Tina Schulz & Erik J. van Nieukerken, Distribution and new records of Bohemannia auriciliella The elusive pygmy Bohemannia auriciliella (De Joannis, 1909): overview of its distribution, with new records for Germany and Bulgaria (: )

●●Tina Schulz & Erik J. van Nieukerken

Nijm­egen (Netherlands) (van Nieukerken Abstract. An overview of the records of Zusammenfassung. Für die Zwergmi­ 1982). Bohemannia auriciliella (De Joannis, niermotte Bohemannia auriciliella (De 1909) in Europe is given, including the Joannis, 1909) wird eine Zusammen­ Eventually, in 1986, the second author first record for Germany (Lower Saxony, stellung aller bisherigen Fundorte Euro­ discovered the synonymy of the male Ec­ Hannover, 2018) and Bulgaria (Burgas, pas präsentiert, einschließlich der Erst­ toedemia bradfordi Emmet, 1974 with the 2002) and new records for the Nether­ funde für Deutschland (Niedersachsen, female Nepticula auriciliella De Joannis, lands and France. In total only 28 spec­ Hannover, 2018) und Bulgarien (Bur­ 1909 based on externals, and recombined imens are known. Information on the gas, 2002), und weiterer Nachweise für it with Bohemannia Stainton, 1859 (van recognition of the moth, and on DNA die Niederlande und Frankreich. Insge­ Nieukerken 1986a). Soon thereafter he barcode is provided and additionally, its samt sind lediglich 28 Exemplare be­ found an additional old specimen in the hidden lifecycle is briefly discussed. kannt. Des Weiteren werden Diagnose­ Copenhagen collection: a female moth merkmale genannt und Informationen from Southampton, accidentally reared in zum DNA-Barcode gegeben. Zusätzlich 1937 by W. Fassnidge (van Nieukerken wird kurz auf den noch immer unbe­ 1986b). Step by step, more specimens kannten Lebenszyklus dieser Art einge­ were found. The Netherlands followed gangen. with two more records from the year 1988 (Meijnweg and Mariapeel). In the next Key words. Germany, Bulgaria, France, Palaearctic Region, first record, host­ decade active British and Dutch collectors plant, , Betula, Bohemannia, auriciliella, Nepticulidae, Lepidoptera. found more specimens: 1993 (Lover, South Wiltshire), Twello and Wageningen- Hoog (Gelderland 1996), and two from Gietelo (Gelderland) at the turn of Introduction Discovery and distribution the millennium. Additional records from Great Britain presumably document the The pygmy moths (Nepticulidae) include It all starts in the year 1909 when Nepti­ activity of British microlepidopterists: some of the smallest moths in the world. cula auriciliella was described by J. de moths were found in 2001 (Berkshire), In some species the wing length measures Joannis on one female specimen, col­ 2003 (Hampshire), 2010 (Surrey), 2011 just over one millimetre (García-Barros lected in Vannes by his brother L. de Joan­ (Buckinghamshire), 2014 (Suffolk), 2015 et al. 2017). Consistent with their tiny size, nis during the 17 preceding years (France, (Southend-on-Sea) and reached the point little is known about the biology and dis­ département Morbihan). The species was of culmination in 2017 with three new tribution of many species, although the more or less forgotten for 70 years, and records (Gloucestershire, Buckingham­ larval leafmines of the majority of species Klimesch (1975) contributed to that by shire and Worcestershire). are quite characteristic and more often synonymizing it with Bohemannia quadri­ found than the moths. Especially when the maculella (Boheman, 1853). Nevertheless, after 2000 the species also do not make such mines, the shows up in other European countries. In distribution maps show still many gaps as Around the same time, another specimen 2003 it appears in Czechia (Liška et al. few people collect or photograph these was discovered in Kent (Great Britain). 2005), and 2007 in Switzerland (Swiss­ tiny . Despite of being described The well-known British Microlepidoptera LepTeam 2010). The first record for Bul­ over a hundred years ago, and being a specialist Maitland Emmet published the garia is made in 2002 (Burgas; two speci­ relatively large nepticulid species (wing­ find by E. S. Bradford in 1974 as a new mens, leg. Jari Junnilainen), here pub­ span 6–7 mm), knowledge about the dis­ species, Ectoedemia bradfordi Emmet, lished for the first time, a second French tribution of the species Bohemannia auri­ 1974, also based on the advice of Josef specimen was collected in the Pyrenees ciliella (De Joannis, 1909) in Europe only Klimesch, who did not see the resem­ (2010), and two new specimens were re­ increased in the past five decades. Includ­ blance with Joannis’ type that he must cently found in the Netherlands (2015, ing the new records presented here, 28 have seen before. The second specimen of 2018), here recorded (Table 1, Fig. 5). specimens of this species are now known “Ectoedemia bradfordi” was found amongst from throughout Europe. unidentified material in the collection of In the light of these data, Germany would the Zoological Museum Amsterdam, perfectly fit in the distribution. In this pa­ caught already in 1931 in Hatert, near per the long awaited record is reported:

