CSUF Saves Water with Succulents CSUF Spends About $250,000 Are Less Thirsty

Thursday November 20, 2014 The Student Voice of California State University, Fullerton Volume 96 Issue 45 California running dry

One of the worst droughts in California history lacks context with public and policymakers, professor says FRANCISCO REYES Daily Titan Putting an issue as expansive as the current drought in California into context is no small task. Add uninformed policy makers, and a public that doesn’t grasp the severity of the issue, that task becomes even more difficult. Part of the difficulty of framing the current drought is the fact that it isn’t the first in Cal- ifornia history, or even the worst, said Phool- endra Mishra, Ph.D., professor of civil and environmental engineering. There have been far more severe droughts that occurred well before climate change became an issue, he said. The cavalier outlook of most Californians in the face of the drought is a source of frustra- tion, he said. “The general public doesn’t understand the severeness of this drought,” he said. “They think it’s okay–because we still drink water [they think] everything is fine. You see green lawns with the sprinklers running, and people are not seeing [the big picture].” There have been worse droughts in Califor- nia’s past, he said, but it’s still important for the public to understand the severity of the drought and act accordingly in their everyday lives, and equally important that public officials take the same considerations into account during the policymaking process. Matthew Kirby, Ph.D., associate professor of geology, also aims to put the severity of the current drought into larger context. Kirby recently took the lead as author of a paper published in the journal Quaternary Science Reviews.

SEE CONTEXT 3

2014 was the driest year since

1924 and the hottest year on record

in CALIFORNIA MIKE TRUJILLO / DAILY TITAN CSUF saves water with succulents CSUF spends about $250,000 are less thirsty. better than other plants for a to implement drought-tolerant The university has spent given amount of water they landscaping on campus about $250,000 to date to re- use. place grass with drought-tol- But some of the plants cho- KATHERINE PICAZO erant landscapes, including the sen for the new gardens—ge- Daily Titan cost of drip irrigation, accord- raniums, bougainvillea and ing to Facilities Operations. carpet roses—will need to be In face of one of the worst Some of the new plantings watered much more frequent- droughts in California’s histo- include Chitalpa pink dawn, ly than the native plants, Sand- ry, Cal State Fullerton is re- Desert Museum palo verde, quist said. placing swaths of grass with Mexican bird of paradise and “They are making a big ef- drought-tolerant landscapes to feather grass, salvia leucan- fort to have better water con- meet the state mandate of re- tha, lantana, agave, dwarf bou- servation on campus,” he said. ducing water use by 20 per- gainvillea and geraniums. “One of the things they are do- cent by 2020. “Succulents are the best ing are to create landscapes About 60 percent of the uni- choice for this kind of that recapture water, instead of versity’s water use is for irriga- (drought-resistant landscap- letting it run off.” tion. Last year, the university ing) because you could water Bioswales, which collect consumed 111 million gallons them infrequently, they will runoff water, are something of water at an estimated cost take it up efficiently, they will that could help retain the wa- of about $360,000. store it and will remain alive ter and work to irrigate the Since the mid-’90s, the uni- and green even if you don’t plants by creating a reservoir versity has been pursuing wa- water them for months,” said KATHERINE PICAZO / DAILY TITAN of water in the soil, Sandquist ter conservation efforts includ- Professor of Biological Sci- Cal State Fullerton recently replaced several large lawns on campus with drought-tolerant plants said. ing the installation of low flow ence Jochen Schenk, Ph.D. featuring water-saving plants, like the succulent pictured above. Due to its scope, the recent or waterless fixtures in some Compared to drought-re- expansion of drought-tolerant locations. sistant plants used in what is that are notorious for water make it beautiful,” Schenk have. landscaping may bring more Recently, the universi- called “xeriscaping,” lawns wasting. said. The new plant palette was attention to the practice, but it ty expanded its efforts in are extremely wasteful, “Our campus is really de- Darren Sandquist, Ph.D., selected based on color and is something that the univer- drought-tolerant landscaping. Schenk said. voted to sustainability … so I professor of biological science, drought-tolerance, said Greg sity has been doing since the Areas of grass by Langsdorf However, Schenk said the think what would be a really said the university went with Keil, Cal State Fullerton’s turn of the millenium, said Hall, the Titan Student union university went with a very good statement for our cam- a plant palette that was some- landscape manager. Willem van der Pol, director and the Education Classroom “half-hearted” statement on pus is to have a display of real where in between not wasting Drought-adapted plants of facilities operations. Building have been uprooted water-saving design by using xeriscaping out there with cac- a lot of water and still provid- have a high water-use efficien- and replaced with plants that some desert trees with roses ti, agave and desert trees and ing the beauty they wanted to cy, which means they grow SEE PLANTS 3

