CENSUS 1961 KERALA STATE

DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 8

QUILON

M. K. DEVASSY, B. A., B. L. OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIbNS, KERALA AND THE UNION TERRITORY OF LACCADIVE, MINICOY AND AMINDIVI ISLANDS

1967 PREFACE

The District Census Handbooks were started for the first time in the history of the decennial censuses in India in 1951. The Handbooks of the Travancore-Cochin and Madras States in the 1951 Census contained, besides a short account of the district and the people, important census tables for the' district and a village directory consisting of the area, houses, population, number of literates, the distribution of population by livelihood classes, the number of institutions and general information on amenities etc., in respect of every village. In the 1961 Census it was decided with the concurrence of the State Govern­ ment to continue the publication of the District Census Handbooks. The contents of the District Census Handbooks of the 1961 Census are, however, a little more ambitious than those of the 1951 Census Handbooks in that besides the items of information mentioned above a large number of tables giving general information about the districts have been added. The number of such tables comes to 41 besides 47 inset tables excluding those given in respect of census data. As far as possible, an attempt has been made through these tables to give an epitome of the progress made by the district in various fields during the inter­ censal period 1951-61. The book is divided into three parts. Part A gives a general description of the district, the progress made during the last decade, a review of the population, literacy, employment and unemployment, household econ6mic data etc., of the district based on census data and a gazetteer. The a~pendices to this part contain the various tables of general information on which the revjew of progress has been based. Part B contains the census data of 1961 comprising the general population tables, economic tables including household economic tables, social and cultural tables and special tables for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Part C is the village Directory. It is hoped that this handbook win serve as a useful reference book on the Quilon district.

A book of this kind could not have been compiled but for the hearty co­ operation and goodwill extended by the various departments of the State and Central Governments to whose kindness I am deeply indebted. The District Census Handbook section of my office consisting of a Statistical Assistant and a couple of Compilers has been in charge of the entire work of collection and compilation of the data for this handbook. At the time of addressing the various departments for collection of information for the District Census Hand­ books Shri H. Padmanabha Iyer of the Bureau of Economics and Statistics was the Statistical Assistant in charge of the Section. After a short period of work in this section he was transferred to the Tabulation Office, Kozhikode, as the

106j4198A. Tabulation Officer. He was succeeded by Shri S. Jayashanker of the Bureau of Economics and Statistics as Statistical Assistant in charge of this handbook. While Shri Padmanabha Iyer has rendered excellent service in piloting the work of the collection of data for the handbooks, Shri J ayashanker who succeeded him has borne the brunt of the work in the preparation of this handbook which involved a good deal of careful analysis and laborious compilation. I feel happy in acknowledging the vaiuable contribution made by them and particularly Shri Jayashanker in the compilation of this important book. I should also acknowledge the good work of the Compilers of the District Census Handbook section, Sarvashri K. N. Raman and E. V. Unnikrishnan Nair and of draftsman Shri S. Krishna Pillai who has prepared the entire set of maps given in the book.

I should express my deep sense of gratitude to Shri P. K. Abdulla, LA.S., Secretary to Governmep.t and Shri K. Swaminathan, Superintendent of Govemment Presses for the warm co-operation extended by them for the timely printing of this handbook. Above all I am grateful to Shri Asok Mitra, LC.S., Registrar General, for the valuable guidance and help extended to me in this work.

Trivandrum, 1st March 1967. M. K. DEVASSY

ii CONTENTS

PAGE PREFACE

PART A GENERAL

History of the district 3 Situation 3 Admini~trative ~its 3 Area, p~ysical features and natural divisions 3 River system 4 Mountains 5 Backwaters 5 Soils 6 Geology () Climate 8 Forests 9 Land tenures 10 Agriculture 22 Live-stock 27 Educational institutions 27 Public health 31 Vital statistics 33 Electrjc power 33 Communications 34 Industries 38 Trade 42 Fisheries 42 Community development 43 Revenue 44 Local self Government 44 Co-operative societies 44 Criminal justice . 45 S~llsavingsscheme 47 Printing presses and periodicals 47 Entertainments J,.7 Employment exchange activities 47 Importa~t events 47 Occupied houses and households 47 Growth of population 50 Population by taluks 50 Rural-urban distribution of population 51 Population by natural regions 51 Population density 52 Sex-ratio 53 Age 55 Marital status 55 Religion 56 Literacy and education 56 Languages 61 Birth place . 61 Workers and non-workers 62 Household economic data 70 Gazetteer 73

111 APPENDICES

PAGE Appendix I Normals of rainfall and rainy days (based on available data for the period 1901 to 1950) 81 Appendix 2 Rainfall 82 ,Appendix 3 Temperature 8'1 Appendix 4 Major and minor forest products 88 Appendix 5 Production of important crops for the last six years 90 Appendix 6 Retail prices of certain commodities 91 Appendix 7 Consumer price index numbers 97 Appendix 8 Live-stock and poultry (Live-stock Census, 1961) 98 Appendix 9 Agricultural machinery and implements (Live..stock Census, 1961) lOl Appendix 10 Colleges for the academic year 1960-61 102 Appendix 11 Technical institutions 102 Appendix 12 Number of persons treated for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 103 Appendix 13 Rural sanitation for the period 1950-51 to 1959-60 103 Appendix 14 Anti-adulteration activities for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 103 Appendix 15 Polymetric table of distances 104 Appendix 16 Facilities at various railway stations 106 Appendix 17 List of post offices 107 Appendix 18 Connections provided from telephone exchanges 109- Appendix 19 Annual average earnings of workmen in a category of work for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 110 Appendix 20 Handicrafts 112 Appendix 21 Number of industrial disputes resulting in work stoppages for the period 1951 to 1960 113 Appendix 22 Number ofindustrial disputes resulting in work stoppages by causes for the period 1951 to 1960 , 114 Appendix 23 Number of tonnage of vessels which entered or cleared. with cargo or in ballast at Quilon, Koilthottam portsl from foreign countries by nationalities and the tonnage of vessels which entered or cleared with cargoes at Qpilon port in casting trade by nationalities 115 Appendix 24 Import into the port of Quilon for the period 1951-52 to 1959-60 117 Appendix 25 Export from the ports of Koilthottam and Quilon 117 Appendix 26 Physical achievements and people's contribution for the period 1956-57 to 1960-61 118 Appendix 27 Receipts under exrcise revenue for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 120 Appendix 28 Sales tax revenue for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 121 Appendix 29 Agricultural income tax and agricultural supertax classified by grade of income for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 122 Appendix 30 Incidence of land 'revenue assessment for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 124 Appendix 31 Receipts under entertainment tax for the pe~iod 1950-51 to 1960-61 124 Appendix 32' Income of Quilon municipality for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 125

IV Appendix 33 Expenditure of Quilon municipality for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 125 Appendix 34 Income of panchayats for the period 1955-56 to 1900-61 126 Appendix 35 Expenditure ofpanchayats for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 126 Appendix 36 Nature and length of sentence of convicts in jails for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 127 Appendix 37 Number of police stations, strength of police personnel etc., for the period 1'958-59 to 1960-61 127 Appendix 38 Number of printing presses and periodicals for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 127 Appendix 39 Cinemas and public entertainment halls for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 128 Appendix 40 Employment exchange activities for the period 1958-59 to 1960-61 ' 128 Appendix 41 Important events during the last decade 129 PART B CENSUS DATA (i) STATE TABLES I AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION 3 II VARIATION IN POPULATION DURING SIXTY YEARS 4 III WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY SEX 6 (ii) QUILON DISTRICT TABLES A-General Population Ta}>les A-I AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION Fly-leaf II Table A-I 27 Appendix I Statement showing 1951 territorial units constituting the present set-up of Quilon district 29 Appendix II Number of villages with a population of 5,000 and over and towns with a population under 5,000 31 Appendix III Houseless and institutional populati~n 31 A-II VARIATION IN POPULATION DURING FORTY YEARS Fly-leaf 32 Table A-II 33 Appendix Statement showing 1951 population according to the territorial jurisdiction 1951, changes in area and the population involved in those changes 34 A-III VILLAGES CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION Fly-leaf 35 SPECIAL TABLE A-III KARAS CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION Fly-leaf 35 Table A-III 36 Special Table A-III 36 A-IV TOWNS (AND TOWN-GROUPS) CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION IN 1961 WITH VARIATION SINCE 1901 Fly-leaf 3B Table A-IV 39 Appendix I New towns added m 1961 and towns in 1951 declassified in 1961 41 v PAGE Appendix: II Details of constitution of towns with their area and jurisdiction 43 Appendix: III List of places which were taken into account for striking class totals of population at some census or other but which were excluded from reckoning in certain censuses when they did not enjoy urban status 43 8-EcODO:ID.ic Tables NOTE 44 £-1 WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND BROAD AGE-GROUPS Fly-leaf 45 Table B-1 46 B-III INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF WORKERS AND NON­ WORKERS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Fly-leaf 49 Table B-III Part-A 50 Table B-III Part-B 52 £-1"\ INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND CLASS OF WORKER OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN AT CULTIVATION Fly-leaf 54 Table B-IV Part-A 64 Table B-IV Part-B 67 Table B-IV Part-C 71 Appendix: to B-IV Part-C 74 Table B-IV Part-CCi) 77 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION Fly-leaf 79 Table B-V 80 Appendix 106 B-VI OCCUPATIONAL DIVISIONS OF PERSONS AT WORI<, OTHER THAN CULTIVATION CLASSIFIED BY SEX, BROAD AGE­ GROUPS AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN URBAN AREAS ONLY Fly-leaf 109 Table B-VI 110 B-VII Part-A PERSONS WORKING PRINCIPALLY {i) AS CULTI­ VATORS (ii) AS AGRICULTURA,L LABOURERS OR (iii) AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND BY SECONDARY WORK (i) AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY (ii) AS CULTIVATOR OR (iii) AS AGRICULTURAL LABOURER Part-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY Fly-leaf 114 Table B-VII Part-A 115 Appendix to B-VII Part-A 117 Table B-VII Part-:8 118

VI. PAGE B-VIII PERSONS UNEMPLOYED AGED 15 AND ABOVE BY SEX, BROAD AGE-GROUPS AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Fly-leaf 129 Table B-VIII Part-A 130 Table B-VIII Part-B 132 B-IX PERSONS NOT ~T WORK CLASSIFIED BY SEX, BROAD AGE-GROUPS AND TYPE' OF ACTIVITY Fly-leaf 133 Table B-IX 134 B-X SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS (i) ENGAGED NEITHER IN CUL TI­ VATION NOR HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY (ii) ENGAGED EITHER IN CULTIVATION OR HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY BUT NOT IN BOTH AND (iii) ENGAGED BOTH IN CULTI­ VATION AND HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY FOR ALL AREAS Fly-leaf 139 Table B-X 140 B-XI SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTiVATION CLASSIFIED BY INTEREST IN LAND AND SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY Fly.:)eaf 141 Table B-XI 142 B-XII SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION ONLY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF LAND CULTIV ATED AND NUMBER OF FAMILY WORKERS AND HIRED WORKERS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY Fly-leaf 143 Table B-XII 144 B-XIII SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED BOTH IN CULTIVATION AND HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY SHOWING SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED CLASSIFIED BY PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY Fly-leaf 148 Table B-XIII 149 Appendix 149 B-XIV SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED ONLY IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY :J;>RINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN ALL AREAS Fly-leaf 150 Table B-XIV Part-A 151 Appendix 151 Table B-XIV Part-B 152 I B-XV SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED BOTH IN CULTIVATION AND HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF LAND IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY Fly-leaf 153 Table B-XV 154 B-XVI SAMPLE PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY PERIOD OF WORKING AND TOTAL NUMBER OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN ALL AREAS Fly-leaf 159 Table B-XVI 160 Appendix 164

VJJ 10614198 A PAGB B-XVII SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE AND PARTICIPATION IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION OR INDUSTRY Fly-leaf 165 Table B-XVII 166 C-SociaJ and Cultural Tables ~OTE 168 C-I COMPOSITION OF SAMPLE HODSEHOI"DS BY RELATION­ SHIP TO HEAD OF FAMILY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED Fly-leaf 169 Table C-I 170 C-II AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Fly-leaf 172 Table C-II 173 C-III AGE, SEX AND EDUCATION Fly-leaf 176 Table C-III Part-A 177 Tabl(" C-III Part-B 178 Table C-Il I Part-C 180 C-V MOTHER TONGUE Fly-leaf 181 Table C-V 184 C-VII RELIGION Fly-leaf 186 Table C-VII 187 C-VIII SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES Fly-leaf 189 Table C-VIII Part-A 190 Table C-VIII Part-B 190 D-Migration Tables NOTE 192 E-Housing and Establlshm.ent Tables NOTE 192 SCT, SO &: ST-Special Tables for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes N~E l~ SCT-I INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONS AT WORK AND NON-WORKERS BY SEX FOR SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES Fly-leaf 195 Table SOT-I Part-A 196 Table SOT-I Part-B 200 SOT-II AGE AND MARITAL STATUS FOR SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES Fly-leaf 203 Table SCT-II Part-A 204 Table SCT-II Part-B 208

viii PAGE SOT-III SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES CLASSI- FIED BY EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Fly-leaf 210 Table SCT-III Part-A (i) 211 Table SCT-III Part-A (ii) 212 Table SCT-III Part-B (i) 213 Table SCT-III Part-B (ii) 214 SCT-IV RELIGION FOR SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES Fly-leaf 215 Table SCT-IV Part-B 216 SCT-V SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS' ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION CLASSIFIED BY INTEREST IN LAND AND SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED IN RURAL AREAS ONLY FOR MEMBERS OF SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES Fly-leaf 217 Table SCT-V Part-A 218 Table SCT.. V Palt-B 218 SC-l PERSONS NOT AT WORK CLASSIFIED BY SEX, TYPE OF ACTIVITY AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS FOR SCHEDULED CASTES Fly-leaf 219 Table SC-I 220 ST-I MOTHER TONGUE AND BILINGUALISM FOR SCHEDU­ LED TRIBES Fly-leaf 222 Table ST-I 223 ST-I1 PERSONS NOT AT WORK CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND TYPE OF ACTIVITY FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES Fly-leaf 224 Table ST-II 225 PART C VILLAGE DIRECTORV (i) PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT Fly-leaf 3 Pathanamthitta taluk 6 Kunnathur taluk 12 Karunagapally taluk 18 Quilon taluk 24 Kottarakara taluk 42 Pathanapuram taluk 50 (ii) AMENITIES 1 EduCational and reading facilities 61 2 Medical facilities 64 3 Drinking water facilities 66 4 ,Communication and transport facilities 68 5 Electrification facilities 71 6 Miscellaneous 74 (iii) INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS 83 (iv) INDEX OF VILLAGES AND KARAS 89 LIST OF MAPS 1 Quilon District 2 Pathanamthitta taluk 3 Kunnathur taluk 4 Karunagapally taluk 5 Quilon taluk 6 Kottarakara taluk 7 Pathanapuram taluk

ix I N ., QUILON DISTRICT

--.:;_. STATE 'BOUNDARY - •.-. - DISTRICT BOUNDARY •••••. - ••••••.•• TAlUK BOUNDARY MllEi 10 I a .. 2 0 to, 20, ' i i ,.'M • 20 ;,0 KILOMETRES

10 VAZH\l1t

AllEPPEY l?JSTRICT

o I

LEGEND _-iii-NATIONAL HIGHWAY ___ " STATE HIGHWAY ---- LOCAL !lOAD - ~- 110 .. ~ RAflWAY ~ RIVF.~ LAKE AND CANAL ~ TALUK HEAOQUARTERS ' • DISTRICT H£ADQUARTERS

E

Printed J,t O.S.O. Tftqndrum A..O,1868. PART A GENERAL

1064198 .\

PART A--GENERAL

History of the District 4. Quilon is the only municipal town in the district. 1. This district was formerly part of the erstwhile This district has 13 Development Blocks besides 87 Travancore State. Many territorial changes have Panchayats. taken place in the boundaries of the district from time Area, Physical Features and Natural Divisions to time. Among these the changes that were effected 5. With an area of 1,827.3 sq. miles* this district during the present decade are more significant as far ranks fifth in respect of area and second in respect as this handbook is concerned. On 1st July 1956 a of population. From the mountains in the east, the part of Shencottah taluk consisting of portions of land slopes to the west in a series of hills and valleys Puliyara, Achenputhur and Shencottah villages which traversed by some important rivers of the district. lie on the western side of the Western Ghats were The sea-coast with a length of 26 miles is a flat, sandy transferred to the Pathanaputam taluk. On 1st October, alluvial strip of land. This narrow strip of land 1956 a portion of Periyar Game Sanctuary of Ranni bordering the sea with five lakes viz., Sastham­ village of Pathanamthitta taluk "With an area of 172.4 cotta, Ashtamudi, Paravoor, Nadayara and Edava sq. miles was adqed to Mlappara village of Peermade and a net work of canals apart from the cocoanut taluk of Kottayam district. By this change the entire gardens may be called the lowland. For purposes Game Sanctuary was brought under the revenue district of convenient demarcation this region may be put at .of Kottayam. The changes that have taken place at below 25 feet above the mean sea level. To the east the village level on 1st October 1956 are furnished of this coastal tract lies the midland region consisting .in the fly-leaf to table A-I. On 1st November 1956 two of valleys and the plains broken here and there by iso­ important changes have taken place, the transfer of lated hills leading to the forest clad uplands. This Shencottah taluk to Madras State as per the States Re­ region lying between 25 feet and 250 feet above the organisation Act, 1956 and the formation of Chengannur mean sea level is conspicuous for the cultivation of taluk. When the new revenue district of Alleppey was paddy, cocoanut, cashewnut, rubber and tapioca. formed on 17th August 1957 Shertalai, Ambalapuzha, The midlands are succeeded by the highlands consist­ Mavelikkara, Karthigapally, Chengannur and Thiru­ ing of high mountain peaks, long spurs, extensive valla taluks were transferred from the Quilon district ravines, dense forests and tangled jungles. These and included in the Alleppey district. At present this areas lie beyond 250 feet above mean sea level. The district has six taluks viz., Karunagapally, Kottarakara, important crops of this region are tea and rubber. It.unnathur, Pathanapuram,Pathanamthitta and Quilon. 6. Pathanamthitta, the north-eastern and the largest Situation taluk of the district is hilly and covered with extensive 2. This \ district is bounded on the north by the impenetr able forests. 560.24 sq. miles represent the AUeppey and Kottayam districts, on the east by the area of the unsun-eyed hills. There are several peaks Tirunelveli district of the Madras State, on the south by above 4,000 feet in height, the highest being Sivagiri the Trivandrum district and on the west by the Arabian Peak with 5,723 feet. This taluk is watered by Pamba Sea. It is situated between north latitudes 8 0 45' and Achankovil rivers. The chief crops are tapioca and 0 and 9 0 27' and east'longitudes 76 29' and 77 0 17'. rubber in addition to some tea estates. To the south­ west of Pathanamthitta taluk lies the Kunnathur taluk. A.cbni.nistrative Units The eastern portion of this taluk is hilly and covered 3. The district is constituted of six taluks viz., by forests. The chief crops are tapioca, cocoanut and Karuitagapally, Kottarakara, Kunnathur, Pathanam­ cashewnut. Situated west of Kunnathur taluk, thitta, Pathanapuram and Quilon. There are 99 Karunagapally taluk lies almost entirely on the sandy revenue villages in the district. They are distributed region. This sea-coast taluk is an important centre among the various taluks as given below. of coir industry. The important crops are cocoanut and StatelDent I paddy. Quilon, the headquarters taluk, is an indus­ DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES trially developed tal uk. It is well served by back­ No. of villages lying Total No. in towns waters. Cocoanut, tapioca and paddy are the chief Area III of revenue ,,----A.____., crops. The Kottarakara taluk lies entirely in the Taluk sq. miles villages Wholly Partly midland region. Forests occur in the southern portion K;u-unagapally 77 90 II of this taluk. The important crops are cashewnut, Kottarakara 212.98 18 Kunnathur 150.55 16 paddy and cocoanut. Pathanapuram taluk of thr Pathanamthitta 762.77 19 district lies entirely in the highland region. It is Pathanapuram 476.32 16 Quilon 146.82 19 * 4,732.7 sq. km.

10614198 A RIVER SYSTEM

flanked on the east by the majestic Western Ghats~ It then turns and follows a south-we&telly direction The Arienkavu pass is the only pass from this district till it is joined by Kakki Aar. Kakki Aar originates to the Madras side. It has an easy descent from the from the Gundarakal Plateau at about 5,000 feet and mountains to the open country to the east of the Ghats. flows in a north-west direction up to a level of 1,250 7. The following statement gives the area of the feet above mean sea level and then turns in a westerly district by natural divisions. direction up to a level of 700 feet and then flows north­ wards to join Pamba Aar. The Kakki Aar which Statement 2 forms a major tributary of Pamba river flows almost NATURAL DIVISIONS parallel to the original stream and are separated by a Total Rural Urban ridge. The combined river viz., Pamba river and Natural DIVision III sq. miles III sq. rrules III sq. miles Kakki Aar then adopts a south-westerly direction and Total 1,827.3 1,812.3 15.0 meanders through dense forests and tangled jungles Highland 1,148.8 1,148.8 up to Ponachi and Perunthenaruvi. Here the river Midland 540.8 536.5 4.3 falls over rocks, 25 feet high, and this combined river 137.7 Lowland 127.0 10.7 takes the name of Perunthenaruvi. From here the 8. The number of villages and towns lying in the river flows on a south-westerly direction up to Nara­ three natural divisions with their areas are given below. yanamuzhi. At this place the river adopts a south­ eastern direction till its confluence with Kakkad Aar. Statement 3 The Kakkad Aar, another important tributary of TALUKS BY NATURAL DIVISIONS Pamba, is formed by Muzhi Aar and Manianar which Area III sq. mdes and number of have their origins in the Kakki Malai and Valia Medu r------~------_. Villages Iymg in Towns lying in respectively. The Pamba river then flows in a southern ~ direction till itsiconfluence with Kall Aar at Vadasseri­ High- Mid- Low- Mid- Low- kara. From Vadasserikara the river turns to north­ Taluk land land land land land west up to Ranni dnd then takes a south-westerly course. Karunagapally No. 10 In this region the Pamba river~ isiknown as Ranni Aar. Area 7.6 70.3 Here it is a powerful stream 0[600 feet broad. I t then flows Kottarakara No. 18 Area 212.9 in a westerly course up to Kuriannur and then adopts Kunnathur No. 2 14 a southern direction up to Kozhencherry when it again Area 33.6 117.0 turns and flows to west up to Pandanad. The river Pathanamthitta No. 10 9 then enters the Alleppey district at ThottapuzhasserJ. Area 695.3 67.5 Manimala river which originates from Mothivara Pathanapuram No. 10 6 hills of Peermade talukjoins the Pamba river at Valan-'. Area 419.9 56.4 jivattam. The Achankovil river which rises from the ' Quilon No. B 10 I 2 Parukida Mettu, Ramakkal Tefi and Rishi Mala joins Area 75.1 56.7 4.31 10.64 the Pamba river at Veeyapuram. The Pamba river Kundara is the only town which lies in the midland then empties itself into the Vembanad lake through region of the district. several branches. The main river has a catchment area of 763 sq. mile~ which yield an annual run-off River System of 222,800 million cubic feet. 9. The important rivels of this district are Pamba, Achankovil, Kallada and Ithikkara. 11. The Achankovil river has its source from the 10. Pamba, the finest and the third longest river Pasukida Mettu, Ramakkal Teri and Rishi Mala at in the State, is formed by the confluence of Arudai Aar, altitudes ranging between 2,300 feet and 3,800 feet. PambaAar, KakkiAar,Kakkad Aar and KallAar. Ithas This river forms the comnion boundary between Patha­ a length of 110 miles. The original stream Pamba fr~m namthitta and Pathanapuram taluks for more than 20 which the river takes its name rises on the hills north miles. From Achankovil the river adopts a north­ of Pulichi Malai and after traversing a long distance is westerly course till Kumbazha. About a mile and a joined by Arudai Aar which rises on the Peermade half upstream of Torai forest Kall Aar joins the main Plateau. The river then adopts a north-westerly river. From Kumbazha, it turns west and flows in that course of flow with a number of falls and receives direction for a few miles. t.hen southwards for 3 miles some more streams from the Karuvattupara Malai. and afterward, again reSllmes its original westerly

4 BACKWATERS

direction of flow till Idappamon, whele it turns north­ lake near Meenad. Th4 liver has a catchment area west up to Thazhakkara and thereafter flows westwards. of 270 sq. miles which yield an annual run-off of 42,000 At Tharai mukku, the Kuttenperoor canal branches million cubic feet. The river is navigable to a length of off from the main river and joins the river Pamba at 10 miles. During its course of flow the river passes very Parumala. The river then splits up into several smaller near to the important places like Ayur, Chadayaman­ b'fanches and the main branch follows a north-westerly galam, Chathanur and Kottiyam. directlOn and joins the Pamba river at Veeyapuram. Mountains The river enters the Alleppey district about three miles to the west of Kaipattur. It has a length of 80 14. The eastern portion of the district is flanked miles till its confluence with the Pamba river at Veeya­ by the Western Ghats commonly known as Sahyadri. puram. The catchment area of the river is 446 The height of the ghat shows a gradual decrease from sq. miles with an estimated annual run-off of 76,000 north to south. The major portion of the hilly tract million cubic feet. is in the taluks of Pathanamthitta and Pathanapuram. Sivagiri Mala is the highest peak of this district. 12. The Kallada river is formed by the confluence of the rivers Kulathupuzha, Chendumi and Kalthu­ Mountain Height ruthy. These rivers have their origins distributed in Papanasam range and Ponmudi range of the Western SivagIri Mala 5,723 feet Meen Mala Ghats. The Kulathupuzha is formed by the confluence 5,690 Koyil Mala 5,272 " of Pongumalai Aar, which has its origin in Karimalai Changu Mala 5,105 " Kadakkal in Papanasam range, the Sinikala Aar PuIa Mala 4,927 " which rises in Sinikala hills and Sankalipalam Aar Aladi Mala 4,777 " Kakkiar Mala " which has its origin in the Ponmudi range. The 4,028 Pamba Mala 3,869 " combined river adopts a north-westerly direction !ill Velakalli Mala 3,824 " Moyala Mod where it turns to a northern direction. Kadama Mala 3,723 " It is joined by ,the Chendumi Aar at Kalang Kunnu. Mahalivadam Mala 3,691 " " This tributary is originated from the Karimalai, Kadakar Ambari metu Mala 3,566 Muthira Mala " andj Alwakurichi peaks and flows in a north-westerly 3,417 Karungoli Mala 3,003 direction till its confluence with Kulathupuzha Aar. Nedumpara Mala 2,921 " The Kalthuruthi river on the other hand is formed by Padlkkattu Mala 2,788 " the confluence of several streams originating from the Koda Mala 1,953 " " Perianuruthi Malai, Padikath Malai, Kottavasal Teri, Achenkovil Mala 1,750 Ayiravally Mala " Pillaivar Kovil Malai and Suvamagiri Malai and 1,730 Rose Mala 1,418 " flows in a south-westerly direction and then adopts a " westerly cOdrse up to Thenmala. From Thenmala Backwaters the river flows in a north-west direction under the name of Punalur Aar up to Urukunnu and then turns IS. The importan t lakes of this district are Sastham_ westwards till its confluence with Chit Aar at Mukka­ cotta, Ashtamudi, Paravoor, Edava and Nadayara. davu. The river then takes a north-west tum till Sasthamcotta lake with an area of 1.44 sq. miles Pathanapuram. It then adopts a westward direction is the only fresh water lake in the district. It has till Enath whereafter it follows a south-westerly course a maximum depth of 47 feet. No streams 01' rivulets till it empties itself into the Ashtamudi kayal. It flow into it. The Ashtamudi lake covers an area of has a length of 75 miles with a catchment area of 600 20 sq. miles, its extreme length and breadth being 10 sq. miles and an annual run-off of 76,000 million cubic and 9 miles respectively. The Ashtamudi lake is so feet. It has a navigable length of 25 miles. called because it branches offinto eight creeks known by different names. The Kallada river empties itself 13. Ithikkara, the smallest river in the district into this lake. Ashtamudi kayal has an outlet to the has a length of 35 miles. It originates from the low sea at Neendakara. The Paravoor kayal though only a hills situated near Madathurakani and flom the hills small one, is very deep and dangerous on account of its located south-v.est ofKulathupuzh3. The river adopts a being very close to the sea. Edava and Nadayara north-westerly direction till Irathur Malai from where kayals lie partly in this district and partly in Trivan_ it flows west up to Pampira and then takes more or drum district. They are connected with the sea by less a south-westerly course till its exit into the Paravoor bars which are opened during the monsoon season.

5 10614198 A SOILS

Soil. cleared this soil gradually undergoes laterization. The 16. The soils of this district may be classified as soil is particularly suited for plantation crops such as sandy, laterite and forest soils. The sandy soil covers tea and rubber. It is strongly acidic in reaction. the entire Karunagapally taluk and on a small coastal belt of Quilon taluk. The sandy soil varies in tex­ ture from sandy loams to pure sand and is highly porous Geology having very little retentive capacity. Cocoanut is 17. The distlict from east to west may be divided mostly grown in this soil. The soil is extremely defi­ into four belts according to the Geological formations cient in all the major plant foods and lime. The occurring in this region. The belts are orientated more primary requirement is organic matter. It is slightly or less north to south and consist of (i) a belt of cry­ acidic in reaction. To the east of sandy soils lie the stalline rocks of Archean group, (ii) a belt of residual laterite soil. It extends to the entire region of Kunna­ laterite, (iii) a narrow belt of Warkalli beds of the thur and Kottarakara taluks, eastern region of Quilon Tertiary group and (iv) a western-most belt of recent taluk and western sectors of Pathanamthitta and deposits. The crystalline rocks of this district consist Pathanapuram taluks. The laterite soil is formed by of leptynites and charnokites and a few ultra basic weathering mainly of acidic rocks under alternate wet intrusives. A corderite bearing rock has been reported and dry tropical conditions. The typical laterite to occur in association with the charnokites around soil is characterised by a vesicular structure and the Kozhencherry. Gabbro, dolerite and dunite rocks accumulation of hydrated oxides of iron and alumi­ are also seen existing in some parts of the district. nium. Most of the bases and silica have been removed Occurring as a belt west of the Archean crystalline by drastic leaching. At or near water table the soil rocks the residual laterite is the resultant product of material is soft and can be cut into blocks which harden the in situ alteration of those rocks. The Warkalli on exposure. This material makes excellent bricks formation consists of a succession of sand stones and for building purposes. The soil is porous and well variegated clays, at time carries lignite. The beds drained and has poor retentive capacity and fertility. range in age from upper Miocene to Pliocene. At Where the rainfall is only 70" to 80" the soil has not Paravoor and in the neighbourhood of Quilon a highly developed into true laterites. There is accumulation fossiliferous limestone is seen underlying the Warkalli of iron and aluminium in such type of soil and it shows beds. This in Indian Geology is known as the Quilon many of the properties of laterites. It does not have limestone. Recent deposits include the renowned placer the vesicular structure peculiar to true laterites and deposits of Chavara and neighbourhood. They are cannot be used as building stones. This soil is more being extensively exploited. fertile than pure laterite soils. All garden land crops like cocoanut, areca-nut, fruit palms etc. are grown in Economic Minerallil this soil. The forest soil covers the eastern region of the 18. Monazite, Ihnenite, Zircon, SiIliminite etc, \ district complising the eastern sectors of Pathanam­ come under this group and flIe worked in the Chavara thitta and Pathanapuram taluks. This soil is chara­ area for Government by three mining companies. cterised by a surface layer of organic matter derived The bulk of the mineral production goes for eXpolt to from forest growth. It is rich in nitrogen but extre­ United Kingdom, United States of America and other mely poor in bases due to heavy leaching. The phos­ countries. The following statement gives the quantity phate content is also very low. When the forests are and value of minerals for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61.

6 GEOLOGY

Statement 4 PRODUCTION OF MINERALS FOR THE PERIOD 1950-51 TO 1960-61 *

Monazite Ilmenite Silhroinite r- r r- Q).tantity VaJue Quantity Value Quantity Value r-~---' r----A------.. Year Tons cwt. lb. Rs.nP. Tons cwt. lb. Rs. nP. Tons cwt. lb. Rs. nP.

1950-51 200,462 0 0 3,608,316.00 1951-52 H3 0 0 56,760.00 220,897 0 0 3,976,146.00 1952-53 585 11 0 70,266.00 213,848 0 0 3,849,264.00 1953-54 443 18 0 53,268.00 236,904 0 0 4,264,272 .00 1954-55 309 5 0 37,110.00 234,186 5 0 4,215,352.50 1955-56 106 6 0 12,756.00 226,712 15 56 4,407,296.35 1956-57 320,817 2 56 6,236,692.69 5 5 100 456.09 1957-58 171 3 56 20,541.00 276,732 17 28 5,379,686.85 1958-59 387 15 0 46,530.00 282,795 14 56 5,497,548.90 o 0 4.31 1959-60 161 11 0 19,386.00 283,085 7 0 5,503,177.00 1 10 0 129.21 1960-61 13 7 0 1,602.00 201,527 11 56 3,683,679.07 o 10 0 43.07

Zircon Rutile Mica

QIantity Value Quantity Value Q).tantity Value ______..,...__ ~------.. r------A-.------, Tons cwt. lb. Rs. nP. Tons cwt. lb. Rs.nP. Tons cwt. lb. Rs.nP.

-4-3 0 0 8,442.62 91 2 0 17,886.57 93 13 0 18,385.24 104 8 0 28,710.00 0 16 0 68.91 184 7 54 50,703.12 3 0 2 258.47 179 4 0 49,280.00 2 14 0 232.58 544 5 56 149,675.62 Waste rounds 10 1 56 Mica blocks 0 0 97 1,660.50 12 5 II 1,055.40 528 0 i45,213.75 Waste rounds 10 6 12 Mica blocks 2 15 5 +,731.36 214- 8 0 18,468.42 316 14 0 87,092.50 Block rounds 3 9 87 Waste rounds 66 4 66 14,512.10 0 2 0 8.61 700 12 0 192,665.00 Block rounds 1 2 105 Waste rounds 2 8 0 1,668.50 965 0 0 265,375.00

* Source:-Department of Geology Statement 5 19. Ball ~lay deposits are found at Padappakara, PRODUCTION OF CHINA CLAY·· Cherukulam, Cherumuthsseri, Velliman and Kum­ Quantity Value bal~, places on the shores of the Ashtamudi lake. Year Tons cwt. lb. inRs. China clay ofhigh grade occurs at Kundara, Chathanoor 1950-51 1,828 27,420.00 and other places and are actively exploited. Tile 1951-52 1,279 19,185.00 clays occur in various places in the district and are 1952-53 2,399 16 35,997.00 1953-54 1,390 20,850.00 widely used for the manufacture of tiles and bricks. 1954-55 2,170 32,550.00 The production and value of china clay for the period 1955-56 2,027 30,405.00 25,275.00 1950·51 to 1960-61 is furnished below. 1956-57 1,685 1957-58 1,939 29,085.00 1958-59 2,955 44,325.00 1959-60 3,327 17 49,917,75 1960-61 3,359 18 68 N'A *. Source:-Department of Geology N.A.-Not available

7 10014198 A CLIMATE

20. Phlogopite mica (Amber coloured) is mined from March to May, south-west monsoon from June at Piravanthoor situated six miles north-west ofPunalur. to September and the retreating or north-east monsoon This mine is worked on a small scale. 3,599 tons of from October to November. quartz sand have been exploited during the year 1960-61 from the Quilon district alone. The Garnet (a) Temperature mineral which can be used as an abrasive occurs as 22. The only Meteorological Observatory in the good crystals in gneisses at Elavanthitta. The cry­ district was established at Punalur in April, 1956. The stalline rocks are used for building purposes and as temperature of this centre varies from 15.70 C to road metal. Laterite is also used as building stones. 38. 4 0 C. The temperature in the coastal region is comparatively less than the interior. Clbnate 21. The climate of this district more or less Ie­ (b) Humidity presents the equatorial conditions. Like other parts 23. A statement showing the percentage of mean of the State this district has also four seasons the dry relative humidity recorded at the Punalur Observatory weather from December to February, hot weather is furnished below.

Statement 6 HUMIDITY· 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 ,---A..----, ,..-~ ,..---"------, ,..-~ ,..---A._-, ,..---"------,. 8.30 17.30 8.30 17.30 8.30 17.30 8.30 17.30 8.30 17.30 8.30 17.30 Month 1ST 1ST 1ST 1ST 1ST 1ST 1ST Is1 1ST 1ST 1ST 1ST January 76 40 86 46 82 61 73 44 aD 55 February 76 44 85 49 a2 49 70 39 a6 50 March ao 55 83 55 71 52 al 55 78 50 April 83 66 a4 66 87 72 83 72 a5 71 a3 64 May 88 73 90 74 93 82 91 ao 92 80 89 75 June 93 51 95 79 93 78 93 83 93 74 94 84 July 92 73 95 77 93 72 95 81 92 78 94 83 August 93 75 91 76 93 78 91 74 92 74 94 82 September 93 72 86 62 93 64 89 76 95 77 90 71 October 89 79 89 76 92 75 92 75 95 76 88 77 November 90 75 87 70 90 76 87 74 94 83 78 64 December 81 50 86 58 82 67 78 52 86 58 78 55

·Source:-Indian Meteorological Department

StateUlent 7 The highest percentage of mean relative humidity RAINFALL BY SEASONS at 8.30 hours was 95 in the months of June and July Dry weather Hot weather South-west North-east 195-7, July 1959 and September and October 1960 Decembert March Monsoon Monsoon while for 17.30 hours was 84 in the month of June tu to June to October to February May September November 1961. At 8.30 hours and 17.30 hours the lowest per­ Year mm. mm. mm. mm. centages of humidity were during the month of Normals·· 121 0 510.2 1,541.2 587.8 February 1960. 1951 70 6 485.8 1,411.3 473.3 1952 138.l 664.8 1041.6 495.2 1953 163.6 257.9 1,316.4 589.7 1954 24 6 624 7 1,197.3 422.3 (c) Rainfall 1955 108.7 653.6 1,441.8 550.0 1956 33.4 366 6 1,117.9 625.0 24. The district has nine rain-guaging stations 1957 47.3 579.4 1,438.3 427.4 1958 98.6 725.0 1,377 3 422.5 sparsely situated to record the rainfall data for the 1959 64.8 684.8 1,835 2 339.4 different regions of the district. As stated above the 1960 63.4 1,022.7 1,353.4 677.4 Average for year may be broadly divided into four seasons. The the decade 81.3 606.5 1,353 1 502.2 following s tatemen t shows the rainfall in millimetres tData for December relates to the prevIOus year during the above seasons. ..Based on available data for the period 1901 to 1950

8 FORESTS

25. The dry weather season conunences by the this range are Konni, Kumaramperoor and Poodical: later half of December and prevails up to February. The whole of Konni division comes under the Quilon On an average the rainfall recorded is 3.5 days in district. There are three ranges in this division viz., December, 1.5 days in January and 1.8 days in Konni, Naduvathumuzhi and Mannarapara. Of February. During the last decade the driest dry these Konni range falls in the Pathanamthitta taluk. weather season was in 1954. The important reserves in this range are Kodumon, Kumaramperoor, Konni (portion), Mundomozhi and 26. The dry weather season is succeeded by the hot Aruvapalam teak plantation. The Naduvathumuzhi weather season. It starts by the first week of March range on the other hand lies in two taluks viz., Patha­ and lasts upto the second or third week of May. Dur­ namthitta and Kunnathur. The important reserves ing the last decade on an average the rainfall recorded of this range are Kadiyar Teak plantation, Anakulam is 4.5 days in March, 8.8 days in April and 11.4 days north, Anakulam south, Konni reserve (portion) and in May. The driest dry weather season was in 1953 Achankovil reserve (portion). The Mannarapara range during the decade 1951-61. falls in Pathanapuram taluk. Portions of Konni and 27. The south-west monsoon locally known as Achankovil reserves constitute this range. Punalur Edavappathi begins by the third week ofMay. Clouded division is situated entirely in the Quilon revenue district. skies and about 25 days rainfall in a month are the This division is further divided into two ranges, Patha­ chief characteristics of south-west monSoon. On an napuram and Anchal. About nine sq. miles of Anchal average the rainfall recorded is 22.0 days in June, range falls within Kottarakara taluk. The remaining 21.5 days in July, 17.3 days in August and 12.7 days portion of Anchal range and the whole of Pathana­ in September. During the decade 1951-61 the wettest puram range are within the Pathanapuram taluk. south-west monsoon was in 1959 and mildest in 1952. There are 14 reserves in the Anchal range viz., Yeroor reserve (portion), Vengoor, Airavally, Cherevallur, 28. The north-east monsoon succeeds the south­ Iruttur, Altharamala, Airanallur, Theruvambhagom, west monsoon. This monsoon is locally known as Chadayamangalam (Fuel reserve), Chadayamangalam Tkulavarsham. On an average, during the season, (Fodder reserve), Nedumpara, Anchal, Veliyam and the rainfall is 15.3 days in October and 11.0 days Velinallur. The Pathanapuram range is constituted in November. During the last decade the monsoon of nine important reserves viz., IChithelvetti, Kadak­ is heaviest in 1960 and mildest in 1959. kamon, Punnala, Sheliakara, Kuriothumala East 29. The normal rainfall and rainfall data for the and West Blocks, Piravanthur, Piravanthur (Exten­ period 1951-61 for Adoor, Karunagapally, Kottarakara, sion), Achankovil and Ezhukone Grazing block. The Konni, Nilamel, Pathanamthitta, Paravoor, Punalur and Thenmala division is divided into three ranges viz., Quilon (P1W.D.), is furnished in appendices 1 and 2. Thenmala, Arienkavu and Achankovil. All these The temperature recorded at the Punalur Observatory ranges are in the Pathanapuram taluk. Arienkavu is furnished in appendix 3. (portion) and Kulathupuzha (portion) are the important reserves in the Thenmala range. Arienkavu range is Forests constituted of Arienkavu (portion) and Achankovil 30. The forest area of this district occupies the reserves while of the Achankovil range is divided into major portions of Pathan(j.lllthitta and Pathanapuram Achankovil (portion) and Konni (portion) reserves. taluks and small portions of Kottarakara and Kunnathur Portions of Kummil and Kulathupuzha reserves of taluks. These forests fall under five forest divisions Palode and Kulathupuzha ranges respectively of viz. Ranni, Konni, Punalur, Thenmala and Trivan­ Trivandrum Forest Division lie in the Kottarakara drum. Ranni division is situated in Quilon and and Pathanapuram taluks of this district. Alleppey districts. The total extent of the division 31. The forests of this district are classified as is nearly 264 sq. miles. There are two ranges in this deciduous, semi-evergreen, evergreen and grass lands; division viz. Ranni and Chittar. The Ranni range Deciduous forests of this district occupy the middle falls in Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla taluks. The portion of the district lying up to an altitude of 1,500 feet. importan t reserves in Ranni range are Shethakkal With adequate fire protection these deciduous forests reserve, Shethakkal extension reserve, Karikulam tend to become semi-evergreen forests. The top reserve, Rajampara reserve, Konni reserve and Ranni canopy of the semi-evergreen forests consists of deciduous reserve. The whole of Chit tar Range falls within the species noted in the moist deciduous types of forests. Pathanamthitta tal uk. The important reserves in Evergreen forests g~nerally exist over a height of about

9 LAND TENURES

:l,500 feet except in river banks and folds of hillocks Proclamation of 1947 of Travancore basic tax was where they are seen even at lower elevations. The introduced on all lands with the exception of Sree­ grass lands are generally noticed in the upper reaches pandaravaka and Sreepadam lands. Power was also along the eastern limits and form the catchment areas reserved with Government to exempt any other land of the rivers that rush down to the Arabian sea. The from the imposition of basic tax. With the enact­ table showing the quantity and value of major and ment of this law the .ienmom lands in Travancore gene­ minor forest produces of Ranni, Konni, Puna1ur and rally lost their tax-free character. Thus, most of the Thenmala divisions are furnished in appendix 4. jenmom lands have lost their primary distinguishing feature viz., ft'eedom from taxation. The rights Land Tenures possessed by jenmi over jenmom land is one of ownership 32. The Kerala Agrarian Relations Act, 1960 in the soil as complete as ever was enjoyed by a free­ dealing with the tenancies in Kela1a as a whole came holder in England. The title of the jenmi is inherent into force in part on 15th February 1961. But Con­ and the jenmi is a little territorial sovereign over his sequent on the decision of courts on certain questions land by virtue of this ownership. Barring a few cases arising out of this Act, the operation of the Act was the jenmis used to let out jenmom lands for cultivation suspended by a Proclamation dated 18th December to others enjoying only the benefit of rent derived there­ 1962, and the Act was repealed whw the Kerala Land from the manner of so letting the land varying accord­ Reforms Act 1963 was enacted. Thus the position ing to the tenure created. There were three kinds of with regard to Land tenures as on 1st March 1961, jenmom lands. One is freehold which is entirely exempt the reference date for 1961 Census, is as if the Kerala from the payment of tax to Government under any Agrarian Relations Act 1960 had not been in force. circumstances. Lands originally held free from pay­ Subsequently the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963 ment of tax but became subsequently liable under was passed which 'Vitally affects the tenancies in Kerala. cel tain conditions constituted the second category and It is, therefore, necessary to give an account of the lands paying rajabhogom or a light tax from the very land tenures as they stood on 1st March 1961 without beginning, the third. The first was called adhikara taking into account the Kerala Agrarian Relations ozhivu and desa ozhivu, the second devaswotn and brahma Act, 1960 and as after the enactment of the Kerala swom lands and the last madambimar vaka lands. The Land Reforms Act, 1963. shades of difference among the various categories of jenmom lands have, however, lost their significance with Land Tenures as on 1st March 1961 in the fOl'Dler the imposition of tax on these lands. The tenure Travancore Area analogous to jenmom in the portions of the former Proprietary ownership Shencottah taluk of Travancore now remaining with Kerala State is called brahmadayam. Jenmom and Brahmadayam 33. Under the category of proprietary ownelship Sreepandaravaka lands there are two kinds of ownership, one which is inherent in the original occupation of land and the 34. These are lands belonging to Sree Padmana­ bhaswami Temple and held tax-free. Most of the other which was conferred by Government on the holders of Sirkar lands. The first category is known lands are outstanding with tenants on various terms, as jenmom. In Shencottah taluk this may be equated the tenures being pattom, otti, thanathu, kudijenmom, and and they all corres­ with brahmadayam. The traditional account is that kudumbaporuthi, danam viruthi pond to the characteristics 'of the like tenures of Sree Parasurama made a gift of the entire land in Kerala to Brahmans who, thereafter, enjoyed the full pandaravaka. proprietary ownership of the land. This tradition is, however, not accepted by all. It is evident from the Sreepadam lands trend of authorities that a considerable portion of tp.e 35. These lands which are tax-free consist of free­ land in Kerala was owned by certain individuals or hold and other lands owned by the Sreepadam palace. families among whom were a large number of N am­ The freeholds are the private properties of His High­ boothiris and Nairs. Jenmom lands were formerly ness the Maharaja of Travancore, the Attingal Ranis tax-free; but when once alienated to others they were having the right to appropriate the revenue from the subject to a light tax and the right over lands so alie­ lands. Most of these lands are outstanding with nated was known as kudijenmom. By the Land Tax tenants.

10 LAND TENURES

Kaadukrishi Lands competent to alienate them at-will but on transfer 36. These were originally sthanam properties of His the conditions of tenure underwent a change by a Highness the Maharaja of Travancore subsequently process called ottivilkanom. The process of ottivilkanom given over to Government. The lands are outstanding was subsequently abolished and it was ordered that the with tenants either as kandukrishi pattom lands or as properties held on otti tenure be treated as favourably kandukrishi thanathu lands. The tenants were assessed lands or inams with proprietary rights. originally only tenants-at-will. Special rules called Personal Inams Kandukrishi Rules regulated the relationship with 39. There are two kinds of inams viz., personal and tenants but later Government have amended this rule service inams. The former are granted for the support with a view to facilitate the enfranchisement of these of individuals or families either as a reward for the lands and the conferment of the proprietary ownership services rendered or as a mark of favour as distinguished on the tenants on certain conditions. from those granted for future performances of services Pandaravaka, Pandarapattom and Perumpathu in the case of service inams. Service inams being con­ 37. Apart from the category of lands over which ditional on the performance of services do not .carry the owner has inherent proprietary right there remained with them absolute proprietorship. But in the case of the land over wh;ich nobody except Government had personal inams absolute proprietorship with right of full proprietary right. These lands are called Sirkar alienation is available in respect of certain grants, lands. A good portion of such lands was originally while in the case of others certain conditions like pro­ leased out to private individuals who were occupying hibition of alienation or resumption after the life time them as tenants of the Government. The Travancore of the inam-holder would have been incorporated Government, by a Royal Proclamation known as the in the grant. Pattom Proclamation conferred rights of permanent Anubhogam occupancy upon a large body of verumpattom holders 40. Anubhogam means land given as kudiyiruppu under the Sirkar who until then held the land, in theory or otherwise to persons belonging to the same caste at least, as tenaIl;ts-at-will. This Proclamation, which as that of the grantor bearing a small rent or tax for has rightly been called the Magna Carta of the ryots their maintenance for no service of any description, of Travancore, created permanent rights of occupancy eg., gifts by the goodwill of the sovereign. aJiIlounting to ownership, heritable and alienable, subject only to the payment of Government dues. Palanchottu Viruthi Subsequently, by another Proclamation known as the 41. This denotes gifts made for the maintenance Devaswom 'Proclamation al~ the Sirkar !Devaswomvaka of officers and domestic servants of the Sovereigns in lands were also converted into pandaravaka lands. former days. The owners o( these lands enjoy full proprietary owner­ ship, heritable 'and transferable and liable only to the Manibham payment of tax to Government. The above tenure 42. This consists of lands granted to those persons known as pandaravakd or pandarapattom has its analogous who rendered good service to the State. part in the portiolls of the former Shencottah taluk Ardhamanibham retained in Kerala under the tenure called perumpathu. 43. This includes inam lands charged with pattom Pandaravaka Otti only the other half being remitted as compensation 38. This denotes a class of holdings by ryots by for services rendered. virtue of certain transactions in which a deed of money Karamozhivu Sarvamanibham consideration has been entered, the Sirkar being the 44. This is an honourary grant made to persons mortgagor and the tenant the mortgagee. Most of of distinction for signal services rendered. these have originated from the Sil'kar having conquered or taken possession of tracts including properties given Adima over to the ryots by 'Rajas' and petty chiefs of old for 45. This is a grant of land by 'Rajas' or petty chiefS sums borrowed or the Sirkar succeeding to rights of generally to their domestics for cultivation for personal certain chieftains whose properties were held by tenants services, past or future. The adima grant for past for moneys advanced by them. The lands were all services is not resumable and the grantee has absolute along considered the property of the holders who are powers of disposal of the same.

11 LAND TENURES

Thiruvallam. and Thiruvoclayalam. Holders are entitled to undisturbed possession so long as they continue to discharge the services. The land 46. These consist of lands granted by 'Rajas' or is liable for resumption either on failure to perform big jenmis to their domestics for some special reasons. the servicc~ or on alienation. Most of the service Gurudakshina inams of Travancore are known by the name viruthis. 47. This is a gift given by 'Rajas' to the gun, or These are of immense variety. Koothuviruthi is granted teacher as reward for educating the members in the for the performance of koothu or story telling, kottu­ viruthl for beating of drums, vallavi1uthi for bringing royal family. boats for ceremonies, anavirutht for the supply of ele­ Rakshabhogam phants for festivals, malaviruthi for the supply of flower 48. Includes land given to some tenants by the garlands to the temples etc., are some of the examples 'Rajas' and Madambimars for rescuing them from dangera·, of these service mams. Most of the names under which personal znarns are granted like adirna, anubhogam etc., Dhanapramanam are found in the case of service wams also when 49. This indicates land given to the Brahmins by they are granted for the due performance of future 'Rajas' a.nd other Chieftains for ministering to their services. spiritual benefit. Lands held under Private Persons or Institutions Kudiyiruppu Kanapattom 50. This is a dwelling site granted at pleasure 54. This is a demise ofjenmom land made or renewed registered in the ryot's name and bearing a light assess­ by the jenmi. Kanon! means the arthom or considera­ ment, sometimes tax-free. tion paid for kanapattom and also includes the value of Ubhaya Umbalalll improvements made by the tenants and treated as 51. This is a personal inam in the former Shencottah arthom or consideration. Jenmom land under the taluk of Travancore-Cochin granted for services ren­ Jenmi and Kudiyan Act is land other than pandara­ vaka, sreepadamvaka, kandukrish~ or Sirkar DevaJwom land dered. So far as personal inams granted by the Govern­ recognised as such in the Sirkar account, which is either ment of Travancore covered by the settlement are entirely exempt from Government tax or if assessed concerned, all of them carry absolute proprietorship, to public revenue, is subject to rajabhogam only and alienable and heritable. the occupancy right in which is created for a money Lands held llDder Gove,..nm.ent consideration (kanom) and is also subject to the pay­ 52. Next to the lands with proprietary ownership ment of michavarom or customary dues and the payment come lands held under Government on tenures less of renewal fee. The relationship between the tenant substantial than ownership. The main tenure which and jenmt was, until recently, governed by the Jenmi comes under this category is the lease. A lease of and Kudiyan Act under which the jenmi shall not have 'poramboke lands' or trees standing thereon or both the any right, claim or inter~st except the right to receive land and the trees together either with time limit or the jenmtkaram and the t(:nant shall be deemed to be without time limit is known a~ kuthakapattom. The the owner of the land subject only to the payment of pattom or rent payable to Government is. fixed at the jenmikaram which was collected by the Government time of granting the lease. The land IS resumable on behalf of the jenmi and made over to the latter either on the termination of the lease or even during deducting the collection charges. By the enactment the tenure of the lease if it is for public purpose. The of the Jenmikaram Abolition Act, 1960, the kanapattom lease is non-transferable and liable to cancellation on lands were enfranchised and the liability to pay jenmi­ transfer. The Government of Kerala have issued rules karam was abolished. The kafiOmdar became the owner under the Land Assignment Act providing for the of the kanom land thereafter. The right of a kanomdar registry of Sirkar lands whether given on kuthakapattom is both heritable and transferable. or otherwise provided they are available for registry and Marayapattom or Patta Otti the assignment of lands under these rules is in progress. 55. This is a lease granted on receipt of one year's Service lnams rent or less as advance. The tenancy was one at-will 53. These are inams granted by Sirkar to families or till the evictions were stayed by temporary legislation& .individuals for the performance of certain services. pending the implementation of further land reforms_

12 LAND 'l'IINURES

Mara Pattom or Karanma .Pattom After:the~enactlDent of the Kerala Land Reforms 56. This is a lease granted in perpetuity on pay­ Act, 1963 ment of rent or "other dues annually. The tenanITs 63. The Kerala LandSReforms Act, 1963 repealed not to be evicted if he pays the annual dues. the Kerala Agrarian Relations Act, 1960, the Malabar Tenancy Act, 1929, the Cochin Verumpattomdars VenpattolD or VerulDpattom Act Vln of 1118, the Madras Cultivating Tenants 57. This is a lease for a year or for years, the rent (Payment of Fair Rent) Act, 1956, and the Travancore­ being settled and payable annually. The tenant had Cochin Prevention of Eviction of Kudikidappukars no fixity of tenure and is in the same position as the Act, 1955, and enacted a single statute governing the tenant of a maraya pattom. relationship between landlord and tenant throughout the State. Ravotti or Ura Otti 58. This is a tenure less substantial than otti. The ExelDptions from the provisions regarding holder can merely enjoy the land. This is an inferior tenancies kind of mortgage ordinarily redeemable unless the 64. Subject to certain provisos, the provisions occupancy right created by the document is subject regarding tenancies in this Act are not applicable to to periodical renewal. (i) leases of lands or buildings or both belonging to or vested in the Government of Kerala or the Govern­ Michavarom Otti ment of any other State in India or the Government 59. By this tenure the creditor is authorised to of India or a local authority or a Corporation owned collect michavarom. He is in fact put in possession and or controlled by any of the above Governments, (ii) remains in possession by collecting and enjoying the leases only of buildings and the site thereof with the rents; he is not the less in possession because_ this debt land, if any, appurtenant thereto, (iii) leases of land is charged on some other rights such as adukkuvathu or of buildings or of both specifically granted for in­ etc., of his debtor also. These transactions are like dustrial or commercial purposes, (iv) tenancies of land ottis enforceable and redeemable within the period or buildings or of both created by the Administrator­ of 50 years. General or the Official Trustee or an Official Receiver Karanma or officer appointed by a Court of Wards, or by any 60. This constitutes the alienated properties or person holding under or deriving titles from any of the officers or the court, (v) tenancies in respect of other emoluments granted for the performance of service in Devaswoms. This is liable for cancellation land or buildings or of both created by mortgagees in possession or by persons deriving title from such or suspens~on on default in the performance of services. mortgagees except a cultivating tenant holding land Varom in the taluks of Hosdrug or Kasaragod to which the 61. This ,is purely a crop sharing arrangement. Malabar Tenancy Act, 1929, did not extend under a Ordinarily no' fixity of tenure was associated with this lease granted before 15th February 1961 by a usu­ arrangement. But the position has changed since the fructuary mortgage as defined in the Transfer of enactment of temporary legislations prohibiting eviction Property Act, 1882, (vi) tenancies in respect of land of varorndarJ and the Kerala Land Reforms Act, or of buildings or of both created by persons having 1963. only life interest or other limited interest in it, (vii) leases of private forests except where a person was laams entitled to fixity of tenure immediately before 21st 62. The same kinds of personal and service inams January 1961 under any law then in force, (viii) tenan­ granted by Government referred to supra have some­ cies in respect of plantations exceeding thirty acres times been granted by private individuals and insti­ in extent, (ix) tenancies in respect of kayal patasekharams tutions also in respect of lands owned by them. The of Kuttanad area specified in Schedule IV of the Act nature of the right will depend upon the terms of the so long as such patasekharams are used for the culti­ grant. A kudikidappu in the former Travancore and vation of paddy or such other crops as may be notified Cochin areas was not recognised as a tenure. But by Government, (x) tenancies in respect of sites, tanks certain temporary legislations had given them freedom and premises of any temple, mosque or church in­ from eviction and the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963, cluding sites on which religious ceremonies are con­ completed this pcocess. ducted and site~ of office buildings and other huilding:.

13 LAND TE;NURES attached to such temple, mosque or church created by (4) To define the rights and liabilities of kudi­ the owner, trustee or manager of such temple, mosque kidappukars; and or church, (xi) lands transferred for felling trees and any. (5) To place a ceiling on the ownership and transaction relating only to the usufruct of trees or to possession ofland and provide for the disposal of excess the tapping of cocoanut or other palmt:ees or t~ the land. tapping of rubber trees. The exemptlO~ me~tlOned There are also some provisions of secondary Im­ above in respect of Government leases IS subject to portance in addition to the above. the proviso that in the case of kandukrishi lands sub­ leased by a tenant holding such lands under Govern­ Fixity of Tenure--Tenants and tenancies ment, the provisions of Sections 13 to 26 of the Act 66. For a proper appreciation of the provisions shall, so long as the lease granted by the Government relating to tenancies as a whole the definitions of tenants subsists apply to the tenants holding under the sub-lease and tenancies are of supreme importance. A tenant as they apply to tenants holding lands other than means any person who has paid or has agreed to pay Government lands. In respect of the exemption rent or other consideration, for his being allowed by relating to tenancies created by the Administrator­ another to possess and enjoy the land of the latter, and General etc., mentioned above, the exemption shall includes an intermediary, a kanomdar, a kanom-kuzhi­ cease to apply to any tenancy created by the Court kanomdar, a kuzhikanomdar, a mulgenidar, a verumpattomdar) of 'Nards, where the landlord on whose behalf the of any description (including a customary verumpattomdar) tenancy was created does not terminate the tenancy the holder of a chalgent lease, the holder of a kudiyiruppu, by a registered notice within a period of six months the holder of a vaidageni lease, an odacharthudar or a from the date on which the property was released fi·om person claiming under an odacharthudar who was the superintendence of the Court of Wards. Pro­ actually cultivating on the 11 th day of April 1957 and visions of Sections 13 to 26 of the Act, relating to fixity was continuing to cultivate at the commencement of tenure will apply to exemption granted to tenancies of this Act the land or any portion of the land to which created by mortgagees in possession or by persons the odacharthu relates, a mortgagee with possession of deriving title from such mortgagees or by persons having immovable property situate in Cochin if the property only life interest cr other limited interest in the land comprised in the mortgage consists of agricultural or buildings or both so long as the mortgage or the land other than planted with rubber, coffee, tea or life interest or other limited interest subsists. Where a cashew and the ,interest on the mortgage amount is tenancy is created by a nissanthathi kavaru as defined less than forty per cent of the total rent fixed in the in the Madras Aliyasanthana Act, 1949, in respect of mortgage documen~, a mortgagee ,with possession of lands or buildings or both over which the nirsanthathi immovable property situate in Cochin if the property kavaru has only a life interest, the exemption will apply comprised in th.e IJ}ortgage consists of agruultural only regarding Sections 53 to 72 and not others govern­ land, he was by himself ot through any member of his ing tenancies. In the case of tenancies in respect of family or tarwad h~ldingll the property comprised in agricultural lands which are treated as plantations the mortgage as a verumpadomdar on or after 1st Chingam\ under sub-clause (c) of Section 44 of Section 2 of the 1111 and the verumpatto"fI was , termmatL. d a Iiter ,1st. Act the exemption referred to supra shall apply only Ghingam, 1111 and bef9re Ithe commencement of ,this to Sections 53 to 72 of the Act. Provisions of Sections 4 Act but he continued in ~possession of the property to 52, 73 and 74 of the Act wiII apply to tenancies in without interruption by himself or through any member respect of kayal patasekharams of the Kuttanad area in of his family or tar wad, as a mortgagee with possession spite of the exemption mentioned about them supra. from the date of such termiI1ftion till the commence. The Government are also given limited powers of ment of this Act, any person ;yho, on llth April, 1957 exemption under the Act. was 'continuously in occupatioA of the land of another situate in Malabar for not less t}\an two years, honestly 'Ihe Scope and Objects of the Act believing himself to be tenant 'and continued to be 65. The main objects of the Kerala Land Reforms in occupation of sucll land at t~e commencement of \ }. ct, 1963 are:- this Act, any person who, by virtue of the provisions (1) To confer fixity of tenure on tenants; of Section 6 of the Kerala Stay of Eviction Proceed­ (2) To fix the fair rent in respect of a holding; ings Act, 1957, was entitled to cultivate any ntlam after (3) To confer the right of purchase of the land- 11 th April, 1957, and was cultivating; the nilam at the lords' rights, title and interest on the cultivating tenants; commencement of this Act, a tenant who, on or aftee

14 LAND TENURES

11th April, 1!J5/, was hOldmg Idnd le~s lU extent than that there had been a provision fot such renewal in the ceiling area and had executed a deed surrendering the document. Kanom-ku;;;hikanom means and includes his leasehold right to the landlord but had not actually a transfer by a landlord to another person of garden transferred possession of the land to the landlord before lands or of other lands or of both, with the fruit bear­ the commencement of this Act, a punam or kumri culti­ ing trees, if any, standing thereon at the time of the vator, a licensee in Kuttanad area, a vafomdar, a vechu­ transfer, for the enjoyment of those trees and for the pakuthidar and a person holding land pituate in any purpose of planting such fruit-beating trees thereon, part of the Hosdrug or Kasaragod taluks to which the the incidents of which transfer. include:- Malabar Tenancy Act, 1929, did not extend under a (a) a right in the transferee to hold the said lands transaction described in the document "evidencing liable for the consideration paid by him or due to him, it as bhogya, otti, nattotti, arwar, illidarwq,r or krithasartha which consideration is called kanartham, and illidarwar, but not being a usufructuary mortg~e as defined in the Transfer of Property Act, 1882. Where, (b) the liability of the transferor to pay to the I in a document, a person is described as a sambala- transferee interest on the kanartham unless otherwise pattomdar, sambaldchittudar or coolipattomdar in respect agreed to qy the parties. A usufructuary mortgage of any nilam situate in the Palghat district, he shall be as defined in the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (Central presumed to be a tenant unless it is proved that he has Act 4 of 1882) is not a kanom-ku;;;hikanom. Kudjyiruppu not undertaken <).ny risk o[ cultivation. A 'cultivating means a holding or part of a holding consisting of the tenant' means a. tenant who is in actual possession of, site of any residential building, the site or sites of other and is entitled tb cultivate, the land comprised in the buildings appurtenant thereto, such other lands as holding. Kano11J- means the transfer for consideration, are necessary for the convenient enjoyment of such in money or in kind or both, by a landlord of an in­ residential building and easements attached thereto terest in specific immovable property to another person but does not include a kudikidappu. Ku;;;hikanom means for the latter's enjoyment, whether described in the and includes a transfer by a landlord to another person document evidencing the transaction as kanom or of garden lands or other lands or of both with the fruit­ kanapattom the incidents of which transfer include:- bearing trees, if any, standing thereon, at the time of (a) a right in the transferee to hold the said the transfer, for the enjoyment of those trees and for the property liable, for the consideration paid by him or purpose of planting such fruit-bearing trees thereon due to him; but shall not include a usufructuary mortgage as defined in the Transfer of Property Act, 1882. Punam or kumri (b) the liability of the transferor to pay to the cultivation means fugitive or intermittent cultivation transferee interest on such consideration unles~ other­ of paddy on dry lands in Malabar and "punam or wise agreed to by the parties; and r kumri cultivator" means a person who has raised crops (c) f\ayment of michavarom or cus,tomary dues or by punam or kumri cultivation in any year between 1953 renewal on the expiry of any specified period; and in and 1959 and where there are successive cultivators areas other tha~ Malabar, includes such transfer of in respect of the same land the cultivator who raised interest in sRecific immovable property which is des­ crops last by such cultivation during the said period. cribed in the document evidencing the transaction as Holder of a chalgeni lease means a lessee or sub-lessee oui, karipanalam, pr:nayam, nerpana;yam or by any other of specific immovable property situate in the taluk of name and which, has the incidents specified in sub­ Hosdrug or Kasaragod in the district of Cannanore who clauses (a) and (b) above and also the following inci­ has contracted either expressly or impliedly to hold dents:- the same under a lease, whether for a specified period J or not. Mulgeni means a tenancy in perpetuity at a (i) renewal on the expiry of any spe~ified period and fixed invariable rent created in favour of a person (ii) payment of customary dues. called mulgenidar. Vaidageni means a lease [or a term K anapattom or any other demise governed by the of years. Varom means an agreement for the cultiva­ Travancore Jenmi and Kudiyan Act of 1071 or the tion of nilam with padd y and sharing the produce made Kanom Tenancy Act,1955, is not a kanom for the purposes between the owner and the person who undertakes of this Act. Where there has been no stipulation in the cultivation under such arrangement and includes the document evidencing the transaction for renewal on arrangements known as pathivarom, pankuvarom and the expiry of any specified period, but there has been a pankupattomj and varomdar means the person who under­ renewal or payment of renewal fees, it shall be deemed takes cultivation under a varom agreement. Vechu-