143 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld · 130 (3) 2020

1a 1b 2 Figs 1, 2. Bohemannia auriciliella (De Joannis, 1909). 1. Female, Hannover, 13. June 2018, TLMF Lep 25991 (Photo: Tina Schulz). 2. Male, Netherlands, Noord-Brabant, Riethoven, 26 June 2015, RMNH. INS.25160. Scale bar 1 mm (Photo: Erik van Nieukerken).

on the 13th of June 2018 one specimen of DNA Barcoding (Guelph). The result was in one female) and a relatively long an­ Bohemannia auriciliella was collected on very surprising, and was confirmed by tenna with 44–53 segments in male, 35– a sheet with 160 W mixed light, 2 x 18 W EvN whom TS sent a photo of the moth per 38 in female. The forewing has a silver black light, 2 x 20 W superactinic light dur­ email. Three other specimens were bar­ fascia beyond the middle, sometimes ing a public mothing event in the Eilen­ coded in Leiden according to procedures ­broken in two spots, and a brassy basal riede, the city forest of Hannover. There, as described before (Doorenweerd et al. quarter. Bohemannia quadrimaculella (Bo­ around the “Waldstation” (which is a place 2016, van Nieukerken et al. 2012). In all heman, 1853) is larger, 7.0–8.5 mm wing­ to learn more about the forest‘s ecosys­ now four specimens have been barcoded, span, has a uniform scape, antenna white tem) the biotope type can be classified as and all show almost the same sequence, tipped and forewing without a brassy base. “Bodensaurer Buchenwald” (literally with Barcode Identification Number Only some Stigmella species have a scape “beech forest on acidic soil”), with a tree BOLD:ACG8823, and a maximal distance with a dark edge, males of the much small­ age of 65–130 years. Other trees occurring of 0.16 %. The records can be seen on the er S. betulicola (Stainton, 1856), S. alne­ there, besides European beech (Fagus syl­ BOLD Website: http://dx.doi.org/10.5883 tella (Stainton, 1856) and the male of vatica, Fagaceae), are Scots pine (Pinus /BOLD:ACG8823. The Nearest Neighbour S. lemniscella (Zeller, 1839), but that has sylvestris, Pinaceae), European spruce (Pi­ interestingly is the unrelated Gonionota a black head and black androconial scales cea abies, Pinaceae), European larch (Lar­ amauroptera Clark, 1971, a Depressari­ on the hindwing. See also van Nieukerken ix decidua, Pinaceae), oaks (Quercus sp. idae from Argentina. The barcode distance & Johansson (1990) and Laštůvka & Fagaceae), European black alder (Alnus to other known Bohemannia species is Laštůvka (1997), also for genitalia illus­ glutinosa, Betulaceae), Silver birch (Betu­ ­always larger than 15 %. trations. The male genitalia are very char­ la pendula, Betulaceae) and Douglas fir acteristic (Fig. 3), the female genitalia lack (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinaceae). Since the characteristic signa of most related a few ponds have been laid out in close Recognition species, the terminal segments of the holo­ proximity to the “Waldstation”, the air Bohemannia auriciliella (Figs 1, 2) is rela­ type are illustrated in Fig. 4. ­humidity is relatively high. tively easy to recognise. It is one of the medium large Nepticulidae with a yellow head, wingspan 6–7 mm, collar rather Discussion Molecular analysis (Barcoding) small with lamellar scales (as in Stigmella Considering the small size of this species A sample of the Hanoverian specimen was species) and scape (eyecap) with the pos­ and the only few interested parties for very sequenced by the Canadian Centre for terior quarter grey (but this is not the case small moths like Nepticulidae, it seems not

144 Tina Schulz & Erik J. van Nieukerken, Distribution and new records of Bohemannia auriciliella

Tab. 1. Synopsis of records of Bohemannia auriciliella (De Joannis, 1909), listed more or less chronologically, grouped by country. Geographic coordi­ nates were in most instances derived from Google Earth.