FOLLOW US ON TWITTER: @THEDAILYTITAN VISIT US AT: DAILYTITAN.COM PAGE 2 NOVEMBER 20, 2014 THURSDAY NEWS Toilet to tap provides drought solutions System has produced more The replenishment process than 135 billion gallons of consists of three filtration water since its inception steps–microfiltration, reverse osmosis and treatment with AMBER UDDIN hydrogen peroxide and ultra- Daily Titan violet light. The first step passes the Toilet to tap may not be water through microscopic the most appealing name fibers to separate out any re- for a water replenishing sys- maining solids, bacteria and tem, but it’s adding millions some viruses. of gallons of drinking water Following that, it moves for Orange County residents on to a reverse osmosis pro- to use. cess where high pressure The constant need for new forces the water through mo- fresh water is being met in lecular membranes made of part by recycling waste water plastic. to use as safe drinking wa- This second stage removes ter for thirsty cities. Without dissolved chemicals, viruses processes to recharge incom- and pharmaceuticals still in ing rainwater, much of the the water. local underground sources Finally, the water is treat- would be in danger of run- ed with ultraviolet light and ning low. hydrogen peroxide to rid it of Orange County Sanita- any organic compounds that tion and Water Districts have may still remain. made water recycling safer The water is then sent than ever with the Ground- into the Orange County Wa- water Replenishment Sys- ter Basin where it is mixed COURTESY OF MAYA SUGERMAN FOR KPCC tem, a filtration system that with imported water, rainwa- From right to left, water is purified using the three-part GWR process, taking impure water and making it drinkable. turns sewer water into clean ter and water from the San- drinking water, said Gina ta Ana River to increase the basin, which provides wa- construction to increase its cost-effective and environ- executive director of plan- Ayala, principal communica- local drinking water supply, ter for over two million peo- output. Alone, it is enough to mentally friendly options ning and natural resources at tions specialist at the Orange Ayala said. ple in Orange County, Ayala sustain 850,000 people. This available. the OC Water District. County Water District. The process results in said. is only an initial expansion North county cities like Groundwater will eventu- Initially, waste water is drinking water that meets The basin currently pro- of the system’s capacity–in Fullerton get water from OC ally run out, meaning other treated at the Orange County or exceeds state and feder- vides 70 million gallons of its final expansion it will be Water District’s groundwater solutions like an increased Sanitation District to remove al drinking water standards, water a day, a number that is able to produce 130 million source at about a third of the use of stormwater, desalina- impurities in a multi-step according to the OC Water expected to grow to 100 mil- gallons per day. cost of what South OC pays tion and continued conser- process. From there, it is sent District. lion gallons a day next year. If the drought persists, per acre-foot (326,000 gal- vation will still be necessary on to the replenishment sys- The water district man- The replenishment sys- this method of water treat- lons) of their imported water, long-term methods of ad- tem for further treatment. ages the OC groundwater tem is currently undergoing ment will be one of the most according to Greg Woodside, dressing the water shortage.

FOR THE RECORD It is Daily Titan policy to correct factual errors printed in the publication. Corrections will be published on the subsequent issue after an error is discovered and will appear Growing the future of food on page 2. Errors on the Opinion page will be corrected on Brea farm uses fish to fertilize has recruited several scien- has now affected more than it takes to create a serving that page. Corrections will also be made to the online ver- water and plants to clean it, in tists as consultants in addi- 37 million people with the of corn or the 18 gallons it sion of the article. Please contact Editor-in-Chief Nereida effort to conserve water tion to several college pro- mass majority of the state ex- takes to grow one apple for a fessors and interns who periencing either “extreme” typical farm. Moreno at (657) 278-5815 or at editorinchief@dailytitan. CESAR GAMBOA maintain and collect re- or “exceptional” drought “We’re definitely on the Daily Titan com with issues about this policy or to report any errors. search on a daily basis. conditions, according the pioneering end of water con- The 25-acre farm has United States Drought Mon- servation in terms of pro- A Brea farm is reshaping ponds of tilapia that are fed itor. For the first time in the duction,” Amos said. “Ev- the local farming industry. organic sprouts. In turn their U.S. Drought Monitor’s his- erything that we do has a Following the State of waste produces a chemi- tory, 100 percent of Califor- green movement in mind. Emergency declared in ear- cal called nitrite which can nia has been declared as se- Everything that we use on ly January by Gov. Jer- be broken down and turned vere or extreme drought the farm is recycled.” ry Brown, the Califor- into fertilizer by bacteria Brown’s first request While the current drought Editorial nia drought has become and then used to water their during the official State of conditions of Orange Coun-

a big concern for farmers crops. Emergency announcement ty haven’t approached im-

