Bedrock Geology UK

Long 8° 30’ 7° 30’ 6° 30’ 5° 30’ 4° 30’ 3° 30’ Long Long 30’ Long

13° 30’ W 45 4° 30’ W 75 90 2° 00’ W 1° 00’ W 75 000m2 000m2 000m3 000m4 04 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 24 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 34 3 5 3 6 3 7 2 5 2 6 2 7 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 000m9 90 D2 90000m9 30000m10 30000m10 D3 20000m12 20000m12 CP D2 A1 NORTHERN G SD ROCKALL X8 CP SULE SKERRY SHETLAND EO 9 8 9 8 10 2 10 2 S1 A1 X5-6 12 EO 12 Lat 1 1 Lat STACK SKERRY 1:625 000 Scale Lat 59° 00’ N Lat 57° 30’ N D3 58° 30’ N E1-2 59° 00’ N F X5 F CP 131 Lat X1 130 EO 9 7 9 7 10000m10 10000m10 57° 30’ N F MOINE THRUST (MT) OS 45 2 5 2 6 2 7 75 X X4 S1 BEDROCK GEOLOGY UK NORTH E3 12 12 A2 X1 SD 000m2 000m2 0 0 LEWIS & HARRIS D2 X X1-3 X F D2 Long 113 OS SD CP Long D2 SD EO 13° 30’ W (North) 1:100 000 Z X1 Y1 116 4° 30’ W X D1 D1 SD A3 A1 Z X D1 F OS D1 X1-3 EO (North of National Grid Line 460 km N) 9 6 OS 9 6 Z E3 A1 129 S1 CP SD X A1 X X4 Long E1-2 X1 115 Lat Long 119 119 114 SD SD 00 8° 30’ W A1 58° 30’ N 60 6° 00’ W 90 X1 OS OS X5-6 000m0 OS 000m1 000m1 5th EDITION Z LINE OF SECTION OS SD X1-3 0 0 0 SD X1-3 D2 1 1 1 2 3 D1-3 7 8 SD SD X 9 5 X 9 5 40000m10 40000m10 A1 A1 Z X OS X4 Geological interpretation and map compilation by J D Floyd, R Addison and D Reay. The copyright of materials derived from the British Geological X1 A1 X1-3 SD A1 Z A1 A2 F E1-2 118 SD 118 Geological cross-section compiled by A G Leslie. Survey’s work is vested in the Natural Environment Research Z X CP Lat SD X1-3 X X1-3 A2 SD Lat Data preparation by A H Myers and P Turner. Council (NERC). No part of these materials may be reproduced 107 X SD A1 60° 30’ N A2 60° 30’ N X X1-3 X1-3 X1-3 A2 A2 SD D1 RONA A1 SD A1 SD Digital cartography by J W Arbon and I L Cooke. or transmitted in any form (analogue or digital) or by any means, Z SD A1 A3 X1 SULA SGEIR A Smith, Project Manager, Digital Geological Map of Great Britain. or stored in a retrieval system of any nature, without the prior 9 4 9 4 10 3 10 3 X6 A3 OS D1 SD SD X4 OS X4 M Smith, Chief Geologist, Scotland. G Earls, Director, Geological Survey of Northern Ireland. permission of the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Manager Z A1 D1 X6 PT Z Z A1 SD 117 SD 117 A2 A2 Z ASSYNT X1 A1 E1-2 M K Lee, Director of Geology and Resources. (British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Z Z X CP Published 2007. John N Ludden, PhD. Executive Director, British Geological Survey. Nottingham, NG12 5GG. Telephone 0115 936 3381). www.bgs.ac.uk A1 A2 E3 109 X X5-6 X5-6 A1 SD Lat A1 SD OS 108 59° 00’ N SD X6-7 F SD OS SD X5-6 Coastline © HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 2005. www.collinsmaps.com BGS © NERC 2009. All rights reserved. F Y3 X OS 110 E1-2 9 3 Z A1 F SD X1-3 9 3 20000m10 20000m10 SD X X1 SD Z X1-3 SD X4 SD Z X 60 90 X6-7 Z OS X 17 18 SD X5-6 Z A2 SD Lat 11 SD X6-7 OS 11 000m1 000m1 6 SD 6 A1 59° 00’ N Z2 X1-3 OS X6 E1-2 A1 F Z X X1-3 X1-3 Long OS A2 Z SD SD OS X 6° 00’ W SD 58° Z A1 D1 SD SD OS SD D1 X6-7 9 Z SD 9 2 F X1 OS SD 2 D2 X4 INDEX AND EXPLANATION X D1 CENTRAL E1-2 SD X 2° 30’ 115 SD X6-7 115 LEWIS & HARRIS SD A1 D1 X8 SHETLAND Z Y3 A1 X1-3 OS (South) 1:100 000 Z Z SEDIMENTARY and METAMORPHIC ROCKS X A1 SD SD X6-7 Z F X1 Z X X D2 A1 A2 E1-2 X X1-3 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 F OS F Z X 9 1 A2 X 9 1 Z A1 E3 E1-2 A1 SD WESTERN ERA PERIOD EPOCH/AGE REGIONAL VARIATIONS X SD D2 Z2 D2 D2 F A1 114 D2 SHETLAND 114 G Z A1 101 102 SD X1 Million Z J4-6 103 Z SD Years Y3 X1 SD SD SD X6-7 NEOGENE Miocene N Buchan Gravels Formation A1 D1 58° 23 N G A1 J1 9 A3 A2 Z X J1 J2-4 9 X6-7 0 G X PT 0 Eocene -

A1 CENOZOIC PALAEOGENE G Lough Neagh Clays Group X1 X8 Oligocene G E3 X1 113 113 65 G NORTHERN IRELAND Cretaceous to F SD SD SD KG Z1 A3 Z A2 X1 X Palaeogene rocks A2 91 X Ulster White Limestone and Hibernian Z X X K6 White Chalk Subgroup chalk with flints K6 A1 X X SD X8 Greensands formations, undivided J1 X1 D3 60° Chalk Group Z 60° X K5 Grey Chalk Subgroup clayey chalk 8 9 8 9 D2 Z A1 Z X CRETACEOUS Z Z X1 GREAT GLEN FAULT (GGF) X6-7 Z1 X1 112 112 K K4 Hunstanton Formation red chalk A2 A3 Z PT E1-2 SD A2 A3 X1 X Z F K2-3 Speeton Clay Formation mudstone MT X SD Z Y3 X SD 146 A1 G D2 X6-7 D2 SOUTHERN 8 A1 Z 90 Z A1 92 8 8 G 8 J6 Kimmeridge Clay and Ampthill Clay formations X SHETLAND Late Z PT Z D3 D2 11 1 111 X3 X6-7 Jurassic Corallian Group Upper Jurassic rocks, undifferentiated (J4-6) Z Z J4-6 G Z J5 Z X1 D1 X1 95 limestone, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone Z1 J4-6 93 94 D3 MESOZOIC Oxford Clay, Kellaways and Osgodby Clay fms Z J2-4 X1 96 JURASSIC J4 F A1 X Mid mudstone, locally sandy 8 A2 A2 8 J 7 A1 G 7 Jurassic Dogger Fm, Ravenscar Gp and Cornbrash Fm Middle Jurassic rocks, undifferentiated (J2-4) Z1 X1 J2-4 X1-3 J1 X6 X J2-3 J4-6 PT X7 11 11 sandstone, limestone and ironstone A1 A1 X D1 0 0 30’ A3 G D1 Z G J2-4 G SD D1 X5 Early J1 Lias Group mudstone and limestone G G X2 PT D3 OS Jurassic A1 A2 X2 D1 200 X2 X3 J4-6 D2 OS 97 Z G X1-3 Mercia Mudstone and Penarth groups A2 J2-4 Z E1-2 T2 8 F A1 X2 OS D1 8 mudstone with siltstone and evaporite 6 J2-4 X OS 6 G D1 X OS TRIASSIC Z D3 10 10 A1 Z Z X7 9 9 T T1 Sherwood Sandstone Group A2 J2-4 J2-4 G G G X D2 D2 X7 251 D3 X6 X6 D1 X7 X7 SD G F X7 SD Cumbrian Coast and Zechstein groups New Red Sandstone Supergroup A1 A1 SD P3 G PT A2 OS X5 X D2 OS mudstone (excluding Zechstein and Belfast groups) A3 G D2 X5 CP Z OS N X7 Zechstein and Belfast groups 8 5 A2 G 8 5 PERMIAN 80 X1 X2 X5 OS P2 limestone, dolostone, evaporite and mudstone G G X1 A1 X1-3 X X6 P J2-4 G SD X2 OS 87 10 8 108 Appleby, Stewartry, Enler and Rotliegende gps Stainmore Fm 81E 83 OS X8 OS OS P1 C4 G J1 82 A1 85 SD D2 CP 30’ sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone mainly sandstone Yoredale Group F PT SD X CP 299 NORTHERN ENGLAND X1 X1 84 OS OS mudstone, siltstone, G G OS SD C3 Alston Formation A3 SD E3 A2 X OS sandstone and Warwickshire Group A2 G X1 X2 X2 86 OS C8 X X6 OS N X7 CP limestone sandstone, siltstone and mudstone 8 G J1 N 8 D2 C2 Tyne Limestone Fm 4 81W F X2 SD SD SD SD 4 UIST & BARRA G CP CP OS C7 G X2 N 10 000m Upper X1 SD A1 OS X1-3 OS 70 1070000m Pennine Coal Measures G G SD X X5 Westphalian Coal Measures Group (North) 1:100 000 PT X1 X8 C5-8 Group A1 Z X2 SD GGF SD Lat Lat X1 4 C5-7 coal-bearing mudstone, C6 A2 A2 F SD X3 SD X7 OS Middle X2 90 75 SD X 59° 30’ N 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 59° 30’ N NORTHERN IRELAND coal bearing mudstone, SD SD X1-3 X1-3 OS X CP X siltstone and sandstone

X1-3 X8 000m3 000m A1 X2 OS OS siltstone and sandstone X1 A2 X1 CP C5 Slievebane Group C5 Lower 8 3 G J4-6 OS 8 3 Z A2 G CP OS Long Long CARBONIFEROUS UIST & BARRA G X6 Clackmannan Group C4 Kilskeery Group Millstone Grit Group G J1 G CP 2° 00’ W 30’ 1° 00’ W C Namurian C4 G X2 OS OS OS C3-4 sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, mudstone, sandstone and siltstone (South) 1:100 000 G G D1 X1-3 OS X6 X X C4 Leitrim and Ballycastle groups G PT SD A3 A1 X1-3 limestone and coal Craven and Bowland High groups F X1 X1 X2 X3 X6 CP G G X1 X2 X3 C3 Armagh Group C3 mudstone and siltstone with limestone A3 J2-4 J1 G G A3 SD Long Strathclyde Group G G G X1 72 X8 X8 3° Long Visean G SD X2 X2 SD OS D1 OS OS C2 C2 Great Scar Limestone and Border gps

