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Scientific Advisory Committee Quarterly Newsletter Issue 6

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Scientific Advisory Committee Quarterly Newsletter Issue 6 Hot Topics Impact of a natural pyrethrin biocide on two amphibians, common toad Bufo bufo and palmate newt Lissotriton helveticus, in Highland Scientific Advisory Committee Quarterly newsletter David O’Brien, Jeanette Hall, Catherine O’Brien, Diane Baum & Lucy Ballantyne Issue 6, December 2013 SNH staff David O‘Brien and Jeanette Hall, with a local naturalist and staff from Lochaber Fisheries Trust, have published an article on the implications of crayfish control measures on non-target species. Welcome from the Chair A quarry pond at Ballachulish, Highland was treated with PyBlast (a biocide derived from Welcome to the SAC’s sixth newsletter. The natural pyrethrin) to eradicate a population of Scientific Advisory Committee met on 26 invasive non-native signal crayfish September 2013. We considered discussion Pacifasticus leniusculus. Although it was papers on ‘Natural Heritage Indicators and anticipated that pyrethrin application would success measures for SNH programmes’, lead to the death of all poikilothermic animals ‘Statistical robustness of National Performance present in the quarry pond, its use was Indicators’, ‘Knowledge exchange – shaping sanctioned as surveys did not reveal the SNH’s approach’, ‘Red squirrels – a review of presence of any protected or other scarce the science behind SNH’s approach’, and species. It was assumed that native fauna, ‘Native woodlands and ecosystem services’. including amphibians, would re-colonise from Minutes of the September SAC Meeting an adjacent pond which was not treated. provide summaries of these topics and are PyBlast (0.4 mg/l) was applied from 12 to 13 available from Linda Nicholls and will be June 2012. Follow-up surveys later in June, placed on the SNH web page. Discussion of and in August and September, found no live the paper on native woodlands was especially crayfish, but established the presence of challenging, as the paper considered possible common toad Bufo bufo tadpoles, and both management approaches to combat the likely, larval and adult palmate newt Lissotriton but uncertain, future impact of diseases on helveticus. All appeared developmentally and Scottish native trees. Impacts are quite likely behaviourally normal. These observations to be severe, and with the timescale of forest suggest that common toad and palmate newt replacement being in centuries rather than larvae are able to survive levels of Pyblast years, it is important to look far ahead. But generally lethal to crustaceans, indicating that such timescales also mean that it is impossible amphibian presence at a site should not to predict with confidence how woodland necessarily halt crayfish eradication landscapes will change over long timescales. programmes. Ash, larch, juniper and Scots pine woodland may all be dramatically different as a consequence of emerging disease; research is The full article can be found at: needed to assess approaches to mitigate and adapt for such changes. http://www.conservationevidence.com/individu al-study/5357#internal-article Information: [email protected] and [email protected] Bob Furness 1 SAC Working Group on Diversifying wintering waterbirds, like ducks and wading Native Woodlands birds, at sites across the UK that are internationally designated as ‘Special Duncan Stone Protection Areas’ (SPAs). It found that while these species are being affected by climate On 26th September 2013 SNH’s Scientific change, the UK SPA network will continue to Advisory Committee (SAC) considered a provide an important refuge for them. paper ‘Native Woodlands and Ecosystem Protected areas such as SPAs are a crucial Services – dealing with a broken system’. means of conserving wild spaces and rare That paper discussed the risks to native species, and we need to understand their woodlands in a rapidly changing environment, future role as climate change alters the global and made a case for a radical response to distribution of wildlife. reduce the risks to ecosystem functions through diversifying the tree species used. The research found that climate change can explain more than half of the observed 30-year In response to this paper and the SAC population trends of the 62 species studied, discussion, we are forming a working group to which included many species found in consider the issues in more detail. In internationally important numbers in the UK. particular, the group will consider the issues Based on this information, future projections surrounding ecosystem resilience, (such as under a scenario of 4˚C of mean global the objectives and evidence supporting these) warming would be likely to cause more than and evaluate the risks, costs and benefits of half of these species populations in the UK to