15 LAND TENURES

pakuthy means a transaction whereunder a land-owner sthani or the trustee or owner of a place of public ~ permits another person to be in joint possession with ligious worship) or any member of his family; him of any land with the following stipulations;- (c) For the bona fide purpose of cultivation "., (i) Vechupakuthidar shall improve the land within the: landlord (other than a sthani or the trustee or t~ specified period; owner of a place of public religious worship) or any member of his family; (ii) at the end of the period so specified (d) In respect of agricultural lands interspersed (a) the land shall be partitioned between the within the boundaries of the area cultivated with planl land-owner and the vechupakuthidar; tation crops, where such holding or part thereof is necessary for the purposes of plantation; and (b) upon such partition all the rights of either (e) If the tenant of the agricultural lands men­ party over the portion of the land set apart tioned under (d) above wilfully commits any act of for the. other shall stand transferred to and material waste in the plantation. vest in the other; and In the case of (b) above resumption is allowed only (iii) duriqg the period between the date of the upto 20 cents where resumption is sought on behalf of tramaction aforesaid and the partition of the land the one person and up to 50 cents where it is sought on vechupakuthidar shall pay to the land-owner such rent behalf of two or more persons. The total extent of land as may be specified. Verumpattomdar means a lessee in the possession of the landlord shall not be raised or sub-lessee of immovable property, whether: called above five standard acres and the total extent of land verumpattomdar or venpattomdar who has expressly or in the possession of the tenant shall not be reduced below impliedly contracted to hold the same under a lease 20 cents in the case of such resumptions. Any land with or without security for rent and includes a thari­ held by a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Icuthukaran in the Palghat district but does not include Tribe as tenant is exempted from such resumption! a kanomdar, a konom-kuzhikanomdar or ku;:;hikanomdar. In the case of resumption under (c) above the total 'I'Customary verumpattomdar" means any verumpattdmdar exten t of land in the possession of the landlord shall of im'~ovable proprrty situate in any area to which the not be raised above the ceiling area and the total Malabar 'Tenancy Act, 1929, extended, who before the extent of land in the possession of the cultivating tenant commencement of the Malabar Tenancy (Amendment) shall not be reduced helow the ceiling area by such Act, 1951, was entitled by the customs of the locality resumption. The resumption is allowed only from a in which the land was situated to possession of the ten Illt who is i-';l possession of land above the ceiling said land for a definite period of years, and for whose area. A small nblder (other than a stham or the trustee continuance thereon, after the termination of that or owner of 'a' place of public religious worship) is period for a further period, a renewal fee had to be however, allowed~to reslIme from his tenant a portjon paid to the landlord as incident of the t~nure. of the holdin:g not exce~ding one half provided th~t by such resumption thel total extent of land in; the Fixity of Tenure possession of the smalYholder shall not be raised tbove 67. The Act confers fixity of tenure on every tenant four standard acres or fo\n· acres in extent whichever in respect of his holding except where the tenant hords is greater and, that except as provided in sub-sections under a landlord who is a member of the armed forces (2) ,!na (3) of section 53 of the Act no land shall be or is a seaman if the tenancy was created by such resumed ~from a tenant w~ was entitled to fixity of landlord within a period of three months before he tenure in respect of his holding immediately before became a member of the armed forces or seaman or 21st January 1961 under any law then is force. A where the tenant holds under the legal representative ':Small holder" means a landlord who does not have of the landlord. Resumption is allowed in the follow­ interest in land exceeding eight standard acres or 24 Ing cases;- acres in extent, whichever is less, as owner, inter­ (a) For the purpose of extending a place of pv.blic mediary or cultivating tenant or in two or more of the religious worship provided the Collector Q[ the dislrict above capacities so however that the extent of non­ ::ertifies that the same is so needed; resumable land in his possession as owner or as cultivat­ ing tenant, or partly as owner and partly as cultivating (b) For the bona fide purpose of constructing a tenant does not exceed four standard acres or four acres building for the residence of a landlord (other than a in extent whichever is greater. A person who was in

16 LAND TENtJ.RES

~~ession of, or ~ad interest in land exceeding the be taken into account in fixing the fair rent of such l~ts mentioned above before 1st December 1957 holding. The cultivating tenant or any landlord bqt such extent of land was reduced to th~ said limits may apply in the prescribed form to the Land Tribunal or below by partition or transfer effectFd after the for determining the fair rent in respect of a holding. above date shall not be deemed to be a ,small holder Where in respect of a holding there is an intermediary nor shall such partition or transfer entitlb the allottee at the commencement of this Act and as a result of the or transferee to exercise the rights of a small holder in determination of the fair rent there has been a reduction respect of the land allotted or transferred to him. No or increase in the rent payable by the cultivating tenant. resumpti~m of a kudiyiruppu is allowe,d whether it is the rent payable by the intermediary to his landlord sought b'y small holder or not. Subject to certain shall be reduced or increased in the same proportion exemptions a time limit of one year from the ~pm­ as the rent to which he was entitled was reduced or mencement of the Act has been fixed for preferring increased. The landlord and the tenant are com­ applications for resumption. The Act also contains petent to agree as to what shall be the fair rent payable provisions for the, grant of compensation for improve­ and where such an agreement is filed with the Land ments and solat~um to the tenant from whom any Tribunal the latter shall pass orders determining such land is resume9. agreed rent as the fair rent. Where the rent p~yable I 68. An appl~cation for restoration by a cultivat- has not been determIned by the Land Tribunal the ing tenant fr0rr- whom land was resumed for con­ landlord shaH be entit1ed to receive and the tenant shall struction of a residential building or for personal culti­ be bound to pay the rent that was payable immediately vation or on the;ground of the land being necessary for before the commencement of this Act. In the case of a purposes of plantation will lie if within three .yefirs of varomdar such rent shall mean the average of the share such resumption the person who resumed the land fails of the landlord in the produce for the three years without reasona~le excuse to use the land for the purpose immediately preceding such commencement, or, where for which it was resumed. The restoratiqn is allowed the varomdar was not cultivating the land continuously only subject to certain limitations enjoined by the Act. for the said period of three years, the share of the land­ lord for the year in which the uaromdar cultivated the Fair Rent said land immediately before such commencement. 69. The fair rent in respect of a holding is the Where there has been a damage to, or failure of crops> rent payable by the cultivating tenant to his landlord owing to causes beyond the control of the tenant in and it shall be the rent calculated at the rates specified any holding, the tenant shall be entitled to a remission in Schedule III applicable to the class of lands com_ of the rent payable by him in proportion to the extent prised in the hblding, or the contract rent, whi~hever ofi such damage or failure. The remission is to be is less. When the fair rent in respect of a holding has ordered by the District Collector or any other officer been deter-mined under any law in force immediately authorised by Government by notification in the 1 before 21st ,:\an~ary 1961, the fair rent so determined Gazette. shall be deemed to be the contract rent. Where a cultivating tenant 9r an intermediary is holding under a Purchase of Landlord's rights by Cultivating; small holdei', the lair rent shall, at the option of the Tenants small holder, be the rent calculated at the rates spe­ 70. The Act enables the cultivating tenants entitled cified in Schedule III applicable to the class of lands to fixity of tenure to purchase the landlord's rights comprised in the holdi~g; or where the fair rent in in the holding. The provisions in this respect have,. respect of the holding has been determined under any however, not yet been fully enforced. A summary law in force immediately before 21st January 1961 of the salient provisions in this respect is given below. such fair rent, or, where the fair rent has not been so A cultivating tenant (including the tenant of a determined 75 per cent of the contract rent. The kudiyirippu) who is entitled to fixity of tenure undelO fair rent payable by a cultivating kanomdar or a culti­ Section 13 is also entitled to purchase the right, title, vating customary verumpattomdar shall not exceed the and interest of the land-owner and the intermediaries, michavaram payable by such kanomdar or the rent if any, in respect of the land comprised in the holding payable by such customary verumpattomdar as the case provided he or the family of which the cultivating­ may be. Where any land included in a holding is set tenant is a member does not own an extent of land apart for communal purposes and is used for such not less than the ceiling area. Where he or the family purposes, the extent of the land so set apart shall not of which he is a metnber owns land less than the ceiling;

17 10614198 A area the right of purchase is allowed only -to the extent cent of the purchase price. The purchase price payable of land as will, together with the land already'"owned, will bear interest at 4t per cent per annum trom the make up the ceiling area. If the landlord is entitled to date on which the right, title and interest from the resume any portion of the holding and he applies for land-owner and intermediar;ies vested in the cuItivar~ such resumption the right of purchase will extend only ing tenants. Where the purchase price is paid in to the remaining area. Where the land-owner or an instalments the second and subsequent instalments shall intermediary is a small holder and the cultivating tenant be deposited together with interest on the amount was entitled to fixity of tenure immediately before outstanding on the date of deposit. A cultivating 21st January 1961 under any law then in force the tenant shall be liable to pay rent to his landlord until cultivating tenant shall not be entitled to purchase he makes the deposit. the right, title and interest of the land-owner and the intermediaries unless the cultivating tenant agrees in 71. Where in respect of a holding the land-owner writing that the small holder may exercise the right of or the intermediary is a religious, charitable or edu~ resumption in respect of the holding under section 17. cational institution of a public nature such institution In the event of such agreement the small holder shall, is given the option to choose as to whether the right, notwithstanding anything contained in the second title and interest of the institution in respect of the hold. proviso to Section 17 and notwithstanding the expiry ing may be permitted to be purchased from the in­ of the period fixed under clause (1) of Section 18 for stitution by the cultivating tenant on payment of the n1aking application for resumption, be entitled to purchase price or such right, title and interest should exercise the right of resumption and the cultivating be vested in the Government in consideration of the tenant shall be entitled to purchase the right, title payment of an annuity in perpetuity by the Govern­ and interest of the land-owner and intermediaries in ment. The annuity payable to the institution in the respect of the remaining part of the holding left after latter case shall be a sum equal to the annual rent resumption. An application for the purchase of land­ which the institution was entitled to receive immediately lord's right shall be made by the cultivating tenant before 21st January 1961 after deducting 21 per to the Land Tribunal. The purchase price payable cent thereof by way of collection charges. Where in by the cultivating tenant shall be the aggregate of: respect of a holding held by a tenant referred to in Sections 4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 or 11 there was no stipulation (i) sixteen times the fair rent in respect of the for payment of any rent immediately before 21st January holding or part thereof to which the purchase relates; 1961 the annuity shall be an amount equal to 4-1 per cent of 16 times the fair rent in respect of the (ii) the value of structures, wells and embank­ holding. The Government shall pay the annuity pay­ ments of a permanent nature belonging to the land­ able to the institution every year in perpetuity. Where, owner or the intermediaries if any, and however, the right, title and interest of the institution (iii) one half of the value of the timber trees be­ are subject to any encumbrance the value of the longing to the land-owner or intermediaries, if any. encumbrance shall be paid to the holder of the en­ The Act provides for the apportionment of such price cumbrance and 5 per cent of the value of the encum­ between the landlord and intermediaries, if any. The brance shall be reduced from the annuity and the Land Tribunal shall pass orders, where the purchase balance, if any, alone shall be paid to the institution. is to-be allowed, allowing the application for purchase and specify details relating to the purchase price, the 72. Where the value of the encumbrance is more value of encumbrances etc., and the amount payable than 20 times the annuity if there is only one encum­ to the land-owner and each of the intermediaries after brance 20 times the annuity shall be paid to the holder deducting the value of the encumbrances or the claim of th~ encumbrance and if there are more than one en­ for maintenance or alimony. The purchase price cumbrance 20 times the value of encumbrances shall shall be payable in sixteen equal instalments. But be paid to the holders thereof in their order of priority where the purchase price is less than Rs. 160 the and no amount by way of annuity shall be payable to number of instalments shall be so fu ed by the Land the institution. The filing of an application by a religious, Tribunal that the amount payable in each instalment charitable or educational institution of a public nature shall not be less than Rs. 10. It shall be open to the under sub-section (i) of Section 66 or the vesting of the Olltivating tenant to pay the entire pl ~ce in a lump in right, title and interest of the institution in the Govern­ which case the amount payable shall be only 75 per ment under sub-section (5) of Section 66 of the Act

18 LAND TENURES shall not affect the right of the cultivating tenant to kudikidappukaran or the holder of a protected ulkudi or purchase such right, title and interest in accordance kudikidappu under any law then in force. A hut means with the provisions 53-64 of the Act already referred any dwelling house which was constructed at a cos t to. Where a cultivating tenant does not apply for a not exceeding Rs. 400 or could have at the time of purchase of the right, title and interest vested in the construction yielded a monthly rent not exceeding Rs.4. Government under Section 66 the tenant holding Any person who was in occupation of a kudikidappu directly under the religious, charitable ~r educational on the lith day of April 1957 and who continues to institution of a public nature shall continue as tenant be in such occupation at the commencement of the under the Government. The Act contains' provisions Act shall be deemed to be in occupation of such kudi­ for scaling down the arrears of rent in accordance with kidappu with permission as required above. Also, the schedule given under Section 73. After the com­ where any kudikidappukaran secures any mortgage with mencement of this Act no tenancy shall be created permission over the land in which the kudikidappu is in respect of any land. But where any land-owner situated his kudikidappu right shall revive on the redemp­ is a minor or a widow or an unmarried woman or a tion of the mortgage, provided that he has at the time divorced woman or a person incapable of cultivating of the redemption neither a homestead nor any land, the land by reason of any physical or mental disability either as owner or as tenant in possession, on which he or a serving member of the armed forces or seaman could erect a homestead. No kudikidappukaran shall such person may create a tenancy, but the tenant shall be evicted from his kudikidappu except on the ground not be entitled to a right to purchase. Any tenancy that he has alienated his right of kudikidappu to another created in contravention of the above provision shall person or he has rented or leased out his kudikidappu be invalid. to another person or he has ceased to reside in the kudikidappu continuously for a period of two years or Rights and Liabilities of Kudikidappukars he has another kudikidtlppu or has obtained ownership 73. A kudikidappukaran means a person who has and possession of land for erecting a homestead. A neither a homestead nor any• land as owner or as tenant kudikidappukaran shall not be deemed to have ceased in possession, on which he could erect a homestead ~and to reside in a kudikidappu notwithstanding the fact that he was not actually residing therein if any of his near (i) who has been permitted with or without an relatives viz., husband or wife, children, grand-children. obligation to pay rent by a person in lawful possession father, mother, brother or sister who was residing with of any land to have the use and occupation of a portion him in the kudikidappu for a continuous period of not of such land for the purpose of erecting a homestead; or less than one year continuous to reside in the kudi. kidappu. A person in possession of the land on which (ii) who has been permitted by a person in law­ there is a homestead or hut in the occupation of a ful posses'sion of any land to occupy, ~th or without kudikidappukaran may if he bona fide requires the land for the obligation to pay rent, a hut belonging to such building purpose for himself or any member of his person and ,situate in the said land but otherwise has family including major sons and daughters or for no interest 'in the land; and purposes in connection with a town planning scheme Kudikidappu means the land or the homestead or approved by the competent authority or for any in­ hut so permitted to be erected or occupied together dustrial purpose require the kudikidappukaran to shift with the easements attached thereto. A person shall to a new site belonging to him subject to the following not be deemed to be a kudikidappukaran if the aforesaid conditions :- permission was granted after the 11 th of April 1957 by a (i) the land-owner shall pay to the kudikidappukaran mortgagee in possession or by a tenant from whom the the price of the homestead if any erected by the kudi­ land in which the kudikidappu is situate is liable to be kidappukaran; resumed. A person shall not also be deemed to be a kudikidappukaran if the permission was granted in respect (ii) the new site shall be fit for erecting a home­ of any hut not belonging to him and situate in plan­ stead and shall be within a distance of one mile from tation or in any area of land which is appurtenant to a the existing kudikidappu; mill, factory or workshop and in connection with the employment of such person in the plantation, mill, (iii) the extent of the new site shall be the extent factory or workshop unless he was, immediately before of the kudikidappu subject to a minimum of 3 cents and the commencement of the Act, entitled to the rights of a a maximum of 10 cents; and

19 10614.198 A LAND TENURES

(iv) the land holder shall transfer ownership and by one standard acre for each member in excess of five, possession of the new site to the kudikirlappukaran and so, however that the total extent of ceiling area shall shall pay him the reasonable cost of shifting the kudi­ not exceed 20 standard acres in the case of a family kidappu to the new site. consisting of more than five members. The ceiling Where the above conditions are complied with the area shall in no case be less than 15 acres or kudikidappukaran shall be bound to shift to the new site. more than 36 acres in extent. All the lands owned or held individually by the members of a family or 74. Where a person does not hold more than 25 jointly by some or all of the members of such family cents of land and there is a hut in the occupation of a shall be deemed to be owned or held by the family. kudikidappukaran on such land, he may, if he requires In calculating the extent of land owned or held by a the land occupied by such hut for constructing a build­ family or an adult unmarried person the shares of the ing for his own residence apply to the Government for members of the family or the adult unmarried person, acquisition of land to which the kudikidappu may be as the case may be, in the lands owned or held by a shifted whereupon Government after collecting the co-operative society or by an institution or by a joint cost of acquisition from the applicant may acquire family. shall be taken in to account. Where a person has the land and give possession of the land to the kudi­ two or more legally wedded wives living, the husband, kidappukaran and require him to shift to the said land. one of the wives named by him for the purpose and The kudikidappukaran shall then be bound to shift to their unmarried minor children shall be deemed to the new site. But he will be entitled to the expenses be one family; and the other wife or each of the other as determined by an officer authoris« d by Government wives and their unmarried minor children shall be to be reasonably required to shift to the new site. The deemed to be a separate family. An adult unmarried site acquired for the purpose shall be subject to a person shall include a divorced husband or divorced minimum of 3 cents and a maximum of 10 cents. Again wife who has not remarried, provided that if such where the owner of the land in which there is a kudi­ divorced husband or divorced wife is the guardian of kidappu considers that the kudikidappu is so located as to any unmarried minor child, he or she together with such cause inconvenience to him he may require the kudi­ unmarried minor child shall be deemed to be a family. kidappukaran to shift to another part of his land pro­ It shall be lawful for any adult member in a family vided that the site to which the kudikidappu is required to own or hold land in excess of the ceiling area to the to be shifted is fit for the location of the kudikidappu extent necessary to make up the ceiling area of his and the owner of the land transfers to the kudikidappu­ lineal descendants other than his minor unmarried karan ownership and possession of land equal to the children who are alive on the date notified under sub­ extent of the eXisting kudikidappu subject to a minimum section (i) of Section 83 and who would inherit his of 3 cents and a maximum of 10 cents and pay the lands on his death provided that the aforesaid adult price of the homestead if any erected by the kudi­ member shall take into account all acquisitions of lands kidappukaran and the cost of shifting the kudikidappu. or interests in land made by such lineal descendants ' The Act scales down the arrears of rent payable by a or the members of their families for fixing the total kudikidappukaran to one year's rent or the actual amount extent that such adult member shall be entitled to in arrears whichever is less and fixes the maximum of own or hold from time to time and shall be bound to the future ren t. surrender the excess. In the case of lineal descendants who are members of other families the ceiling area Restriction on ownership and possession of land shall be that applicable to their families. Where a in excess of ceiling area and disposal of excess family or an adult unmarried person owns or holds lands land in excess of the ceiling area on the notified date 75. The next salient provisions of the Act relate to the such excess land shall be surrendered by the person ceiling of ownership and possession of land and the who is competent to do so within such time and to such disposal of excess lands. These provisions have not been authority as may be prescribed. Where, however, enforced so far. Subject to the exemptions given any person who bona fide believes that the ownership under Section 81 of the Act the ceiling area of land or possession of any land owned or held by him or has been fixed to be 12 standard acres in the case of an by the members of his family is liable to be purchased adult unmarried person or a famiJy consisting of not by the cultivating tenant or to be resumed by the land­ Oloce thnn 5 members; and 12 standard acres increased owner or the intermediary under provisions of this Act,

20 LAND TENURES

the extent of the land so liable to be purchased or to (i) where the ownership of the land mortgaged be resumed shall not be ta'ken into account in calculat­ has been surrendered by the owner of the land, the ing the extent of land to be surrendered. The Land mortgagee shall be treated as a holder of an encumbrance :Board is to finally determine the extent of land liable in respect of the land, and the encumbrance shall be 10 be surrendered. Where ownership or possession discharged as provided in Sections 91 and 92; 0r both of any land is surrendered by or as~umed from (ii) in other cases, the Government shall pay to a person or is vested in the Government under Section the mortgagee the amount to which he would have 86 or 87 such person shall be entitled to compensation. been entitled under clause (i) if the ownership of the Where the rights of an intermediary are extinguished, land mortgaged had been surrendered to the Govern­ such intermediary shall also be entitled to compen­ ment, and hold the land as mortgagee with possession sation. The compensation payable to an owner for with all the rights and liabilities of the mortgagee. the surrender or assumption of ownership and posse­ 76. The compensation or the amount of encum­ ssion of land shall be 55 per cent of the market value brance, as the case may be, shall be paid either in cash of the land and improvements, if any, thereon. The or negotiable bond redeemable in 16 years and carry­ compensation payable to the land-owner, the inter­ ing interest at the rate of 4-! per cent per annum mediary or cultivating tenant for the surrender, assum­ with effect from the date on which the ownership or ption, vesting in the Government or extinguishment possession or both of the land has or have vested in the of their rights shall be the portion of 55 per cent of the Government under Section 86 or Section 87 or partly market value of the land and improvements, if any, in rash and partly in such bonds in such manner as thereon that will fall to his share if such values are may be presc) ibed. The Act also makes provision apportioned among the land-owner, cultivating tenant for payment of advance towards compensation. Where and intermediary, if any, in respect of the land accord­ the land-owner whose ownership of land is vested in ing to the following provisions:- the Government or the intermediary whose rights are (1) the portion of the compensation for any build­ extinguished under sub-section 4 of Section 86 was a ing or other improvements shall be set apart to the small holder and the cultivating tenant of the holding person to whom such building or other improvement was entitled to fixity of tenure immediately before 21st belongs; January 1961 under any law then in force the owner­ (2) ninety per cent of the portion of the compen­ ship or possession or both of such land vested in the sation for the site of any homestead or hut in the occu­ Government shall be assigned to such small holder. pation of a kudikidappukaran shall be deducted from the Where there are more than one such small holder in total amount of compensation; respect of such land the small holder nearest to the (3) the balance remaining after deducting the cultivating tenant shall have priority for such assign­ amounts referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) shall be ment. The purchase price payable by the small apportioned among the land-owner, the intermediaries holder for assignment of the ownership or possession and the cultivating tenant in proportion to the profits or both of the land shall be 55 per cent of the market derivable by them from the land immediately before value of such rights. The purchase price shaH be the surrender, assumption or vesting in the Govern­ payable either in a lump or in 16 equal annual instal­ ment, as the case may be. "Profits derivable from ments. Any person who does not possess any land or the land" shall be deemed to be equal to (i) in the caS'ft possesses only less than 5 acres of land in extent may of a land-owner, the rent which he was entitled to get apply to the Land Board for assignment on registry of from the tenant holding immlfdiatelyunder him; (ii) in lands to him. The Land Board shall, after reserving the case of an intermediary the difference between the in each village the lands necessary for public purposes, rent which he was entitled to get from his tenant and assign on registry the remaining lands vested in the the rent for which he was liable to his landlord; ::.nd Government as specified below:- (iii) in the case of a cultivating tenant, the difference (1) The holdings in which there are kudiAidappu­ between the net income and the rent payable by him. kars shall, as far as possible, be assigned to such kudi­ The rent payable by the cultivating tenant and the kidappukars; intermediary for this purpose shall be as calculated (2) Out of the remaining area available for assign­ under the provisions of this Act. ment, (4) Where a mortgagee in possession surrenoM'S (a) fifty per cent shall be assigned to the landless possession of the land mortgaged to him, agricultural labo1ll era of which one-half shall be assigned

21 10614198 A AGRICULTURE to the landless agricultural labourers belonging to 77. The purchase price ofland assigned on registry Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes residing in the ;bdl! be an amount equal to 55 per cent of the market same village or adjacent villages; value of the land and improvements if any, thereof and sha.ll be payable either in lump or in 16 equal annual (b) twenty-five per cent shall be assigned to small instalments. The assignment shall be made on pay­ holders and other landlords who are not entitled to ment of the purchase price either in lump or in the resume any land; first instalment thereof. Where the purchase price is payable in instalments, the amount outstanding after (c) the remaining twenty-five per cent shall be payment of each instalment shall bear interest at the assigned to the cultivators who do not possess more rate of per cent per annum. The Land Board than 5 acres of land in extent. In assigning lands 4t shall, subject to such rules as may be made by Govern­ under this sub-section to the persons speci;fied in sub­ ment in this behalf manage the lands vested in them clauses (a), (b) and (c) above, first preference shall be until they are assigned under Sections 94 and 96 by given to ex-servicemen belonging to the respective making arrangement for their cultivation and protection. classes, and, subject as above,preferencc shall be gi"en The Act has invalidated certain voluntary transfers to co-operative societies formed by persons specified effected after the date of publication of the Kerala Land in the respective sub-clauses. Where the excess land Reforms Bill, 1963 in the Gazette. that is available for assignment is either kayal or kole nilam, such land shall be assigned only to co-operative 78. From the nature of the provisions of the Kerala societies formed by landless agricultural labourers. Land Reforms Act, 1963, it would be seen that this For the above purpose a kudikidappukaran or a tenant statute does not affect land tenures not specifically of a kudikidappu shall be deemed to be a landless agri­ mentioned in it. Such tenures are not, therefore, cultural labourer if he does not possess any other affected by the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963. land Agriculture (3) The Land Board shall not assign to any person 79. As in other parts of the State, majority of the more than 5 acres in extent of land. Where a person population depend on agriculture. The following possess any land, only so much land as will make the statement gives the data regarding land utilisation for extent ofland in his possession five acres shall be assigned the period 1955-56 to 1960-61. to him. Statement 8

LAND UTILISATION *

Classification of land 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61

Total area according to village papers 1,134,646 1,134,646 1,159,049 1,159,049 1,159,049 1,159,049 \

Forests 567,870 567,870 523,321 520,766 526,629 526,629 Barrell and uncnltivable land 42,247 42,247 42,247 42,247 42,247 41,094 - Land put to non-agricultural uses 28,182 31,511 28,873 26,797 28,873 29,601 Cultural waste 3,261 3,238 19,041 19,041 16.263 14,562 Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 7,415 7,415 7,415 4,162 4,162 4,162 Land under miscellaneous tree crops not included in net area sown 14,378 14,378 14,378 13,903 13,903 14,526 Current fallows 17,679 17,543 6,210 11,176 9,167 9,167 Other fallows 8,506 8,446 9,009 9,820 5,721 5,721 Net area sown 445,108 441,998 508,555 511,137 512,084 513,587 Area sown more than once 1~8,474 167,370 79,116 87,307 114,197 121,742 Total cropped area 58'3,582 609,368 587,671 598,444 626,281 635,32g

*Source:-Department of Statistics, Kerala 22 AGRICULTURE

80. The above figures reduced to percentages by the total will work .. out.,:as shown below.

StateDlent 9 L1 ND UTILISATION BY PERCENTAGES TO THE TOTAL

Classification of land 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61

Total area accordiug to village papers 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Forests 50.05 50.05 45.15 44.93 45.44 45.44

Barren and uncultivable land 3.72 3.72 3.64 3.65 3.65 3.5~

Land put to non-agricultural wei 2.48 2.78 2.49 2.31 2.49 2.5~ Cultivable waste 0.29 0.29 1.64 1.64 1.40 1.2E Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 0.65 0.65 0.64 0.36 0.36 0.3E Land under IlllSCCllancous tree crop not included in net area sown 1.27 1.27 1.24 1.20 1.20 1.25 Current fallows 1.56 1.55 0.54 0.96 0.79 0.79 Other fallows 0.75 0.74 0.78 0.85 0.49 0.49 Net area sown 39.23 38.95 43.88 44.10 44.18 44.31 Area sown more than once 12.20 14.75 6.82 7.53 9.85 10.50 Total cropped area 51.43 53.70 50.70 51.63 54.03 54.81

The total cropped area has shown a steady increase major groups in the district ig given in th~ subjoined during the last three years. statement. 81. The distribution of the cropped areaJ:under the

StateDlent 10 DISTRIBUTION OF CROPPED AREA BY MAJOR GROups· Area in acres ---. Major group 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 -"-----"" , Actual percentage Total cropped' area 583,582 609,368 587,671 598,444 626,281 635,329 10000 384,755 I FOOD CROPS 408,728 412,735 382,298 398,100 393,216 62.68 (i) Food grains 149,177 165,383 134,967 128,102 130,419 131,821 20.75 (ii) Sugar crops 2,002 2,033 2,042 1,988 2,067 2,147 o 34 (iii) Condiments and spices 26,552 27,564 30,045 29,103 30,393 31,693 4.99 (IV) Fruits and vegetables 230,997 217,753 217,701 223,105 235,221 232,550 36.60

II NON-FOOD CROPS 174,854 196,633 202,916 216,146 228,181 237,113 37.32 (i) 011 seeds 132,091 147,979 145,765 154,026 162,882 167,812 26.41

(iI) FIbres 740 0.12 (iii) Narcotics and plantation (,tops 42,429 48,014 54,323 57,134 57,145 61,269 9.64 (IV) Other non-food crops 334 640 2,828 4,986 8,154 7,292 LIS

*Source :-Department of Statistics, Kerala 23 10614198 A AGmCULTURE

82. The area cultivated in the districtlunder the differen t crops for the priod 1955-56 to 1960-61 is given below.

Statement 11 AREA UNDER CROPS FOR THE PERIOD 1955-56 TO 19fi0.61 * Crop 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61

Rice Total 128,700 137,700 116,056 110,327 112,656 114,020 Autumn 50,100 53,300 53,554 48,034 47,066 49,159 Winter 78,200 84,000 62,131 61,923 65,590 64,370 Summer 400 400 371 370 491 Ragi 1,237 1,425 1,495 929 894 977 Other cereals and millets 4 4 4 Pulses 19,236 26,254 17,412 16,846 16,869 16,824 Sugarcane 1,791 1,957 1,995 1,975 2,040 2,100 Other sugar crops 211 76 47 13 27 47 Pepper 13,102 13,556 13,422 13,035 12,930 13,045 Chillies 452 321 90 (;mger 86 86 86 86 338 379 Turmeric 101 60 427 178 67 40 Cardamom 93 Betel nuts 7,497 8,320 8,188 8,519 8,823 9,486 Other condiments and spices 5,221 5,221 7,832 7,285 8,235 8,748 Mangoes 20,177 20,177 23,089 24,335 27,737 27,887 Bananas including plantains 9,467 6,009 6,434 6,466 7,972 7,972 Other fresh fruits 17,550 17,550 20,545 20,312 22,255 22,369 Oashewnuts 15,769 15,769 16,895 16,680 18,892 22,024 TapIOca 159,054 148,746 140,679 147,994 149,295 143,441 Sweet potatoes 210 734 621 3 57 112 Other vegetables 8,770 8,770 9,438 7,315 9,013 8,745 Sesamum 6,353 6,390 6,487 13,423 13,298 7,433 Cocoanuts 125,347 141,187 138,921 140,256 149,153 159,907 Other oil seeds 391 402 357 347 431 472 Fibres 740 Tea 8,313 8,296 8,290 7,}72 7,472 7,472 Coffee 508 575 575 575 586 586 Rubber 33,608 39,143 45,458 49,087 49,087 53,211 Other non-food crops 334 640 2,828 4,986 8,15.f 7,292 ·Source:-Department of Statistics, Kerala 83. The percentage of the area of the district under food crops and non-food crops for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 is given below.

Statement 12 PERCENTAGE OF AREA UNDER FOOD CROPS AND NON-FOOD CROPS FOR TIlE PERIOD 1955-56 to 1960-61 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61

Total cropped area 100.00 100.00 100 00 100.00 100.00 100.00 1 Food crops 70.04 67.73 65.47 63.88 63.57 62.68 2 Non-food crops 29.96 32.27 34.53 36.12 36 43 37.32 Percentage of cropped area of the district to the cropped area of the State 10.84 11.32 10.76 10.81 10.99 10.94 Rice, cocoanu ts, tapioca, cashewnuts and rubber are the important crops of this district.

24 AGlUCULTVRE

(a) Paddy called Mundakan and with the summer the Puncha - crop. 84. Paddy, as in other districts of Kerala, is an The area cultivated under paddy in each of the seasons important staple food crop. It is cultivated in three in the agricultural year 1960-61 along with yield per seasons of the year. The one associated with the acre and production is given below. autumn season is called Kanni crop, with the winter is

Statement 13 AREA UNDER PADDY CULTIVATION, YIELD PER ACRE AND PRODUCTION FOR 1960-61 *

Mean yield of dry paddy ProductIOn Area in acres HI lb. per acre of rice in tons

District/Taluk Autumn Winter Summer Autumn Winter Summer Autumn Wmter Summer Quilon District 49,159 64,370 491 1,706 2,292 1,792 24,595 43,266 258

Karunagapally taluk 6,125 10,200 170 1,422 2,184 2,238 2,555 10,534 112 14,005 14,604 1,877 2,631 7,710 11,270 Kottarakara " Kunnathur 10,210 12,432 1,578 2,495 4,725 9,098 " 2,309 5,880 1,549 2,477 1,049 4,272 Pathanamthitta " Pathanapuram 10,040 9,073 1,782 2,671 5,248 7,108 " 6,470 12,181 321 1,743 1,395 1,556 3,308 4,984 146 Quilon "

*Source:-Department of Statistics, Kerala

The district accounts for 5.92 per cent of area and in the State. The percentage distributions of area 6.48 per cent of production under paddy in 1960-61 and production of paddy are furnished below.

StateD1ent 14 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF AREA AND PRODUCTION OF PADDY BY TALUK, 1960-61

Area Production

District/Taluk Total Autumn Winter Summer Total Autumn Winter Summer Quilon District 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Karunagapally taluk 14.47 12.46 15.85 34.62 13.51 10.39 15.10 43.41 Kottarakara 25 09 28.49 22.69 27.86 31.35 26.05 " 19.86 20.77 19.31 20.29 19.21 21.03 Kunnathur " Pathanamthitta 7.18 4.70 9.13 7.81 4.26 9.87 " 16.76 20.42 14.10 18.14 21.34 16.43 Pathana~:am " Quilon 16.64 13.16 18.92 65.38 12.39 13.45 11.52 56.59

The three Seed Farms of this district are located production of cocoanuts in this district during 1960-61 at Adur, Kadakkal and Karunagapally. Improved is estimated as 416 million nuts against the State varieties of paddy like PTB 10, PTB 23 and PTB 31 production of 3,220 million nuts. for Viruppu and DR 19, fTB 20, PTB 4 and PTB 7 for Mundakan are grown in these farms. (c) Tapioca 86. Among the districts of Kerala Quilon district (b) Cocoanut has the largest area under Tapioca. In 1960-61 this 85. This district has 159,907 acres under cocoanut district has 143,441 acres under tapioca cultivation cultivation in 1960-61 which is 12.9 per cent of State which is 23.97 per cent of the total area under tapioca area under cocoanuts. This district ranks third among cultivation in the State. Tapioca, an important staple the districts of Kerala in regard to area and production food of the people particularly among the poor classes of cocoanutS. Cocoanut is extensively grown in the was first introduced by the Portuguese in the Malabar sandy regions of Karunagapally and Quilon taluks and area during the 17th century. In the erstwhile Travan_ on the banks of lakes, rivers and canals. The total core State it was effectively introduced by the Visakham AGRIOULTUBII

Thirunal Maharaja. The total production of fapioca It ~has ~an estimated'rproduction ~of 13,668 tons. The during 1960-61 was estimated as 397,016 tons. results of thel research ~work done in this Research Station during the past nine years (more particularly (d) Cashewnuts from 1956-57 onwards) are briefly described below. 87. "The cashewnut is one of the most profitable of the fruit trees of Torrid Zone. The tree is not All the major cashew growinglregions in Kerala indigenous to India or Ceylon. Cashew, the French were surveyed and 80ltypes possessing desirable economic transliteration of the Native Brazilian word akaju is characters were collected and planted in the station. applied in India and Ceylon to the valuable species Over a dozen exotic types from Tanganyka and Brazil botanically known as Anacardium occidentale. During the were also obtained and planted. These trees are now 5-7 ascendency of the Portuguese in the East, under the years old and have just started bearing. The economic name of Kaja, which is now universal, it was introduced characters are being studied with a view to select high by them from the tropical sea-board of the north-east yielding types. Vegetative propogation of high yield of the continent of South America to the fertile maritime types is one of the surest ways of increasing production districts of Western India. It is known in Travancore of cashew by ensuring the quality of the planting material 'Kasuva-ma' or 'Undima' or better still as 'Parangi-ma' Work done at this station has shown that air layering showing its Portuguese introduction into India. The of cashew is a successful and practical method of pro­ nut is most delicious food whether as a boiled dish as pagation giving 80-100 per cent rooting when done vegetables are, or fried when mature, but the true in February-April and 50-75 per cent established of Travancore ryot dreads it in his garden as a detestable separated layers. Grafting by inarch method, using tree which sucks away all manure and turns it into cashew seedling as root-stock is also successful, but is a dreary waste. It is never cared for as a garden more laborious and expensive than air-layering. tree, but the nut finds a ready market all over the Comparative performance of seedlings and layers country though little understood by our population. show that the latter are more vigorous, came into It grows wild aU over the country. It got naturalised bearing one or two years earlier and gives higher yield, in process of time in the granite sands, laterite earths, provided proper selection of parent tree is made. and alluvial silts of Western India in an atmosphere Studies OIl the drying up of inflorescences and tender charged with warmth and moisture and has run even shoots of cashew, which often causes 60-75 per cent wild throughout the forests of the plains that border loss, showed that they are caused by a pest Heliopletis the Arabian Sea." 1 autonii. Spraying of 0.1 % of D. D. T. solution, as soon as the pest incidence occurs is effective in The Regional Cashew Research Station, Kottarakara controlling the pest. Besides the above, blossom was established on 15th November 1952,jointly financed biological studies were carried out and hybridization by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and work between desirable types has been taken on the State Government. The object was to carry out research on the various aspects of cashew cultivation hand. with a view to increase its production. Cashew, being a ~erennial crop, it will not be possible to obtain any results of research in anyone year and as such it is not (e) Rubber possible to indicate the results of each year's work. 88. Rubber is an important crop of this district. According to the statistics available for the year 1960-61, This district has 53,211 acres under rubber cultivation cashew is cultivated in Kerala in an area of 134,222 in 1960-61 which is 17.5 per cent of the total area under acres with an estimated production of 83,297 tons. rubber in the State. QJxilon district has produced This meets only about 40 per cent of the raw nut 5,392 tons of cashewnuts against the State production requirements of the cashe"w processing industry in of 22,682 tons. Kera1a which employs more than 70,000 workers. According to the Cashew Export Promotion Council, The production of important crops during the India has exported during 1961 cashew kernels and period of 1955-56 to 1960-61 is furnished in appendix 5. cashew shell liquid valued at over Rs. 19 crores. In The retail prices of important commodities are this district 22,024 acres are under cashew cultivation. given in appendix 6. The Consumer Price Index 1 The Travancore State Manual by V. Nagam Aiya, Vol. III, number for Quilon and Punalur centres are furnished in p.56 appendix 7.

26 LlVE-STOCK

Live-stock different in those days when compared to the present 89. The following statement gives the live-stock one. When the boy's education commences, the and poultry figures according to the Live-stock Census village school master is brought to the boy's house conducted in 1961. and is given a fanam (equivalent to 14 paise), betel and nut, some paddy, cocoanuts and plantains. This Statem.ent 15 is the first remuneration for the Vidyarambham or the L1VE-STOCK AND POULTRY, 1961* boy's initiation of letters. The Asan then takes the 1961 boy to his school with music and beat of drum. A new Live-stock Category Census Percentage manuscript-book made of palmyra leaves written with A Total Live-stock 510,673 100.00 an iron style either by the master himself or his assis­ I CATTLE TOTAL 325,733 63.79 tant, the first boy in his school and daubed over with (a) MALES OVER 3 YEARS TOTAL 54,358 10.65 saffron is given to the pupil. This is the primer or (i) Breeding 1,044 0.21 the first book with which he begins with an innovation (ii) 'Breeding and working' to God Ganesa, which almost every boy in the king­ and working only 50,559 9.90 (iii) Others 2,755 0.54 dom knows, having first learnt it in the pial school. The (b) FEMALES OVER 3 YEARS TOTAL 139,511 27.32 pupil carries this book in bis wooden satchel which his (i) Breeding TOTAL 137,354 26.90 parents supply him with. When he has attended (a) In milk 47,236 9.25 school for some months, the satchel becomes more and (b) Dry and not calved even once 90,118 17.65 more weighted, as it now contains the second and third (ii) Working 659 0.13 (iii) Others 1,49B 0.29 books, some lessons in Arithmetic Astronomy, some (c) YOUNG-STOCK 131,864 25.82 of the chief precepts for daily conduct known as Neethi Sastrom, the thousand names of Vishnu, a portion of II BUFFALOES TOTAL 28,363 5.56 Ca) MALES OVER 3 YEARS TOTAL 14,830 2.91 the Sanskrit Dictionary, easy lessons in casting horos­ (i) Breeding 176 0.04 copes and the calendar, a few verses on medicine and (ii) 'Breeding and working' general poetry all written as before on the palmyra leaf. and working only 14,079 2.76 (iii) Others 575 O.ll These form the curriculam of school studies. The (b) FEMALES OVER 3 YEARS TOTAL 9,300 l.82 boy's education begins at 5, and is said to be finished (i) Breeding 8,933 I. 75 by 10. The subjects comprised by the 5 years course (a) In milk 3,826 0.75 are easily learnt and easily remembered throughout (b) Dry and not calved 5,107 1.00 (ii) Working 239 0.05 life.ll> The first step taken by the State in the field of (iii) Others 128 0.02 education was in 992 M.E. (1817 A.D.) when Her (c) YOVNG-STOCK 4,233 0.83 Highness Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai issued a rescript 1.14 III SHEEP~ 5,841 directing "that the State should defray the entire cost 149,645 29.30 IV GOATS of the education of its people in order that there might V HORSE~ ANn PONIES 4 N be no backwardness in the spread of enlightenment VI OTHER lIVE-STOCK 1,007 0.21 among them, that by diffusion of education they might B Total Poultry 813,666 become better subjects and public servants, and the • Source:-Department of Animal Husbandry, Kerala. reputation of the State might be advanced thereby". A detailed taluk-wise classification of the live-stock Vernacular schools were established in several places. and poultry as per the 1961 Live-stock Census is fur­ The Government of Travancore took some effective .measures for improving this type of indigenous schools. nished in appendix 8. Another table giving the taluk­ in the year 1041 M.E. (1865-66). In 1869 the wise figures of agricultural implements is given as Government of Travancore decided to give grant-in-aid appendix: 9. to private vernacular schools on the following condi­ Educational Institutions tions: (a) General Education 1 that the course of instruction pursued was the same as that obtaining in the schools of the 90. "As in other parts of the State Asan or village Government; school master was treated with great reverence and the people considered his teaching the best they could 2 that the books used in the Government school~ secure for their children. Every village has such a were also taught in private schools; and pial school. The system of education was entirely 1 Report on the Census ofTravanco~e, 1891 27 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

3 that only properly qualified teachers were efficiency of management by regulating the powe_rs employed. of the managers, .10 bring their teachers under thell' control by licensing them and to prevent the unne­ These measures considerably raised the standards cessary migration of pupils from school to school by of private vernacular schools more or less on a par with generally insisting on effective discipline. An Educa­ a Government school. Another important step was tional Reforms Committee was constituted towards taken in 187l. At the instance of Mr. Shungarsooba the close of 1932 to enquire into the educational system Iyer, Director of Vernacular Education proverthy in the State and advise Government as to the reforms schools were established. By this reform each proverthy to be effected in it. Introduction of co-education, free in Travancore had at least one school. Protestant primary education including and up to the fifth class, the missionaries were the first to introduce English edu­ encouragement of technical education and the education cation in the State. The first English school in Travan­ of backward communities were the important reforms core was started by Rev. William Tobias Ringetaube, recommended by this committee. The educational a native of Prussia. From 1806 he devoted his whole system has undergone remarkable changes during the energy to evangelical work carrying with him the last decade especially after the formation of Kerala mission of English education wherever he went. State. The duration of school course was raised from Another batch of protestant missionaries, the church 11 to 12 years in 1956-57. Thus the primary grade mission society, have also contributed to the gro;vth covered the first eight standards the initial five being of education in Travancore. In 1816 the Synans lower primary, while the rest upper primary. Stan­ had a college at Kottayam for training priests a~d dards IX to XII constituted the secondary grade. The missionaries. In 1009 M.E. (1834 A.D.) an EnglIsh admission to schools was restricted to pupils who school was opened at Trivandrum. Two years later attained the age of 5l or over in 1958-59. During a few district schools were established and this action this year the number of years of primary education was laid the foundation of English education in Travancore. once again reduced from 8 to 7 thus re-introducing the 11 The C.M.S. High School was started as early as 1840. year duration of course again. In 1959-60 ten year In 1866 central and taluk schools were opened. The course of study was introduced by admitting pupils education of these schools was modelled on the system who had passed the new IV and V standards of of educational reforms introduced in 1069 M.E. primary schools to the VI standard. The upper (1893-94) in the Education Department. A new primary sections of high schools were permitted to code of rules known as the Travancore Educational conduct standard V even though standard V was allowed Rules was drawn up and issued in December 1894. to continue in certain primary schools. At present These rules also prescribed the conditions for the grant­ standards I to IV constitute the lower primary section, in-aid schools. Another important step was the start­ while standards V to VII the upper primary section. ing of Government schools of the primary grades in The secondary school has standards VIII to XI. each proverthy. Seven years later, in 1902, a revised curriculam of studies was introduced and the schools 91. Out of 19.4 lakhs persons in this district 9.8 , were classified as High, Middle, Upper Primary and lakhs are literate and educated persons. Of these Lower Primary. Vernacular was introduced in the 5.6 lakhs are males and 4.2 lakhs females. This gives a literacy percentage of 50.5 per cent for total, last two categories as the chief medium of instruction 57.8 per cent for males and 43.2 per cent for females. while English was !aught as second language from class III onwards. High schools and middle schools were 92. The following statement gives the number of further divided in to English and Vernacular schools. school-going children by age-groups for the district A new Education code was introduced in 1085 M.E. during the academic years 1950-51, 1955-56 and It was a comprehensive measure dealing with the 1960-61. classification, management, accommodation and equip­ Statement 16 ment of schools. It prescribed the qualification of SCHOOL-GOING CHlI,.DREN* teachers and the conditions which they should observe Age-group 01950-51 1955-56 1960-61 in the practice of their profession, regulated school Less than 5 years 786 term fees, text books, school records and .returns, and 5- 9 years 137,331 174,698 190,509 dealt with grants-in-aid. The object of the code was 10-14 " 92,714 122,208 159,690 15-19 " 31,103 36,371 42,226 also to define the position which each school occupied 20 years and above 3,801 3,761 3,316 jn the system of Public Instruction, to improve the *Source:-Department of Education, Kerala 28 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

93. A classified statement showing the number of Government and Private schools is furnished below. Statement 17 NUMBER OF SCHOOLS * Lower Primary Upper Primary Nunery Schools Schools Schools High Schools Others Total ~ ,------'----, ,.-----A------, ,---A--.... ,...... ------.... Govern- Govern- Govern- Govern- Govern- Govern- Year ment Private ment Private ment Private ment Private ment Private ment Private

1950-51 338 241 46 87 13 62 4 10 401 400 1951-52 339 245 46 81 14 65 3 10 402 401 1952-53 340 254 47 84 1~ 68 3 10 406 416 1953-54 340 258 47 91 16 72 3 10 406 431 1954-55 339 247 46 81 17 73 3 10 405 411 1955-56 339 256 47 88 17 75 3 10 406 429 1956-57 2 339 262 46 127 17 75 4 8 406 474 1957-58 3 363 263 47 135 18 78 3 8 431 487 1958-59 4 363 273 50 133 19 79 3 8 435 497 1959-60 4 361 271 50 133 20 79 4 8 435 495 1960-61 14 361 270 51 140 20 81 3 9 435 514 *Source :-Department of Education, Kerala

94. Another statement showing the number of pupils, number of teachers etc. is furnished below. Statement 18 STRENGTH OF PUPILS AND STAFF* Institution 1950-51 1951-52 1952·53 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 1956·57 1957·58 1958·59 1959-60 1960-61 DISTRICT TOTAL Number of schools 802 803 822 837 816 835 880 918 932 930 !K9 Strength Boys 143,476 153,460 162,808 165,466 176,278 183,058 170,975 201,249 211,328 205,713 218,001 Girls 121,473 125,981 133,912 138,162 144,692 153,980 165,258 175,063 185,473 169,944 178,526 Teachers Men 3,722 3,795 4,004 4,166 4,318 4,598 4,649 5,242 5,914 5,764 6,739 Women 2,021 2,181 2,366 2,476 2,615 2,875 2,970 3,561 3,795 3,877 4,116 NURSERY SCHOOLS Number of schools 2 3 4 4 14 Strength Boys 50 159 214 214 417 Girls 60 153 167 158 369 Teachers Men Women 9 9 17 13 28 WWER PRIMARY/JUNIOR BASIC SCFlOOL Number of schools 580 584 594 598 586 595 601 626 636 632 631 Strength Boys 95,692 102,354 107,852 110,804 117,022 121,581 113,281 128,629 148,315 124,795 126,873 Girls 87,666 90,968 96,880 99,259 104,238 110,832 124,576 124,177 140,400 111,513 113,496 Teachers Men 1,957 2,004 2,076 2,099 2,152 2,209 2,178 2,319 2,276 2,309 2,590 Women 1,199 1,249 1,362 1,426 1,471 1,670 1,818 2,248 2,268 2,133 1,989 UPPER PRIMARY/SENIOR BASIC SCHOOLS Number of schools 133 127 131 138 127 135 173 182 183 183 191 Strength Boys 25,426 26,600 27,561 28,203 31,621 32,276 31,902 37,923 27,758 36,555 41,767 Girls 21,335 21,718 22,640 23,424 24,801 25,987 25,293 30,524 20,724 28,962 27,713 Teachers Men 783 785 840 913 948 988 1,081 1,302 1,505 1,628 1,947 Women 553 585 625 666 722 725 644 725 917 843 1,015 HIGH SCHOOLS/POST-BASIC SCHOOLS Number of schools 75 79 84 88 90 92 92 96 98 99 101 Strength Boys 21,944 24,106 27,013 26,033 .27,192 28,811 24,569 33,459 34,451 43,475 48,114 Girls 12,215 13,032 14,083 15,223 15,452 16,986 15,090 19,784 23,904 28,901 36,527 Teachers Men 946 973 1,056 1,126 1,189 1,372 1,320 1,543 2,081 1,772 2,158 Women 260 339 370 379 415 476 438 569 581 879 1,073 OTHER SCHOOLS Number of schools 14 13 13 13 13 13 12 11 11 12 12 Strength Boys 414 400 382 426 443 390 1,173 1,079 590 674 830 Girls 257 263 309 256 201 175 239 425 278 410 421 Teachers Men 36 33 32 28 29 29 70 78 52 55 44 Women 9 8 9 5 7 4 11 10 12 9 11 ·Source:-Department of Education, Kerala 29 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

(b) Higher Education Catholicate College, Pathanarnthitta was founded in 95! In this district there are five Arts and Science August, 1952 as a second grade college and it was colleges and three professional colleges. All these raised as a first grade college in 1955. The college colleges are in the private sector. The Sree Narayana is managed by a Governing Board elected by the Or­ College, the oldest college in the district was establi­ thodox Syrian Church. The Thangal Kunju Musaliar shed only on the 16th ofJune 1948 by the SreeNarayana College of Engineering, the first of its kind in the private Dharma Paripalana Yogam. Towards the end of the sector in the State, was formally inaugurated on 3rd second term in December the University permitted the July 1958. It imparts instruction for the B.Sc. (En­ college to change over to the Intermediate course. In gineering) Degree Examination of the University of June 1949, the:college was raised to a first grade college. Kera1a in Civil, Electrical and Mechanical branches. The Mount Tabor Training College, Pathanapurarn The management of the college is vested in the Sree • Narayana Trust which was formed in 1952. This was established in July 1960 under the auspices of the college imparts instruction for degree and post-graduate Society of the Order of the Sacred Transfiguration degree courses. The Fatima Mata National College whose mother house is known as the Mount Tabor was started by the Bishop of Quilon on 6th August Monastery and under the management of its Founder 1!)Sl. In 1953 the college was raised to a first grade President, His Grace the Most Rev. Mar Thoma college. The Sree Narayana College for Women, Dionysius, Metropolitan of Niranam. The Karmala Quilon was founded by the Sree Narayana Dharma Rani Training College, Quilon is managed by the Paripa1ana Yogam in the year 1951. The manage­ Bishop of Quilon. It started functioning on 1st ment of the college is vested with the Sree Narayana August, 1960. With effect from 30th August, 1957 Trusts. This college which now offers instruction in the University of Travancore became the University degree and post-graduate courses is administered by a of Kerala as per the Kerala University Act (Act 14 Managing Board consisting of five members. The of 1957). Under the above Act all the above colleges St. Thomas College Kozhencherry was originally were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The started in June 1952 as a second grade college and following statement gives the number of colleges. three years later it was upgraded as a first grade college. number of students and teachers for the period 1950-51 This college belongs to the Mar Thoma Church. The to 1960-6l. Statement 19 COLLEGIATE EDUCATION"

Arts and Science EngIneering Training Strength Teachers Strength Teachers Strength Teachers ~ ~ ~ ,----A---. ~ ,----A---. Year Number M W M W Number M W M W Number M W M W 1950·5! 1,309 218 68 7 1951-52 3 1,814 397 97 22 , 1952-53 4 2,271 575 103 26 1953-54 5 2,939 848 153 32 1954·55 5 3,487 1,030 167 37 1955-56 5 3,620 1,147 181 39 1956-57 5 3,683 1,308 173 36 1957-58 5 2,398 1,085 144 34 1958-511 5 2,911 1,253 168 39 240 13 1959-6Q 5 2,969 1,227 184- 43 1 351 22 1960·61 5 3,289 1,614 197 52 1 473 33 2 143 78 12 .Source:-University of Kerala A table showing the details of colleges in the Junior Technical School, Adur and the Extension academic year 1960-61 is furnished in appendix ID. Training Centre, Kottarakara. Of these the Extension (e) Technical Education Training Centre was started as early as 1953 with the prime object of training the successful candidates from 96. The important technica 1 institutions of this the Basic Agricultural schools and to qualify them for district are the Sree Narayana Polytechnic, Quilon, the post of Grama Sevaks. The Sree Narayaua

30 Polytechnic was established in 1957 in the premises of the sanitation of all parts of the district, where tbe the Sree Narayana College, Quilon. This institution Towns Improvement Regulation was not in force, (3) was also founded by the Sree Narayana Trust. The to study the report on the state of public health within Junior Technical School located at Adur was started his district, (4) to supervise the vaccination work and only in 1960-61. The names of technical institutions (5) to be a sort of travelling dispensary actually con­ with their strength are furnished in appendix 11. veying medical aid to the door of the villager. The Inspectors were under the immediate orders of the Public Health Sanitary Commissioner. The vaccinator~ were to 97. The public health activities of the erstwhile periodically inspect the registers in the village offices Travancore State were started only in the first decade within their respective ranges and verify the entries . .of the nineteenth century. During the r~ign of Her Many reforms were introduced from time to time. The Highness Gouri Lakshmi Bai, in the year 1811, th~ oldest hospital of the district viz., District Hospital, European System of Medical Aid was started. In Quilon was established as early as 1870. In November 1041 M.E. (1865-66) a vaccination department was 1887 His Highness Rama Varma (Mulam Thirunal) formed and this was the first important step towards Maharajah availed himself of the Queen Victoria's the progress of public health work in the State. The Golden Jubilee of 1887 to sanction the establishment "!teed for a separate and independent public health of a school at Quilon to train up midwives and nurses. agency having been felt by the Government, a sanitary This school was known as "The Victoria Medical department was organised in 1071 M.E. (1895) with a School and Hospital for Women" and it was placed Sanitary Commissioner as its head. For purposes of under the supervision of the Assistant Surgeon in charge this department, the whole country was divided into 4 of the Quilon District Hospital. In 1899 this hospital districts viz., Trivandrum, Quilon, Kottayam and was separated from the local District Hospital. The Vaikom. An Inspector was appointed fo(each!district following statement gives the names of allopathic whose duty was (1) to superintendent and check the institutions with their staff strength as on 1st April 1961 -.ita! statistics throughout the district, (2) to attend to

Statement 20 GOVERNMENT ALLOPATIDC INSTITUTIONS AS ON 1ST APRIL 1961 *

Doctors Nurses Year of r---"----.. ~ establish· Licenti- MId- Com- Number Name of Institution ment Graduates ates Males Females wives pounders Others of beds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hospitals District Hospital, Quilon 1870 14 30 I 7 115 380 Victoria Hospital, (W. & C.), Quilon 1887 5 6 14 2 42 104 Government Hdspital, Adur 1910 I 2 I 2 10 31 Kadakkal 1936 1 3 1 13 25 " Karunagapally 1907 1 1 4 2 16 14 " Kottarakara NA 1 2 'j 2 1 20 60 " Kozhencherry 1881 2 6 3 3 16 81 "., Pathanamthitta 1924 1 1 3 4 Punalur " ~A 4 4 1 13 88 Dispensaries Government Dispensary, Chadayamangalam 1957 1 1 3 Chandanapally 1957 1 1 3 5 " Chenneerkara 1960 I 1 2 " Elanthoor 1957 I 1 3 7 " Kadambanad 1949 1 1 3 4- " Kadammanitta 1953 1 1 4 12 .," Kulathupuzha 1958 1 1 3 4- Kundara ~ 1952 1 1 1 2 4- .. Paripally 1955 1 1 I 3 .. Pattazhi 1960 1 1 1 2 -5 Ranni-Perinad 1945 1 1 2 4- " Sasthamcottah 1959 1 1 1 3 .. " Vallikara 1956 1 1 3 " Vechuchira 1961 1 1 2 31 PUBLIC BDLftI

Statement. 20-(concld.) GOVERNMENT ALLOPATIUC INSTITUTIONS AS ON 1ST APRD.. 1961*-(concld.) ~~ Doctors Nurses Y~of ~ establish- Licenti- Com- Number Name of Institution ment Graduates ates Males Females Midwives pounders Others of beds Dispensaries-concld. Temporary Malaria Dispensary, Koodal 1945 2 Government Malaria Dispensary, Naduvathumuzhi NA 2 Bi-weekly Dispensary Bi-weekIy Dispensary, Thenmala 1936 Tuberculosis Clinics T. B. Clinic, Karunagapally 1960 6 Kottarakara 1961 5 24 " Primary Health Centres/Units P. H. Centre, Konni 1916 1 1 3 4 " Mynagapalli 1960 -I 4 I 4 Neduvancavu 1960 1 2 1 3 " Ranni 1930 I 1 I 3 8 P. H. unit, Chavara 1920 1 6 1 20 8 Mayyanad 1957 1 4 1 17 30 " Pathanapuram 1954 1 4 1 17 " Sooranad 1957 5 1 6 5 " 4 1 12 " Velianalloor 1958 *Source:-District Medical Officer, Quilon In addition to the above institution there are 11 98. Besides the above allopathic institutions there Maternity and Child Welfare Centres. are 3 Ayurvedic hospitals and 21 dispensaries. The details of these institutions are furnished below. Statement 21 GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC INSTITUTIONS, 1960-61* Number of patients • treated Number of Number of Number 01 Institutions vaidyans nursing personnel Outdoor Indoor beds Hospitals Government Ayurvedic Hospital, Ayoor 3 2 28,599 158 10 " Karunagapally 2 1 22,200 177 10 " Quilon 2 1 17,161 140 10 Dispensaries Government Ayurveda Dispensary, Adoor 1 534 " Chathannoor 1 8,094 Chittar 1 30 " Ittiva 1 13,122 " Kallali 1 26,770 " Kannanelloor 1 10,142 " Kottarakara 1 20,333 " Krishnapuraro 1 13,445 " Kulakkada 1 16,850 " KulathupuZha (Earar) 1 10,699 Kunnathur 1 17,531 " Kuzhikkal Edavaka (Puthur) I 13,536 Mynagapally I 14,070 " Naranganam I 7,401 " Pathanapuram 1 14,531 " Ranni 1 11,026 .," Srayicad 1 14,740 Thenmala 1 10,155 " Thadiyoor I 1l,426 " Thrikkadavur 1 11,906 " Vadakkevila I 16,629 .-, " *Source:-Department of Indigenous Medicine, Kerala 32 ELECTlUa POWER

The number of institutions and number of persons Statement 23 treated for the period 1951-52 to 1960-61 are igi~ DEATHS BY AGE-GROUPS appendix 12. Details of rural sanitations and "anti­ Age-group 1958 1959 1960 adulteration activities are furnished in_,appendices 13 Total 9,080 8,986 9,395 and 14. Below 1 year 1,333 1,260 1,137 Vital Statistics 1--l: years 1,962 1,287 1,321 J-9~ J 350 410 99. Till 1069 M.E. (1893-94) there was noregular 10-14 220 170 166 agency for the registration of vital statistics in the erst­ 15-19 187 208 155 while Travancore State though the village officers were 20-29 499 504 502 expected to keep a register of births and deaths. The 30-39 607 567 577 Towns Improvement and Conservancy Regulation II 40-49 639 658 647 of 1069 M.E. made the registration of births and deaths 50-59 877 843 900 compulsory in five towns. The first regulation of Public 60 years & above 2,756 3,139 3,580 Health to be promulgated was the Epidemic and Dis­ 102. The following statement furnishes the number eases Regulations II by 1073 M.E. Rules and st~""i'id: of deaths and death-rates by causes. ing orders have been framed under the Regulation Statement 24 from time to time regarding the control of epidemic DEATHS AND DEATH-RATES BY CAUSES diseases such as plague, smallpox, cholera and typhoid. A separate Sanitary Department was Iormed in August 1958 1959 1960 ~--, ,..---"-----, ,..---"---, .1895. The Department, as the name indIcates was Causes Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate charged with (1) registration of birth and death (ii) Total 9,080 5.028,986 4.84 9,395 4.93 Sanitation in all parts of the country, except the towns brought under the operation of the Towns Improve­ Smallpox 66 0.04 56 0.03 10 0.01 ment Regulation and (iii) Vaccination throughout Typhoid 1,113 0.62 444 0.24 61 0.03 Other fevers J 314 0.16 the country. The Regulation II of 1069 M.E. was Dysentry and Diarrhoea 723 0.40 605 0.33 620 0.32 replaced by Regulation III of 1076 M.E. (1900-01) Respiratory dIseases 1,416 0.78 1,338 0.72 1,365 0.72 but the provisions relating to registration of vital Maternal diseases 117 0.06 73 0.04 88 0.05 statistics were left unaltered. The Registration of Accidents 213 0.12 222 0.12 259 0.14 Births and Deaths Act of Travancore and Cochin States Other:. causes 5,432 3.00 6,248 3.36 6,678 3.50 were integrated and Travancore-Cocb.in Re~tration Electric Power of Births an,d Deaths Act (Act VIII of 1953) was pub­ lished in July 1953. The rules framed under tb.is Act 103. At present the entire power requirement of are noW in force throughout the rural areas of the the district is met by Pallivasal and Sengulam Hydro­ district. electric Generating Stations. The important receiv­ '. ing stations of this district are 110 kv sub-station 100. The following statement gives the number of Kundara, 66 kv sub-station, Kundara and 66 kv sub­ births and deaths and their rates for the period 1958 station, Punalur. The 110 kv sub-station at Kundara to 1960. is connected with Pallom receiving station by 110 kv Statement 22 double circuit line. Kundara is also linked with Punalur and Mavelikkara by 66 kv single circuit lines smTH AND bEATH RATES and with Trivandrum by 66 kv double circuit line. Estimated The Sabarigiri Hydro-Electric Project is one of the mid-year Number of Birth- Number of Death Year population· live-births rate deaths rate major projects of the State. The earlier proposal was to generate power in two stages and the scheme was known 1958 1,808,677 42,632 23.57 9,080 5.02 as the Pamba Hydro-Electric Project. An integrated 1959 1,857,730 47,032 25.32 8,986 4.84 project estimated to cost about Rs. 30.9 [crores was 1960 1,907,608 43,405 22.75 9,395 4.93 formally inaugurated on 18th March 1961. The integra­ ted scheme has been designated as Sabarigiri Project, *Population figures fumished by Registrar General, India the project area being situated right inside the Sabari 101. The following statement gives the distribution Ranges and very near to the Sabarimala temple. of deaths according to age-group. 'Under the Sabarigiri Hydro-Electric Project a dam will

10614198 A. COMMUNICATIONS be constructed at Pamba to impound the waters of the 4 Route from Quilon to Erattupettah via Ranni Pamba river and to form a reservoir. Another re­ and Kanjirappally 'servoir will be formed at Kakki river. These two 5 Route from Krishnapuram to Changanacherry reservoirs will be interconnected by a tunnel 10,524 via Mavelikkara and Thiruvalla feet in length, which will enable the waters of the Pamba 6 Route from Karthigapally to Achenkoil Pass reservoir to flow into the Kakki reservoir. From the latter, another tunnel 18,100 feet in length will carry 7 Route from Pandalam to Pathanapuram the water to the head of the Generating Station. The Portions of these routes lie in this district. Detailed Generating Station will be located on the right bank description of the first four important routes are fur­ of Moozhiyar, a stream which joins the Kakkad river, nished below:- which is also a tributary of the Pamba. Six numbers ROUTE FROM PANAGUDY TO TRIV ANDRUM via of 50,000 kw generators will be installed at the Power ARAMBOLY AND THENCE TO QUILON. House at Moozhiyar. The dam sites, the tunnels " ...... From Auttumkal to NavoykolurA and the site for the Power House are all in the Reserve the road tolerably good and little cultivation over Forest areas of the Ranni division in the Pathanam­ waving height and wood; from Navoykolum to Quiloa thitta taluk. The power generated from the Station little cultivation, jungle to Shatnoor on the right, the will be transmitted to Pallom and Alwaye through 220 kv road good to Quilon several mullahs with woodea line from where it will be distributed to the consumers. bridges ascent and descent difficult on passing Navoy­ When completed it will have an installed capacity of kolum. The road throughout has been made by 300,000 kw. The Pamba dam site is beyond 5 miles pioneers and fit for gun carriages etc.". from Vandiperiyar and Power House site 60 miles from Chengannur. The United States Government 2. ROUTE FROM QUI LON TO COCHIN via SHERTALAI have already conveyed their decision to sanction the IN THE I1'I!TERIOR entire amount required for the project. "From Quilon the road sandy the country close with topes and gardens to the Iywick a bar, a small Communications strip of paddy intervening, 1 mile south of it, it is (a) Roads ferried across, then along the beach, then west a wooden 104. The development of roads in the erstwhile bridge over a channel of the backwater to Shauvurra, Travancore State goes back to the period of Rama Iyen the road over heavy sand. From Shauvurra to Kuru­ Dalwa 'when several good roads were opened for the nagapully closed by .. topes and gardens, avenue of convenience of the militia chiefly and for traffic and Punnay trees, little cultivation cross an arm of the passengers as well. It should be borne in mind that backwater over a wooden bridge at Cunneat, a ferry traffic was conveyed on bullocks and donkeys before, where travellers from the interior lake load and proceed cart roads being wholly unknown except on this side by water; the road good. From Kurunagapully to of fifty years, unlike the flat country of Pandy which Koyenkulam, the country closed with topes besidelJ afforded natural facilities for cart traffic and was the intervention of the little paddy cultivation; Woo­ covered with cart tracks in all directions. But on cherra tode crossed over a bridge and the road good but this coast that natural facility being out of question sandy ...... " the so called roads were merely open tracks intended for foot travellers, the nobility travelling only on the 3 ROUTE FROM QUILON TO SHENCOTTAH via horse back or Palanquins'. According to Ward and KOTTARAKARA AND THE ARYANKAVU PASS Conner in their Memoirs of Survey (1816) there were "From Quilon Cantonment to Coondry Keelialoor seven important roads which pass through the present Channel crossed over a substantial bridge before the Quilon district. entrance to the village of that name; the country open. Route from Panagudi to Trivandrum via with patches of cultivation and the road for the most Aramboly and thence to Quilon part good. From Coon dry to Kotarakunay very little cultivation, the country alternately open and 2 Route from Quilon to Cochin via Alleppey and close with jungle, and has a few difficult ascents and Shertalai in the interior descents crosses aNullah over a bridge its entrance to :3 Route from Quilon to Shencottah via Kottara­ the village; the road tolerable. From Kotarakurray )c::tra and the Aryankavu pass t;;' Puttanapuram the country open with bare heights OOKIIUNlC4'1'ION' a few cultivated "alleys intervening with some jungle; of the other routes are furnished in the District the road good through wood before coming to Cullady Census Handbook for Alleppey District. The above river, 120 yards wide ascents and descents difficult. descriptions give the conditions of roads that traversed From Puttanapuram to Maumblathoray the country the distr.ict in the beginning of the 19th century. In intricate and close covered with forest, intersected by 1049 M.E. (1873-74) a beginning was made for a new hill streams and several difficult ascents and descents, road from Trivandrum passing to Angamali through renders the road difficult for carriage; the elephants the Central part of this district. The construction of troublesome to travellers. From Maumblathoray to this road, known as the Main Central Road, was com­ Ariankavu the road indifferent through woods and pleted after 4 years. These roads were connected by fOrest with difficult ascents and from Ariankavu to primitive foot-tracts impassable for carriages or even Shencottah the road tolerably good, the descent of the laden cattle. This state of affairs continued till the Pass to Pooliary easy and little cultivation, difficult for time of Sir T. Madhava Row. He was mainly res­ wheel carriages. The road in general good for detach­ ponsible for the development of roads. The period Ulent moving without artillery etc. as well as for mer­ of ten years fi'om following the appointment of Mr. chants, laden bullq_ks, is frequented throughout the Barton as Chief Engineer was remarkable in the field year" of expansion of communication facilities. With the steady increase in the length of roads every year, a 4 ROUTE FROM QUILON TO ERATTUPETTAH vza, Road Board to advise the Government and Public RANNI AND KANJIRAPPALLY Works Department in the matter of opening, improve­ ments and maintenance of roads and bridges was cre­ "This is not much frequented, it IS cir­ ated in 1105 M.E. (1929-30). This is another important cuitous, and confined, but admits of laden cattle; liindmark in the history of development of roads in confined to a path to Rannee where it crosses the Tra"ancore. The road from Quilon to Cochin was pumbay, thence through a hilly and wild tract, the converted into a National Highway in the recent years. Munnymala river is ferried over in small canoes, again At present this district has a net work of good motorable through forest to Kanjirapully, from thence to Erattu­ roads. The subjoined statement gives the present pettah the road good being lately enlarged". Description length of roads by major classifications.