Editor-in-Chief Nereida Moreno throughout the state. Future mediate danger–as other ar- Managing Editor Eric Gandarilla Foods Farms in Brea aims We’re definitely“ on the pioneering end eas of California have–this News Editor Samuel Mountjoy to make their farms drought Brea farm is ensuring water News Editor Cynthia Washicko and eco-friendly. “of water conservation in terms of conditions stay prosperous. News Assistant Rudy Chinchilla The organic farm has “We’ve got finite resourc- News Assistant Katherine Picazo production. Sports Editor Joseph Anderson grown their produce es and we’re running out through a dynamic method AMBER AMOS of everything. So if we can Sports Assistant Michael Huntley Volunteer Opinion Editor James Smith called aquaponics, a prac- get other people on board to Opinion Assistant Gustavo Vargas tice that mixes aquaculture grow their own food, or set Opinion Assistant Alex Groves and hydroponics to create The crops then produce was for residents to volun- up an aquaponics system Features Editor Elizabeth Muñoz a self-sustaining system in nitrate which filters the wa- tarily reduce their water in their backyard,” Amos Features Assistant Lizeth Luevano which water is recycled with ter, making it reusable for consumption by at least 20 said. A&E Editor Zack Johnston fish, said Amber Amos, a the fish ponds again, Amos percent, which would would California has finite re- A&E Assistant Deanna Gomez volunteer worker at Future said. give California reservoirs sources and Future Foods Copy Editor Tameem Seraj Foods Farms. “With a conventional hy- a chance to sustain viable Farms is raising environ- Copy Assistant Elaiza Armas “We use the nutrients droponics farm, it takes 10- amounts of water. mental awareness by en- Copy Assistant Kevin Chiu from the fish and the pond 15 gallons of water to grow Future Foods Farms’ re- couraging residents to build Layout Editor Kaley Williams water to water our plants, one head of lettuce, and the sources are dynamically sta- their own aquaponics farm Layout Editor Emily Mondragon and then our plants recy- way that we do it, we can do ble and fitting for Califor- in their backyards, and grow Photo Editor Mariah Carrillo cle our water and then goes it with one gallon,” Amos nia’s water crisis. their own food by mak- Photo Editor Winnie Huang back into our fish,” Amos said. The one gallon it takes for ing use of small spaces and Photo Assistant Yunuen Bonaparte said. The process has virtual- this local farm’s aquaponics growing vertically. Photo Assistant Marisela Gonzalez As the owner of one of ly nonexistent carbon foot- system to produce a single “The aquaponics move- Photo Assistant Amanda Sharp the largest aquaponics farms print, she said. vegetable is more drought ment is indeed the future of Multimedia Editor Abraham Williams in California, Adam Navidi The California drought friendly than the 60 gallons farming,” Amos said. Multimedia Assistant Ryan Steel Illustrator Mike Trujillo Art Director Berenice Ashikian Web Developer David McLaren Taking the salt out of the sea Adviser Bonnie Stewart Huntington Beach begins im- in through pipes that run Their second project in recovery. So for every two Main Line (657) 278-5815 [email protected] plementation of desalination across the ocean ground Huntington Beach is pro- gallons of seawater that the News Line (657) 278-4415 [email protected] plants to create pure water and transported to the de- jected to be running by plant brings in we turn one salination facility. Once 2018, but is still waiting on gallon into fresh drinking CIARA GUTIERREZ Advertising there, it is filtered to re- a California Coastal Com- water and the other gallon Daily Titan Director of Advertising Chelsea Norrup move impurities. Follow- missions Coastal Develop- goes back into the ocean Asst. Director of Adv. Ana Godinez ing that filtration, it un- ment permit. Both plants with double the salt con- Sales & Promotions Ayesha Doshi In light of the current dergoes a reverse osmosis will use 50 million gallons tent,” Jones said. Graphic Designer Andrea Gonzalez drought crisis, southern system, in which the wa- a day to produce enough One of the greatest ben- Graphic Designer Shane Goodwin Californians are becoming ter is pushed through mi- desalinated water to serve efits of desalination as a Classifieds Manager Ann Pham more aware of the need for croscopic membranes to over 300,000 people. solution is the decreased Account Executive Ramiro Jauregui alternative sources for pure remove any remaining Although the desalina- reliance on high-fluctuat- Account Executive Rachel Flud Account Executive Nikkie Lujan drinking water. As part of impurities. tion process has been prov- ing imported water rates. Account Executive Lia Larasati that realization, Hunting- “The holes in the mem- en to purify seawater, there Approximately 50 per- Account Executive Laura A. Arrona ton Beach has partnered brane are so tiny. They are still environmental cent of the water used with a water project com- are about one one-mil- concerns that have yet to throughout Orange Coun- Distribution Saul Tinoco pany to study and devel- lionth the diameter of a be addressed. ty comes from imported op water desalination as human hair, so the water Among these is the supplies, According to the Adviser Robert Sage a possible solution to the molecules are able to push screening process that oc- Municipal Water District water shortage in Orange through at the high pres- curs in the ocean at the of Orange County. A local Main Line (657) 278-3373 Fax (657) 278-2702 County. sure, but the salt mole- intake pipe. According to desalination facility would Advertising (657) 278-4411 [email protected] Poseidon Water, a com- cules, as well as any virus- Brian Lochrie, president of lessen Orange County’s pany specializing in water es or bacteria or anything Poseidon Water’s consult- dependence on import- project development, cur- else that might be in sea- ing firm, about one-fourth ed water and provide a re- rently has two desalination water, are rejected and do of a pound of fish get stuck liable source of water for The Daily Titan is a student publication, printed every Monday through Thursday. The Daily Titan operates independently of Associated projects being developed in not pass through into the against the intake pipe’s residents. Students, Inc. College of Communications, CSUF administration and Southern California. water system,” said Jessi- screen. Tiny organisms, “The project is not built the CSU. The Daily Titan has functioned as a public forum since incep- Desalination is a process ca Jones, community out- like fish eggs, can also be for the drought. It is built tion. Unless implied by the advertising party or otherwise stated, that uses multiple steps to reach manager for Posei- killed by the suction form for long-term sustainabil- advertising in the Daily Titan is inserted by commercial activities or remove salt dissolved in don Water. the pipe, he said. ity,” Lochrie said. “The ventures identified in the advertisements themselves and not by the water, purifying the water Poseidon’s Carlsbad lo- Another major concern is idea is you have a project university. Such printing is not to be construed as written or implied sponsorship, endorsement or investigation of such commercial to make it safe to drink or cation just completed an the high salinity level of the that will provide a guar- enterprises. The Daily Titan allocates one issue to each student for use for other purposes. extensive permitting pro- water returned to the ocean anteed water supply rain free. The process begins cess and is expected to be at the end of the process. or shine which is always a when seawater is brought up and running in 2015. “We get 50 percent good thing.”