SD 05 90 G G SD G X8 3° 30’ W 2° 30’ W sandstone, siltstone and oil-shale C2 Tyrone and Carlingford limestone groups C2 8 2 G G SD X SD SD D1 8 2 limestone, sandstone and mudstone G G X1-3 SD 000m3 000m3 A3 SD SD SD SD 70 G E3 PT G X1 X1-3 G G X1 X6 Inverclyde Group Omagh Sandstone, Roe Valley, Holywood Inverclyde and Ravenstonedale gps J4-6 SD X7 X7 3 1 3 2 3 3 34 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 Tournaisian C1 C1 C1 A1 A2 X1 X X3 SD 75 D1-3 359 sandstone, cementstone and limestone and Owenkillew Sandstone groups sandstone, limestone and mudstone E1-2 G SD SD OS OS 60000m10 60000m10 F X1 E3 X1 MT SD OS 76 Late G SD X2 74 OS 77 D3 Upper Old Red Sandstone (Stratheden Group) Upper Devonian sandstones 71 X7 X7 Devonian D3 G X1 SD 73 X5 SD D1 (including Mell Fell Conglomerate) J2-4 G X1 SD SD X1-3 OS X5 X7 SD Mid 57° 8 G G G X1 X6 SD 8 1 D2 Middle Old Red Sandstone (Fintona Group) 1 A3 X2 X5 D1-3 Devonian NORTHERN MIDLAND VALLEY Old Red Sandstone A2 X2 SD ORKNEY D2 ISLE OF MAN X2 X2 X SD OS OS DEVONIAN Supergroup X OS G G A1 X1 SD D1-3 SD 1:100 000 D D1 Strathmore Group sandstone, siltstone, D2 D1-3 Lower Devonian sandstones G Y2 SD SD 10 10 Early D1 G SD SD SD 5 5 mudstone and PT X1 X1 SD X6 SD X7 Devonian D1 Arbuthnott - Garvock Gp (Peel Group) G SD D1 Lower Old Red Sandstone (Fintona and conglomerate X2 X SD PALAEOZOIC G G G SD X SD 416 Cross Slieve groups) G G X2 X SD X1-3 SD D2 D1 Dunnottar - Crawton Gp LAKE DISTRICT G X1 X2 X OS 8 0 X1 A1 X SD 8 0 A1 X1 X1-3 SD Pridoli Kirkby Moor Formation G F F X S3-4 Stonehaven Group G G SD SD CP S3-4 sandstone and siltstone 60 X2 X1 X1-3 SD D1-3 SD SD OS A2 G G SD SD X7 SD X1 OS 10 D3 D2 10 Ludlow Coniston Group G A1 X5 SD OS 4 4 S3 CP X2 SD X6 OS wacke Windermere G X SD SD X D3 SILURIAN G G J1 G X1 CP X5 X7 OS Wenlock S2 Riccarton Group Supergroup F OS SD X SD S wacke and siltstone; G J2-4 61 X1 G SD 63 64 (including 7 9 A1 SD 7 9 57° CP S1-3 mudstone and wacke X1 X1 X2 X2 SD SD S1 Hawick Group S1-2 in Midland Valley SHETLAND Dalby Group, OS CP 62 D1-3 X6 OS SD S1-2 SD X HIGHLAND BOUNDARY FAULT (HBF) D2 Llandovery and Northern Ireland Isle of Man) SD O1-2 S1 Gala Group G X3 X5 X5 SD 444 S1 Unst Phyllite Group G X1 SD CP OS X7 10 3 CP D2 D2 10 3 SD X6 OS S3-4 Shinnel and Dent Group CP X8 67 D3 Ashgill O5 O5 A1 G G X2 SD SD D1 SD Glenlee formations Scaur Leadhills Supergroup mudstone and sandstone G SD X3 SD SD SD X7 SD D1 wacke and siltstone; G SD X X Portpatrick and Group Borrowdale Volcanic Gp 7 8 CP SD 7 8 CP O4 SD G F X6 SD X6 66 Glenwhargen fms O4-5 in Northern Ireland O4 X3 X6 SD X D2 sedimentary rocks J2-4 CP X6 SD CP X D2

X1 G D2 O3-5 X2 CP SD X8 65 SD CP Caradoc O4 Kirkcolm Fm Barrhill Buttermere and X2 SD X6 SD SD SD X2 X2 X2 X3 SD SD SD X6 SD CP SD 10 2 10 2 ORDOVICIAN Blackcraig and Group Bitter Beck formations Skiddaw X6 SD X8 SD O3-5 in Midland Valley O1-3 G X6 SD O1-2 D1 O Galdenoch fms mudstone and siltstone, Group X3 X OS D1 CP and Northern Ireland G G J1 X2 X3 SD X6 X O3-4 J1 G SD Tappins Group GRAMPIAN HIGHLANDS in part olistostrome (including X5 SD SD X6 X 7 D1 D2 7 7 X SD OS X8 X8 7 Lat X Highland Border Complex Loweswater and Manx and G G X2 X3 X5 SD SD SD Lat Tremadoc Moffat Shale and Crawford gps 02-S1 SD CP 59° 00’ N OS basaltic pillow lava, serpentinite, Watch Hill formations Ingleton G SD SD 59° 00’ N - Llanvirn black mudstone and chert O1-2 G X SD X6 X CP amphibolite, sandstone, mudstone, wacke groups) G X1 G X2 G CP KG X2 X X3 SD X 10 1 10 1 488 42/51W A2 X1 X SD X D2 E3 Durness Group dolomitic limestone chert and limestone SD X2 X6 X6 A3 51 X2 X5 SD D1 CP J1 G SD 54 SD X CP X1 G SD J2-4 G CP SD X8 E1-2 Ardvreck Group sandstone and dolomitic limestone 7 X7 X5 X7 D3 7 CAMBRIAN 6 G X1 PT 53 6 CP CP 52 G SD X8 D2 E SHETLAND Additional lithological marker beds A1 X6 SD SD 55 SD CP D3 SD 542 Southern Highland Group CP G X3 SD X8 within Dalradian (X5-8) Supergroup CP GGF SD SD CP 56 SD 57 G G X2 X2 X6 metapelite ? Clift Hills * * informal `divisions´ thought to be broadly G KG SD X 10 0 10 0 30’ Z G G G D1-3 X6 X7 SD equivalent to the formal groups X2 SD SD Argyll Group A1 A3 CP X6 SD SD SD D1 X7 metacarbonate rock G X1 X6 A3 D3 diamictite Dalradian Supergroup Z G SD X7 D3 D3 ? Whiteness * 7 CP 7 CP X6-7 5 G PT CP SD X7 SD SD CP 5 metapsammite, metasemipelite and metapelite quartzite G SD D2 X6 SD Z Z SD SD Appin Group X6 X6 X8 X8 Dalradian Supergroup undivided Z G G X X F G G SD X8 metavolcaniclastic rock A1 G 9 9 X5 Grampian Group ? Scatsta * (including Queyfirth Group, Shetland) X6 SD D1 9 D2 9 G HBF A3 J1 G X7 X SD SD Z G G CP SD CP CP PT X6 X7 SD CP X4 Boundary Zone Complex (Shetland) NORTHERN HIGHLANDS, NORTHERN GRAMPIAN 7 C5-7 X6 D3 7 CP D2 4 G G G X8 4 HIGHLANDS, SHETLAND AND NORTHERN IRELAND G X7 SD N3-4 G G A3 G G X2 X2 SD CP SD CP metapelite PT SD G X6 CP X3 Loch Eil Group G G G SD SD 9 9 NEOPROTEROZOIC X metapsammite metasemipelite G G X7 X7 X7 SD SD 30’ 8 8 PT G J1 44 SD CP SD metapelite Moine Supergroup G 45 X7 CP G X6 D3 SD CP SD metapsammite X1 X7 CP CP SD X8 X SD SD metapsammite Glenfinnan Group (including Moine-like G D1 X7 X7 7 7 3 43N/S G G SD CP 48 3 D3 X2 Dava - Glen Banchor G SD SD 47 metasemipelite J1 CP X SD quartzite G CP G G 49 CP successions) and X SD SD X7 SD SD SD metapelite A3 CP G X X SD SD X CP CP D3 D2 Lough Derg Group NORTHWEST HIGHLANDS SD CP CP 000m9 000m9 G CP CP D1 70 70 metasemipelite Morar Group migmatite X7 05 90 G SD X SD 46 3 1 3 2 3 3 34 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 N3-4 J1 SD X7 D1 X1 D1 000m3 000m3 X1-3 undivided Torridon Group A1 Z SD CP CP C1 metapsammite X7 X CP CP X1 sandstone, breccia and 7 SD X2 G SD CP X SD X7 SD 7 2 J1 CP X CP 2 Long Long mudstone A1 X X CP SD SD X Neoproterozoic, undifferentiated X1 G X8 D1 3° 30’ W 3° 2° 30’ W SD Sleat Group `Torridonian´ X2 X7 SD SD 1000 Tarskavaig and Sleat groups are late X1 X7 X8 SD X8 CP sandstone and mudstone SD X CP Tarskavaig Group Mesoproterozoic or early Neoproterozoic SD X CP X8 SD D1 Y2 G SD SD 1° 30’ Long metapsammite and metapelite SD SD CP CP Stoer Group X CP CP C1 X7 SD CP 0° 00’ 30 MESOPROTEROZOIC Strathy Complex Y3 breccia, conglomerate 7 1 X7 X7 G SD CP CP C2 7 1 Y Y1 SHETLAND X8 CP CP 000m5 and sandstone SD gneiss G SD D1 1600 G G X D3 C1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 Unnamed metamorphic rock 36 G SD 37 X8 SD CP 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Loch Maree Gp and Leverburgh Belt Z2 X X7 X8 HBF SD G SD 38 CP C CP PALAEOPROTEROZOIC Z1 metasedimentary and Pre Caledonian - Caledonian X X7 39 CP C C3-4 CP 2500 Z meta-igneous rocks 35 X7 X X G G X8 SD D1 SD Z G A3 metasedimentary rocks Lewisian Gneiss Complex 7 0 G SD CP D1 7 0 G X G SD X8 CP (designated as Lewisianoid in Shetland 56° G G SD C3-4 CP 41 X CP SD A2 mafic and ultramafic gneiss and to the east of Moine Thrust) F Fault zone rocks, unassigned SD SD C5-7 ARCHAEAN X G CP The red overprint shows the sheet lines of the One Inch and A CP SD X G E1-2 X8 SD CP SD G CP undifferentiated, mainly G SD CP CP 1:50 000 Geological series with the special district sheets accentuated A1 X G X G CP 40 G SD G X7 O1-2 C1 C5-7 C felsic to intermediate gneiss G 6 G X 6 9 X D3 C2 C 9 SD X G CP CP X G CP X G CP G G G G D1 CP CP X7 X7 SD CP CP CP G C D1 D3 CP C X X7 C C1 CP C2 CP Diagram showing British National Grid 100 km