StatemeDt 25 ROADS, 1961.

Total Nationa l highway State highway Length r- Length Length Length Length Length Length per 100 per Ilakh T.ength per 100 per Ilakh Length per 100 inkm. sq. !un. per 11akh DistrictITa luk populatic n I in km. sq. km. population in km. sq.km. population 3 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 , (taDon District 3,358.16 70.96 172.99 49.49 1.05 2.55 271.78 5.74 14.00 ~arun~apaHy taluk 358.26 177.53 135.10 2~.3~ 12.06 9.18 Kottar akara 685.93 124.41 207.02 70.01 12.70 " 504.73 129.38 21.13 KUlluathm: 212.03 44.66 11.45 18.76 " 662.54- 33.5~ Pathanamthitta 198.78 57.33 2.90 17.20 Pathanapuram 519.42 42.11 209.67 85.30 6.92 " 164.97 34.4,:, Quilon 627.23 119.34 25.15 6.61 4.79 14.48 3.81 !.(.75 District roads Village roadst Others r- r- Length Length --. Length Length Length Length Length per 100 per 11akh Length per 100 per Ilakh Length per 100 inkm. rq. km. population per llakll in km. sq. km. population mkm. sq. km. populatiOJl 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 5~2.54 11.47 27.95 2,371.22 50.10 122.15 123.13 2.60 6.34 45.06 22.33 16.99 288.86 143.14 108.93 93.34 16.93 28.17 508.15 92.16 153.35 14.48 2.62 4.37 106.82 27.38 404.87 353.25 90.55 148.40 103.40 5.23 31.02 500.90 25.36 150.28 0.91 0.05 110.64 8.97 44.66 0.28 313.82 25.44 126.68 9.66 0.78 lUO 83.28 21.~O 15.85 406.24 106.85 77.29 98.08 25.80 llUf. tInclusi~e of Pan~hayat ~oad, of :m?re than local imp.oItance' Source.-Executlve Engmeer, BuIldIngs and Roads, D1rector of Panehayats and Director of Municipalities 35 10614198A. COMHtmlCATlONS

o\n account of road surface is furnished below.

Statement 20 ROAD SURFACE·

Total National bi8'hway State highway District roadst Village roadst Others Road surface kIn. Jun. km. km. km. km.

'fotal 3,358.16 49.49 271. 78 542.54 2,371.22 123.13 Concrete 1.81 1.61 0.20 Bituminus 416.82 49.49 270.17 43.25 17.70 36.21 Waterbound Maccadum 955.98 426.27 505.16 24.55 Unmetalled, earthen etc. 1,936.77 73.02 1,848.36 15.39 Classification not available 46.78 46.78

*Source:-Executive Engineer, Buildings and Roads, Director of Panchayats and Director of Municipalitic, tInciusive of Panchavat roads of 'more than local importance'

A polymetric table of distances is furnished in QJlilon to Chackai. The construction work was com­ appendix 15. pleted in 19 I 7 and the line opened for traffic on 1st January 1918. From Chackai the line was extended (b) Railways to Trivandrum Central on November 4, 1931. The construction of the Quilon-Ernakulam railway line 105. The Madras Government proposed the comtruc· was taken up and completed during the decade 1951-61. tion of the ra.ilway line as early as 1873 eventhough the The Quilon-Kottayam section was ina1Jgurated on 6th matter was taken up by the Government of Travancore January 1958. The entire railway line of this district for serious consideration only in 1876. Mr. Barton, is metre guage. The extreme railway stations in the the Chief Engineer' of the Travancore State, who was Trivanruum-Ernakulam railway line which fall in the consulted on the point drew up a memorandum pro­ revenue jurisdiction of this district are Paravoor and posing a line to run west from Koilpatti through the Oachira. Aryankavu is the ea~tern-most railway station Chittar Valley entering the Travancore tenitory near of the district. Facilities provided at the various railway Shencottah and hence to Trivandrum with a branch stations are furnished in appendix 16. line to Quilon. The South Indian Railway company, on the other hand, was inclined to make a survey of the (c) Canals southern route via the Arambo1y pass to Trivandrum 106. During the period of Ayilyam Thirunal (1860- but as the opinion was in favour of the Northern route, 1880) the importance of connecting Trivandrum to the they obtained permission to survey that as well. The northern districts was first appreciated. The Paravoor preliminary survey was completed by the end of April Canal (length 2 miles) connecting the bad,wat('fs', of 1882. In 1883 they presented a further report of Edava and Paravur was opened at the time of D~wan -estimates and drawing of the line. Based on these Venkita Rao. During the same pedod Quilon Canal proposals considerable correspondence passed between connecting Paravoor and Ashtamudi lakes was con­ the Government of Travancore and S.l.R. Company. structed. It was followed by the construction of The matter was again taken up in 1895 and after three Chavara canal connecting Ashtamudi and Panmana years all practical steps towards the construction of backwaters. These canals are part of the present West the line was done. The survey of Tirunelve1i-Quilon ,inc Coast Ca:1al which starts from Trivandrum in the south was completed by September 1900. On 26th November and end~ at Hosdrug in the north but for the break 1904 this line was opened for traffic. The railway­ between Athirangam and Badagara. There are line traverses through a difficult track. There are regular pa5senger boat services operating between altogether five tunnels all of which go through very Quilon and Alleppy, Quikm and Kayamkulam, ganatoid gneiss. The longest tunnel is 2,800 teet in Quilon and Kadapuzha and Quilon and length. The construction of this line considerably Pattakadavu. helped to promote the commercial and trade interests (d) Pons of the district. In 1913 the Government of India 107. There are two ports in the district viz., Quilon sanctioned the extension of railway line from and Koilthottam. COMMUNICATIONS

(i) Port of Q.uilon Year of opening Place 108. Quilon port is an open roadstead located about 1951-52 Chavara 40 miles north of Trivandrum and 48 miles south of 1954-55 Karunagapally Alleppey. The survey of the roadstead was under­ 1955-56 Perinad taken and completed in 1054 M.E. (1878-79). Usually Quilon BazaKavanad private parties are used for the shipping operations at Pathanapuralll the port. Cargo is transported to the steamers using 1959-60 Kihkollur cargo lighters which ply between ships and the shore. Kunmcode Quilon D. T. O. The port is closed to traffic during south-west monsoon. Tangasseri The main imports Kadampanad cargo handling capacity of the port is 700 tons per Kulathupuzha

(e) Postal As on 31st March 1950 Kundara 18 6 Pnnalur 16 3 110. M?st of the villages h,we post offices. During Quilon 175 25 1960-61 this district has 283 post offices. A list of post 1958-59 Chavara 15 offices is furnished in appendix 17. Paravoor 14 , 1960-61 Kozhencherry 20 (f) Telegraphs 111. There are altogether 28 telegraph offices *Source:-Director of Posts and Telegraphs, Kerala in the district. The names of telegraph offices are furnished below. The above telephone exchanges provide a number of public call offices also. The subjoined statement State~ent 27 gives the places where public call offices exist in thh TELEGRAPH OFFICES * district during 1960-6l. Year of opening Place Statement 29 As on 1st April 1951 Adur PUBUC CALL OFFICES ** Kottarak31 a Kozhencherri Name of ;'\fame o~ublic Year of Number ot exchange call 0 ce starting exten~io" Kundara provided Mayyanad ParavoOl Chavara Chavara Before 31-3-1950 Pathanamthltta Karunagapally 7 Punalur Neendakara 1959-60 .. Quilon Cutcherry Kozhencherry Kozhencherry Before 31-3-1950 Quilon H. P. O. Pathanamthitta * 11 " 37 10614198 A iNDUSTRIES

Name of Name of public Number of following Slakmcnt gi\'e~ the taIuk-wise distribution exchange call office year of starting extensions provided of industrial e~tablishments of this dish jet.

Kundara Kallada East* 1958-59 Statem.ent 30 Kundara Before 31-3-1950 DISTRmUTION OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS Kundara East 1958-59 Xumber of lIldustnal Mulavana 1959-60 "stabhshments P"rccntage dlstllbntlOn r--- - __.A,____---, ,------.A______~ Paravoor Mayyanad* Before 31-3-1950 Distnct/T.tluh Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Paravoor Quilon District 7,288 6,191 1,097 100 00 100.00 100 OJ} Punalur Anchal* 1960-61 Kottarakara* Before 31-3-1950 6 Karunagapall} taluk 1,729 1,729 23.72 27 93 Kulathupuzha* 1959-60 Kottarakara ., 839 839 11.51 13.55 Kunmcode* 1957-58 Kunnathul' 857 857 11.76 13.84 Pathanapuram* 1952-.13 Pathanamthl(ta .. 577 577 7.92 9.32 Punalur Before 31-3-1950 Pathanapuralll 748 748 10.26 12 08 Punalur P.O. 1960-61 " Quilon 2,538 1,441 34.83 Thenmala* 1959-60 1,097 23.28 100.00

Quilon Asramom 1957-58 The important industries of the district in the Chathanoor* Before 31-3-1950 9 Older of volume of employment are furnished below. Eravipuram 1959-60 Processing of cashewnut and canmng of fruits 57,674 persons Kavanad 1960-61 Kilikollur 1957-58 Manufacture of bidl 3,370 Kottiyam 1958-59 Manufacture of tile~ and brick; 2,755 Perinad* 1954-55 Mineral concerns 2,213 Quilon Before 31-3-1950 Manufacture of coir and COIl' products 1,772 Quilon Bazaar 1957-58 ManufactUl e of agricultural implements Quilon Cutcherry including black~mlthy 1,592 Quilon D.T.O. 1959-60 Production of copra, processlllg of areca -nut, Quilon R. S. nce, and flour mill~ and production of Tangasseri 1957-58 rice by hand poundmg 1,452 Tailoring 1,426 *Long distance public call office Manufacture of jewellery 1,364 **Source:-Director of Post and Telegraphs, Kerala Handloom-weaving 1,292

Adoor, Ranni and Vadasserikara public call Considering the number of industrial establish~ offices are attached to Ma.velikkara exchange while ments tobacco plOducts, textiles and foodstuffs and Oachira public call office is attached to Kayam­ beverages are the important industries of the district. kulam exchange. Steps are being taken to start (i) Tobacco Products telephone excha.nges at Adoor, Anchal, Chathanoor, Karunagapally, Konni, Kottarakara, Kottiyam, Patha­ 114. The industries based on tobacco products i~ namthitta, Pathanapuram, Ranni and Sasthamcottah. represented by the major group 22. Manufacture A table showing the number of direct and extension of bidi which is the only minor group coming under connection provided during the period 1950-51 to this major group in the district has 2,355 industrial 1960-61 is given sepafately in appendix 18. establishments. (ii) Textiles Industries 115. 18 per cent of the total industrial establish­ 113. According to the Housing and Establishment ments fall in the textile industry. It is represented b} Tables based on the houselists prepared in 1960 in major groups 23-27. The following statement gives connection with the 1961 Census there are 7,288 factoties the classification of this industry by the number of an~ workshops together in the district out of 58,365 industrial establishments under different types of work industrial establishments in the State. The above facto­ and the volume of employment in each for the Quilou ries in the district have engaged 88,328 workers. The district.

38 INDl18'1'1UEB

Statement 31 Statement 33 CLASSIFICATION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY BY TYPE OF DISTlUBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS WORK AND VOLUME OF EMPLOYMENT UNDER FOO))"STUFFS AND BEVERAGES

Number of Number of industrial Volume of industrial Volume of Classification establishments employment ClaSSIficatIon establishments employment Cotton gmnmg, cleaning, plessing etc. + Production of copra 150 476 3 Cotton spmning other than In mills 6 16 Processing of arec-nut 21 Rice and flour mills 262 829 Cotton spinmng and weaving in mills 948 Production of rice, flour etc. by 13leachmg and dyemg of cotton textiles 4 18 hand pounding 27 126 Handloom-weaving 296 1,292 Processmg of cashewnuts 167 57,599 KhadI-weaving in hilndloom 3 50 Canning and preservation offruits 75 Printing of cotton textiles 2 II Siaughtermg of cattle 4 13 Jute spmning 3 18 Preservation of fish 118 215 Tailormg 795 1,-1-26 Bakery 70 242 Manufacture of mattress 3 ProductIOn of dairy products 4 OIl mIlls 88 648 Manufacture of coir and cOIr products 197 1.772 Extl action of 011 by country chuck 17 65 Assembling and manufacture of spare parts of umbrella 3 19 Manufacture of 'avII', 'appalam' etc. 34 128 Manufacture of soda water and lemonade 103 228 Repamng of umbrella 6 11 Manufacture of Ice 2 22 The industries based on coil' and coil' products l\fanufacture of Ice cream 4 and handloom-weaving are worth analysing. Coir PrOCE%lllg, packmg and dIstrIbutIOn of tea 16 426 establishments are mainly located in the coastal taluks Processmg of coffee 8 of Karunagapally and Quilon while handloom-weaving 23 establishments are concentra.ted in the Quilon taluk. The above figures show that the cashewestablish­ The following statement illustrates this. ments engage the maximum number of workers. There Statement 32 are more than 57,000 employees engaged in this in­ dustry. The following statement gives the distri­ DISTRIBVTION OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS UNDER HANDLOOM-WEAVING AND com AND bution", 01 these establishmenls. com PRODUCTS Statement 34 Coir and coir INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS UNDER i>ROCESSING Handloom-weaving products OF CASHEW r--- ~-. Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Dlstrict/Tal)lk Numuer of industrial establishments Q.uilOD District 296 294 2 197 180 17 r------~------. Dlstrict/Taluk Total Rural Urban Karunagapally taluk 48 -1-8 65 65 Q.uiloD District 167 Kottarakara 76 76 134 " 16 16 Karunagapally taluk 5 5 Kunnathur " 4 4 Kottarakara 51 51 Pathanamthitta " 22 22 Kunnathur j 5 Pathanapuram " Quilon 130 128 2 130 113 17 Pathanapuram 9 9 Quilon 97 64 33 (iii) Food-stu:lfs ~nd Beve:rages 116. This category is represented by major groups Size of Employment 20 and 21. The distribution of the industrial establish­ 117~ The statement showing the number of industrial ments in this category is given in the subjoined state­ establishments classified by size of employment is ment. futni~hed below!

39 106/4198 A INDUSTItIES

Statement 35 INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE Of' EMPLOYMElIIT

Number ofindustrial establishments by size of employment r---- 2-5 6-9 10-19 20-49 50-99 100 perSOII. District/Taluk Total person persons persons perSOll' persons persons and a1:xwe.

QaUon District 7,288 3,851 2,749 260 156 90 31 1'*5 Karunagapally taluk 1,729 1,1+2 478 61 23 14 2 , Kottarakara .. 839 400 363 16 14 9 9 28 Kunnathur " 857 681- 144- 18 5 5 Pathanamthitta " 577 238 266 40 ~o 13 Pathanapuram 748 434 260 13 18 8 5 10 Quilon 2,538 953 1,238 112 76 46 20 93

The above statement reveals that this district has or more. The names of these industries classified by 145 industrial establishments which engage 100 workers type of fuel used are furnished below.

Statement 36 INDUSTlUES WITH 100 PERSONS AND ABOVE CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF FUEL USED

Number of pel'llons employed Number of , Description factories Total Electricity Liquid fuel No power

Rice and flour mill 256 256

Processing of cashewnuts ll6 56,073 56,073 Cotton spinning & weaving in mills 948 948

Manufacture of coir and coir products 3 596 488 108 Sawing of wood 200 200 :Manufacture of plywood 165 165 Manufacture of wooden boxes and packing casei ISS 155 Manufacture of paper in mills 1,100 1,100 Manufacture of rubber products like rubber "heets, _ crepe sole, smoke rubber etc. 117 117 Manufacture of matches 110 110 Manufacture of tiles and bricks 8 1,559 1,333 124- 102 Manufacture of chinaware and crockery 1 187 187 Mineral concern <4r 2,213 2,213 Manufacture of tm cans and copper vessels 280 280 Manufacture of agricultural implements includmg blacksmithy J 356 356 ., Repairmg and assembling of machinery I 100 100 Manufacture of electric metres, production of electric and allied products, repairing of electric appliances etc. 2 367 367 ...

A table showing the a.nnual average earnings of workmen IS fumished in appendix 19. INDUSTBIBIiI

Registered factories ment gives the classification of these factories by capacity 118. The district has 344 registered factories during of employment. the year ending 30th June 1961. The following state- Statement 37 REGISTERED FAC'Ji'ORIES CLASSIFIED BY CAPACITY OF EMPLOYMENT

Capacity of employment

Less than 20 50 100 200 250 450 500 750 800 1,000 1,700 Item Total 20 persons persons persons persons persons persons pe1'llons pel'lIOns persons persons persons persons Cannmg and preser- vation offruits Preservation:of fish Manufacture of con- fectionary Crushing of copra 17 9 8 Manufacture of tea 10 2 5 Manufacture of aerated water -4: 4 Processing of cashewnut 153 H 3 3 15 65 46 4- Starch factory 2 Manufacture of cotton textiles Manufacture of coir products 2 I 1 Sawing of timber 21 13 3 3 2 Manufacture of plywood lVIanufacture of packing cases 20 9 9 2 Manufacture of texttle wooden bobbin Manufacture of bobbins, packing cases, match frames etc. ManufactureZof splmts and veneers 1 for matches 18 7 7 4 \ Manufacture of papel Printing presses 8 S 3 Rubber factories, 14 5 7 Manufacture of chemi- cals Manufacture of carbon dioxide gas Receiving, stormg and distribution of petro- leum products 3 2 I Manufacture of tiles 27 3 8 13 '2 Manufacture of cro- ckeries, toys, porce- lain artic1es:etc. 3 Manufacture of alumi- nium rods, i nstalla tion cables etc. Manufacture of concrete pipes Manufacture of tin cans 13 6 3 3 Engineering workshops and foundry 3 2 Fabricate, galvaruzing fuundry and manu- facture of machinery

41 Stateme:nt 37 REGISTERED FACTORIES CLASSIFIED BY CAPACITY OF EMPLOYMENT-concld. Capacity of employment

Less than 20 50 100 200 250 450 500 750 800 1,000 1,700 Item Total 20 persons persons persons persons persons persons persons persons persons persons persom persons

RepaIring of pontoons, barges and tugs Construction of fishing boats Manufacture of electrical metres Manufacture of electric wiring accessories etc. Repairs of automobIles and manufacturing of spare parts 6 3 2 l\1anufacture of cham Cover and cycle gear ca;c 2 Manufacture of pencils

*Source:-Jnspector of Factories, Kerala

Quilon taluk has the largest number of registered Statement 39 factories when compared to other taluks of the district: TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS· The following statement illustrates this. Import Export Statement 38 value value in rupees III rupees DISTRIBUTION OF REGISTERED FACTORIES Year Quilon Koilthottam Quilon

Number of registered Percentage 1952-53 NA 83,47,174 34,72,958 DIstnctfTaluk factories distribution 1953-54 1,95,57,373 1,11,07,909 37,34,616 Q.ui1on District 344 100.00 1954-55 44,15,144 1,17,22,8~5 78,96,054 1955-56 1,42,59,837 1,00,19,040 1,85,80,984 Karunagapally taluk 13 3 78 1956-57 NA 1,37,26,442 1,18,94,500 Kottarakara 34 9.88 1957-58 53,53,939 1,51,74,349 2,34,02,400 Kunnathur 9 2.62 1958-59 92,38,057 1,37,95,497 1,76,78,477 Pathanamthitta 12 3.49 1959-60 49,22,612 1,32,37,372 NA Pathanapuram 26 7.56 Quilon 250 72.67 NA-Not available *Source:-Department of Sta(jstIcs, Kerala A table showing the important centres of handicrafts Detailed tables relating to tonnage of vessels, with the materials used and particulars of products is imports and exports are furnished in appendices 23, furnished in appendix 20. 24 and 25.

Strikes and Lockouts Fisheries 119. Two tables, one showing the industrial disputes 121. The important fishing centres are Alappad, resulti~g in work stoppages for the period 1957 to Cheriazheeka4 Pandarathuruth, Puthenthura, Neen­ 1960 and another showing the number of industrial dakara, Tangasseri, Eravipuram and Paravoor. disputes resulting in work stoppages by causes for the Fresh fish is taken to different markets mainly by same period are given in appendices 21 and 22. lorries, cycles and head loads. The chief inland fishes are prawn, mullet, chekti, milk fish and pearl Tnde spot. The most impOl tant fresh water fishes are 120. The total value of exports and imports in carps, cat fishes and snake heads. There is a relation to the two ports viz. Koilthottam and Quilon Departmental Fish Farm at Ayiramthengu. There are furnished below. are three Governmen t Fish Curing Yards in

42 COMMUNI'l'Y DBVELOPMEN'l' the District where salt i, supplied to ticket holders at Item Quilon District Kerala State 50% of the cost price. They ate located at Neendakara, Small boats (a) Plank 323 1,230 Puthenthura and Cheriazheekal. The Indo-Norwegian (b) Dugout, 856 4.319 Fisheries Project was started in October 1952 under a (c) Average per tripartite agreement signed between the United Nations household o 28 ().I~ and the Government of Norway and Indi'a. The main Catamaran '2.76 8,280 object of the project is mechanisation of the fishing Nets (a) Shore seine 401 4,501 boats, provision of repair facilities, introduction of new (b) Boat seine 731 21,281 type of fishing gear, improvement of processing and (c) Drift net 1,129 3'),778 curing methods, building one or more ice-producing (d) Average per plants, supply of insulated vans and motor crafts for household 0.54 1.46 transporting fresh fish, organisation of fishermen co­ Line and hooks Sets 603 16,312 Income Rs. 19,06,675 2,27,72,297 operatives, improvement of environmental 5anitation Average income per household Rs. 454 542 with main stress on the supply of drinking water and Debt Rs. 16,60,018 1,35,08,837 establishment of a health sanitation. An ice factory, Asset Rs. 5,53,600 29,49,643 a boat building yard and a health ~entre have already Average debt per household been established. The ice factory is supplying ice (a) for debtors onlv R;. 507 401 at cheap rate to fi~hermen. A survey conducted On (b) for all Rs. 39) 322 fishermen's assets and liabilities in 1957·58 reveal~ the *Source:-Department of Fisheries, Kerala following. Statement 40 Community Development ASSETS AND LIABIUTIES OF FISHERMEN * 122. The particulars of the development blocks, Item ~QUllon DI~tncl Kerala State the stage of each block, the yeal of starting, area and Average household size 60 6.4 the number of villages or panchayats included in each Big boats (a) Plank 222 1,943 (b) Dugouts 241 4,455 block in the district are given below. (c) Average per household 0.11 0.15

Sta(em.ent 41

DEVELOPMENT BLOCKS.

No. of Presenl Yeal of Area 111 villages or Taluk Block statu~ startmg sq. mile, panchayah Remark>

Pathanamthitta '. Elanthoor Pre-Extn. 1-4-1960 47.5 5 2 Konni Stage I 1-4-1958 67.1 6 Started as Pre-extension block. Converted into Stage I on 1-4-1959 3 Ranni 2-10-1955 86.8 6 N.E.S. Kunnathur -I- Sasthamcottah 2-10-1957 71.4 5 5 Chavara Karunagapally J 2-10-1958 27.3 4 Converted into Stage I o. 2-10-1959 6 Karunagapall) 1-4-1956 34.9 6 N.E.S. 7 Oachira Pre-Extn 1-10-1961 27.5 4 Quilon 8 Anchalummoodu Stage I 2-10-1956 19.7 3 N.E.S. 9 Chittumala 1-4-1959 28,4 3 Converted into Stage I on 1-4-1960 10 Ithikara Pre-Extn. 1-4-1961 52.9 4 Kottarakara II Kottarakara Stage I 1·4·1955 53.2 6 N.E.S. 12 Vettikkavala 1-4-1958 63.2 6 Pathanapuram 13 Pathanapuram 2-10-1957 158.4 4:

*Source:-The Development Department, Kerala

The achievements under all the blocks together for the period 1956.57 to 1960·61 ar

43 LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

Revenue force in British India at the tlme, constituting the total 123. Statements of the following items of revenue areas which had been declared as towm by Regulation have been given in appendices 27 to 31 II of 1069 and III of 1076 into municipalities a revised constltution being sanctioned for each of the councils. 1 Receipts under excise revenue for the peIiod The maximum elected non-offIcial element in the 1950-51 to 1960-61 councils were fixed. The 5cOl-e of the municipal 2 Salestax l'evenue for 1950-51 to 1960-61 activities was enlarged and the obligation and di!>­ 3 Agricultural income tax and supel tax for the cretionary duties of municipal councils were defined'. period 1955-56 to 1960-61 It was drafted on the lines of Madras District Munici­ 4 Incidence of land revenue assessment fOl the palities Act of 1884 and the Punjab Municipalities Act period 1950-51 to 1960-61 of 1891. Quilon was declared as a municipal town 5 Receipts under entert

44 CRIMINAL IUSTICE

Statement 42 TYPES OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES, 1960-61 *

Paid up Deposits Reserve Total Loans ISSUed share and and working Total by Co-opera­ Total capItal borrowings other funds capital tive sO(letics No. of No. of Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Type of society sOcietiCi members Rs. in lakhs in lakhs in lakhs in lakhs in lakhs Co-operative Central Bank 222 10.08 45.77 0.21 56.06 27.31 Primary Land Mortgage Bank 1,501 0.47 0.4-7 Agricultural Credit Societies (a) Large sized 20 19,377 8.10 18.40 1.45 27.95 19.18 (b) Small sized 394 84,477 16.82 32.17 5.31 54.30 27.54 Non-Agricultural Credit Societies 58 15,620 6.47 9.22 2.47 18.16 8.14 Primary Marketing Societies II 1,585 1.12 0.61 0.03 1.76 Milk Supplies Union 1 61 0.11 0.05 0.10 0.26 Milk Supplies Societies 20 1,243 0.18 0.04 0.03 0.25 0.02 Farming Societies 12 1,015 0.57 0.39 0.03 0.99 0.04- Irrigation Societies 3 343 004 0.06 0.10 Sugar Factories 1 82 2.07 2.07 Wholesale Stores 1 25 0.06 0.06 Primary Consumers Co-operative Societies 11 2,618 0.80 0.52 0.24 156 Housing Sociebes 4- 169 0.08 0.10 0.18 0.11.- Weavers Societies B 1,915 o 22 0.01 0.23 Other Industrial Societles 11 1,013 0.10 0.08 0.01 0.19 35 4,397 Fisheries Societies 0.34 1.25 0.09 1.68 0.28 Other Non Credit Societies (a) Agricultural 35 3,201 0.41 5.00 0.11 5.52 0.19 (b) Non-Agricultural 112 17,960 2.15 5.77 1.53 9.45 0.16 Supervising Unions 6 519

*Source:-Departmcnt of Co-operative Societies, Kerala

The following statement gives the classification Criminal Justice of loans by agricultural and non-agricultural credit societies only by purpose for the year ending 128. The number of judges and magistrates of the district are furnished below. 30th June 1961. Statem.ent 43 LOANS ISSUED BY AGRICULTURAL AND Statement 44 NON-AGRICULTURAL CREDIT SOCIETIES, 1960-61 * NUMBER OF JUDGES AND MAGISTRATES 1960-61* Agricultural Non-agncu1- Item credit societies tural credit Details Number societies Rs. Rs. I CIVIL Dj~trictJudges 2 Total 46,73,258 8,14,466 ii Other Judges I SHORT TERM TOTAL 19,94,586 1,76,937 (a) StIpendiary !I (i) Seasonal agricultural operations 16,42,272 33,439 (b) Honorary 1 (ii) Purchase of agricultural II CRIMINAL Implements 39,525 Session Judges (iii) Marketing of crops 1,525 2 1i Other Judges (iv) Industrial purposes 700 13,103 2 iii District Magistrates (v) Consumption loans (Domestic, 1 celemonies etc.) 7,285 IB,Ooo iv Other MagThtrates (a) StIpendiary (V1) Othen. 3,03,27B 62,440 11 (b) Honorary II MEDIUM TERM TOTAL 26,78,672 5,37,479 1 (1) Smkmg or repairs to wclh 18,991 * Source:-High Court of Kerala (iil Purchase of machinery 75,451 (iii) Purchase of cattle 1,79,705 25,000 (iv) Mmor 1mprovements 10,82,739 2,00,450 The following statement gives the position regarding (v) Other purposes 13,21.786 4,12,029 the principal offences under the Indian Penal Code in_ *Source:-Department of Co-operative Societie., Kerala the district for the period 1950-51 to 1960.61.

45 Statement 45

THE PRINCIPAL OFFENCES UNDER L P. C. FOR THE PERIOD 1950-51 TO 1~1.

Other sections Offence against the state Offences and public tranquility Murder against the person Dacoity

Convictions Convictions Convictions Convictions Year Reported obtained Reported obtained Reported obtained Reported obtained 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ,!,lSO-51 70 27 31 20 538 310 4 3 1951-52 70 24 28 19 550 323 1 1 1952-53 67 32 32 21 533 310 1 1953-54 89 34 31 17 545 290 3 3 1954-55 90 45 35 24 481 265 2 2 le/55-56 127 40 30 18 527 282 1956-57 102 42 33 25 647 298 3 2 1957-58 137 43 35 19 717 312 5 3 1958-59 170 51 41 24 820 334 3 1 1959-60 166 44 43 25 763 331 4 1960-61 104 19 34 16 860 302

House trespass and house breaking with intention Cattle theft Ordinary theft to commit offence Robbery Other crimes

ConvIctions Convictions Convictions Convictions Convictions Reported obtained Reported obtained Reported obtained Reported obtained Reported obtained lU 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 16 12 178 101 110 63 26 7 322 86 14 7 162 84 135 73 24 9 422 82 2U 12 188 92 141 71 17 5 369 87 20 10 172 98 153 52 15 5 414 93 17 8 160 96 146 75 10 4 318 75 21 13 146 82 160 79 11 3 333 72 18 9 200 103 186 73 24 10 355 107 19 11 233 133 242 103 32 11 360 99 8 4: 230 116 263 101 19 6 390 97 12 5 217 88 260 102 17 6 486 112 9 4 246 112 218 76 17 482 117

.Source:-Inspector General of Police, Kerala

The following statement gives the number of convicts received and released in different jails of the district.

Statement 46 THE NUMBER OF CONVICTS IN DIFFERENT JAn.s FOR THE PERIOD 1955-56 TO 1960-61.

No. of convicts at the No. of convicts received No. of convicts released Total remaining at begmning of the year during the year during the year the end of the year r-~ ....., r-----'---~ Year M F M F 1\1 F M F 1955-56 34 223 18 242 18 15 1956-57 15 482 37 473 37 24 1957-58 24 1,002 114 1,004 113 22 1958~59 22 1,618 49 1,626 50 14 1959~60 14 1,936 45 1,938 45 12 1960-61 12 338 6 331 6 19

"Source:-Inspector General of Prisons, Kerala

A table showing the nature and length of convicts number of police stations, strength of portee etc. are :gh'f'n in appendix 36. Another table showing the furnished in appendix 37. OCCUPIED HOUSE AND HOUSEHOLDS

Small Savings Scheme Statement 48 129. The following statement gives the small savings VARIATION IN OCCUPIED CENSUS HOUSES collection in the district for the period 1958-59 to Total Rural Urban 1960-61 under the various items. ~ ,...----"----- ,..-----A--, Percen- Percen- Percen- tage tage tage Statemen t 47 Census decade decade decade Year Number variation Number variation Number variation SMALL SAVINGS COLLECTION. 1921 134,651 127,568 7,083 Rupees in thousands , 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 1931 169,647 +25.99 160,038 +25.45 9,609 +35.66 ,---A-----, ,---A-----, ,.-----A-----; 1941 211,358 +24.59 197,694 +23.53 13,664 +42.20 Classification Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net 1951 255,895 +21.07 235,340 +19.04 20,555 +50.43 1 National plan certIficate 716 N.A. 1,014 707 519 432 1961 328,673 +28.44 307,101 +30.49 21,572 + 4.95 2 Ten year savings de- The growth of occupied houses is highest in the posit certificate N.A. N.A. 10 10 30 30 decade 1951-61 when compared to other decades. 3 Annuity certificate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A 135. The density of occupied houses in the rural 4 Post office savings areas showed an increase from 13,241 in 195.1' to Bank N.A. N.A. 3,720 288 4,378 1,792 16,945 in 1961 per 100 sq. miles. In the urban areas 5 Cumulative time , deposit 0.5 0.5 98 98 65 65 the density of occupied census houses per sq. mile has increased from 412 in 1951 to 1,443 in 1961. 6 Prize bonds 200 200 136. The following statement shows the number '. Source:-National Savings Organisations, Kerala of persons per 1,000 occupied houses in this district by rural and urban areas for the last five censuses. Printing Presses and Periodicals Statement 49 130. The number of printing presses in the district PERSONS PER 1,000 OCCUPIED HOUSES FOR THE has increased from 23 in 1950-51 to 60 in 1960-61. LAST FrVE CENSUSES In 1960-61 there are four Ma1ayalam dailies two Malaya1am weeklies and six magazines. A table Persons per 1,000 occupied houses showing the mtmber of printing presses during the Census Year Total Rural Urban decade 1950-51 to 1960-61 is furnished in appendix,38. 1921 5,289 5,38~ 3,549 1931 5,369 Entertainments 5,480 3,511 1941 5.403 5,527 3,623 131. The \ particulars regarding cinema theatre, 1951 5,760 5,982 3,217 fiIms exhibited etc. for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 1961 5,906 5,851 6,686 for the Quilon municip&lity lire furnished in appen­ dix 39. 137. Persons per occupied census house for each taluk of the district for 1961 is furnished below. Employment Exchange Activities Statement 50 I 132. The employment exchange activities for the PERSONS PER OCCupmD CENSUS HOUSE BY TALUKS period 1958-59 to 1960-61 areJurnished in appendix 40. Persons per occupied census house

Taluk Total Rural Urban Important Events Karunagapally 5.75 5.75 133. A table showing the list of important events Kottarakara 5.87 5.87 by taluks is given in appendix 41. Kunnathur 5.62 5.62 Pathanamthitta 5.76 5.76 Occupied Houses and Households Pathanapuram 5.76 5.76 134. Occupied residential houses of this district Quilon 6.23 6.13 6.52 have shown an increase of 144 per cent during the 138. For every 100 occupied residential houses period 1921-61 against the Kera1a State increase of in the district there are about 103 households. The­ 93 per cent. The decennial growth rates of occupied following statement gives the proportion of occupied census houses are furnished in the following statement. households to houses for rural and urban areas.

47 OOOUPIED 1l0UBII AND HOUSEHOLDS

StatelDent 51 PROPORTION OF OCCUPIED HOUSEHOLDS TO HOUSES Rural areas Urban areas 139. During the houselisting operations connected with the 1961 census a wealth of details like the purpose Proportion Proportion of house­ of house­ for which the census house is used, tenure status holds to holds to materials of wall and roof, the number of persons and Taluk houses Town houses rooms per household etc. were collected. The follow­ Karunagapally 1.01 Kilikollur 1 . 11 ing statement presents the distribution of census houses Kottarakara 1 01 Kundara 1 .03 by uses in the district. Kunnathur 1.02 Quilon (Municipal) 1.08 Pathanamthitta 1.02 Pathanapuram 1.04 Quilon 1.05 Statement 52 DISTRIBUTION OF CENSUS HOUSES BY CATEGORIES AND BY RURAL-URBAN AREAS Distribution of 1,000 census Distribution of 1,000 census houses houses between rural and urban Category of census houses Total Rural Urban Rural Urban ---- Total n1Ul1ber of census houses 1,000 1,000 1,000 927 73 1 Vacant census houses 78 77 95 911 89 2 Occupied census houses used as (i) Dwellings 813 820 717 935 65 (ii) Shop-cum-dwellings 3 3 5 870 130 (iiI) Workshop-cum-dwellings 2 811 189 (iv) Hotels, sarais, dharmasalas, tourist homes and inspection houses N N 2 539 -%1 (v) Shops excluding eating houses 44 41 81 864 136 (vi) Business houses and offices 6 5 15 804 196 (vii) Factories, workshops and worksheds 18 16 36 851 149 (viii) Schools and other educational institutions including training classes, coaching and shop classes 5 5 4 935 65 (ix) Restaurants, sweetmeat shops and eating places 21 21 18 937 63 (x) Places of entertainment and community Ir.'therings (Panchayat Ghar) 944 56 (xi) Public health and medical institutions, hospitals, health centres, doctor's clinics, dispensaries etc. 2 2 4 ' 878 122 (xii) Others 8 8 20 , 828 tI72 140. An analysis of the 20 per cent sample house­ following results. The statement furnished hereunder b,olds by tenure status, wall and roof material and gives the taluk-wise distribution of households by number of persons and rooms per household gives the owned and rented ten~ status of dwellings. Statement 53 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 HOUSEHOLDS BETWEEN OWNED AND RENTED TENURE STATUS OF THEIR DWELLINGS BY TALUKS Total Rural Urban ;----"------. DistrictfTaluk Owned Rented Owned Rented Owned Rented Quilon District 933 67 949 51 703 297 KarunagapaUy taluk 976 2'4 976 24 Kottarakara 984 1$ 984 16 Kunnathur " 988 12, 988 12 Pathanamthitta " 948 52 948 52 Pathanapuram " 865 135 865 135 .QJ.rilon " 873 " 127 933 67 703 297 48 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS

141. In the rural areas of the district unburnt wall material in~the Karunagapally taluk while stone bricks is the principal wall material. The same position is the chief wall made material in the Pathanamthitta holds good in respect of the rural areas of Kottarakara, taluk. About 48 per cent of the total households in the Kunnathur, Pathanapuram and Quilon taluks. The urban areas of Quilon taluk has stone as the principal category of grass, leaves, reeds or bamboo is the principal wall materials. The following statement illustrates this. StateD1ent 54 TALUK-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF 'WALL OF THEIR DWELLINGS

Karunagapally Kottarakara Kunnathur Pathanamthitta Pathanapuram Quilon Quilon District taluk taluk taluk taluk taluk taluk ,..----A------, ,-'--. ,.-----A----. ,.-----A----. ,----J'---, ,----J'---, ,------J------. Material of wall Rural Urban Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Urbaa Grass, leaves, reeds or bamboo 133 177 314 35 61 237 61 92 177 Timber 42 85 74 12 31 97 10 24 85 Mud 211 5 32 301 291 264 323 80 5 Unburnt bricks 320 253 312 413 305 76 331 469 253 Burnt bricks 30 1 142 3 19 7 5 17 1 Stone 263 477 126 236 292 318 270 312 477 Cement concrete N N N 1 All other material 1 2 1 N 6 2 N-Negligible 142. The same households when analysed by predo­ leaves, thatchwood and bamboo. The subjoined state­ minant material of roof of their dwellings show that ment illustrates this. in all the taluks the chief material of roof is grass, StateD1ent 55 TALUK-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF OF THEIR DWELLINGS Karunagapally Kottarakara Kunnathur Pathanamthitta Pathanapuram Quilon Quilon District taluk taluk taluk taluk taluk taluk ~ ,----J'---, ,----J'---, ~ ~ ,----J'---, r-----A--...... Material of roof Rural Urban Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Urban Grass, leaves, reeds, thatch- wood or bamboo 832 608 894 882 842 815 772 791 608 Tiles, slate shingle 165 382 105 117 158 179 220 208 382 Co~gated iron, zinc or other metal sheets I N 1 3 N N Asbestos cement sheets 2 1 1 N 5 5 1 Concrete and stone slabs N 9 N N 9 N-Negligible 143. Large number of households, coming to 144. The number of persons per room and persons about 34 per cent, have two rooms followed by single per household in the district are 2.50 and 5.81 res­ room tenaments. The subjoined statement gives the pectively. The following statement gives the number distribution of, 1,000 sample households according to of persons per room and per household in the number of rooms occupied. district. StateDlent 56 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 CENSUS HOUSEHOLDS Statement 57 ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED NUMBER OF PERSONS PER ROOM AND PERSONS No. FivO PER HOUSEHOLD regu- rooms lar One Two Three Four and Number of persons Number of persons DistrictJTaluk room room rooms rooms rooms more per room per household Q;uilon District 19 313 336 190 69 73 ,-----.A.. ,---.A..___ "",\ Karunagapally taluk I 367 370 182 43 37 Number of rooms Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Kottarakara 28 242 326 241 86 77 Kunnathur " 20 439 296 153 45 47 Total 2.50 2.53 2.12 5.81 5.78 6.23 Pathanamthitta " 38 408 322 122 44 66 One room 5.02 5.02 5.00 5.02 5.02 5.00 Pathanapuram 36 341 361 149 57 56 Two rooms 2.91 2.90 3.02 5.81 5.80 6.04- Qrilon N 187 341 247 107 118 Three rooms 2.09 2.08 2 .17 6.27 6.25 6.51 " Four rooms 1.67 1.66 1.73 6.68 6.65 6.92 N-Negligible FIve rooms and more 1.17 1.18 1.12 7.16 7.10 7.52

49 10614198 A. GROWTH OF l'OPULATION

Growth or Population Statem.ent 60 145. During the period 1901 to 1961 Quilon district TALUK-WISE GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION has recorded the highest population increase among Decenma1 growth rate Percentage increase the districts of Kerala with 270.89 per cent. Dur­ Taluk 1951-61 since 1921 ing the same period the State has shown an increase Karunagapally +25.06 +103.02 of only 164.27 per cent. The increase in population Kottarakara +32.44 +204.69 in this district during the present decade (1951-61) Kunnathur +28.62 +154.69 is the highest among all the districts of the State with Pathanamthitta +32.38 +220.48 31.70 per cent. The following statement presents Pathanapuram +39.85 +221.39 the variation in population since the beginning of the Quilon +32.14 +165.07 century. 147. The population of the district is further classi­ Statement 58 fied by rural and urban areas. The growth of VARIATION IN POPULATiON population in the urban areas of the district, during the Percentage decade decade is negligible. This is due to the declassifi­ Census Year Population vanatlOn cation of a number of towns of 1951 into rural. The 1901 523,401 urban areas of the district in 1961 is constituted by three 1911 600,570 +14.74 towns, viz., Quilon, Kundara and Ki1ikollur. The 1921 712,206 +18.59 subjoined statement gives the growth of popula­ 1931 910,806 +27.89 tion' by rural urban classification. 1941 1,142,054 +25.39 1951 1,473,995 +29.07 1961 1,941,228 +31.70 Statement 61 The population growth of this district is compared GROWTH OF POPULATION BY RURAL-URBAN CLASSIFICATION with the adjacent districts in the following statement. Rural Urban Statement 59 r-,------~.------~ r---"--~ RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH COMPARED WITH Percentage Percentage decade decade ADJACENT DISTRICTS Census Year Number variation Number variation Rate of growth Average annual 1901 507,710 15,691 r-__;"'_ growth rate District 1901-61 1951-61 1901-61 1911 581,731 +14.58 18,839 +20.06 1921 670,872 +15.32 41,334 +119.41 Alleppey +170.99 +19.06 +2.85 1931 852,923 +27.14 57,883 +40.04 +264.49 Kottayam +30.52 +4.41 1941 1,062,086 +24.52 79,968 +38.15 Quilon +270.89 +31.70 +4.51 1951 1,330,560 +25.28 143,435 +79.37 Tirunelveli + 61.76 + 8.99 +1.03 1961 1,796,992 t35.06 144,236 + 0.56 Trivandrum +260.07 +31.38 +4.33 146. Among the taluks of the district Pathana- Population by 'ralulb \ puram taluk has recorded the highest popUlation 148. Qui10n taluk ac~ounts for 27 per cent of total growth during the decade with 39.85 followed by population of the district. Kunnathur is the least Kottarakara taluk with 32.44. The lowest population populous taluk. The taluk-wise distribution of popu- growth is recorded in the Karunagapally ta1uk lation is furnished in the statement given here- (25.06 per cent). Th e following statemen t illustra tes this. under. Statement 62 POPULATION BY TALUKS, 1961 Population Percentage distribution .A. r- District/Taluk Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Q.uilon District 1,941,228 972,657 968,571 100.00 100.00 100.00 Karunagapally taluk 265,187 1~3,OO4 132,183 13.66 13.67 13.65 Kottarakara " 331,361 165,528 165,833 17.07 17.02 17.12 Kunnathur " 238,043 118;877 119,166 12.26 12.22 12.30 Pathanamthitta " 333,310 167,540 165,770 17.17 17.22 17.11 "Pathanapuram " 247,737 124,649 123,088 12.76 12.82 12.71 Quilon " 525,590 263,059 262,531 27.08 27.05 27.11 50 l'OPULATION BY NATURAL REGIONS

Rural-urban Distribution of Population Statement 63 149. The total rural population of the district in 1961 DISTRIBUTION OF 10,000 POPULATION BY RURAL­ comes to 12.52 per cent of the State rural population. URBAN CLAssmCATION The percentage of urban population of the district Rural Urban has shown steady increase from 1901 to 1951. In ,...---__,.A__ __ ~ No. of No. of No. of No. of 1961 the urban population has decreased owing to the persons to persons to persons to perSOI_S to declassification of a number of towns int<) rural. The 10,000 total 10,000 rural 10,000 total 1O,JOO "rban population population population popul.. don subjoined statement presents the distribution of 10,000 Census of the of the of the of the population by rural-urban classification. Year district State dIstrict State 1901 9,700 855 300 345 1911 9,686 878 314 359 1921 9,420 942 580 607 1931 9,364 993 636 632 1941 9,300 1,080 700 669 1951 9,027 1,135 973 786 1961 9,257 1,252 743 565 150. The rural-urban distribution of population on a taluk-wise basis is furnished below. Statement 64

DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL-URBAN POPULATION BY TALUKS

Rural Urban ,- Percentage Percentage .. Percentage Percentage of rural of rural of urban of urban population population population population to total to total Number to total to total rural rural urban urban ~ population population Rural population population of the of the ofth,. District/Taluk villages Towns PopUlation of the district State Population district State Q.uilOD District 98 3 1,796,992 100.00 12.52 144,236 100.00 !it 65 Karunagapally taluk 11 265,187 14.76 1.85 Kottarakara 18 " 331,361 18.44 2.31 J}unnathur 16 238,043 13.25 1.66 Pathanamthitta " 19 " 333,310 18.55 2.32 Pathanapuram \, 16 247,737 13.78 1. 72 Qj.illon 18 3 381,354 \ " 21.22 2.66 144,236 100.00 5.65

PopUlation by Natural Regions of the district live in the midland region. The sub­ 151. The 'population of. this district is well dis­ joined statement furnishes the actual popUlation and tributed among the three natural regions viz., highland, their percentages in the different regions of the district midland and, lowlapd. Majority of the population by taluks.

Statement 65 POPULATION BY NATURAL REGIONS Highland ,... Midland Lowland District/Taluk Actual r-----"----"'" Percentage Actual Percentage Actual Percentage- Q.uilOD District 373,125 100.00 979,199 100.00 588,904 100.00 Karunagapally taluk 20,937 2.14 244,250 41.48 Kottarakara 331,361 33.84 Kunnathur " 31,252 8.38 206,791 21.12 Pathanamthitta 184,855 49.54 148,455 15.16 Pathanapuram " 157,018 42.08 90,719 9.26 Qpilon " It - - 180,936 18.48 58.52 51 10614198A. POPULATION DENSITY B.Y NATURAL REGIONS

152. The taluk-wise distribution of population by The succeeding paragraphs gIve a detailed analysis of natual regions and by rural-urban classification IS population densities in rural and urban areas seperately. furnished l n .he statement given hereunder. A-Rural Areas Statem.ent 66 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY NATURAL REGIONS (i) Highland Region AND BY RURAL-URBAN CLASSIFICATION 155. There are altogether 22 villages in the high­ Hlghland* Midland Lowland land region of the district. Of these only 4 villages r----A.----, r-_____.A..----, ,-~ have a density of population of less than 750 persons District/Taluk Rural Rural Urban Rural Urban per sq. mile. They are Kulathupuzha (87), Arienkavu QuiIon District 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 (139) and Edamon (235) villages of Pathana pur am taluk Karunagapally taluk 2.18 52.46 and Piravanthur (369) village of Pathanamthitta taluk. Kottarakara 34.58 The highest population density is recorded in Punalur Kunnathur 8.38 21.58 Pathanamthitta 49.54 15.19 village of the Pathanapuram taluk with 2,432 persons Pathanapuram 42.08 9.47 per sq. mile. The statement given hereunder shows Quilon 16.70 100.00 47.54 100.00 " the classification of rural highland villages by density *No urban area ranges. Statem.ent 69 Population Density CLASSIFICATION OF RURAL HIGHLAND Vll.LAGES 153. The population dwsity of this district has BY DENSITY RANGES shown an increase from 286 perwns per sq. mile in Number of revenue 1901 to 1,062 in 1961. Among the taluks of the district Density range per sq. mile villages (Rural) Quilon taluk has recorded the maximum density of Total 22 population with 3,580 persons per sq.mile cloEely fellow­ Less than 250 persons 3 ed by Karunagapally ta1uk with 3,404. The taluk­ 250-499 500-749 wise density of population for the 12.st five censuses is 750-999 4 given b..elow. 1,000 and above" 14 StattDient 67 POPULATION DENSITY BY TALUKS, 1921-61 eii) Midland Region

District/Taluk 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 156. All the 56 villages in the midland region of the Quilon District 390 498 625 807 1,062 district have a density of population of above 1,000. The Karunagapally taluk 1,677 2,041 2,313 2,722 3,404 lowest density of population is recorded in Chithara Kottarakara 511 646 882 1,175 1,556 village of Kottat:akara taluk with 1,088 persons per " 621 778 961 1,229 1,581 Kunnathur " sq. mile. Seven vWages cro~s the density of2,500 persons Pathanamthltta 136 187 260 330 437 per sq. mile. They are Mallappuzhasseri (2,680) Pathanapuram " 162 220 261 372 520 QUllon " 1,351 1,701 2,088 2,710 3,580 and Pathanamthitta (2,.5_44) villages of Pathanam... " thitta taluk i Adoor (2,529)' village of Kunnathur taluk; \ 154. The density of population is comparatively Mynagapally (2,751) village of Karunagapally taluk; high il1J he lowle.nd region of the district. The follow­ Kottankara (2,897) and Thrikkovilvattom (2,990) ing statement pre-sen t3 the taluk-wise population villages of Quilon taluk ,and Kottarakara (2,924) demity by natund regiom. village of KGttarakara taluk. The following state­ Statem.ent 68 ment gives the distribution of population density. POPULATION DENSITY BY NATURAL REGIONS Statem.ent 70 Hlgh- land* l\ridland Lo\\land CiASSIFICATION OF RURAL MIDLAND Vll.LAGES ,-"----. ,-____..A.. ___""'" ,.---_--"-__""'" BY DENSITY RANGES Distnct/Taluk Rural Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Number of revenue Quilon District 325 1,811 1,786 4,860 4,277 3,666 11,588 Density ranges per sq. mile villages (Rural) Karunagapally taluk 2,755 2,755 3,474 3,474 I" Total 56 Kottarakara 1,556 1,556 Less'than 1,000 KunI1athur 930 1,767 1,767 1, oo'o':_ 1,499 12 Pathanamthitta 266 2,199 2,199 1,500-1,91)9 25 Pathanapuram " 374 1,60B 1,608 !,O00-2,499 12 Quilon " 2,279 2,130 4,860 5,114 3,90411,588 2,500-2,999 7 *No urban area 3,000 and above 52 (iii) Lowland Region Statement 73 157. Of the 20 lowland villages in the rural areas SEX-RATIO, 1901-61 of the disttict only two villages have a population density of less than 2,000. They are Thekkumbhagom Census Year Total Rural Urban village (1,668) of Karunagapally taluk ap-d Munro 1901 987 988 938 Island (1,481) village of Quilon taluk. The density 1911 988 989 952 of three villages, viz. Thazhava (2,524) and Thodiyur 1921 978 981 926 (2,706) villages ofKarunagapally taluk and ThIikkaruva 1931 998 1,002 941 1941 (2,305) village of Quilon taluk, ranges between 1,00:; 1,009 953 1951 994 999 944 2,000 and 3,000. The highest population density 1961 996 999 951 is recorded in Vadakkevila "illage of Quilon taluk with 8,100 persons per sq.mile followed by Eravi­ 160. All the taluks of the district in 1961 except puram (6,807) and Quilon (6,523) "illages of the same Kottarakara and Kunnathur have more males than taluk. The subjoined statement presents the classi­ females. The subjoined statement gives a comparative fication of lowland villages by densi ty ranges. study of sex-ratio at the taluk level for 1951 and 1961.

StateJtlent 71 StateIllent 74 CLASSIFICAT10N OF LOWLAND VILLAGES TALUK-WISE SEX-RATIO FOR 1951 AND 1961 BY BY DENSITY RANGES RURAL·URBAN CLASSIFICATION Number of revenue 1951 1961 Density ranges per sq. mde Villages (Rural) r--~ Taluk Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total 20 Less than 1,000 Karunagapally 997 1,000 959 994 994 1,000-1,999 2 Kottarakara 998 1,001 914 1,002 1,002 - 2,000-2,999 3 Kunnathur 1,009 1,011 983 1,002 1,002 3,000 and above 15 Pathanamthitta 974 975 952 989 989 Pathanapuram 980 984 957 987 987 B-Urban Al"eas Quilon 1,002 1,017 930 998 1,016 951 158. There are three towns in the district. All these towns lie in the Quilon taluk. Quilon Municipal 161. The sex-ratio may be further analysed by Town has the maximum population density with 14,424 natural regions. Oompared to lowland and highland persons per sq. mile. The following statement illustrates regions sex-ratio is highest in the midland region of this. all the taluks except Karunagapally taluk. The follow­ ing statement illustrates this. " Statement 72 Statement 75 POPULATION DiNSITY Of TOWNS BY NATURAL REGIONS SEX-RATIO BY NATURAL REGIONS Midland Lowland High- land· MIdland Lo\dand Number of Number of ,..--A--., r-----"------. r--~ persons persons Dlstrict/Taluk Rural Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Town per sq. mile Town per sq. mile Quilon District 973 1,006 1,007 950 993 1,004 952 Kundara 4,860 Kllikollur 7,453 Karunagapally ta1uk 980 980 995 995 Qui10n 14,424 Kottarakara 1,002 1,002 Kunnathur 994 1,004 1,004 Sex-ratio Pathanamthitta 966 1,019 1,019 " 159. Sex-ratio (number of females per 1,000 males) Pathanapuram 977 1,005 1,005 " 1,010 1,01B recorded in the last seven censuses have shown flu­ QUllon " 950 992 1,015 952 ctuations. In all the censuses except in 1941 there is *No urban area preponderance of males over females in the district. In 1961 the sex-ratio is recorded as 996 females per 162. Sex-ratio may further be analysed at the 1,000 males. The following statement gives the village level for rural areas and at the town level for sex-ratio for the last se\en ccnsw;es. urban areas.

53 10614198A. SIlX-um #' • ~'f

A-Rural A:reas B-U.. ban Al"eas (i) Highland Region 166. Quilon Municipal town has the lowest sex­ 163. Out of the 22 villages in the highland region ratio with 945 females per 1,000 males. The sub­ of the district only seven villages have more females joined statement gives the sex-ratio by towm. than males. They are Pazhavangadi, (1,002) and Statement 76 Angadi (1,004) villages of Pathanamthitta taluk; SEX-RATIO OF TOWNS BY NATURAL REGIONS Angadickal (1,013) village of Kunnathur taluk and Midland Lm\land ,... ..A-___ ----., Anchal (1,010), Pidavoor (1,014), Yeroor (1,020) and r-----~J-_------~ Karavalloor (1,028) villages of Pathanapuram taluk. Tov.n Sex-ratio Town Sex-ratio The lowest sex-ra tio is recorded in the Arienkavu village Kundara 950 QUilon 945 with 908 females per 1,000 males. Klhkollllr 973 167. Sex-ratio is highest in the age-group 15-19 (it) Midland Region with 1,073 females per 1,000 male5 while the ]o\\,est 164. 19 villages out of 56 villages in the midland figure (931) pertains to the age-group 35-39. The region of the district have more males than females. following statement gives the sex-ratio under different They are Pathanamthitta (994) village of Pathanam­ age-groups. thitta taluk; West Ka.llada (982), Pallickal (986), Statement 77 Sasthamcotta (987), Poruvazhi (990), Sooranad South SEX-RATIO BY AGE-GROUPS (990) and Sooranad North (996) villages of Kunnathur Sex-ratio taluk; Mynagapally (980) v;illage of Karunagapally Age/ Age-group Age/Age-group Sex-ratio taluk; Mulavana (965), Kottarakara (995) and Under 1 year 988 20-24 1,070 1 969 25-29 1,067 Adichanalloor (995) villages of Quilon taluk; Ezhu­ 2 965 30-34 983 k.qne (967), Chithara (974), Melila (986), Veliyam 3 981 35-39 931 4- 975 40-44 953 (989), Pavithreswaram (993) and Thrippilazhikom 5 972 45-49 942 (993) villages of Kottarakara taluk and Vilakudi 6 968 50-54 970 7 1,001 55-59 969 (986) and Edamulackal (995) villages of Pathanapuram 8 942 60-64 989 taluk. Poothakulam (1,099) village of Quilon taluk 9 1,002 65-69 [,013 10-14 980 70+ 1,058 has the maximlm number of females per 1,000 males. [5-19 1,073 168. In all the taluks except Karunagapally, Kot­ (iii) Lowland Region tarakara and Quilon sex-ratio is highest in the category 165. Of the 20 villages in the lowland region of the of uOll-workers. The c"tegory of household industry district half the number of villages have preponderance of Karunagapally and, Quilon taluks have highest of males over females. The lowest sex-ratio is recorded number of females per 1,000 males than any other in Munro Island village (941) of Quilon taluk while category of wOlkers. In ~ottarakara taluk the highest the highest is in Paravoor (1,073) village of the same sex-ratio is in the industdal categories of worker;s III taluk. manufacturing other thaq. household industry. The following statement illustrates this. Statement 78 SEX-RATIO BY INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATIONS Worken r--- Non- DistrictJTaluk Total I· II· III· IV· V· VI· VII· VIII· IX'" worker. Q.ui1on District 418 183 438 157 2,342 1,316 16 64 16 295 1,483 Karunagapally taluk 538 161 350 14 4,776 1,068 5 71 4- 196 1,364- Kottarakara 403 153 387 ' 109 428 2,529 12 27 46 383 1,519 " 461 343 Kunnathur " 682 \ 164 1,[40 1,466 8 73 13 348 1,512 Pathanamthit.a 208 123 500 332 585 32 19 39 17 337 1,659 Pathanapuram " 344 190 522 534 620 710 53 56 44 340 1,553 Qui[on " 524 9 " 126 141 18 2,115 1,373 79 10 265 1,370 I"r-As Cultivator Il*-As Agricultural Labourer lll"-ln Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Fotutry, Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, .Orchards and allied activiti~ IV·-At Household Industry V*-In Manufacturing other than Household Industry VI.-In Construction Vn·-In Trade and Commerce VIII.-In Transport, Storage and Communication& IX*-In Other Servic~

54 MARITAL 1'U'1'U8

169. Sex-ratio is further analysed by major religions. Statement 80 Sex-ratio is highest among Christians. The subjoined DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY BROAD statement gives the sex-ratio by major re1igions. AGE-GROUPS

State:ment 79 Category Age-group Percentage SEX-RATIO BY MAJOR RELIGIO~S Infants and young chIldren 0·4 15.4 Religion Sex-ratio Boys and girls 5·14 28.6 Young men and women 15-34- Christians 1,004 30.9 Middle-aged men and women 35-54- Hindus 998 17.2 Elderlv persons .'i5 and above 7 9 Muslims 967 Among the elderly persons there are 44 centenarians. Age. During the period of enumeration the oldest man was 170. The population of the di~trict may be broadly aged 120 years. classified into five categories, viz., 'infants and young children' 'boys and girls' 'young men and women' 171. The following statement gives the percentage 'middle-aged men and women' and 'elderly persons'. of age-groups by males to total males and of females to The following 5tat~ment presents the percentage under tota I females for total, rural and urban areas of the each ca.tegory to the total population of the district. district. State:meot 81 PERCENTAGE OF MALES AND FEMALES TO TOTAL MALES AND FEMALES IN THE DISTRICT

Total Rural Urban ,-___---A.. __-----., .A.___ ------, ,- r----~-----~ Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Agel of males to offemales to of males to of females to ofmaIes to of females to Age-group total males total females total males total females total males total females

Under 2.94 2.92 2.96 2.93 2.64 2.78 3.16 3.08 3.19 3.09 2.79 2.90 2 3.40 3.30 3.42 3.30 3.23 3.21 3 3.05 3.00 3.06 3.00 2.89 3.02 4 3.07 3,00 3.08 3.02 2.87 2.76 5-9 15.28 14.97 15.37 15.02 14.21 14.44 10,14 13.57 13.35 13.61 13.35 13.07 13.39 15-19 8.31 8.96 8.24 8.90 9.11 9.64 20-24 8.10 8.70 7.99 8.66 9.36 9.15 25-29,. 7.3..J. 7.87 7.29 7.85 7.97 8.02 30-34 6.28 6 19 6.25 6.17 6.63 6.47 35-39 6.17 5.76 6.12 5.75 6.73 5.95 40-44 4.19 4.01 4.16 4.01 4.60 4.06 45-49 4.26 4.02 4.25 4.02 4.32 4.04 50-54 3.03 2.95 3.03 2.96 3.06 2.86 55-59 2.69 2 62 2 71 2.63 2.45 2.47 60-64 1.94 1.93 1.96 1.93 1.68 1.91 65-69 1.32 1.35 1.36 1.36 0.95 1.18 70+ 1.88 2.00 1.93 2.03 1.42 1. 74 Age not stated 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 N 0.01

N-Negligihle

Marital Status The proportions of widowed and divorced or separated 172. 63 per cent of total males and 53 per cent of males are less than the corresponding proportions for total females are returned as 'never married persons'. females. The subjoined statement illustrates this.

55 106\4198 A LITERACY AND J!l){)CATION

Statement 82 Statement 83 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 PERSONS OF EACH SEX BY DISTRIB1.JTION OF POPULATION BY REUGIONS MARITAL STATUS

Marital status Total Rural Urban Number Percentage distribution I MALES 1,000 1,000 1,000 Religion r-----....A---~ ,.------A---, Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Never married 634 633 650 Buddhist. 5 4 1 N N N ii Marfled 344 344 333 ChnstIans 472,005 -J,36,781 35,224 24.32 24.31 24.42 iii Widowed 16 17 13 1,243,925 l,l59,649 6408 64.53 58.43 IV Divorced or separated 6 6 4 Hindu" 84,276 v Unspecified N N N Jains 22 1 21 N N 0.02 MuslIms 224,813 200,102 24,711 11.58 II 14 17.13 II FEMALES 1,000 1,000 1,000 Sikhs 26 23 3 N X N Never married 534 534 541 ReligIon not ii Married 356 357 347 stated 432 432 0_02 0.02 iii Wldowed 85 84 94 iv Divorced or separated 25 25 18 N-Negligible v Unspecified N N N-Negligible 174. In the rural areas of all the taluks of the district Religion Hindus form the major religion. The perccnt(lgc of 173. The numerically important leligions of the Chri,uans is largest in Pathanamthitta taluk while district are Hil duism, Christianity <':lld Islam. Hindus the largest proportion of Muslims is in Karunagapally constitute 64 per cent of the total population. The taluk. Taluk-wise distribution of IUral population statement given hereunder shows the distribution of by religions with 1 per cent or more of the population population by religions as per the 1961 Census. is given in the following statement. Statement 84 REUGIONS BY POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS BY TALUKS

Christians Hinduli Mushms ---. r- ,-----A-- Percentage to Percentage ---to Percentage to Distnct/Taluk (Rural only) Number rural population Number rural population Number rural population Q.uilon District 436,781 24.31 1,159,649 64.53 200,102 11.14 Karunagapally taluk 26,525 10.00 189,395 71.42 49,265 18.58 Kottarakara 67,499 20.37 227,337 68.61 36,524 11.02 Kunnathur 61,559 25_86 160,191 67.30 16,169 6.79 Pathanamthitta 151,780 45.54 169,957 50.99 11,404 3.42 Pathanapuram 67,761 27.35 145,513 58.74 34,316 13.85 QIilon 61,657 16.17 267,256 70.08 52,424 13.75 Lite~'acy and Education lowest in Kunnathur tal\lk. Among the taluks of . 175. Thc genera.1 literacy rale of the district has the district the highest literacy rate is recorded in the increased from 45.44 per cent in 1951 to 50.51 per Pathanamthitta taluk with 58.36 per cent. The cent in 1961. The difference in the literacy rates of following statement gives the taluk-wise growth of 195-1 and 1961 is highest in Karunagapally taluk and literacy for the dt'cade 1951-61. Statement 85 GROWTH OF LITERACY, 1951-61 Proportion of Percentage of literates to I iterates to total Total hterate~ total population literates In ,- ,- -, Dlfference the district. District/Taluk 1951 1961 1951 1961 (1951-61) 1961

Q.aUon DistrIct 669,795 ~98O,460 45.44 50.51 +5.07 100.00 Karunagapally taluk 86,916 130,947' 40.99 49.38 +8.39 13.36 Kottarakara " 109,866 157,680· 43.91 47.59 +3.68 16.08 Kunnathur .. 83,790 108,738 45.27 45.68 +0.41 11.09 PathanaDlthitta 139,407 194,527 55.37 58.36 +2.99 19.84 Pathanapuram " " 69,373 109,754- 39.16 44.30 +5.14 11.19 QUlon " 180,44-3 278,814 45.36 53.05 +7.69 28.44 56 LITERACY AND EDUCATroN

176. During the present decade (1951-61) general increase. Among the taluks of the dIstrict female male literacy rates have shown an increase in all the literacy is highest in Pathanamthitta taluk with 53.66 taluks except Kunnathur. Karunagapally taluk has per cent. The following statement presents the taluk­ recorded the maximum difference in the percentage of wise growth of male and female percentages of literacy.

State:ment 86 GROWTH OF LITERACY BY SEX, 1951-61 ProportIOn of literates to total literates in the Male .Female Percentage of Percentage of Difference district under literates literate5 male literacy female literacy (1951-61) each sex, 1961 ,---.A..------, r---"-_____"" ,.------"-----, ,----"----., ,----"----., ,-____....______Male Female Male Female DistrictfTaluk 1951 1961 1951 1961 1951 1961 1951 1961 literates literates literates literates

Q.ailOD District 402,583 562,044 267,212 418,416 54.46 57.78 36.37 43.20 +3.32 +6.83 100.00 100·00

Karunagapally taluk; 53,721 77,150 33,195 53,797 50.59 58.01 31.36 40.70 +7.42 +9.34 13.73 12.86 Kottarakara 67,818 91,903 42,048 65,777 54.16 55.52 33.65 39.66 +1.36 +6.01 16.35 15.72 " Kunnathur 49,886 46,438 54.15 52.41 36.48 38.97 -1.74 +2.49 11 08 11.10 " 62,300 33,904 Pathanamthitta 88,457 61.74 63.31 48.83 53.36 +1.57 +4.53 18.87 21.14 " 78,758 106,070 60,649 Pathanapuram 42,419 63,738 26,954 46,016 47.41 51.13 30.75 37.38 +3.72 +6.63 11.34 If:OO " Qti.lon 109,981 117,931 55.36 61.16 35.39 44.92 +5.80 +9.53 28.63 28.18 " 160,883 70,462

177. The percentages of literacy of the district for in the total area will be the same as in rural area. The 1961 was 49. 94 for rural areas and 57. 55 for urban subjoined statement illustrates this. areas. Where there is no urban area, the trend found

State:ment 87 RURAL-URBAN LITERACY BY SEX. 1961

Percentage of literates to the Percentage of male literates Percentage of female lIterates total population to the total male population to the total female population ,-___A______.., ,- ,-_____----A--- ______District/Taluk' " Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural \.J roan

QuilOD District 49.94 57.5.5 57.21 64 77 42.67 49 97 Karunagapally taluk +9 38 58.01 40.70 Kottarakara 47.59 55.52 " 39.66 Kunnathur 52.41 " 45.68 38.97 Pathanamthitta 58.36 63.31 " 53.36 Pathanapuram 44.30 51.13 " 37.38 QJ.lllon 51.34 57.55 59.75 04.77 " 43.07 49.97

The following paragraphs give a more detailed areas of the district. Of these only 9 villages have a analysis of general literacy by rural and urban areas. literacy rate of above 60 per cent. The subjoined statement presents the rural villages classified by literacy .A.-Rural Areas percentages. 178. There are altogether 98 villages in the rural

57 Statem.ent 88 RURAL VILLAGES CLASSIFIED BY PERCENTAGES OF LITERACY

Number of vIllages under percentage ranges of literacy

Less than 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 per cent District/Taluk by natural regiolJl 20 per cent per cent per cent per cent per cent and above

Q,uiloa District 1 9 38 41 1 KarunagapaUy taluk 8 3 2 Kottarakara 3 7 8 3 Kunnatbur " 4 6 6 4 Pathanam.thltta " 10 9 " 5 PathanapurlUll. 1 2 12 1 " 5 13 6 Q,ui1on " HIGHLAND Quilon District 2 6 11 2 1 Kunnathur taluk 2 2 Pathanamthitta 8 2 3 Pathanapuram " 2 6 " ii MIDLAND Qjillon District 7 23 19 7 1 Karunagapally taluk 1 2 Kottarakara 3 7 8 3 Kunnathur " 4 6 4 4 Pathanamthitta " 2 7 " 6 5 Pathanapuram " 6 Quilon 3 5 " iii LoWLAND Qpilon District 9 11 1 Karunagapally taluk 7 3 2 8 2 Q!.tilon " 179. As stated above nine villages cross the literacy literacypercentageoflessthan 40 per cent. The follow­ mark of 60 per cent and above. All these villages lie ing statement furnishes the names of such vi:Hages. in the Pathanamthitta taluk. The names of these high Statemeat 90 literacy villages are given below. LOW LITERACY VILLAGES Statement 89 Percentage of HIGH LITERACY VILLAGES ViJlage literacy Percentage of I Arienkavu (Pathanapuram taluk) 28.76 Village literacy 2 Poruvazhi (Kunna.tllUr ) 31.91 1 Cherukole 65.68 3 Edamon (Pathanapuram ) 36.15 2 Mallapuzha~eri 64.99 4 Sooranad South (Kunnathur ,,) 36.39 3 Elanthoor 63.60 5 Pallickal ( " ) 37.80 4 Pazhavangadi 63.30 6 Chithara (Kottarakara ,,) 38.27 5 Ranni 62.50 7 Chadayamangalam ( ) 38.28 6 Omalloor 62 10 8 Vehnallur ( ) 38.76 7 Chenneerkara 61.45 9 Kulathupuzha (Pathanapuram ) 39.52 8 Naranganam 61.25 10 Sasthamcotta (Kunnathur " ) 39.93 9 Angadl 60.36 181. Out of about 8.99 lakhs of males in rural areas 180. Arienkavu village of Pathanapuram taluk of the district above 3 .85lakhs are illiterates. Majority has the lowest percentage of literacy in the district of the villages have percentages of literacy of above 50 with 28.76. Altogether there are IO villages with a per cent. The subjoined statement illustrates this.

