Rebranding E Riposizionamento: Il Caso Lotto Sport

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Rebranding E Riposizionamento: Il Caso Lotto Sport Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Marketing e Comunicazione Tesi di Laurea Rebranding e riposizionamento: il caso Lotto Sport Relatore Ch. Prof. Tiziano Vescovi Correlatore Ch. Prof. Claudio Giachetti Laureando Dario Bertolo Matricola 847716 Anno accademico 2018/2019 INDICE RINGRAZIAMENTI pag. 3 INTRODUZIONE pag. 4 CAPITOLO 1 - GESTIONE DEL BRAND: CONCETTI E STRATEGIE 1.1 Nozioni fondamentali 1.1.1 Il concetto di marca pag. 6 1.1.2 Brand identity pag. 8 1.1.3 Brand knowledge: brand awareness e brand image pag. 13 1.1.4 Brand reputation pag. 19 1.1.5 Brand equity pag. 22 1.2 Strategie di marca 1.2.1 Il posizionamento pag. 26 1.2.2 Brand portfolio pag. 29 1.2.3 Brand architecture pag. 32 1.2.4 Brand extension pag. 36 1.2.5 Co-branding pag. 38 CAPITOLO 2: IL REBRANDING 2.1 Gli aspetti teorici del rebranding 2.1.1 Definizione di rebranding pag. 42 2.1.2 Il rebranding come continuum pag. 44 2.1.3 I livelli gerarchici del rebranding pag. 46 2.1.4 Teoria e principi del rebranding pag. 47 2.1.5 Contraddizioni e incoerenze del rebranding pag. 51 2.2 Il processo di rebranding 2.2.1 Motivazioni e driver principali pag. 52 2.2.2 Rebranding mix pag. 55 2.2.3 Il modello Muzellec-Lambkin: un punto di partenza pag. 56 2.2.4 Il modello Daly-Moloney: l’importanza della comunicazione pag. 58 2.2.5 Il modello Miller-Merrilees: fattori abilitanti e ostativi pag. 61 2.2.6 Le insidie del rebranding pag. 67 1 2.3 Strategie di rebranding 2.3.1 Tipi di cambiamento pag. 69 2.3.2 Sei opzioni strategiche pag. 71 CAPITOLO 3 - IL CASO LOTTO SPORT ITALIA 3.1 L’azienda 3.1.1 Storia e attività pag. 74 3.1.2 Informazioni e dati sull’azienda pag. 77 3.2 Il mercato dello sportswear 3.2.1 Analisi del contesto e principali trend pag. 78 3.2.2 L’analisi della concorrenza pag. 80 3.3 Il rebranding di Lotto Sport 3.3.1 Raccolta di informazioni e analisi pag. 83 3.3.2 Le prime considerazioni pag. 85 3.3.3 Archeologia del brand pag. 88 3.3.4 Il riposizionamento: lo sport edonistico pag. 89 3.3.5 Le novità del rebranding: Life’s, brand architecture e pay off pag. 93 3.3.6 Il coinvolgimento degli stakeholders interni ed esterni pag. 95 3.3.7 Gli sviluppi della strategia pag. 97 3.3.8 I brand di Lotto: valori, ruoli strategici, mission e loghi pag. 98 CONCLUSIONI pag. 102 BIBLIOGRAFIA pag. 105 SITOGRAFIA pag. 108 2 RINGRAZIAMENTI Giunto ormai alla conclusione del mio percorso di studi universitari, colgo l’occasione per ringraziare chi, da sempre o in questi anni, mi ha accompagnato e mi ha permesso di raggiungere questo importantissimo traguardo. Il mio ringraziamento più grande va ai miei genitori e a mia sorella, che da sempre mi hanno sostenuto e appoggiato in qualsiasi mia decisione senza mai ostacolarmi. A volte non mi rendo conto di quanto sono fortunato ad avere una famiglia così forte e unita, le opportunità che mi avete concesso sono frutto del vostro amorevole e instancabile sostegno. Senza il vostro incoraggiamento e la vostra pazienza non sarei dove mi trovo oggi, per cui ancora una volta vi ringrazio con tutto il mio cuore. Vi voglio bene. Desidero ringraziare vivamente Lotto Sport Italia per l’opportunità che mi è stata concessa di svolgere un tirocinio che è andato ben oltre le mie aspettative. Nello specifico, ringrazio il personale dell’ufficio Marketing e Comunicazione per la cordialità con cui sono stato accolto e per l’atmosfera serena che ha accompagnato la durata del mio tirocinio. In particolar modo ringrazio due persone per cui nutro una gran stima e che reputo come dei punti di riferimento durante questo mio percorso: Corinne Babuel, PR manager e mia tutor aziendale, e Stefano Taboga, direttore dell’ufficio Marketing e Comunicazione. Inoltre, ringrazio fortemente Luca Roselli, consulente strategico di brand management e innovazione, per la disponibilità e la gentilezza dimostrata nel fornirmi materiale fondamentale riguardante l’intero processo di rebranding di Lotto Sport. Ringrazio il mio relatore, il professore Tiziano Vescovi, per i consigli e per la disponibilità dimostrata nello sviluppo del seguente elaborato. 3 INTRODUZIONE Il rebranding è una pratica a cui le varie imprese non possono sottrarsi, è un atto radicale di cambiamento che interessa tutti i settori di mercato. Questa strategia esprime la natura dinamica del brand, spesso costretto a rinnovarsi per seguire le richieste di contesti competitivi in continua evoluzione. L'elaborato ha come obiettivo individuare le tematiche che ruotano attorno al rebranding per poi presentare ed analizzare la strategia di rebranding aziendale di Lotto Sport che ha portato ad un riposizionamento nel mercato sempre più competitivo dello sportswear. La tesi è sviluppata in tre capitoli ed una parte conclusiva. Per potere analizzare il tema del rebranding è necessario prima contestualizzare ciò che l’impresa mette in atto dal principio, ovvero il branding. Per questo motivo il primo capitolo mira a identificare i concetti chiave e le strategie che caratterizzano il