Country, Location Date Number, Coordinates Collector Note/ Sex References F, Morbihan: Vannes 23.VI.(before 1909) 1 ´ 47.67N 2.73W J. de Joannis Holotype, De Joannis 1909 F, Pyrenées Or.: Caixas, La Serre 29.V.–19.VI.2010 1 ´ 42.582 N 2.6765E B. Wikström RMNH.INS.25199, New record NL, Gelderland: Hatert, near Nijmegen 21.VI.1931 1 ` 51.804N 5.828E Lycklama à Nijeholt RMNH.INS.20115, van Nieukerken 1982, 1986b NL, Limburg: Mariapeel, near Helenaveen 17.VI.1988 1 ´ 51.403N 5.92E J. H. Kuchlein Kuchlein et al. 2000 NL, Limburg: Meijnweg 9.VII.1988 1 ` 51.173N 6.125E G. R. Langohr van Nieukerken et al. 1993 NL, Gelderland: Twello 10.VII.1996 1 ` 52.2426N 6.1084E J. B. Wolschrijn Kuchlein et al. 2000 NL, Gelderland: Wageningen-Hoog 12.VII.1996 1 ` 51.988N 5.6892E J. H. Kuchlein pers. comm. J. Kuchlein NL, Gelderland: Gietelo 11.VI.2000 1 ´ 52.183N 6.139E J. B. Wolschrijn Wolschrijn & Kuchlein 2001 NL, Gelderland: Gietelo 16.VI.2000 1 ` 52.183N 6.139E J. B. Wolschrijn RMNH.INS.23747, Wolschrijn & Kuchlein 2001 NL, Noord-Brabant: Bergeijk, Riethoven 26.VI.2015 1 ` 51.375N 5.422E F. Groenen RMNH.INS.25160, New record NL, Gelderland: Wageningen-Hoog 12.VI.2018 1 ` 51.988N 5.6892E J. H. Kuchlein pers. comm. J. Kuchlein GB, Kent (VC15): Childs Forstal Wood, 7.VII.1973 1 ` 51.337N 1.123E E. S. Bradford Holotype E. bradfordi, Emmet 1974, East Blean ­van ­Nieukerken 1986a GB, Hampshire (VC11): Southampton 11.VII.1937 1 ´ 50.90N 1.40W W. Fassnidge van Nieukerken 1986b GB, South Wiltshire (VC8): Lover 24.VI.1993 1 50.978N 1.696W M. F. W. Corley Corley 1994 GB, Berkshire (VC22): Pine Wood 22.VI.2001 1 51.385N 0.793W D. J. Gibbs Gibbs 2002, Langmaid & Young 2002 GB, Hampshire (VC11): Wickham Com­ 29.VI.2003 1 50.894N 1.16W R. J. Dickson Langmaid & Young 2004 mon GB, Surrey (VC17): Knaphill 27.VI.2010 1 ` 51.317N 0.615W A. J. Halstead Langmaid & Young 2011 GB, Buckinghamshire (VC24): Amersham, 2.VII.2011 1 ` 51.632N 0.607W P. Hall Hall 2012 Hodgemoor Wood GB, Suffolk (VC25): Tangham Forest 21.VI.2014 1 ` 52.075N 1.437E A. Watson Langmaid & Young 2015 GB, Essex (VC18): Southend-on-Sea, 30.VI.2015 1 ` 51.557N 0.635E C. Lewis Lewis 2015 ­Belfairs Woods GB, Gloucestershire (VC34): Dymock 19.VI.2017 1 ` 51.953N 2.458W G. H. J. Meredith Meredith 2019 Wood GB, Buckinghamshire (VC24): Bernwood 21.VI.2017 1 ` 51.788N 1.113E P. Hall Hall 2019 Forest, Hell Coppice GB, Worcestershire (VC37): Shoulton 22.VIII.2017 1 ` 52.226N 2.288W P. Clement Clement 2017 BG, Burgas, 40 km SE: Ropotamo 5.VI.2002 2 ` 42.27N 27.73E J. Junnilainen RMNH.INS.23932, New record CZ, Moravia: Lanžhot, Soutok 24.V.2003 1 ´ 48.618N 16.94E J. Liška Liška et al. 2005 CH, Canton of Geneva: Jussy 5.VI.2007 1 ` 46.247N 6.288E B. Landry & D. Ru­ SwissLepTeam 2010 binoff DE, Niedersachsen: Hannover 13.VI.2018 1 ´ 52.3898N 9.7887E T. Schulz TLMF Lep 25991, New record so astonishing that Bohemannia auricili­ Fig. 3. Male genitalia ella was discovered relatively late in Ger­ of Bohemannia auri­ many. Yet this has more reasons. There ciliella (De Joannis, remains still some uncertainty concerning 1909). 3a. Ventral view. 3b. Focussed the host plant and especially the immature more dorsally. Geni­ stages. What we know for sure is that talia slide EvN5160, adults occur between late May and August, RMNH.INS.25160. with most records from June and early Scale bars 100 μm July. The host plant is thought to be birch, (Photo: Erik van ­Nieukerken). mostly because the collection label of W. Fassnidge‘s specimen says it was reared from birch. Emmet (1987) sug­ gested a scenario that Fassnidge reared the moth only accidentally from branches collected to get fuscatella