58 ~ AlfD IIDUCATION

StateIDent 91 RURAL VILLAGES CLASSIFIED BY PERCENTAGES OF MALE LITERACY

Number of villages under percentage ranges of male literacy

Less than 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 per cent District/Taluk by natural regions 20 per cent per cent per cent per cent per cent and above qallOD District 2 12 50 34: 1 Karunagapally taluk 8 3 2 Kottarakara 3 10 5 3 KUDIIathar " 1 4 10 1 4 Pathanam.thitta " 3 16 " 1 5 1 5 Pathanapuram. " 9 6 Q.uilon " 10 8 HIGHLAND Quilon District .J: 8 9 1 Kunnathur taluk 1 I 2 Pathanamthitta 3 7 " 3 Pathanapuram " 4 4 I ii MIDLAND Quilon District 8 29 18 1 Karunagapally taluk 1 2 Kottarakara. 3 10 5 " 4 3 Kunnathur " 9 4 Pathanamthitta " 9 5 Pathanapuram " 5 6 Quilon " 4 4 iii LOWLAND Qpilon District 13 7 1 Karunagapally taluk 7 3 :2 Quilon " 6 4- 182. The above statement reveals that only 34 Percentage of villages have a literacy percentage of above 60 per cent. Village literacy Thenames of these villages along with the percentages 28 PooyappaUy (Kottarakara taluk ) 61.26 of literacy are furnished below. 29 Krishnapuram (Karunagapally ) 61.11 30 Kulakada (Kottarakara " ) 60.72 31 Kalluvathukkal (Quilon " ) 60.47 Sta~eIDent 92 32 Iravom (Pathanamthitta ",- ) 60.38 mGH MALE LITERACY VILLAGES 33 Malayalapuzha ) 60.31 Percentage of 34 AngadickaI (Kunnathur" " ) 60.11 mait' " VIllage literacy 183. Only 14 villages out of 98 villages have a 1 Cherukole (Pathanamthitta taluk ) 69.39 male literacy rate of less than 50 per cent. The 2 Mallapuzhasserl ( ) 68.37 3 Ranni '. ( " ) 67.63 statement given hereunder presents the names of 4 Pazhavangadi ( " .,) 67 25 these villages. 5 Elanthoor ( " ,,) 67.18 6696 6 Chenneerkilra ( " ,,) Statement 93 7 Omal'oor' ( " ,,) 65.96 8 Theldrumbhagom (Karunagapally " ) 65.28 LOW MALE LITERACY VILLAGES 9 East Kallada (Quilon " ) 65.04 10 Naranganam (Pathanamthitta " ) 64.99 64.98 Percentage or II Munro Island (Quilon " ) male 64.51 12 Angadl (Palhanamthitta " ) Village literacy 13 Mulavana (Quilon " ) 64 00 14 Ezhukone (Kottarakara ,,) 63.90 1 Anenkavu (Pathanapuram taluk ) 35.59 15 Mayyanad (Quilon ,. ) 63.81 2 Poruvazhi (Kunnathur ) 38.08 16 Vallicode (Pathanamthitta " ) 63.74 3 Edamon (Pathanapuram " ) 43.42 17 Pramadam ( " ,,) 63.47 4 Sooranad South (Kunnathur " ) 43.73 18 Thrippilazhikom (Kottarakara ,,) 63.40 . 5 Palackal ( " ) 45.30 19 Meenadu 63.29 6 Velinallur (Kottarakara" " ) 46.20 20 Karunagapally >~~~agapally :: ~ 62.76 7 Kulathupuzha (Pathanapuram " ) 46.24- 21 Kottarakara (Kottarakara ,,) 62.45 8 Karavalloor ( " ) 46.64 22 Chethekkal (Pathanamthitta " ) 62.30 9 Chadayamangalam (Kottarakara" " ) 46.98 .23 Poothakulam (Quilon " ) 62.11 10 Chithara ( " ) 47.36 24 Pathanamthitta (Pathanamthitta " ) 62.07 11 Sasthamcotta (Kunnathur" " ) 47.61 25 Thrikkadavoor (Quilon " ) 62.02 12 Arakkal (Pathanapuram " ) 48.13 26 '"Vadasserikara (Pathanamthitta " ) 61.89 13 Anchal ( " ) 49.03 (Pathanapuram ) 61.53 14- Sooranad North ( " " 27 Pidavoor " ) 49.44- 59 LITERACY AND EDUCATION

184. Out of 8.98 lakhs offemales in the rural areas following statement presents the rural villages classi­ -of this district about 5. 15 lakhs are illiterates. The fied by percentages of female literacy.

Statement 94 RURAL VILLAGES CLASSIFIED BY PERCENTAGES OF FEMALE LITERACY

Number of villages under percentage ranges of female literacy

District/Taluk 10 10-14 15-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 per cent by natural regions per cent per cent per cent per cent per cent pel.' cent per cent ana abova

Q.uilon District 6 31 42 16 3 1 Karunagapally tal1lk r; 4 1 1 Kottarakanl ,. 2 5 10 1 2 6 8 3 Kunuathur " 4 PathalUUDtbitta" 6 10 3 5 Pathanapuram ,. 2 10 4 6 quilon " 4 10 4

HIGHLAND Q,illon District 2 5 10 5 1 Kunnathur taluk 2 2 Pathanamthitta 5 5 " 2 5 3 3 Pathanapuram " 11 MIDLAND Quilon District 4 19 22 8 3 1 Karunagapally taluk 2 Kottarakara 2 5 10 " 2 6 6 3 Kunnathur " 4 Pathanamthitta 1 5 3 5 Pathanapuram " 5 1 " 3 3 2 6 Quilon " III LOWLAND Quilon District 7 10 3 1 Karunagapally taluk 6 3 1 2 Quilon " 7 2

185. There are only three villages in the district 186. Six villages of this district have female per­ which cross the female literacy mark of above 60 per centage of literacy of less than 30 per cent. Following cent. All these viUages lie in the midland region of are those villages. Pathanamthitta taluk. The statement given hereunder shows the names of such villages in the descending Statement 96 order of percentages of literacy. LOW FEMALE LITERACY VILLAGES Percentage of Statement 95 Village literacy lUG" FEMALE LITERACY VILLAGES 1 Arienkavu (Pathanapuram taluk 21.25 Percentage of 2 Poruvazhi (Kunnathur 25.67 litera(.y " Village 3 Edamon (Pathanapuram 28.49 " Cherukole 62.03 4- Chithara (Kottarakara 28.95 Sooranad North (Kunnathur 2 Mallapuzhasseri 61.79 5 " 28.tn 3 Elanthoor 60.17 6 Chadayamangalam (Kottarakara " 29.82 60 LANGUAGES

B-Urban Areas with 59.03. The subjoined statement gives the per­ 187. Among the towns of the district Quilon Muni­ centage of literacy of towns by natural regions. cipal town has the maximum percentage of literacy

Statement 97

URBAN LITERACY

Midland Lowland r------______-A ______, Percentage of lIteracy Percentage of literacy fawn Total Male Female Town Total Male Female Kundara 58 64 65.17 51.16 KllIkolJur 52 70 62.76 42.36 Quilon 59 03 65 38 52.30

Litel'acy by Age, Sex and Education Languages (a) Illitel'ates 191. Malayalam is the predominallt language of 188. There are 960,768 illiterate, in this dbtrict the district. The names of the first ten numerically of whom 410,613 are males. importan t languages of the district are furnished below. Statement 100 (b) Literates 189. The population in the age-group 0-4 has to be PRINCIPAL LANGUAGES excluded from the total population for calculating the Mother tongue Total speaker& 'effective rate of literacy'. According to this the effective literacy rate of this district is 59.74. The 1 Malayalam 1,902,335 following statement furnishes the number of literates 2 TamIl 31,718 by educational levels and effective rates of literacy. 3 Konkani 1,870 4 Telugu 1,761 Statement 98 5 Engli'h 1,285 U',l'ERATES BY EDUCATIONAL LEVELS AND EFFECTIVE 6 Hilldi 577 RATE OF UTERACY 7 Urdu 414 Percentage Effective 8 Tulu 390 \ to total rate of Educarionallevel Persons literates litera(.y 9 Kannada 247 10 Gujarati 165 Tota :literates, 980,460 100.00 59.74 Literate (without educational Birth Place level) 674,502 68.80 41.10 192. More than 99 per cent of the total population Primary or Junior Ba~ic 249,155 25.41 15 18 of the district were born within the Sta te of E.numeration: Matriculation and above 56,803 5.79 3.46 Persons belonging to all the States of India except th~ 190; The following statement furnishes the effective union territories of Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi rates of literacy for mal~s and females. Islands, ManipUl, Tripura, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, N.E.F.A. and Nagaland and the teuitOlY of Sikkim Statement 99 were returned during the enumeration of tbis district. The foreign nationals who have been enumerated in EFFECTIVE RATES OF LITERACY BY SEX this district were born at Aden, Australia, Burma, Effective rate Effective rate Ceylon, CHna, Denmark, France, Germany (West), of male of female Educational level literacy literacy Greece, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jamaic3, Kenya, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, Tota1literates 68.48 51.00 Malaya and British Borneo, United Arab Republic, Uterates (without educational level) 45.98 36.21 U.S.A., Union of South Africa and Virgin Island. .Primary or Junior Basic 17.68 12.69 The following statement gives the number of persons Matriculation and above 4.82jj::.2.10 born within and outside the State.

61 WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS

Statem.ent 101 including family workers who are not in receipt of any income or working children who cannot earn enough PLACE OF BIRTH work for their maintenance are also reckoned as workers. Urban Place of Birth Total Rural Work includes not only actual work but also effective I Within the State of enu- supervision and direction of work. In the 1951 Census meration population was divided into eight livelihood classes. {a) Born within Quilon In this census instead of the eight livelihood classes of district 1,814,249 1,689,101 125,148 1951 workers are grouped under nine industrial cate­ (b) Born in other districts of the State 108,774 94,671 14,103 gories as follows. II States in India beyond I Working as Cultivator the State of enumera­ 4,413 tion 15,149 10,736 II Working as Agricultural Labourer III Born in countries in III Working in Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Asia beyond India Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, (including U.S.S.R.) 1,268 920 348 IV Countries in Europe 01 chards and allied activities (excluding U.S.S.R.) 218 159 59 IV Working at Household Industry 37 17 V Countries in Mrica 54 V Working in Manufacturing other than House­ VI Countries in North America and South hold Industry America 89 20 69 VI WOlking in Construction 9 8 1 VII Countries in Oceania VII Working in Trade and Commerce VIII Born at Sea VIII WOlking in Transport, Storage and Communi- IX Unclassifiable 1,418 :,340 78 cations and Wo:rke:rs and Non-wo:rkers IX Working in Other Services 193. In the earlier Indian Censuses, or atleast, at the last few Censuses, income or economic independence 194. 32.52 per cent of the total population of the was recognised as the criterion for measuring the district constitute workers. Of these 10.32 per cent economy of the country. Account was made of all of the total popula tion of the district are engaged in persons who were economically dependent. An in­ cultivation, 4.47 per cent in agricultural labour, termediate category of economic semi-dependence was 1 .98 per cent in mining, quarrying, live-stock, also introduced from 1931 Census onwards. This forestry, fishing, hunting and plantations, orchards category was called 'working dependent' in 1931, and allied activities, 2.87 per cent in household in­ 'partly dependent' in 1941 and 'earning dependent' dustry, 5.53 per centin manufacturing other than house­ in 1951 and even here an element of income was in­ hold industry, 0.29 per cent in construction, 1.49 per­ troduced. It was felt that the strict application of the cent in trade and (/ommerce, 0.70 per cent in transport, criterion of income or economic independence sup­ storage and communica:tions and 4.87 per cent il;t pressed those who worked in family economic activities other services. Among' the districts of Kerala the but did not actually earn an income like men other percentage of cultivators to total population is highest than the head of the household and women of the family in this district. The following statement gives the or children working at cultivation or cottage industries distribution of every thousand persons in a tal uk into of the household. In the 1961 Census, therefore, workers and non-workers by sex. stress has been laid on work so that all people who work Statem.ent 102 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 PERSONS IN EACH TALUK INTO WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS BY SEX

Workers Non-workers Females District/Taluk Persons Males Females Persons Males ""i 675 542 808 Quilon District 325 ~ 192 757 Karunagapally taluk 346 448 243 654 552 537 8He Kottarakara 325 463 186 675 " 515 777 Kunnathur 354 485 223 646 539 903 Pathanamthitta " 280 461 97 720 " 532 837 Pathanapuram 316 468 163 684 " 335 439 231 665 561 769 Quilon " 62 DISTRmUTION OF WORKERS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Workers per cent are cultivators. The su bjoined statement 195. More than 6lakhs of the total population of the presents the distribution of workers by industrial cate­ district are returned as workers. Of these about 32 gories and sex.

Statement 103 DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES AND SEX

Number Percentage distribution Industrial category of workers Persoru. Males Females Persons Males Females

Total workers 631,350 445,188 186,162 100.00 100.00 100.00 I As Cultivator 200,403 169,413 30,990 3l. 74 38.05 16.65 II As Agricultural Labourer 86,694 60,272 26,422 13.73 13.54 14.19 III In Mming, Quarrying, Live-Stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, Orchards and allied activities 38,500 33,286 5,214 6.10 7.48 2.80 IV At Household Industry 55,629 16,645 38,984 8.81 3.74 20.94 V In Manufacturing other than Household Industry 107,320 46,342 60,978 17.00 10.41 32.76 VI In Construction 5,732 5,639 93 0.91 1.27 0.05 VII In Trade and Commerce 28,934 27,183 1,751 4.58 6.10 0.94 VIII In Transport, Storage and Communications 13,607 13,395 212 2.16 3.01 0.11 IX In Other Services 94,531 73,013 21,518 14.97 16.40 11.56

196. The industrial category of workers may be More than half of the workers are engaged in the broadly classified into three sectors. They are primary sector. The subjoined statement gives the i Primary sector-Industrial categories ofl,II and III distribution of 1,000 workers by sex in primary, secon­ ii Secondary sector-Industrial categories IV, dary and tertiary sectors of the district. V and VI iii Tertiary sector-Industrial categories of VII, vIn and IX.

Statement 104 DIS1-RIBUTION OF 1,000 WORKERS IN EACH TALUK BY SECTORS OF INDUSTRY AND SEX

Primary Secondary Tertiary -, District/Taluk Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

Q.uilOD District 516 591 336 267 154 538 217 255 126 KarunagapalIy taluk 381 507 145 364 149 766 255 344 89 Kottarakara 617 714 376 224 " 111 504 159 175 120 Kunnathur 734 757 684 133 86 234 133 157 82 Pathanamthitta " 697 " 701 680 73 78 48 230 221 272 Pathanapuram 681 690 657 135 112 202 184 198 141 Quilon " 250 " 345 68 -«i9 292 807 281 363 125 Kunnathur taluk has the largest number of workers 197. Large percentage of workers in all the in­ in the primary sector followed by Pathanamthitta and dustrial categories except in the industrial category Pathanapuram taluks. Quilon taluk tops the list in of cultivators are in the age-group 15-34. 46 per cent regard to the high percentage of workers in the second­ of the cultivators are in the age-group 35-59. The ary and tertiary sectors.

63 DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

following statement gives the distribution of workers in each industrial category by broad age-groups.

Statement 105 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 WORKERS IN EACH INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY BY BROAD AGE-GROUPS

Age-group

Workers Total 0-14 15-34 35-59 60+ Age not stated

Total workers 1,000 18 504 406 72 N I As Cultivators 1,000 5 386 460 14-9 N II As Agricultural Labourers 1,000 10 529 4{)9 52 N III In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, Orchards and allied activities 1,000 11 499 451 39 N IV At Household Industry 1,000 57 507 388 48 N V In Manufacturing other than House- hold Industry 1,000 18 659 305 18 N VI In Construction 1,000 3 533 1,16 48 VII In Trade and Commerce 1,000 5 504 449 -4-2 N VIII In Transport, Storage and Com- munications 1,000 5 526 448 21 N IX In Other Services 1,000 40 551 374- 35 N

N-Negligible

198. Among the industrial categories of the district category of other services. The following statement cultivators are high in all the ag&groups except in the furnishes the distribution of 1,000 workers in eacA age-group 0-14. In the age-group 0-14 largest per­ age-group by industrial categories. centage of workers are engaged in the industrial

Statement 106 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 WORKERS IN EACH AGE-GROUP BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Age-group

Industrial category of workers 0-14 15-34- 35-59 60+ Age not stated

Total workers 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,800 1,000 I As Cultivators 88 243 360 657 167 II As Agricultural Labourers 74 144- 138 99 121 III In Mining, Quarrying, ~ve-stock, Forestry, Fish0g, Hunting and Plantations, Orchards and allied activities 37 60 68 33 34 IV At Household Industry 280 89 84 58 80 V In Manufacturing other than Household Industry 168 222 128 -4-2 259 VI In Construction 10 9 6 VII In Trade and Commerce 11 46 51 27 75 VIII In Transport, Storage and Communications 6 22 24- 6 11 IX In 'Other Services 335 164- 138 72 251

199. The same position as in the case of total workers following statement illustrates this. holds good in respect of male workers also. The

64 DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS BY INDUSTRIAL OATEGORIES

StateDlent 107 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 MALE WORKERS IN EACH AGE-GROUP BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Age-group Industrial category of worker. 0-14 15-34 35-59 60+ Age not stated Total male workers 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 I As Cul(Jvators 169 312 401 689 219 II As Agricultural Labourer, 113 151 128 87 130 III Tn Mining, Quarrying, L,ve-stock, Forestry, Fislllng, Hunting and Plantations, Orchards and allied actn itIes 80 75 82 37 43 IV At Household Industly 129 37 37 35 41 \- In lI"fanufacturing other thall Household Indmtry 5') 123 97 40 163 VI In ConstructIOn 3 14 12 7 VII In Trade and Commelce 26 66 62 28 98 VIII In Transport, Storage and CommuUlcation, 15 33 32 7 1G IX In Oth!'r Servlces 410 189 149 70 284

200. In the age~glOups 35-59 and 60 and above the while in the age-group 15-39 42 per cent female worken, percentages of female cultivators are higher when belong to the industrial category of manufacturing compared to other i.ndustrial categories. 38 per cent of other than house-hold industry. The suhjoined state­ the total femde workers under the age-group 0-14 are ment presents the distribution of 1,000 female ;,vorkers engaged in theindustrial category 01 hOH;c hold indllstry in each age-group by industrial categories Statement 108 nISTRlBUTION OF 1,000 FEMALE WORKERS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Age-g\oup

Indmtual categOlY of workers 0-14- 15-34 35-59 60+- Age not stated Total female workers 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 I As Cultivators 33 104 241 503 39 II As Agricultural Labourers 47 130 168 157 9[1 III In M1ll1llg, Quart ying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Huntmg, and Plantations, Orchards and allied activitie~ 7 30 28 13 IV At H6usehold Industry 384 194 221 172 176 V In Manufacturmg other than Household Industry 245 423 216 54 4C)0 VI In Construction N I ::\ VII In Trade' ~nd Commerce 1 5 17 21 20 VIII In Transport, Storage and CommunicatIOll; N I :\f IX In Other Services 283 113 107 80 177 N-Negligible 201. About 93 per cent of the total workers of the areas of the district and each taluk by indusu'ial caw.- district ii,-e ill the rural

Statement no DISTRIBU110N OF Itooo WORKERS IN TOWNS BY INDUSTIUAL CATEGORIES

Industrial categories

Tow. Total I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX

Kilikollur 1,000 54 27 22 90 4-93 9 81 37 187 Kundara 1,000 187 62 35 21 420 5 48 17 205 Qrilon (Municipal) 1,000 7 3 91 26 236 19 145 91 382

203. 64 per cent of the male cultivators of this cent. 36.5 per centoffemales engaged in the industrial district are literates but without any educational category of workers engaged in transport, storage qualification while more than half of the female culti­ and communications have attained an educational vators are illiterates. Majority of agricultural labourers qualification of 'matriculation and above'. The state­ are also returned as illiterates. Among females this ment given hereunder shows the distribution of workers percentage of illiterates even goes up to about 87 per in rural areas under each sex by educational levels..

Statemea.t III DISTRmUTION OF 1,000 MALE AND Itooo FEMALE WORKERS IN EACH INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY IN RURAL AREAS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVELS

EducattonalleveIs Literate (without Primary or Matriculation Total Illiterate educational level) Junior Basic and above Industrial categOl Y Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females

Total workers ltOOO 1,000 282 640 544 278 129 57 45 ti

& Cultivators 1,000 1,000 207 532 640 376 129 86 24- 6 As Agricultural Labourers 1,000 1,000 581 868 363 118 35 14 In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, -Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, Orchards and allied activities 1,000 1,000 375 823 ... 97 1'>5 100 17 28 5 At Household Industry 1,000 1,000 282 637 571 307 139 55 8 1 In Manufacturing other than Household Industry 1,000 1,000 217 629 598 322 159 48 26 1 In Construction 1,000 1,000 193 623 598 153 110 12 99 212 In Trade and Commerce 1,000 1,000 178 708 593 263 189 25 40 4 In Transport, Storage and Communications 1,000 1,000 232 431 508 138 168 66 92 365 In Other Services 1,000 1,000 245 476 425 197 165 112 165 215

204. The following statement sets out the distri- urban areas of the district by educational levels hution of 1,000 male and 1,000 female workers in the

66 DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS BY OCCUPATIONAL DIVISION.

Statement 112 DISTRiBunON OF 1,000 MALE AND 1,000 FEMALE WORKERS IN EACH INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY IN URBAN AREAS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Total I II III IV V VI VII VIn IX Educational level .. Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,001 1 Illiterate 235 575 190 495 640 896 )+3 629 263 641 164 614 172 750 137 643 223 226 238 46! 2 Literate (wIthout educational level) 467 288 600 405 315 91 369 323 533 296 545 335 494 491 272 411 97 418 187 3 Primary or Junior Basic 171 63 164 95 45 13 19 16 175 59 185 48 226 125 247 40 19') 161 151 94- -t- Matriculation or Higher Secondary 89 50 34 5 8 16 24 4 83 2 78 125 106 25 123 452 118 175 5 Technical diploma not equal to degree 8;; 5 N 16 N 31 H> 18 6 Non-technical diploma not equal to degree 2 5 2 N N 3 7 7 University degree or post-graduate degree other than technical degree \8 6 4- 16 3 12 N 2 H 17 35:2' , 8 Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or pO'!t-gra- duate degree Total 11 11 2 N 6 12 5 20 61c 27 ~ (i) Engineering 2 3 II 3 (ii) Medicine I N 2 :I (iii) Agriculture N I (iv) Veterinary and Dairying N ~ (v) Technology N N (vi) Teaching 2. 6 N N ~ 64 7 21 (vii) Others 6 4 N 3 5 20 14 19 N-Negligible

205. 58 per cent of the workers e~luding CUltI­ not elsewhere classified. A detailed classificatioll of vators and agricultural lahourers are returned as workers into occupational divisiom along with their craftsmen, production pro('es~ workers and lahourers total number and sex-wise distribution i~ given below.

StatelDeot 113 WORKERS EXCLUDING CULTIVATORS AND AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS BY OCCUPATIONAL DIVISIONS Workers Percentage dIStribution ,.....------A------.." Occupational Divisions Persons Males Females Persons Males Females All Divisions 344,253 215,503 128,750 100.00 100 00 100.00

1 Professional, techmcal and related workers 23,557 16,705 6,852 6.84 7.75 ~.3% 2 Administrative, executive and managerIal workers 13,546 12,978 568 3.93 6.02 0.44 3 Clerical and related worker. 9,613 9,087 526 2.79 4.22 0.41 4 Sales workers 25,541 23,831 1,710 7.42 11.06 1.55 5 Farmers, fishermen, hunter., logger. and related workers 33,168 27,990 5,178 9.63 12.99 •• 02 6 Miners, quarrymen and related workers 2,716 2,627 89 0.79 1.22 0.07 7 Workers in transport and communication occupations 9,388 9,319 69 2.73 4.32 0.05 8 Craftsmen, production process workers and labourers not elsewhere classified 199,856 95,271 104,585j; 58.06 44.21 8loiS 9 Service, sport and recreation workers 26,120 16,960 9,160 7.59 7.87 7.12 10 Workers not elsewhere classifiable by occupation 748 735 13 0.22 0.34 0.01

10614198 A. G7 Non-workers ~06. The non-working population of this district non-workers are in the age-group 0-14. The follow­ comes to 11.62 per cent of the total non-workers of the ing statement shows the distribution of non-worken State. Of the 13 lakhs non-workers of the district by age-groups. about 8 lakhs are females. 64 per cent of the total

lStatement 114 DISTRIBUTION OF NON-WORKERS BY AGE-GROUPS AND SEX

Non-,vorken Distribution ----"- r- -. Age-group Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

All ages 1,309,878 527,469 782,409 1,000 1,000 1,000 0-14 843,662 427,890 415,772 644 811 531 15-34 280,872 79,336 201,536 214 150 258 35-59 129,287 7,746 121,541 99 15 155 60+ 55,817 12,423 43,394 43 24 !l6 Age not stated 240 74 166 N N N N-Negliglble

207. Among the non-working population 38.5 sand persons in the district are either seeking employ­ per cent are 'dependents/_infants and disabled persons'. men t for the first time or unemployed but seeking work. They are followed by 'full-time studen ts' with 35.6 per The following statement shows the distribution of 1,000 {'rnt. In the rural areas their proportion is much higher non-workers by type of activity in total, rural and when compared to urban areas. 18 out of every thou- urban areas.

Statement 115 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 TOTAL, MALE AND FEMALE NON-WORKERS IN THE DISTRICT BY TYPE OF ACTIVITY AND BY RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

Total Rural. Urban

Type of activity Persons Males Females Persons Males FeIlUlles Persons Males Females

Total Don-workers 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1.000 Full-time students 356 490 265 356 492 265 348 469 264 ii Household duties 234 391 233 - 390 236 400 iii Dependents, infants and

V!\ Persons seeking employment for the fil"lt time 15 28 6 14 27 6 26 49 9 v.iU Employed before but now out of employment and seeking work 3 7 3 6 N 8 17 2 N-Neghgible 208. In the rural areas of the district there are unemployed persons are in the age-group 15-34. The '20,821 unemployed persons The largest following statement presents the taluk-wise figures of number of unemployed persons are in Quilon taluk unemployed persons by age-groups for rural areas. followed hy Karunagapally taluk. Majority of

68 Statement 116 UNEMPLOYED PERSONS IN RURAL AREAS

Penons seeking employment for the Employed before but now out of employment first time and seekmg work DistrictfTaluk (Rural areas) Total 0-14- 15-34 35-59 60+ Total 0-14 15-34 35-59 60+ QIDiIon District 17,434 321 16,774 335 4 3,387 12 1,980 1,294 101 Karunagapally taluk 2,980 34 2,832 114 1.306 650 616 40 Kottarakara 2,535 79 2,441 15 161 3 129 27 2 Kunnathur " 1,818 1,796 22 104- 82 22 Pathanamthitta 3,029 19 3,001 9 190 3 160 25 2 Pathanapuram " 40 " 1,859 1,805 14 244 163 76 4 Quilon 5,213 149 4,899 161 4 1,382 5 796 528 53 209. In the rural areas only about 8 per cent of educational qualification of 'matriculation and above' the unemployed persons aged 15 and above are illi­ The following statement illustrates this. terates while ab~ut 52 per cent have attained an

Statement 117 PERSONS UNEMPLOYED AGED 15 AND ABOVE BY SEX AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN RURAL A.K.l';A&

Unemployed persons aged 15 and above Percentage distribution

Educational level Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Total 20,488 15,826 4,662 100.00 100.00 100.00 Illiterates 1,585 1,391 194 7.74 8.79 4.16 Literates (without educational level) 4,893 4,641 252 23.88 29.33 5.41 Primary or Junipr Basic 3,421 3,082 339 16.70 19.47 7.27 Matriculation and above 10,589 6,712 3,877 51.68 42,41 83.16 210. Of the 3,339 unemployed persons aged 15 persons aged 15 years and above in the urban areas of years and above in the urban areas of the district 2,524 the district seeking employment (whether for the first persons are seeking employment for the first time. time or not) by sex and educational levels. The subjoined statemen t gives the number 9f unemployed I Statement 118 PERSONS ~LOYED AGED 15 AND ABOVE BY SEX AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN URBAN AREAS

Persons employed before Seeking employment for the but now out of employment Total unemployed first time and seekmg work , Educational levels Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Total 3,339 2,677 662 2,524 1,967 557 815 710 105 I Illiterate 308 240 68 166 136 30 142 104 38 2 Literate (without educatidnallevel) 1,048 976 72 667 623 44 381 353 28 3 Primary or junior basic 772 701 71 588 524 64 184- 177 7 4 Matriculation or higher secondary 1,089 692 397 997 623 374 92 69 23 5 Technical diploma not equal to degree 36 19 17 31 16 IS 5 3 2 6 Non-technical diploma not equal to degree 7 7 5 5 2 2 7 University degree or post-graduate degree other than technical degree 38 28 10 34 25 9 4 3 8 Techmcal degree or diploma equal to degree or post-graduate degree Total 41 21 20 36 20 16 5 4 (i) Engineering (Ii) Medicine (iii) Agriculture (iv) Veterinary and dairying (v) Technology (vi) Teaching 1 1 1 1 (vii) Others 40 21 19 36 20 16 4 3 69 10614198A. HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC DATA

Household Economic Data 5 Production of ganja, cinchona, opium, poppy, 211. Up to and inclusive of the census of 1951 the saffron etc. economic tables were confined to the population as 6 Production of other plantation crops not covered such and did not extend to household units. But in above (under this category cardamom has been the 1961 Census certain items of economic data relat· included as a plantation crop) ing to the households as such were collected in addition to the economic data pertaining to each individual of 212. Household industry was defined as an industry the household. The data thus collected in respect not on the scale of registered factory conducted by the of households related to household cultivation and house­ head of the household himself and/or mainly by the hold industry. The household cultivation for this members of the household at home or within the village purpose was defined to cover plots or parcels of land in rural areas and only at home in urban areas. The which are cultivated by the household itself, i.e. lands particulars given in the following paragraphs are based which lie within the village or in an adjacent village on the data tabulated from a 20 pel cent sample of or within such a distance as to enable the household to homehold schedules. work on the land or actively supervise its cultivation. If, however, the head of the household insisted that 213. Majority of households are engaged in house­ he wa~ cultivating the land situated at a di~tance from hold cultivation only. This phenomenon holds good his household, his statement was accepted and such in respect of rural areas also while in regard to urban land also was treated a~ coming within the scope of areas 83 per cent of the total sample households are household cultivation. Cultivation for purposes of engaged neIther in household cultivation nor in house­ the above definition was taken to involve ploughing, hold industry. The statement given hereunder illu­ sowing and harvesting and comists of the production strates this. of cereal crops (including Bengal gram) such1as rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, root~ and tuber~ like potato, Statement 119 yam, beet, sugarcane etc., production of pulses such as DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS AMONG arhar, moong, mazur, urd, khesari, other grams; pro­ (i) ENGAGED NEITHER IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION duction of raw jute, raw cotton and kindred fib,e crops. NOR IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY; (ii) ENGAGED EITHEIl IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION OR IN HOUSEHOLD It does not include the following. INDUSTRY BUT NOT IN BOTH AND (iii) ENGAGED BOTII IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION AND HOUSEHOLD A-Other Field Produces INDUSTRY IN THE DISTRICT 1 Production of other crops including vegetables not covered by the above items Total Rural Urban 2 Production of fruits and nuts in plantations, vines and orchards (like cocoanut, areca-nut, cashew­ Total saIDple houseJaolds 1,000 1,000 1,~ nut etc.) Households engaged neither in house- -3 Production of wood, bamboo, cane, reeds, that­ hold cultivatIOn nor in household ching grass industry 348 313 830 Households engaged III household 4 Production of juice by tapping palms cultivation only 585 616 150

5 Production of other agricultural produces (in­ Households engaged III household cluding fruits and nuts not covered by 81. No.2 industry only 40 42 17 and flowers) not covered above. Households engaged both in house- hold cultIvation and household B-Plantation Crops Illdustry 27 29 3 1 Production of tea m plantation 2 Production of coffee m plantation 214. The proportion of households engaged neither in cultivation nor in household industry is higher in 3 Production of rubber III plantation Karunagapally and Quilon taluks. In all the other 4 Production of tobacco in plantation (does not taluks of the district the proportion of households include tobacco which is cultivated in rotation engaged in household cultivation is the highest. The with other cereal crops, in which case it would following statement show, the distribution of sample go under cultivation) households in each taluk by their broad classification.

70 HOlJSEHOLD ECONOMIC DATA

Statement 120 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL AREAS BY TALUKS OF THE DISTRICT (i) ENGAGED NEITHE& IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION NOR IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY (ii) ENGAGED EITHER IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION OR IN THE HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY BUT NOT IN BOTH AND (iii) ENGAGED BOTII IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION AND IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY

Karullagapally Kott.uakara Kunnathur Pathanamthitta Pathanapuram QUllon 'taluk taluk lalnk laluk taluk taluk

Total .. ample households 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Hou;chulds engaged neither in llOmehuld cultivation nor In household indu&try 415 191 160 222 272 360 Households engaged In hou.ehold culti\ atlOn only Jl~l 782 308 760 702 376 Household, engaged III homehold mdustl i only I~J 8 9 7 B 42 Households engaged both In household ClIlll- vation and m housebold ll1dmtry 83 19 23 11 18 22

215. An analysis of the distribution of household Statement 122 by the type of interest in the land cultivated shows. that PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS CULTIVATING in the district about 85 per cent of homeholds either LAND UNDER EACH TYPE OF INTEREST BY SIZE OF own or hold land from Government. The statement LAND CULTIVATED IN THE DISTRICT given hereunder shows the percentage distribution of Pel,,-ntage 01 household, cultivating land sample households engaged in household cultivatioe r------_-"- - Pal t1y held from in the dIstrict bi interest in land culti\Oated by them Helll frolll Government prl\ a.1t· and partly from Statement 121 person~ Ot pn' ate persons instltu lIons or inS tl tu tions O'\I'cd (ll for payment PERCENTAGE DISTRIDUTION OF SAMPLE HOUSE­ for payment Size of land held from in mOfWV, in money, HOLDS ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVA­ In acI'e<. Governm.. nt kmd {ll slure kmd or .hare TION IN THE DISTRICT CLASSIFIED BY All householdli 100,00 INTEREST IN LAND 100 00 100 00 Less tha n I acre 61.0G 65.29 31 72 Interest III land cultIvated Total Rural Urban 1. 0-- 2.4 acres 28.19 27.76 41.43 Total households 100.00 100.00 100,00 2.5- 4 9 8.02 5.30 19.81 50- 7 4 I. 78 1.00 Owned or beld f10m Government 84,78 84 69 90 26 " 4 19 7.5- 9 q 0.47 0.17 1.59 2 Held from private persons or in- 10.0-12 4 o 2:l 0.13 0.55 stitutions for payment in money, 12.5-14 9 0.07 0.09 0.30 kind or share j 59 5.63 3 29 15 0-29 9 0.09 0.17 0.28 3 Partly held from Government 30. O-·i'l .9 " 0.02 0.10 and partly from private persom 50 0+ 0.01 0.03 or mstitutions for payment in Umpeclhcd 0.07 0.09 money, kind or share 9,63 9 68 6.-i5 217. Among the total workers engaged in house­ 216. Among the hQuseholds in the district culti­ holds with household cultivation only 90.75 per cent are yating land owned or held from Government 61 per family workers while the rest are hired workers. 98.55 cent cultivate less than one acre of land only. The per cent of the total family workers and 94.33 per cen t percentage of households shows a declining trend with of hired workels in the above households live in lural the increasing slabs of size of land cultivated except in areas. Taking the workers engaged in both household slab 15.0-29.9 acres. The same position holds good cultivation and household industry 76.39 per cent in regard to households holding land from private workels are returned a, family workers while the rest persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or are hired worker&. In the rural areas of the district the share. Given belov.. is a statement ~howing the per­ percentages of family workers and hired workers in centage of sample households cultivating land under the ca tegory of households engaged in household culti­ each type of interest by size of land cultivated in the vation and hou~ehold industry are 99.32 an.-i 97.73 district. respectively.

71 1064198 A HOUSEHOLD ECONO~HC DATA

218. The percentage of hired workers to total cultivation only is 1. 49 persons against 2. 91 in the workers employed by the households engaged in house­ households engaged both in household cultivation and hold cultivatioI! only show an increasing trend with the household industry. The statement given hereunder increase in size of land cultivated except in respect of presents the average number of family and hired workers slabs 15.0-29.9 and l30. 0-49.9 acres. The average engaged in the types of households mentioned above. number of workers in households engaged in household

Statement 123 tH f'i UH~ it' P f; & IiF.iEiBU THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF FAMILY AND HIRED WORKERS AND THE PERCENTAGE OF HIRED WORKERS OUT OF THE TOTAL WORKERS ENGAGED BY THE SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION ONLY AND HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED BOTH IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION AND HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY

Households engaged in both household cultivation Households ~aged in household cultivation only and household industry --., -"------.. Average number of Percentage Average number of Percentage ,------"- -., of hired ,------__..Jo.______-., of hired Total Family Hired workers to Total Family Hired workers to Size of land in acces workers workers workers total workers workers workers workers total workers All sizes 1.49 1.35 0.14 9.25 2.91 2.22 0.69 23 61 Less than 1 1.28 1.24 0.04 2.93 2.77 2.22 0.55 19.93 1.0- 2.4 1.56 1.45 0.11 7.25 3.45 2.25 1.20 34.86 2.5- 4.9 2.06 1.59 0.47 22.76 3.77 2.04 1. 73 45.78 5.0-7.4 2.64 1.64 1.00 37.99 4.50 2 50 2 00 44.44 7.5- 9.9 2.68 1.59 1.09 40.79 3.25 2 50 0.75 23.08 10.0-12.4 2.92 1.58 I 34 45.76 12.5-14.9 3.85 1.55 2.30 59.74 15.0-29.9 4.27 1. 78 2.49 58.33 1.50 1.00 0.50 33.33 30.0-49 9 4.42 1.83 2.59 58.49 50.0+ 27.33 1.67 25.66 93.90 Unspecified 1.39 1.28 0.11 7.69

219. The number of households engaged in house­ 220. The largest percentage of household in all hold industry classified by the principal household the three categories of households given in the following industry in the district has been given in table B-XIV statement have 4 to 6 members each, while the lowest Part-B of this 'volume. The subjoined statement percentage are confined to single member households. presents the first ten ranks of household industries on The following statemelilt illustrates this. the basis of this table. Statem.ent 124 S~em.~n t 125 ,I I THE FIRST TEN RANKS OF HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRIES PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLE \HOUSEHOLDS CLASSlFIE~ IN THE DISTRICT BASED ON 20 PER CENT SAMPLE BY SIZE AND PARTICIPATION, IN HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLDS CULTIVATION OR IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY Rank Household Industry IN RURAL ARE,As ~F THE DISTRICT I Manufacture of coir and coir products I II Manufacture of materials from cork, bamboo, cane, \ Percentage of leaves and other allied products r------'-----'------_-" III Cotton-weaving in handlooms Households IV Manufacture of sundry hardwares, such as G. 1. pipe, engaged neither Households wire net, bolt, screw, bucket, cutlery Size of sample in household ,ehgag~ in Households hOUliehold cultivation nor hbusehold engagedih V Manufacture of cotton nets in household m,dustry househo4i VI Production of other food products such as sweetmeat industry qnly cultivation and condiments, muri, murki, chira, khoi, cocoa, chocolate, toffee, lozenge \ VII Manufacture of earthenware and earthen pottery Total 100.60 100,.00 100.00 VIII • Making of textile garments including raincoats al head gear, Single member Manufacture of jewellery, silverwares and war household 3.82 1.51 2.00 using gold and other precious metals \ 2-3 members 20.85 16.93 14.96 IX Manufacture of bidi 4-6 46.16 46.08, 46.50' X Production offruits and nuts in plantation, vines and " orchards 7-9 23.47· 27.98 29.43 Production of edIble fats and oils .(other tban ,10 members" and hydrogenated oil) over i.70 7.50 7.11 72 GAZETTEER

GAZETTEER Karunagapally Taluk (Area: 77.9 sq. miles, Thazhava population: 265,187) 225. Thazhava is an important centre of the screw­ 221. Karunagapally, the smallest t~11k in the pine industry. The Chettimoola public market is district is bounded on the north by Karth1gapally and held daily. The important articles that usually trans­ Mavelikkara taluks on the east by Kunnathur taluk, acted are tapioca, vegetables, coir, screw-pine mats etc. on the south by Quilon taluk and on the west by the Kottarakara Taluk (Area: 212.9 sq. miles, Arabian Sea. It is a fertile and thickly populated population 331,361) taluk. The' chief crops are cocoanut and paddy. The 226. Kottarakara taluk which lies entirely on the taluk is an important centre of coir and screw-p~e midland region is bounded on the north by Kunnathur industry. tal uk, on the east by Pathanapuram taluk, on the south Chavara by Nedumangad and Chirayinkil tal uk, and on the west 222. Situated about nine miles north of Qu.ilon, by Quilon taluk. Forests occur in the southern portion Chavara is the se~t of the mineral sands industry. of the taluk. Ithikkara and Kallada rivers flow through The important ipdustries located here are the this taluk. The important crops are tapioca, .coco­ Travancore Minerals Ltd. and F.X.P. Minerals anut, paddy, pepper and cashew. (Private) Ltd. The ~remo Pipe :actory is als~ si.tuated Kottarakara here. The KoilthPttam Port 1S located wlthln the 227. Kottarakara, the headquarters of the taJuk, Chavara panchayat limits. is historically an important place. It was once the Karunagapally seat of the Elayadathuswarupam, a collateral branch of the Venad Royal family. In 1734 Kottarakara was 223. Situated labout 15 miles north of Quilon captured by Marthanda Varma and he removed the municipal town, Karunagapally is the headquarters members of the Elayadathuswarupam to his own capital. of the taluk. It was formerly the seat of the Rajas The princess ofKottarakara was permitted to live either of Karunagapally! Patanayarkulangara which forms at Kottarakara or at Trivandrum as she pleased on part of Karunagapally was once an important military pension. But she managed to escape to Thekkumkur station of Kayamkulam Rajas. It is a place of some where she was received with great hospitality of the archaeological importance. The stone image, of then ruler. At this time the Dutch entered the scene Buddha which was recovered from the bank of a tank and helped the princess to re-capture the throne. locally known as P,allikalkulam at Maruthurkulangara Provoked by the action of the Dutch Marthanda is now pres«rved in front of the Taluk rDffiee. Re­ Varma collected a huge army and annexed the Elaya­ centlv it has been,declared as an ancient monument. dathuswarupam. After this battle the Travancore Two 'old mosques (Vadakke Palli and Thekke Palli) and forces attacked all the Dutch forts in Travancore and a temple dedicated to Lord Siva are located here. captured them, the last battle being the battle at Oachira Colachel in July 1741.' Kottarakara has a unique I position in the cultural map of Kerala State. The 224. Situated the Q,uilon-Alleppey National 01 Kottarakara Thampurp.n invented the art of Kathakali Highway and on th~ boundflry of Quilon district with in the form of Ramanattam and it flourished for a long Alleppey district, Oachir~ is an .i~portant pilgrim time under his patronage. Now it has become a famous centre. Here there is no temple bU1ldmg and all classes dance-drama with international reputation. The of people worship the presiding deity, the Par~b~ahma~. temples dedicated to Lord Ganapathi and Lord Siva The famous Oachirakali, the mock fight exhIbIted III are of great importance. The church belonging to the month of Mithunam, is believed to be in comme­ Mar Thomas is about seven hundred years old. Kotta­ moration of the battles fought on the spot by the rakara is an important place of cashew processing and Kayamkulam and Chempakas~ery ~ajas. Another ratten industries. festival held here is the Karthtka Vtlakku fro,rn 1st Vrischigom to the 12th'Vrisc#gom (i.e. Nove~ber­ Kunnathur Taluk (Area: 150.6 sq. miles, December). It is also known as Panthrandu Vtlakku. population 238,043) The festival is followed by a fair which attracts thousands 228. Kunnathur taluk is bounded on the north of people from all walks of life. Oachira is an by Mavelikkara and Pathanamthitta taluks, on the important centre of handicraft articles. least by Pathanamthitta and Pathanapuram taluks, 73 on the south by Pathanapuram, Kottarakara and constructed by the local public at this spot as a memorial Quilon taluks and on the west by Karunagapally tal uk. to the Dalawa. A sword is kept inside this memorial The eastern portion of this taluk is hilly and covered and a wick lamp is lit every day. This memorial was by forests. There are a number of rubber estates in opened on 28th Makaram 1128 (lOth February 1953) this region. The chief crops are tapioca, paddy, corresponding to the date of the year of the martyrdom. (;ocoanut and pepper. The schools and some other institutions are named after this great freedom-fighter. Adoor 229. Adoor, an important place on the Main Sasthamc:ottah Central Road, is the headquarters of Kunnathur taluk. 232. Sasthamcottah, a beauty-spot, twelve miles An important offices at the taluk level are located here. from Adoor lies on the bank of the Sasthamcottah The only Junior Technical School in the district is lake. The source of the Quilon water supply situated here. Here is an important temple dedicated scheme is from this fresh water lake. It has got an area to Lord Krishna besides a church and mosque. of 1.44 sq. miles with a maximum depth of 47 feet. It is surrounded by hills on the three sides and by an Enath earthen bund about a mile long in the eastern side. 230. About five miles south of Adoor, Enath is an It has got a total capacity of 950 million cubic feet. important place of processing of cashew. The ::handa~ The lake water is pumped into the filtration plant nakudam festival of the Kalamala mosque attracts supplied by the Indo-Norwegian Foundation. The thousands of devotees. filtered and sterilised water is conveyed through 28" diameter "Premo" pre-stressed concrete pipe to Quilon Mannadi town by gravity flow. Here is an ancient Sastha temple. 231. Situated about eight miles south-west of Adoor, The Travancore Devaswom Board proposes to Construct Mannadi is an historically important place. There a college here. are two temples here, one dedicated to Bhagavathy and the other to Devi. Adjacent to these temples is Pathanamthitta Taluk (Area: 762.8 sq. miles, located the once famous house of Chennamangalam population, 333,310) Pottis in which Velu Thampi, the gallant Dalawa of 233. Pathanamthitta, the largest taluk in the district, Travancor~, had attained martyrdom. The last scenes is bounded on the north by Kanjirappally and Peermade of the Dalawa's life was enacted here. "The Rajas taluks, on the east by Sankaranayinarkovil and Tenkasi' men under the 1eadership of Kariakkar Mallan Pillai taluks of Tirunelveli district, on the south by Pathana­ and a Subedar surrounded the place with a view to puram and Kunnathur !aluks and on the west by capturing the fallen Dalawa alive. But when. the house Mavelikkara, 9h.eng,4nnur, Thiruvalla and Cl(angana­ was broken in they could find only Velu Thampi's cherry taluks. It is~t~ed by Pamba and Achancoil corpse. The following story is told about the Dalwa's rivers. Much of ".the' tb.,luk 1.s under forests. T}1e tragic end. He decided to put an end to his life rather chief crops are rubber, tya, coffee, tapioca, cocoanut\ than fall into the hands of the enemy, and he ordered paddy and pepper. his brother to kill him. As the latter refused to commit \ fra-tricide, the Dalawa himself plunged the dagger into Konni his bosom and attempted suicide. Fearing that the 234. Situated 18 mile~ north of Punalur, Konni 'Self-inflicted wound might not prove fatal he called stands on the bank of Ach¥coil river and commands to his brother who was by his side to complete the work. enchanting views of hills and\valleys c.overed with thick This time the brother responded to the call and severed vegetation. Elephants trapped from the reserve forests the head of the Dalawa from the body with one stroke are tamed here. There are number of pepper and , ~ \ of the sword. Velu Thampi's body was removed from dQve farms here. Nhnnadi to Trivandrum where it was exposed on a common gibbet. His brother was taken captivt ~o Kozhenc:herry Quilon'and hanged in the presence of the 12th Regi~en t 235. Kozhencherry, a growmg trade centre and .drawn out to witness the execution. Ths Dala'1a's a flourishing rparket, is situated about eight miles from house was raged to the ground and his relatives were Pathanamthitt'a, on the left bank of the Pamba river. ;;ransported to Maldives". A one-foom concrete It contains a I fine church: A religious convention, 1;Juilding known as Velu Thampi Smaraka Kalari has been known as MaramOll Convention, he~d every yeal' on the dry river-bed at Maramon (in Mallapuzhassery an important pilgrim centre on the left bank of the village) in the month of Kumbhom (February-March) A'Chancoil river. The Sastha temple here is believed attracts large number of Christians. It is tile biggest to have been founded by Lord Parasurama to guard religious congregation of Christians . in Asia.,. The Iiis newly created country (Kerala). On either side St. Thomas College,"_ Kozhencherry IS an Important of Sastha is seated, according to belief, His two wives viz. Purna and Pushkala. Women are prohibited to institution, here. enter the Nalambalam of the temple. Located in the Manjanikara midst bf dense forests it is accessible through the Achan­ 236. Situated in Chennirkara village of PatRanam­ coil Pass by a good motorable road. There are two thitta taluk, Manjanikara has the famous Mar Ignatius important festivals here. One is in the month of Dhanu Dayara church. This church attracts thousands \of (December-January). The notable feature of this festi­ pilgrims belonging to certain sections of the Jacobit~ val is the Therottam (Car festival). Another important Syrian Christians as it contains the sepulchre of Mar fes tival known as the Pushpabhishekam (offering of flowers) Ignatius Elias III, Patriarch of Antioch who visited takes place in the month of Makaram (January-Febru­ Kerala in February' 1932. ary). In no other temples in South India flowers are so abundantly offered to the deity as here. The ,other Moozhiyar shrines adjacent to the main temple are the Karuppan­ 237. Situated in'the midst ofdense forests Moozhiyar coil an Ammankavu. Near Mekkara, on the way to If" An is now coming up as a great centre 0 actIVIty. Achancoil and on the summit cf the Sahyadri is located important Power I;Iouse is being installed here which the Kottavasal. Here Karuppaswami, the chief guard of has six numbers bf 50,000 kw. generators. Lord Sastha, protects the fort and the Achancoil pass. Pathanamthitta Anchal 238. Pathanamthitta is the headquarters of Patha­ 242. Situated at the 4th mile on the Ayur-Kulathu­ namthitta taluk. I The Catholicate college located puzha road, Anchal is famous for its cattle fair held here is an importarlt institution of its kind in the district. twice a month. The Mudi festival of the Bhagavathi There are a num'btr of public offices here. temple which is conducted once in every 12 years \ attracts a huge gathering. Ranni 239. Situated 32 miles north-west of Punalur, Rjlnni Arienkavu is a flourishing centre of trade particularly of' hill 243. Situated 49 miles east of Quilon, Arienkavu produces. On a rock overhanging the Pamba river from very early times was an important trade route is located arl old church belonging to Kniyana Syrian for the merchants from either side of the Western Ghats. Christians. In addition to this there are a number of By the opening of Tirunelveli-Quilon Railway in 1904, which passes almost by the side of the traditional ttade public offices here.l route, Arienkavu rose to further importance. The I Pathanapuram TaIuk: (Area: 476. 3 sq. miles, railway here passes through a tunnel nearly half a populati~n: 2417,737) mile long. The mountain scenery here is very im­ 240. Pathanapuram, the south-eastern taluk of the pressive and enchanting. Arienkavu is also the seat of another famous Sastha temple. It attracts district, is bounded Ion the I north by Kunnathur and Pathanamthitta taluks, on the.east by Tenkasi, Shen-, large number of devotees during the Mandala Pooja cottah and Ambasamudram ~aluks of Tirunelveli district, and the Trikalyanam in December. The temple has an on the south by Nedumangad taluk and on the west by underground passage below the Nalambalam leading to Kottarakara and Kunnathur taluks. It is watered Indala Appancoil and it is believed that till recently by Kallada and Achancoil rivers and its tributaries. the priest used to go to the above shrine and offer A large portion of this taluk is under reserve forests. poojas during the Mandala Pooja festivcll. About three There are a number o£ estates here, chiefly tea and miles from Arienkavu is a heavy waterfall known as rubber. Other import~nt crops are tapioca, paddy Palaruvi at an altitude of 300 feet. and pepper. Kulathupuzha Ac:hancoil 244. Situated on the 40th mile of Trivandrum­ 241. Situated about 27 miles from Arienkavu Shencottah road and six miles from Thenmala rail­ (via. Shencottah alld Achancoil Pass), Achancoil is way station, Kulathupuzha is famous for its Sastha 75 temple. The temple is located Oll the right bank of being the Punalur Paper Mills, the Travancore Ply­ Kulathupuzha river ~\ hich is a tributary of me Kallada wood Industries and the Midland Fruits and Vegetable river. On this river, very near to the temple, is found Products Ltd. The Paper Mills, started in the neigh­ a particular species of fish locally known as Eatta& bourhood in the eighties of the last century, has now It is believed that these fishes are supposed to be of grown into an important industrial unit. The Plywood divine nature and the pilgrims offer them rice and Industries produce tea chests and panels. The other articles. The most important festival of this Suspension Bridge built here over the Kallada river in temple is the Vishu Mohotsava in the month of Medom. 1879 is still an attraction for visitors. The temple Besides this temple there are three mosques also. recently dedicated to Lord Ayyappa at Sasthankonam attracts huge gatherings during the festival occasions. Kunnikkode Besides these, there are the ancient temples dedicated 245. Situated 5 miles west of Punalur, Kunnikode to Lord Krishna, Lord Siva and Goddess Saraswathi. is an important place in the Pathanapuram tal uk. In addition to these there are two Roman Catholic The main attraction here is the Pachzlakunnu, where a Churches. The Meteorological Observatory here collects muslim saint is said to have breathed his last. For the data on wind, temperature and rainfall and it is the merr:ory of tpi~ a palo tree is planted on this small only institution of its kind in the district. There are a hillock. There are three temples, three mosque~ and number of Government offices and commercial es­ a church here. tablishments here. Punalur is an important railway station on the Trivandrum-Madras Railway line. Pathanapuram The chief articles of export here are the hill produces, 246. Situated 8 miles north-west of Punalur, Patha­ pine-apple, paper products, plywood and timber. napuram is an important centre of commercial activity. Its importance was further increased by the opening Thenmala of the Muttathukadavu bridge which connects Patha­ 249. Thenmala, the meeting point of Quilon _ napuram with Kunnikkode. The Mount Tabor Train­ Shencottah road and Trivandrum-Shencottah road, is ing College is an important institution of its kind in the situated 41 miles east of Quilon. It is the headquarters di;trict. There is an important mos>que here. The of the Thenmala Forest Division. Timber of all kinds Challdanakudam Mnhotsava of this mosque held in the 1S exported from here by raIl and road to all parts of the morith of Kumbhom attracts thousands of devotee,. country. Parappattu, about a mile south of Then­ mala, is the proposed dam-site of the Kallada River Pattazhi Valley Scheme. 247. Situated 20 mile~ north-west of Punalur, Q.uilon Taluk (Area: 146.8 sq. miles, Pattazhi is the seat cf an ancient temple dedicated to population: 525,590) Bhagavathi. The important festival here is known as the Mudi. The Pattazhi Copper Scroll dated Kallam 250. Quilon taluk is bounded on the north by \ Era 971 (1796 A.D.) is of :>ome historical importance. Karunagapally and Kunn'lthur taluks, on the east by 'The inscription relates to the Prayaschitha or expiation Kottarakara taluk, on the south by Chirayinkil taluk in the form of a monetary fine of hundred Rasis which and on the west by the Arabian Sea. The taluk is well the Karakkar connected with the Bhagavathi temple served by backwaters and is the seat of several industries. were forced to pay at the instance of the Namboothiri­ Cocoanut, tapioca and paddy are the important crops pad of Akavur for having defied the authority of the of the taluk. ' Kampithan who was in sole charge of the adminis­ uation of the temple properties. The inscription is Kundara important in that it gives us an insight into the relations 251. Kundara, on the bank of one of the creeks that existed between the VlOlar and Karaler in regard of the Ashtamudi lake, is ~ituated 8 miles east of Quilon. to matters of temple administration in the 18th century. It is a growing industrial centre. The presence offine china clay in the neighbourhood led to the establish­ Punalur ment of the Government Ceramic Concerns in 1940. 248. Punalur, the headquarters of the taluk, is The important products of this well-known factory are ,ituated on the 28th mile of the Quilon-Shencottah crockery, stone-ware pipes and fire-bricks. The Kerala road and on the bank of the Kallada river. It is an im_ Government Ceramics was started functioning in 1957 portant industrial to\ln of Kerala, the chief factories as an expansion scheme of the Government Ceramic

76 Concerns Kundara.i The'Electric and Allied Industries, is one of the finest in India. Qpilon was so important Kundara' was started in "1946 as a :Public Limited and prosperous that it gave its name to the Kollam Era Company. The important products of this concern are founded in 825 A.D. The splendour and magni­ structural ~teel 'fabrications like Trusses, Tipping ficence of the city gave rise to the Malayalam saying that Waggons and Transmission Line Towers, Ferrous and if you saw Quilon, you would need no home any more. Non-ferrous castings, Double Pole and Triple Pole The gradual silting of the port and the risc of Cochin switches ranging from 15 amp. to 100 amp. fuse units, and Calicut led to its decline, even before the arrival (;ut-out~ and other electrical wiring accessories like of the Portuguese. The Portuguese established a switches, ceiling roses, plugs etc., electrical line hard­ trading settlement at Quilon in 1502, which, in 1661, ware like clamps, stay tighters, stay rods, stay plates, was captured by the Dutch, who in turn wereforced to cross-arm street light, pipe fittings etc. and compression surrender it to the English in 1795. This settlement moulded backHne items. Anoth.er important institution known as Tangas~eri is now a part of the town. Built here is the Aluminium Industries Ltd., popularly known in 1902 and strengthened in 1940, the 144 feet high as ALIND which started functioning in 1946. It is a Tanga~seri Light House is yet another centre of leading Indian firm in the manufacture of aluminium attraction. The light ernnating from a 5,000 walts bulb cable'>. Apart from the above modern industrial aspects from this Light House is visible at a distance of 18 miles Kundara is famous as the venue from where Velu out in the Arabian Sea. When Travancore entered Thampi Dalawa issued in lR09 his proclamation known into subsidiary alliance with the East India Company, as Kundara Vilambaram. the Company's army was stationed at Quilon. Dalawa Velu Tampi did much to improve the town. He built Neendakara new bazaars and invited merchants from Madura and 252. Situated about five miles north of Quilon, Tirunelveli to settle down here. Public Offices, palace Neendakara was once a good port. The Indo-Nor­ and temples were also constructed. The Ananda­ wegian Fisheries Community Development Project valliswaram temple attracts large number of devotees was established here in 1953. Its main aim is to tap on all important days. Till 1830, Quilon was the the fishing potentialities of the Neendakara region. capital of Travancore; the Dewan, the Appeal Court The important ins,titutions under this project are the and the Resident had their headquarters there. The Boat Building Yard at Sakthikulangara, the Fisher- ~ regiment stationed at Quilon was transferred to Tri­ men's Training Institute, the Ice Factory and Refri­ vandrum only in the early years of this century. Quilon geration Plant. possesses a historic church and was the seat of the first Q.,uUon Roman Catholic Bishopric in India. The Tirunel­ veli-Quilon railway was opened in 1904 and it was 253. Quilon, one of the oldest sea-pott towns on extended to Trivandrum in 1918. The Quilon­ the Arabian coast, stands on the Ashtamudi lake. The Ernakulam Railway was opened for traffic in 1958. port is an open roadstead situated off a bay formed by Today Quilon is a busy industrial and commercial the Tangasseri }loint. In early days, however, wooden centre, being the seat of several industries viz., cashew, ships crossed the Neendakara bar into the Ashtamudi textiles, tiles, timber, tin containers, oil mills lake. The natl,U'al facilities for shipping and the rich­ etc. The Sree Narayana College, The Fatima Mata ness of the surroundipg country in spices made it an National College, the Sree Narayana College for important port from early times. It was frequented Women are the important colleges here. The Thangal by merchants from European countries as well as Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering, the first from China. Early travellers have described the of its kind in the private sectOr in the State, is port as one of the largest in the world and the market situated at Kilikollur, about four miles east of Quilon town.

77

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 NORMALS OF RAINFALL AND RAINY DAYS" (Based on available data for the period 1901 to 1950)

Geo. Co-ordinates No. of Station Latitude Longitude years January February March !April May

Qallon District Normals I 24.1 32.1 83.6 166.3 260.3 (10 Stations) n 1.5 1.8 4.5 8.8 11.4

Adoor 9° 09' 76° 44' 50 I 22.3 33.3 96.0 188.2 263.0 II 1.6 2.0 5.1 10 2 ll.S Arienkavu 8Q 59' 77° 10' 46 I 45 2 30.2 78.2 89.1 156.& II 2.5 2.0 4.0 6.4 3 1 Karunagapally 9° 04' 76° 32' 50 I 20.6 19.3 49.3 116.1 275.6 II 1.0 1.2 3.1 7.0 11.& Konni 9° 13' 76° 51' 46 I 31.7 53.3 136.7 242 3 335.3 II 1.8 2.8 7.7 12.8 H.7 Kottarakara 9° 01' 76° 46' 50 I 17.5 26.2 71.9 152 4 259 1 II 1.3 1.7 4.3 9 2 11..'> Nilamel 8° 50' 76° 53' 5 I 17.8 32.8 90.4 188 7 214 4 II 1.0 1.6 4.2 7.6 10.2 Paravoor 8° 47' 76° 40' 46 I 12.7 17.5 45.7 110 2 219 5 II 1.0 1.0 2.6 6 4 9 7 Pathanamthitta 9° 16' 76° 46' 46 I 35.3 48.0 114.3 217 9 31) 0 II 1.9 2.4 6.1 10.8 129 Punalur 9° 00' 76° 55' 50 I 19.6 38.3 103.9 218 2 292 3 II 1.3 1.9 4.8 10.1 ll.S Quilon (P.W.D.) 8° 53' 76° 36' 46 I 17.8 22.6 50.0 140.2 267.2 II 1.3 1.4 3.2 7 4 11.7

June July August September October November December Annual 547.4 4:49.6 318.1 226.1 344.9 242.9 64.8 2,760.2 22.0 21.5 17.3 12.7 15.3 11.0 3.5 131.3 567.2 494.0 349 8 247.1 351.8 254.0 63.3 2,935.0 22.6 "-2.7 18.8 14.0 16.1 12.3 3.8 141.0 485.7 431.0 290.1 204.2 350.8 285.0 96.5 2,542.5- 20.8 21.2 17.5 12.7 16 7 13.1 5.2 130.2 551.9 407.9 261.1 216 7 285.7 209.3 49.0 2,462.5 21.5 19.1 14.3 11.4 12.8 9.5 2.8 115.2 604.8 6005 429.8 283.5 412.5 274.6 58.2 3,463.2 23.7 '23.6 20.7 14.3 17.8 12.5 3.B 156 2 534.9 430 3 308.9 228.6 342.4 229.9 60.7 2,662.8 22.5 22.3 18 2 13.5 15.4 10.5 3.3 133.7 593 1 354.3 340.9 189'7 286.0 201.4 82.0 2,591.5 23.2 23 6 20.6 12.8 15.6 10.8 4.2 135.4 4488 323.9 215.1 167.6 282.2 194.8 43.2 2,081.2 19 2 17.0 11 8 9 2 12.0 8.3 2.2 100.4 576.3 534.7 393.8 275 3 412.0 299.5 78.5 3,305.6 22 4 22.6 18 4 13 7 15.8 12.0 3.7 142.7 580.4 541.5 339.9 252.7 431.5 271.5 69.6 3,159.4 22.6 23.2 18.0 12 8 17.0 11.3 3.4 138.2 530.6 377.9 246.4 195 3 293.9 209.0 47.2 2,398.1 21.8 20.0 14.7 12 2 13.5 10.0 3.0 120.2: Note: I-Rainfall in millimetres II-Number of rainy days ... SO'll'ce:-India Meteorological Department

81 106/4-198 A AppencID: 2 RAINFALL

Latitude: 9 0 09' N CENTRE: ADOOR Longitude: 76 0 44' E

lfonth 1951 1952 1953 19M 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961]

January A 1 1 4 1 NA 2 B 17.0 12.7 42.2 10.2 NA 18.4- February A 1 6 1 2 2 2 3 4 B 5.6 99.1 55.9 43.2 30.5 111.8 43.1 138.7 March A 6 3 4 15 3 2 4 7 1 5 2 B 87.1 21.1 96.3 385.3 87.6 44.5 65.0 108.9 16.2 52.7 27.9 April A 11 9 9 11 10 9 7 11 11 13 10 B 220.2 161.0 121.2 145.5 222.3 109.5 54.6 225.6 201.6 338.4 107.5 May A 7 14 1 12 13 13 17 15 23 11 B 91.4 312.9 33.0 237.7 319 3 393.7 409.8 435.0 548.1 257.9 ,june A 24 25 13 22 26 20 25 18 22 21 23 B 768.1 731.8 251.5 493.5 719.1 522.7 791.2 505.6 881.7 261 5 1,043.9 july A 16 17 27 22 17 16 21 9 22 21 23 B 202.9 242.3 760.2 413.3 269 2 255.5 647.7 227.8 631.7 519.5 643.2 August A 12 22 16 19 11 15 12 24 15 16 25 B 132.1 283.0 327.7 424.2 135.6 188.0 228.3 354.3 191.5 340.7 632.1 September A 15 5 11 16 17 15 7 6 20 17 9 B 372.6 66.0 175.8 177.0 443.0 134.6 64 8 59.2 316.0 475.2 174.4- October A 16 14 21 17 11 16 13 11 9 10 12 B 311.1 302.8 429.3 540.0 211.3 476.0 322.1 199.1 235.0 248 5 133.0 November A 7 8 1 10 11 9 15 11 21 8 B NA 82.3 136.4 5.1 283.7 239.8 162.8 320.5 186.5 463.6 222.9 December A 2 2 2 4 2 1 3 2 3 B 100.3 25.4 15.2 69.1 15.0 7.6 89.9 17.8 78.5

Latitude: 9 0 04' N ~: K.AR1JNAGAPALLY Longitude: 76 0 32' E

Month 1951 1952 1953 19M 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 january A 2 1 4 2 2 1 2 B 38.1 3.3 86.4 81.3 10.2 7.6 79.3 February A 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 B 53.3 7.6 12.7 2.5 17.8 69.9 25.4- March A 5 1 9 5 4 2 2 B 66.0 12.7 102.9 22.9 40.6 38.1 73.6 ~pril A 3 11 4 7 9 7 3 11 6 12 5 B 96.5 165.1 142.2 161.3 86.4 83.8 43.2 154.9 109.4 270.7 99.1 May A 8 14 2 12 17 15 11 21 14 21 14 B 177.8 265.7 31 7 240.3 302 3 271.8 312.4 345.3 514.2 959.0 353.6 june A 26 25 8 24 24 26 19 21 17 10 21 B 735 3 438.1 185.4 424.2 548 6 538.5 459.7 726.3 702.1 275.6 922.7 July A 19 14 23 22 18 14 18 8 21 15 22 B 320 0 137 7 762.0 377.2 304.8 147.3 360.7 71.1 000 5 563.3 589.7 August A 7 12 9 14 7 13 13 18 15 4 27 B 724 164.3 143.5 191.8 48.3 86.4 166.4 315.0 181.3 223.5 370.5 September A 12 2 5 15 21 12 4 2 12 NA 14 B 241.3 61 0 107.9 224.8 375.9 144.8 20.3 17.8 189.5 NA 198.3 October A .. 9 15 14 16 18 14 9 3 11 3 B NA 354.3 356.9 \ 285.7 406.4 279.4 185.4 152.4 113.8 167.7 77.0 November A 15 5 6 I 8 11 10 10 5 18 5 B 163.3 44.5 90.2 40.6 243.8 40.6 217.2 90.9 84.4 576.6 117.2 December A 1 2 7 3 3 1 B 50 8 63.5 91.4 12.7 50.8 58.4

<\-Number "'f rainy days B-Monthly rainfall in millimetres NA-Not available H2 Appeadix 2 RAINFALL---conttl.