BERENICE ASHIKIAN / DAILY TITAN Drip irrigation is one of the methods being used on campus to save water. About 60 percent of water on campus has been used for irrigation. Plants: Saving water with succulents CONTINUED FROM 1 “Drip irrigation provides convert the area to water-wise viable options for the rebate go through the program. average by 23.9 percent. a slow feed that penetrates gardens. program offered by Metropol- Kathy Ramos, associate The university will con- The drip irrigation sys- much deeper to establish and Of the 29 acres of unoccu- itan Water District of South- resource specialist of Met- tinue converting addition- tem coupled with the instal- maintain the plants with much pied lawns, 22 are potential ern California for their next ropolitan Water District, al acreage as part of their lation of weed barrier sheets less evaporation,” Van der Pol candidates for drought-toler- turf-removal project. Metro- said a water saving analy- outdoor solutions to reduce below the soil should reduce said. ant conversion, according to politan Water District pays $2 sis showed that commercial overall water usage and im- the amount of water lost to It costs $5 per square Facilities Operations. per square foot of turf replace- sites who removed turf re- plementing the new motto evaporation. foot to remove the turf and They have yet to consider ment for commercial sites who duced their water usage on “brown is the new green.” Groundwater supplies most of city’s water Whether from the ground or The water primarily comes people in the US depend on no rain or snow, the water sup- the drought. drought or other unusual con- from the river, water’s got to from the Colorado River and groundwater as supply for ply faces serious shortages. Depending on the area of ditions, the source of water come from somewhere the State Water Project from their drinking water and to ir- Southern California has Fullerton, there are different to any area may change,” ac- Northern California. rigate crops. been suffering from just combinations of groundwater cording to the City of Fuller- HEATHER MYERS This surface water accounts “Groundwater is the wa- those shortages for some time and imported water you could ton’s website. Daily Titan for about 25 percent of Fuller- ter found underground in the now. In January, Gov. Jer- be drinking. Area 1, most of To help plan for the future ton’s water. Groundwater sup- cracks and spaces in soil, sand ry Brown declared a drought the north part of Fullerton, of the drought, the Orange When you turn on the tap plies the other 75 percent of and rock. It is stored in and emergency. primarily receives ground- County Water District has re- in Fullerton, there’s a good the city’s water. moves slowly through geo- The Orange County Wa- water. Area 2, middle to low- cently spent $142 million to chance the water that flows is The groundwater compo- logic formations of soil, sand ter District has spent $79.3 er west of the city, receives expand its Groundwater Re- ending a long journey from as nent of the city’s water supply and rocks called aquifers,” ac- million in the last three years a mixture of groundwater plenishment System. This far away as the Colorado Riv- comes from 11 groundwater cording to the Groundwater purchasing imported water and imported water. Area 3, system takes treated wastewa- er. But there’s an even better wells located throughout Or- Foundation, an organization from the Metropolitan Water the lower side of Fullerton, ter from the Orange County chance that it came from right ange County’s Groundwater that advocates for sustainable District, according to the OC receives mainly imported Sanitation District and puri- here in Orange County. Basin. The Basin begins at the groundwater. Water District. The OC Wa- water. fies it to meet drinking water Fullerton’s water supply is Prado Dam and spans across Through rain and snow- ter District is using this im- Dividing the city into three standards. The project is set a mixture of groundwater and Northwest Orange Coun- melt, groundwater is re- ported water to put into the areas is meant to give Fuller- to be completed in 2015 and surface water imported by ty, excluding Brea and La plenished naturally by seep- Orange County groundwater ton’s water system the most will provide an additional 30 the Metropolitan Water Dis- Habra. ing down into cracks in the basin to recharge it to help amount of flexibility. “This million gallons of water per trict of Southern California. More than 50 percent of Earth’s surface. When there is offset the impacts made from means that under emergency, day. Fullerton implements water conservation First phase of ordinances call conservation ordinances. said Jon Orndoff, Fullerton’s California for two years, but circumstances. The Valley, temperatures we have this for 10 percent conservation The first phase aims for 10 geographic information spe- one inch of rain for every which produces one third of summer and there has throughout the city percent conservation, accord- cialist. “So we go knock on 35 days is needed to solve the produce for the U.S., is been no rainfall. More im- ing to the city of Fullerton’s their door, try to talk to them, the drought issue, said Cal facing water shortages that portantly, there’s been no BRITTANEY CARPENTER conservation project website. tell them to change their wa- State Fullerton Professor have serious effects on farm- snowcap,” Fellow said. Daily Titan Phase 1 restricts citizens tering times, or maybe they Anthony Fellow, who also ers’ ability to produce fruits “We haven’t got significant from watering hardscapes– had too much runoff, wast- is the former vice chairman and vegetables. levels of snow in the past For average Fullerton sidewalks, driveways–at any ing water and most people are for the Metropolitan Water California’s heat does few years. The snowcap homes, 13,000 gallons of wa- time and landscapes from 10 pretty open to it and want to District. not help the severity of the is what we depend on be- ter being used a month amidst a.m. to 4 p.m. help out.” The Central Valley in par- drought. With the heat comes cause it melts and goes into the water crisis has caused the “Most people who break Currently, there is enough ticular is facing a bleak fu- a lack of rain and snow. the river system and fills city to slip into Phase 1 of the the rule do it on accident,” water to sustain Southern ture based on their current “This is historic heat up the reservoirs.” Context: Study shows exchange tomorrow long history of droughts buy * sell*trade CONTINUED FROM 1 the past 3,000 years, showing changes to the tropical Pa- evidence of centennial-scale cific Ocean caused by glob- Kirby and his team used droughts,” Kirby said in a al warming are likely to have sediment from Zaca Lake, a CSUF news service. a direct impact on our future remote natural lake northwest The study also found a water availability and subse- of Santa Barbara, to study the connection between El Niño quent crises,” Kirby said. chemical and physical compo- and precipitation in Southern Those changes, Mishra nents found below the bottom California. said, will have an impact on of the lake. The El Niño weather for- how the drought continues to The study examines sed- mation involves shifting develop. iments as old as 3,000 years ocean temperatures in the Pa- “The drought may not be