squares with IGNEOUS and META-IGNEOUS ROCKS G CP CP X X X D3 CP C C C1 identifying letters (and alternative numbers in brackets) 56° 6 CP 6 8 G CP CP 8 G X8 C1 X7 G CP CP CP C CP 1300 CP CP CP G C CP INTRUSIVE (Plutonic and hypabyssal) EXTRUSIVE (Volcanic) G SD CP C2 27 G CP D3 CP CP CP D3 HL HM HN HO HP JL X7 C3-4 X G CP C2 CP CP G G G 28 CP CP D3 (N02) (N12) (N22) (N32) (N42) (N52) G C C1 G Pyroclastic necks and vents; agglomerate and pyroclastic breccia X X8 C1 30 C2 CP CP X7 X G X8 C2 1200 70000m6 X7 X8 G 6 G X7 29 C5-7 CP 32 7 00000m5 G X C CP CP 31 CP 33 SD HQ HR HS HT HU JQ X CP D3 D1 G Felsic plutons, plugs, sills and dykes; granitic and syenitic rocks G Mafic lava and tuff; basaltic C1 G S1 S1-2 (N01) (N11) (N21) (N31) (N41) (N51) G CP CP CP SD SD C1 D3 SD SD PALAEOGENE PALAEOGENE X X G G CP D3 SD 1100 G G Mafic plutons, plugs, sills and dykes; gabbroic and dioritic rocks G Felsic lava and tuff; rhyolitic and dacitic G CP G C SD SD CP G G G G C C C CP CP C5-7 O5 SD Z S1-2 HV HW HX HY HZ JV X6 G CP SD CP SD S1 D1 D3 X G D3 CP (N00) (N10) (N20) (N30) (N40) (N50) 6 6 G Ultramafic plutons, plugs, sills and dykes; pyroxenite and peridotite 4 9 Z X7 C3-4 D1 CP 34 S1 X G CP D3 G C1 C SD SD 1000 Z Z G D3 CP C2 SD SD CP X6 X7 CP C3-4 CP C2 CP PERMIAN P Mafic lava and tuff; basaltic G P1 NA NB NC ND NE OA CP C1 C C1 SD P G G X8 C C G G C3-4 O3-4 CP (09) (19) (29) (39) (49) (59) X G G SD C CP Pyroclastic necks and vents; agglomerate and pyroclastic breccia Ctf Mafic tuff; basaltic Z 19 X8 C2 C3-4 C C1 C3-4 D1 1/2 X7 X X7 C1 C D3 G D1 C 26 900 6 5 4 G X7 C OS C 8 G O1-2 CP 23 C OS NF NG NH NJ NK OF q G X7 G D1 C2 D1 SD CARBONIFEROUS D1 C C2 C2 CP Felsic plugs, sills and dykes; granitic and syenitic rocks Clv Mafic lava; basaltic X 20 G C2 C SD D1 CP C2 (08) (18) (28) (38) (48) (58) and PERMIAN G D3 CP SD C2 C2 C4 CP CARBONIFEROUS G CP C3-4 C1 X8 CP Kilometres Northing 800 C X6 C2 S1 C3 CP Mafic sills and dykes; gabbroic and dioritic rocks C Felsic lava and tuff; trachytic and rhyolitic 30’ PT G C5-7 C1 D1 24 CP G G SD CP NL NM NN NO NP OL CP G S1-2 25 6 4 X8 G CP (07) (17) (27) (37) (47) (57) 4 7 X8 CP G D3 C3 CP Tholeiitic mafic plugs, sills and dykes; quartz-dolerite and allied types C Mafic lava and tuff; basaltic X8 SD O4 O5 C5-7 G 700 G SD D1 C3-4 C 22 CP D1 S1-2 SD CP 3 CP D3 G C3-4 G SD SD OS CP PT G G C CP C1 SD S1-2 C5-7 50 NR NS NT NU OQ SD Pyroclastic necks and vents; agglomerate and pyroclastic breccia British National Grid P1 C G SD SD 4 (16) (26) (36) (46) (56) P1 G CP C SUF C1 Irish National Grid SD SD C3 D1 C3-4 O3-4 C2 SD Felsic plutons, plugs, sills and dykes; granitic and syenitic rocks SD Felsic lava and tuff; rhyolitic, dacitic and allied types 12 CP G SD C 600 6 3 D3 G G D1 CP LATE SILURIAN LATE SILURIAN and 4 6 X7 D3 SD X P G O4 CP SD 40 NW NX NY NZ OV and DEVONIAN MID DEVONIAN 13 & T2 G SD CP SD SD Mafic plutons, plugs, sills and dykes; gabbroic and dioritic rocks SD SD Mafic lava and tuff; basaltic and andesitic CP SD (15) (25) (35) (45) (55) 30’ X7 G G G CP C P1 D1 G SD SD C2 D1 21 14 C3-4 C1 SD 500 C5-7 D1 SD Ultramafic plutons, plugs, sills and dykes; peridotite, hornblendite, pyroxenite, CP C G C2 CP SC (24) SD (34) SE (44) TA (54) SD CP P P1 SD SD C4 30 serpentinite, picrite C3-4 G G SD CP CP D1 6 2 ARRAN G C C2 SD 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 4 C G CP SD SD G 18 5 X8 CP C3-4 SD X7 17 D3 Kilometres Easting OS Felsic plutons, plugs, sills and dykes; granite O Felsic lava and tuff; rhyolitic and dacitic C1 G 16 OS SD CP X7 SD CP 6 CP D1 C3-4 C5-7 CP O 15 SD G C1 G SD 5 X8 CP C5-7 SD SD S1 D1 SD SD OS Alkaline plutons; syenite and allied types Otf Felsic tuff; rhyolitic and dacitic O SD S1 G CP CP C3-4 SD C1 ORDOVICIAN and SD C3-4 SD SD CP CP CP CP G SD CP 6 1 SILURIAN G SD SD C1 OS OS Mafic plutons, plugs, sills and dykes; gabbroic and dioritic rocks Olv Felsic lava; rhyolitic and dacitic 4 4 O3-4 SD S2 G K6 C SD SD G C2 7 CP X8 D3 CP G D1 SD SD O4 G ORDOVICIAN D1 C Ultramafic plutons, sills and dykes; peridotite, hornblendite, pyroxenite, P G CP C2 O G 8 G O3-5 C1 OS G C2 C3 OS Otf Mafic tuff; basaltic and andesitic J1 SD SD SD S2 G serpentinite, picrite T1 O SD SD G CP C2 CP G S1-2 SD CP K6 X7 C4 SD O4 P J1 G G C5-7 S1 CP D3 G EO Mafic bodies; ophiolitic metagabbro and amphibolite Olv Mafic lava; basaltic and andesitic SD P1 D3 6 0 4 G SD CAMBRIAN and 3 J1 K6 D1 O4 CP G C2 G CP CP C4 ORDOVICIAN G C X7 G SD C3-4 EO G SD OS SD 9 CP 10 EO Ultramafic bodies; ophiolitic metaperidotite, metapyroxenite and serpentinite O Mafic lava and tuff; basaltic and andesitic K6 SD G 8 CP C5 6/12 T1 7 O3-5 O5 P1 CP CP 7 G G SD OS C3-4 C C5-7 G T2 G C 11 CP C3 X Felsic plutons, sills and dykes; granitic and syenitic rocks K6 X7 X7 G G EO SD 5 9 X8 X8 O G SD 4 OS G O3-4 SD SD SD C2 C3 2 13 X C NEOPROTEROZOIC X Mafic plutons, sills and dykes; gabbroic and dioritic rocks NEOPROTEROZOIC X Mafic lava and volcaniclastic rocks 11 G X8 SD G P1 55° G D1 EO SD 10 S2 C1 CP X X T1 8 SD G K6 SD 14 P1 SD SD CP C C G Ultramafic plutons, sills and dykes; peridotite, hornblendite, pyroxenite, G O4 X G 9 CP serpentinite, picrite K6 G C 12 X8 C1 C4 G PT SD C CP G 5 8 OS SD Z Felsic plutons, sills and dykes; granitic and syenitic rocks 4 1 G T2 G G C6 13 T1 O5 G OS P3 C1 14 G J1 O4 OS OS C C7 C2 G 15 Anorthosite plutons SD C2 CP G PALAEOPROTEROZOIC Z PALAEOPROTEROZOIC Z Mafic lava and volcaniclastic rocks X T1 G P1 SD C6 Z X C2 Z X8 X T2 K6 SOUTHERN UPLAND FAULT (SUF) G SD C1 SD C1 P1 P1 X7 SD 11 C3 C7 G Z Mafic plutons, sills and dykes; gabbroic and dioritic rocks X7 X7 T1 5 7 17 G J1 OS P3 55° 4 X X7 S1 P1 CP G 0 C5-7 G SD O4 SD X7 18 X C2 C4 G X X X 19 G T2 OS 17 P3 CP C5 X7 G P1 Geological boundary, bedrock ABBREVIATIONS G OS SD T2 CP G 21 O4 SD S1 OS C5 X J1 SD 6 O4 5 SD C1 C5 P2 5 6 Fault at rockhead Gp(s) Group(s) X X7 C1 T1 20 G P1 SD C7 3 9 X7 K6 G K6 SD 18 20 C7 X7 G 4 SD CP G O4 Sense of relative movement on strike-slip fault Fm(s) Formation(s) X X7 G C2 21 25 C1 X SD OS SD SD J1 19 C2 C3 SD T2 CP Thrust fault, barbs on hanging wall side 24 X7 C4 G C1 X7 X8 26 SD O5 SD SOLWAY WEST SOLWAY EAST K6 G OS P3 X7 X SD P1 5 5 X7 X X X G SD SD SD C3 3 G SD P3 8 X7 X7 SD O C2 P3 X7 X7 OS G 27 J1 S1 C5 X X OS 3 T1 G X8 G X K6 SD S1 S2 C1 P3 C6 G G SD C5 OS X1-3 G G SD P3 C7 P1 X8 X D1 K6 G 28 C4 25 C1 X X1-3 29 22 C6 26 THE MAP G O4-5 SD G O T1 K6 T2 SD 54 The 1:625 000 scale map shows the distribution of the different bedrock units as they would would be duplicated, well-established alternatives are used, for example K for Cretaceous G J1 C3 C5 24 CP 3 C1 OS SD C5 C2 CP CP 27 7 OS Otf CP appear if the partial cover of superficial sediments, deposited by glaciers and rivers during and E for Cambrian. The oldest rocks are indicated with A for the Archaean, and X, Y and Z OS T1 Clv G C2 G G C1 G S1 C4 OS C1 C5 OS G SD G Olv OS the last two million years or so, were removed. The bedrock geology shown is a are adopted here for Neoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Palaeoproterozoic respectively. 