Latitude: 9 0 13' N CENTRE: KONNI Longitude: 76 0 51' E

Month 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961

January A 1 2 3 1 1 3 B 35.6 49.3 35.6 19.1 77.0 53,4 February A 1 9 2 2 1 4 4 4 1 4 B 12.7 155.2 76.2 12.7 7.6 156.5 66.0 45.8 25.9 76.1 March A 7 7 3 13 5 1 5 8 2 7 B 146.1 85.9 59.7 345.4 113.0 4.6 120.1 183.6 14.8 114.2 April A 10 22 10 13 11 9 8 11 12 12 11 B 106.7 333.5 232.9 241.3 251.5 227.3 215.9 351.9 384.8 238.7 281A May A 11 19 4 10 16 10 16 16 16 22 17 B 237.7 356.4 19.8 177.8 538.5 270.0 491.0 611.5 357.8 721. 7 426.7 June A 22 22 17 25 26 27 24 20 15 16 23 B

Latitude: 9 0 01' N GNTRE: KO'ITARAKAI\A Longitude: 76 Q 46' E

Month 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 \ January A 1 1 1 1 1 B 33.0 12.7 7.6 4.3 22.9 February, A 1 6 1 1 2 3 2 B 4.3 170.4 15.2 0.5 25,4 17.7 26.5 24.7 March A 7 3 2 5 4 2 1 3 2 7 2 B 115.8 29.0 20.3 61.5 53.9 12.7 8.9 77.5 17.8 50.0 39.7 April A 14 13 7 6 7 8 5 11 14 13 6 B 244.6 332.5 1'W.5 103,4 111.8 142.0 190.7 153.7 147.0 226.2 120.8 May A 9 14 NA 7 16 15 10 21 16 22 15 B 213.4- 362.5 NA 200.7 392 4 358.7 433.8 310.9 378.6 729.8 'W8.9 June A 25 24 8 20 26 24 20 25 17 16 22 B 615.7 458.0 256.0 428.2 578.9 514.3 B31.3 697.3 721.6 281.2 883.0 July A 15 16 24 16 18 NA­ 15 16 24 19 23 B 202.4- 179.3 754.1 350.0 254.5 NA 369.8 187.0 596.1 484.8 649.7 August A 10 19 11 13 4 11 11 25 17 12 22 B 105.4 248.7 176.8 214.1 57.9 344.2 239.3 328.1 203.8 203.8 413.0 September A 12 4 8 12 19 6 NA 4 14 17 8 B 213.6 66.0 132.6 118.6 679.2 110.7 1.3 26.6 220.3 385.5 162.7 October A 11 13 14 14 15 14 10 9 10 8 11 B 228.6 365.5 473.2 328.2 287.3 354.8 255 8 149.9 192.8 169.4 313.9 November A 17 9 4 2 5 9 5 15 8 NA S B 270.8 90.2 52.1 22.6 165.1 186.9 134,4 222.2 153.6 NA 56.2 December A 1 5 4 1 3 1 2 1 B 22.9 58.9 143.5 'W.6 53.6 30.0 42.7 2.8

A-Number of rainy days B-Monthly rainfall in millimetres NA-Not available

83 10614198A. Appeoclis 2

RAlNFALL-contd.

Latitude: 8° 50' }q CENTRE: NILAMEL Longitude: 76° 53' E Month 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 January A 3 2 1 2 5 B 37.3 7.9 25.4- 1.3 17.8 70.6 February A 7 3 2 1 1 5 2 2 4 B 48.2 18.3 21.1 4.3 3.8 43.9 86.9 42.7 35 2 March A 5 2 2 10 4 5 3 10 NA 4 NA B 140.5 13.5 28.5 170.2 28.7 60.7 19.3 160.0 3.0 71.2 3.8 April A 15 12 8 7 9 10 9 16 18 15 9 B 418.3 247.7 228 3 249.7 96.0 160.8 120.4 251.0 275.1 348.3 239.2 May A 9 17 4 13 20 12 16 20 20 23 17 B 133.3 415.8 31.5 227.1 443.5 210.1 390.7 515.3 421.1 777.3 400.4- June A 22 25 11 22 29 25 22 22 21 15 26 B 761. 7 385.3 217.2 412.7 490.7 557.3 876.3 709.2 739.3 307.0 1,152.1 July A 13 19 20 19 17 16 22 19 25 18 28 B 127.0 225.5;;:: 698.5 357.1 213.9 250.7 371.3 228.5 895.5 472.2 520.7 August A 10 21 16 19 12 18 15 25 14 15 29 B 100.1 219.7 176.5 247.4 103 I 433.8 291.6 480.5 141.0 378.3 520.2 September A 14 7 NA 15 22 10 4 10 19 16 11 B 283.0 73.1 97.8 191.5 513.1 167.1 44 2 79.7 297.2 143.7 209.1 October A 18 17 20 16 17 13 11 18 7 14 14 B 225.3 473.5 626.9 314.2 313 2 465.1 225.0 303.8 241.3 342.5 244.8 November A 10 5 10 2 13 10 9 13 12 23 4 B 335.8 137.4 126.7 56.4 398.8 322.8 231.1 169.7 198.5 755.3 123.7 December A 7 7 2 4 2 NA 4 2 B 109.0 58.2 19.3 78.0 10. I 3.6 45.3 18.~

Latitude: 8° 47' N CENTRE: PARAVOOR Longitude: 76° 40' E Month 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 January A I 2 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA B 5.1 71.1 11.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA February A I NA 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 B 59.7 NA 62.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 93.2 March A 4 2 3 11 3 NA NA 2 NA NA NA B 53.3 31.0 41.1 110.5 40.6 NA NA 135.4 NA NA NA April A 4 7 8 9 7 5 7 3 9 3 NA B 88.9 76.2 131.3 105.7 95.5 56.9 67.3 25.7 147.0 29.2 NA May A 3 19 1 14 13 NA 12 14 22 29 29 B 189.2 445.0 2.5 188.0 178.8 NA 194.8 132.6 423.3 402.6 392.6 June A 19 19 13 17 22 22 27 25 16 NA 26 B 751.8 205.5 286.3 214.6 366.0 249.4 193.5 233.8 300.2 NA 404.5 July A 10 11 22 NA 16 NA 5 7 13 NA 24 B 363.2 145.5 439.9 NA 311.1 NA 322.6 84.1 200.5 NA 1,029.~ August A 2 10 7 NA 6 9 9 10 11 13 NA B 15.0 96.~ 215.9 NA 30.2 69.1 95.3 1,185.3 187.8 151.8 NA September A 5 2 3 3 19 5 2 5 8 19 NA B 29.7 35.6 34.8 34.8 274.3 23.4 47.5 86.3 147.0 421 7 NA October A NA 9 21 15 18 NA 4 7 3 21 NA B NA 170.7 268.7 227.3 250.4 NA 49.5 195.6 70.8 120.6 NA November A NA 8 4 NA 5 10 NA 5 3 NA NA B NA 141.0 33.0 NA 38.1 73.7 NA 93.2 44.4 NA NA December A NA 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 NA NA B NA 69.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA 22.5 NA NA

A-Number of rainy days B--Monthly rainfall in millimetrCll NA-Not available

84 Appendix 2 RAINFALL-contd

Latitude 9° 16' 1\ CENTRE: PATHANAMTHlTI'A Longitude 76P -«i' E

Month 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 January A 1 NA 1 2 NA 1 NA I NA 2 NA B 38.1 NA 63.3 20.3 NA 25.4 NA 26.2 NA 38.2 NA February A 3 5 2 NA 2 1 4 3 4 3 2 B 53.3 86.4 25.4 NA 10.2 5.1 56.4 35.1 40.7 28.5 25.4- March A 5 3 4 11 4 6 3 9 2 6 3 B 121.9 86.4 27.9 221 0 -to 6 95 3 43.2 183 4 67 1 73 b 38.1 Apnl A 10 11 10 10 12 7 10 H 15 II 15 B 335.3 289 6 224.8 281.9 359 4 149 9 139 7 293.7 343.1 2£)-1- 1 24".4 May A 7 II 2 12 15 14 17 19 16 20 19 B 204.5 368.3 21 6 363 2 546.1 308 6 448.3 514 1 407 1 577.1 391.4 June A 22 16 13 2:! 28 26 22 20 19 18 27 B 787 4 502 9 350.5 523 2 814 I 638 8 835 4 550 7 781 I 303.6 876.6 July A 13 11 26 16 23 20 22 6 25 21 26 B 320.0 320 0 836 9 388 6 397 5 322 6 675.4 J4C) 7 747.3 36+ 6 609 I August A 7 19 13 19 12 17 13 13 16 17 23 B H9.9 431.8 165.1 326 4- 130.8 294.6 256.8 531.3 221 9 367 8 466.2 September A 11 4 5 12 16 14- 9 3 18 21 9 B -«i7.4 55.9 132.1 222.3 379.7 176.5 61.2 38 I 304.1 463 7 165 I October A 15 15 23 16 10 20 14 9 10 18 14 B 412.7 436.9 589.3 497.8 177.8 571.5 308.9 141.0 268.4 345.5 249.0 November A 8 8 4- 3 14 13 6 11 12 24 6 B 402.6 113.0 124.5 55.9 191.8 377.2 223.3 152 5 204.3 495 5 65.4 December A 1 2 3 4- 2 I 3 :2 I 5 I B 43.2 63.5 30.5 104.1 16.5 15 7 75.9 12 6 13 2 81 4 22.9

Latitude: 9° 00' N CENTRE: PUNALUR Longitude:

Month 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 January A 2 NA 2 1 NA NA NA 1 NA 1 1 B 10.2 NA 33.0 5.1 NA NA NA 14.5 NA 7.6 28.2 February A NA 4 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 4 13 NA 121.9 10.2 29.2 22.9 20.3 17.8 26 7 29 8 3.0 62 4 March A 9 4 5 11 4 3 6 9 2 4 3 13 61.0 143.5 71 1 252.7 179.1 26.7 81.3 174.7 14.8 104.8 13.0 April A 13 15 13 11 10 10 15 13 13 14 9 B 217.2 259.1 226.1 205.5 167.9 221.2 319.9 217 0 432 5 340 6 128 7 May A 10 14- 2 10 16 15 16 15 18 23 14 B 226.1 505.5 25 4 165.6 360 7 258.3 420.3 345 5 394.8 637 1 371 8 June A 27 23 10 25 23 22 26 21 19 17 25 B 688 3 522.0 345 4 431.8 602 0 472 2 762 5 591 1 60G 6 272 '! 928.4 July A 17 17 24- 21 19 16 23 13 25 18 23 B 344.2 309.9 787.4 367.0 25':;.3 242.8 592 5 17i:! 7 626 2 4·32 9 ':;63.3 A 11 23 14 22 7 17 17 23 16 16 22 B 134.6 416.6 194 3 292.6 73 7 239.3 247.1 498.8 213.4 290. I 3:;7.1 September A 14 4 8 18 18 14 ') 3 18 21 13 B 508.0 55.9 127.0 118.6 508.3 134.6 56.2 67.2 391.8 406.6 186.4 October A 20 16 21 16 16 17 15 15 to 10 II B 416.6 500.4 582.9 485.1 261.6 450.1 413.2 398.6 236.6 378.4 316.0 November A NA 9 7 3 13 13 10 13 II B 20 1 NA 200.7 171.5 38.6 408.9 287.8 183.9 194 1 150.6 701.5 16.6 December A 2 4 NA 6 1 NA 4 NA I 2 B 53.3 2 109.2 NA 156 2 6.3 NA 104.7 NA 4.4 24.4 17·0

A-Number of ramy days B-Monthly rainfall in millimetres NA-Not available * TI,<" figures from ~ April 1956 relate to the data recorded at the Punalur Observatory.

85 106!4198 A Appeadix 2

RAINF~Mid. Latitude: 8° 53' N CENTRE: QUD.ON Longitude: 76Q 36· E

Month 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 lanuary A 2 . 5 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA B 38.1 25 4 96.5 7.6 NA NA NA NA NA 5.1 NA .fbruary A 1 6 1 NA 1 2 NA 1 2 2 2 B 7.6 50.8 11.4 NA 17.8 34.3 NA 40.6 119 4 13 9 63.6 March A 3 3 4 6 6 3 2 6 3 3 NA B 48.3 15.2 88.9 124.5 203.2 62.2 30.5 102.9 38.1 66.0 NA I.pnl A 7 10 11 7 9 9 8 9 8 14- 4- B 127.0 182.9 251 5 271.8 124.5 141.0 147.3 116.8 88.9 267.7 73.7 May A 9 20 2 10 21 NA 11 21 16 25 NA l' 204.5 477.5 10.2 281.9 538.5 NA 462.3 381.1 491.7 922.0 NA June A 27 25 15 21 25 26 23 24 21 NA NA B 936.0 501.7 316.2 547.4 520.7 685.8 580.4 885.1 781.2 NA NA July A 19 19 24 17 18 19 18 16 22 17 NA B 269.2 221.0 756.9 290.8 264.2 237.5 431.5 204.5 702.5 400.9 NA August A 7 19 14 16 7 15 8 18 15 12 NA B 41.9 170.2 133.3 243.8 63.5 201.9 183.9 358.3 166.4 203.1 NA September A 15 3 11 16 20 10 5 2 15 21 NA B 482.6 19.1 111.8 270.5 525.8 149.9 27.9 11.4 214.7 552.7 NA October A 18 11 22 14 18 16 10 12 8 10 NA B 520.7 326.4 458.5 279.4 420.4 461.0 285.7 236.2 125.7 87.7 NA November A 12 7 8 3 9 11 10 9 3 NA NA B 269.2 83.8 271.8 96.5 365.8 215.9 193.0 134.7 45.7 NA NA December A 1 6 NA 3 1 2 4- NA NA NA NA B 94.0 86,4 NA 26.7 52.1 45.7 59.7 NA NA NA NA

A-Number of rainy days ~Monthly rainfall in millimetres NA-Not available

86 Appendix 3

TEMPERATURE

OENrRE: PUNALUR (Observatory) Month 195& 19'>7 19;8 1959 1960 1961

January A NA 33 4 33 .) 34 1 34.5 33.0 B NA 36 1 3:>.0 36.6 36.3 35.6 C NA IS 7 NA 20 4 20.3 20.8 D NA 15.7 NA 17.8 19 1 17 8

February A NA 35 7 349 35 7 34.7 34.4 B NA 37.6 37 3 37.S 36.4 36 2 C NA 20 7 INA 21.0 21.3 21.6 D NA 17 4 NA 15 8 17.9 16.9

March A NA 35.7 35.7 37.7 36.1 36.6 B NA 37.1 37.6 39.3 37.1 38.4 C NA 22 I 23.0 22 2 22.7 23.3 D NA 17.9 21.1 18 6 21.7 20.0

April A 35 :2 35.6 35.2 35 3 34.5 35.7 B 38.9 37 7 36.7 37.9 36.5 38.3 C 23.4 23.7 23:7 23.6 23.3 24.5 D 21.1 20 2 21.3 21.4 21 8 22.7

May A 31.7 33.3 33.1 33 2 30.7 ~2 5 B 33.0 37.1 31.0 36.0 35.7 35.9 C 23.3 24 1 23.0 24 4 23.8 23.9 D 21.1 :!2.S 22 1 21 3 22 8 21.8

June A 29.2 30.6 30.9 30.4 31.0 29.1 B 31.7 32.4 33 8 33.6 32.5 32.9 C 22.5 23.0 23.4 23.3 24.0 23.0 D 21.1 21.9 21.3 21.6 22.8 22.0

July A 29.3 29.6 30 7 29.6 30.6 29.2 B 31.7 32.1 32 9 32.4 32 8 31.7 C 21.9 22.3 23 5 22 4 23.5 22.7 D 20.6 21.0 22 2 21 1 22 8 21.6

August A 29.8 29.7 29.5 30.9 30.9 29.4- B 32.2 31.4 32.1 32.7 32.6 31.9 C 22 I 22.2 23.2 22 3 23.4 23.0 D 21.1 21.3 21.8 21 2 22.8 21.2

September A 30.3 31.8 32.2 31.3 30 1 31.1 B 32.2 34 3 34.1 33.7 32.9 32.7 C 21.9 21.9 22.9 22.9 23.5 22.5 D 20.6 19.4 21.2 22.3 22.8 21.3

October f. 30.3 32.3 31.4 31.8 32.0 32.3 B 32.S 34.4 34.3 34.9 34.2 34.1 C 21.6 22.7 22.8 22.7 21 9 22.3 D 19.4 20 4 21 2 21.5 18 3 20.4

November A 31.7 32.2 32.0 31.8 30.8 32.6 B 34.4 34.0 33.8 33.8 33.0 34.5 C 20.8 22.7 23.0 22.5 20.9 22.4- D 18.3 17.4 21 2 20.7 19.0 18.9

December A 32.9 32.3 33 3 32.6 32.6 32.3 B 34.4- 34 . .J. 'H.4 34.2 34.3 34.3 C 18.7 22.4 20.3 21.1 20.4 21.0 D 15.0 20.8 16.7 18.5 16.6 16.7

NA-Not available A-Mean maximum C-Mean'minimum B-Highest temperature in centigrade D-Lowest temperature in centigrade Note.-The observatory was started functIOning only on April 1956

87 lOO14198A. Appendix 4

MAJOR AND MINOR FOREST PRODUCTS *

Major Products Minor Products ,-______.______-A. ______----,~------J~------__, Timber other Pulp and Firewood Bamboo than Rosewood Rosewood Matchwood and charcoal and cane Fibres Others ,.---A-__~ ~----'------., ~-----A.-----., ~--_..A..----, ,-_..A..-----., ~_.A.--_--, ,_..A..----., Quan­ Quan­ Quan­ Quan­ Quan­ Quan­ Quan- tity Value tity Value tity Value ttty Value tity Value tity Value tity Value (cubic (RS.lll (cubiC (Rs.m (cubiC (Rs.in (cubiC (Rs. III (cubiC (Rs.in (cubiC (Rs. in (cubic (Rs. in Year metres) '000) metres) '000) metres) '000) metres) '000) metres) '000) metres) '000) metres '000)

(i) KONNI FOREST DIVISION

IY'j0-51 8,815 1,963 340 122 3,500 260 218 3,982 12 4,500 2 NA 119 1,151-52 12,060 2,080 352 127 5,200 390 4,255 18 3,646 13 5,700 3 NA 169 1952-53 13,494 2,430 297 107 5,100 250 2,722 11 2,905 9 5,300 3 NA 198 1953-54 18,361 2,633 391 141 4,912 370 2,100 2 2,664 8 7,000 4 NA 139 1954-55 15,560 3,138 153 55 3,412 255 771 4- 2,707 8 5,490 3 NA 94- 1955-56 12,491 3,393 202 73 2,53'3 189 2,438 12 4,125 12 5,500 3 NA 109 1956-57 8,510 2,612 127 46 2,213 166 1,072 5 4,817 15 1,600.:- 2 NA 74 1957-58 8,732 3,314 1I5 42 904 136 495 2 5,807 14 15 NA NA 104 1958-59 8,322 2,313 288 104 1,966 148 3,587 18 3,524 12 700 NA NA 59

1959-60 7,968 2,304 135 49 444 67 10,107 51 2,256 9 1,480 NA 82

(Ii) PUNALUR FOREST DIVISION

1950-51 27,502.43 2,913.85 250.58 53.09 178.54 12.61 31,458 314.58 79,947 8.34 2,200 0.55 NA 1.65 (tons) (Nos.) (bundles)

1951-52 26,729.75 2,831.84 458.82 97.22 70.20 4.96 22,308 223.082,097.95 8.18 103.50 0.91 (tons)

1952-53 26,639.39 2,925.16 265.16 56.18 1,620.64 114.46 620.85 91 78 985 57 17.40 132 0.04 1953-54 10,429.52 1,10644 116.98 24.79 339.29 23.96 18,361 146.10 1,721.82 7.06 153.25 1.46 (tons) 195"4-55 13,611.53 1,513.14 172.08 41 16 505.06 35.67 8,290 82.90 218.75 0.79 1.56 0.03 (tons)

1955-56 9,710.04 1,463.00 157.58 44.521,058.01 74.73 4,506 46.08 6,730 0.70 1.53 0.02 (tons) (Nos.)

1956-57 3,024.17 320.39 50.55 11.711,304.71 92.15 2,085 20.85 793.24- 2.92 14.16 0.25 (tons) 1957-58 5,621.52 595.54 148.98 31.57 357.45 25.25 4,291 42.911,819.17 a.65 (tons) 1958-59 13,979.79 1,481.07 162.20 34.371,652.50 116.71 10,329 103.292,365.60 8.42 (tons)

1959-60 11,545.44 1,669.44 110.01 46.621,573.86 111.16 5,724 41.71 52.50 0.10 191.82 1.69 (tons)

NA-Not available * Source:-DivlSlonal Forest Officers, Konni, Punalur, Ranni and Thenmala

88 App_dh 4

MAJOR AND MINOR FOREST PRODUCTS-concld.

Major Products Minor Products ,- ,- Timber other Pulp and FIrewood Bamboo than Rosewood Rosewood Matchwood and charcoal and cane Fibres Others ,-__.A.--, ,----A..--, r---'---, r----'-----., r-----'-----., ,----"---, ,.~ Quan- Qlan- Qlan- Quan- Quan- tity Value tity Value tlty Value tity Value Quan- Value Qlan- Value tity Value (cubIC (Rs. in (cubic (Rs. in (cubIc (Rs.in (CUbIC (Rs.in tit) (Rs. in tity (Rs. in (cubic (Rs. in Year metres) '000) metres) '000) metres) '000) metres) '000) Nos. '000) Nos. '000) metres) '000)

(iii) RANNI FOREST DIVISION

1958-59 2752 1,101.00 70 35.00 834 83.00 500 20.00 9,097 1.00 4,519 1.00 NA 26 (tons) 1959-60 2,085 834.00 59 30.00 730 73.00 1,702 68.00 387,110 5.00 3,204 1.00 NA 29 (tons) 1960-61 5,001 2,000.00 155 77.00 771 77.00 727 29.00 57,089 4.00 8,511 2.00 NA 75 (tons)

(iv) THENMALA FOREST DIVISION

1950-51 4,156.70 445.00 78.46 25.00 90.36 9.00 720.44 3.00 1951-52 4,549.84 465.00 26.48 11.00 448.16 65.001,122.66 3.00 1952-53 8,155.92 728.00 65.91 35.00 797.27 56.00 7,788.40 24.00 75,000 NA 5,000 NA

1953-54 4,297.04 383.00 116.62 64.00 137.67 7.00 442.26 2.00 1954-55 7,661.21 710.00 39.97 23.00 367.44 40.00 6,300.00 575.00 1955-56 10,141.26 905.07 162.53 86.00 1,068.14 120.006,720.00 21.00 38,000 NA 1956-57 3,467.14 370.00 52.86 26.00 31.08 1.00 362.88 2.00 1957-58 5774.11 515.00 31.13 16.00 386.79 21.00 249.48 1.00 1958-59 9,877.80 880.00 51.18 27.00 1,102.38 59.00 393,094- 10.00 1959-60 §S67.00 880.00 62.1 35.001,657.04 87.00 6,606.70 27.00 724,886 7.00 1960-61 3,931. 71 542.00 78.73 122.00 660.20 103.001,476.44 20.00 1l.5 000 16.00 NA 3.00

89 Appendix 5

PRODUCTION OF IMPORTANT CROPS FOR THE PERIOD 1955-56 TO 1960-610«

Crops Unit 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61

RIce Tons 71,215 72,046 64,800 68,886 66,086 68,119 Ragi 600 599 378 351 364- " 507 2,736 2,591 2,580 2,541 Pulses " 3,006 3,948 34,300 Sugarcane " 32,139 39,140 33,230 33,230 33,700 Pepper 2,461 2,485 2,410 2,291 I 2,240 2,180 " Ginger (Dry) 33 34 44 51 202 225 " Turmeric (Dry) .. 45 22 153 64 23 14 Cardamom " 2 18,433 18,243 22,506 Bananas " 25,379 17,409 22,506 10,560 10,426 11,722 13,66S Cashewnut " 9,856 9,860 851 1,614 1,566 Sesamum " 812 856 829 Areacanut Million nuts 337 454 512 533 484 547 Cocoanuts 351 395 424 393 412 416 " Cotton Bales of m lb. each 400 Tea Tons 2,524 2,079 2.079 2.207 2,207 2,207 Coffee " 2 2 2 2 6 6 Rubber " NA 4,961 5,066 5,059 5,059 5.392 Tapioca " 454,000 411,700 395,700 416,233 413,219 397,016 Lemongrass oil Bottle of 22 oz. each NA NA 3,258 2,960 4,785 5,423

NA-Not available * Source_Department ofStatistlcs, Kerala

90 Appeadix 6

RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES FOR THE PERIOD 1957 TO 1960*

CENTRE: QUILON Rice CornanJe, Chill,es Onions (Id.) (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) _._~----. ,..... ___ -..A..-----, , ----. , __ ---..A. ,~ ______"_-~'----. .\fonth 1937 1958 19~9 1960 ~957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 19~7 1958 1959 1960

J"nuary 061 0.66 0.73 0.63 0.~1 0.40 0 36 0.83 1.01 0.98 1.16 1.81 008 0.21 0.09 0.17 February 0.63 0.66 0.70 0.63 o 40 0.36 0 49 0 35 1.05 0.95 1.15 1.58 0.08 0.15 0.09 0.15 March 0.63 0.65 0.70 0.63 043 0.37 0.53 0.62 1.04 092 0.98 1.21 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.14 April 0.69 0.62 0.77 0.63 0.41 0.36 0.69 0.65 0.97 0.79 1.08 1.15 0.08 0.11 0.12 0 13 May 0.71 0.64 0.79 0.67 0.43 0.35 065 0.74 0.96 0.81 1.04 1.17 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.12 June 0.70 0.66 0.83 0.66 0.43 039 0.78 0 74 0.92 0.78 1.11 1.14 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.10 Julv 0.68 0.70 0.76 065 0.45 0.33 0 83 0.76 099 0.78 1.09 1.28 0.120.120.130.10 August 0.67 0.74 0.75 0.68 0.44 0.36 0 85 0.83 o JO 0.87 1.27 1.26 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 September 0.63 0.75 0.74 0.70 0.44 0.32 0.83 0.79 0.9J 0.87 1.36 1.35 0.090.11 0.130.10 October 0.66 0.79 0.73 0.73 0.39 0.34 0.78 0.78 0.96 0.94 1.55 1.26 0.16 0.09 0.13 0.11 November 0.70 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.40 0.35 0.92 0.80 0.98 0.98 1.60 1.23 0.190.090.180.10 December 0.68 0.80 0.73 0.74 o 41 0 37 0.92 0.82 0.97 1.01 1.73 142 0.23 0.09 0.19 0 12

Salt Tapioca Greengram BIackgram (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) --..... ~----. Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960

January 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.24 0.25 0.31 0.38 o 30 0.31 0.34 0.31 February 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.25 0.26 0.36 0.38 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.31 March 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.24 0.26 0.34 0.37 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 April 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.24 0.26 0.37 0.36 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.31 May 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.27 0.30 0.37 0.39 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.31 June 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.30 0.30 0.38 0.38 0.34 0.31 0.33 0.30 July 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.29 0.35 0.38 0.39 0.33 0.31 0.32 0.30 August 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.05 o 29 0.41 0.39 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.31 September 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.30 0.39 0.39 0.37 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.31 October 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.28 0.35 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 November 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 o 28 0.31 0.37 0.34 o 31 0.28 0.33 0.30 December 0.03 0.03 0 03 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.07 005 028 0.31 0.39 0.36 0.31 0.33 0.32 0 30

Redgram Dhall Brinjal Ladies finger (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) ,.------A---"""\ , __. -.A..___ -, Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 T January 0.25 0.22 0.28 0.28 0.24 0.25 0.28 0.45 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.31 T February 0.25 0.24 0.32 0.28 0.24 0.25 0 45 0.46 0.21 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.30 T V March 0.25 0.24 0.39 0.27 0.24 0.25 0.48 0.27 0.20 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.28 0.28 0.23 0.28 T Apnl 0.24 0.25 0.37 0.25 o 24 0.25 0.47 0.24 0.20 0.21 0.20 0 19 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.36 T May 0.24 0.25 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.25 0.47 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 o 25 0.26 0.23 0.35 T June 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.24 0.25 0.47 0 22 o 16 0.19 0 19 0.19 0.25 0.26 0.23 0.30 T July 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.27 0 47 0.24 0.18 0.19 0.17 0.20 0.24 0.27 0.24 0.30 T August 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.29 0.47 0.24 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.21 0.18 0.25 0.21 0.31 T September 0.21 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.47 0.22 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.21 0.25 0.32 T October 0.21 0.26 0.29 0.25 0.23 0.26 0.45 0.25 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.20 0.25 0.22 0.26 0.30 T November 0.21 0.27 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.29 0.45 0.25 0.19 0.19 0.23 0.20 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.29 T December 0.21 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.23 0 28 0.43 0.25 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.25 0.27 0.26 0.28 .Source:-Department of Statistics, Kerala T-Tur V -Change in varIety

91 Appendix 6

RETAIL PRICES OF OERTAIN OOMMODITIES FOR THE PERIOD 1957 TO 1960-contd. CENTRE, QUILON-contd.

Plantain Cucumbel Pumpkm Chenal (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) r-~- ...... ------, ,---~--A.. __ '1 Month ,------"--~--, ,------"-----, 1957 1958 1939 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 O. ]() February 0.16 0.09 0.13 0.12 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 March 0.10 0.16 0.09 O. IS 0.12 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 April 0.16 0.10 0.14 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.10 O. JO O.OB 0.06 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.10 May 0.10 o 12 0.14 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.07 0.07 0.08 O.ll 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.09 O. JO june 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.07 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.14 July 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 August 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.10 o 09 0.12 September 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 October 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.09 o lU o 10 0.12 November 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 December 0.09 O. IO 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.09 o 09 o 10 010 o 11

Mutton Beef FliIh Milk (Cows) (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) r-----___"'____ --__ (Ed.) r- ( ..____------, Month --. r--~, 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 19.~7 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 january 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.40 0.64 0.26 0.41 0.24 1.00 February 1.25 0.75 0.93 1.06 1.25 1.25 1.25 0.37 0.37 o 37 0.40 0.56 0.49 0.40 0.22 1.00 0.71 1.03 March 1.25 I. 2:; 1.25 1.25 0.37 1.06 0.37 o 37 0.40 0.J8 o 48 0.::>5 0.25 1.00 0.78 1.06 1.06 April 1.25 I 2.3 1.25 1.25 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.40 0.57 0.53 0.38 0.28 1.00 May 1.25 1.23 0.84 1.06 1.06 1.25 1.31 0.37 0.39 0.37 0.43 0.50 0.52 0.28 0.36 v 1.00 0.90 1.06 June 1.24 1.25 1.25 1.50 0.35 0.39 1.06 0.37 0.50 0.44 0.57 0.27 0.33 1.00 0.93 1.06 1. 06 july 1.16 1.25 1.25 1.50 0.43 0.37 0.37 0.50 0.60 0.55 0.29 0.28v August 0.71 0.93 1.06 1.06 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 0.39 0.37 0.37 0.50 0.53 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.71 0.93 1.06 September 1.24 1.25 1.25 1.50 0.41 0.37 1. 06 0.37 0.50 0.37 0.42 0.27 0.26 0.80 0.93 1.06 1. 06 October 1.25 1.20 1.25 1.48 0.39 0.37 0.38 0.51 0.19 0.43 0.40 0.19 0.75 0.92 November 1.21 1.25 1.25 1.49 1.07 1. 07 0.37 037 0.40 0.50 0.17 0.42 0.50 0.05 0.75 0.93 1.06 0 December 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 0.39 0.37 0.40 0.50 1. 6 0.22 0.44 0.43 0.05 0.75 0.93 1.06 I.°i

Milk (Buffalo) Tea Coffee powder Sugar (Ed.) r------...(lb.) ___ (lb.) __...... ____(lb.) ___ ~ ,..... , Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 1.37 1.00 1.00 1.37 2.74 2.15 2.32 2.31 3.03 3.14 3.29 3 ..'H 0.44- 0.52 February 1.37 1.00 1.2B 1.37 2.84 0.53 0.54 2.18 2.32 2.25 3.05 3.09 3 43 3.$0 0.44 0.52 0.55 0.54 March 1.37 1.08 1.37 1.37 2.75 2.24 2.31 2.25 3.12 3.18 3.37 3.44 0.46 0.53 April 1.37 1.09 1.37 1.37 0.55 0.55 2.90 2.17 2.33 2.31 3.06 3.13 3.4l 3.02 0.46 0.53 0.55 0.54 May 1.34 1.15 1. 37 1.37 286 2.19 2.38 2.41 3.10 3 14 3.43 3.03 0.46 0.53 June 1.37 1. J I 1.37 1.37 0.55 0.5.} 2.69 2.26 2.55 2.28 3.06 3.17 3.44- 3.11 0.50 0.53 0.54 0.56 july 1.06 1.03 1.37 1.37 2.41 2.27 2.54 2.25 3.05 3.14 3.43 3.l! 0.54 0.53 AUgu"l 1.09 1.00 1.37 1.37 0.60 0.56 2.21 2.28 2.50 2.25 3.07 3.14 3.44 3 .12 0.53 0.53 0.62 0.55 September 1.16 1.00 1.37 1.37 2.01 2.28 2.50 2.25 3.05 3.31 3.49 3.12 0.54 October 1.09 1.00 1.30 1.37 0.53 0.80 0.55 2.00 2.31 2.48 2.32· 3 06 3.32 3.50 3 18 0.53 0.53 0.74 0.54 November 1.01 1.00 I 37 1.36 2.06 2.37 2.48 2.28 3.11 3.33 3.54 3 15 0.53 December 1.00 1.00 1.37 1 36 0.53 0.54 0.54 :2 .19 2.35 2.35 2.25 3.20 3.28 3.53 3.13 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.54

jaggclY Cocoanut 011 Glngelly oil Cocoanut (without husk) (lb.) (Ed.) (Ed.) ~_..A. 100 ,-~ - --., ,- Month 1~)7 1939 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 ~--1959 1960 january () 2~ o 39 o 32 U .f:; 1.92 2.86 2 75 2 90 2 81 3.58 2.82 3.23 February 0.31 0.4u 0.33 12.55 18.45 20.80 19.50 U.H 1.93 2.64 . 3.09 2.94 2.78 3.50 3.28 3.11 13.12 19.13 19.7520.00 March 0.3! 0.42 o 28 0.41 1.84 2.80 3.12 2.97 2.78 3 50 3.36 3.12 April O.::lO 040 n.37 13.85 19.97 18.69 21.19 0.41 1.84 3.12 303 3.00 2.78 3.50 3.42 3.15 13.5621.57 19.06 20.90 May 0.29 0.60 0.37 0.42 1.89 3.22 3.08 2.98 2.75 3.49 3.39 3 05 June 30 0.61 13.20 20.51 18.60 20 25 o 0.36 0.36 1.87 3.23 3.20 2.94 2.80 3.61 3.44 2 87 12.50 18.56 18.88 21 25 july 0.36 0.58 0.38 0.36 2.07 3.23 3. IS 3.04 3.55 3.60 3.43 3.01 August o 40 47 13.22 18.06 17.38 20.83 o 039 0.41 2.22 3.39 3.16 3.25 3.55 3.57 3.46 3.12 14.42 18.20 18.()6 21 13 September 0.38 o 33 040 o 43 2.36 2.90 3.16 3.27 3.76 3.25 3.46 3.12 October o 38 0.3b 14.77 18.5020.0022.10 o 42 o 42 2.44 2.75 3.21 3.36 3.43 3.18 3.45 3.38 14.85 19.1021.2523.19 November U.3/j 0.37 0.49 o 49 2.72 2 75 3 20 3 40 3 79 3.08 3.50 3.41 December 0.40 0.3l 16.26 20.50 19.41 23.25 O.JO o 39 2 86 2.75 3 13 3 53 3.60 3 02 3.43 424 18.0021.13 19.2523 7 V--Change in variety

92 Appendix 6

RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES FOR THE PERIOD 1957 TO 1960-contd. CENTRE: Q,un.ON-concld.

Thorthu Mundu Washing Kerosene oil (each) (each) (100) (24 oz.) -, Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 0.50 0.94 0.87 0.87 2.25 2.38 2.50 2.50 10.00 11.25 10.00 10.50 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.25 February 0.50 0.91 0.87 0.88 2.25 2.39 2.50 2.75 10.00 NA 10.00 11.00 0.25 0.25 0.26 o 25 March ~ 0.51 0.95 0.87 0.88 2.25 2.24 2.50 2.75 10.00 11.25 10.0011.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 o 25 April 0.51 0.96 0.87 0.88 2.25 2.29 2.50 2.75 10.00 10.63 10.00 11.00 o 25 0.25 0.25 o 25 May 0.50 0.96 0.87 0.94 2.25 2.38 2.50 2.75 10.00 1000 10.00 11.00 0.26 o 25 0.25 0.25 0.51 0.92 0.87 1.09V 2.25 2.38 2.50 2.80 10.00 10.00 10.00 11.25 0.26 0.25 o 25 0.25 June i.dy 0.55 0.92 0.B7 1.17 2.28 2.3B 2.50 2.90 966 10.00 10.00 11.90 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.25 August 0.66 0.91 0.87 1.05 2.20 2.43 2.50 2.88 11.25 10.00 10.00 11.50 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.25 September 0.80 0.87 0.87 0.96 2.24 2.50 2.50 2.87 11.25 10.00 10.00 11.25 0.27 0.25 0.55 0.25 October 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.94 2.33 2.50 2.46 3.50 11.25 10.001000 II 25 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.25 November 0.94 0.87 o 87 0.94 2.37 2.50 2.50 3.50 11.25 10.00 10.00 11.31 0.25 0.29 0.25 o 25 December 0.96 0.87 o 87 o 88 2.38 2.50 2.50 2.80V 11.25 1000 10.00 11.25 0.25 0.29 0.25 0.25 Laurel oil Firewood Betel leaves Areca-nut (24 oz.) (Ton) (l00) (100) , .------"---...... Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 {anuary 23.87 23.00 24 00 28.60 0.41 0.42 044 o 37 1.92 2.51 2.75 2.81 ebhlary .. 0.52 24.00 23.50 24.00 27.00 0.21 o 35 032 0.37 2.11 2.80 3 07 3 14 March 23.8022 38 24 00 29 63 0.19 0.38 0.29 o 29 2.07 3.66 4.26 3.64 April 23.2521.0024.0030.00 0.22 0.25 0.33 0.24 2.12 4 47 3 66 4.80 May 24.00 24.30 24.50 30.50 0.16 0.20 0.14 0.18 2 II 47583.70 5 54 june 23.7524.38 NA. 30.75 0.12 0.14 o II 0.16 2.12 4.93 3 22 6.37 ulyl 0.63 27 38 24.00 NA. 29.72 0.25 o 23 0.22 0.27 2 18 4.13 3.06 4.84 August 0.63 24.30 24.00 29.50 29.00 0.40 0.32 0.51 0.38 2.1B 3 00 2.60 2 97 September 0.55 23.1324.0028.25 29.76 0,43 0.33 0.26 0.40 2.28 2.45 2.50 2.81 October 0.59 23.00 23.BO 29.60 30.78 0.49 0.39 0.31 0.40 2.22 2.45 2.74 2.90 November 0.63 23.0024.00 30.50 30.48 0.16 0.21 0.35 0.43 2.21 2.39 2.75 2.76 December 23.0024.00 29.25 30.48 0.31 0.27 0.29 o 35 2.40 2.56 2.79 2 95

Tobacco (ordinary) Tobacco (Jaff.) (lb.) (lb.) Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 1.52 1.34 1.37 1.39 4.16 4.33 4.00 4.15 February 1.55 1.39 1.39 1.39 4.09 4.38 4.00 3.25 March 1.50 1.34 1.40 1.40 4.06 4.38 4.00 3.25 April 1.50 1.35 1.37 1.40 4.13 4.38 4.00 3.25 May 1.50 1.36 1.37 1.40 4.09 4.23 4.03 3.25 June 1.55 1.31 1.37 1.40 4.13 4.35 4.00 3.25 July 1.45 1.28 1.37 1.40 4.50 4.10 4.00 3.25 August 1.40 1.28 1.37 1.40 4.11 4.07 4.00 3.25 September 1.40 1.26 1.37 lAO 4.41 4.00 4.00 3.25 October 1.38 1.31 1.39 1.42 4.38 4.00 4.12 3.29 November 1.38 1.35 1.40 1.39 4.48 4.00 4.13 3.27 December 1.39 1.37 1.40 1.36 4.44 4.00 4.13 3.25

CENTRE: PUNALUR Rice Corriander Chillies Onions (Ed.) (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) ,------..A.------, Month ·1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960-- 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 0.62 0.65 0.72 o 65 0.43 o 30 0.39 0.78 1.05 0.98 1 28 1 62 0.08 0.19 0.09 0.16 February 0.61 0.61 0.65 0.65 0.43 0.28 0.50 0.66 1.06 0.96 1.22 1.60 O.OB 0.10 0.09 0.14 March 0.62 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.44 0.25 0.50 0.64 1.04 0.79 0.98 1 41 008 0.08 o 09 0.12 April 0.65 0.60 0.67 0.62 0.44 0.27 0.58 0.63 0.97 0.77 1.02 1.14 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.11 May 0.69 0.61 0.71 0.67 0.43 o 30 0.62 0.65 0.92 072 1.03 1.13 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.12 June 0.69 0.63 0.79 0.67 0.37 0.31 0.63 0.62 0.88 0.74 1.06 1.19 o 11 0.12 0.13 0.12 July 0.68 0.67 0.87 o 67 0.37 0.31 0.67 0.68 0.86 0.82 1.09 1.26 0.13 O. II 0.13 0.11 August 0.65 0.68 0.78 o 67 0.34 032 0.63 0.74 O.M 0.83 1.15 1.25 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.09 September 0.65 0.67 0.76 0.68 0.34 o 33 o 70 o 75 0.91 0.82 1.30 1.26 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.09 October 0.66 0.69 0.73 0.73 o 29 0.32 0.75 0.72 0.91 0.95 1.42 1.29 0.15 0.09 o 14 0.10 November o 68 0.72 0.73 0.79 0.33 o 34 o 85 o 70 0.95 1.00 1.56 1 24 0.19 o 09 0.17 0.10 December 0.68 0.76 0.70 0.74 0.29 0.35 o 84 o 62 1.05 1.01 1 56 I 27 0.21 0.08 o 18 0.10 V-Change in variety 8-Soaked

93 Appendix 6

RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES FOR THE PERIOD 1957 TO I96O-contd.

CENTRE: PUNALUR-contd. Salt Tapioca Greengram Blackgram (lb.) , (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.26 0.25 0.35 032 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.33 February 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 o 04 0.03 006 0.27 0.25 0.34 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.33 0.31 March 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 o 06 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.28 o 26 0.34 0.31 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.30 April 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.04 006 0.25 029 0.34 o 31 0.32 0.30 0.34 0.32 May 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.26 0.32 0.34 o 32 0.31 0.29 0.32 0.32 June o 03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.27 o 35 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.32 0.32 July 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.28 0.38 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.32 0.33 August 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.28 0.37 0.33 0.34 0.31 0.30 0.32 0.35 September 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.27 0.37 0.34 0.33 0.31 o 31 0.32 0.33 October 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.25 0.33 0.36 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.35 0.31 November 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.25 0.36 o 35 0.29 0.31 0.33 o 36 0.31 December 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.25 0.34 0.34 0.30 0.31 0.31 o 33 0.31

Redgram Dhall Brinjal Ladies finger , (lb.) , (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 0.23 025 .. 0.29 0.23 0.25 0.36 0.29 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.13 0.29 0.30 0.26 0.27 February 025 0.25 .. 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.37 0.27 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.21 0.23 027 0.27 0.25 March 0.25 0.24 .. 0.28 0.24 0.24 0.37 0.28 0.19 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.24 0.32 0.25 AprIl o 23 0.25 0.27 0.24 0.25 0.36 0.25 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.16 0.25 0.25 0.37 0.24 May 0.24 0.24 0.34 0.23 0.25 0.34 0.26 0.10 0.11 0.19 0.14 0.23 0.24 0.36 0.24 June 0.24 0.24 0.32 0.29 0.24 0.25 0.34 0.23 0.11 0.11 0.19 0.12 0.22 0.20 0.29 0.22 July 0.24 0.26 o 29 : 0.25 0.25 0.34 0.25 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.09 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.21 August 0.25 o 24 0.28 0.25 "':0.25 0.26 0.33 0.28 0.10 0.15 0.14 0.08 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.19 September 0.25 0.29 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.31 0.33 0.25 0.17 0.19 0.15 0.13 0.24 0.22 0.26 0.18 October 0.25 0.31 0.31 0.28 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.26 0.12 0.17 0.15 0.11 0.24 0.21 0.24 0.21 November 0.25 0.28 0.27 :0.27 0.25 0.35 0.32 0.25 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.25 December 0.25 o 25 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.34 0.31 0.23 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.27 0.25 0.24 Plantain Cucumber Pumpkin Chenai (lb.) , (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.07 0.06 NA 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.09 February 0.07 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.07 0.08 .. 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.11 March 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.08 .. 0:08 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.12 April 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.08 .. 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.11 May 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 .. 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.12 June 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.08 0.11 July 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.10 August 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 September o 10 0.06 0.06 0.15 0.09 0.09 006 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.07 0'.05 October 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.07 004 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.06 November 0.08 0.06 0.06 o 06 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.06 006 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.06 _December 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.10 0.06 o 06 o 05 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.05

Mutton Beef Fish Milk (cows) (lb.) (lb.) (lb.) (Ed.) Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 j.!duary 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.50 0.48 0.25 0.46 0.53 .0.62 0.42 0.75 February 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.55 o 42 o 25 0.41 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.75 March 1.00 1.00 I 00 1.00 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.52 0.41 0.25 0.44 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.75 April 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.44 0.44 044 044 o 62 0.48 0.25 0.29 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.75 May 1.00 100 I 00 1.00 0.44 0.44 o 44 0042 0.50 0.48 0.25 0.28 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.75 June 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.19 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.49 0.54 0.43 0.25 0.31 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.75 July 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.49 0.49 0040 0.25 0.44V 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.75 August 1.00 100 1.00 1.13 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.50 0043 0.30 0.25 0.45 0.62 0.62 0.66 0.75 September 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.44 0:44 0.44 0.50 0.49 0.30 0.25 0.10 0.62 o 62 0.69 0.75 October 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.44 0.46 0.44 0,49 0.43 0.25 0.27 0.23V 0.62 0.62 0.70 0.75 Nov('mber 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.49 0.41 o 25 0.50V 0.27 0.62 0.62 0.75 0.75 December 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 0.44 0.45 0.44 0,49 0.41 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.62 0.62 0.75 0.75

V-Change in variety

94 Appendb 6

RETAIL PRICES OF

January 0.66 0.76 0.75 0.88 2.0~ 1 65 1. 'if) 1. 73 2.89 2.88 2.75 ~.OO 0.44 0.50 0.53 0.55 February 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.88 1.8 1.62 1.56 3.41 2.47 2.80 2.75 2.81 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.56 March 0.81 0.75 0.75 0.88 1.91 1.52 1.66 3.20V 2.62 2.66 2.81 2.50V 0.45 0.53 0.54 0.56 April 0.81 0.75 0.75 0.88 1.94 1.52 1.56 3.50 2.63 2.57 2.75 3.50V 0.46 0.52 0.56 0.56 May 0.81 0. 75 0.75 0.88 1.80 I 47 1.64 3.50 2.64 2.74 2.75 3.50 0.46 0.53 0.55 June 0.81 0.75 0.75 1.25 1.67 I. 59 1. 81 3.50 2.46 2.75 2.75 3.50 0.48 0.53 0.55 .. July 0.81 0.75 0.75 1.25 1. 72 1.64 1. 71 3.31 2.60 2.60 2.75 3.00 0.52 o 52 0.60 0.55 August 0.81 0.75 o 78 1.00 1.60 1.62 1. 69 3 25 2.78 2.70 2 75 3 00 0.53 0.53 0.64 0.55 September 0.8! 0.75 0.81 1.00 1.59 1.60 1.69 3.25 2.69 2.55 2.78 3.00 0.50 0.52 0.69 0.56 October 0.81 0.75 0.82 1.00 1.64 1.58 I. 75 3.22 2.74 2.69 2.90 2.98 0.50 o 51 .. 0.58 November 0.81 0.75 0.88 1.30 1.65 1. 71 1.86 2.00 2.85 2.63 3.00 2.99 0.50 0.52 .. 0.58 December 0.81 0.75 0.88 1.30 I. 70 1.60 1.25 2.00 2.88 2.63 3.00 3.00 0.50 0.52 .. 0.55

Jaggery Cocoanut 011 Gingelly 011 Cocoanut (without husk) (lb.) (Ed.) (Ed.) (100) Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 0.33 0.29 o 30 0.42 2.42 3.32 3.28 3.45 3.56 3.47 3.4.1 3.50 15.97 21.0022.0022.60 February 0.32 o 31 0.30 0.41 2 51 3.04 3.20 3.44 3.11 3.49 3.38 3.50 16.94 19.9422.1323.13 March 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.42 2.40 3.06 3.13 3.22 3.65 3.54 3.38 3.50 17.50 18.81 22.00 23.88 April 0.30 0.29 o 31 0.40 2.42 3.20 3.07 3. IO 3.66 3.47 3.35 3 50 17.44 18.2521.7523.10 May 0.30 0.32 o 30 0.38 2.42 3.13 3.10 3.25 3.58 3 58 3 43 3.50 18.4520.1822.5024.13 ~ne 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.39 2.46 3.18 3.24 3.25 3.57 3.54 3.41 3.50 18.5322.1322.4721.81 July 0.33 0.31 o 33 0.38 2.56 3.27 3 25 3.31 3.46 3.69 3.43 3.50 18.95 22.06 23.80 22.30 August 0.33 0.32 0.36 0.38 2.75 3.24- 3.22 3.52 3.46 3.53 3.38 3.69 20.2621.2924.0023.31 September 0.35 0.30 0.38 0.37 2.85 3 32 3.32 3.58 3.54 3 46 3.50 3.99 22.0821.1924.0023.45 October 0.33 0.29 0.40 0.33 2.82 3.34 3.38 3.61 3.46 3.44 3.50 4 02 21.13 21.50 24.05 26.44 November 0.33 0.27 0.40 0.37 3.13 3.31 3.50 3.89 3.51 3.45 3.50 3.97 22.2921.91 22.69 26.56 December 0.32 0.28 0.38 0.39 3.35 3.36 3.41 3.80 3.51 3.49 3.50 3.97 22.2222.2824.5027.00

Thorthu Mundu Washing Kerosene (each) (each) (100) (24 oz.) ,- Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 0.87 0.93 0.94- 0.84 2.05 2.25 2.13 2.20 12.5010.94 11.25 12.10 0.25 0.25 0.29 0.26 February 0.86 0.95 0.94 0.84 2.09 2.26 2.13 2.75 11.72 10.91 11.25 12.25 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.27 March 0.86 0.97 0.94 0.86 2.12 2.30 2.13 2.7t 10.9410.9411.25 12.25 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.25 April 0.81 1.04- 0.94- 0.90 2.12 2.31 2.13 2.37 10.9410.69 11.25 12.23 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.25 May 0.81 1.06 0.94 0.90 2.12 2.28 2.05 2.37 10.9410.9411.25 12.50 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.25 June 0.81 1.06 0.94 0.94 2.13 2.28 2.00 2.37 10.9410.94 11.25 12.50 0.26 0.25 0.28 0.25 July 0.81 1.06 0.94 0.99 2.13 2.28 2.00 2.43 10.9410.95 11.25 12.50 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.25 August 0.81 1.03 0.94 1.05 2.15 2.24 2.00 2.55 10.9411.2911.1912.50 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.25 September O.W 0.94 0.94 1.07 2.25 2.25 2.00 2.75 10.94 11.25 11.25 12.50 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.25 October 0.88 0.88 0.94 1.12 2.25 2.20 2.29 2.75 10.9411.25 11.20 12.50 0.25 o 25 0.28 0.25 November 0.87 0.94 0.94 1.12 2.25 2.13 2.18 2.99 10.9411.25 12.00 12.50 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.25 December 0.87 0.91 0.94 0.84 2.25 2.11 2.21 2.91 10.94 11.25 12.00 12.50 0.25 0.29 0.28 0.25

Laurel oil Firewood Betelleaves Areca-nut (24:oz.) (ton.) (100) (100) Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 25.6920.002300 19.70 0.34 0.28 0.32 0.33 2.12 2.35 2.28 3.01 February 1.12 1.13 27.6320.0023 00 19 88 0.20 0.18 0.31 021 1.92 2.99 2.69 3.66 M.u-ch 1.12 1.12 23.7520.0023.002000 0.12 0.2') 0.33 o 22 2.45 4.33S 3.17 4.50 April 1.49 1.12 23.7520.062300 NA. 0.15 0.09 0.33 o 13 2.62 4.27S 4.03 4.35 May 1.13 1.13 23.7520.75230020.00 0.10 0.09 0.31 0.10 3.00 4.60S 4.05 4.75 June 1.12 1.14 22.5023.25 " 20.00 0.08 0.17 0.31 0.10 2.72 4.69S 4.00 5.97 July 1.12 1.14 19.6923.25 " 16.00 0.19 0.31 0.27 0.22 2.53 3.05 4.00 4.98 August 1.13 1.43 20.5023.3023.502000 0.41 0.41 o 26 0.24 2.46 3.22 3902.38V September 1.12 1.87 20.00 23.00 23 38 20.00 0.40 0.37 0.28 0.29 2.50 2.78 3.78 2.65 October 1.13 20.00 23.00 23.90 20.00 0.38 0.35 0.23 0.33 2.50 2.70 3.29 2.38 November 1.15 20.0022.7520.0020.00 0.14 0.31 0.26 0.33 2.74 2.42 2.87 2.25 December 1.12 20.0023.00 18.94 20.32 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.30 2.53 2.30 2.99 1.9,} S-Soaked V -Change in variety

95 Appendix 6

RETAIL PRICES OF CERTAIN COMMODITIES FOR THE PlUUOD 1957 TO 1960-c0ncld.

CENTRE: PUNALUR~oncld.

Tobacco (ordinary) Tobacco (Jaffna) (Ib) (lb.) Month 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 January 1.41 1.38 1.50 1. 59 3.87 3.25 3 05 3.05 February 1.58 1.39 1.50 1.65 3.50 3.27 3.03 2.81 Macrh 1.62 1.31 1.50 1.50 3.75 3.31 3.00 2.44 April 1.63 1.35 1.50 1.50 3 73 3.50 3 00 2.50 May 1.58 1.43 1.50 1.50 3.65 3.00 2.50 June 1.38 1.43 1.59 1.50 3.50 3.19 3.00 2.50 July 1.35 1.44 1.57 1 50 3.57 NA 3 00 2.20 August 1.34 1.44 1.50 1 50 3.30 3.75 3.00 2.50 September 1.36 1.48 1.50 1.50 3 22 3.25 3.00 2.50 October 1.36 1.42 I. 50 1.49 3.25 3.00 3.00 2.75 November 1.38 1 55 1.50 1.53 3.23 3.19 3.00 3.00 December 1.38 1.52 1.50 1.61 3.25 3.13 3.00 3.00

96 Appendix 7

OONSUMER PRICE INDEX NUMBERS FOR THE PERIOD 1956 TO It61 ;-

Month 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 CENTRE: Q.un.ON

January 352 402 407 {39 457 -{62 February 346 403 4{)4 431 446 499 March 352 {06 403 {24: 440 HI April 359 411 400 443 «4 4:77 May 367 411 4H 438 {55 -t.61 June 382 404 416 456 458

CENTRE: PUN.u.UR

January 360 410 431 441 451 460 February 364- 412 427 +3-4- 448 456 March 36{ 415 4:l5 433 450 456 April 370 422 4:.11 +1,9 451 458 May 377 430 417 462 462 459 June 392 431 -!20 487 460 474 July 394- 427 4:':4- m 460 482 August 402 421 427 486 455 491 September 392 427 429 489 +51 481 October 399 417 433 486 465 488 Novembe~ 411 423 438 491 471 484 December 416 {28 443 470 471 485

Note :-Base-August 1939"", 100 '" Source:- Department of Statistics, Kerala

97 10614198 A. Appendix 8 UVE-STOCK AND POULTRY-LIVE-STOCK CENSUS, 1961 * Karuna- Kottara- Kunna- Patha- Pathana- Total Quilon DistrIct gapally kara thur namthltta puram Quilon taluk MatClr----____j._ .-----, taluk taluk taluk taluk taluk r-----A. -. Forest Item ]"emalea T R U R R R R R T R U areas 2 3 5 Ij 7 9 10 11 12 13 rOTAL LlVE-STOCK 510,673 490,960 19,713 49,284 106,79-1 79,776 102,539 72,698 97,322 77,609 19,713 2,260 r CATTLE f 325,7'J3 313,249 10,484 34,574 37,+3+ 57,036 75,-Li9 -11,863 37,835 47,351 1O,-IIH 1,512 M 10+,058 101,559 2,499 8,525 23,633 21,782 17,705 1-1:,894 17,107 14-,608 2,-1:99 412 F 221.675 213,690 7,985 26,047 33,1l21 35,254 57,73+ 26,971 40,728 32,743 7,981 1,100 (a) Maleso,;erthreeyear, T 5+,~j8 33,4+2 916 -1:,069 13,3~() 12,U08 5,799 7,787 9,131 8,215 9ll) 108 (I) Used for breeding only 1,044 1,013 31 117 228 152 2-ltl 103 160 129 31 (11) Used lor breeding and work both 1,259 1,239 20 87 374 1+2 79 241 335 315 20 ,lll) Used for work only T 49,300 48,471 829 3,708 14,012 11,145 5,145 6,890 8,307 7,478 829 93 (a) Castrated +5,966 45,174 792 3,441 12,97:L 10,475 4,923 6,296 7,775 6,983 792 84 (b) Un castrated 3,334 3,297 37 '1.67 1,040 670 2:.!2 594 532 4095 37 9 (1 v) Bulls and bullocks over three years not in use for brecdmg or work 2,755 2,719 36 187 782 629 327 493 329 293 36 8 ,b) temales over three years T 139,511 134,249 5,262 16,325 21,262 22,263 36,445 16,744 25,853 20,591 j,262 619 (I) Breedmg COWl> T 137,354 132,224 5,130 16,034 20,822 21,941 36,128 16,499 25,319 20,189 5,1~ 611 (a) In mtlk ... 7,23b 44,707 2,529 5,371 6,931 6,578 12,467 6,159 9,523 6,994 2,529 207 ,b) Dr) 64,808 62,856 1,952 7,112 9,957 10,510 17,581 7,779 11,589 9,637 1,952 280 \c) ]\;ot calved e\en once 25,310 24,661 649 3,551 3,934 4,853 6,080 ~,5bl 4,207 3,558 b*9 124 til) Uows over three years used for work only 659 37 ':'9 110 103 291 234 57 (Ill) Cows over thre( years not in use lor worh. or breeui.ag purpose, 1,4Yl> 1,+23 75 232 330 273 214 199 243 168 75 7 (e) Young 5tock r 131,864 127,558 4,30b 14,178 20,796 22,705 33,215 17,334 22,851 18,545 4,306 785 M 49,700 48,117 1,583 4,456 8,237 9,714 11,906 7,107 7,976 6,393 1,583 304 F 82,164 79,441 2,723 9,722 12,55~ 12,991 21,309 10,227 14,875 12,152 2,723 481 tl) Under one yeal r b4,889 62,121 2,768 6,988 10,692 9,706 16,013 8,667 12,528 9,760 2,768 293 M 28,483 27,272 1,211 2,810 4,653 4,565 7,125 3,960 3'/225 4,014- 1,211 145 F 36,406 34,849 1,557 4,178 6,039 3,141 8,890 +,7U7 7;S03 5,746 1,557 148

\U} One to three )""1' r 66,975 65,437 1,538 7,190 10,104 12,999 17,200 l>,667 10,323 8,785 1,538 49,2 .\1 21,217 20,845 372 1,646 3,584 5,149 4,781 3,147 2,751 2,379 372 159 F 45,758 44,592 1,166 5,544 6,520 7,850 12,419 -1,52U 7,572 6,406 1,16b 333 II BUFFALOES r 28,363 27,128 1,235 2,706 7,233 2.628 3,410 7,551 4,728 3,493 1,235 107 M 16,635 16,385 250 907 6,340 1,718 659 J,357 1,586 1,336 250 68 F 11,728 10,743 985 1,799 893 910 2,751 2,194 3,142 2,157 985 39 tal Males o~erthree)eal'S T 14,83U 14,714 116 700 6,104 1,536 348 4,918 1,161 1,043 116 63 (1) Used for breeding only 176 164 12 22 27 21 35 40 30 18 12 ll) Used for breedmg and work both 303 25 25 98 38 33 illl) Used 1'01 work only r 13,776 13,099 77 610 5,846 1,423 239 4,597 999 922 77 6~ (a) Ua.crated 12,027 11,963 64 515 5,:.:6b 1,:.tQ5 164 3,995 831 767 6,* 51 lb) Uncastrated 1,749 1,736 13 95 580 "18 75 602 168 155 IJ II

* ::ioul'ce:-Departmem of Arumal HUlbAlldry, Ktraia Appeadix 8

LJVP..8TOCK AND POULTRY-LIVE-STOCK CENSUS, 1961-contd.

Karuna- Kottara- Kunna- Patha- Pathana- Total Quilon District gapally kara thur namthiUa puram Quilon taluk Malea ,-__----A.. ___.., taluk taluk taluk taluk taluk ,----...A..---~Forelt Item Femalea T R U R R R R R T R U areas 2 3 + 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14

( IV) Bulls and bullocks over three years not In use for breeding or work ';75 22 23 159 67 183 72 22 (b) Females over three years T 9,300 8,509 791 1,461 698 741 2,161 1,735 2,468 1,677 791 36 (i) Breeding cows T 8,933 8,153 780 1,380 668 692 2,098 1,674 2,385 1,605 780 36 (a) In Milk 3,826 3,340 486 518 215 255 911 747 1,175 689 486 5 (b) Dry 3,717 3,478 239 546 331 306 883 -723 904 665 239 2. (c) Not calved evenQnce 1,390 1,335 316 122 131 304- 204- 306 251 55 7 (il) Cows over three years used for work only 237 2 56 21 29 36 50 2 (iii) Cows over three years not in use for work or breed~ ing purpose& 128 119 9 25 9 20 16 25 33 24- 9 (c:) Young stock: T 4-,233 3,905 328 545 4-31 351 901 898 1,099 771 328 8 1,805 1,671 134- 207 236 182 31 I 439 425 291 13<{- 5 F 2,4-28 2,234 194- 338 195 169 ')90 459 674 480 194- 3

(i) Under one year T 2,377 2,118 259 316 226 168 486 435 740 481 259 6 M 1,055 939 116 142 99 84 197 211 319 203 116 3 F 1,322 1,179 143 174 127 84 289 224 421 278 143 3

(ii) One to threc years T 1.85b 1,787 69 229 205 183 415 463 359 290 69 2 M 750 732 18 65 137 98 114 :.!28 106 88 18 2 F 1,106 1,05.5 51 164- 68 65 301 235 253 202 51

III SHEEP T 5,841 5,365 476 531 72 413 2,942 1,121 747 271 476 15 (i) Up to one-year 1,690 1,615 75 159 17 62 891 -U5 137 62 75 9 (ii) Over onc year T +,151 3,750 401 372 55 351 2,051 706 610 209 401 6 M 428 404 24- 44 5 77 161 74 67 43 24 F 3,723 3,346 377 328 50 274 1,890 632 543 166 377 6 IV GOATS T 1+9,645 142,228 7,417 11,447 42,011 19,691 20,373 22,150 33,351 25,934 7,417 622 (i) Up to one year 50,576 47,909 2,667 3,999 15,732 6,396 5,339 7,801 11,132 8,4-65 2,667 117 (ii) Over one year T 99,069 94-,319 4,750 7,H8 26,279 13,295 15,034 14,349 22,:219 17,469 4,750 #5 M 16,410 15,4-l7 993 1,404 4,677 2,292 1,922 2,171 3,864 2,871 993 80 F 82,6)9 78.902 3,757 6,044 21,602 11,003 13,112 12,178 18,355 14,598 3,757 365

V HORSES AND 'PONIES T 4 3 2 M F :2 2 3 I 2 Ca) Overtbr« yean T 2 2 3 I 2 }II F 4 2 2 3 2 (b) Young atock: T

99 Appendix: 8

jUVE-STOGK AND POULTRY-LIVE-STOCK CENSUS, 1961_ncld.

Karuna- Kottara- Kunna- Patha- Pathana- Total QUllon District gapally kara thur namthitta puram QUllon taluk Males ,- taluk ta1uk taluk taluk taluk ,------"- FOlCIt Item Females T R U R R R R R T R U areal

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1"

VI MULES T (a) Up to threc years (b) Overthreeyeacs - - VII PIGS 1,086 987 99 28 24 8 354 10 658 559 99 -4- POULTRY T 813,666 772,688 40,978 84,!62 1164,769 111,769 161,180 108,814 174,617 133,639 iO,978 1,755

I FOWLS T 807,726 767,575 40,151 83,600 164,194 111,037 165,597 108,644 172,904 132,753 40,151 1,75& Desi 774,339 739,269 35,070 78,267 157,772 107,346 160,859 105,310 163,040 127,970 35,070 1,7.$ Improved 33,387 28,306 5,081 5,333 6,422 3,691 4,738 3,334 9,864 4,783 5,081 5 (a) Hens Desl 454,512 434,926 19,586 43,024 94,173 66,418 99,627 57,687 92,710 73,124 19,586 875 Improved 16,208 13,567 2,641 2,448 2,957 1,960 2,302 1,608 4,930 2,289 2,641 3 (b) Cockb DOSl 85,810 81,1O:! 4,708 5,234 17,940 10,481 19,552 13,080 19,233 14,525 4,708 290 Improved 5,630 4,962 668 647 1,272 639 974 709 1,389 721 668 (c) Chicken DCIU 234,017 223,241 10,776 30,009 4.3,059 30,447 fl,080 34,543 51,097 40,321 10,776 5st Improved 11,549 9,777 1,772 2,238 2,193 1,092 1,462 1,017 3,545 1,773 1,772 2 II DUCKS T 5,518 4,7L4 794 1,141 366 653 1,528 154 1,671 877 794 5 (a) Duck 3,799 3.367 432 686 230 384 1,300 73 1,126 094 432 (btDrakcs 952 694 258 156 60 130 206 43 357 99 258 (c) Ducklings 767 b63 104 299 70 139 22 38 168 84 104 !j III OTHERS 422 389 33 21 209 79 5.3 16 42 9 33 -

100 Appendix 9

AGBlCULTUllAL MACHlNERY AND lMPLEMENTS-LlVE-STOCK CENSUS 1961.

Oil Electric engines pumps Sugartane crushers with for ~pumps irriga- PerSIan Tractors Ghanis Total Ploughs Worked Worked for irriga- tion wheels r-~~ Rural ~ by by tion pur- or Govern- 5 seers less than District/Taluk Urban Wooden Iron Carts power bullocks purposes poses rhats ment Pnvate and more 5 seers 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14

Quilon Dl&trict T 51,355 1,544 2,295 4 217 28 22 341 4 99 213 R 50,664 1,521 2,215 4 214 28 13 338 1 92 199 U 691 23 80 3 9 3 3 7 14

1arunagapalIy taluk T 6,694 1,298 208 2 19 239 14 36 R 6,694 1,298 208 2 19 239 14 36 U

T 14,812 89 485 7 8 33 Kottarakara " 2 R 14,812 89 485 7 2 8 33 U

T 10,679 56 383 17 13 6 11 Xunnathur " R 10,679 36 383 17 13 6 II U Pathanamthitta T 3,805 II 345 3 135 6 20 5 12 " R 3,805 II 345 3 135 6 20 5 12 U

Pathanapuram T 8,144- 20 287 49 2 5 6 2 11 " R 8,144- 20 287 49 2 5 6 2 II U -r. Q,rilon T 7,175 70 586 7 14 61 4 64 110 R 6,484 47 506 4 5 58 57 96 U 691 23 80 3' 9 3 3 7 14 FOl'est areas 46

*Source:-Department of Animal Husbandry, Kerala

101 Appendis 10 COLLEGES FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1960-61*

No. of students living Strength of students No. of teachers in college hosteli Established Courses of Name 0 £Institution in study Total Men Women Full time Part time Total Men Wornell

Arts and Science eon.- Private Sree Narayana College, 1948 Pre-Uty. 1,555 I,m 156 80 134- lU Quilon B.A., M.A. (Pol.) B.Sc., B.Com. 2 Fatima Mata National 1951 Pre-Uty. 1,278 931 347 53 210 150 College, Qj1ilon B.A., B.Sc., B.Com. 3 Catholicate College, 1952 Pre-Uty. 771 517 254 36 55 33 2% Pathanamthitta B.A., B.Sc. 4 Sree Narayana College 1951 Pre-Uty. 616 616 3i 100 lOS for Women, Quilon B.A., B.Sc. 5 St. Thomas College, 1953 Pre-Dty. 683 H2 241 42 12 12 Kozhencherry B.A., B.Sc.