(happening) because of the

(Our) research shows conclusively that climate change, but climate “ change may affect the severity “the variability in wetness and dryness has of the drought from now on,” changed tremendously over the Mishra said. past 3,000 years ... It’s an issue with a direct, current impact on California and warrants thorough con- MATTHEW KIRBY sideration before decisions are Associate Professor of Geology made on how to address the drought, Mishra said. and found evidence that Cal- cific Ocean near the equator “Sometimes it’s frustrating ifornia has experienced mega- and often results in increased to see people making deci- droughts that range from 30 amounts of rain. sions without understanding,” years to multiple centuries. “Not only does this study Mishra said. “This is such an “This is ground-breaking tell us that El Niño (has been) important decision, that any FULLERTON: 215 N. Harbor Blvd. • 714-870-6855 because our research shows the dominant force of win- decision we make will be for COSTA MESA (The LAB): 2930 Bristol St. • 714-825-0619 conclusively that the variabil- ter precipitation in Southern the long term–there is no im- LONG BEACH: 4608 E. 2nd St. • 562-433-1991 ity in wetness and dryness has California over the past 3,000 mediate (result). It’s an invest- Bu aloExchange.com changed tremendously over years, but it means that any ment in the future.”

VISIT US AT: DAILYTITAN.COM/NEWS FOLLOW US ON TWITTER: @THEDAILYTITAN PAGE 4 NOVEMBER 20, 2014 THURSDAY NEWS This drought isn’t the first for CA Californians can learn from the qualitative way is based on past as they deal with one of the shortage of water for Dust Bowl Drought 1928-1935 the worst droughts in history specific purposes such as Aected 100,000,000 acres of the agriculture. DEANNA GOMEZ United states forcing tens of In California’s history, Daily Titan there have been six droughts thousands of families to leave. that have significantly im- New facts as to what is pacted the state. One of the causing the drought in Cali- most well known droughts fornia, what residents should was the Dust Bowl which be- do to conserve water and the gan in 1928. Western states, opinions of different experts including California, Colora- Drought of 1976 - 1977 on the drought can be heard do, and the plains states like 47 of 58 counties declared drought related emergencies. in the media almost every Oklahoma, felt the droughts day. impact for seven years. The lack of runoff water in a 1976 drought led to In California’s the building of the emer-

“history, there have gency pipeline of San Rafa- been six droughts el Bridge to bring water to “ Marin County. that have signifi- A more recent drought in cantly impacted the California began in 2007 Drought of 1987 - 1992 and lasted for two years. It state. was regarded as a drought One of the worst droughts in the based on the lack of run- reconstruction period, one of the However, not many people off water in the state. Many few to last longer than three years. know the history of droughts vineyard growers abandoned in California. their work at the time due to There are both quanti- the lack of water resources tative and qualitative ways during this time. experts use to define when The droughtless state a drought begins or ends, didn’t last long. California according to the Califor- began to, once again, devel- nia Department of Water op drought characteristics in Today 2014 Resources. 2011, according to the U.S. As of September 30, 2014 is the state's third driest year in the last 119 years. The two quantitative ways Drought Monitor data. Both are based on the lack of 2013 and 2014 were among DAVID MCLAREN / DAILY TITAN rainfall or the lack of run- the driest years in Califor- In Californian history, there have been six significant droughts that have impacted the state. The current drought is the worst in off water in the state. The nia’s history. recorded state history. County offers refund to promote conservation Swapping old washing washing machines. models. Washing machines by investing in the new is offered to residents who almost 8,000 gallons of wa- machines for efficient ones The average American use 25 gallons per load of machines. wish to purchase a qualify- ter in just one year. can save water and money uses 80-100 gallons of wa- laundry—older models use High-efficiency washing model. A list of models An ultra low-flush toilet ter at home per day, accord- up to 40 gallons per load. ing machines can save up can be found on their web- flushes at a maximum of 1.6 HEATHER MYERS ing to the U.S. Geological There are newer toilet and to 14 gallons of water per site, along with a purchase gallons per flush compared Daily Titan Survey. Between 36 and 45 washing machine models day and lower energy use location. to an average of 3 gallons per gallons of that total each available that are high-effi- as less heat is required for High-efficiency or ultra- flush, according to the Home The city of Fullerton is of- day is used just by flushing ciency and can help reduce these machines. Additional- low-flush toilets are also Water Works website. fering rebate incentive pro- the toilet or doing a load of water usage in the home. ly, using less water and less being offered as part of the More information on how grams for residents to help laundry. SoCal WaterSmart is offer- energy lowers monthly utili- rebate program, starting at to receive these rebates and conserve water during the One toilet flush accounts ing rebate incentives to res- ty bills which saves residents $100. High-efficiency toi- which machines are includ- drought by using low-flush for up to 3 gallons of water idents wishing to help con- money. lets use 20 percent less water ed can be found on the So- toilets and high-efficiency being used for older toilet serve water and save money A rebate starting at $85 than standard toilets, saving Cal WaterSmart website.