32 C3 RHINS OF C4 C4 S1 T2 P2 2 C5 OS T1 G O4-5 Clv OS C6 generalization compiled from the digital geological map data at 1: 50 000 scale for England, A two-letter map code such as CP indicates a range of more than one time period, in this X7 C4 C5 OS P1 G SD SD C7 C6 C3 CP C4 G O4-5 OS GALLOWAY G SD P1 C2 P2 Wales and Scotland and 1:250 000 scale for Northern Ireland. This, in turn, is generalized instance Carboniferous to Permian, but where a small part of the geological unit lies in an O1-3 Otf CP 30’ X1-3 34 P2 OS 23 Olv G T2 5 C5 G OS SD P3 O 3 from more detailed geological map interpretations, mostly at 1:10 000 scale, and based on adjacent period then only the dominant age is given. Within each geological period rocks are G T1 C6 3 6 33 G G OS OS O1-3 P3 CP surface observations and records of rock exposures, man-made excavations and boreholes, numbered sequentially upwards so that rocks of the same or similar age have the same C5 35 36 T1 G P1 O O1-3 G D2 C2 CP G P2 P2 C4 O1-3 OS combined as necessary with information derived from aerial photography, satellite imagery, number. In some periods the numbering is based on the chronostratigraphy; for example, D1 C4 OS D3 34 K6 G P1 C5 C4 S1-2 C3 P3 geophysics and geochemistry. subdivision of the Devonian is three-fold with D1, D2 and D3 broadly equivalent to the three G P1 S1 C6 37 28 O1-3 Olv C3 1 C8 Otf Olv epochs (Early, Mid and Late). In contrast the Silurian is numbered S1 to S4 based on the G K6 SD Olv C4 CP CP C2 Olv O1-3 Otf 30 O C3 5 2 principal lithostratigraphical units. In practice these numbers can only show approximate G G G P1 OS 29 Otf O1-3 INDEX AND EXPLANATION 3 5 OS Otf 31 32 C2 C8 OS C2 33 Age and Scale Approximate age in millions of years is given down the left-hand side equivalence at this scale, and are not intended to give a definitive chronostratigraphy. D2 C2 OS OS T2 OS P3 OS OS Olv C4 G K6 Olv C3 C4 G together with the names of the eras, periods and epochs. The scale is not true either in terms O4-5 OS Olv OS Otf OS T1 SD OS C4 30’ Unit names Each tablet on the key for Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks is labelled C4 T1 OS G SD P1 OS Otf Olv O4 of time or thickness but illustrates only a general sequence of superposition. G O4 Otf with the name(s) of the most important lithostratigraphical unit(s) in bold; but the list is not O4 SD O4 OS T2 J4 45 G G SD P3 C5 46 G G Olv Otf 5 1 exhaustive. Where space permits the main lithologies in each unit are described. C2 SD Olv Olv OS Otf OS Otf OS SD Sedimentary and and metamorphic rocks 34 G 47 O4 OS C1 C2 C3 T1 G OS G OS T1 The map key has been constructed so that the most complete sequence of sedimentary and S1 G SD P1 Otf Otf J1 Lithological variants In addition to the rectangular tablets there are a number of C2 C3 SD T2 Otf OS Otf C4 41 J1 J1 metamorphic strata is shown down the left hand side, essentially as a set of coloured tablets. S1-2 P1 P2 SD T1 SD OS Olv S1-3 G wedge-shaped inserts. These depict thinner interbeds or lenses of a different lithology to the C4 OS G S1 49 SD 39 Where appropriate, additional tablets are placed in subsidiary columns to the right to show 43/44/56 48/60 OS P3 Otf OS O5 main unit. They can usually be identified on the map by their distinctive colour, for example G G SD S1 37 OS OS O4 40 C4 42 43 significant regional variation. The main categories of rocks on the map face are identified in O4-5 SD OS Otf Otf J2-3 5 0 most limestones are blue. G SD P1 Olv SD C2 S3 3 3 G Otf J1 35 & 44 the key tablets using a combination of colour and a map code. G OS G S1-3 C4 G SD S1 OS OS SD O5 38 SD J4 J4 G Otf OS Igneous and meta-igneous rocks G SD O4 OS C4 Colour Where possible, the colours used in the previous edition of the map have been G OS OS CP S1-3 C1 Intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks have a separate key. For the extrusive rocks each 57 OS G OS OS C4 retained, for example green for Chalk. However, the colour of some units has been changed G Otf C1 C4 J2-3 G G G OS lithology is assigned a colour regardless of age; for the intrusive rocks variants of a colour C4 G Otf OS J5 4 in order to reflect our improved understanding of the geology. G OS Olv SD S1-3 9 C2 O1-3 OS Olv SD J4 are used for different ages where required. They are labelled with an upper case italic letter 3 2 SD G SD OS OS S3 S3-4 J5 Where equivalent rocks in different regions have a similar lithology, but different OS C2 (or letters) indicating their age but no numbers are required. In addition, units that are SD G S1 SD T1 C2 J6 nomenclature, they are given the same colour and number in the columns that show the G O1-3 C4 J4 G OS 48 S3 C3 P3 predominantly tuff or lava are labelled tf or lv respectively while tuffs and lavas combined are SD S1 D1 OS S1-3 regional variation. For example, similar Caradoc rocks form part of the Leadhills Supergroup 59/70 G G OS 49 C4 not labelled. G SD G G D3 P2 in Scotland and the Borrowdale Volcanic Group in the Lake District and both are labelled O4. S1-3 47 O1-3 C4 P3 G OS OS 50 53 54 Equivalent rocks of different lithology have the same number but a different colour, for SD G P3 C4 51 J6 4 8 G S1 OS J6 K2-3 3 G SD C1 example C4 is used for the sandstone-dominated Millstone Grit and the Stainmore THE CROSS-SECTION 1 G G C1 C5 52 J5 K4 S1 G G C2 C2 K2-3 Scale 1:625 000 G OS C2 C4 O1-3 P2 Formation of more varied lithology. The cross-section shows how the strata that appear on the map are interpreted at depth. G O1-3 O5 C3 C3 J4 Lat SD G P1 P1 C3 C3 K5 G OS CP The horizontal scale is the same as the map face but the vertical scale has been increased 54° 00’ N kilometres S1 SD O1-3 C5 J2-3 J5 G G C4 C5-8 O5 C4 Map code The code consists, typically, of an upper case letter followed by a number, for (x 2) for clarity and this exaggerates the depicted dip of the strata: use the dipmeter to the 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 OS C3 60/71 G G T1 S1-3 4 7 example S3. The letter prefix is the initial letter of the particular period of geological time in right of the section to convert the exaggerated dip to actual dip along the section. MOURNE OS C2 S2 C2 T1 SD CP C1 C4 K6 the Earth’s history. Thus, C is used for Carboniferous and J for Jurassic, but where letters 5 0 10 20 30 C2 G J5 00000m3 MOUNTAINS O1-3 G OS P3 P2 miles C3 58 59 C5 J6 OS C2 C3 61 P3 J1 63 64 OS 62 ISLE OF MAN P3 G 55 & 65 T2 C4 60 T2 C3 C3 C3 T1 C5 P1 C3 000m4

3 60 1 Your use of any information provided by the British Geological Survey (BGS) is at your own risk. Neither BGS nor the Natural Environment Research Council gives any warranty, condition or 30 00 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 70 90 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Lat 000m5 000m2 000m 000m representation as to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the information or its suitability for any use or purpose. All implied conditions relating to the quality or suitability of the information, LINE OF SECTION 54° 00’ N and all liabilities arising from the supply of the information (including any liability arising in negligence) are excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law. Long 8° 00’ W 30’ 7° 30’ 6° 30’ 5° 30’ 4° 30’ 3° 30’ 2° 30’ 1° 30’ Long 0° 00’

DIPMETER CROSS-SECTION SHOWING THE GENERAL RELATIONSHIPS OF BEDROCK ALONG THE LINE DRAWN ON THE MAP 10° Horizontal scale 1:625 000 Vertical exaggeration x 2 20°