Professional Colleges

Pnvale 6 Thangalkunju Musaliar 1958 Pre-Prof. 473 473 33 290 290 College of Engineering, (Engg.), Quilon B.Sc. (Engg.), (Civil, Elect. & Mecha.) 7 Mt. Tabor Training College, 1960 B.Ed. 100 77 23 6 30 16 Ii- Pathanapurarn S1Ii 8 Karmala Rani Training 1960 B.Ed. 121 66 55 6 26 4- 22 College, Quilon

.Source :-Uni'ITersity of Kerala

Appendix 11 TECIfNlCAL INSTITUTIONS·

Strength of students Strength of teachers r- Year Name of Institution, Course of study Boys Girls Men Women Private 1957-58 Sree Narayana~Polytechnic, I Year Diploma Course 120 4+9t Kottiyam, Quilon 1958-59 I ., 115 10+5 t " II " 115 " .~J 1959-60 I " IIi- .. II " 113 18 III " " 114 .~} 1960-61 I 122 " II " 122 23 III " " 104 " " i} Government 1960-61 Junior Technical~School, Secondary-cum-Technical Educatic n 58 2 8 Adoor of three years duration - *Source:-Department of Technical EducatIOn, Kerala t Denotes part-time Teachers

102 Appendix 12 NUMBER OF PERSONS TREATED FOR THE PERIOD 1951-52 TO 1960-61*

Type of Institution Details 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61

Hospitals Number 2 2 2 2 S 3 3 4 5 5 Number of } Out-door 164,664 157,045 150,067 148,932 226,243 226,243 246,842 326,842 328,254 350,075 persons treated Indoor 15,532 H,965 13,894- 15,254 85,282 85,282 96,285 97,283 35,906 42,202

Dispensaries Number 10 10 11 12 17 22 23 23 27 30 Number of } Out-door 213,734 261,898 319,072 392,377 398,261 468,928 552,207 624,022 625,198 735,706 persons treated Indoor 3,523 4,261 5,015 4,571 2,982 3,012 3,128 2,182 8,854 8,616

*Source :-Department of Health Services, Kerala

Appendix 13 RURAL SANITATION FOR THE PERIOD 1950-51 TO 1959-60*

Items 1950-51 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-69 No. of wells constructed No. of wells cleaned and repaired 12 12 17 10 8 11 15 19 16 17 No. of borehole latrines put up 22 20 39 45 40 ~20 22 18 62 78 No. of other type of latrines put up 282 412 332 364 377 429 612 755 564 790 No. of markets inspected 114- 166 187 154 138 112 232 196 219 314 No. of fairs and festivals for which sanitary arrangements were made 13 13 15 11 13 13 45 47 63 68 No. of offences detected under Public Health Act 24 57 95 56 54 58 72 118 115 126 No. of offenders convi<;ted 1

*Source-Departrnent of Health Services, Kerala:

Appendix 14

AN'I1-ADULTERATION ACTIVITIES FOR THE PERIOD 1950-51 TO 1960-61*

Total No. of Number of cases Fines realised Total No. of reported Year samples used adulterated Prosecutions Disposed Convicted Total Average amount Rs. Rs. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1950-51 114 48 44 1951-52 110 48 53 1952-53 141 56 47 47 775 17 1953-54 175 73 74 67 67 1,130 17 1954-55 135 43 44 47 1,163 1955-56 76 13 33 29 26 1,340 52 1956-57 119 33 23 13 12 1,350 113 1957-58 300 69 49 35 33 1,200 37 1958-59 320 55 65 55 55 4,620 84- 1959-60 302 45 42 51 32 2,620 82 1960-61 306 53 34 51 21 3,695 176

*Source:-Department of Health Services, Kerala

103 10614198 A Appendix 15 POLYMETRIC TABLE OF DISTANCES

(In miles and furlongs) I NATIONAL HlGHWAY-47

Oachira Karunaga· Sankara· Neenda- Chathan- pally IIIal}galam Chavara kara Quilon Kottiyam noor Paripally (3-1) Oachira 5-6 10-4 12"() 15-0 20-2 24-0 27·2 32-1 Kayamkulam Alleppey (32-1) Ayiramthengu (3·0)

Karunaga- 6-2 9·2 14-4 18-2 21-4 26-3 KarunagapaJly R.S. (1-2) pally Maruthurku1angara (2-4) Kallumuttilkadavu (2-4) Sa~thamcottah (7.0)

Sankara- 1-4 4-4 9-6 13-4 16-6 21-5 mangalam Chavara 3"() 8-2 12-0 15·2 20-1 Norwegian Project: (1-7) Sasthamcottah R.S. (5-4) Pattakadavu (5-7)

Neendakara 5-2 9-0 12-2 17-1 Quilon 3-6 7-0 11-7 Quilon R. S. Kundara (8"()(0-3~ Kottarakara (16·5 Puna1ur (27-4) Shencottah (59·1)

Kottiyam 3-2 8·1 Kundara (7-3) Mayyanad (3-2)

Chathannoor 4-7 Paravoor (6·0)

Paripally Paravoor Nilamel (6-4! Madathurai ~~~ Navaikulam (2-6 Trivandrum (29-4

D MAIN CENTRAL ROAD

Kottara- Chadaya- Sadananda- kara Nilamel mangalam Ayoor Valakam puram (PuIamonJn.) Enath Adur Pandalam

Nilamel 4·0 6·0 11-4 13-6 17-2 24-2 30-1 36-4 Kilimanur (3-7~ Trivandrum ~29-0 Paripally 10-3~ Madathara (10-3 \ Chadaya- 2-0 7-4 9-6 13-2 20-2 26-1 32-4 P3l11ickal (6-1) mangalam Ayoor 5-4 7-6 11-2 18-2 24-1 30-4 Anchal (4-1) Punalur (11-6) Kulathupuzha (16-1) OyOPr (8-3) Ithikkara (14-7)

Valakam 2-2 5·6 12·6 18-5 25-0 OJ

Sadananda- 3·4 10-4 16-3 22-6 puram Kottarakara 7-0 12-7 19-2 Kundara (8-5) (PulamonJn.) Quilon (16.5! Punalur (10-7 Shencottah (42-4

Enath 5·7 12-2

Adur 6·3

Pandalam Mavelikkara (1l.2l Aranmula (7·0 Chengannur (8-0~ Kottayam (30-5

104 Appenm 15 POLYMETRIC TABLE OF DISTANCES-concld. (In miles and furlongs) m Q.un.ON-ARIENKAVU-SHENCOTTAH ROAD

Kottara- Kottara- kara Qpiloo KiljJro!1tU' Kundara Ethukone kara ~amon In.) Kunnikkode Pwlalur Thenmala Arienkavu

Qpilon B-5 8-() 11-2 15-5 16-5 23-1 28-1 41·3 49-4 . Trivandrum (41-3) Alleppey (52·3) 7-5 12-0 13-0 19-4 244 37-6 45-7 Kundara 3-2 7-5 8-5 15-1 20-1 33·3 41-4 Kottiyam (7-3)

Ezhukone 4-3 5-3 11-7 16-7 30-1 38-2 Kottarakara 1-0 7-4 12-4 25-6 33-7 Kottarakara R.S. (0-5) Sasthamcotta (13-0) Velinallur (9-4) Ayoor (19-0) Kottarakara 6-4 11-4 '24-6 32-7 Kottayam (49-7) (PulamonJn.) Trivandrum (46-2) Kunnikkode 5-0 18-2 26-3 Pathanapuram Konni Kurnbazha Pathanamthitta (21-1~ft-i}l Kozhencherry (14-7 Ranni (28-5 Chalakayam (60-1 Punalur 13-2 21-3 Anchal (7-5 Ayoor (11-6 Pathanapuram (8-4 Pattazhi (20-2 Adoor (18-4 Kayamkulam (35-0 Konni (18-0 Kumbazha (23-0 Pathanamthitta Ranni Kozhencherry {32-6~~~l Chalakayam (63-4

Thenmala 8-1 Kulathupuzha (6-4) Nedumangad (34-7) Trivandrum (46-0) Arienkavu Arienkavu Pass (1-4) Shencottah (9-5) Shencottah R.S. (10-2) Achencoil (26-5)

105 Appendix 16

FACILITIES AT VARIOUS RAILWAY STATIONS *

Distance from Parcell Quilon cloak Advance Tele- Free Rallway Station Waiting room Plat- booking gram! clean- Medical Refresh. Name of Railway ~ room facili- facili- form facili- Stret- Tele- ing Book- facili- ment Station km. miles ties nes tickets ties chers phone services stalls ties stalls 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 • METRE GAUGE

Quilon..shencottah Section

Quilon 0 0 U,U(L) PL,a,OA P S TL,TP Fas B FAE V Kilikollur 6 3 III PL Kundara 13 8 III PL TL Ezhukone 18 11 III PL Kottarakara 26 15 U,III PL TL Avaneeswaram 38 23 III PL TL Punalur 45 28 D,II! PL TL FAE V Edaman 54 33 PL TL Tenmalai 67 41 U,III PL TL Aryankavu 80 49 III PL TL

Trivandrwn-Ernakulam Section Paravur 13 8 III PL TL V Mayyanad 8 6 III PL Valanthangal Halt Quilon 0 0 D,U(L) PL,C,OA P S TL,TP FaS B FAE V Perinad 9 6 III PL Sasthankottah 20 12 III PL KarunagapaJly 27 17 III PL Oachira 35 22 III PL

U-Upper class FCS-Free Cleaning Service U (L)-Upper class (Ladies) B-Book stalls III-Third class FAE-First Aid EquiJ:h! PL-Parcel facilities V-Vegetarian R ent Room OA-Out Agency P-Platform ti~ets C-Cloak room facilities S-Stretchers *Source:-Divisional Superintendent (Commercial), Madurai

106 Appendix 17

LIST OF POST OFFICES *

As on 1951-52

1 Adur C.H.O. ...3 Mayyanad 2 ARchal S.O. 46 Mukathala 3 Angadi S.O. 47 Mylapra 4 Avaneeswaram 48 Narananganam 5 Ayathil 49 Nedumgolam 6 Ayur 50 Nedumpana 7 Chadayamangalam 51 Neendakara 8 Chathannoor S.O. 52 Nilamel 9 Chavara Bridge 53 Oachira S.O. 10 Chavara C.S.O. 54 Omallur 11 Chavara South 55 Oynl' 12 Chenazheekal 56 Parakode S.O. 13 Chithara 57 Pal'avoor C.S.O. 14 Clappana E.D.S.O. 58 Paripally 15 East Kallada 59 Pathanamthitta. 16 Edamon 60 Pathanapuram S.O. 17 Elamannoor 51 Pattazhl 18 Elanthur 62 Perlllad S.O. 19 EraVlpuram 63 Pooyapalh 20 Eroor 64 Poruvazhi 21 Ezhuk011e 65 Pulamon 22 Kadakkal S.O. 66 Punalur 23 Kadamanitta 67 Puthur 24 Kadambanad 68 QUllon Bazaar S.O. 25 Kalpattur S.O. 69 Quilon Cutcherry C.S.O. 26 KalanjoOl 70 QuilonH.O. 27 Kalthuruthy S.O. 71 Ranni S.O. 28 Karunagapally S.O. 72 Ranni-Perinad S.O. 29 Keekozhur 73 Sadanandapuram 30 KIlikolluI' 74 Sastamcottah 31 Konni S.O. 75 Suranad 32 Kottarakara 76 TangasselY 33 Kottiyam 77 Thadiyur 34 Kozhenchern C.S.O. 78 Thazhava 35 Kulakada E.D.S.O. 79 Thenmala E.D.S.O. 36 Kulasekharapuram 80 Thevalakara S.O. 37 Kulathupuzha 81 Todiyur 38 Kummil 82 Uhtimood 39 Kundara C.S.O. 83 Vadakkevlla 40 Kunnicode 84 Vadassellkara S.O. 41 Mailam 85 Vaiakam 42 IVfakkapuzha 86 Valhkunnam 43 ::-'Iangad 87 Vettikavala 44 ]\iam othul'uth 88 W.:<;t Kallada

Opea«l daring 1952-53

1 AlumpeeThalavoor

Opened during 1953-54

1 Chazhikode 5 Kankulam 2 ChittaI' 6 Nellikala '3 Edakulam 7 Thattayij 4 Kallely 8 Vallicode

Opened during 1954-55

1 Adichanalloor 3 Ettichuvadu 2 Cbandanapally 4 Mallassery

107 A.ppendb: 17

USTjOF POST OFFlCES*-{eontd.)

Opened duriDc 1955-56

Angadical SOUtA 17 Malayalapuzha Eram .2 Asram8m 18 Malayalapuzha Tha3ham 3 Bhoothakulam 19 Mundakkal 4 C,ncrukulanjl 20 Naranamoozhi 5 Elampal 21 Numpalam pOlka. {) Idappavur 22 Odanavattom 7 llakollur 23 Panmana 8 Kanjavely 24 Punnakad 9 Kappil Last 25 Thadicad 10 Karakkad 26 Thonmamala II Kar<~mcode 27 Thudayannur 12 KaravaloOl' 28 Thuruthikara 13 Kattur 29 Vakayar '4 Kavanad S.O. SO Vayalathala 15 Kundara East 31 Vettoorkumbazha !6 Kuzhimathikad 32 Vilakkuvattom

Opeaed duriDg 1956-57

1 Chandanathope 10 Mulavana 2 Chennapettah 11 Nallila 3 Cheppara 12 Nellikamon 4 Cheriyavelinalloor 13 Nellikunnam 5 Idakkadom 14 Pazhakulam 6 Kazhuthuruthy - Market 15 Prakanam 7 Maloor 16 Pu11upuram 8 Mathoor 17 Puthenkulam 9 Munkundapuram 18 Theppupara

Opeaed dariDg 1957-58

1 Ezhamkulamj 5 Thamarakudy 2 Madamon 6 Thariah - Nagar 3 Patharam 7 Thuvayur Smith 4- Pattathanam S.O.

Opened daring 1951-59

1 Alumoodu 26 Kureepuzha 2 Angadical Korth 27 Madathara 3 Areeplachy 28 Mancode 4 Ar)ancavu 29 Mannady 5 Athirinkal 30 Mathira 6 Avaneowaram R.::'. 31 Mavadi 7 Ayirakuzhi 32 Nediyara 8 Ayiravan 33 Nedumpaikulam 9 Bharathipuram 34 Neduvancavu 10 Chellakad 35 Padappakkara 11 Chengamanad In. 36 Pallimon 12 Cheruvocal 37 Panayam 13 llamad 38 Parakuttom 14 lrumpanangad 39 Pavumba 15 Kaithaparambu 40 Perumkulam 16 Kaithkode 41 Poredom 17 Kalakode 42 Punnala 18 Karali In. 43 Thattamala 19 Karimpinpuzha 44 Thevalapuram 20 Karukone 45 Ummannur 21 Karunagapally N0r1h 46 Vadakumthala East 22 Koivila H Vayakkal 23 Kottahala 48 Vayyanam 24 Kottukal 49 Vazhamuttom .25 Kumbazha 30 Veliy.am

108 Appendix 17

LIST OF POST OFFICES"'~crllcld.

Opened during 1959-60

1 AllnallUl 18 l'attamthuruthu 2 Chelikuzhy 19 Perumpuzha 3 Chemmakad 20 Pu thanambalam 4 Chethakkal 21 Puthenthura 5 Elampazhannut 22 Qrnlon Taluk Cutchelry 6 Koduvtla 23 Saktlukulangara 7 Kottavattom 24 Sreevatdhanam Market 8 Kunnathur East 25 Talaclura 9 Kura 26 Thattakdt Market 10 Manchallur 27 Thekkumbhagom 11 i\1athtlil 28 Thmgal karikom 12 Mekkozhut 29 T.K.!\i. College S.O. 13 Miyannur 30 Vadakedathukavu In. 14 Neelesv.aram 31 Valathullgal 15 Nettayam 32 Valhcode 16 Oorukunnu 33 Vayala 17 Pathanapuram 34 Yellchempu

Opeaed duriag 196()..61

AchenCOlI 17 Madatlu1 Karam_a 2 Aduthala 18 Mailode 3 Alayamon 19 Manniram In. 4- Alumkadavu 20 MarUI 5 Ambalathumbhagom 21 Melukala 6 Ayilara 22 Murmjakkal 7 Edamulakkal 23 Njakanal 8 Edapallikotta 24 Oonaka\u 9 Kalluvathukal In. 25 Pallicakal - KTA. 10 Kanjirakode 26 PlatchellY 11 Kannanalloor 27 Ponmana 12 Karmatta - Adur 28 Prayar 13 Kattilkadavu 29 RamankuJangara 14 Kizhakketheruvu 30 Vakkanad 15 Kizhakkupuram 31 Varavila 16 Kuthirapanthy 32 Vellimon

"'oource:-Director of Posts and Telegraphs, Kerala Circle

Appendix 18

CONNECTIONS PROVIDED FROM TELEPHONE EXCHANGESx

1950·51 1951·52 1952·53 1953·54 1954·55 1955·56 1956-57 1957·58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 Name of ~ ~ r---Jo_-v--A.--v--J---v--"--~~--"~-y--.A...--v-~ ~,-~ Exchange jDED ED ED ED ED E DE DE DEDED E

QJ.iilon 2 ._; 118 (-)2 55 (-)3 52 14 50 8 38 24 79 20 19 (-)6 109 (-)3 130 4 179 & Punalur 7(-)4 4- 4 .. (-)2 (-)2 I 10' 2 3(-)1 5 1 3 Kundara 2 (-)2 (-)3 2 8(-)3 (-)2 5 6 3 2 3 4(-)3 2 4 Paravool { Cltavara 5 3 Kozhencherry

*Source:-Director of Posts and Telegraphs, Kerala Circle D--D,rect connectJOlb E-EKtenslOll from direl-t conneC\IOIl

109 AppeacUz

ANNUAL AVDAGE EARNINGS OF WORKMEN

1950-51 i951-52 1952·53 1953-54 Typt: of NQUlenclature Whether skilled ~ Industry of work or unskilled M F C M F C M F C M F C :? 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Cashe,v RoastIng Skdled 250 265 '1.70 280 Shellmg Semiskilled } Peeling 200 ISO 210 170 240 200 260 220 Grading " " PlantatioL TapplIlg Slulled 170 200 240 300 Field work Unskilled 125 135 150 170 Ceramic Skilled 400 450 470 500 350 4 Starch " 325 375 WO 425 470 5 AluminIUm " 500 525 U Tiles Press 300 350 400 425 Blacksmith 450 450 " 500 515 Engme driver 500 500 500 515 Kiln sellen 425 425 425 430 Tile conveyen 300 275 300 275 300 275 300 275 7 Saw MiIIJ Saw bench 250 300 325 350 Handsaw 900 900 900 900 Cross cutter 575 600 610 700 8 OilMilla 250 300 325 350 9 Paper IndUltry Digest section 300 300 300 350 Beater section 350 350 350 375 " Pulper 370 370 370 " 400 Checking&counter 370 370 370 400 Engine ddvel' 600 600 10 Rice Mill " 600 644- Yard workers 400 300 400 300 400 300 480 300 11 Engineering Fitter 700 720 720 740 Turner 700 720 72Q 720 12 Printing Compomor 5i5 575 600 640 Binder {;)() 475 500 :J#.l

"'Source - D<'partmen t of La hour. Kerala

110 l'

IN A. CATEGORY OF WORK FOR THE PERIOD 1950-51 TO 1960-61*

1954-55 195,)-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 ~,~ ~ ,---A..---., ~ 1\1 F... C~ M F C M F C M F C 1\1 F C IV1 F C M F C 't'~~y _'.f 16 17 . 18·h_ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 3{ 35 36

~ "'_t 300 " .. r 32,S 350 4")0 350 650 770

280 250 300 260 325 275 {10 290 {7O 300 490 350 580 420

310 3'r~J 350 375 400 430 460 180 210 250 310 350 360 387 550 580 600 650 750 1,000 .. 1,150 450 500 550 575 650 7')0 825 550 580 625 700 800 1,050 1,860 1-50 460 470 490 510 650 1,000 515 515 515 700 720 750 750 515 515 515 7UO 720 750 750 .of.SO 430 430 600 600 650 650 300 275 300 285 315 280 315 300 360 300 400 325 400 325 .. 370 400 4:25 475 500 575 800 960 960 980 980 1,000 .. 1,020 1,050 700 700 720 720 720 760 760 370 400 425 475 575 675 300 350 350 315 315 450 450 450 375 375 , 400 400 500 300 500 400 400 400 300 550 550 550 400 400 400 500 550 550 550 .. 650 675 680 680 680 690 700 495 310 -1-95 310 SOU 325 505 320 515 320 51,\ 320 515 320 .. 800 800 825 960 960 960 .. 1000 730 .. \ 775 775 800 850 900 950 640 64U 720 720 760 760 16r) 660 700 56,) 6QO, 600 600 70U

III Appeadb:20

HANDICRAFI'S*

Name of centre Name ofcraR Materials used Particulars of products 2 3 4

1 Thazhava Screw-pine weaving, embroidery Screw-pine leaves Fine mats of various sizes, coloured and plane 2 Oachira ( work on screwpine fine mats with edges knotted by coloured leaf splits, embroidered bags, hats, belts, purses, tea cosies, lunch sets. etc. 3 Kottarakara Weaving (Vegetation crafts) Cane and rattan, bamboo Chl1irs, tables, teapoys, bags, baskets etc. of and reed, palm leaf cane mats and baskets of bamboo and reed mats of palmyra leaf 4 Qillon town Cane work, metal ware, hand­ Cane and rattan, copper Ch.ours, tables, teapoys, settees, bags, baskets printing, musical instrumentl, and tin, clothes, dyes, etc., lamps, varpu, household utensils etc. embroidery wood and metal stamp, Hand printed pillow covers, bed spread!i etc .• threads and also embroidered items, veena, harmonium 5 Ranni Cane work (Weaving) Cane and rattan Chairs, tables, ;teapoys, bags, baskets, settees etc. 6 Pullichira Embroiderv Cotton, coloured threads Embroidered pillow cases, cushion covers, bed- spreads, table clothes

7 Eravipuram Kora gras~ weaving Kora grass Mats 8 Veliyam Bamboo and reed Bamboo and reed Mats and baskets 9 Punalur Cane and rattan work Cane. rattan, reed, bamboo Chairs, tables, baskets of cane, mats and baskets of bamboo 10 Kundara Bamboo work Bamboo Mats and baskets 11 Perinad Straw and bark work Straw, barks of wood etc. Scenery by fixing pieces of straw and bark •• cardboard

*Source~-Department of Indmtries and Commerce, Kerala

112 App~Ddix 21

NUMBER OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES RESULTING IN WORK STOPPAGES FOR THE PERIOD 1951 TO 1960*

Plantations Cashew Coir Saw Mills r- , No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of workers Mandays No. of workers Mandays No. of workers Mandays No. of workers Mandays Year disputes affected lost disputes affected lost disputes affected lost rusputes affected lost 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1951 17 4,412 2,824 17 8,536 8,836 1952 20 5,600 7,203 20 10,179 10,631 1953 38 3,528 3,528 27 11,812 11,812 1954 49 2,607 12,679 30 16,362 20,186 1955 54 4,536 33,573 37 18,993 19,165 78 161 1956 62 12,421 15,059 32 20,946 18,335 1957 54 2,586 9,075 87 27,268 275,565 1 37 37 30 120 1958 199 8,254 53,307 105 28,039 50,755 2 84 84 7 14 .1~59 219 8,541 40,751 185 73,621 70,763 3 114 114 3 181 2,391 1960 88 12,523 87,592 134 105,839 673,101 2 48 240 13 587 3,395

Textiles Tiles Others Total r- No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of workers M,ilndays No. of workers Mandays No. of workers Mandays No. of workers Mandays disputes affected lost disputes affected lost disputes affected lost disputes affected lost 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

4 535 1,095 38 13,483 12,755 8 232 2,304 48 16,011 20,138 14 141 705 79 15,481 16,045 24 306 1,847 103 19,275 34,712 750 1,163 2 306 7,062 17 310 2,524 112 24,973 63,648 1 872 872 13 212 1,648 108 34,451 35,914 900 17,100 3 329 764 33 1,139 9,811 180 32,289 312,472 1\ 35 35 17 1,691 3,941 34 695 4,800 359 38,805 112,936 1 34 34 14 1,093 14,721 41 1,047 10,600 466 84,631 139,374 1 738 738 38 3,685 63,218 33 2,769 12,746 309 126,189 841.030

*Source :_:_Department of Labour, Kerala

113 106[4198 A Appendix 22

NUMBER OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES RESULTING IN WORK STOPPAGES BY CAUSES FOB. THE PERIOD 1951 TO 1960*

By Causes

Total No. of Hours of Year disputes Bonus Wages Personnel Retrenchment Leave work Others

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1951 38 21 4 4 8 1952 48 25 9 4 4 5 1953 .. 72 25 17 4 6 4 15 1954 103 36 29 10 10 5 12 1955 112 40 32 8 2 9 8 13 1956 98 46 18 10 1 9 4 10 1957 180 73 46 20 7 2 1 31 1958 359 131 60 21 13 16 14 104 1959 466 133 82 32 19 27 14 159 1960 477 141 163 29 21 23 16 84

Details of work stoppages Result Method of settlement r- No.of workers No. of Direct normally workers Mandays Unsuc- Partially Concilia- negotla- Adjudi- employed affected lost Successful cessful successful Indefinite tion ~tion cation ethers 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

47,870 13,483 11,755 38 17 9 6 6 190,933 13,663 20,038 44 4- 19 16 3 10 192,334 16,011 16,045 49 23 21 7 44 51,124 19,275 34,712 66 16 14 7 20 65 7 11 53,455 25,073 63,648 69 30 7 6 33 49 13 17 55,001 34,451 35,914 76 18 4 32 5 6 55 45,816 32,289 312,472 119 1 31 29 114 26 36 4- 67,756 38,805 112,936 216 44- 63 36 237 39 48 35 69,070 84,631 139,374 169 40 90 167 264 165 3 34 92,331 126,189 841,030 227 3S 6B 144 290 144 4 39

Source :-Department of Labour, Kerala

114 Appendix 23

(I) NUMBER AND TONNAGE OF VESSELS WlDCU ENTERED WITH CARGO OR IN BALLAST AT KOn.THOTTAM PORT FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES BY NATIONALITIES *

British Greek U.S.A. German Norwegian Libian Italian Dutch Indian Pakistan Swedish ,...... -..A--- ~~ Year No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons. No. Tons No. Tons

1955·56 10 39,809 6 26,703 3 13,990 3,138 1956-57 7 26,570 2 8,108 2 9,354 2 8,234 2 8,670 4,330 1957·58 7 25,937 4,299 315,025 4,362 4,430 1958·59 10 42,609 2 9,472 2 8,778 1959-60 10 42,705 6 29,113 4,816 2 5,641 3,456 5,171 2,607 1960-61 4,795 1 4,992 1 4,448 4,762 5,052 4,448 210,060 2,798

NOtt':-Those ste

(ii) NUMBER AND TONNAGE OF VESSELS WlDCU CLEARED WITH CARGO OR IN BALLAST FROM KOn.THOrrAM PORT TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES BY NATIONALITIES *

Dutch German British U.S.A. Norwegian Indian Yen ,.-----A----, r-----A---.. ~ ~ r----"--., r-----A-~ No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons

1955-56 4 16,292 2 8,024 1956-57 4 15,312 4 18,461 3 11,288 5,121 1957-58 4,430 8 29,137 2,994 1958-59 12 48,877 6 27,473 2 9,472 1959-60 3,358 5 22,924 3 10,693 5,171 1960-61 2 10,060 4,762 1 4,795 4,448 5,052

Panamanian Greek Libian Yugoslavia Honduras ~ ,...... -----"- ~ ~~ No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons

No~:-Those:steam;rs:which:cleared from:this port direct to foreign countnes only are included in this statement. Figures for 1960-61 are up to the end of January 1961 * Source:-Principal~Port Officer, Quilon

10614198 A 115 AppencUs 23 (iii) NUMBER AND TONNAGE OF VESSELS WInCH ENTERED WITH CARGOES OR IN BAI+AST AT QUILON PORT FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES BY NATIONALITIES ...

U.S.A. British Indian Dutch Panamanian Greek r--~ r---...A-----., ,.----...A-----., r--""""'_____' r---..A..--.., r-~ Year No. ToIlS No. Tons No. ToIlS No. ToIlS No. ToIlS No. Tons 1951-52 6 28,246 2 5,069 1957-53 4 18,479 1953-54 6 25,353 4 10,141 1954-55 8 33,166 2 9,902 1955-56 16 69,828 1 1,545 4,541 1956-57 8 31,751 2 ,7,370 3,015 1957-58 9 35,855 3,822 1958-59 6 23,735 4,380 1959-60 l 7,951 1960-61 8 31,917 3 12,057 4,379

Note :-The figures in the above table relate to steamers only. Besides steamers one Indian sailing vessel with cargoes of 136 tons has entered in 1951-52 and another with 115 tons has entered in 1959-60.

(iv) NUMBER AND TONNAGE OF VESSELS WlUCH CLEARED WlTH CARGOES OR IN BALLAST FROM QUD.ON PORT TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES BY NATIONALITIES • .._ Steamers ,. Sailing vessels U.S.A. British Indian Indian

~ Year No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons

1951-52 6 28,249 3,616 2 286 1952-53 4 1889 3 297 1953-54- 10 40,364 105 1~54-55 9 37,062 4,041 1955-56 17 74,369 1 1,933 1 50 1956-57 8 31,751 2 7,370 2 93 1957-58 12 4'1,694 112 1958-59 9 35,765 1959-60 2 7,951 124 1960-61 5 19,873 2 8,533

Nntp,·-In 1951-52 one British ballast had cleared cargoes weighing 4,056 tons in the QliJon por~

(v) TONNAGE OF VESSELS WIllCH ENTERED OR CLEARED WITH CARGOES AT QUUON PORT IN CASTING TRADE BY NATIONALITIES* British Indian ,------"-----. Tonnage Tonnage Year Entered Cleared Entered Cleared 1951-52 8,177 1952-53 13,399 5,216 1953-54 4,944 29,355 1954-55 4,041 7,164- 1955-56 , 4,973 1,933 1956-57 \ 3,001 3,228 1957-58 1-2,941 1,351 1958-59 11,326 1959-60 3,228 -. Snurce:-Principal Port Officer, Quilon

116 Appendix 24 IMPORT INTO THE PORT OF QUILON FOR THE PERIOD 1951-52 TO 1959-60 *

Cashew-nuts Rice Salt Sundries Copra ,- Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Value Quantity Value Year (cwt.) (Rs.) (Tons) (Rs.) (Tons) (Rs.) (Rs.) (cwt.l (Rs.)

1951-52 NA NA 1952-53 .. NA NA 1953-54 92,860 3,832,363 83,448 16,225,010 1954-55 160,520 4,414,654 490 1955-56 348,480 14,218,231 745 41,064 542 1956-57 NA NA 1957-58 206,720 5,353,939 1958-59 303,400 9,238,057 1959-60 187,000 4,853,492 38 1,000 1,080 68,120 (cwt.) (foreign) (foreign)

Appendix 25

Mineral sand --, Year Quantity Value (Tons) (Rs.)

1951-52 1952-53 150,575 8,347,174 1953-54 202,631 11,107,909 1954-55 195,625 11,722,895 1955-56 176,224 10,019,040 1956-57 224,410 13,726,442 1957-58 246,722 15,174,349 1958-59 223,128 13,795,497 1959-60 4,408,060 13,237,372 (cwt.) Note:-The year is taken from July to June and the data furnished is foreign export

(li) EXPORT FROM THE PORT OF QUILON FOR THE PERIOD 1951-52 TO 1958.59 '"

Cashew kernals Wooden manufacture Cashew-nut shell liquid Vegetable oil Wooden canOCI ~ Quantity Value Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Value Year (cwt.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Gals.) (Rs.) (cwt.) (Rs.) (Rs.)

1951-52 14,306 3,370,843 1952-53 15,140 3,472,092 38 866 1953-54 17,563 3,720,016 14,600 1954-55 44,985 7,871,869 3,731 24,185 1955-56 77,048 18,580,984 1956-57 3,478 11,894,500 1957-58 7,457 23,402,400 1958-59 5,223 17,663,119 15,358-

Note.-The year is taken from July to June and the data furnished relate to foreign export only '" Source :-The Principal Port Officer, Quilon

10614198 A 117 AppPidix 26

PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENTS AND PEOPLE'S CONTRIBUTION FOR THE PERIOD 1956-57 TO 1964).61 ,..

Items 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 2 3 4 5 6 1 Compost pits (Nos.) 1,488 3,522 6,189 6,897 11,290 2 Chermcal fertilIzers (Mds.) 7,947 7,939 17,708 35,025 48,873 3 Insecticides (cwts.) 26 100 140 376 464 4 Plants sprayed (Nos.) 389,231 5 Improved seeds (Mds.) 2,192 718 667 1,082 1,241 6 Green manure seeds dIstributed (lb.) 952 672 784 1,511 3,462 7 Green manure cuttmgs (Nos.) 320,282 8 Cocoanut seedlings (Nos.) 5,835 4,473- 16,998- 28,685 26,430 - 1 481 1,053 9 Fertihzer and cultural demonstration (Nos.) 228 465 10 Holdings taken up 719 11 Area under Japanese method of paddy 6,139 cultivatIOn (aCl es) 1,016 2,016 13,627 8,253 12 Quantity of vegetable seeds (lb.) .. 487 13 Area under vegetables (acres.) 779 14 Improved lmplements (Nos.) 86 764 767 794 323 15 Young farmers clubs (Nos.) 33 22 23 11 12 16 Crop competitions held (Nos.) 4 59 18 50 52 17 Persons particIpated (Nos.) 606 18 Breeding celltres-Narural (Nos.) 4 1 2 19 Breeding centres-Artificial (Nos.) 3 3 20 Pedigree bulls supplied (Nos.) 3 4 4 24 21 Insemination-Natural (Nos.) 108 231 513 22 Insemination-Artificial (Nos.) 465 952 1,387 2,851 23 Veterinary dispensaries (Nos.) 3 8 2 24 Animals mnoculated and vaccinated (Nos.) 3,154 4,003 11,299 11,231 21,630 25 Bulls castrated (Nos.) 215 235 1,920 966 1,594 26 Poultry centles opened (Nos.) 9 20 11 30 27 PedIgree birds supplied (Nos.) 53 63- 321 184 1,423 28 Hatching eggs distrIbuted (Nos.) 1,231 702 6,555 5,483 8,233 29 Chicks, hatched and dIstributed (Nos.) 24 30 Poultry treated and vaccinated (Nos.) 15,232 11,403 24,956 15,016 42,314 31 Cattle shows conducted (Nos.) 6 4 32 Q.uantlty of mmeral mixture (Mds.) 580 33 Area under fodder cultivation (acres) 125 34- Area brought under fruit trees (acres) 13 35 MIlk societIes registered 2 Pump sets supphed (Nos.) 5 18 18 36 16 37 Tanks improved (Nos.) ~ 38 Canals and channels contructed (Nos.) 59 39 Net area irngated (acres) 303 1,375 (a) Wells (b) Tanks 311 (c) Canals 572 (d) Others 492 40 Area reclarmed (acres) 4 41 DemonstratlOn plots for soil conservation \ 1 ,2 (Nos.) 101 42 Surface wells constructed (Nos.) 26 68 88 82 Surface wells renovated (Nos.) 50 8 73 70 59 43 2,834 44 FIsherIes & Fmgerlings (Nos.) 1,000 100 10,686 17 23 8S 818 224 45 Soakage PIts (Nos.) 3,932 46 Rurallatrmes (Nos.) 317 1,125 555 799 47 Squattmg slabs supplIed (Nos.) .594 48 Drams constructed (Yds) 17 7,003 4,241 91I 49 Smokeless chulas (Nos.) 41 50 Bathmg ghats (Nos.) ... 7 1 51 Secondary primary health centres (Nos.) 1 8 18 14 1 52 Existmg dlspensanes converted (Nos.) I 53 Mobile health centles (Nos.) 1 54 Maternity and child welfare centres (Nos.) 3 55 Village houses constructed (Nos.) 12 56 Aid given to eXIsting schools (Nos II 103 57 Community recreation centres (Nos.) 2 11 2 ... 58 ChIldren's parks (Nos.) , 7 7 27 11 4 59 Sports clubs (Nos.) 109 71 101 35 50 60 Aid given to sports clubs (Rs.) 1,552 ...... Adults literacy centres (Nos.) 9 26 9 15- 19 61 260 718 62 Adults benefited (Nos.) 342 1,124 1,066 New lIbranes and reading rooms (Nos.) 14 23 65 2 28 63 1,232 1,919 64 Books supplied (Nos.) 587 1,149 4,731 65 Aid given to existmg libraries (Nos.) 40 * 50urce:-Development Department, Kerala 118 Appendix 26

PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENTS AND PEOPLE'S CONTRIBUTION FOR THE PERIOD 1956-57 TO 1960-61-concld.

Items 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 2 3 4 :; fi

66 Entert,llnments (Nos.) 239 225 445 635 670 67 Cultural clubs (Nos.) 14 4 176 18 24- 68 Members (Nos.) 2,802 69 Women's clubs (Nos.) 35 24- 38 32 47 70 MembelS (Nos.) 9,524 71 Aid given to existing clubs (Nos.) 10 72 VIllage leaders organisations (Nos.) 2 38 73 Vilbge leaders camps (Nos.) 8 49 38 47 74 Village leaders trained (Nos.) 2,384 75 NCC, ACC, BSS camps (Nos.) 170 3 8 5 4 76 Cinema ;,hows (Nos.) 143 77 Pucca roads (m.) 5 61 32 78 Katcha roads (m.) 94 63 218 33 31 79 Existing roads improved (m.) 35 80 Culverts (Nos.) 82 31 94 27 9 81 Foot brIdges (Nos.) 4 10 82 Bridges constructed (~os.) 4- 83 Production centles (Nos.) 2 3 5 29 84 Crafts adopted (Nos.) 8 85 Students tta11led \Nos.) 106 86 Bee-hives supplied (Nos.) 256 50 221 490 476 87 Credit '''-fuItIpurpose co-operatIve societies (Nos.) 39 23 8S J\iember, (Nos.) 15,560 2,998 89 Indmtnal co-operatIve socIeties (Nos.) 5 18 43 20 90 Members (Nos.) 1,476 91 Farming co-operatIve societies (Nos.) 3 3 1 92 Members (Nos.) 845 171 93 Other co-operative societies (Nos.) 3 25 42 17 20 94 Members (Nos.) 2,3)1 95 SOCieties reVItalised 8 96 Labour value (Rs. '000) 60.39 218 168 68 63 133 70 97 Land (an"", ' 42.91 23 48 5 99 5.29 98 Land value (Rs. '000) 187.83 77 43 18.47 99 Cash and other contributIOns (Rs. '000) 1769 24 40 20.96 49.00

119 Appeaclix 27

RECEIPTS UNDER EXCISE REVENUE FOR THE PERIOD 1950-.51 TO 1~1.

Total Toddy Arrack and Cocobrandy r-'------~------~ Year D C B D C B D C B 2 3 4 6 7 8 t 10 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.· Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.

1950-51 28,14,592 27,99,369 15,223 9,95,054 9,94,227 827 10,45,122 10,44,219 903 1951-52 30,73,695 30,73,563 132 12,19,272 12,19,140 132 12,81,011 12,81,01l 1952-53 37,78,943 31,87,850 5,91,093 17,94,999 14,81,728 3,13,271 15,58,372 13,15,974 2,+2,398 1953·54 30,34,152 26,75,739 3,58,413 15,47,905 12,92,038 2,55,867 10,23,769 9,22,483 1,01,286 1954.55 24,49,028 23,46,686 1,02,342 12,75,690 12,09,859 65,831 7,23,404 6,88,109 35,295 1953-56 19,73,231 19,63,151 10,080 9,75,235 9,65,545 9,690 5,58,144 5,57,756 388 1956-57 23,70,005 19,96,749 3,73,256 13,27,862 10,39,791 2,88,071 5,77,206 4,92,021 85,185 1957-58 24,37,061 23,88,134 48,927 13,32,258 13,14,125 18,133 7,16,337 6,93,695 22,642 1958-59 25,69,238 24,97,112 72,126 15,43,678 14,82,159 61,519 8,12,564- 8,02,819 9,745 1959-60 25,03,859 25,03,859 14,26,788 14,26,788 9,08,439 9,08,439 1960-61 26,10,496 14,24,394 11,86,102 17,52,100 9,01,581 8,50,519 7,00,150 3,87,117 3,13,033

Foreign Liquor Opium & Ganja Tobacco Spirituous preparations Others r------~------_, D C B D C B D C B D C B D C B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 61,159 61,759 1,06,537 1,02,364 4,173 5,60,504 5,51,184 9,320 259 259 45,357 45,357 87,224 87,224 89,800 89,800 .. 3,52;477 3,52,477 13,350 13,350 30,561 30,561 89,867 89,867 1,21,550 86,126 35,424 1,66,782 1,66,782 8,513 8,513 38,860 38,860 1,35,394 1,35,394 82,250 80,990 1,260 2,07,409 2,07,409 24,192 24,192 13,233 13,233 1,16,139 1,16,139 57,550 56,334 1,216 2,21,953 2,21,953 37,277 37,277 17,015 17,015 94,107 94,107 59,025 59,023 2 2,34,706 2,34,706 41,004 41,004 11,010 11,010 1,06,958 1,06,958 82,948 82,948 .. 2,26,320 2,26,320 31,093 31,093 17,618 17,618 1,13,982 1,13,982 1,03,920 95,768 8,152 92,880 92,880 64,033 64,033 13,651 13,651 1,46,808 1,46,808 43,150 42,288 862 10,829 10,829 12,209 12,209 1,59,808 1,59,808 8,824 8,824 45,100 22,550 22,550 49,744 49,744 63,402 63,402

·Source:~Board of Revenue, Kerala D-Demand C~Collection B--Balance

120 Appeadis 28

SALES TAX REVENUE FOR THE PERIOD 1950-51 TO 1960-61 * (Rupees in thousands)

Sales tax Sales talC Sales tax on Registration Licence Miscella- Year ordinary additional motor spirit fee fee neous Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1950-51 1,238.00 3.00 22.00 31.00 13.00 1,307.00 1951-52 1,657.00 14.00 5.00 17.00 28.00 12.00 1,733 00 1152-53 665.00 185.00 14.00 10.00 14.00 10.00 848.00 1953-54 1,674.00 305.00 30.00 40.00 30.00 17.00 2,096.00 1954-55 2,234.00 321.00 26.00 20.00 33.00 14.00 2,648.00 ,1955-56 2,324.00 294.00 27.00 14.00 30.00 900 2,698.00 1956-57 2,986.00 218.00 1.00 15.00 59.00 11 00 3,290.00 (951-58 3,566 00 245.00 17.00 78.00 13 00 3,919-.00 1958-59 3,786.00 316.00 27.00 21.00 48.00 21 00 4,219 OU 1959-60 5,730.00 215.00 1.00 25.00 48.00 41 00 6,060.00 .l96().61 6,819.336 27.455 60.773 90.751 6,998 31;

*Source :-Boardlof Revenue, Kerala

121

106\4118 A Appea.dht

AGRICULTURAL INCOME-TAX AND AGRICULTURAL SUPERTAX CLASSIFIED

Total Individual -- -~ ,-- --'-- ., Year Grade of Income AIT Supertax Total AIT Supertax

19!i5-56 Total 1,17,839 26 1,877.00 1,19,716 26 1,08,760 25 Up to Rs. 5,000 40,048.19 197 00 40,245.19 39,')52 94 5,001 to 10,000 50,451 57 1,68000 52,131.57 43,999.63 10,001 to 25,000 27.33<1 50 27,339.50 25,107 68

1956-57 Total 2,98,266 12 39,48340, 3,37,749 52 2,40,818.21 13,195.50 Up to Rs. 5,000 39,23340 1,143.37 40,376.77 36,859.40 5,001 to 10,000 46,060.22 1,72~ 50 47,785.72 40,911.06 10,001 to 25,000 75.758 75 75,758.75 75,275.75 25,001 to 50,000 45,230.50 14,411.59 59,642.09 19,820 50 3,008 44 50,001 to 1,00,000 91,983.25 22,202.94 1,14,186.19 67.951.50 10,187.06

1957-58 Total 2,38,973.92 51,753 74 2,90,727.66 2,12,527 . 03 41,433.55 Up to Rs. ),000 37,509.78 3,844.57 41,354.35 28,666.92 5,001 to 10,000 45,370.05 45,370.05 42,278.39 10,001 to 25,000 ll,399.53 3,025.62 54,425.15 43,787.16 25,001 to 50,000 11,015.37 3,459.50 14,474.87 4,115.37 9.50 50,001 to 1,00,000 49,763.63 33,810.06 83,573.69 49,763.63 33,810.06 1,00,001 to 2,00,000 43,915 )6 7,613.99 51,529.55 43,915 56 7,613 99

1958-59 ToaJ. 3,60,503 .65 40,596.66 4,01,100.31 2,94,834.64 8,601.14 Up to Rs. 5,000 96,917 21 2,003 13 98,920.34- 92,795.46 5,001 to 10,000 77,806.58 865.25 78,671.83 70,995.69 10,001 to 25,000 77,909.28 3,822 87 81,732.15 68,435.41 25,001 to:10,000 82,867 08 18,543.73 1,01,410.81 62,608 08 8,601.14- 50,001 to.l,OO,OOO 25,003.50 15,361.68 40,365.18

1959-60 Total 6,06,323.67 1,77,582.74 7,83,906 . 41 3,78,737.34: 93,186.97 Up to R~. 5,000 63,458.91 1,931.09 65,390.00 59,470.04 5,001 to 10,000 57,699.71 1,121.88 58,821.59 50,693 79 10,001 to 25,000 93,816.72 8,767.80 1,02,584.52 68,724 91 25,001~to 50,000 1,16,520.82 42,862.04 1,59,382.86 82,930.07 26,543.23 50,001 to 1,00,000 2,27,383 75 1,00,504. 38 3,27,888.13 90,575.78 44,906.63 1,00,001 to 2,00,000 47,443.76 22,395.55 69,839.31 26.342 7, 22,337 '11

1960-61 Toad 2,26,664 . 42 . 21,551.30 2,48,215.72 1,81,766 30 Cp to :1,000 56,007.83 1,628.76 57,636.59 52,614 58 (Up to 5,001 to 10,000 22,523.83 22,523.83 20,102 40 December 10,001 to 25,000 23,911.36 +2.54 23,953.90 23,06042 1960) 25,001 to 50,000 35,988.90 85,988.90 85,988 90 50,001 to 1,00,000 1,00,001 to 2,00,000 38.232.50 19,1l8O 00 58,112 50

*Source:-Board of Revenue. Keraia AlT-Agricultural Income-tax

122 lIY GRADE OF INCOME FOR TIlE PERIOD 1955.56 TO 1~1* Companies and other concerns Undivided Hindu Family Marumakkathayam Tarwad Tenants In Common assessable at company rate r-'------~------~ AIT Supertax AIT Supertax AIT Supertax AIT Supertax

645.88 3,559.88., 4,87325 1,877.00 395.25 197 00 645.88 1,328.06 4,478.00 1,680 00 2,231.82

340 03 1,841.13 55,266.75 26,287.91 2,374.00 1,143.37 ~.03 1,358.13 3,451 00 1,725 50 483.00 25,410.00 11,403 15 24,031 75 12,015 88

2,871.17 1,315.24 21.794 11 10,320-19 8,842 86 3,844.57 1,898.05 727.24 466.37 978.12 588.00 6,051.25 3,025 62 6,900 00 3,450.00

5,080.39 1,828.12 58,760.50 31.995.52 4,121.75 2,003.13 5,080.39 1,730.50 865.25 1,828.12 7,645 75 3,822 87 20,259.00 9,942.59 25,003.50 15,361 68

26,112.03 5844 23,542.97 58.44 1,77,931.33 83,678.89 3,988.87 1,931.09 3,450.65 1,218.02 2,337.25 1,121.88 1,56°"137 1,223.94 22,307.50 8,767.80 33,590.75 16,318.81 21,101.01 58.44 1,15,706.% 55,539.31 21,101.01, 58.44

513.~ 850.94 4254 43,533 75 21,508.76 3,393.25 1.628.76 513.43 1,908 00 850.94 42.54

38,232 .il) 19,880.00

123 Appendix 30 INCIDENCE OF LAND UVENUE ASSESSMENT FOR TIlE PERIOD 1958-51 TO 1960-61 ...

Incidence of land revenue on fully Land re\-enue assessed area Area fully assessed assessed on Land tevenue Land revenue fully assessed per head by assessed on Per Per cultivatAlll Nature of Total Cultivated"""'" area population cultivated area total area area Year Tenure (acres) (acres) Rs. Rs Rs. Rs. Rs.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1950-51 Ryotwari 469,436 468,326 668,492.7Z 0.57 773,772.72 lAO 1.59 1951-52 468,647 467,304 765,249.15 0.57 763,147.85 1.38 1.57 " 499,566 1952-53 " 501,859 779,432.31 0.58 778,315.31 }.39 1.51 1953-54 " 500,856 500,286 826,723.18 0.56 825,992.54 1.51 1.70 1954-55 501,038 499,684 800,472.84 0.56 798,350.58 1.44- 1.63 " 504,665 1955-56 " 507,033 864,915.96 0.56 761,223.44 1.55 1. 74- 1956-57 " 462,579 459,276 845,929.52 0.59 839,917.52 1.67 1.85 1957-58 .. 474,132 471,786 848,638.09 0.59 843,951.09 1.64 1.82 1958-59 " 471,965 472,445 1,319,101.00 0.70 1,009,325.80 1.74 1.66 1959-60 " 474,206 472,731 1,301,858.83 0.70 1,055,062 .82 1. 79 2.04- 1960-61 .. 474,370 472,893 1,434,098.30 0.71 1,093,216.58 1. 79 2.04-

·Source:-Board of Revenue, Kerala

Appea.dis 31 ~ RECBIPTi UNDER ENTERtAINMENT TAX FOR THE PERIOD 195a-51 TO 196011 '"

Year Rs. in lakhs 1950-51 21 1951·52 31 1952·53 29 1953-54 31 1954-55 ()2 1955·56 79 1956-57 129 1957-58 ISS 1958-59 155 1959-60 147 1960-61 t 113

t Approximate • Source:-Director of Local Bodies, Kerala

l24 Appendix 32

INCOME OF QtJlLON MUNlCIPAUTY FOR THE PERIOD I~ TO l!J6O.4il •

Item 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960..61 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total 3~50.197 4,26.791 4,75,808 5,24,103 6,91,836 9,05,280

1 House tax (property tax) 1,29,278 1,41,531 1,26,404 1,66,762 1,77,622 1,79,168 2 Profession tax 83,669 84,498 88,716 1,09,026 1,42,696 96,295 3 VehIcle tax 7,191 7,474 11,400 8,373 4,809 4,974 ~ Entertainment tax 26,276 74,154 73,231 74,4{)6 70,666 79,885 5 Licence fees 25,190 27,074 27,6-1-0 27,766 34,644 32,563 6 Public market 30,535 32,670 35,787 39,838 41,832 46,372 7 Other miscellaneous items 48,058 59,390 1,12,630 97,872 2,19,567 4,66,023

·Source:-Municipal Commissioner, Q).illon

Appendix 33

EXPENDITURE OF Q,UlLON MUNICIPALITY FOR THE PERIOD 1955-56 TO 1960-61'"

lteJn 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960..61 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total 3,45,206 4,12,306 5,04,274 6,02,268 6,41,523 9,05,485

1 Adnunistration and collection charges 44,586 57,300 56,434- 64,030 68,814 75,303 2 Public safety (a) Lighting 22,672 26,876 28,453 32,570 40,477 49,814 3 Pubhc health and convenience (a) Conservancy 78,545 87,800 96,404- 1,19,346 1.1':;,434 1,19,436 (b) Hospital, dispensary and vaccination 77,682 1,05,679 1,27,723 1,79,475 1,64,135 1,87,505 (c) Market ,and ,slaughter houses 695 861 803 993 1,376 950 (d) Agriculture and public gardens 2,016 2,084 2,496 2,976 2,976 2,976 4- Public works (a) Roads 35,284 21,285 32,689 18,679 14,748 55,698 (b) Buildings 16,093 2,435 26,000 24,775 63,841 54,555 (c) Establishment 2,723 3,669 4,734 26,866 24,086 14,605 (d) Stores 27,598 20,088 10,020 35,900 15,360 (e) Miscellaneous 26,240 20,109 18,676 47,984 56,477 43,675 5 Public institution 3,492 6,294 4,531 6,411 lI,370 8,846 6 Contribution for general purposes 6,684 7,645 13,658 12,747 15,572 14,576 7 Other miscellaneous items 28,494 42,671 71,:)85 55,336 26,317 2,62,186

• Source:-Municipal Commissioner, 0J.ril0n

125 Appendix 34 INCOME OF PANCHAYATS FOR THE PERIOD 1955-56 TO 1960-61'"

Income from 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nmber ofpanchayats 87 87 87 87 87 87 . Total 491,245.80 588,46381 673,578.92 836,192.19 826,945.53 917,782.69 1 Land cess 124,405.09 84,818.47 102,355 19 91,617.96 89,349.46 90,900.29 2 House tax 55,355.95 101,646.73 112,045.88 195,619.59 177,455.54 232,855.33 3 Profession tax 40,757 33 64,831.62 83,674.83 120,272.86 125,488.73 155,682.56 4 Vehicle tax 595.65 1,195.30 1,676.60 2,389.11 2,112.76 2,764.42 5 Entertamment tax 45,926.92 54,601.60 62,645.83 80,808.24 77,274.21 84,505.16 6 Licence fee'i 17,979 34 38,511.03 59,327.31 50,806.34 56,500 97 62,457.02 7 Public market 102,146 91 121,709.64 125,621.48 149,969.63 172,959.70 201,858.15 8 Private market 188.62 815.18 341.84 497.27 540 54 1,623.32 9 Other miscellaneous items 103,889.99 120,334.24 125,889.96 144,211.19 125,263.62 85,136.44

* Source:-Director ofPanchayats, Kerala

Appeadix 35 EXPENDITURE OF PANCHAYATS FOR THE PERIOD 1955-56 TO 1960-61* 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 Items Rs. R;. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. iI!i (1 .1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T.cal 459,646.31 769,093.33 991,801.00 1,191,554.5S 1,068,412.11 1,004,424.03 1 Administration and collection charges 84,647 52 142,61966 213,070.23 290,555.24 290,555.24 294,357.72 2 Public safety (a> Lighting 34,516.78 55,490.57 85,725.23 165,253.04 165,253.04 221,133.14- (b) Fire 153.00 78.00 181.00 181.00 149.00 (c) Miscellaneous 8,009.07 7,750.72 9,629.91 13,852.95 10,779.26 15,925.14 3 Public health and convenience (a) Water supply 2,873.91 9,449.53 5,426.52 7,~90.82 5,133.81 8,675,00 (b) Drainage 24.00 1,843.31 1,607.13 (c) Comervancy 5,140.15 8,249.15 9,294.22 20,144.16 21,637.62 22,695.2' (d) Hospital, dispensary and vaccination 845.84- 1,689.91 5,431.93 8,305.58 9,072.35 6,084.63 (e) Plague charges 15.00 (f) Market and slaughter houses 921.19 2,063.38 1,419.52 1,210.00 2,212.00 8,843.30 (g) Agriculture and publk gardens 2,794.00 948.00 8,670.00 4 Public works (a) Roads 217,510.14 380,418.74- 41:!,Il9.04 436,683.41 348,357.57 315,709.74 (b) Building'i 1':;,058.00 10,395.00 43,221.50 69,204.39 62,616.98 19,853.00 (c) Establishment 8,034 25 10,981.37 24,548.41 28,210.43 22,723.00 24,042.23 (d) Stores ')35.59 960.96 951.37 1,397.48 706.47 934.95 (e) Miscellaneous 23,488.01 40,442.25 80,173.06 45,740.95 14,236 53 31,9% 65 5 Public institutIon 4,613 25 12,836.72 9,514.53 10,196.87 13,043.07 10,06030 6 Contribution for general purpose 5,713.79 7,444.89 7,409.12 11,386.50 16.209.66 5,504.46 7 Miscellaneom 47. ')81 82 78,276.48 81,930.10 76.940.58 84,7+6 51 9,85048

"'Source :-Director of Pal1fhayats, Kerala

126 Appendix 36

NATURE AND ~GTH OF SENTENCE OF CONVICTS IN JAJLS FOR THE PERIOD 1955-56 TO 1960-61-

Nature of Imprisonment Less than Exceeding Transporting Death Year Simple Rigorous one year 1 to 5 years 5 to 10 years 10 years for life Sentence ,----A-----, r----"----.. r----"----.. ~ r---'--, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F

1955-56 149 18 74 223, 18 1956-57 235 37 247 478 37 4 1957-58 935 114 67 967 114 35 1958-59 1,013 49 605 1,459 49 120 27 4 6 2 1959-60 1,598 43 338 2 1,895 45'" 33 8 1960-61 162 4 176 2 321 6 8 6 2

*Source:-Inspector General of Prisons, Kerala

Appendix 37 NUMBER OF POUCE STATIONS, STRENGTH OF POUCE PERSONNEL ETC. FOR THE PERIOD 1958-59 TO 1960-61* Number of out posts Number of police personnel Circle Superintendents Inspectors Sergeants No. of Without and Deputy and Sub- and Head Police Year Stations With lock-upl lock-ups Superintendents Inspectors Constables Constables 1958-59 14 11 10 3 27 121 741 1959-60 15 10 14 3 26 127 765 1960-61 15 10 14 3 28 132 773 *Source:-Inspector General of Police, Kerala

Appendix 38 NUMBER OF PRINTING PRESSES AND PERlODrCALS FOR THE PERIOD 1950-51 TO 1960-61*

No. of periodicals r------~ No. of winting presses No. of daily Newspapers Weekly Monthly Year Private Malayalam Malayalam Malayalam Others 1950-51 23 2 1 1951-52 26 2 2 5 1952-53 33 2 2 5 1953-54 36 3 2 5 1954-55 40 4 2 5 1955-56 49 4 2 5 1956-57 52 4 2 5 1957-58 55 4 2 5 1958-59 57 4 2 5 1959-60 58 4 2 5 1960-61 60 4 2 6

*Source:-District Collector, Quilon 127 Appendix 39

THE CINEMAS AND PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT HALLS FOR THftERfOD 1950-51 TO 1960-61. No. of Total tickets Number of cinema Number of films exhibited No. of issued theatres during the year shows during Entertainment hall during the year Perman- Tempor- Seaso· Malaya. the under all Govern. Local Year ent ary nal lam English Hindi Tamil Other year classes ment Bodies Private Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1950·51 2 8 127 58,459 1951·52 4 2 4 38 807 2,52,540 1952·53 1 22 6 10 96 2 1,997 3,861,161 1953.54 6 2 30 12 29 165 3,195 580,626 1954-55 13 4 90 45 99 467 1 7,280 1,757,408 2 1955-56 17 7 219 50 137 920 3 13,568 2,959,504 2 1956·57 20 10 250 41 170 983 16,670 3,500,230 3 1957-58 22 11 279 43 176 1,478 1 18,844 3,888,770 3 1958-59 25 9 266 30 188 1,603 3 18,944 3,840,088 3 1959-60 22 8 199 51 187 1,340 5 15,178 3,115,714 S 1960-61 21 2 124 20 122 1,022 3 11,550 2,486,373 2

*Source:-Director of Local Bodies, Kerala

Appendix 40 EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES FOR THE PERIOD 1958-59 TO 196C)..61

Special types of applicants that were available on the live register Ex-service personnel Live Scheduled Scheduled and ClC-service Employed Year Employment Exchange Registration Placings Register Caste Tribe disabled personnel persona 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \} 1958-59 District Employment Exchange, Quilon 12,281 709 12,633 405 26 321 56 12,609 1,062 15,372 610 115 394 75 1959-60 " 11,537 663 21,335 1,019 52 325 77 1960·61 "

128 Appendix 41

IMPORTANT EVENTs DURING THE LAST DECADE ~

Place of Date/year Details regardmg the importance N_oftaluk Name of the event occurrence of occurrence of the events if any 1 2 3 4 5

Patbanamtbitta Reorganisation of villages 1-10-1956 New villages formed Storm Omalloor 28-4-1960 A large number of houses were destroyed either wholly or partly Storm Pathanamthitta 28-4-1960 25 houses were destroyed and big trees uprooted Kunnathur Folidol accident at the Sasthamcottah 29-4-1958 The accident took place in the L.S.S. Camp L.S.S. camp Sasthamcottah village held at Sasthamcottah on 29th Apri11958. Many trainees lost their lives due to the accident as also the lives of many animals Extension of electricity Paravoot' 1953 Reorganisation of villages in 1-10-1956 Number of villages of Quilon Taluk has Quilon Taluk been increased to 19 from 14 Opening of Civil Station Quilon 1958 Extension of Telephone Paravoot' 31-3-1959 Exchange Munsiff Magistrate Court Paravoot' 27-6-1959 PathaDapuram Fire accidents Kulathupuzha 1956 Seventeen houses have been lost due to the village occurrence of fire A violent storm Alayamon village 3-5-1957 Many have suffered due to the storm and Government have distributed funds for the sufferers

• Source: Tahaildar of respective taluks

129 TALUK MAPS VILLAGES AND TOWNS IN PATHANAMTIUTTA TAL'UK

Serial Serial number Serial Serial number number in the Primary number in the Primary in the map Name Census Abstract in the map Name Census Abstract Highland Villages

1 Angadi 1 6 Mala yalapuzha 6 2 Pazhavangadi 2 7 Konnithazham 7 3 Chethekkal ~ 8 Pramadam 8 1 Pe unadu 4 9 Konni 9 5 Vadasserikara 5 10 Iravon 10

Midland Villages

11 Ranni 11 16 OmalloOl 16 12 Cherukole 12 17 Naranganam 17 13 Mallapuzhasseri 13 18. Pa thanamthitta 18 14 Elanthoor 14 19 Vallicode 19 15 Chennerkala 15

Towns

NIL PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK

MlES4 2 0 4 8 ; .. ,.,. I : ,.' , 12 KILOMiTRES

- TALUK BOUNDARY _- VIu.AG£ BOUNDARY

. , PEERMAOE TALUK KANJIRAPPALLY TALUK

THIRUVAlLA TALUI<

MAVELIKKARA TALUI<

PAT~iANAPURAM T ) L.EGEND

. ' STATE HIGHWAY

--_ LOCAL ROA£) l ~R'VEft ® REST HOUSE ~ aU1LON DISTRICT TALUKS > POLICE STATION '~ ® I PATHANAMTHITTA 2 KUNNAnlUR T POST AND TELEGRAPH Or:FICE 3 KARUNAGAPALL Y 4 QUILON VILLAGE ABOVE 5,000 POPULATION ' . 5 KOTT M~AKARA • ~ PATHANAPURAM ® T ALUK HEADQUARTERS " )

_/., .-- ~ ---- ._... .. VILLAGES AND TOWNS IN KUNNATHUR TALUK

Serial Serial number Serial Serial number number in the Primary number in the Primary in the map Name Census Abstract in the map Name Census Abstract Highland Villages

1 Angadickal 20 2 Koodal 21

Midland Villages

3 Peringanad 22 10 Sasthamcotta 29 4 Adool' 23 11 West Kallada 30 5 Erath 24 12 Kunnathur 31 6 Pallickal 25 13 Kadampanad 32 7 Sooranad North 26 14 Ezhamkulam 33 8 Sooranad South 27 15 Kodumon 34 9 Poruvazhi 28 16 Enadimangalam 35

Towns Nu. (. KLfNNATHUR TALUK

MtLES 4 8

6 12 KR..OMET~S

--- iT' ALUK BOUNDARY

I ---- VILLAGE BOUNDARY I

I PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK MAVELIKKARA TALUK

PATHANAPURAM TALUK

QUILON TALUK I LEGEND == STATE HIGHWAY -- LOCAL ROAD QUILON DISTR1CT TALUKS ~RIVER I PATHANAMTHITTA ~ L.AKE AND CANAL 2 KUNNATHUR 3 KARUNAGAPALLY ®. REST HOUSE .. QUILON 5 KOTT ARAKARA ® POLICE STATION 6 PATHANAPURAM T POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE

• VILLAGE ABOVE 5,000 POPULATION ® T ALUK HEADOUARTERS • ,

10614198 A / VILLAGES AND TOWNS IN KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK

Serial Serial number Serial Serial number number in the Primary number in the Primary in the map Name Census Abstract in the map Name Census Abstract Midland Village

1 Mynagapally 36

Lowland Villages

2 Perunad 37 7 Karunagapally 42 3 Krishnapuram 38 8 Panmana 43 4 Thazhava 39 9 Chavara 44 5 Thodiyoor 40 10 Thekkumbhagom 45 6 Kulasekharapuram 41 11 Thevalakara 46

Towns

NIL E E N

KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK

2/ 4 8 o MIlE5 4 o 9 , I l!i 5 .4 / 2 - 0 6 12 KILOMETRES • L_ '.TALUk BOUNDARY

\ ---- VILLAGE BOUNDARY

KARTHIGAPAL LY TALUK MAVELIKKARA TAlUk I ~~

KUNNATHlJR TALUK

ARAB'AN SEA o I,r 9

I

I \ QUILON• T ALUK

I :. ' .. -.:1_ NAT IONAL HIGHWAY --..: LOCAL ROAD

~ RIdLWAY ~ RIV ER • QUILON DISTRICT TALUKS ~ LAKE AND CANAL 1 PATHANAMTHtTTA ® REST HOU SE 2 KU NNAT HUR 3 KARUNAG APALLY ~ POUCE STATION 4 QUIl.ON 5 KOT TAR AKARA T POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE 6 PATHANAPURAM • VILLAGE ABOVE 5,000 POPULATION ® TALUK t-IEADQUARTERS VILLAGES AND TOWNS IN Q.UILON TALUK

Serial Serial number Serial Serial number number in the Primary number in the Primary in the map Name Census Abstract in the map Name Census Abstract Midland Villages

1 Mulavana 47 5 Adichanalloor 51 2 Kottankara 48 6 Poothakkulam 52 3 Thrikkovilvattom 49 7 Meenadu 53 4 Nedumpana 50 8 Kalluvathukkal 54

Lowland Villages

9 Munro Island 55 14 Quilon 60 10 Eas+ Kallada 56 15 Vadakkevila 61 11 Perinad 57 16 Eravipuram 62 12 Thrikkaruva 58 17 Mayyanadu 63 13 Thl ikadavool" 59· 18 Paravoor 64

Midland Town

I Kundara I Lowland Town II, Kilikollur II III Quilon (Municipal) III E N N

QUILON T ALUI<

MILES 4 o 4 8

i 4 2 0 6 12 KILOMETRES

___ T ALUK !':IOUNDARY

-- -- VILLAGE BOUNDARY KUNNATHUR TALUK

o . 0 9 9 KARUNAGAPALLY r TALUK KOT TARAKARA T ALUK

-=-- NATIONAL I-jIGHWAY STATE HIGHWAV __, LOCAL QOAD o ~ RAILWAV ' o 8 8 F RIVER ' I I 45 .. 5 ~ LAI(E ANb CANAL QUILON DISTRICT '" ® REST HOUSE TALUKS ® POLICE STATION T POST AND TE.LEGRAPH OFFICE

• VIL L POPULATI-ON AGE ABOVE 5J OOO F'":':':"':1 . .;;·:;;;;;;;:·:·:·:t CENSUS TOWN , _ MUNICIPAL TOWN ~

® T ALUK HEADQuARl ERS ( ~ NEE~----~O~II------~------~~~~~----~LJ 76 30 '

10614198 A VILLAGES AND TOWNS IN KOTTARAKARA TALUK.

Serial Serial number Serial Serial number number in the Primary number in the Primary in the map Namt' Census Abstract in the map Name Census Abstract Midland Villages

1 Kulakada 65 10 Veliyam 74 2 Mylom 66 II Ommannool 75 3 Melila 67 12 Elamadu 76 4 Vettikavala 68 13 Pooyappally 77 5 Kottarakara 69 14 Velinallur 78 6 Neduvathoor 70' 15 Chadayamangalam 79 7 Pavithre'iwaram 71 16 Kadakkal 80 8 Ezhukone 72 17 Chithara 81 9 Thlippilazhikom 73 18 Ittiva 82

Towns

NIL E E N N

KOTTARAKAR A TALUK

MILES 4 2 0 4 8

, 6 4 2 0 6 12 KILOMETRES

KUNNATHUR TALUK ___ T ALUK BOUNDARY ---- VILLAGE BOUNDARY

o o 9 9

---_

-~ - PATHANAPURAM TAluK

::ll .... ---~-- ::> - ~----- .J QUfLON TALUK <{ .... 0« (.!) z « ~ ( LEGEND ::> 0 0 STATE HIGHWAIf UJ 8 Z 0 , -- LOCAL ROAD 6 45 I ~ RAILWAY 45 TALUkS CRt.VER ® REST HOUSE v ® POLICE STATION T POS.T AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE • VILl AGE ABOVE 5,000 POPULATION ~ : ® TALUI< HEADQUAP.TERS N 0 E 76

_;-~"

/ 'f .-"'" - 1-'-" -_. .-- ...... ~.-.-- VILLAGES AND TOWNS IN PATHANAPURAM TALUK.