COURTESY OF WIKIMEDIA COMMONS The inches-long delta smelt has been the cause of regulations diverting water away from California farmland to preserve the ecosystem of the endangered fish. Years-old ruling on delta smelt complicates drought Federal District Court ruling that its habitat, the San Joa- “The same water that they on water allocation increases quin-Sacramento River Del- let go out into the ocean, severity of California drought ta, is designated as a protect- instead of storing for a ed environment. drought, we would be using AUBREY SAULS This ruling stems from the now,” Broeske said. “We’d Daily Titan 1973 Endangered Species still have the drought but we A 2007 Federal District Act signed by President Nix- would have a lot more water Court ruling that required on. The act was implement- in storage.” an increase in water allocat- ed to save the grey whale, The lack of water going ed to protect an endangered the California condor, the to farmers has wider rami- fish has increased the severi- Pacific green sea turtle and fications than simply within ty of the drought throughout the bald eagle. The act was California, as one third of California. meant to not only save the the country’s supply of pro- Between 2009 and 2010, animal, but save the ecosys- duce comes from the Central as a result of the ruling, over tem that the organism lives Valley. The water shortage 300 billion gallons of wa- in as well. puts increased pressure on ter were diverted away from In the mid-1980s, the the valley’s farmers and has Southern California and the smelt fish population began the possibility of pushing Central Valley, and relocat- to go into decline until it producers to cut down on the ed back up to the San Fran- eventually disappeared from amount of land used to grow cisco Bay to eventually end the delta entirely, said Pe- produce. That lack of sup- up in the Pacific Ocean, ac- ter Moyle, associate director ply would, eventually, drive cording to the congressio- for the Center for Watershed prices up for what could be nal Committee on Natural Science. years. Resources. John Broeske, executive Broeske and Congressio- The reason for the ruling director for Families Pro- nal Republicans supported is about about the size of tecting the Valley, a non- House bill 1837, the San Joa- a French fry—a small fish profit dedicated to pro- quin Valley Water Reliabili- called the delta smelt. moting the appropriate ty Act of 2012, which even- The delta smelt is a fish resources and government tually passed in the House, classified under the endan- policies to save agricultur- but died in the Senate. The gered species List. The U.S. al jobs, the food supply and bill would have required Fish and Wildlife Service water supply, said the wa- some water being used for declared the smelt fish’s ex- ter policy has only made the fish and wildlife to go south istence threatened, meaning drought worse. to the Central Valley.

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Choosing passion over comfort in relationships Student realizes that of the best moments of my life unpredictability is better than during the time I spent in love a monotonous love life with him. When we were togeth- KALEY WILLIAMS er, he felt like home to me, Daily Titan and while I know that you shouldn’t find home in anoth- I’ve spent the better part of er person, I let myself. my adult life straddling the What I’m trying to express line between complete bliss in all of this talk of the possi- and utter disappointment. bly unhealthy, slightly obses- I’ve said before that I don’t sive love story is that I love in know how to love in pieces, a very particular way. and it’s true. I am unreserved and fear- I have a habit of giving too less, and often it ends in di- much of myself in relation- saster. But in the fleeting ships, and once my novelty moments of happiness, I’ve has worn off and the honey- felt more than I ever knew moon stage is over, I find my- possible. self alone, putting the pieces Not all love stories look like back together. mine. I’ve been told to love more My mother has always cautiously; that I need to be told me that I’m like her in more careful. While I under- the sense that I’m a “big ball stand that loving cautiously is of emotions,” and I wear my probably a lot less painful, it heart on my sleeve. also seems a lot less fulfilling She is ridiculously and un- to me. apologetically in love with her Love, in my mind, has husband, my stepfather. always been messy and My father, on the oth- passionate. er hand, is in a comfortable The darkest moments of my marriage. MARIAH CARRILLO / DAILY TITAN life were experienced after my That’s not to say that he This student prefers feeling a charged emotion rather than lukewarm feelings in a relationship. break up with the first love of doesn’t love his wife, be- my adult life. cause he does, but he also not exist without the other. that there’s anything wrong anyone could fully love some- choose to believe that feel- I stayed in bed for a week. doesn’t love her so much that I think that it’s all a choice with passion and a little bit of one if they’re choosing to ing something real, even if I didn’t eat, I barely slept it hurts. that needs to be individually controlled insanity either. guard themselves. it’s pain, is better than any and I was uncertain wheth- They don’t get into tumultu- made. I guess that when it comes I think that people are emotion that merely runs er I would ever feel complete ous fights that extend into the Many people choose rela- down to it, I prefer the crazi- meant to love and to be loved lukewarm. again. early hours of the morning, tionships that they can count ness. I know that I’m not pro- in the most passionate way. Life is messy and un- The pain was unbearable, which sounds like a bad thing, on, and there’s nothing wrong tective enough of my heart, It may hurt and leave me planned. I suppose I think but I also experienced some but in my experience one can with stability, but I don’t think but I don’t really see how repetitively shattered, but I love should be that way too. Pollak displays archeological specimens