30° [1192 9525] [2080 9432] [2335 9135] [2984 7990] [3100 7365] [3943 6195] [4455 5193] [5148 4600] 45° HIGHLAND STRATHMORE BASIN FIFE-MIDLOTHIAN BASIN SOUTHERN UPLANDS NORTHUMBERLAND STAINMORE MOINE SUPERGROUP DALRADIAN SUPERGROUP BOUNDARY ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX TROUGH ALSTON BLOCK TROUGH VALE OF CLEVELAND BASIN metres NORTH MINCH SGURR BEAG HELMSDALE GREAT GLEN SRONLAIRIG ERICHT-LAIDON LOCH TAY DUNBAR- NINETY metres FAULT STRATHMORE LEVEN CROSSGATEHALL FAULT GIFFORD LAMMERMUIR ACKLINGTON FATHOM HETT BUTTERKNOWLE CLEVELAND PICKERING 2500 BASIN MOINE THRUST LOCH AILSH THRUST FAULT FAULT ZONE FAULT FAULT Ben Macdui FAULT SIDLAW 2500 MINCH ZONE PLUTON TAY NAPPE ZONE SYNCLINE ANTICLINE SYNCLINE (SOUTHERN UPLAND FAULT) FAULT FAULT DYKE FAULT DYKE FAULT DYKE FAULT Cheviot Hills Isle of Lewis F PT DYKE OS D2 F i r t h o f F o r t h C2 North York Moors X SD D3 C1 D1 D3 C5-7 C2 C CP D3 C C1 SD SD C2 C4 C5 C5-6 P2 C6 C5 C4 P3 T1 T2 J2-3 J1 J2-3 J4 J5 J6 K2-3 K6 OD OUTER IS OD JURASSIC CARN D2 X6 A1 X1 CHUINNEAG X5 C3-4 C1 C1 X1 X3 SD SD CP D3 D1 C3 A1 PLUTON D1 X1-3 OS SD D1 C1 D3 C2 P2 LES PERMO-TRIASSIC E3 SD X7 C3 -2500 X X8 SD D1-3 C2 C1 TOURNAISIAN - VISEAN C4 T2 -2500 THRUST X2 MOY SD X8 SD C2 T1 Z E1-2 X1 MONADHLIATH D1 D1 P2 PLUTON X6 S1 C1 TORRIDONIAN Z PLUTON X7 OS DEFORMED SCOURIE SCOURIE DYKE CAIRNGORM PLUTON CP O4-5 -5000 FINDHORN S1 CHEVIOT PLUTON -5000 DYKES SWARM F PLUTON LOWER PALAEOZOIC D1-3 Z X5 (ORDOVICIAN-SILURIAN) A1 SD LOWER PALAEOZOIC Z Z SD LOWER PALAEOZOIC -7500 ? TWEEDDALE ? NORTH PENNINE BATHOLITH ? -7500 PLUTON ? G CP G LEWISIAN GNEISS COMPLEX -10000 X1-3 TUS SUTURE -10000 A1 F IAPE PROTEROZOIC CRYSTALLINE MIDLAND VALLEY PROTEROZOIC CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT TION O LOWER PALAEOZOIC A1 MAGNETIC BASEMENT PROTEROZOIC MAGNETIC BASEMENT SOUTHERN UPLANDS PROTEROZOIC CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT TE POSI -12500 -12500 XIMA PROTEROZOIC CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT L A U R E N T I A N B A S E M E N T L A U R E N T I A N B A S E M E N T L A U R E N T I A N B A S E M E N T APPROX A V A L O N I A N B A S E M E N T -15000 -15000

PDF licensed for publication for non commercial use by the Journal of Maps 2009 ISBN 9780751835021 BGS printed map including topography 6° 30’ 5° 30’ 4° 30’ 3° 30’ 2° 30’ 1° 30’ 0° 30 70 000m3 000m 000m3 000m THE MAP 34 3 5 3 6 19 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 24 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 34 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 540000m The 1:625 000 scale map shows the distribution of the different bedrock units as they would would be duplicated, well-established alternatives are used, for example K for Cretaceous T1 C5 C3 C2 C5 CP 29 22 C1 CP 25 CP 27 Otf P1 G CP 26 appear if the partial cover of superficial sediments, deposited by glaciers and rivers during and E for Cambrian. The oldest rocks found in England and Wales are Neoproterozoic (X). 28 C4 Clv OS C1 C5 80000m3 Olv OS the last two million years or so, were removed. The bedrock geology shown is a Older rocks (Archaean) occur in Scotland and elsewhere. A two-letter map code such as CP RHINS OF C4 C4 2 Clv OS 24 T1 OS C3 CP C6 generalization compiled from the digital geological map data at 1: 50 000 scale for England, indicates a range of more than one time period, in this instance Carboniferous to Permian, GALLOWAY C7 C6 C3 C4 P2 O1-3 SD P1 C2 Wales and Scotland. This, in turn, is generalised from more detailed geological map but where a small part of the geological unit lies in an adjacent period then only the dominant 23 Olv Otf CP OS P3 O G T2 5 3 interpretations, mostly at 1:10 000 scale, and based on surface observations and records of age is given. Within each geological period rocks are numbered sequentially upwards so that C6 OS OS O1-3 P3 CP rock exposures, man-made excavations and boreholes, combined as necessary with rocks of the same or similar age have the same number. In some periods the numbering is P1 O O1-3 3 C2 CP G 1:625 000 Scale 7 C4 O1-3 OS information derived from aerial photography, satellite imagery, geophysics and based on the chronostratigraphy; for example, subdivision of the Silurian rocks, is four-fold 1 OS D3 CP 34 C5 C4 S1-2 C3 P3 geochemistry. with S1, S2, S3 and S4 broadly equivalent to the four epochs (Llandovery, Wenlock, Ludlow 36 37 FOR GEOLOGY OF NORTHERN IRELAND, 28 C6 O1-3 C8 Otf Olv Olv and Pridoli). In contrast the Jurassic is numbered J1 to J7 based on the principal MULL OF GALLOWAY AND BURROW HEAD Olv C4 CP Lat 29 Olv O1-3 Otf 30 O 5 2 lithostratigraphical units. In practice these numbers can only show approximate equivalence 54° 30’ N SEE BEDROCK GEOLOGY UK NORTH SHEET OS Otf O1-3 INDEX AND EXPLANATION OS Otf C2 31 32 BEDROCK GEOLOGY UK SOUTH C8 P1 OS 33 Age and scale The approximate age in millions of years is given down the left-hand side, at this scale, and are not intended to give a definitive chronostratigraphy. P3 OS 3 6 OS OS Olv C5 C4 OS Olv OS Otf OS Olv C3 G Lat together with the names of the eras, periods and epochs. The scale is not true either in terms OS Unit names Each tablet on the key for Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks is labelled with P1 Otf Olv O4 C4 35 54° 30’ N of time or thickness but illustrates only a general sequence of superposition. OS O4 OS Otf J4 the name(s) of the most important lithostratigraphical unit(s) in bold; but the list is not 48/60 O4 OS O4 P3 T2 (South of National Grid Line 540 km N) Olv Otf 5 1 exhaustive. Where space permits, the main lithologies in each unit are described. Olv Olv OS Otf OS Otf OS SD Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks O4 OS C1 C2 C3 T1 G OS T1 The map key has been constructed so that the most complete sequence of sedimentary and 3 5 49 P1 Otf Otf J1 Lithological variants In addition to the rectangular tablets there are a number of T2 Otf 41 Otf C4 J1 J1 5th EDITION metamorphic strata is shown down the left hand side, essentially as a set of coloured tablets. T1 OS OS Olv S1-3 G wedge-shaped inserts. These depict thinner interbeds or lenses of a different lithology to the 38OS Where appropriate, additional tablets are placed in subsidiary columns to the right to show P3 Otf O5 S3 main unit. They can usually be identified on the map by their distinctive colour, for example 37 OS 39 OS O4 40 C4 42 43 significant regional variation. The main categories of rocks on the map face are identified in OS Otf Otf J2-3 5 0 most limestones are blue. P1 Olv Otf OS C2 Geological interpretation and map compilation by R Addison and J D Floyd. The copyright of materials derived from the British Geological the key tablets using a combination of colour and a map code. J1 35 & 44 d S1-3 Geological cross-sections compiled by A G Leslie. Survey’s work is vested in the Natural Environment Research d 34 O5 J4 J4 Otf Deep geological information supplied by T C Pharaoh. Council (NERC). No part of these materials may be reproduced O4 OS C4 Colour Where possible, the colours used in the previous edition of the map have been Igneous rocks OS CP S1-3 C1 OS OS G OS OS Data preparation by A H Myers and P Turner. Digital cartography by I L Cooke and J W Arbon. or transmitted in any form (analogue or digital) or by any means, Intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks have a separate key. For the extrusive rocks each Otf S3-4 C4 C4 retained, for example green for Chalk. However, the colour of some units has been changed OS J2-3 J5 A Smith, Project Manager, Digital Geological Map of Great Britain. or