different resilience options to a range of decrease by more than 25%. Climate change agreed woodland values and functions. is a long-term threat to some northern breeding seabirds, with large declines Objective of the working group: To consider projected for Arctic terns and guillemots, and the risks to native woodlands, and to assess to waterbirds which overwinter on our the costs and benefits of a range of estuaries in large numbers, such as eider and conservation woodland resilience options, in bar-tailed godwit. Some species like avocet the context of current and projected and snipe, whose populations may be limited environmental change. Since we are within a by cold winter weather, are anticipated to fast-changing environment, it is necessary to increase, alongside breeding common terns. consider the risks and benefits both of more radical options, and the status quo. Although there may be some change in the range of species which individual SPAs Information: [email protected] currently support, the study projected that these sites will continue to hold internationally important bird populations in the future. The SPA network may not stop some species declining, but will provide an increasingly Britain’s nature networks provide important refuge for our birds. The UK’s hope for birds threatened by climate existing SPA network provides a strong change foundation, which can be managed to keep pace with population changes of individual Andy Douse species, so that we can give our birds the best chance possible of coping with the future. New research provides strong evidence that internationally important British bird This project was funded by DEFRA with the populations are being affected by climate support of the Joint Nature Conservation change, which will threaten their long-term Committee, Natural England, Natural conservation status. The existing network of Resources Wales and Scottish Natural special sites protected and managed for these Heritage. The work was undertaken by the species will continue to be important for many British Trust for Ornithology, Royal Society for of the same species in the future. the Protection of Birds, University of Turin, Paris Natural History Museum and University The paper, published in the journal Nature of York. Additional data were provided by Climate Change and led by researchers at the BirdWatch Ireland, Groupement d'Intérêt British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), examined Scientifique Oiseaux Marins, International the impact of climate change upon breeding Waterbird Census, Ligue pour la Protection seabirds, such as puffins and gulls, and des Oiseaux, SOVON Dutch Centre for Field 2 Ornithology and the Wildfowl and Wetlands with support from SNH and the Bean Goose Trust. Action Group. The full project report, technical annexes and In October 2011, 15 birds were caught and a policy summary are at: ringed on the Slamannan Plateau, south of Falkirk. Four birds were fitted with Global http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu= Positioning System (GPS) - Global System for Menu&Module=More&Location=None&Compl Mobile communications (GSM) units or ‘tags’. eted=2&ProjectID=16731 The remaining 11 geese were fitted with standard plastic neck collars. In October The paper can be accessed from: 2012, a further six geese were caught and www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurre ringed, again on the plateau, with all six being nt/full/nclimate2035.html. fitted with GPS/GSM tags. Again in October 2013, 14 geese were caught and ringed, with Information: [email protected] four being fitted with the tags. The data derived from this work will add to our knowledge of winter site use, migration Revised SSSI Guidelines – part 1 corridors and staging/breeding ground locations, and generally where the birds have This month, after a lengthy gestation, JNCC been through the annual cycle. For example, published the revised “Guidelines for selection last year the tagged birds left Scotland via the of biological SSSI – Part 1”. This document Borders, Fife and Aberdeenshire, with staging sets out the rationale and operating principles posts in Denmark and Norway, before of SSSI selection and replaces the former reaching their breeding grounds in the parts A & B of the 1989 version. Specific northern part of Dalarna, Sweden. One bird, habitats and species are dealt with in Part 2 – Tag 7, before returning to the plateau last plans for review of these chapters are still September, spent six days touring Yorkshire! being developed. The Guidelines retain their GB focus. There is a separate approach to the The accumulated data lend themselves to selection of earth science SSSI. detailed analysis of habitat use on the Slamannan plateau, as well as identifying key The new, shorter and improved Part 1 was areas on the staging/breeding grounds for produced
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