The exhibit features research material we have at The Coo- archeological sight. Pretty county to describing differ- together, Rivin said. million-year-old dinosaurs, done by students in archeology per Center. Then also empha- much every time they go in ent species in the collection. “We looked for student which Rivin said is some of and paleontology fields size the amount of research to do any kind of construction One of these such specimens projects that were interesting Orange County’s only dino- that’s being done here by stu- or build a freeway or a shop- is a brand new species of wal- and had completed to a point saurs. A computer model of ALEXANDER DOMINGUEZ dents. It’s primarily through ping mall, they find materi- rus affectionately nicknamed where we had something to Waldo is also on display. Daily Titan research by Cal State Fuller- al,” said Jeannine Pederson, “Waldo.” say about them, and where The Cooper Center hopes ton students, so that’s what the associate curator for ar- “[Waldo] is described by we weren’t taking specimens the exhibit will help open up The Cooper Center’s ex- we focused on, although we cheology at The Cooper Cen- an undergraduate student in away from students who were the door for more students to hibit “Titans! Student Re- have students from other ter. “Native Americans have the geology department. He’s actually actively studying come use the center’s collec- search in Archeology and universities working here as been living here in the coun- actually going to give it a new them and putting them on ex- tion for research. Paleontology at The Cooper well.” ty for at least 10,000 years species name,” Rivin said. hibit for several months,” she “Now that The Cooper Center” is currently on dis- For the past 80 years, The up to the present. We find a The exhibit only shows a said. Center is here, the collec- play at the Pollak Library. Cooper Center has collected variety of different kinds of small portion of the samples Due to space constraints, tion is open and available The exhibit is housed in the specimens that students have artifacts.” and studies at The Cooper only around half of current for research,” Pederson said. Atrium Gallery and features studied by independent col- The center is a non-prof- Center. The exhibit features student projects were put into “There’s endless opportu- research done by students in lectors in the county, to piec- it research establishment that roughly 50 specimens, but the exhibit. nities for students from Cal the paleontological and ar- es retrieved from construction was started in 2009 as a part- The Cooper Center has col- “I think there are 10 or 12 State Fullerton and other cheological fields. sites due to environmental nership between Cal State lected about 4-5 million spec- that are highlighted in the ex- schools to come in and use “We wanted to accomplish mitigation laws. County laws Fullerton and Orange County imens in total. Much of the hibit, but we probably have the collection for projects, re- two things in this exhibit,” require that a construction through OC Parks. exhibit’s content was decid- about double that going on,” search papers or thesis.” said Meredith Rivin, the as- site be searched for scientif- Students working at the ed on what was available and Pederson said. The exhibit opened Oct. 6 sociate curator for paleon- ic or cultural material before Cooper Center have involved would not hinder further stu- The display includes dif- and will remain in the library tology at The Cooper Cen- they break ground. themselves in a wide variety dent research. ferent archeological artifacts, until Dec. 31. For more infor- ter. “We wanted to, first of “I like to consider that [Or- of studies, ranging from map- Overall, it took around as well as specimens such mation, visit jcoopercenter. all, just share the wealth of ange County] is just one big ping archeological sites in the six months to plan and put as ammonite, oysters and 90 org/exhibits. Black Friday shoppers detract The percentage of Americans each year—3 a.m., 5 a.m., Friday shopping fell asleep shopper,” said she had a bad shopping on Black Friday will midnight and even Thanks- at the wheel and was killed experience at Walmart sev- decrease from last year giving night. in the wreck. Two out of the eral years ago. This year, several seven deaths occurred after She spent the night on the AUBREY SAULS stores are opening ear- crowds trampled a work- sidewalk with her sister be- Daily Titan lier than they did last er and a shopper to death fore Walmart opened for its Thanksgiving. once the stores opened their sales to buy a laptop. When Break out your tents, Adam Cummings, sales doors. One was in New it opened, the order of the follow us break out your lawn chairs, manager and supervisor York, the other in West line diminished. Shoppers break out your wallets and at J. C. Penney in the Brea Virginia. got out of line and rushed @theDailyTitan break out your determina- Mall, said this is the second The most recent Black to another side of the store tion. Black Friday and the year that the store will open Friday injury in California to beat the crowd. A riot season for holiday shopping on Thanksgiving. Last year, was the stabbing of a man ensued and the police were is upon us. they opened at 8 p.m. This in Carlsbad, according to called to the store. Black Friday is next choice is often based on NBC. Maxfield said it wasn’t a week, but stores are al- competitiveness with simi- Cummings witnessed in- good experience. ready preparing. The day lar stores. stances during his shift on Perhaps this overwhelm- after Thanksgiving is when “This year, Macy’s an- Black Friday last year. ing scene is what may keep many stores have their big- nounced they were going to “There was actually a people from shopping on gest sales of the year. For open at 6 p.m., so we want fight between two custom- Black Friday. It’s estimat- the past few years, however, ed that only 40 percent of stores have begun opening This year, Macy’s announced they were Americans will shop on Thanksgiving night because “ Black Friday this year com- it has been such a consistent “going to open at 6 p.m., so we want to pared to the 46 percent last success. It’s known to be get the drop on Macy’s and open up at 5 year, according to CNN. the busiest shopping day of p.m. that day. Some states have even the year. banned Thanksgiving shop- The term “Black Friday” ADAM CUMMINGS ping by prohibiting stores comes from an accounting J. C. Penney Sales Manager from opening on Black term. When a company is Friday and Thanksgiving. in the “red,” it means the to get the drop on Macy’s ers, which is the first I’ve Massachusetts, Maine and store isn’t making a prof- and open up at 5 p.m. that ever seen,” he said. “Two Rhode Island have passed it. However, when the store day,” Cummings said. guys were just looking at laws and regulations ban- is making a profit, it is said However, Black Friday each other the wrong way in ning retailers from opening to be in the “black.” It is a shopping isn’t for the faint the children’s department, on both Thanksgiving and day when retail stores end of heart. of all places. It was an hour Christmas. the night with a significant In the past eight years, after (the store opened) and The stores planning on profit. there have been a total of it was packed. There were opening their doors on In the 1960s, retail gi- 90 injuries and seven deaths spectators. It was crazy.” Thanksgiving are Walmart, ants opened their doors ear- related to shopping in the Workers are not the only Kmart, Sears, Macy’s, J. C. ly Friday morning, around United States on Black Fri- people who notice the chaos Penney, Target, Kohl’s, Best 6 a.m. In recent years, they day. The most recent death that occurs. Buy, Staples, Sports Au- have started to usher in the was last year when a teen Sandy Maxfield, who de- thority, Toys R Us, Big Lots hoards of people earlier driving home from Black scribes herself as a “savvy and Radio Shack.