processo di branding attuato dalle imprese. La prima parte si sofferma sulla marca in tutti i suoi aspetti principali, dal concetto di base all’analisi delle tre componenti principali (brand identity, brand knowledge e brand reputation) che danno vita a al patrimonio della marca, meglio conosciuto come brand equity. Dato che il reale significato del brand il più delle volte risiede nella mente dei consumatori, la seconda parte del capitolo analizza le strategie con cui le imprese cercano di valorizzare la marca attraverso una serie di attività su cui si basa la gestione del brand: posizionamento, brand portfolio, brand architecture, brand extension e co-branding. Il secondo capitolo offre un’analisi molto approfondita sulla letteratura riguardante il rebranding e si suddivide in tre parti: la prima parte tratta degli aspetti teorici del rebranding, partendo dalla definizione fino ai principi individuati da esperti del settore, passando per l’intensità dei cambiamenti, che può contraddistinguere la strategia in evolutiva o rivoluzionaria, e per i livelli della gerarchia aziendale in cui si verifica (corporate, business unit e product). La seconda parte si addentra nel processo di rebranding analizzando in primis le motivazioni per cui le imprese decidono di intraprendere questa strategia, successivamente vengono presi in considerazione i quattro elementi che compongono il rebranding mix e che rappresentano il processo. Di seguito, l’analisi della letteratura si concentra su tre modelli fondamentali di processo di rebranding basati sullo studio di vari casi aziendali: il modello Muzellec-Lambkin, un primo approccio significativo verso la comprensione in materia; il modello Daly-Moloney, 4 il quale sottolinea l’importanza della comunicazione interna ed esterna; il modello Miller- Merrilees, il più completo in letteratura. Per finire, sono descritti i rischi che si possono incontrare commettendo errori durante le campagne di rebranding. Il terzo e ultimo capitolo tratta il caso di rebranding aziendale di Lotto Sport, azienda italiana leader nelle calzature e l’abbigliamento per lo sport e il tempo libero. Dopo aver introdotto l’azienda con le informazioni riguardanti storia, attività e dati generali, si passa ad una contestualizzazione del mercato dello sportswear individuando i principali trend e la situazione competitiva grazie al modelle delle cinque forze di Porter. La parte finale del capitolo, nonché la più rilevante, descrive l’intero processo di rebranding messo in atto dall’azienda durato più di due anni, il quale ha portato al riposizionamento sul mercato grazie all’introduzione di un nuovo brand e la conseguente nuova brand architecture. 5 CAPITOLO 1 - GESTIONE DEL BRAND: CONCETTI E STRATEGIE 1.1 Nozioni fondamentali Il ciclo di vita di un brand è essenzialmente composto da quattro fasi: nascita, sviluppo, maturità e declino. Nel corso delle prime tre fasi, un’impresa si propone di attuare un meticoloso processo di branding mirato alla creazione del brand e alla sua gestione nel tempo per riuscire a differenziarsi dalla concorrenza. Risulta opportuno comprendere cosa si intende per brand o marca e quali sono gli elementi che contraddistinguono questo aspetto, in quanto i cambiamenti di questi aspetti sono alla base della strategia di rebranding che talvolta si intraprende per rilanciare il brand in fase di declino. 1.1.1 Il concetto di marca L’etimologia della parola inglese “brand” e di quella italiana “marca” rimanda al concetto di “fuoco” e di “marchiare a fuoco”, in entrambi i casi. Nell’alto tedesco antico e nell’inglese antico il termine “brand” stava per “fuoco”, “fiamma” o “bruciare” e ha poi acquisito il significato di “marchiare con un ferro bollente, lasciando un segno”, proprio come si faceva con gli animali di allevamento per identificare il proprietario in caso di furto. Lo stesso vale per la parola “marca”, proveniente dal germanico “marka” o “segno”. Il concetto indica quindi l’azione di contrassegnare, distinguere, rendere facilmente identificabile qualcosa1. Infatti, inizialmente la marca era semplicemente un segno, ma col passare del tempo sono emerse delle nuove definizione a riguardo. Una delle prime è quella proposta dall’American Marketing Association: “la marca è un nome, termine, disegno, simbolo o qualsiasi segno che identifichi il bene o servizio di un venditore e aiuti a distinguerlo da quello di altri venditori”. Successivamente, vari esperti di marketing hanno dato il loro contributo in questo ambito grazie a nuove definizioni di brand che, partendo dalla marca come segno, articolano i contenuti tra tangibili e intangibili2: • “Il brand è la somma intangibile delle caratteristiche di un prodotto” (David Ogilvy) 1 https://www.insidemarketing.it/glossario-marketing-comunicazione/brand/ 2 http://www.socialcomitalia.com/che-cose-un-brand-guida/ 6 • “La marca corrisponde all’identità di uno specifico prodotto, servizio o business” (David Aaker) • “Se un prodotto offre una determinata efficacia, la marca aggiunge ulteriore valore” (Jean-Noël Kapferer) • “Il brand è una promessa.
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