145 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld · 130 (3) 2020

Fig. 4. Female genita­ Although B. auriciliella was described 111 lia of Bohemannia years ago, its and lifecycle are still auriciliella­ (De Joan­ unknown. Furthermore, it is expected to nis, 1909), Holotype. be less scarce than it seems, as the known Only the terminal segments are illustra­ distribution covers a large part of Europe, ted, as the bursa did and more and more specimens are found, not show any detail. especially in countries with many active 4a. Dorsal view. microlepidopterists. What we need, to 4b. Focussed more prove this, is a suitable method for finding ventrally. Genitalia the larva. By now many Nepticulidae spe­ slide KL0720 (Photo: Erik van cies can be recorded only by the larva's ­Nieukerken). host plant and their way of mining. For B. auriciliella this approved method hope­ (Tengström, 1848), which lives in twig Further, it may be interesting, that one fully is possible too – we are lacking only galls in birch. Unfortunately, there are no moth was beaten from birch (van Nieu­ the knowledge to do so. This enigma further notes by Fassnidge to enlighten kerken et al. 1993), although all other should encourage us to finally disclose the this case. This was the exclusive record of specimens were swept from different secret of its hidden biology. The recent a larva of B. auriciliella­ ; since then it has bushes or low vegetation, or came to light, finding and photographing of the simi­ not been found again. like the Hanoverian specimen did. At least larly poorly known larval feeding of Etain­ one prominent silver birch is growing ap­ ia species in winter is somewhat promising If one considers that the main method to proximately ten metres apart from the in this respect (Sobczyk et al. 2018). find pygmy moths is by searching their sheet where it was collected. Nearby there mining tracks, it seems clear that the mine are also black alders next to the ponds‘ Acknowledgements. Sincere thanks are of B. auriciliella can not be easily recog­ edges. All Dutch records are also from given to Hartmut Rutzen for the invita­ nised. So the larva‘s lifestyle is expected relatively poor sandy soils with birch com­ tion to the light collecting event in Hano­ to be concealed; it is unlikely to be a leaf monly present. However, it is doubtful that ver and for information on the biotope, miner. Perhaps the larva lives inside a bud birch occurs at the more Mediterranean and Thomas Fähnrich for catching the or a petiole (van Nieukerken et al. 1986b), localities in Bulgaria and the Pyrenees. specimen at the right moment. For organ­ as it is known from a related species, Bo­ The elusive larval life history is one expla­ isational help for obtaining the barcode of hemannia quadrimaculella (Boheman, nation, but still B. auriciliella is much less the German specimen thanks are due to 1853), which most likely inhabits alder frequently found than B. quadrimaculella, Peter Buchner. Frank Stokvis and buds (Emmet 1984, van Nieukerken so that possibly also the adult is more elu­ Camiel Doorenweerd did the molecular 1986c). sive and more difficult to find. work for the other barcodes. We thank the following people for information on re­ cords and specimens or loans: Patrick Clement, Jurriën van Deijk, Frans Groenen, Peter Hall, Jari Junnilainen, Joop Kuchlein, Chris Lewis, Arnold Schreurs and Bo Wikström.

References

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146 Tina Schulz & Erik J. van Nieukerken, Distribution and new records of Bohemannia auriciliella

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Note added The year 2020 apparently has been very years ago (https://www.facebook.com/ Brittany (Trégenestre, mid.VIII.1997, on good for this species. After the paper went groups/1058038610890196/?post_id= Salix caprea, Patrice Leraut, pers. to press, several records became available 3544304065596959, will be published in comm.) and another overlooked specimen and EvN even collected one female him­ detail in Entomologist’s Record) and EJvN from the Netherlands, province of Overijs­ self, increasing the total known number of collected one female at light in the Neth­ sel (Springendal, 10.VII.2013, Paul van specimens from 28 to 38. erlands, Gelderland (Harfsen, Calluna Wonderen, Tymo Muus (https://www. Park, 25.VI.2020). facebook.com/groups/microlepidoptera/? Dieter Robrecht collected two males as post_id=660319497331340). the second record for Germany and first We received further information on older record for Nordrhein-Westfalen (NSG Has­ records: a second specimen in Wickham selbachaue, 19.VI.2020, see Lepiforum. Common (GB, Hampshire) from 8.VII. de). Guy H. J. Meredith recorded a total 2005, earlier overlooked by us (http:// All records of this species will be submitted of four specimens in Dymock Wood (28. www.hantsmoths.org.uk/index.htm); a as dataset to GBIF (www.gbif.org). We VI.–4.VII.2020), where he found it some third female from France, Cotes d’Amor in thank all recorders for the information.

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