stored in a retrieval system of any nature, without the prior lithology is assigned a colour regardless of age; for the intrusive rocks, variants of a colour OS G Otf OS 4 9 in order to reflect our improved understanding of the geology. Olv OS OS S1-3 J4 O1-3 OS C2 J5 P J Strange, Programme Manager. permission of the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Manager Where equivalent rocks in different regions have a similar lithology but different are used for different ages where required. They are labelled with an upper case italic letter SD OS OS S3 SD T1 S1-3 S3 C2 M K Lee, Director of Geology and Resources. (British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, (or letters) indicating their age but no numbers are required. In addition, units that are 3 3 O1-3 C2 C4 J6 nomenclature is used, they are given the same colour and number in the columns that show OS 48 C3 J4 Published 2007. John N Ludden, PhD. Executive Director, British Geological Survey. Nottingham, NG12 5GG. Telephone 0115 936 3381). www.bgs.ac.uk Irish National Gri P3 predominantly tuff or lava are labelled tf or lv respectively while tuffs and lavas combined are D1 OS S1-3 the regional variation. For example, similar Caradoc rocks form part of the Ogwen Group in 60/71 British National Gri OS 49 C4 52 not labelled. P2 Coastline © HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 2005. www.collinsmaps.com BGS © NERC 2009. All rights reserved. Wales and the Borrowdale Volcanic Group in the Lake District, both are labelled O4. S1-3 47 O1-3 D3 50 C4 P3 OS OS 53 54 G P3 51 K2-3 J6 4 8 Equivalent rocks but of different lithology have the same number but a different colour, for OS C1 J6 SD J5 example, C4 is used for the sandstone-dominated Millstone Grit and the Stainmore THE CROSS-SECTIONS O1-3 C2 C2 C5 K4 K2-3 3 OS C2 C4 O1-3 P2 Formation which has a more varied lithology. The cross-sections show how the strata that appear on the map are interpreted at depth. 2 O5 C3 C3 J4 P1 P1 C3 C3 K5 OS CP 30’ 1° 30’ Long The horizontal scale is the same as the map face but the vertical scale has been increased SD O1-3 C5 J2-3 J5 C4 C5-8 2° 00’ E 70 Map code The code consists, typically, of an upper case letter followed by a number, for ( x 2) for clarity and this exaggerates the depicted dip of the strata: use the dipmeter to the O5 C4 OS C3 000m6 G G T1 S1-3 4 7 example S3. The letter prefix is the initial letter of the particular period of geological time in left of the section to convert the exaggerated dip to actual dip. MOURNE OS C2 S2 C2 T1 CP C1 54 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 0 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 the Earth’s history. Thus, C is used for Carboniferous and J for Jurassic but where letters G J5 MOUNTAINS O1-3 G OS P3 P2 10000m3 C3 C5 J6 OS C2 C3 P3 J1 OS 54° 54° ISLE OF MAN P3 G T2 C4 60 C3 C3 T1 62 58 P1 59 C3 60000m4 63 64 4 6 C3 61 C5 T2 55 & 65

C3 C3 P3 INDEX AND EXPLANATION C3 C3 C4 C3 4 5 67 45 T1 C4 SEDIMENTARY and METAMORPHIC ROCKS C3 K6 68 69 70 T1 72 66 P1 71 73 ERA PERIOD EPOCH/AGE REGIONAL VARIATIONS 4 4 4 4 P2 T2 P3 P3 Million Pliocene to Pleistocene N2 Red Crag, Norwich Crag and Wroxham Crag shelly sand, clay and gravel Years NEOGENE N Miocene to Coralline Crag, St Erth, St Agnes, Lenham and Brassington fms, Crousa Gravels N1 gravel, sand, silt and clay 23 Pliocene SOUTH WEST 4 3 C5 4 3 Oligocene G5 silt, sand and shelly clay G5 Bovey Formation and Solent Group Polcrebo Gravels G4 Bracklesham and Barton gps, Bagshot Formation sand, silt and clay 77 K5 74 75 78 80 CENOZOIC Eocene 76 PALAEOGENE G3 Thames Gp (Harwich and London Clay fms) silty clay and sandy clay 4 2 C4 81 4 2 G 79 G2 Lambeth Gp (Upnor, Woolwich and Reading fms) sand and clay, pebbly, shelly T2 C5 P3 C6 Paleocene G1 Thanet Sand Formation fine sand 65 4 1 C7 4 1 K6 White Chalk Subgroup chalk with flints 30’ 85 P2 30’ Chalk Group T1 C5 K6 K5 Grey Chalk Subgroup and Hunstanton Fm locally clayey chalk NORTH YORKSHIRE 86 83 84 C6 C4 K4 mudstone and sandstone K4 Hunstanton Formation C7 88 89 Gault and Upper Greensand formations red chalk LINE OF SECTION 1 T1 87 K5 4 0 T1 90 4 0 CRETACEOUS K3 Lower Greensand Group and Woburn Sand sandstone C5 P3 C8 C7 T2 K Speeton Clay Formation T1 K2-3 mudstone Etf K3 K2 Wealden Group mudstone with limestone C8 C7 J1 X E3-O1 ANGLESEY C8 P1 siltstone and sandstone J2 K2 3 9 OS X K5 3 9 S X T2 K5 K1 Purbeck Group limestone, mudstone and evaporites Etf D1 T1 J3 145 OS 99 K3 C2 C8 101 K2 OS O2-3 C1 C5 C3 P3 K2 J7 Portland Group limestone, dolomitic sandstone, some mudstone Elv 95 C4 J4 104 C2 94 C5 C3 96 98 100 J6 K6 O1-3 97 J6 West Walton, Ampthill Clay and Kimmeridge Clay fms E3-O1 C5 K6 MESOZOIC Late Jurassic mudstone and muddy limestone 3 8 G X C2 CP 3 8 X Elv OS C1 Clv OS Elv O2-3 S2 102 103 J5 Corallian Group limestone, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone OS NORTHERN ENGLAND E3-O1 Olv C8 P1 Etf OS OS J4 Kellaways and Oxford Clay fms mudstone, locally sandy J4 Osgodby and Oxford Clay fms G X G 106 C2 CP JURASSIC mudstone and sandstone C1 C2 T2 CP Ctf J G X OS Otf Elv G X O5 Clv C5 G P2 J3 Great Oolite Group limestone, some mudstone and sandstone 3 7 C4 C8 O3 S3 3 7 Mid Jurassic E1 Clv J2-3 Dogger Fm and Ravenscar Group C5 E1 O P4 sandstone, siltstone and mudstone E3-O1 C2 Xtf O C3 J2 Inferior Oolite Group limestone with sandstone and mudstone OS OS P1 C4 112 105 O 110 115 K5 OS 107 109 111 C2 C2 113 116 Elv X OS K2 200 Early Jurassic J1 Lias Group mudstone and limestone C8 OS S2 108 OS P1 CP Ctf E3 P1 114 3 6 O5 C4 3 6 T2 Mercia Mudstone and Penarth groups mudstone with siltstone and evaporite E1 O4 Otf T1 C5 Clv K2 K3 E3 N1 TRIASSIC Xtf T1 C8 T T1 Sherwood Sandstone Group E1 C3 N1 251 OS OS OS S2 C1 S3 Ctf P4 Lenton Sandstone Formation Otf C6 C7 C3 T1 53° 53° O5 S1 C2 C6 C3 Edlington, Roxby, Eden and St Bees Shales fms Zechstein and 118 OS Otf C5 T2 P3 3 5 O5 3 5 mudstone Cumbrian Coast gps OS Otf Otf 119 C3 PERMIAN Cadeby and Brotherton fms O3 C8 124 126 130 P2 C5 T1 131 P dolostone and dolomitic limestone OS Otf S3 121 C4 C5 127 OS OS Otf C1 122 123 C6 128 K5 P1 Exeter Gp, Appleby Gp and Kinnerton and Bridgnorth sst fms 120 S2 T1 299 Elv O4 O1 S2 C8 C8 OS OS ?Stephanian C8 Warwickshire Group sandstone, siltstone and mudstone 34 O5 125 P3 K2 34 O5 OS T1 C8 C8 Halesowen Fm coal-bearing mudstone, siltstone and sandstone SOUTH WEST J1 OS OS 129 132 & 148 Pennant Sandstone Formation E3-O1 C7 Olv O4 Otf C7 OS OS Upper Coal Measures O OS OS C5-8 Holsworthy Group E2 OS Otf J3 K2 Westphalian Pennine and South Wales Coal Measures groups 135 OS E3 C6 Middle Coal Measures C5-7 mudstone, siltstone and Elv O5 coal-bearing mudstone, siltstone and sandstone 3 3 X OS E1 O4 T2 C3 K3 3 3 sandstone OS E1 Otf 133 O2 Otf 140 142 J2 C5 Lower Coal Measures NORTHERN ENGLAND O3 144 CARBONIFEROUS 134 136 C8 C4 143 J4 147 Yoredale Gp Olv C2 138 P1 C4 K6 N2 C Stainmore Fm OS G5 E1 OS T1 J1 145 C4 Millstone Grit Group mudstone, siltstone and sandstone C4 mudstone, Culm Supergroup X E1 OS 139 T1 Namurian mainly sandstone E3 Otf OS P1 141 146 siltstone, OS G C3 E2 E1 137 K6 C3 Bowland High and Craven gps sandstone C3 Alston Fm Teign Valley Group 3 S2 C5 3 calcareous mudstone and siltstone with limestone and limestone 2 Otf T1 C6 X 2 Visean C1-4 mudstone, sandstone, OS O S2 C8 T2 X C2 Carboniferous Limestone gps