Serial Serial number Serial Serial number number in the Primary number in the Primary in the map Name Census Abstract in the map Name Census Abstract Highland Villages

I Piravanthur 83 6 Punalul' 88 2 Edamon 84 7 Pidavoor 89 3 Arienkavu 85 8 Karavalloor 90 4 Kulathupuzha 86 9 Anchal 91 5 Yet'oor 87 10 Alayamon 92

Midland Villages

11 Pathanapuram 93 14 Vilakkudi 96 12 Pattazhi 94 15 Arakkal 97 13 Thalavoor 95 16 Edamulackal 98

Towns

NIL 0 I, 0 I 0 77 15 E E 76 4S ." ~ N N ~

PATHANAPURAM TALUK

MILES .. 2 4 i ! j ~~° : , 0 0 tl 4 6 12 KILOMETRES 9 <} 2 ° I I - T ALUK BOUNDARY 15 15 • ---VILLAGE BOUNDARY

PATHANAMTHITT A T ALUK KUNNATHUR TALUK

o o 9 9

KOTTARAKARA TALuK I\.

0 o a e LEGEND I I NEDUMANGAD TALUK 45 5 =--== STATE HIGHWAY ---LOCAL ROAD

~RAILWAY ~R'VER QUILON DISTRICT ® REST HO\ISE .. ® POLICE STATION T POST AND TELEGRAPH OFF ICE

• VILLAGE ABOVE 51°00 POPULATlOI>.J @ TALUK HEADQUARTERS r N 0 I o E 76 45 77

10614198 A _- ..-- --_. ... -~ \ ---- PART B CENSUS DATA

10614:198-B ERRATA Pase Item C::>lumn Line For Read 16 Table A-I-Fly-leaf 2 38 266 to 274 266 to 374 27 Table A-I 9 16 6,791 206, 791 30 Appendix " sub-'heading contd. concld. 33 Table A-II 7 Col. No. 7 35 Table A-III Fly-leaf Percen- 2 1 0.01 N tage of population ...... 6 " 1 3.93 3.94 39 Table A-IV 9 Class I Class I (Nil) 45 Table B-1 Fly-leaf 2 10 other thar other than 53 Table B-III Part-B heading ONN-WORKERS NON-WORKERS 15 " 7 2 l22 " 8 56 656 "21 " 15 .322 1,322 54 Table B-IV Fly-leaf 2 35 cod code 60 " 2 8 Munufacture Manufacture 64 Table B-IV Part-A 2 41 U 70 Table B-IV Part-B heading Division of I.S.l.c. Division and Major group ofI.S.I.C. 2 heading Total Total " Urban 71 Table B-IV Part-C 7 10 J 74 Table B-IV Part-C Appendix 3 Urbn Urban 19 Ttal " " Total 79 Table B-V Appropriate 8 VIII VII Industrial Categorie:; 4 IV " " V 88 Table- B-V 4 Familv Family 91 Family 660 Description STATIO STATION " 6 Family 660 " Total 41 100 " 9 amiy Family 102 2 D vision Division 109 Table-B-VI-Fly-leaf" 10 n In 110 Table B-VI 2 otal Total 4 1 0,343 30,343 III " 14 16 " 113 33 heading F " Col no. F 33 " " I 33 " " 116 Table B-VII Part-A 1 13 Agricultura Agricultural Labourr Labourer 23 2& " 2&3 118 Table B-VII" Part-B 42 Di sion Division 119 heading M jor group Major group " 8 Major g oup Major group " " (P.T.O.

106/4198 ERRATA-concld.

Page hem Column Line For Read

120 Table B-VII Part-B 3 heading Female Females " 14 867 4,867 121 " I 8 35 " 34-35 ,. 2 37 5 125 ,. 3 heading Femalet Females 1 19 " " 10 137 Table B-IX 19 & 20 heading employment employment and seeking work seeking work 141 Table B-XI heading IK IN 147 Table B-XII 14 & 15 heading Family work Family workers ., Quilon taluk 14 8 1 ., ., • 1 14~ Table B-XIII Appendix Abbreviation 12-5-14.9 12.5 - 14.9 G 152 Table B-XIV Part-B Code 335 2 20 consmetics cosmetics Code 369 2 37 wire net-bolt " wire net, bolt 157 Table B-XV 24 Col. No 24 23 15 .," 16 " 24 12 " 0 10 " 15 ,." 16 " 162 Table B-XVI 1 Divi~ion 2 & 3 * Division 2 & 3 164 Appendix Quilon " district Total 4 (B-1, C-l, H-I) 30 (B-1, C-I, H-I) 166 Table B-XVII 2 7 11,988 11,998 173 Table C-II 14 46 5 181 . Table C-V Note 1(5) 2 14 Panjabi Punjabi 182 Note 4 1 fo " for 183 Note 5 2 4 Kuch Kuchi " 10 Orriya " " " Oryiya 204 Table SC:f-II Part-A 12 16 1 207 heading " D ISTRI CT-contd DISTRICT-coneld. 213 Table SCT-III Part B (i) 10&11 heading Matriculatiou Matriculation 11 1 " 32 232 216 Table SeT-IV. Part-B 1 5 Kanikaran or 4 Kanikaran or Kanikkar Kanikkar 6 " " KochuVelan 5 Koehu Velan 10 8 1 " , " I 16 15 Uraly 2 20 " R 222 Table ST-I Fly-leaf 1 3 0 of 226 Table ST-II 1 2 Kochu Velan 2 Kochu Velan

ii (i) STATE TABLES

10614198-B

I AREA., HOUSES AND POPULATlON**

Number of Popula. villages Number Total Area in tion ~ Number ofoccupied Population Rural per Inha- Uninha- of residential _ ., State/District Urban Sq. miles Sq. km. sq. mile bited bited towns houses Persons Males Females

2 3(a) '3(b) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

KERALA T 15,002 (a) 38,855 (a) 15,002.6 (b) 38,856.7 (b) 1,127 1,573 2t 92 2,803~33 16,903,715 8,361,927 8,541,788 R 14,571.1 37,739.0 985 1,573 2t 2,422,217 14,349,574 7,079,168 7,270,406 U 431.5 1,117.7 5,919 92 381,316 2,554,141 1,282,759 1,271,382 CannaTWTe 'T 2,744- (a) 7,107 (a) 2,191. 3 (b) 5,675.5 (b) 812 235 18 278,556 1,780,294 874,667 905,627 R 2,116.2 5,481.1 699 235 237,691 1,480,177 725,325 754,852 U 75.1 194.4- 3,998 18 40,865 300,117 149,342 150,775 Kozhikode T 2,042 (a) 5,289 (a) 2,570.2 (b) 6,656.8 (b) 1,018 310 17 426,653 2,617,189 1,300,974 1,316,215 R 2,509.5 6,499.5 871 310 368,114 2,184,682 1,083,556 1,101,126 U 60.7 157.3 7,121 17 58,539 432,507 217,418 215,089

Pa!llhat T 1,982 (a) 5,133 (a) 1,979.6 (b) 5,127.2 (b) 897 298 7 305,594 1,776,566 85],746 924,820 R 1,943.0 5,032.5 826 298 277,547 1,604,71" 767,251 837,465 U 36.6 94.7 4,700 7 28,047 171,85\) 84,495 87,355

Trichur T 1,149 Ca) 2,976 (a) 1,137.0 (b) 2,944.8 (b) 1,442 238 I 7 265,621 ],639,862 784,736 855,126 R 1,104.6 2,860.8 1,317 238 1 236,911 1,454,210 694,821 759,389 U 32.4 84.0 5,726 7 28,710 185,652 89,915 95,737

Emakulam T 1,270 (a) 3,289 (a) 1,289.5 (b) 3,339.8 (b) ],442 107 12 299,908 ],859,913 931,248 928,665 R 1,236.0 3,201.1 1,185 107 240,914 1,464,603 727,922 736,681 U 53.5 138.7 7,379 12 58,994- 395,310 203,326 191,984

Kottayam T 2,326 (al 6,024 a) , 2,455.6 (b) 6,360.0 ) 706 101 7 296,483 1,732,880 882,580 850,300 R 2,418.3 6,263.4 648 101 271,929 1,567,411 798,454 768,957 U 37.3 96.6 4,436 7 24,554 165,469 84,126 81,343 \ Alleppey T 698 (a) 1,808 (a) 708.1 (b) 1,834.0 (b) 2,558 99 8 312,991 1,811,252 893,435 917,817 R 654.9 1,696.1 2,292 99 262,733 1,500,821 739,248 761,573 U 53.2 137.9 5,831 8 50,258 310,431 154,187 156,244 '. Qpilon T 1,944- (a) 5,035 (a) 1,827,3 (b) 4,732.7 (b) 1,062 98 3 328,673 1,941,228 972,657 968,571 R 1,~12.3 4,694.0 992 98 307,101 1,796,992 898,746 898,246 U 15.0 38.7 9,648 3 21,572 144,236 73,911 70,325

Trivandrum T 847 (a) 2,194 (a) 844.0 (b) 2,185.9 (b) 2,067 87 13 289,054 1,744,531 869,884 874,647 R '776.3 2,010.5 1,669 87 219,277 1,295,962 643,845 652,117 U 67.7 175.4 6,626 13 69,777 448,569 226,039 222,530

Note :_hThis tab Ie includes area, houses and popUlation of unsurveyed forest areas also. Under columns 3(a) and 3(b), (a) represents the area figures furnished by Surveyor General ofIndia, and (b) represents the area figures furnished by the State Survey Department. The urban areas are based on the area ofindividual towns furnished by the local authorities. The rural area for a district is obtained by subtracting the urban area from the State Survey area. 2 The sq. km. and density figures of urban areas of Distnct/State are worked out using the area figures corrected upto two places of decimals obtained by adding the areas of towns in the respective units and not using the area figures given in the table. In addition to this the figures relating to sq. km. are further adjusted to make the District/State totals agree. S population per sq. mile has been calculated on area figures supplied by State Survey Office. t These two are only portions of two villages consisting of paddy fields and uncultivated land lying in the rural areas. The urban portions of these villages lying in two municipal towns are inhabited.

5 10614198-B n V ABlATION IN POPULATION DUllING SIXTY YEARS

Percentage Decade decade :StatefDistrict Year PeI'SOIIlI variation variation Males Female. 1 2 3 4- 5 6 7

KERALA 1901 6,396,262 3,191,466 3,204,796 1911 7,147,673 + 751,411 +11.75 3,559,f25 3,S88,2t8 1921 7,_,127 + 654,454 + 9.16 5,879,458 3,922,669 1931 9,507,050 +1,704,923 +21.85 4,702,951 4,8M,099 1941 11,031,541 +1,524,491 +16.04 5,443,296 5,588,245 1951 13,549,118 +2,517,577 +22.82 6,681,901 6,867,217 1961 16,903,715 +3,354,597 +24.76 8,361,927 8,541,788

CaTl1lQ1l(}ft 1901 787,352 384,030 403,322 1911 841,782 + 54,430 + 6.91 408,483 433,299 1921 005,447 + 23,665 + 2.81 414,823 450,624- 1931 997,057 +131,610 +15.21 480,640 516,417 1941 1,123,054 +125,997 +12.64 540,449 582,605 1951 1,375,081 +252,027 +22.44 668,486 706,595 1961 1,780,294 +405,213 +29.47 874,667 905,627

./(azRikode 1901 1,151,981 575,567 576,414- 1911 1,251,737 + 99,756 + 866 622,911 628,826 1921 1,285,622 + 33,885 + 2.71 635,628 649,994 1931 1,490,770 +205,148 +15.96 734,380 756,390 1941 1,671,990 +181,220 +12.16 820,444 851,546 1951 2,065,284 +393,294 +23.52 1,024,306 1,040,978 1961 2,617,189 +551,905 +26.72 1,300,974 1,316,215

po),ghat 1901 977,212 479,453 497,759 1911 1,051,224 + 74,012 + 7.57 512,495 538,729 1921 1,092,723 + 41,499 + 3,95 529,131 5&3,592 1931 1,213,281 +120,558 +11.03 : 583,663 629,618 1941 1,326,140 +112,859 + 9.M 637,027 689,n~ 1951 1,565,167 +239,027 +18.02 . 749,607 815,56t), 1961 1,776,566 +211,399 +13.51 851,746 924,820

Trichur 1901 658,873 328,928 , 329,945 1911 742,707 + 83,834 +12.72 369,799 372,908 1921 786,564 + 43,857 + 5.91 383,494 403,070 1931 961,965 +175,401 +22.30 463,707 498,258 1941 1,119,565 +157,600 +16.38 537,941 581,624 1951 1,362,665 -1'-243,100 +21.71 648,168 114,497 1961 1,639,862 +277,197 +20.34 784,736 855,126

.huhlam 1901 669,135 337,097 332,038 1911 76~,953 + 93,818 +14.02 383,785 379,168 1921 833j849 + 70,896 + 9.29 424,158 409,691 1931 1,055,941 +222,092 +26.63 530,954 524,987 1941 1,276,323 +220,382 +20.87 640,997 635,326 1951 1,530,143 +253,820 +19.89 763,805 766,338 1961 1,859,913 +329,770 +21.55 931,248 928,665 6 U VAlUATION IN POPULATION DU.lUNG SIXTY YEARS-concld.

Pel'Centage State/I}istrict Decade decade Year Persons variation variation Males Female, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Kottayam 1901 475,427 243,730 1911 231,697 559,989 + 8-4-,562 +17.79 287,513 272,476 1921 649,768 + 89,779 +16.03 336,12i 313,646 1931 889,664 +239,896 +36.92 458,466 431,198 1941 1,083,329 +193,665 +21. 77 556,584 526,745 1951 1,327,668 +244,339 +22.55 674,061 653,607 1961 1,732,880 +405,212 +30.52 882,580 850,300

AIlI~ 1901 668,388 336,520 331,868 1911 767,239 + 98,851 +14.79 386,107 381,132 1921 909,555 +142,316 +18.55 459,690 449,865 1931 1,130,715 +221,160 +24.32 567,484 563,231 1941 1,274,029 +143,314 +12.67 636,901 637,1211 1951 1,521,303 +247,274 +19.41 753,552 767,751 1961 1,811,252 +289,949 +19.06 893,435 917,817

Qtilon 1901 523,401 263,449 259,952 1911 600,570 + 77,169 +14.74 302,136 298,434 1921 712,206 +111,636 +18.59 360,034 352,172 1931 910,806 +198,600 +27.89 455,898 454,908 1941 1,142,054 +231,248 +25.39 569,622 572,432 1951 1,473,995 +331,941 +29.07 739,252 734,743 1961 1,941,228 +467,233 +31. 70 972,657 968,571

Trivandrum 1901 484,493 242,692 241,801 1911 569,472 + 84,979 +17.54 286,196 283,276 1921 666,393 + 96,921 +17.02 336,378 330,015 1931 8.56,851 +190,458 +28.58 427,759 429,092 194-1 1,015,057 +158,206 +18.46 503,331 511,726 1951 1,327,812 +312,755 +30.81 660,664 667,148 1961 1,744,531 +416,719 +31.38 869,884 87+,647

- NOI6:-Districts fhnnecCattcrthe Census of 1951 are given in itali;;s

7 106\4198-B m WOI\KERS AND NON-WORkERS

In Mining, Quarrying, Live- stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, -\, Agncultural Orchards and Total Total Worker~ As Cultivator labourer allied .1ctivitles Rural Total Population (I-IX) I II III State/District Urban r- r---""----, ,.....------A---, r-- - ..A..-_--., ,..----'--, P M F M F M F ::\1 F 1\1 F

2 3 4 5 {) 7 8 9 10 11 I:! 13

KERALA T 16,903,715 8,361,927 8,541,788 3,947,038 1,683,295 904,502 273,601 516,914 461,482 398,622 88,737 R 14,349,574 7,079,168 7,270,406 3,357,206 1,517,995 877,346 264,045 501,978 446,000 357,149 87,186 U 2,554,141 1,282,759 1,271,382 589,832 165,300 27,156 9,556 14,936 15,482 41,473 1,551

Cannan Oft T 1,780,294 874,667 905,627 420,728 208,991 92,047 60,924 47,275 62,776 34,046 5,818 R 1,480,177 725,325 754,852 347,784 188,138 88,734 58,254 46,052 59,844 29,001 5,692 C 3oo,1l7 149,342 150,775 72,944 20,853 3,313 2,670 1,223 2,932 5.045 126

Kozhikode T 2,617,189 1,300,974- 1,316.215 612,214 189,492 103,098 24,746 63,013 50,Oll 77,357 14,076 R 2,184,682 1,083,556 1,101,126 510,876 168,771 101,169 24,142 61,991 48,740 66,477 13,837 U 432,507 217,418 21.5,089 101,338 20,721 1,929 604 1,022 1,271 10,880 239

Palghat T 1,776,566 851,746 924,820 438,385 251,021 98,079 4-2,426 95,035 122,532 28,072 4,653 R 1,604,716 767,251 837,465 397,687 236,033 95,823 41,350 92,745 118,552 26,106 4,621 U 171,850 84,495 87.355 40,698 14,988 2,256 1,076 2,290 3,980 1,966 32

Trichur T 1,639,862 784,736 85.5,126 357,232 187,207 64,938 25,338 34,982 48,049 3.5,919 4,799 R 1,454,210 694,821 759,389 317,473 172,451 62,280 24,323 33.888 46,415 33,612 4,464 {j 185,652 89,915 95.737 39,759 14,756 2,658 1,015 1 ()94 1,634 2,307 335

ErnakuJam T 1,859,913 931,248 928,661 437,902 179,381 89,910 36,879 39,932 46,841 35,586 3,739 R 1,464,603 727,922 736,681 342,775 159,600 87,446 35,999 38,635 45,800 32,634- 3,477 U 395,310 203,326 191,984- 95,127 19,781 2,464 880 1,297 1,041 2,952 262

Kottayam T 1,732,880 882,580 850,300 427,057 138,058 99,479 13,918 54,692 30,478 95,819 46,829 R 1,567,411 798,454 768,957 389,042 129,102 96,385 13,402 52,887 29,523 93,732 4:6,67~ U 165,469 84,126 81,343 38,015 8,956 3,094 516 1,805 955 2,087 153

A1leppey T 1,811,252 893,435 917,817 407,737 202,687 92,182 17,384- 60,866 55,968 33,127 1,981 R 1,500,821 739,248 761,573 340,660 178,154 87,333 16,254- 58,103 53,150 29,672 1,826 U 310,431 154,187 156,244 67,077 24,533 4,849 1,130 '2,763 2,818 3,455 155

Quilon T 1,941,228 972,657 968,571 445,188 186,162 169,413 30,990 60,272 26,422 33,286 5,214 R 1,796,992 898,746 898,246 412,203 174,451 167,510 30,790 59;533 26,345 30,449 5,152 U 144,236 73,911 70,325 32,985 11,711 J,903 200 7,19 77 2,837 62

Trivandrum T 1,744,531 869,884 814,64-7 400,595 140,296 95,356 20,996 60,847 18,405 25,410 1,628 R 1,295,962 643,845 652,117 298,706 111,295 90,666 19,531 58,144 17,631 15,466 1,441 U 448,569 226,039 222,530 101,889 29,001 4,690 1,465 2,703 774 9,944 187

8 CLASSU'IBD BY SEX

Workers

In Manufactur- At ing other In Transport, Household than Household In Trade and Storage and In Other Industry Industry In Construction Commerce Communications Services Non-Workers IV V VI VII VIII IX X ,....-~ ~~ r----A----. ~----, ..... M F M F M F M F M F M F M F

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24- 25 26 27

188,654 299,908 392,950 136,522 67,664 3,038 298,218 23,715 144,913 7,600 1,034,601 1388,692 : 4,414,889 6,858,493 168,672 272,331 280,911 113,004 54,451 2,407 205,039 16,101 89,397 5,574 822,263 311,347 3,721,962 5,752,411 19,982 27,577 112,039 23,518 13,213 631 93,179 17,614 55,516 2,026 212,338 77,345 692,927 1,106,082

23,349 17,508 58,045 7,306 6,191 265 34,919 2,951 11,251 1,194 113,605 50,249 453,939 696,636 20,427 14,742 34,088 4,588 4,702 176 24,187 1,805 6,467 1,003 94,126 42,034 377,341 566,714 2,922 2,766 23,957 2,718 1,489 89 10,732 1,146 4,784 191 19,479 8,215 76,398 129,922

22,002 29,990 55,116 11,834 7,231 100 52,256 917 26,452 1,233 205,689 56,585 688,760 1,126,723 19,193 25,967 33,576 7,409 5,539 55 35,603 567 15,933 917 171,395 47,137 572,680 932,355 2,809 4,023 21,540 4,425 1,692 45 16,653 350 10,519 316 34,294 9,448 116,080 194,368

27,388 20,078 33,515 5,163 9,921 1,237 26,672 1,771 13,138 173 106,565 52,988 413,361 673,799 25,504 18,320 27,262 3,699 8,834 1,101 19,782 1,498 8,710 123 92,921 46,769 369,564 601,432 1,884 1,758 6,253 1,464 1,087 136 6,890 273 4,428 50 13,644 6,219 43,797 72,367

21,199 31,393 39,184 11,349 6,862 358 31,368 2,009 14,286 1,379 108,494 62,533 427,504 667,919 19,674 30,226 32,800 10,093 5,895 278 23,961 1,609 11,231 1,174- 94,132 53,869 377,348 586,938 1,525 1,167 6,384 1,256 967 80 7,407 400 3,055 205 14,362 8,664 50,156 80,981

20,539 27,886 56,213 12,618 10,584- 466 36,699 2,784 27,563 1,188 120,876 46,980 493,346 749,284- 18,989 26,439 39,463 10,322 8,243 366 21,189 1,830 12,228 731 83,948 34,636 385,147 577,081 1,550 , 1,447 16,750 2,296 2,341 100 15,510 954 15,335 457 36,928 12,344 108,199 172,203

11,815 14,092 31,645 2,300 8,637 233 27,162 1,623 10,683 323 87,125 28,262 455,523 712,242 10,688 12,959 26,909 2,041 7,661 210 20,062 1,134 7,753 249 72,965 22,908 409,412 639,855 1,127 },,133 4,736 259 976 23 7,100 489 2,930 74 14,160 5,354 46,111 72,387

21,703 82,650 44,077 12,037 5,788 125 34,535 1,899 17,181 588 98,278 30,055 485,698 715,130 19,454 13,234 30,923 9,569 4,266 59 22,945 1,307 11,244 364 76,720 22,391 398,588 583,419 2,249 9,416 13,154 2,468 1,522 66 11,590 592 5,937 224 21,558 7,664 87,110 131,71 I

16,645 38,984 46,342 60,978 5,639 93 27,183 1,751 13,395 212 73,013 21,518 527,469 782,409 16,017 37,760 38,260 ' 54,281 4,998 85 22,323 1,549 10,500 181 62,613 18,308 486,543 723,795 628 1,224 8,082 6,697 641 8 4,860 202 2,895 31 10,400 3,210 40,926 58,614-

24,014- 37,327 28,813 12,937 6,811 161 27,424 8,010 10,964- 1,310 120,956 39,522 469,289 734,351 18,726 32,684 17,630 11,002 4,313 77 14,987 4,802 5,331 832 73,443 23,295 345,139 540,822 5,288 4,643 11,183 1,935 2,498 84 12,437 3,208 5,633 478 47,513 16,227 124-,150 193,529

9

(ii) QUILON DISTRICT TABLES

A-General Population Tables

A-I AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION Fly-leaf Eft"eet of States Reorganisation in 1956 5. (1) As from the appointed day there shall be 1. Kerala State was formed with effect from 1st formed a new Part A State to be known as the State of November 1956 as per the States Reorganisation Act, Kerala comprising the following territories namely:- 1956 (Central Act 37 of 1956). Sections 4 and 5 of the (a) the territories of the existing State of Travancore­ States Reorganisation Act, 1956 fixing the territories Cochin, excluding the territories transferred are extracted below:- to the State of Madras by section 4; and "4. As from the appointed day, there shall be (b) the territories comprised in- added to the States of Madras the territories com­ (i) Malabar district, excluding the islands of prised in the Agastheeswaram, Thovala, Kalkulam and Laccadive and Minicoy and Vilavancode taluks of Trivandrum district and the (ii) Kasaragod taluk of South Kanara district; Shencottah taluk of Quilon district; and thereupon the said territories shall cease to form and thereupon pa~t of the States of Travancore-Cochin and Madras, (a) the said territories shall cease to form part ~f respectively. the existing State of Travancore-Cochin; (2) The territories specified in clause (b) of sub­ (b) the territories comprised in the Agastheeswaram, section (1) shall form a separate district to be known Thovala, Kalkulam and Vilavancode taluks as Malabar district in the State of Kerala." shall form a separate district to be known as Kanyak.umar~district in the State of Madras; and Territorial Changes between 1951 and 1961 (c) the territories comprised in the Shencottah taluk 2. The details of changes in jurisdiction of taluks, shall be included in and become part of Tirunel­ villages etc. of the present Quilon district between veli district in the State of Madras. 1951 and 1961 are as follows:- Date of effect Details of change of jurisdiction Notification No. and date 1.7.1956 Transfer of Survey Nos. 305{3, 305{4, 306 to 330, 334 to 349, 350{1, SRN2-3601/56 350/3 to 350/12, 351 to 363 and 367 to 426 of Puliyara lvillage, Sy. Nos. dated 23-6-1956 577 and 578 of Shencottah village and Sy. Nos. 228 to 297 of Achenputhur village II Bit of Shencottah taluk to Arienkavu village of the Pathana­ puram taluk 1.1()"1956 Transfer of portion ofPeriyar Game Sanctuary of Ranni village of SRN 3-24922/56 Pathanamthitta taluk to Mlappara village of Peermade taluk dated 24-9-1956 1-1()"1956 (i) Splitting of Krishnapuram village into two villages Krishna- LR (B)2-2117/56 puram village consisting ofSy. Nos. 10737, 10738 and 12564 dated 28-9-1956 to 19670 and Kayamku1am village consist1ng of Sy. Nos. 1 to 10736 and 10739 to 12563 and the transfer of newly formed Kayamkulam village to Karthigapally ta1uk of AUeppey district (ii) Splitting up of the Omalloor village in Pathanamthitta taluk into Omalloorvillage comprising Sy. Nos. I to 140/1-1,141 to 250, 262, 263, 420 to 439, 486 to 500, 539 to 543 and 586 to 588 and Chenneerkara village comprising Sy. Nos. 140/1-2, 251 to 261,264 t0419, 440 to 485,501 to 538, 544 to 585 and , 589 to 664 (iii) Clubbing of Melukara muri (Sy. Nos. 519 to 550) of Cheru­ kole village in Pathanamthitta taluk with Mallapuzhasseri village in the same taluk and splitting up ofCherukole village into Cherukole village consisting of Sy. Nos. I to 109, 138 to 150, 152 to 157, 336 to 344, 365 to 377, 392 to 404,424 to 440, 451 to 483 and 490 to 518 and Naranganam village consist­ ing ofSy. Nos. 110 to 137, 151, 158 to 335,345 to 364,378 to 391,405 to 423,441 to 450 and 484 to 489

13 Date of effect Details of change of jurisdiction Notification No. and date

1-1().1956 (iv) Splitting up of Valli code village in the Pathanamthitta taluk LR (B)2-2117/56 into Vallicode village consisting of Sy. Nos. 1 to 193, 212 to dated 28-9-1956 219, 260 to 360, 369 to 419 and 614 and Pramadom village consisting of Sy. Nos. 194 to 211, 220 to 259, 361 to 368, 420 to 613, 615 and 616 (v) Separation of Kundamonkara (Sy. Nos. 1 to 109) and Kum­ bazhakara (Sy. Nos. 139 to 150 and 335/1-1) of Kumbazha village and addition with Pathanamthitta village in the same taluk and splitting up of the residual Kumbazha village into four new villages Konni, Airavon, Konnithazhom and Mala­ yalapuzha each consisting of the Sy. Nos. shown against it below:- (a)lKonni:-Sy. Nos. 335/1-3 and 336 to 547 (b) Airavon:-Sy. Nos. 246 to 253, 261 to 334,335/1-4,548 to 569, 610, 611 and 623 (c) Konnithazhom:-Sy. Nos. 110 to 138,207,215 to 245, 254 to 260,335/1-2,570 to 585, 592, 593 and 614 to 616 (d) Malayalapuzha:-Sy. Nos. 151 to 206, 208 to 214, 586 to 591, 594 to 602,612,613,617 to 622 and 624 to 630 (vi) Separation of Nannookadkara of Elanthoor village (Sy. Nos. 313 to)74) Mylaparakara of Ranni village (Sy. Nos. 551 to 569 and 576 to 592) in the Pathanamthitta taluk from their respective mother villages and amalgamation of the same with the then existing Pathanamthitta village (vii) Transfer ofRanni village exc1uding,Mylaparakara to Patha­ namthitta village and splitting up of the Pathanamthitta village into six. new villages viz., Ranni, Angadi, Pazhavan­ gadi, Chethekkal, Vadasserikara and Perunad each consisting of the Sy. Nos. shown against it below:- (a) Ranni:-Sy. Nos. 423 to 550,570 to 575, 593 to 633 and 680 to 694 of Ranni village (b) Angadi:-All the sub-division Nos. ofSy. Nos. 49 (except those included in the Pazhavangadi village), 50 to 91, 261 to 263, 265 to 271, 279 to 421 and sub-division Nos. 1, 2 and 8 to 14 of Sy. No. 422 of Ranni village (c) Vadasserikkara:-All the sub-division numbers of Sy. No. 170 (except those included in pazhavangadi and Perunad villages), Sy. Nos. 192 to 208, 213 to 225, 422/3, 4,5, 7, 15 to 29 and 31,634 to 679,695 to 726, 927 to 930, 939 to 952, 954 to 965, 968, 970 and 971 and the sub-division numbets of Sy. No. 923 (except those included in Perunad village) of Ranni village (d) Chethekkal:-Sy. Nos, 1 to 48, 94 to 98, 776 to 780, 781/1 to 8, 782 to 789, 790/12, 14 and 28, 9q6 and 969 of Ranni village

14 Date of effect Details of change of jurisdiction Notification No. and date

1.10.1956 (e) Pazhavangadi:-Sub-division numbers in Survey LR (B)2-2117/56 No. 49:-49/1, 2B, 3, 4,54,207, 209, 225,227,230,441, dated 28-9-1956 442 to 449 433, 431, 432, 435,434,438,435,551,557, 558,899,559,502,721,545,544,528,529,679,680,623, 644,681,688,689,690,682,683,684,685,686,687,457, 504,453,452,454,572,506,507,510,514,578,584,895, 511,515,513,577,650,509,451, 566, 626,534, and 908 Sy. Nos. 92, 93, 99 to 169, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 170:-170/87, 1297, 661, 153, 1113,645, 1137, 1134, 660, 1115, 1117,5)3, 114, 1116, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 665,667,670,664, 122,663, 124, 125, 710, 747,463,462, 690,432, 125, 123, 830, 1118, 514, 686, 819, 653,441, 844,505,504, 1084, 46t, 62, 511, 713, 677, 925, 673, 124, 691, 712,815, 1304, 128, 1302, 1303,442,872, 127,464, 462, 1087, 1089, 1090, 130, 466, 937, 938, 939, 1210, 1211,940, 941, 942, 292, 1014, 129, 431, 293, 1212, 843, 133, 881, 930, 132, 679, 680, 848, 832, 833, 831, 660, 1136, 686, 134, 687, 140, 135, 697,412, 1075, 112, 1133,676, 18,892, 1142, 510, 1140, 666, 1141, 1132,654,658,694,1190,1145,668,671, 1144, 1143, 672, 915, 151, 1099,475, 692, 170, 428, 696, 882, 139, 140, 138,5,683,684, 142,845,947,472, 143, 144, 944,946,897,898,456,460, 1223, 721, 429, 57, 61, 152, 454, 902, 903, 60, 59, 58, 702, 149, 438, 709, 718, 1306, 655,662, 1,2,3,4,55, 56, 148,904,458, 189,420,421, 260, 277, 20, 259, 867, 1196, 1013, 290, 749, 343, 22, 750, 751, 1052, 341, 342, 340, 753, 19, 1081, 422, 332, 27, 330, 25, 24, 15, 1044, 326, 327, 907, 210, 880, 345, 839, 346, 836, 1183, 34, 33, 404, 455, 900, 136, 448, 37, 363,32,35,971,459,36,465,1250,906, 1091, 1249, 1224, 835,659,353,352,361,31,1184,1180,1182,837,1045, 1230, 1161,820,824,825, 1162,342, 328, 16, 1226, 1227, 212, 1315, 1316, 344, 738, 908, 1155, 1156, 1158, 943, 736, 737, 964, 932, 957, 739,933, 1209, 910, 1314, 1313, 14, 1157, 1311, 1312, 1042, 1043,325,26,323, 1308,24, 422, 1048, 1049, 334, 329, 1046, 1047, 324, 1041, 518, 517,834, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1310, 1309,322, 1039, 1040, 1051,908,335, 1050,321,1038,1181,72,847,13,15,16, 21,23,25,26,28,29,30,31,33,34,35,38 to 51, 53, 55, to 64, 68, and 70. Sy. Nos. 171, 209 to 212,226 to 260, 264, 272 to 278, 422/6, 30, 790/1 to 11, 13, and 15 to 27 and 791 to 803 of Ranni village

(f) Perunad :-Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 170:- 170/20,66, 1215,955,453,896,894,1080,319,1034,869, 870,875,904,905, 836, 435, 1037, 65, 200, 318,405,9, 1036,156,159,163,161,726, 150, 160, 170, 725, 724, 165, 1.,)4,848, 1038,44,509, 1033,313, 1025,303, 1024, 1021, 515, 1022,47,1151, 1063, 1023,302,1020,301, 436, 1062, 1149, 1150, 735, 734, 300, 316, 51, 305, 1026, 533, 168, 315, 512, 46, 48, 525, 173, 49, 528, 878, 529, 755, 756, 171, 296, 175, 1017, 298, 1019, 1018, 1219, 1016, 167,

15 Date of effect Details of change of jurisdiction Notification No. and date

1-10-1956 1218, 727, 288, 166, 314, 307, 306, 556, 859, 304, 319, LR (B)2-2117/56 320,912, 914, 1207,913,316,317,915,954, 1214,822, dated 28-9-1956 700, 67, 714, 310, 1028, 717, 558, 120, 931, 308, 288, 1027, 1216, 1217, 650, 651, 649, II, 1199, 1198, 1200, 896, 188, 10, 652, 187, 1221, 646, 950, 1188, 1189, 181, 185, 75, 182, 764, 184, 763, 767, 183, 765, 862, 866, 1174, 625, 863, 1175, 1096, 756, 769, 770, 754, 752, 746, 191, 772,771,777,719,779,195,914,193,196,170, '744, 774, 773, 192, 194, 780, 776, 1222, 197, 198, 279, 199, 781, 1001, 715, 1002, 1003 to 1007, 743, 280, 433, 279, 743, 278, 741, 1204, 909, 1203, 1172, 1170, 283, 909, 1008, 1009,286,63,421,284, 138,287,952,818, 171,819,951, 52, 138, 1I87, 1030, 31I, 1029, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1152, 737, 1154, 1163, 1031,312, 1231, 1077,413,411, 1232, 1234,1233,999,276,997,275,998,1000,1164,820,274, 994,996,993,272,273,635,271,918,919,920,269,270, 992, 1208,990,268,991,849 and 211, Sy. Nos. 172 to 191, 727 to 775, 781/9 to 74, and 804 to 922, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 923 :-923/2 to 7, 9 to 14, 19,27 to 29, 37 to 40,51 to 53, 57, 58,72, 73, 75 to 78, 80 to 83,85,86, 90, 91, 94 to 97, 100, 102, 116, 118 to 124, 131, 167, 176, 181, 186, 193, 194, 195, 201 to 207, 209,213, 215, 217, 228 to 235, 237 to 239, 244 to 249, 252, 253, 259, 261, 262,302,313,314,319,327,331,341,344,345,347,348, 349, 351, 353, 354, 358, 359, 360, 362 to 366 and 393 to 395, Sy. Nos. 924 to 926, 931 to 938, 953 and 967 of Ranni village

(viii) Splitting up of Sooranad, Poruvazhi, Kunnathur, Pallicka1, Adoor and Kodumon villages of Kunnathur ta1uk into two villages each and of Enadimanga1am village into three, each consisting of the survey numbers shown against each below:- (a) Sooranad North:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 51, 55 to 129,188 to 321, 322, 393 to 487, 587 to 690, 691, 692, 693 and 719 of Sooranad village (b) Sooranad South:-Sy. Nos. 52 to 54,130,187,323 to 392, 488 to 586, 694, 695 to 777, 778 and 780 to 818 of Soora­ nad village (c) Poruvazhi:-Sy. Nos. 95 to 251, 266 to 274, 422 to 429, 433 to 499 and 528 to 542 of Poruvazhi village (d) Sasthamcotta:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 94, 252 to 265,375 to 421, 430 to 432, 500 to 527 and 543 to 714 of Poruvazhi village (e) Kadampanad:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 438,477,478,479,482 to 502, 507, 513 to 519, 628 and 629 of Kunnathur village (f) Kunnathur:-SY. Nos. 439 to 476,480,481, 503 to 506, \ 508 to 512, 520 to 627 and 630 to 890 of Kunnathur village (g) Peringanad:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 235, 255 to 283, 306 to 331 348 to 431, 442 to 444 and 447 of Pallicka1 village

16 Date of effect Details of change ofjurisdiction Notification No. and date

1-1()..1956 (h) Pallickal:-Sy. Nos. 236 to 254, 284 to 305, 332 to 347, LR (B) 2-2117/56 432 to 441, 445, 446 and 448 to 767 of Pallickal village dated 28-9-1956 (i) Adoor:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 137,311 to 412,531 to 619, 716 to 718 and 724 to 781 of Adoor village

(j) Erath:~Sy. Nos. 138 to 310, 413 to 530, 620 to 715, 719 to 723 and 782 to 834 of Adoor village (k) Kodumon:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 232, 241 to 247, 250 to 253, 276 to 294, 334 to 343, 429, to 431 and 433 to 441 of Kodumon village (1) Angadickal :-Sy. Nos. 233 to 240, 248, 249, 254 to 275, 295 to 333, 344 to 428 and 432/1, 2 of Kodumon village (m) Ezhamkulam:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 213, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 214:-214/1-1/1-8,2,3 and 100,4 to 7, 11 to 21,23,24,26 to 42, 45 to 53, 56 to 62, 64 to 71, 78, 83 to 85,87 to 93, 95 to 99, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108A, 109 A, 110 B, 112 to 124, 125 A, 127 A, 128 to 171, 177, 178, 181, 182 to 186, 189 to 218, 219 to 240, 242 to 244,246 to 300, 302 to 420, 422 to 435, 437 to 496,506,553,554,559 to 564, 566 to 572, 575, 576, 579, 583 to 586, 589 to 593, 595,597 to 600,606,607,609 to 623,626 to 631, 214/1-2, 3,4,214/2 to 10,35 to 37 and 42 to 105 Sy. Nos. 215 to 268 and 357 to 402, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 441:- 441/1-1/1,8,9,10,19,21,42,43,44,45,46,54,59 B, 64, 82 A, 152, 153, 159 B, 160 A, 16lB, 162 to 165,167,169, 170A, 179, 180, 181A, 182 A, 187A, 189A, 190A, 2~~ 234 to 238, 242, 247, 248, 273 to 276, 280, 282 to 2'1' 298 to 315,322 to 332, 335, 350, 351, 354, 358, 363'to 370,379,401,402,406,408,459,514,548,550,551,555, 569,581,585,586,587,589,591,593,596,601,602,604, 605,609,610,614,615,617,618,441/41 to 49,102 to 107, 117,118 to 136 and 146 to 148, Sy. Nos. 573 to 682, 684, 687 and 693 to 706, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 713:-- 713/1-1/1, 17e, 27B, 28B, 30B, 73B, 32F, 35B, 37B, 38B, 39,40,41 B, 42 B, 43B, 44B, 45B, 48B, 57B, 58B, 71B, 74e, 75B, 76B, e, 77B, e, 78B, e, 80B, 91B, e, D, 92B, 93B, 110C, 118B, 121A, 121B, 123, 133, 137, 139, 141, 148, 153, 157, 171, 172,187, 188, 189, 194, 195,202,204,207 to 213, 224, 226, 229, 230, 231, 232, 237B, 254,255, 265, 267, 270, 273, 275, 276, 277, 280 to 283, 288, 289, 292, 293 to 301, 304 to 307, 310, 313, 317 to 323, 325, 348, 349,354, 365, 366, 367, 374, 375, 422 to 424, 474 to 488, 492 to 499, 504, 527 to 533, 537, 543 to 547, 713/2 to 24, 27 to 32 and 109/4B, Sy. Nos. 736 to 782, Sub­ division numbers in Sy. No. 783:-783/1-1/1,328 to 333, 337, 339A to 339F, 340,351 to 358, 359, 360 to 364, 378, 434, 463, 464,465,469", 482, 487A to 493B, 495, 543A to 543F, 583A to 593, 595 to 605, 618A to 622A, 1355 to 1468,1513 to 1517, 1608 to 1614, 1622, 783/1-24 and 783/2 to 32 of Enadimangalam village

17 10614198-B Date of effect Details of change ofjurisdiction Notificatio:D No. and date

1-10-1956 (n) Enadi:nangalam:-Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. LR(B) 2-2117/56 214:-214/1-1/22, 25, 54, 55, 55A, B, 62A, 73, 74, 86, dated 28-9-1956 lOeB, 109B, 1I0A, lIlA, I1lB, 122B, 123B, 125B, 126, 1!i.7B, 172A, B, C, 173 to 176, 179 to 181, 187, 188,241, 301,421,436,497 to 505,507 to 523,525 to 552,555 to 558, 565, 573,574, 577 to 582, 587, 588, 594, 596, 601 to 605, 608, 624, 625, 214/11 to 34 and 38 to 41, Sy. Nos. 269 to 356 and 403 to 440, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 441 :-441/1-1/1A,B, 2 to 7,11 to 15, 17A, B, 18B, 20, 22 to 29, 31, 60, 67 B, 82B, 173B, 175B, 176B, 178, 32 to 41,47 to 53, 55A, B, 56, 58, 59A, 61A, B, C, 62A to 621, 63A, B, 155, 170B, 171B, 172B, 174B, 176C, 177B, 59C, D, E, F, 65A, B, 66A to 75, 77, 78,80,81, 81B, 84, 85,154, 156, 157, 158A, B, 159A, B, 160A, B, 161A, 166, 171A, 172A, B, 173A, B, 174A, 175A, 176A, B, 177A, 18IB, 182B, 183 to 186, 188, 189B, 190B, 191A to 226, 228 to 232, 249, 251, 252, 260, 281A, 233, 240, 241, 243 to 246; 250,253,254,255, 256A, B, C, 257, 258, 259, 261 to 272, 277,278, 279A, B, 28lB to H, 296, 297 , 316 to 321, 333, 334, 336 to 349, 352,353,355,356,357,359 to 362, 371 to 378,380 to 400,403,404,405,407,409 to 458, 460 to 513, 515 to 547, 549,552,553,554,556 to 568, 441/1-2 to 6, 441/2 to 40,50 to 101, 108 to 116, 137 to 145 and 149 to 153, Sy. Nos. 442 to 456, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 457:-457/1-1/lB, 2, 3,246,9,245, 11 to 16, 30 to 33, 36,39,53 to 55, 57, 59,60,64,69, 70A, 71, 73 to 78, 80 81, 196,82, to 91, 96A, B, 224, 100, 137, 101, 102, 106, 108, 116, 118, 122. 124, 126. 129 to 136, 138, 239, 140, 141,142.148, 158B, 169, 170,171,174,190,192,193,194, 198, 199,200,201,207,215 to 220, 238, 244, 247, 291A, 248,249,253,255, 256,257B,258,260, 261, 270A, 271. 273A, 273, 262 to 266, 270B, 274, 276A, 279B, 0, 280A, C, 281A, B, 285A, B, 282A, B, 283, 284A, B, 286A, B, 287. 289,290,291, 292A, B, 294A, B, 296, 297A, B, q 298A, B, 299,300, 305 to 308, 317 to 326, 332 to 338, 342' to 344, 347, 351 to 366, 368 to 372, 376 to 378, 402 to 422. 439. 440, 448, 449, 464 to 478. 496 to 508, 513 to 55V. 563, 564, 581 to 584, 598 to 605, 608, 609, 610, 613, 614,627 to 633, 637, 657 to 683, 701 to 707, 709, 710, 715 tp 732, 734, 738A, 744, 745, 746, 755, 756, 759, 760, 765 t~ 787, 795, 796, 799, 801, 803, 805, 807, 808, 809, 811, 812,457/1/2,3,5, 8, 11, 457/2 to 9, 18, 44 to 164 and 171 to 214, Sy. Nos. 458 to 483, 532 to 572, 683, 685,686,688 to 692 ~nd 707 to 712, Sub-divisian numbers in Sy. No. 713:-713/1-1/18B, 19B, 20C, 69B/2, 84B. 98B, 105C, 126B, 129C, 130A, B, 151, 152, 154, 158, 21B, 85B, 86B, 134, 22B, 67B, 23B, 24B, 25B, 26B, 125B, 29C, 3IB, 140B, 33C, 46B, 47B, 49B, SOB, 81B, 51B~ 52B, 53B, 54, 223, 55B, 147, 56B, 57B, 59B, 6OB, 6IB, MB, 65B, 68B, C, 69B, 72B, C, 79C, 99B, 82B, 83B, 87B, 135, 88B, 125A, 155, 89B, 90B, 93, 94C,95D, 96n, 97B, 100B, 101C, 102B, 103B, I04B,

18 Oate of effect Details of change ofjurisdiction Notification No. and da.~

1-10-1956 I06B, 108B, 107B, lIlA, B, 1I2B, 1I3C, 114B, 114C, 115 LR(B)2~2117 /(>6 B, Jl6B, II7B, 166, 167, 168, 174, 175, 179B, 180B, I81A, I!ared .28.9-1956 182B, 183, 184, 185, 186, 191, 192, 119C, 120B, 121B, 122A, B, 123A, B, C, 124A, B, 126A, 127A, B, 131B, 128A B, 129A, 130B, 131A, 132A, B, 136, 178B, 138, 140A, 142 to 146, 149A, B, 150A, B, 156A, B, 159 to 165, 169, 170, 173, 176, 177 A, B, C, D, E, 178A, 179A, 180A, 181B. 182A, 186A, B, 190, 193A, B, 126A, B, 197 to 201, 203, 205, 206, 214 to 221, 384, 225, 227, 228, 233 to 237A, 238 to 253, 256 to 264, 274, 266, 268A, B, 269, 271, 272, 278,279,284 to 287, 290, 291, 302, 303, 308, 309, 311, 312, 314, 315, 3t6, 324A, B, C, 326 to 347, 350 to 353, 355 to 364,368 to 373,376 to 383, 385 to 421, 425 to 473, 489 to 491, 500 to 503, 505 to 526, 534 to 536, 538 to 542, 548, 713/1-2 to 16,26, 713/25,26,33 to 109, 129 and 110 to 120, Sy. Nos. 714 to 735, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 783:-783/1-1/1, 2, 343 to 346, 369,370, 379, 459. 480,481,483 to 485, 562A to 564, 565A, 569, 1095, 1234 to 1354, 1473 to 1512, 1518 to 1531, 1582 to 1581, 1597, 1598, 1619, 1621, 783/1/2,3, 17 to 21, 783/33 to 52, 225 to 310 and 317 to 327 of Enadimangalam village

(0) Koodal:-Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 457:-4571 }-1/1, 143,4,5,6,7,8,10,17, 19 to 29,31,38,40 to 47, 49,50,51,56,98,58, 107,61,62,63,65 to 68, 70B, 72, 254,94,95,97,99,224, 101, 103, 110 to 115, 117, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125, 128, 139, 146, 147,232, 150, 151, 152, 155,158,161,162, 163, 165 to 168, 175 to 179,221 to 223, 225 to 231, 233A, B, 234A, 235, 293B, 236, 240 to 243, 250,252, 256B, C, 257A, 259, 267,268,269, 270B, 212, 275A, 280B, 2758, C, 277, 279A, 287B, 288,289,387,388, 389, 290B, 291B, 293A, 295A, 301 to 3M, 309, 310, 311 to 316,327 to 331, 339 to 341,345,346,348 to 350,367, 373 to 375, 319 to 400, 423 to 438, 441 to 447, 450 to 463, 479 to 495, 509 to 512, 558 to 562. 565 to 580, 585 to 597, 606,607, 61t, 612, 615 to 626,634,635,636,638 to 656, 994,684 to 700, 708, 712, 713, 114, 733, 735 to 738, 739 to 143, 74-7 to 754-, 751, 158, 761 to 764, 788, 789, 790 to 794, 797, 798,800, 802, 804, 806, 810, 457/t-4, 6, 7, 9, 10,457/10 to 17, 19,21 to 43, 165 to 170, and 484 to 531, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 783:-133/1-1/1, 334, 336,338,341,347, 348, 350, 360, 365 to 368. 314, 375 to 311,300,381,383 to 390, 395, 397, 398, 400, 401, 402, 405, 406 to 412, 414 to 4-27, 429 to 4-33, 435 to 449,_452, 454 to 462.466,467,468, 470 to 479, 486, 494, 496 to 508, 510 to 515,525, 516 to 522, 533, 524-, 526 to 532, 534 to 542, 544 to 556, 558 to 561, 565 to 569, 571. 513 to 582, 594, 606 to 611, 626, 630, 631,635,646,655,662 to 665, 674,

675,676,689,696,699,7081 709,785,787,790,793,801, 316 tQ 1094, 1096 to 1233, 1469 to 1472, 1538 to 1561, 1-588 to 1596, 1599 to 1607, 1615 to 1618, 1620, 1623,

18 lOOIU98-B Da~ of elfuot Details of change of jurisdiction N o tJfica tion No. and date

1-10-1956 1624, 797 to 804, 783/1-4 to 16,22,23, 783/53 to 224, 311 LR(B) 2-2117/56 to 316 and 784 to 939 of Enadimangalam village dated 28-9-1956 (ix) Splitting up of Paravoor village of Quilon taluk into two villages, Paravoor village consisting ofSy. Nos. 1 to 3590 and portion of Minor circuit Sy. Nos. 3591 and 6817 to 6846 (outside cadastral survey limits) and Poothakkulam village consisting of the residual portion of Minor circuit Sy. No'!. 3591 and 3592 to 6816 (XI Splitting up of Meenadu village of Quilon taluk into Meenadu village consisting ofSy. Nos. 1 to 5680 and 5790 to 6089 and Kalluvathukkal village consisting of Sy. Nos. 5681 to 5789 and 6090 to 12974 (xi) Splitting up of Eravipuram village of Quilon taluk into Eravipuram village consisting of Sy. Nos. 1 to 6008, 13394 and 13395 and Mayyanadu village consisting of Sy. Nos. 6009 to 13393 (xii) Splitting up of Thrikadavoor village of Quilon taluk into Thrikkaruva village consisting of Sy. Nos. 1 to 4244 and 8303 and Thrikadavoor village consisting ofSy. Nos. 4245 to 8302 (xiii) Splitting up of Perinad village ofQuilon taluk into Mulavana village comprising Sy. No. 4735A portion, 1 to 4693 and 8223 to 8400 and Perinad village comprising Sy. Nos. 1735 B, 4735 A portion, 4736 to 8222 and 8401 to 12630 (xiv) Transfer of Pezhamthuruthu comprising Sy. Nos. 4694 to 4734 and 4735 A portion to Munro Island village of Quilon taluk (xv) Splitting up of Kottarakara, Ezhukone, Veliyam, Velinallur, Chadayamangalam and Kummil villages into thirteen villages each comprising the survey numbers shown against ~t below: (a) Kottarakara:-8y. Nos. 1 to 307 of Kottarakara)village

(b) Neduvathoor:-8y. Nos. 308 to 695 of Kot~akara village (c) Ezhukone:-8y. Nos. 447 to 723 of Ezhukone ~illage (d) Pavithreswaram:-8y. Nos. I to 446 of Ezhukone vUlage (e) Thrippilazhikom:-Sy. Nos. 724 to 1114 of Ezhukope village (f) Veliyam:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 454 of Veliyam village (g) Pooyappally :-Sy. Nos. 455 to 821 of Veliyam village (h) Ve1,inallur:-Sy.Nos. 274 to,631, 65? and 658 of Veli· nallur village \ (i) Elanadu:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 273,632 to 656 and 659 to 725 of Velinallur village (j) Chadayamangalam:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 293, 314, 315. 322 to 579,581,658,660 and 874 of Chadayamangalam village

20 »ate of effect Details of change of jurisdiction Notification No. and date

1-10-1956 (k) Ittiva:-5y. Nos. 294 to 313,316 to 321, 580, 582 to 657 LR(B)2-2117/56 659, 661 to 873 and 875 to 934 of Chadayamangalam dated 28-9-1956 village (I) Kadakkal:-5y. Nos. 1 to 498 of Kummil village (m) Chithara:-5y. Nos. 499 to 717 of Kummil village (xvi) Splitting ~p of Punalur village of Pathanapuram taluk into Punalur village comprising Sy. Nos. 3 to 35, 37 to 53, 55 to 58 and 360 to 731 and Karavalloor village comprising Sy. Nos. I, 2, 36, 54 and 59 to 359 (xvii) Splitting up of Edat;nulackal village of Pathanapuram taluk into Edamulackal village consisting of Sy. Nos. 1 to 170, 172, to 179,367,368,370 to 372,374 to 378,380 to 495 and 497 to 526 and Arakkal village consisting ofSy. Nos. 171, 180 to 366, 369, 373, 379, 496 and 527 to 625 (xviii) Splitting up of Anchal village of Pathanapuram taluk into four villages, Anchal, Alayamon, Yeroor and Kulathupuzha each consisting of the survey numbers shown against it below:- (a) Anchal village :-5y. Nos. 1 to 348, 363 to 450 and 481 to 490 (b) Alayamon village:-5y. Nos. 451 to 480,491 to 553, 700 to 734 and Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 745 :-745- 1-3,4,6, 7,8, 10, to 13, 19 to 26, 28 to 32,34,36 to 38, 40,41,43,51,53 to 61,68,71, 73 to 77, 80 to 85,88,91 to 94,96 to 99, 115 to 122, 124, 126, 127, 128, 130, 138, 139, 144 to 148, 163 to 167, 172 to 175, 177 to 179, 181 to 184, 186 to 194, 199, 201, 202, 204, 206, 208 to 214, 216, 220 to 222, 225, 228, 229, 230, 232 to 251, 253 to 275, 281, 282,289,290,300,302 to 305, 310, 311, 314, 315, 317,318 319, 327 to 365, 370, 372 to 384, 387 to 397, 408, 409, 414 to 439, 441 to 443, 445 to 449, 454, 456 to 479, 481 to 485, 487 to 494, 498 to 502, 504 to 514, 516 to 520, 522 to 530,532 to 545, 548 to 577, 579, 581, 587 to 591, 593, 594, 598, 599, 600, 601, 607, 608, 612, 613, 615 to 623, 627 to 629, 631 to 661, 664 to 666, 668 to 695, 697, 698, 701, 702, 705, 706, 707, 712 to 719, 724 to 734, 739 to 759, 763 to 770, 773 to 779, 781 to 785, 787 to 795, 797, 798, 818 to 832, 836 to 844, 846 to 851, 853 to 856, 858 to 861, 864, 867, 868,869,873 to 875, 877,880,883,884, 885,888,889,891,892,893,898,899,900,903,904,905, 908,910, 911, 912, 914, 916 to 935, 937, 939, 943, 947 to 950,954 to 959, 961 to 964, 967 to 969, 971, 979 to 982, 987,989,999,1000,1002 to 1005, 1009 to 1013, 1016, 1018, 1022 to 1026, 1036 to 1038, 1040 to 1046, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1054,1055, 1064, 1065, 1067 to 1071, 1075 to 1092, 1095, 1098, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1104, 1109, 1112, 1113, 1120, 1122, 1130, 1133, 1134, 1138 to 1141, 1164, 1165, 1178 to 1202, 1204 to 1207, 1209, 1329 to 1359, 1365 to 1371, 1374, 1375, 1378 to 1383, 1386 to 1389, 1392 to

21 10614198-B Date of cdFect Details of change ofjurisdiction Notification No. and elate

1-10-1956 1395, 1397 to 1404, 1426 to 1429, 1431, 1432, 1434 to LR(B)2-2117/56 1449, 1451 to 1455, 1457 to 1462, 1465 to 1476, 1478, dated 28-9-1956 1481 to 1483, 1485, 1487 to 1492, 1494, 1497 to 1504, 1506 to 1510, 1513, 1515, 1516, 1519 to 1521, 1523 to 1532, 1535 to 1539, 1541 to 1553, 1555, 1557 to 1561, 1563 to 1566, 1572, 1573, 1575 to 1577, 1579 to 1584, 1587, 1588, 1590, 1591, 1593, 1595 to 1598, 1602 to 1604, 1606, 1607, 1610 to 1622, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1630, 1631, 1633, 1636, 1637, 1639 to 1641, 1644, 1645, 1649 to 1661, 1666, 1670, 1671, 1673, 1676, 1681, 1682, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1691 to 1698, 1700 to 1703, 1705, 1707 to 1709, 1712 to 1721,1723, 1726, 1727, 1730 to 1733, 1735, 1737 to 1743, 1745, 1747, 1759, 1764, 1768 to 1770, 1799, 1830, 1831, 1834, 1836 to 1838, 1840 to 1845, 1847, 1849 to 1854, 1857 to 1860, 1862 to 2133, 2135 to 2193,219.1) to 2243, 2245 to 2253, 2255, 2257 to 2269, 2271 to 2382, 2384 to 2427, 2429 to 2444, 2446 to 2517, 2519 to 2627, 2672 to 2681, 2683, 2689 to 2693, 2711, 2718, 2730, 2732 to 2735, 2747 to 2765, 2770, 2773 and 2776 to 2786

(c) Yeroor village:-Sy. Nos. 349, 350, 351, 352 to 360, 361, 362, 554 to 699, 742 to 744, 746 to 818, 823 to 865 and Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 745:-745-1-1,2,5,9, 14 to 18,27,39,42,49,50,52,62 to 67,69, 70, 72, 78, 79, 86, 87, 89, 100 to 114, 123, 125, 129, 131 to 134, 149 to 162, 168, 169, 170 , 171, 176 to 180, 185, 195, 198,200, 203, 205,207,215,217 to 219, 223, 224, 226, 227, 231, 252, 276 to 280 283 to 288, 291, 299, 301, 306 to 309, 312, 313, 316, 320, 326, 366 to 369, 371, 385,386,398, 399, 400 to 407, 410 to 413, 440, 444, 450 to 453, 455, 480,486, 495 to 497, 503, 515, 521, 531, 546,547,578, 580, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 592, 595, 597, 602 to 606, 609 to 611,614, 624 to 626, 630, 662, 663, 667, 696, 699, 700, 703, 704, 708 to 711, 720 to 723, 735 to 738, 760 to 762, 771, 772, 780, 786, 796, 799, 800, 817, 833 to 835, 845, 852, 857, 862, 863, 865, 866, 870 to 872, 876, 878, 879, 881, 882, 886, 887, 890, 894 to 897, 901, 902, 906, 907, 909, 913, 915, 936, 938, 940 to 942, 9~ 945, 946,951 to 953, 96(), 965, 966, 970, 972 to 978,983 to 986, 988, 990, 998, 1001, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1014, 1015, 'lOI7, 1019 to 1021, 1027 to 1035, 1039, 1047, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1056 to 1063, 1066, 1072 to 1074, 1093, 1094, 1096, 1097, 1099, 1103, 1105 to 1108,1110,1111,1114 to 1119,1121, 1123 to J.l29, 1131, 1132, 1135 to 1137, 1142 to 1163, 1203, 1208, 1360 to 1364, 1372, 1373, 1376, 1377, l384, 1385, 1390, 1391, 1396, 1405 to 1425, 1430, 1433, 1450, 1456, 1463, 1464, 1477, 1479, 1480, 1484, 1486, 1493, 1495, 1496, 1~051 1511, 1512, 1514, 1517, 1518, 1522, 1533, 1534, 15~O, 1554, 1556, 1562, 1567 to 1571, 1574, 1578, 1585, 1586, 1589, 1592, 1594, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1605, 1608, 1609, 1623, 1624, 1629, 1632, 1634, 1635, 1638, 1642, 1643, 1646 to 1648, 1662 to 1665, 1667 to

22 Date of effect Details of change of jurisdiction Notification No. and date

1-10-1956 1669, 1672, 1674, 1675, 1677 to 1680, 1683 to 1685, 1689, LR(B)2.2117/56 1690, 1699, 1704, 1706, 1710, 1711, 1722, 1724, 1725, dated 28-9-1956 1728, 1729, 1734, 1736, 1744, 1746, 1748 to 1758, 1760, 1763, 1765 to 1767, 1771 to 1798, 1800 to 1829, 1832, 1833, 1835, 1839, 1846, 1848, 1855, 1856, 1861, 2134, 2194, 2244, 2254, 2256: 2270, 2383, 2428, 2445, 2518, 2628 to 2671, 2682, 2684, 2688, 2694 to 2699, 2700 to 2710, 2712 to 2717, 2719 to 2729, 2731, 2736 to 2746, 2766 to 2769, 2771, 2772, 2774, 2775 and Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 822:-822-1-1 to 11, 13 to 15, 17 to 30,34 to 46, 50 to 64, 66, 67, 70 to 78, 80 to 89,91 to lOs, 107 to 313 and 441 to 1085 (d) Kulathupuzha village:-Sy. Nos. 735 to 741, 819 to 821 866 to 976, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 822:- 822-1-10, 16,31 to 33,47 to 49,65,68,69, 79,90, 106 and 314 to 440 and Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 745:- 745-1-lA, 33,35,44 to 48, 90, 95, 135 to 137, 140 to 143, 1166 to 1177 and 1210 to 1328 (xix) Splitting up of Pathanapuram village of Pathanapuram taluk into Pathanapuram, Pidavoor, Edamon and Piravanthur villages

(a) Pathanapuram village:-Sy. Nos. 273/1/9 to 15, 28 to 42, 45 to 92, 231 to 254, 290 to 330, 273J5, 277 to 290, 313 to 317 and Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 335:- 335/1/1 to 10, 13 to 20,22 to 25,27 to 31, 35,38 to 78, 83 to 85,91,93 to 95, 98 to 101, 104 to 107, 110 to 112, 117 to 123, 130 to 136, 138, 140 to 144, 147 to 149, 152, 153, 155 to 169, 170 to 172, 175 to 188, 190, 192 to 194,197, 198,200,203 to 216, 218, 220 to 225, 228 to 234, 236 to 242, 245 to 248, 250, 251, 255 to 260, 262, 2n5, 267 to 269,272 to 275, 279 to 299,308,309,313 to 3]5, 320 to 325, 331 to 333, 336, 337, 340 to 345, 347, 349, 351 to 353, 356, 357, 360 to 362, 366, 368 to 375, 377, 379 to 385,387 to 392, 396, 397,400,402,406 to 414, 416 to 419, 421 to 426, 429,433,438 to 448,450 to 455, 457 to 472. 474 to 489,505 to 507, 509 to 511, 515 to 522, 545, 551. 552, 570 to 574, 583, 584, 587 to 613, 615 to 619, 628 to 637, 642 to 649,665,668, 700, 711 to 75~, 754, 755, 758, 759, 762 to 775, 784, 790 to 801, 803 to 1098, lIOI to 1285, 1288 to 1309, 335/2 to 37, 336 to 528 and 534 to 536

(b) Pidavoor village:-Sy. Nos. 586 to 590, 604 to 611, 613 to 646, 650 to 655, 664 to 679, 686, 687, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 688:-688/1-12 to 14, 16, 18 to 25, .27,28, 34 to 40, 45 to 47, 49,50, 101 to 116, 129 to 242 and Sy. Nos. 689 to 855 (c) Edamon village:-Sy. Nos. 1 to 139, 179 to 184,866 to 871, 872/1 to 36, 43, 52. 55 to 61 and 85, 873 to 894 and 926 23 10814198-B Date of eft'ect Details of change of jurisdiction Notification No. and date

1.10.1956 (d) Piravanthur village:-Sy. Nos. 140 to 178, 185 to 272 LR(B)2-2117/56 Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 273:-273/1 to 8, 16 to dated 28-9·1956 27,43,44,93 to 230,255 to 289, 273/2, 3, 4, Sy. Nos. 274 to 276, 291 to 312, 31B and 319 to 334, Sub-division numbers in Sy. No. 335:-335/1,11, 12,21,26,32 to 34, 36, 37, 79 to 82, 86 to 90, 92, 96, 97, 102, 103, 108, 109, 113 to 116, 124 to 129, 137, 139, 145, 146, 150, 151, 154, 173,174,189,191,195,196,199,201,202,217,219,226, 227, 235, 243, 244, 249, 252 to 254, 261, 263, 264, 266, 270,271,276 to 278, 300 to 307, 310 to 312, 316 to 319, 326 to 330, 334, 335, 338, 339, 346, 348, 350, 354, 355, 358, 359, 363, 364, 365, 367, 376, 378, 386, 393 to 395, 398,399,401,403 to 405, 415, 420, 427, 428, 430 to 432, 434 to 437, 449, 456, 473, 490 to 504, 508, 512 to 514, 523 to 544, 546 to 550, 553 to 569, 575 to 582, 585, 586, 614,620 to 627, 638, 641, 650 to 664, 666, 667, 669,699, 701 to 710,753, 756, 757, 760, 761, 776, 783, 785 to 789, 802, 1099, 1100, 1286 and 1287, Sy. Nos. 529 to 533, 537 to 585, 591 to 603, 612, 647 to 649,656 to 663, 680 to 685,688/1/1 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, to 11, 15, 17,26,30,31 to 33, 41 to 44, 48, 51 to 99 and 118 to 127,856 to 865, 872/1/37 to 39, 51, 66,67,68, 73,80,81 and 90,895,896, 897, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 911, 912 and 920 1.11.1956 Transfer of Shencottah taluk to Madras State SRN3-24922J56 dated 31-10-1956

17-8-1957 Formation of A1leppey district comprising Ambalapuzha, Maveli. B2-1670/51/RD kkara, Karthigapally, ShertaJai, Chengannur and Thiruvalla taluks of dated 13-8.1957 Qpilon district and Kuttanad taluk of Kottayam district Major portion of the present Alleppey district was DeSaidon of Urban Area-A Historical Survey formed part of Quilon district. The changes that have taken place at the taluk and village levels in the 5. It has not been possible to adopt a uniform present Alleppey district between 1951 and 1961 are definition of urban area throughout the world. It furnished in the District Census Handbook for Alleppey differs from country to country even in the ,highly district. industrialised west. In the former State of Travancore, the first census was held in 1816 by Lieutenl,l.nts Ward and Conner. This was followed by one in 1836 and Area F"aprH yet another in 1854 prior to the commencement of the 4. The area figures of the district given by the Imperial Census. In none of these censuses has any Surveyor General, India, is 1,944 sq. miles. The attempt been made to enumerate urban popUlation figure does not tally with the area figures given by as such. After the introduction of the Imperial Census, the Director of Survey and Land Records, Kerala, the first census in Travancore was held in 1875. There which is 1,827.3 sq. miles. The area figures given was no rural-urban classification in this census also. in this handbook are those furnished by the State In the census of 1881 it was ascertained from Director of Survey and Land Records. In regard to local officers what karas or portions of karas were Q)lilon municipal town the area figure was \ furnished comprised in the principal towns and the by the Quilon Municipal Commissioner in consultation figures so totalled were submitted to the Imperial with the Director of Survey, District Collector and Census Commissioner in Travancore. The limits Tahsildar. The area figures of non-municipal towns of those towns were not however, defined. The Census are supplied by the concerned Tahsildars. Commis~ioner of Travancore, therefore, suggested in

24 the Census Report of 1881 that it would be desirable satisfy the criterion laid down for recognition of a town. to define the limits of the chief towns and to census But it was included in the list of towns for 1961 with them separately. In the Census Report of 1891 of the concurrence of the State Government. Travancore it was observed as follows:- I n pursuance of the new definition of a town adopted in this census eight towns (viz., Adoor, Karu. 'In deciding what were towns for census purposes nagapally, Kottarakara, Kozhencherry, Oachira, Patha.. we followed the dictum laid down by Me Ivar in para napuram, Pathanamthitta and Punalur) of 1951 Census 120 of his census report that size, compactness and were declassified as rural. .certain architectural commercial or industrial features are all considerations which would go ~ make up the 6. The following statement gives thf' number of definition of a town'. The Census report of 1901 of towns for the various censuses:- Tranncore followed the definition of the Imperial Progress of Cetlsus Towns Since 1901 Census according to which a town included- 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 (i) every municipality of whatever size; 1145593

(ii) all civil lines not included within the muni­ CellsuS VDlage cipal limits; 7. For the purpose of the 1961 Census a village means a revenue village. These villages have karas (iii) every cantonment and as the constituent units in most cases. Unlike in the (iv) every other continuous collection of houses, previous censuses the karas have not been treated as perinanently inhabited by not less than census villages in 1961. Tables A-I and A-III are 5,000 persons which the Provincial Super­ given on the basis of revenue villages. However, in intendent may decide to treat as a town for view of the different definitions of a census village census purposes. adopted in the previous census a special Table A-III Accordingly, Quilon was treated as a Municipal. is given furnishing the number of census villages accord~ ing to the definition of census village in Census town. No new town was added in the 1911 Census. 1951 also i.e., according to the number of karas. Quilon In the 1921 Census Karunagapally, Kottarakara and Punalur were declared as towns. In this list Patha­ district has 99 revenue villages out of which one village wholly and five villages partly in towns. The parti. namthitta was added in the 1931 Census. No new culars of this item are given in statement 1 of Part A town was added in the 1941 Census. In the 1951 Census four places viz., Adoor, Kozhencherry, Oachira supra. and Pathanapuram were treated as towns for the first CeIlSUS House time. Owing to the growing importance of urbani­ 3. A census house is a structure or part of a stru­ sation the 1961 Census laid down a three-fold criterion cture inhabited or vacant, giving on the mad or a for clasSification of an area as a town besides corpora­ common staircase or a common courtyard leading to a tions/municipalities, civil lines and cantonments which a main gate or enjoying a separate entrance. It may were automatically recognised as towns. According be a dwelling, a shop, a shop-cum.dwelling, a work­ to this crit'e.rioIi only places with a minimum population shop-cum-dwelling or a place of husiness, workshop, of 5,000 persons and density of not less than, 1,000 school etc. persons per sq. mile with at least 75 per cent of the male populatiop. engaged in non-agricultural pursuits Occupied ResideDtial House that could be recognis~d as a town. The population, 9. An occupied residential house is a census house density and extent of male population engaged in occupied by one or more census households non-agricultural pursuits were to be determined with and includes a shop-cum-dwelling, workshop· reference to the census figures of 1951. Exceptions cum-dwelling and a dwelling with other uses. Even were, however, allowed where an area may have a where more than one household occupy one census population of less than, 5,000 but has definite urban house, it is considered as only one occupied residential characteristics and amenities. Similarly where a place house. was treated as a town in 1961 if the State Government desired that it should be treated as a town in 1961, Natural DivisioDs it was considered as an exceptional case. In 1961 10. In the census of 1901 of Travancore the State two places viz., Kilikollur and Kundara were treated was split into two natural divisions, based Oil geogra­ as census towns. Of these Kundara town doe~ not phical and meteriological features. Tht> two divisions

25 were (i) Littoral division and (ii) the Eastern or Upland (ii) Midland comprising of areas lying between division. Of these Quilon and Karunagapally were 25 feet and 250 feet above the mean sea level classified in the Littoral division while the other taluks (iii) Lowland consisting of the areas falling formed part of the Eastern or Upland division. The below 25 feet above the mean sea level. same set up was continued in the census of 1911 also. But in the census of Travancore of 1921 a different Since the contour maps of the Survey of India for procedure was accepted with the following remarks. Kerala shows the contours only upto 50 feet, it waS "For purposes of the census (in 1911) the State was inevitable that the determination of the areas falling divided into two natural divisions Littoral (Western) in the classification of lowland had to be done with and Mountainous (Eastern). As, by such a division, a reference to the reports of the Municipal Commissioners third part of the country lying between them and and Tahsildars who had necessarily to depend upon partaking of the characteristics of neither the one nor a certain amount of approximation for the purpose. the other was left without separate treatment and as There are, indeed, some revenue villages lying partly it was seen from the Geological Survey of the State in one classification and partly in another. In all made after the last census that the country was divisible such cases the village was classified according to the into three distinct areas running almost parallel to category in which its major portion fell. In the case one another from north to south and as they were also of towns also the same principle was followed. It found to differ widely in respect of the class of people could be said with some amount of gratification, but forming the majority of their inhabitants and occupa­ not without some reservation due to the non-availa­ tions pursued by, and the diseases prevailing among them bility of contour maps below 50 feet above the mean it was decided this time to divide the State into three sea level, that for the first time in Kerala, the classi­ Natural divisions, the Sea-coast, the Inland and the fication by natural divisions has been done on the Mountainous". As recorded in the 1931 Census report basis of contour lines. the above classification had some defects in that 'care was not taken to make the boundaries of the division APPENDICES co-terminous with the variations in the natural con­ Appendix I ditions'. These defects were rectified in 1931 Census and' three divisions were renamed as the Highland, the 11. This appendix gives the 1951 territorial units Midland and the Lowland. There was no change constituting the present set-up of Quilon district down in the boundaries of these divisions in 1941. By 1951 t? taluk level. All notified changes that have taken place the integration of Travancore and Cochin had SInce 1951 Census are incorporated in this Appendix. already taken place. In the census of 1951 of Travan­ 12. The revised area figures, based on the latest core-Cochin, therefore, the classification of the State village-wise figures furnished by the Director of Survey into three natural divisions viz., Highland, Midland and Land Records, ~ere adopted for preparing this and Lowland, was followed, "the highland comprising Appendix. the Ghats which gradually decrease in height as they 13. The sub-appendix to Appendix I of Table' A-I go west", 'the midland or the central belt consisting shows the area of Quilon municipal town which had of series of uplands and plains which sink gradually undergone changes in area since 1951. _ in level towards the west' and 'the lowland or littoral trace. The above classification was followed down Appendix IT to the level of the revenue villages, a procedure adopted 14. Appendix II to Table A-I shows the number for the first time in the Census Report of Travancore of villages with a population of 5,000 and towns with a in 1941. In none of the Census Reports referred to population under 5,000 for each taluk. There is no above the contour lines which divide the natural town in the district with a population of less than 5 000 divisions have been given. In the present Census in 1961. ' natural divisions are formed based on the contour lines the whole State being divided into three natural divisions Appendis m based on the following criterion:- 15. Appendix III to Table A-I furnishes figures of (i) Highland consisting of areas lying 250 feet houseless and institutional population. . An institution and over above the mean sea level is a place where unrelated persons are living together.