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MARISELA GONZALEZ / DAILY TITAN When it comes to midterm voting, students aren’t likely to change their apathetic attitudes anytime soon. Only 13 percent of voters in this election were younger than 30, according to a Pew Research Center poll. Apathy toward voting won’t change Students don’t turn out at the election, only 36.9 percent made up in the 2012 presi- polls unless the ballot contains cast ballots. Then in 2012, dential election. issues that directly affect them the percent jumped to 53.7 Students are too percent. Admittedly, no elec- short-sighted and are incapa- AUBREY SAULS tion brings out all eligible ble of seeing the broader pic- Daily Titan voters. ture when it comes to caring Part of the reason people about something that greatly Midterm elections have are more likely to vote in affects others rather than just more informed voters than presidential, rather than mid- themselves. general elections. This is term elections, is because of Students care about mid- partly because most mil- their recognition of who’s on term elections if they know lennials don’t care as much the ballot, according to Mat- what’s at stake and what’s about midterms as they do thew Jarvis, Ph.D., associate important to them, said Scott general elections. professor of political science Spitzer, Ph.D., associate pro- Students are at an age at Cal State Fullerton. He fessor of political science for where they are selfish; if siad more than 96 percent of CSUF. However, he said stu- a candidate or proposition people can name the current dents are no different from doesn’t directly affect them, president, but only a third the general public during they aren’t going to vote. of people can name their midterm elections; the Such a perspective is un- representative. American people as a whole fortunate because it nega- “We can hardly expect are uninformed. tively impacts our democrat- people to vote in an elec- “I think people don’t pay ic process by allowing the tion for or against someone as much attention to elec- few informed individuals to they’ve never heard of,” Jar- tions unless the president is vote for the masses. More- vis said. “This is partly be- on the ballot. Students have MARISELA GONZALEZ / DAILY TITAN over, when younger individ- cause people don’t care, very low turnout as well in Voter turnout hit a 72-year low during this election. Only 36.4 percent of eligible voters voted in the uals opt not to vote, it leaves partly because media don’t midterm elections,” Spitzer 2014 midterm elections, according to a preliminary analysis study at the University of Florida. out an important voice of our give midterms as much cov- said. generation. erage (particularly of the He also said voter turnout It’s not just one side of Stephen Stambough, a really high-profile issue The apathy that stu- individuals involved), and is dependant on how tightly the political aisle getting the Ph.D., professor and chair involved, except this wasn’t dents take on during mid- partly because presidential contested that district’s race heat. It’s estimated that as of the division of politics, one of those years. term elections is apparent. contests are inherently more is. If the race is tight, there much as 34 percent of vot- administration and justice, Instead, this year Califor- These elections usually have competitive.” is more advertising, which ers were voting in opposition teaches classes on elections nia’s ballot had dull, yet im- a lower turnout than general Only 13 percent of voters translates into more public to President Barack Obama, and campaigns. He said mid- portant, initiatives and the elections. from this midterm election awareness. and 61 percent of voters were term voters aren’t necessar- gubernatorial race wasn’t Compare that with pres- were under the age of 30, Voters who went to the voting because they were dis- ily more informed, but are competitive. idential elections. In 2008, according to Pew Research polls this year went because satisfied with the Congres- rather habitual voters, who Students are not going to 57.1 percent of eligible vot- exit polls. In the 2010 mid- they were discontent with the sional Republicans. These consider voting part of their change. Unless politicians ers cast ballots in the elec- term election, they made up a current administration and are the voters who are paying identity. or propositions give students tion; this was the highest lev- whopping 12 percent. These wanted to see change with enough attention to get upset Similar to Spitzer, he also something they want, they el in four decades. During numbers are vastly differ- their local government, ac- with how public officials are believes students care about won’t take time out of their the subsequent midterm ent than the 19 percent they cording to ABC News. running the country. midterm elections if there’s day to vote.

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