limestone and chert S2 C4 Otf T1 X O C7 Xtf X J6 K4 Tournaisian Basal Carboniferous rocks X E1 OS 359 C1 Ravenstonedale Gp, Marsett Fm sandstone, limestone and mudstone OS OS T1 C6 X X K2 sandstone 152 153 T1 P1 X Tintern Sandstone Fm and Upper Old Red Sst Gp 3 1 O2 150 157 3 1 Late Devonian D3 olistostrome Torbay, Tamar and O1 O4 O5 E1 X C5 X J6 161 Mell Fell Conglomerate sandstone and conglomerate D3 S3 E1 X 154 155 158 limestone Gramscatho groups OS X 156 159 mudstone and slate with O X C8 162 limestone Otf S3 151 P1 Clv C1 C6 C6 DEVONIAN Mid Devonian D2 limestone and sandstone 149 C8 P1 K3 160 G5 O5 O1 Xtf O1 CP T1 G3 D sandstone C5 SOUTH WEST Dartmouth and S1 S2 O4 S1 C5 T2 sandstone 3 0 O3 P1 C8 J3 3 0 Brownstones Fm, Peel Gp hornblende Meadfoot groups O2 S2 O1 Early Devonian D limestone X X S2 O1 OS D1 St Maughans Fm Lower Old Red Sst Gp schist D1 mudstone and siltstone with S3 30’ PALAEOZOIC 30’ S2 O4 S3 416 ? Devonian limestone and sandstone S2 Otf Xlv S4 E2 mudstone and sandstone D mica schist 164 OS E3 S4 Downton Subgroup LAKE DISTRICT S1 P1 D3 Xtf Pridoli O5 X S2 OS Downton Castle Sst Fm Kirkby Moor Formation Otf X S3-4 sandstone and siltstone OS O4 E3 K4 Aymestry Limestone Fm ? Lower 2 9 S2 166 2 9 Ludlow ES gneiss Coniston Gp CP 168 S3 Ludlow Shales mudstone, siltstone and sandstone S3 163 O5 C6 167 C6 170 Palaeozoic wacke Windermere O5 165 S3 C5 K5 174 SILURIAN Much Wenlock Limestone Fm D1 169 173 S Supergroup CP C6 C8 172 K6 175 176 Wenlock S2 Coalbrookdale and Builth Mudstone fms mudstone, siltstone and sandstone S4 P1 Denbigh Grits and Penstrowed Grits fms S1-3 mudstone and wacke (including C8 C8 N2 Dalby Gp, S4 D1 D3 CP 171 Aberystwyth Grits and Cwmystwyth Grits gps C2 C8 C8 T2 T1 Llandovery S1 Isle of Man) 2 8 C4 CP S4 2 8 444 Claerwen Group, Cwmere Fm mudstone, siltstone and wacke D1 K3 Dent Gp S1 S3 S4 Abercorris Group, Nantmel and Conwy Mudstone fms C5 CP Ashgill O5 O5 S2 D1 T1 O2 mudstone and wacke mudstone and sandstone 178 C6 185 J4 K3 Ceiswyn, Harnage, Nod Glas fms Borrowdale Volcanic Gp K4 Caradoc O4 O4 179 S3 S3 mudstone and wacke sedimentary rocks S2 C4 S2 C8 D1 J3 Aber Mawr Shale, Camnant Mudstone and Llanfawr fms Buttermere and 2 7 S2 183 2 7 Llanvirn O3 OS 180 181 mudstone and siltstone Ogwen Gp Bitter Beck fms O1 182 ORDOVICIAN O1-3 189 O Mytton Flags, Penmaen Dewi and Allt Llwyd fms mudstone and siltstone, Skiddaw Gp 177 O4 S4 S3 186 190 191 Arenig O2 S1 S3 CP 187 sandstone and mudstone in part olistostrome (including S1 S3 184 EAST AND WEST MIDLANDS Loweswater and Manx and S1 O5 188 O1 Dol-cyn-afon Fm mudstone and siltstone Watch Hill fms Ingleton gps) S2 Tremadoc Otf X O1 Merevale and Shineton shale fms wacke 2 6 O3 2 6 488 Gwna, New Harbour and Holy Island gps mudstone and siltstone N2 E3-O1 K6 olistostrome and mudstone X S1 OS D1 Late Cambrian Mawddach Group, Lingula Flags E3 Outwoods Shale Fm 196 S1 E3 mudstone and siltstone Stockingford S3 mudstone, siltstone, wacke S2 J2 207 Shale Group N1 CAMBRIAN Harlech Grits, Caerfai, Menevian Mancetter and 195 Otf S1 Mid Cambrian E2 E2 193 OS 205 N2 and Solva groups Purley shale fms 2 5 204 2 5 E Otf S2 199 201 203 E1 mudstone, sandstone / wacke 197 K6 Early Cambrian E1 Brand Group and Hartshill Sandstone Fm O4 O5 O4 198 200 G2 N2 542 E1 Llanberis Slates Fm S4 J1 206 194 S1 X K4 K5 Central Anglesey and Berw shear zones Longmyndian and Charnian supergroups G1 208 & 225 X hornblende and glaucophane schist X mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate J3 Otf S2 202 52° NEOPROTEROZOIC 52° T2 2 Olv 2 X X Coedana and Sarn complexes, Lleyn Shear Zone X Rushton Schists 4 4 OS Xtf J2 1000 mixed metamorphic rocks including gneiss and schist X O2 OS OS Otf S1 S1 S4 S1 S2 S2 209 LS2 213 S2 O1 O3 S3 S1 Otf P1 T1 J2 K3 E3 C8 OS 211 D1 S3 G2 OS O4 S1 216 G2 2 OS 212 215 2 3 Otf OS S4 3 Otf T1 217 219 221 Xtf O3 O5 214 220 O2 X E3 J3 N2 224 X D1 D1 J6 K6 222 IGNEOUS ROCKS X Otf E1 J7 X Xtf 210 O3 223 G3 E2 Olv O4 J4 E1 O Otf D1 D3 D1 J7 N2 Otf K1 OS O3 E2 OS Xtf C4 218 O2 O3 D3 S1 S3 INTRUSIVE (Plutonic and hypabyssal) EXTRUSIVE (Volcanic) 2 2 C6 O5 O4 2 2 O1 232 C5 K4 G2 G2 G2 O3 G1 G Felsic plutons; granite S1 O3 S2 X O5 E3 E1 K2 K2 PALAEOGENE 227 & 226 S4 Xtf C4 C2 D3 K5 G3 C5 O4 C5 234 G G Mafic sills and dykes; gabbroic and dioritic rocks S G2 X 228 231 D1 S4 J2 2 1 S4 S4 C2 233 235 K3 240 2 1 Xlv S3 C6 C7 K2 238 241 Xlv C4 D1 C5 J7 242 S1 S2 S4 C6 C2 C6 C2 J1 237 K1 CRETACEOUS K Mafic neck; trachytic 230 S4 236 239 C2 S3 K D1 G2 S4 229 G4 C2 S2 D1 K3 Plv Felsic lava; rhyolitic D3 D1 S4 K2 D1 G4 PERMIAN 2 S3 C7 D1 G4 2 0 D3 J7 G4 0 CP Felsic plutons, sills and dykes; mainly granite and rhyolite P Plv Mafic lava; basaltic O3 S3 S2 O1 G4 S4 C2 249 S3 J5 255 C2 C4 D3 250 K3 PERMIAN and CP S4 D1 T2 S CP Mafic sills and dykes; gabbroic and dioritic rocks; lamprophyre Ctf Mafic tuff; basaltic S2 258 & 259 CARBONIFEROUS 244 245 J6 G4 246 C4 T1 C5 C6 S1 251 K3 254 256 CP Tholeiitic mafic sills and dykes; quartz-dolerite and allied types CARBONIFEROUS Clv Mafic lava; basaltic 19 S4 C2 252 257 19 C 248 K4 253 C5 J3 J4 K5 K6 G2 G4 G4 C Mafic lava and tuff; basaltic C4 INNER THAMES 30’ 30’ 247 C5 C6 T2 G2 T2 J1 G2 G3 ESTUARY C7 G2 Dtf Mafic tuff; basaltic and andesitic BRISTOL 18 T1 18 D1 264 J6 G1 D Mafic sills and dykes; gabbroic and dioritic rocks; lamprophyre DEVONIAN Dlv Mafic lava; basaltic C2 S2 S3 G2 272 D T2 D3 D1 265 271 DEVONIAN K5 K6 G3 274 Ultramafic sills and dykes; peridotite, pyroxenite, hornblendite, C6 269 D D D Mafic lava and tuff; basaltic T1 J2 267 serpentinite and picrite G4 T1 263 D3 C7 266 270 273 Felsic plutons, sills and dykes; granite, granodiorite, rhyolite 17 J1 C7 17 SD S Felsic lava and tuff; rhyolitic and dacitic SILURIAN and DEVONIAN and dacite 262 & 261 J2 SD J1 J1 G2 G2 G2 K6 SILURIAN K3 268 K6 S T1 C2 S Mafic lava and tuff; basaltic C8 G3 G3 G2 Felsic plutons, sills and dykes; granite, granodiorite, rhyolite G1 OS Otf Felsic tuff; rhyolitic and dacitic and dacite 16 INNER BRISTOL G4 16 K4 G1 K5 T1 C8 J5 K5 K4 ORDOVICIAN and CHANNEL AND K3 Felsic lava; rhyolitic and dacitic J2 J6 K5 SILURIAN OS Mafic plutons, sills and dykes; gabbro, diorite and lamprophyre Olv SEVERN ESTUARY D3 T1 OS C2 N1 278 279 J1 285 K4 Felsic lava and tuff; rhyolitic and dacitic C8 281 OS Ultramafic sills and dykes; pyroxenite and peridotite O 277 C6 283 287 290 15 T2 T1 15 ORDOVICIAN D1 C5 282 284 289 K6 O Mafic tuff; basaltic and andesitic Otf G K5 K6 286 288 D3 K2 280 S K4 Olv Mafic lava; basaltic and andesitic D2 D3 T2 K4 K4 14 293 K2 K5 14 O Mafic lava and tuff; basaltic and andesitic D2 D2 G2 K3 304 K2 P1 K3 292 & 276 294 K5 Etf Felsic tuff; rhyolitic and dacitic J1 297 K1 CAMBRIAN D3 296 298 299 D3 D3 D2 295 T2 301 302 E Elv Mafic lava; basaltic 13 CP J7 K2 K2 13 51° 51° J6 300 303 C1-4 T1 Xtf Felsic tuff; rhyolitic and dacitic J5 K2 K4 K5 K2 305 & 306 G5 K2 Felsic plutons, sills and dykes; granite, granodiorite, syenite, P1 C1-4 X Xlv Felsic lava; rhyolitic and dacitic T2 J4 rhyolite, trachyte and dacite C2 G3 NEOPROTEROZOIC NEOPROTEROZOIC 12 K1 12 J2 X X Mafic plutons, sills and dykes; gabbro, diorite and lamprophyre X Xtf Mafic tuff; basaltic 313 Plv J3 G2 316 K2 309 K2 X Mafic and felsic lava and tuff; rhyolitic, andesitic and basaltic 308 310 311 K5 314 C5-7 312 G4 G2 K6 1 1 G5 317 & 332 K4 11 315 318 & 333 320 & 321 K4 K2 T2 K4 K6 Geological boundary, bedrock ABBREVIATIONS G3 K6 Plv P1 Plv K5 Fault at rockhead Gp(s) Group(s) 10 CP K6 10 Plv P1 P3 G3 CP K6 G5 J1 J2 Sense of relative movement on strike-slip fault Formation(s) 324 C2 328 Fm(s) 322 325 G4 319 & 334 323 D K4 J3 331 Thrust fault, barbs on hanging wall side Sst sandstone J6 330 C1-4 CP CP K5 G5 0 Ctf G4 0 9 C1-4 J2 J4 9 D3 G3 G2 J3 G4 LINE OF SECTION 1 327 K1 J7 G3 329 335 & 336 Ctf T1 J6 K6 K5 D C D3 326 & 340 K2 G4 K6 K6 Dlv D3 J3 K2 Dlv D3 J4 K4 K4 K3 0 8 C CP K2 K3 K2 0 8 C5-7 CP K4 J6 30’ D CP CP C J7 K1 Long 7° 30’ 6° C CP D K5 337 J5 ISLE OF WIGHT 00 7° 30’ W CP 338 G5 J6 D CP Clv 339 000m0 30’ D2 Dlv 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 CP C1-4 C5-7 J7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 D D CP 0 7 CP D P1 0 7 D CP G4 D1 CP D3 D3 341 & 342W K1 342E & 343 C1-4 CP D2 D D1 D Dlv D 349 CP Dlv CP C1-4 D1 CP D1 D1 D3 0 6 D1 D3 0 6 Diagram showing British National Grid 100 km squares with 346 D D C2 D CP D1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 70 identifying letters (and alternative numbers in brackets) D3 D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 CP D D D2 350 000m6 347 D2 540 D1 D2 Long NX (25) NY (35) NZ (45) OV (55) CP D1 D1 500 30’ 1° 30’ 0° 30’ 1° 1° 30’ E CP 0 N1 D2 348 D1 0 5 SC SD SE TA TB D Plv 5 D D SB (24) (34) (44) (54) (64) D (14) 351 & 358 352 400 CP Dlv D1 D3 P1 Dlv D SG SH SJ SK TF TG D CP D D2 CROSS-SECTIONS SHOWING THE GENERAL RELATIONSHIPS OF BEDROCK ALONG THE LINES DRAWN ON THE MAP (13) (23) (33) (43) (53) (63) 04 D D1 D1 04 300 D3 353 D Dlv D Dlv D Horizontal scale 1:625 000 Vertical exaggeration x 2 SM SN SO SP TL TM N1 The red overprint shows the sheet lines of the One Inch and D D SECTION 2 (12) (22) (32) (42) (52) (62) Dlv CP CP 1:50 000 Geological series with the special district sheets accentuated CP ES 200 Dlv G5 [2694 2319] [2962 1968] [2697 0323] Kilometres Northing D3 355 & 356 LINE OF SECTION 2 0 3 0 3 SQ SR SS ST SU TQ TR (LS2) WELSH BORDERLAND CP D D2 VARISCAN FRONT CULM BASIN VARISCAN THRUST SHEETS Lat D FAULT SYSTEM (01) (11) (21) (31) (41) (51) (61) metres LIZARD - metres 50° 00’ N CP D2 South Wales Coalfield CREDITON 100 2500 Llangadog DEVONIAN SANDSTONES Bristol Channel DODMAN - START 2500 D3 Dlv S4 CARBONIFEROUS PENNANT Exmoor TROUGH THRUST TV Dlv SANDSTONES COAL LOWER DEVONIAN Dartmoor MIDDLE Dlv D LOWER DEVONIAN LIMESTONE SANDSTONES UPPER DEVONIAN SV SW SX SY SZ D MILLSTONE GRIT MEASURES JURASSIC TRIASSIC LOWER PERMIAN DEVONIAN (D2) (50) N1 ORDOVICIAN CARBONIFEROUS 0 (00) (10) (20) (30) (40) D Scale 1:625 000 0 OD OD 2 2 S3 UPPER CARBONIFEROUS D 0 S2 UPPER C5 - 7 ? DEVONIAN kilometres DEVONIAN 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 D ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN UPPER DEVONIAN MIDDLE DEVONIAN CARBONIFEROUS D 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 UPPER DEVONIAN Kilometres Easting D -2500 UPPER DEVONIAN - D1 -2500 L LOWER DEVONIAN UPPER AVALONIAN O W E LOWER CARBONIFEROUS R PA DED DEVONIAN - 359 5 0 10 20 30 Lat L AE OZO IC - U N DIVI LOWER PALAEOZOIC - LOWER CP K D CRYSTALLINE UNDIVIDED LOWER CARBONIFEROUS miles 50° 00’ N -5000 MIDDLE -5000 0 1 0 1 DEVONIAN DEVONIAN BASEMENT CP LOWER DEVONIAN 357 & 360 M A G N E T I C B A S E M E N T -7500 -7500 005000m 005000m DARTMOOR PLUTON 00 0 1 0 2 0 3 04 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 24 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 34 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 000m0 -10000 -10000 Long 7° 30’ W 7° 30’ 6° 30’ 5° 30’ 4° 30’ 3° 30’ 2° A V A L O N I A N P R O T E R O Z O I C C R Y S T A L L I N E B A S E M E N T -12500 -12500 ( M I D L A N D S M I C R O C R A T O N )

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Geological interpretation and map compilation by R Addison and J D Floyd. Geological cross-sections compiled by A G Leslie. SECTION 1 Deep geological information supplied by T C Pharaoh. [2309 4006] [3858 2500] [5356 1817] [5601 0907] Data preparation by A H Myers and P Turner. WELSH BORDERLAND A N G L O - BALA OXFORDSHIRE B R A B A N T M A S S I F Digital cartography by I L Cooke and J W Arbon. CENTRAL BERW DINORWIC FAULT FAULT SYSTEM MALVERN AXIS WORCESTER GRABEN COALFIELD VARISCIDE / RHENOHERCYNIAN ZONE ANGLESEY SHEAR FAULT ZONE PONTESFORD - CHURCH STRETTON A Smith, Project Manager, Digital Geological Map of Great Britain. ZONE SNOWDON DERWEN LLANDDERFEL BERWYN SEVERN VALLEY LINLEY FAULT FAULT ZONE TITTERSTONE - EAST MALVERN KEMPSEY INKBERROW - PRESTON - VARISCAN WEALD metres Irish Sea SHEAR LONGMYND OXFORDSHIRE LONDON PLATFORM LONDON BASIN ZONE SYNCLINE ANTICLINE SYNCLINE ANTICLINE FAULTS CLEE FAULT FAULT BOREHOLE HASELOR HILL MORETON SYNCLINE FRONT BASIN 2500 P J Strange, Programme Manager. metres ORDOVICIAN THRUST 1:625 000 Scale CARBONIFEROUS FAULT FAULT Cotswold Hills Chiltern Hills GAULT and North Downs Beachy Head 1500 CARBONIFEROUS SILURIAN SILURIAN K4 M K Lee, Director of Geology and Resources. O4 D1 S4 LOWER DEVONIAN J1 J2 J2-3 TRIASSIC J1 LOWER GREENSAND UPPER GREENSAND UPPER CRETACEOUS (K5-6) EOCENE (G2-4) LOWER GREENSAND (K3) K1-2 LOWER GREENSAND (K3) K5-6 DEVONIAN DEVONIAN WARWICKSHIRE GROUP (K3) (K4) Published 2007. John N Ludden, PhD. Executive Director, British DIPMETER OD OD E3-O1 PRIDOLI Geological Survey. www.bgs.ac.uk ORDOVICIAN T LOWER DEVONIAN US E3-O1 tuffs LLANDOVERY - LUDLOW SILURIAN (O1-3) R PERMO - TRIASSIC SILURIAN JURASSIC J1 - 7 TH MYNYDD ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN SANDSTONES LOWER DEVONIAN SILURIAN D ORDOVICIAN CAMBRIAN - A X Xtf MAWR CAMBRIAN SANDSTONES BEDROCK GEOLOGY -2500 E COEDANA E3-O1 ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN LAVAS SILURIAN -2500 10° BGS © NERC 2009. All rights reserved. H PLUTON PLUTON X CAMBRIAN - ORDOVICIAN AND TUFFS MEL OS CAR GRANITE PLUTON SILURIAN LAVAS CAMBRIAN - ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN MIDDLE DEVONIAN - LOWER CARBONIFEROUS 20° AND TUFFS ARFON OS AND/OR -5000 COEDANA COMPLEX GROUP WENTNOR AND STRETTON N E O P R O T E R O Z O I C F E L S I C V O L C A N I C R O C K S -5000 GROUPS CAMBRIAN - ORDOVICIAN BASEMENT CAMBRIAN UK SOUTH 30° NEOPROTEROZOIC TO HIGH ? -7500 CAMBRIAN N E O P R O T E R O Z O I C F E L S I C V O L C A N I C R O C K S LOWER DEVONIAN -7500 45° MAGNETIC BASEMENT LOWER DEVONIAN Your use of any information provided by the British Geological Survey (BGS) is BLUESCHIST LOWER ZONE BELT PALAEOZOIC (South of National Grid Line 540 km N) at your own risk. Neither BGS nor the Natural Environment Research Council AR M A G N E T I C B A S E M E N T SHE UNDIVIDED gives any warranty, condition or representation as to the quality, accuracy or -10000 TS -10000 I STRAI completeness of the information or its suitability for any use or purpose. ENA CRYSTALLINE N-M All implied conditions relating to the quality or suitability of the information, and EY BASEMENT 5th EDITION -12500 LL -12500 all liabilities arising from the supply of the information (including any liability P R O T E R O Z O I C C R Y S T A L L I N E B A S E M E N T O F W E L S H C A L E D O N I D E S A V A L O N I A N P R O T E R O Z O I C C R Y S T A L L I N E B A S E M E N T ( M I D L A N D S M I C R O C R A T O N ) arising in negligence) are excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law. -15000 -15000

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