26 A·I AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION··

Number of Number tPopu- villages ofoccu- lation _--..A.--__ Total ,-J---_Area in __ Number pied resi- Population District/Tal uk/ Rural per In- Un-in- of dentia1 ,..------"'----_ Town Urban Sq. miles Sq. km. Sq. mile habited habited towns houses Persons Males Females 2 3(a) 3(b) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q.un.ON DISTRICT T 1,827.3 4,732.7 1,062 98 3 328,673 1,941,228 972,657 968,571 R 1,812.3 4,694.0 992 98 307,101 1,796,992 898,746 898,246 U 15.0 38.7 9,648 3 21,572 144,236 73,911 70,325

HIGHLAND R 1,148.8 2,975.3 325 22 64,041 373,125 189,088 184,037

MIDLAND T 540.8 1,400.8 1,811 56 168,251 979,199 488,112 491,087 R J36.5 1,389.6 1,786 56 1"64,935 958,254 477,369 480,885 U 4.3 11.2 4,860 3,316 20,945 10,743 10,202

LOWLAND T 137.7 356.6 4,277 20 2 96,381 588,904 295,457 293,447 R 127.0 329.1 3,666 20 78,125 465,613 232,289 233,324 U 10.7 27.5 11,588 2 18,256 123,291 63,168 60,123

Patlaanamthltta R 762.8 1,975.6 "37 19 57,684 333,310 167,540 165,770 talak HIGHLAND R 695.3 1,800.8 266 10 31,969 184,855 94,006 90,849

MIDLAND R 67.5 174.8 2,199 9 25,715 148,455 73,534 74,921

KaaDathar taluk R 150.6 390.1 1,581 16 42,286 238,043 118,877 119,166

HIGHLAND R 33.6 87.0 930 2 5,318 31,252 15,670 15,582

MIDLAND R 117.0 303.1 1,767 14 36,968 6,7!:11 103,207 103,584 lC.lU'QDagapaUy R 77.9 201.8 3,iQ4 11 46,091 265,187 133,004 132,183 taluk

•• Thi, table includes area, houses and population of unsurveyed forest areas also. t The sq. km. and density figures of urban areas oftaluk(district are worked out using the area figures corrected upto two places of decimals obtained by adding the areas of the towns in the respective units and not using the area figures given in the table. In addition to this the area figures relating to sq. km. are further adjusted to make the talukfdistrict totals agree. The sum of areas given separately for Highland, Midland and Lowland areas for each taluk in each of the two categories-Total and Rural-will differ .lightly from the consolidated figure given for the taluk as a whole. This is due to the differences in computation at the level oC decimals for die natural divisions of each taluk. New towns in 1961 are printed in italics. M.-Municipal N.M.-Non-Municipal 21 A.-I AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION-concid.

Number tPopu- Number of villages ofoccu- Total Area in 1ation ,-----A-----, Number pied resi- Population Oistrict/Ta1ukf Rural per In- Un-in- of dential Town Urban Sq. miles Sq.km. Sq.mile habited habited towns houses Persons Males Females 2 3(a) 3(b) .{ 5 6 7 8 9 JO 11

MIDLAND R 7.6 19.7 2,755 3,515 20,937 10,572 10,365

LOWLAND R 70.3 182.1 3,474 10 42,576 244,250 122,432 121,818

QuDoutaluk T 146.8 380.2 3,580 18 3 83,570 525,590 263,059 262,531 R 131.8 341.5 2,893 18 61,998 381,354 189,148 192,206 U 15.0 38.7 9,648 3 21,512 144,236 73,911 70,325

MIDLAND T 79.4 205.7 2,279 8 29,765 180,936 90,034 90,902 R 75.1 194.5 2,130 8 26,449 159,991 79,291 80,700 U 4.3 11.2 4,860 3,316 20,945 10,743 10,202 Kundara (N.M.) U 4.31 11.16 4,860 3,316 20,945 10,743 10,202

LOWLAND T 67.4- 174.5 5,1H 10 2 53,805 344,654 173,025 171,629 R 56.7 147.0 3,904 10 35,549 221,363 109,857 111,506 U 10.7 27.5 11,588 2 18,256 123,291 63,168 60,123 Kililcollur (N.M.) u 4.33 11.21 7,453 4,741 32,273 16,361 15,912 Qullon (M) U 6.31 16.34 14,424 13,515 91,018 46,807 44,211

MIDLAND Kottarakara It 212.9 551.4 1,556 18 56,273 331,361 165,528 165,833 talak Pathanapuram R 476.3 1,233.6 520 16 .f2,769 24.7,737 124.,649 123,088 talak \ HIGHLAND

R 119.9 1,087.5 374 10 261754 157,018 79,412 77,606

MIDLAND .. 56.4- 146.1 1,6(}8 6 16,015 90,719 45,237 45,482

28 A·~ AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION

APPENDIX I Statement showing 1951 territoritd units constituting the present set-up of Q1lilon district

Only those territorial units which have undergone changes since 1951 have been shown in this Appendix. The area figures ofseveral taluka given in the A·I table of 1951 Census do not tally with the total area of the ultimate units given in the rural and urban statistics of the District Census Handbooks. These discrepancies are not also seen explained anywhere. Hence these area figures have not been accepted for purposes of this Appendix. Instead, the area figures arrived at in consultation with the Director of Survey and Land Records, Kerala, District Collector, Municipal Commissioners and Tahsildars have been adopted. The area figures ofportions transferred to this State exhibited in this Appendix will not, therefore, agree with those furni,hed by the Superintendents of Census Operations, Madra& and MY!lOre.

Detail. of gain in territories Details of los, in t("rritories Net area (Gain '+', Loss •..J.....) ,..------_.....,. ---_._---, r------'--.. ------., r------~._------~, 1951 Area in ,__.--A.Area__ in , Territorial .-----"-----. District/Taluk Unit.'1 Brief description Sq. miles Sq. km. BrIef description Sq. miles Sq. km. Sq. mJie, Sq.km.

~ 2 ~ 5 6 I 8 9 10 .

QUILON Q.uilon (!listrict 905.7 2,345.7 (-·)905.7 (-)2,345.1 DlSTRlCI' (i) Ambalapuzha (128.4 Sq. 648.3 1,679.1 miles),Shertalai (123.7 Sq. miles) ,Mavelikkara( 113.4 Sq. miles), Karthigapally (72.4 Sq. miles) and Thi- ruvalla (except Pulikallu in Kallooppara village) (210.4 Sq. miles) taluks transferred to newly formed Alleppey District. (ii) Pulikallu in Kallooppara 0.9 2.3 village ofThiruvalla taluk transferred to Kottayam District. (iiI) Puthuppally village and 16.3 42.2 portion of Krishnapuram village (now known as Kayamkulam) of Karu- nagapally taluk trans· fei-red to newly formed Alleppey District. (iv) Portion of Periyar Game 172.4 446.5 Sanctuary in Ranni village of Pathanamthitta taluk transferred to Peermade taluk of Kot· tayam District. (v) Shencottah taluk (except 67.8 175.6 Arienkavu, Edapalayam and Kazhuthayuritty vil· lages of Puliyara pakuthy, Achankovil village of Achanputhur pakuthyand a portion of Shencottah pakuthy with a popula- tion of 20) transferred to Thirunelveli District of Madras State. 29 A-I AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION

Staltm3ll1 showing 1951 tmitorial units consfitutin.~ the present set-up of Quilon di$trict-(cotjtd.)

Details ofgain in territori~ })etails Ofl()86 in territories Net area ,..---- _---.A--___.___ -. r------, ,Gain '+', Loss '~') 1951 Area in Area in r- --- ___,._____~- """' Territorial r------A- --. r---~-- ---, District/Taluk Units Brief description Sq. miles Sq. km. Bricf de&C1 iption Sq. miles Sq. km. Sq. miles Sq. km. '3 7 8 9 10

Pathananl­ Patbanamthitta :Portion 01 Periyar Game 172 .4- 44-6.:i ,- ) 172.4 (-)4-1-1).5 dUtta taluk Sanctuary in Ranni vilJage Ta1uk transferred to Peelmade taluk (It' KotUl}'am Dis- trict

Karunaga.- Karwlagapall, PuthupPdlly village and 16.3 42.2 f~) IG.'{ (-) 42.2 pally talllk portion of Krishnapuram Taluk village (now known as Kayamkulam) transferred to Kal'thigapally raJuk of AllcJ.:lpev Diatrict.

Pathana­ Pathanaputam Arlenkavu, Eda· 60.6 157.0 (+) 60.6 (+) 157.0 puram taM: palayam and Talnk Kazhutbayuritty bras of Puliyara village Achankovil kara of Achenpu+ !hur village and a portion of Shen­ cottah village with a population of 20 of fonner Shen­ cottah taluk

SUB-APPENDIX TO APPENDIX I Staumet# showing tJy6tJfor 1951 and 1961 for tMse mllnicipal/owns wMch lutve undergone chlmges in ana sinCt 1951 CmsNS

,- Area___ in .-A. Sq. _____miles _, Name of municipal tOwn Remluk" 1951 1001

{,luilon 6. J-; I, ~l

30 A-I AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION

APPENDIX D Number of uUlages with a population of 5.000 and over and towns mith a population under 5,000

Villages with a population of 5,000 and over Towns with a population under 5,000 ~ Percentage of Percentage of total rural total urban population of population of District/Taluk Number Population the district Number Population the district 2 3 4 5 6 7

Q,UlLON DISTRICT 98 1,796,917 100.00 Pathanamthitta taluk 19 333,235 18.54 16 238,043 13.25 Kunnathur " 11 265,187 14.76 Karunagapally " 18 381,354- 21.22 Quilon " 18 331,361 18.44 Kottarakara " 16 247,737 13.79 Pathanapuram "

APPENDIX m Housews and Institutional Population

Houseless population Institutional population Total .A-- Rural ~ Persons Males Females DistrictfTalulc Urban Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3,946 2,118 QVILON DISTRICT T 2,126 1,629 497 6,064 R 1,511 1,062 449 3,022 1,988 I,OH U 615 567 48 3,042 1,958 1,~ 327 87 Pathanamthitta taluk R 356 251 105 414 R 178 124 54 154 89 65 Kunathur " R 273 218 55 113 62 51 Karunagapally " 2,504 1,448 Qpilon T 751 646 105 3,952 .. S64 R 136 79 57 910 546 U 615 567 48 3,042 1,958 1,084 R 157 98 59 606 411 195 Kottarabra " 271 Patbanapuram .. R 411 292 119 825 553 31 A-II V AlUA110N IN POPULATION DURING FORTY YEARS

Oy-leaf'

Adjustments of Population the case of the entire unit was applied to the affected 1. Table A-II furnishes the variation in population portions also. for the last five Censuses from 1921 to 1961 adjusted 2. In estimating the population of this district for according to the present jurisdiction of the district. 1941 wherever the population figures were not available A full account of the territorial changes between 1951 as such for any portion of a unit affected by the territo­ and 1961 affecting the jurisdiction of the district and rial changes it was assumed that the proportion of the taluks are given in the fly-leaf to Table A-I supra. population of that affected portion to the population of The districts were brought up-to-date as in 1961 on the whole unit as per the 1951 Census was applicable the basis of these changes. Where the territorial to the previous census also. Thus the formula applied changes affected the units within the district the popu~ was, lation figures were available in the District Census Handbooks for 1951 Census if such changes related to The population of the entire The population of the the entire tracts or units adopted for that Census. unit in the 1941 Census X affected portion in the Except in the case of urban areas such units went The population of the entire 1951 Census down to the level of villages and karas. Where, unit in the 1951 Census however, the changes affected either an entire urban The same formula was applicable to the previous tract or the ultimate rural unit which may be a village censuses mutatis mutandis i.e. for the year 1951 the or kara, as the case may be, the population of the Census year prior to the one for which the population affected portion had to be estimated. For purposes had to be fixed was substituted and for the year 1941 of this estimation in the case of the 1951 population the year of the particular Census for which the popu­ it was assumed that the proportion of the population lation had to be estimated was given. For purposes of the affected portion to the total population of that of sex distribution the proportion applicable for the particular unit is the same as the proportion of the area entire unit in the previous census was made applicable of that affected portion bore to the total unit. Hence, for the affected portion in the concerned census also. the formula adopted for estimating the 1951 popula­ tion in the case of areas affected by changes was, Appendix Area of the affected portion Population of the ~--~---;-2-.--,-. X . . The area of the entrre umt entire unlt 3. The Appendix to Table A-II furnishes the area and population affected by each territorial change of In estimating the male and female population of such jurisdiction since 1951. The foot-note of this appendix affected portions the same sex-ratio which existed in gives the dates of transfers.

32 A-II VARIATION IN POPULATION DURING FORTY.YEARS

Decade Percentage] District/Taluk Year Persons variation decade variation Males Females 2 3 4 5 6

Q,'VILON DISTRICT 1921 712,206 360,034 352,172 1931 910,806 +198,600 +27.89 455,898 454,908 1941 1,142,054 +231,248 +25.39 569,622 572,432 1951 1,473,995 +331,941 +29.07 739,252 734,743 1961 1,941,228 +467,233 +31.70 972,657 968,571

Pathanamthitta taluk 1921 104,002 53,980 50,022 1931 142,632 + 38,630 +37.14 72,863 69,76S 1941 198,223 + 55,591 +38.98 100,342 97,881 1951 251,779 + 53,556 +27.02 127,566 124,21a 1961 333,310 + 81,531 +32.38 167,540 165,770

Kunnathur 1921 93,463 4,1,421 46,042 " 1931 117,110 + 23,647 +25.30 58,678 58,432 1941 144,742 + 27,632 +23.59 72,459 72,283 1951 185,072 + 40,330 +27.86 92,134 92,938 1961 238,043 + 52,971 +28.62 118,877 119,166

Karunagapally 1921 130,622 64,945 65,677 " 1931 158,958 + 28,336 +21.69 78,322 80,636 1941 180,174 + 21,216 +13.35 88,999 91,175 1951 212,041 + 31,867 +17.69 106,187 105,854 1961 265,187 + 53,146 +25.06 133,004 132,183

Quilon 1921 198,284 98,840 99,444 " 1931 249,652 + 51,368 +25.91 123,536 126,116 1941 306,588 + 56,936 +22.81 151,349 155,239 1951 '397,760 + 91,172 +29.74 19.8,658 199,102 1961 525,590 +127,830 +32.14 263,059 262,531

Kottarakara 1921 108,753 55,307 53,446 " 1931 137,621 + 28,868 +26.54 69,160 68,461 1941 187,817 + 50,196 +36.47 93,504 94,313 1951 250,202 + 62,385 +33.22 125,229 124,973 1961 331,361 + 81,159 +32.44 165,528 165,833

Pathanapuram 1921 77,082 39,541 37,541 " 1931 104,833 + 27,751 +36.00 53,339 51,494- 1941 124,510 + 19,677 +18.77 62,969 61,541 1951 177,141 + 52,631 +42.27 89,478 87,663 1961 247.737 + 70,596 +39.85 124,649 123,088

33 106J4198-B A..JI VAJUATION IN POPULAnON DVRJNG FORTY YEARS

APPENDIX

Statement showing 1951 population according to their territorial jurisdiction in 1951, clumges in ana and - the population involved in those changes , (The State of Kerala was created on 1st day of November 1956 by Central Act No. 37 of 1956 out of the former State of Travancore-Cochin and parts of Malabar and South Kanara districts of Madras State)

1951 population Population Net Increase according in 1951 or decrease Area in 1961* Area in 1951* to jurisdic- adjusted to between DistrictfTaluk 1961 tion prevail- jurisdiction coluIllJll Sq. miles Sq. km. pupulation Sq. miles Sq. km. ing in 1951 of 1961 7 and 8 1 2 3 4- 5 6 7 8 9

**Q.UILON DISTRICT 1,827.3 4,732.7 1,941,228 2,733.0 7,078.4 3,026,822 1,4'73,995 -1,552,827 (-905.7) (-2,345.7) (-1,552,827) t Pathanamthitta taluk 762.8 1,975.6 333,310 935.2 2,422.1 251,779 251,779 (-172 .4) (-446.5) Kunnathur 238,043 150.6 390.1 185,072 185,072 " 150.6 390.1 tt Karunagapally 77.9 201.8 265,187 94.2 244.0 256,578 212,041 -44,537 " (-16.3) (-42.2) (-44,537) 380.2 397,760 397,760 Quilon " 146.8 380.2 525,590 146.8 Kottarakara 331,361 212.9 551.4 250,202 250,202 " 212.9 551.4 ~ Pathanapuram 476.3 1,233.6 247,737 415.7 1,076.6 171,992 177,141 +5,149 " (+60.6) (+157.0) (+5,149)

*Area figures under columns 2, 3, 5 and 6 relate to the area figures by the State Survey Department

*"'From 1st October 1956 territorial re-distribution oftaluks and villages in the Quilon district was effected. As per the States Reorgani­ sation Act, 1956, Shencottah taluk was transferred to the Madras State. On Ist November 1956 a new taluk was formed by name 'Chengannur'. A new district by name A11eppey as headquarters comprising the Shertalai, Ambalapuzha, Thiruvalla, Chengannur Karthigapally and Ma velikkara taluk of Quilon district and Kuttanad taluk of Kottayam district was formed with effect from 17th August 1957. t Portion of Periar Game Sanctuary which formed part of Ranni village of Pathanamthitta taluk was transferred to Mlappara village of Peermade taluk of Kottayam district. \ I tt Puthuppally village and the newly formed Kayamkulam village were transferred to the Karthigapally taluk of Alleppey district, t Arienkavu, Edapalayam and Kazhuthayuritty karas of Puliyara village, Achenkovilkara of Achenputhur village and a portion of Shencottah village with a population of 20 of former Shencottah taluk were transferred to th~ Pathanapura:m tal uk.

34 A-m VILLAGES CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION Fly-leaf

L The definition of village has been given in the 2. The statement given below shows the percentage fiy-leaf to table A-I. Besides table A-III which gives of population of each taluk living in villages of various the revenue villages by population sizes another table population sizes:- furnishing the distribution of karas according to the population sizes has also been given i:q a special table A-III.

Percentage of population living in villages of various population si~es with reference to thB total rural population in each talulc, 1961

District/Ta1uk Less than 500 500-999 1,000-1,999 2,000-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000 and above

Qun.ON DISTRICT 0.01 3.93 96.06

Pathanamthitta taluk 0.02 2.62 97.36 Kunnathur " 7.89 92.11 Karunagapally " 3.42 96.58 Quilon " 2.00 98.00 Kottarakara " 100.00 J:'athanapuram " 10.68 89.32 The population given under the group 'less than 3. The subjoined statement gives the percentage 500' relates to the population of unsurveyed forest of villages by class of village according to population areas. sizes in 1961:-

Percentage of villages by class of village, 1961

District/Taluk Less than 500 500-999 1,000-1,999 2,000-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000 and above

Qun.ON DISTRICT 8.16 91.84 \ Pathanamthitta taluk 5.26 94.74 12.50 Kunnathur " 87.50 9.09 Karunagapally " 90.91 5.56 Quilon " 94.44 Kottarakara 100.00 Pathanapuram .. 18.75 81.25 SPECIAL TABLE A·m KARAS CLASSmED BY POPULATION Fly-leaf

The 1961 Census village (i.e. revenue village) has I Population of less than 200 persons karas as its constituent units. These constituent units 2 200-499 " have been treated as census villages in the previous 3 " 500-999 " censuses. This necessitated the preparation of a 4 " 1,000-1,999 " Special Table A-III. This table gives the figures for 5 " 2,000-4,999 " the number and population of karas in the following 6 " 5,000-9,999 " population groups. 7 " " 10,000 and above 35 10614198-B A-ID VILLAGES CLASSIFIED

I Village with less than 2,000

Less than 200 200-499 500-999 Total F ~ , ~ No. of Total rural population Population Population Population inhabited ,----.... ~o. of ,. .. , No. of,..----.J.----. No. of,.. .____, Dismct/Taluk villages Persons Males Females villages Males Females villages Males Females villages Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

QUILON DISTRICT 98 1,796,992 898,746 89',241 42 33

1 Pathanamthitta taluk 19 333,310 167,540 165,770 42 33 119,166 2 Kunnathur " 16 238,043 118,877 265,187 133,004 132,183 3 Karunagapally " 11 4 Quilon 381,354 189,148 192,206 " 18 5 Kottarakara 331,361 165,528 165,833 " 18 6 Pathanapuram 247,737 124,649 123,088 " 16 Note:-This table includes population of unsurveyed forest areas also. Entries against males and females with nil entry against number of villages indicate population of unsurveyed forest area only.

SPECIAL TABLE A-m KARAS " ..

I Karas with less than 2,000 ,....- .A.-__ Less than 200 200-499 500-999 Total """I No. of Total rural population Population Population Population inhabited No.of,..~ No,of~ No.of~ District/Taluk karas Persons Males Females karas Males Females karas Males Females karas Males Females

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

QuaON DISTRICT 766 1,796,992 898,746 898,246 9 831 825 38 7,559 7,646 136 50,396 50,023

1 Pathanamthitta taluk 103 333,310 167,540 165,770 2 193 181 10 1,976 2,020 15 5,116 5,128 6 2 Kunnathur " 114 238,043 118,877 119,166 44 53 1,144 1,166 23 8,747 8,803 4 3 Karunagapally " 109 265,187 133,004 132,183 786 793 13 5,340 5,164- 4- Quilon " 149 381,354 189,148 192,206 2 143 148 5 935 926 27 10,478 10,735 5 Kottarakara " 190 331,361 165,528 165,a33 3 255 279 9 1,485 1,515 38 13,970 13,510 4 6 Pathanapuram " 101 247,737 124,649 123,088 196 164 1,233 1,226 20 6,745 6,683 Nate:-This table includes population of forest areas also.

36 BY POPULATION

III Village with a population population II Village with a population of 2,000-9,999 of 10,000 and above ~ ~ ,------A----~ 1,000-1,999 2,000-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000 and above ---A----_~ Population Population Populatlon Population No. of No. of No. of No. of r------"-----~ villages Males Females villages Males Females villages Males Females villages Males Females

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

- a 35,563 35,112 90 863,141 863,101 ... 4,452 4,275 18 163,046 161,462 2 9,338 9,432 14 109,539 109,734- 2 4,482 4,600 10 128,522 127,583 S

3,938 3,706 17 185,210 188,500 4

18 165,528 165,833 5

3 13,353 13,099 13 111,296 109,989 6

OLASSU'IED BY POPULA'ftON

III Karas with a population population \ II Karas with a population of 2,000-9,999 of 10,000 and above -, --, 1,000-1,999 2,000-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000 and above

" Population Population Population Population No. of No. of No. of No. of F "- bras Males Females bras Males Females karas Males Females karas Males Females

15 '16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

251 184,8.18 184,9~ 265 486,519 f07,927 5S 173,577 17f,S7t 12 75,026 72,301

23 18,319 17,925 34 54,580 54,898 12 42,435 42,479 7 44,921 43,139

40 29,633 29,795 39 59,520 59,621 4- 13,444- 13,589 6,345 6,139 2

34 25,120 25,030 49 74,230 73,842 9 27,528 27,354- 3

47 33,824 34,339 47 73,756 74,946 19 59,027 60,345 2 10,985 10,767 4-

78 55,657 55,938 61 91,714- 92,005 2,447 2,586 5

29 22,285 21,923 35 52,719 52,615 10 28,696 28,221 2 12,775 ]2,256 6

37 106IU98-B A-IV TOWNS (AND TOWN-GB.OUPS) CLASSIFIED BY POPULA110N IN 1961 WITH VAlUATION SINCE 1901

Fly-leaf

Detinition of Town Clasb III-Towns with a population of 20,000 - 49999 1. This has been given ill fly-leaf to table A-I Class IV-Towns with a population of 10,000 - 19'999 supra. Class V-Towns with a population of 5,000 - 9:999 Class VI-Towns with a population ofless than 5,000 Classification of Cities and Towns Change in Classification of Towns with 2. The towns are classified according to their popu­ their Status lation as given below:- 3. The following statement gives the class and status Class I-Towns with a population of 100,000 and above of each town for the last seven censuses. Jlass II-Towns with a population of 50,000 - 99,999

Changes in Classification of Towns, 1901 to 1961

Town 1961 1951 1941 1931 1921 1911 1901

Kilikollur IlI(T) 2 Kundara III(T) 3 Quilon II(M) II(M) II1(M) III(M) III(M) IV(M) IV(MC) 4 Adoor D IV(T) 5 Karunagapally D VeT) VeT) VeT) VI(T) 6 Kottarakara D VeT) VeT) VeT) VeT) 7 Kozhencherry D VeT) 8 Oachira D VeT) 9 Pathanapuram D IV(T) VI(T) 10 Pathanamthitta D VeT) VI(T) 11 Punalur D IV(T) IV(T) VeT) VeT)

T-Town -MuniCipal town MC-Municipal cantonment D-Declassified town

Appendices

Appendix I Appendix n 4. Appendix I to table A-IV gives the area and 5. Appendix II to table A-IV furnishes the juris­ population of the new towns added in 1961 and the diction of all the three towns of this district based on 1951 towns which have been declassified in 1961. In the 1961 set-up. 1961 two new places were treated as towns while eight Appendix III towns of 1951 were declassified. Note A to this appen­ 6. Appendix III to table A-IV shows the list of dix gives the names, areas and population of the 1951 places which were taken into account for striking out villages which constitute the newly added town~f class totals of population at some census or other but 1961. Note B to this appendix shows the name oft; which were excluded from reckoning in certain cen­ .vhich has ceased to be town in 1961 with the name, area suses when they did not enjoy urban status• .md population of the village or villages into which It has relapsed in 1961.

38 A-lV TOWNS (AND TOWN-Gl\OUPS) ~ BY POPUlATION IN 1161 WITh VAlUATIOlIl SINGE 1911

Percentage Name of Status Decade decade Town of town Year Persons variation vanation Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

All Classes

14.95 Sq. mlles i901 15,691 8,095 7,596 38.71 Sq. km.. 1911 18,839 + 3,148 + 20.06 9,649 9,190 1921 41,334 +22,495 +119.41 21,457 19,877 1931 57,883 + 16,549 +40.04 29,827 28,056 1941 79,968 +22,085 + 38.15 40,95) 39,017 1951 143,435 + 63,467 + 79.37 73,790 69,645 1961 144,236 + 801 + 0.56 73,911 70,325

Class I

Class n (50,000-99.999)

6.31 Sq. mUes 1951 66,126 34,271 31,855 16.34 Sq. km. 1961 91,018 + 24,892 + 37.64 46,807 44,211

Qu.t1on Municipal 1901 15,691 13,095 7,596 6.31 Sq. miles 1911 18,839 + 3,148 + 20.06 9,649 9,190 16.34 Sq. km. 1921 25,135 + 6,296 + 33.42 13,065 12,070 1931 33,739 + 8,604 + 34.23 17,381 16,358 1941 49,498 + 15,759 + 46.71 25,314 24,184 1951 66,126 + 16,628 + 33.59 34,271 31,855 1961 91,018 + 24,892 + 37.64 46,807 44,211

CIa.. m (20,000-49,999)

8.64Sq.~ 1921 25,135 13,065 12,070 22.37 Sq. km.. 1931 33,739 + 8,604 + 34.23 17,381 16,358 1941 49,498 + 15,759 + 46.71 25,314 24,184 1961 53,218 + 3,'120 + 1.52 21,104 26,114 KilikolluT 4.33 Sq. miles ~on-Mullicipal 1961 32,273 16,361 15,912 11.21 Sq. km.

Kundara Non-Mup.ieipal 1961 20,945 10,743 10,202 4.31 Sq. miles 11.16 Sq. km.

Note;-l Towns treated as such for the first tIme in 1961 are printed in Italics

2 Area figures given in col. 1 relate to 1961 cen~us 3 The total for any class in any past census has been worked out as the total of towns of that particular class in that particular census. They include towns which might have been individually withdrawn from urban status in a preceding or succeeding census 4 Status of town given in column 2 relates to 1961.

39 106IU 98-B A-IV.&TOWNS (AND TOWN-GRO'UPS) CLASSD1ED BY POPtJLATION IN 1961 wrm VAlUATION SINCE 1901--eoncld.

Percentage Name of Decade decade Town Status of Town Year Persons variation variation Males }'emales 2 3 4- 5 6 7 8 Class IV (10.000-19,999)

1901 15,691 8,095 7,596 1911 18,839 +3,148 +20.06 9,649 9,190 1941 12.249 -6,590 -34.98 6,308 5,941 1951 43,790 +31,541 +257.50 22,285 21,505

Class V (5,000-9,999)

1921 11,459 5,978 5,481 1931 19,979 +8,520 +74.35 10,280 9,699 1941 13,341 -6,638 -33.22 6,847 6,494 1951 33,519 +20,178 +151.25 17,234- 16,285

Class VI (Less than 5,000)

1921 4,740 2,414 2,326 1931 4,165 -575 -12.13 2,166 1,999 1941 4,880 +715 +17.17 2,482 2,398

40 A.IV TOWNS (AND TOWN-GROUPS) CLASSIFIED BY POPVLA.TION IN 1961 WITH VARIATION SINCE 1901

APPENDIX I

New towns added in 1961 and towns in 1951 declassifod in 1961

[Names of towns treated as such for the firsttime in 1961 (vide column I) are printed in Italics]

New town added in 1961 Town in 1951 which has been declassified as rural in 1961 """"\ r- ~ Area Population Area Population ,---~ ~~ Name of town Sq. miles Sq. km. 1961 1951 Name of town Sq. miles Sq. km. 1961 1951 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Kundara 4.31 11.16 20,945 NA Punalur 12.97 33.59 25,031 18,995

Kilikollur 4.33 11.21 32,273 23,344 Adoor 6.91 17.90 NA 13,745 Pathanapuram 13.00 33.67 14,319 11,050 Kottarakara 4.06 10.52 NA 8,436 Karunagapally 2.00 5.18 8,519 7,419 Oachira 1.31 3.39 NA 6,392 Pathanamthitta 2.50 6.48 NA 5,846 Kozhencherry 0.99 2.56 NA 5,426

Note A-Statement showing the names of towns which have been newly:added in 1961 with the name and population as in 1951 oj each village constituting the_town.

Constituent villages 1951

Name of new town Name Location code number Area in Sq. miles Population 2 3 4 5

Kundara 1 Perinad pakuthy (partly) 2-1-12 NA NA 2 Kottarakara pakuthy (partly) 2-1-8 NA NA

Kilikollur Kilikollur pakuthy 2-1-9 4.33 23,344

N.A.-Not Available (a) Punalur town of 1951 has been dismembered into Punalur Padinjarekara (Population 11,622) and Punalur Kizhakkekara(popula_ tion 13,409) of Punalur village of Pathanapuram taluk of 1961 of Quilon district for which separate population figures are available in the 'Village Directory' of District Census Handbook for Quilon district. (b) Pathanapuram town of 1951 has been dismembered into Pathirical (Population 5,691), Nadukunnu (Population 2,340) and Manjallur (Population 2,937) karas of Pathana pur am village and Kizhakkemuri (Population 3,351) ofPiravanthur village of Pathanapuram taluk of 1961 of Quilon district for which separate population figures are available in the 'Village Directory' of the District Census Handbook for Quilon District. (c) Karunagapally town of 1951 has been dismembered into Padanayarkulangara Vadakku (Population 5,359) and Padanayar­ kulangara Thekku (Population 3,160) Karas of Karunagapally village of Karunagapally taluk of 1961 ofQuilon district for which separate population figures are available in the 'Village Directory' of the District Census Handbook for Quilon district.

41 A.-lV TOWNS (AND TOWN.GaOOPs) t:t.A$SlfttI) BY POPULAttON 1M 1961 WlTH VAlUAnoN siNCE 1~1

APPENDIX l-concld.

Note B-Statement showing the name of town which has teased to be town in 1961 with the name, area and p0pu/,4tion of the village OT villages into which it has relapsed in 1961. Constituen t villages 1961 Name of 1951 Census Town declassified in 1961 Name Location code number Area in Sq. miles Population 2 3 4 5

Punalur Punalur (partly) 8-6-7 NA 25,031 (a) Adoor 1 Peringanad (partly) B-2-1 NA NA 2 Adoor (partly) B-2-2 NA NA 3 Erath (partly) 8-2-3 NA NA

Pathanapuram 1 Pathanapuram (partly) 8-6-1 ] NA 14,319 (b) 2 Piravanthur (partly) 8-6-2 Kottarakara I Kottarakara (partly) 8-5-5 NA NA 2 Neduvathoor (partIy) 8-5-6 NA NA

Karunagapally Karunagapally 8-3-6 NA 8,519 (c) Oachira 1 Krishnapuram (partly) 8-3-2 NA NA 2 Kayamkulam (partly) 7-6-17 NA NA Pathanamthitta Pathanamthitta (partly) 8-1-13 NA NA Kozhencherry Mallapuzhasseri (partly) 8-1-8 NA NA

NA-Not Available.

APPENDIX II Details of constitution of towns with their area and jurisdietion I J(otl:-In this appendix the jurisdiction of towns based on the 1961 set up is taken into account. Thej~dictipn of certain towns given in this appendix is different from that given in Note A to Appendix I to table A IV as the latter is based on the 1951 set up District Town with area in acres Jurisdiction with area in acres of each urut 2 3

QJillon Krmdara (2,755.53) Kanjiracode kara (1,004.53) of Mul.. vana village and Kundara kara and portions north of Keralapura-Pooyappally road in the Punukunnur and Perumpuzha karas (1,751.00) of Kottankara. village Kilikollur (2,769.90) Kilikollur 'village (2,769.90) Quilon (Murucipal) (4,037.20) Manayilkulangara, Punnathala, Kottakkagom, Thevalli, Olayil, Thangasseri, Kaikulangara, VaIiyakada,~ PalUthottam, Andamukkom and portions of Asramam, Uliakovil and Thirumullavaram karu (2,825.20) of Quilon village and Udayamarthandapuram, Amm· dukulangara karas (565.00) of Eravipuram village and portion of Pattathanamkara (647.00) of Vadakkevila village

NOII:-Towns treated as such for the first time in 1961 are printed in italics

42 A-IV TOWNS (AND TOWN-GROUPS) 0LA.SSlFIED BY POPULa\TlQN IN 1961 WITH VAlUAnON SINCE 1901

APPENDIXW List ojplaces wlti&" wm a/un into tlUount for striking class totals ojpopulation at JOme census or other b.t w/ii&II ww, _JudllijTqm T"lroning in ",lain cmsu.res wilen tkey did not erU~ urb8n status (None ofthe towns in this list had urban status in 1961)

Population Town 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Punalur 6,442 8,442 12,249 \8,995

Adoor l~ 745 Pathanapuram 11,050 Kottarakara 5,017 5,747 6,953 8,436

Karunagapally ~,740 5,790 6,388 7,419 Oacbira 6,392 Pathanamthitta 4,165 44,880 5,8

43 B-Economic Tables

NOTE

The 17 Economic Tables of 1961 Census are deals with 'workers and non-workers in cities, town· divided into two parts,viz., (i) General Economic Tables groups and towns arranged territorially classified (B-1 to B-IX) prepared from individual slips and by sex and broad age-groups'. This table is furnished (ii) Household Economic Tables (BoX to B-XVII) as Table B-I1 in 'Volume VII-Kerala State-Part prepared from 20 per cent sample Household Schedules. I1-B-General Economic Tables'. The concepts ami All the above tables pertaining to this district are definitions of workers, non-workers etc., are also presented in this volume except Table B-I1 which explained in that volum~

44 N WORJUUtS AND NON-WOUBBS CLAISIFIED BY SEX AND BROAD AGE-GROUPS

Fly-leaf

1. Table B-1 given for the total, rural and urban are treated as workers and grouped under the follow­ areas for the district is the basic economic table showing ing industrial categories instead of the ei ght livelihood the total population, the total number of workers, the classes In 1951 referred to above:- classification of workers into nine industrial categories I Working as Cultivator and non-workers by sex and broad age-groups. The II Working as Agricultural Labourer age-groups adopted for the tables are 0-14, 15-34, 35-59, 60+ and 'age not stated'. The age-groups correspond III Working in Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, to the different stages of life which have special signi­ Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, ficance with reference to capacity to work, viz., children, Orchards and allied activities young persons, middle-aged persons and elderly persons. IV Working at Household Industry The corresponding table in the 1951 Census gives the V Working in Manufacturing other than distribution of population by eight livelihood classes Household Industry and their further sub-divisions into self supporting VI Working in Construction persons, earning dependants and non-earning depen­ dants. There was no classification by age-groups VII Working in Trade and Commerce ill that table. The livelihood classes under which the VIII Working in Transport, Storage and Com- population was grouped in 1951 were the following:- munications IX Working in Other Services I Cultivators of land wholly or mainly owned and their dependants The non-workers have been classified under the II Cultivators of land wholly or mainly un­ following categories and dealt with in Table B-IX:- owned and their dependants Full-time students or children attending school III Cultivating labourers and their dependants who do no other work IV Non-cultivating owners of land; agricultural 2 Persons engaged in unpaid home duties who rent receivers and their dependants do no other work such as make articles at home for sale, or wages, nor help regularly even part­ V Persons engaged in production other thah time in family cultivation, industry, trade or cultivation and their dependants business VI Persons engaged in commerce and their 3 Dependants including infants and children dependants not attending schools and persons permanently VII Pers~ns engaged in transport and their disabled from work because of illness or old age dependant$ 4 Retired persons not employed again, rentiers, VIII Persons, engaged in other services and persons living on agricultural or non-agricultural miscellaneous sources and their dependants royalty, rent or dividend or any other person of independent means for securing which he 2. As it was felt that the strict application of the does not have to work and who does no other criterion of income or economic independence suppre­ work ssed those who worked in family economic activity 5 Beggars, vagrants, independent women without but did not actually earn an in€ome like men other indication of source of income or others of un­ than the head of the household and women of the specified sources of existence family or children working in cultivation or cottage industries of the household, the classification of the 6 Convicts in jails and inmates of penal, mental population into self-supporting persons and earning and charitable institutions and non-earning dependants has been given up in the 7 Persons seeking employment for the first time table for 1961. All persons who work including family 8 Persons employed before, but were out of workers who are not in receipt of any income or working employment and were seeking work during the children who cannot earn enough for their maintenance reference period

45 B-1 WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS CLASSD1BD

In Mining, Quarrying Live- stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting As and Plantations, Agricultural Orchards and As Cultivator Labourer allied activities Total Total Population Total Workers I II III Rural ~ ,...-----J'----., ~ ,--~ Urban Age-group ~--P M F M F M F M F M F po.,_; I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

QUILON

rotal Total 1,941,228 972,657 968,571 445,188 186,162 169,413 30,990 60,272 26,422 33,286 5,214

0--14 855,014 432,525 422,489 4,635 6,717 781 221 525 315 370 49 15-34 599,219 292,053 307,166 212,717 105,630 66,380 10,970 32,120 13,786 16,006 3,203 35-59 385,341 197,777 187,564 190,031 66,023 76,277 15,908 24,321 11,104 15,521 1,862 60+ 101,240 50,105 51,135 37,682 7,741 25,948 3,889 3,290 1,212 1,383 100 Age not stated 414 197 217 123 51 27 2 16 5 6

Ra:ral Total 1,796,992 898,746 898,246 412,203 174,451 167,510 3O,790I59,533 26,345 30,449 5,152

0--14 794,304 401,706 392,598 4,122 6,135 776 220 521 314 337 48 15-34 551,353 267,589 283,764 196,430 98,721 65,862 10,952 31,802 13,762 14,704 3,171 35-59 356,075 182,141 173,934 175,547 62,111 75,355 15,784 23,969 11,061 14,213 1,836 60+ 94,853 47,117 47,736 35,985 7,434 25,490 3,832 3,225 1,203 1,189 97 Age not stated 407 193 214 119 50 27 2 16 5 6

Vrbaa Total 144,236 73,911 70,325 32,985 11,711 1,903 200 739 77 2,837 62

0-14 60,710 30,819 29,891 513 582 5 4- 33 1 15-34 47,866 24,464 23,402 16,287 6,909 518 18 318 24 1,302 32 35-59 29,266 15,636 13,630 14,484 3,912 922 124 352 43 1,308 26 60+ 6,387 2,988 3,399 1,697 307 458 57 65 9 194 3 Age_not stated 7 4 3 4 1 -

46 BY SEX AND B1\OAD AGE-GROUPS

Workers

In Manufactu- At ring other In Transport, Household than Household In Trade and Storage and In Other Industry Industry In Construction Commerce Communications Services Non-Workers IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

DISTRICT

16,645 38,9M 46,342 60,978 5,639 93 27,183 1,751 13,395 212 73,013 21,518 527,469 782,409 Total 598 2,575 257 1,645 14 122 8 67 2 1,901 1,902 427,890 415,772 0-14 7,746 20,452 26,143 44,635 3,006 51 14,111 484 6,999 151 40,206 11,898 79,336 201,536 15-34 6,971 14,616 18,429 14,254- 2,346 39 11,889 1,096 6,041 56 28,236 7,088 7,746 121,541 35-59 1,325 1,332 1,493 419 273 3 1,049 162 286 3 2,635 621 12,423 43,394 60+ 5 9 20 25 12 2 35 9 74 166 A.N.S.

116,017 37,760 38,260 54,281 4,998 85 22,323 1,549 10,SOO 181 62,613 18,308 486,543 723,795 Rural

580 2,507 204 1,505 12 91 5 51 2 1,550 1,534 397,584 386,463 0-14 7,482 19,882 21,799 40,049 2,701 47 11,704 440 5,618 133 34,758 10,288 71,159 185,043 15-34- 6,682 14,079 15,005 12,349 2,047 35 9,649 964 4,619 44 24,008 5,959 6,594 111,823 35-59 1,268 1,283 1,233 357 238 3 868 139 210 2 2,264- 518 11,132 40,302 60+ 5 9 19 24 11 2 33 9 74 164- A.N.S.

628 1,224 8,082 6,697 641 8 4,860 202 2,895 31 10,400 3,210 40,926 58,614 Urban 18 68 53 140 2 31 3 16 351 368 30,306 29,309 0-14 264 570 \ 4,344 4,589 305 4- 2,407 44 1,381 18 5,448 1,610 8,177 16,493 15-34 289 537 3,424 1,905 299 4- 2,240 132 1,422 12 4,228 1,129 1,152 9,718 35-59 57 49 ~~O 62 35 181 23 76 371 103 1,291 3,092 60+ - 2 2 A.N.S.

47

:a.m INDUSTRIAL CLASSmCAnON 01' WORKERS AND NON·WORKERS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVELS

Fly-leaf

1. This table presents the data relating to literacy and educational levels of the working population under the nine industrial categories and of the nOn·working I Primary or Junior Basic population. It enables to assess the literacy and mucational levels of the workers as well as the non­ 2 Matriculation and above workers. The table is divided into two parts, Part A dealing with urban areas and Part B dealing with rural 3. All persons who have ability to read and write areas of the district. with understanding, i.e., to read any simple letter with felicity and write any simple letter with understanding 2. Besides giving the number of illiterates and are considered literates. Those who have passed Lower 'iterates (without educational level) in both urban Primary or Junior Basic but have not passed Matri­ and rural areas, the remaining literates of tbese areas culation, Higher Secondary, S.S.L.C. or E.S.L.C. are classified as follows :- come under the category of Primary or Junior Basic Urban and all those who have passed Matriculation, Higher 1 Primary or Junior Basic Secondary, S.S.L.C. or E.S.L.C. come under the 2 Matriculation or H;igher Se<;ondary category of Matriculation or Higher Secondary. 3 Technical diploma not equal to degree 4 Non-technical diploma not equal to degree +. In connection with the enumeration of technical 5 University degree or Post-graduate degree other personnel, degrees in science subjects like Physics, than technical degree Mathematics, Chemistry, Geology, Geo-Physics, Geo­ 6 Technical degree or diploma equal to descee graphy etc., have been recognised as technical degrees. or Post-graduate degree These do not come under the specific items (i.e. i to vi) (i) Engineering covered by 'technical degree or diploma equal to degree (ii) Medicine or post-graduate degree'. Hence wherever the subject (iii) Agriculture of graduation or post-graduation has been given, these (iv) Veterinary and Dairying have been included under 'Others' (i.e. vii) 1,1 the urban (v) Technology areas. This accounts for the high percentage ot (vi) Teaching and 'others' coming under 'technical degrt'1! or diploma equal (vii) Others to degree or post-graduate degree;t \

49 10814198-B B-m PART-A INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF WORKERS AND

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishmg, Hunting and Total Population of "Yorkers As Agricultural PlantatIOns, Orchards

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Q,UlLON

Total 144,236 73,911 70,325 1,903 200 739 77 2,837 62

Illiterate 61,221 26,040 35,181 361 99 473 69 1,540 3~ 2 Literate (without educational 48,101 26,626 21,475 1,142 81 233 7 1,046 20 level) 3 Primary or Junior Basic 24,378 13,969 10,409 312 19 33 224 4 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 8,460 5,690 2,770 64 23 5 Technical diploma not equal to 474 376 98 3 degree 6 Non-Technical diploma not equal 83 47 36 10 to degree

7 University degree or post- 860 704 156 L8 5 graduate degree other than technical degree

8 Technical degree or diploma 659 451 200 3 equal to degree or post- graduate degree (i) Engineering 56 56 (ii) Medicine 29 20 9 (iii) Agriculture 7 7 (iv) Veterinary and Dairying 3 3 (v) Technology 2 2 - .. (vi) Teaching 156 82 74 1 - .. (vii) Others 406 289 117 2 1 ..

50 NON-WORKERS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN URBAN AREAS ONLT

Workera

In Manufacturing In Transport, At Household other than In Trade and Storage and In Other Industry Household Industry In Construction Commerce Communications Services Non-Workers IV V VI VII VIII IX X ,..-----A-----, ~ ,---.-'------, ~ ...... --""- ,-----A------.. M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 204-

DISTRICT

628 1,224 B,OII% 6,697 641 8 4,860 :zo:z 2,895 31 IO,toO 3,%10 40,926 58,614 rota!

165 785 1,328 4,114 110 6 665 130 647 7 2,477 1,483 18,274 28,449 1 335 362 4,402 2,243 317 2,387 55 1,190 3 4,345 602 11,229 18,102 2

110 72 1,494 324 145 1,198 8 565 5 1,573 303 8,315 9,675 5 15 5 671 10 50 SIS 5 355 14- 1,232 554- 2,765 2,179 4- +0 2 10 2 89 103 58 129 38 5

3 32 21 15 6

2 96 68 -t9 360 64 117 90 7

8 24 2 278 125 97

25 7 26 (i) 19 9 (n) 7 (iii) 3 (iv} 1 (v) 1 1 1 2 72 68 7 3 (vi) 22 2 23 4 150 48 90 63 ('Iii)

51 106/4198 B :a.m PART·a INDVS1'lU.lL OLAMIPICATION or WOUERI MID

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and As Agricultural Plantations, Orchards Total Population of Workers As Cultivator Labourer and allIed activities and Non-Workers I II III ,...------A----., Educational Level P M F 1\1 F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

QUILON Total 1,796,992 898,7'" a98.246 167,510 30,790 59,533 26,345 30,449 5,152 1 Illiterate 899,547 384,573 514,974 34,718 16,379 34,626 22,866 11,4-38 4,238 "2 Literate (without educational 626,401 350,784 275,617 107,216 11,569 21,591 3,116 15,124 801 levels) 3 Primary or Junior Basic 224,777 131,088 93,689 21,651 2,661 3,258 363 3,039 88 -4 MatrIculatton and above 46,267 32,301 13,966 3,925 181 58 848 25 PA THANAIVfTHITTA Total 333,310 167,540 165,770 40,710 4,990 8,531 4,265 4,973 1,649 1 Illiterate 138,783 61,470 77,313 5,514- 2,0(]6 ~,692 3,337 1,254- 1,270 2 Literate (without educational 147,156 79,033 68,123 30,639 2,670 4-,520 881 3,181 358 levels) 3 Primary or Junior Basic 35,470 19,309 16,161 3,460 266 308 4-7 261 15

Workers

In Manufacturing In Transport, At Household other than In Trade and Storage and In Other Industry Household Industry In Construction Commerce Communications Services Non-Workers IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ~ ~ ,...-----A----- ,---A-----, ,.-----A------~ M F M F M J, F M F M F M F M F 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

DISTRICT 16,017 37,760 38,260 54,281 4,998 85 22,32J 1,549 10,500 181 62,613 18,308 486,543 723,795 Total 4,516 24,060 8,293 34,166 964 53 3,969 1,096 2,436 78 15,324 8,709 268,289 403,329 1 9,152 11,582 22,859 17,461 2,989 13 13,228 408 5,331 25 26,611 3,602 126,683 227,040 2 2,226 2,079 6,096 2,621 552 1 4,225 39 1,769 12 10,330 2,060 77,942 83,765 123 39 1,012 33 493 18 901 6 964 66 10,348 3,937 [3,629 9,661 TALUK 1,080 632 3,987 127 940 18 3,342 132 1,232 21 12,517 4,213 90,228 149,723 Total 289 414- 494 40 122 11 170 71 121 3 2,287 1,564 47,527 68,597 I 699 191 3,038 70 656 2 2,477 60 757 2 6,132 1,179 26,934 62,710 2 82 22 356 12 56 439 177 2 1,588 445 12,582 15,351 3 10 5 99 5 106 5 256 177 14 2,510 1,025 3,185 3,065 4- TALUK 1,104 1,259 3,374 4,946 493 4 2,562 187 767 10 5,717 1,988 61,230 92,608 Total 418 905 884 3,534 136 2 646 123 182 2 1,130 920 37,053 55,066 1 541 295 2,076 1,274 259 2 1,445 55 353 1 2,243 420 12,174 24,641 2 135 59 368 134 44 370 9 140 1,022 213 10,062 11,546 3 10 46 4 54 101 92 7 1,322 435 1,941 1,355 4 TALUK 4,241 20,257 4,030 4.303 602 3 4,579 326 3,163 13 12,774 2,507 i 73,365 100,104 Total 1,140 13,059 879 2,855 89 1,;212 233 915 3,837 1,295 37,891 57,677 1 2,367 6,073 2,330 1,179 359 2,374 78 1,624 5,654 453 21,272 28,962 2 717 1,115 764 262 101 904- 13 463 2 2,173 381 12,672 12,535 3 17 \ 10 57 7 53 2 89 2 161 10 1,110 373 1,530 930 4 TALUK 6,637 14.139 16,329 26,810 1,408 11 6,330 682 2,937 30 14,573 3,409 106,531 143,355 I Total 1,549 8,536' 3,862 16,909 261 5 1,195 502 796 9 3,666 1,462 52,230 79,513 1 3,972 4,742 8,719 8,554 788 3,300 164 1,297 2 5,748 545 31,551 42,425 2

1,050 844 3,249 1,~35 225 1,617 12 610 5 2,867 483 19,137 19,440 66 17 499 12 134 6 218 4 234 14 2,292 919 3,613 1,977 TALUK 1,870 800 5,833 14,751 826 10 2,994 80 1,073 49 9,318 3,566 88,827 134,949 Total 651 610 1,226 8,782 168 4- 384 63 153 25 2,288 2,006 50,643 79,688 1 1,029 166 3,883 5,222 502 3 1,989 16 564 7 3,512 526 20,695 39,259 2 179 22 621 744 71 523 180 2 1,518 314 15,423 14,780 3 11 2 103 3 85 3 98 176 15 2,000 720 2,066 1,222 4 TALUK 1,085 673 4,707 3,344 729 39 2,516 142 1,328 58 7,714 2,625 66,362 103,056 Total 469 536 948 2,046 188 30 362 104 269 38 2,116 1,462 42,945 62,788 1 544 115 2,813 1,162 425 6 1,643 35 736 13 3,322 479 14,057 29,043 2 63 17 738 134 55 1 372 3 199 1 1,162 224 8,066 10,113 9 5 208 2 61 2 139 124 6 1,114 460 1,294 1,112

5J 106j4198-B B-IV INDUSTRIAL CLASSIfICATION BY SEX AND CLASS OF WORKER OF ~ AT WORK OTHER THAN AT CULTIVATION

Fly-leaf

1. This table contains the sex-wise distribution of persons in non-agricultural livelihood classes by 10 non-agricultural workers according to their principal divisions and 88 sub-divisions according to the Indian work by divisions, major groups and minor groups of Census Economic Classification (I.C.E.C.) classified Indian Standard Industrial Classification (I.S.I.C.) into 'Employers', 'Employees' and 'Independent issued by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, workers' according to the economic status. Under Government of India, following the International the I.C.E.C. scheme the unit of classification was in Standard Industrial Classification recommended by every case the individual. This scheme bears more the U.N.O. The minor groups 000 to 004 and 999 resemblance to the occupational classification given <>f the I.S.1.C. do not appear in this table because of in the table B-V of 1961 than to the I.S.I.C. scheme the exclusion of cultivators, agricultural labourers followed in table B-IV of 1961. Under the I.S.I.C. and non-workers. Industrial minor groups 000 to scheme the unit of classification is the organised es­ 004 relate to agriculture and the minor group 999 to tablishment, the classification of every member of the fresh entrants to the labour market who are treated as establishment being according to the classification of the non-workers. The table is prepared in three parts, establishment based on the commodity prdtluced or Parts A and B containing figures upto divisions and the service performed as a result of the work of the major groups only and Part C giving figures for establishment. minor groups also. 6. It may be seen from the table that the figures 2. In table B-IV Part-A which is prepared for the under Minor group 900-'Activities unspecified and total, rural and urban areas of the district, the workers not adequately described including activities of such principally engaged in household industry are divided individuals who fail to provide sufficient information into 'Employees' and 'Others' for each of the divisions about their industrial affiliation to enable them to be 0, 1 and 2 & 3 and their major groups. For the rural classified'-are considerably large in both rural and areas the figures by divisions are furnished down to urban areas of all districts. Most of these entries taluk level. The study of household industry is relate to those returning their nature of work as 'general a special feature of the 1961 Census. coolies' or 'general labourers' and the nature of industry as 'no fixed place of work'. 3. Table B-IV Part-B is prepared for total and urban areas of the district. For the rural areas the figures 7. The list of Indian Standard Industrial Classi­ by divisions are furnished down to taluk level. Here fication by divisions, major groups and minor groups the non-agricultural workers engaged in non-household is reproduced below:- industries are classified into 'Employer', 'Employee', Indian Standard Industrial Classification 4Single worker' and 'Family worker' according to their participation in work. This distribution is This classification groups the industries intn .available for each of the divisions and major groups 9 Divisions <>f the LS.I.C 45 Major Groups 343 Minor Group5 4. Table B-IV Part-C presents the combined as well as separate sex-wise figures of persons working The divisions and major groups with their Ccd in household industry and non-household industry by numbers are listed belo,v:- \ qivisions, major groups and minor groups of LS.I.C. DIVISIONS for the total and urban areas of the district. For the 0 Agriculture, Live-~tock, Forestry, fishing and rural areas the figures by divisions are furnished down Hunting to taluk level (B-IV Part-C i). In this table those 1 Mining and Quarrying minor groups the figures of which are less than 1 per 2&3 Manufacturing ,cent of the respective divisions (less than 0.5 per cent 4 Construction in the case of division 2 & 3) have been omitted. 5 Electricity, Gas, Water and Sanitary servici. 'The figures of such minor groups are shown in the 6 Trade and Commerce appendix at the end of the table. 7 Transport, Storage and Communications 5. The corresponding table of 1951 Census viz., 8 Services Table B·IlI, gives the number of self-supporting 9 Activities not adequately described

54 MAJOR GROUPS Division 8 Services Division 0 Agriculture, Live-stock, Forestry, 80 Public services Fishing and Huodng 81 Educational and scientific services 00 Field produce and plantation crops 82 Medical and health services 01 Plantation crops 83 Religious and welfare services 02 Forestry and logging 84 Legal services 03 Fishing 04 Live-stock and hunting 85 Business services 86 Community services trade and labour Division 1 Mining and Quarrying associations 10 Mining and quarrying 87 Recreation services 88 Personal services Division 2 &3 Manufacturing 89 Services (not elsewhere classified) 20 Foodstuff's 21 Beverages Division 9 Activities not adequately 22 Tobacco products described 23 Textile-cotton 24 Textile-jute 90 Activities unspecified and not adequately 25 Textile-wool described. (This includes new entrants to the 26 Textile-silk labour market) 27 Textile-miscellaneous (Classification and Code numbers at the 3 28 Manufacture of wood and wooden products digit level in respect of minor groups are shown 29 Paper and paper products below) 30 Printing and publishing 31 Leather and leather products Division 0 Agriculture, Live-stock, Forestry, 32 Rubber, petroleum and coal products FishiDg and Hunting 33 Chemicals and chemical products 34-35 Non-metallic mineral products other than Major Minor Group Group petroleum and coal (Code) Description (Code) 36 Basic metals and their products except machinery and transport equipment 00 FIELD PRODUCES AND PLANTATION CROPS­ 37 Machinery (all kinds other than transport) and electrical equipment Production of cereal crops (including Bengal 38 Transport equipment gram) such as rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, 39 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries maize 000 \ Production of pulses, such as arhar, moong, Division 4 Construction masur, urd, khesari, other gram 001 40 Construction Production of raw jute and kindred fibre crops 002 Production of raw cotton and kindred fibre Division 5 Electricity, Gas, Water and crops 003 Sanitary Services Production of oilseeds, sugarcane and other 50 Electricity 'and g~ cash crops 004 51 Water supply and sanitary services Production of other crops (including vegeta- Division 6 Trade and COlDlDerce bles) not covered above 005 60-63 Wholesale trade Production of fruits and nuts in plantation, 64-68 Retail trade vines and orchards 006 69 Trade and commerce miscellaneous Production of wood, bamboo, cane, reeds, thatching grass, etc. 007 Division 7 Transport, Storage and Production of juice by tapping palms 008 COlDlD.unications Production of other agricultural produce 70-71 Transport (including fruits and nuts not covered by 72 Storage and warehousing code number 006 and flowers) not covered 73 Communicatiom above OO~

106IU98-B Major Minor Major Minor Group Group Group Group (Code) Description (Code) (Code) Description (Code)

01 PLANTATION CROPS- Division 1 Mining and Quarrying Production of tea in plantation 010 10 MINING AND QUARRYING- Production of coffee in plantation 011 Mining of coal 100 Production of rubber in plantation 012 Mining of iron ores 101 Production of tobacco in plantation 013 Mining of gold and silver ores 102 Production ofganja, cinchona, opium 014 Mining of manganese 103 Production of other plantation crops not covered above 015 Mining of mica 104 Mining of other non-ferrous metallic ores 105 02 FORESTRY AND LOGGING- Mining of crude petroleum and natural gas 106 Planting, replanting and conservation of Quarrying of stone (including slate), clay, forests 020 sand, gravel, limestone 107 Felling and cutting of trees and transport- Mining of chemical earth such as soda ash 108 ation oflogs 021 Mining and quarrying of non-metallic Preparation of timber 022 products not classified above such as precious Production of fuel including charcoal by and semi-precious stones, asbestos, gypsum, exploitation of forest 023 sulphur, asphalt 109 Production of fodder by exploitation of forests 024 Division 2&3 Manufacturing Production of gums, resins, lac, barks, herbs, 20 FOODSTUFFS- wild fruits and leaves by the exploitation of Production of rice, atta, flour, etc., by milling, forests 025 dehusking and processing of crops and food- Production and gathering of other forest grains 200 products not covered above 026 Production of sugar and syrup from 03 FISHING- sugarcane in mills 201 Production offish by fishing in sea 030 Production of indigenous sugar, gur from Production offish by fishing in inland waters sugarcane or palm juice and production of including the operation of fish farms and fish candy 202 hatcheries 031 Production of fruit products such as jam, Production of pearls, conch, shells, sponges jelly, sauce and canning and preservation by gathering or lifting from sea, river, pond 032 of fruits 203 M LIVE-STOCK AND HUNTING- Slaughtering, preservation of meat and fish Production and rearing of live-stock (large and canning offish 204 heads only) mainly for milk and animal Production of bread, biscuits, cake and power such as cow, buffalo, goat 040 other bakery products 205 Rearing of sheep and production of wool 041 Production of butter, ghee, cheese and other Rearing and production of other animal& dairy products 206 (mainly for slaughter) such as pig 042 Production of ducks, hens and other small Production of edible fats and oils (other birds, eggs by rearing and poultry farming 043 than hydrogenated oil) 207 Rearing of bees for the production of honey, Production of hydrogenated oils (Vanaspati) 208 wax and collection of honey 044 Production of other food products such as Rearing of silk worms and production of sweetmeat and condiments, muri, murki, cocoons and raw silk 045 , chira, khoi, cocoa, chocolate, toffee, lozenge 20' Rearing of other small animals and insects 046 21 BEVERAGES- Trapping of animals or games propagation 047 Production of distilled spirits, wines, liquor Production of other animal husbandry pro- from alcoholic malt, fruits and malts in duct~ such as skin, bone, ivory and teeth 048 distillery and brewery 210

56 Major Minor Major MllllJI Group Group Group Group (Code) Description (Code) (Code) Description (Code) Production of country liquor 211 Wool spinning other than in mills 253 Production ofindigenous liquor such as toddy, Wool weaving in power loom 254 liquor from mahua, palm juice 212 Wool weaving in handloom 255 Production ofother liquors not covered above 213 Embroidery and art work in woollen textile 256 Production ofaerated and mineral water 214 Production of ice 215 26 TEXTILE-SILK- Production of ice-cream 216 Spinning and weaving of silk textile in mill 260 Processing of tea in factories 217 Dyeing and bleaching of silk 261 Processing of coffee in curing works 218 Spinning of silk other than in mills 262 Production of other beverages 219 Weaving of silk textile by power loom 263 Weaving of silk textile by handloom 264 22 TOBACCO PRODUCTS- Printing of silk textile 265 Manufacture of bidi 220 Manufacture of silk cordage, rope and Manufacture of cigars and cheroots 221 twine 266 Manufacture of cigarette and cigarette tobacco 222 27 TEXTILE-MISCELLANEOUS- Manufacture of hookah tobacco 223 Manufacture of carpet and all other similar Manufacture of snuff 224 type of textile products 270 Manufacture of jerda and other chewing Manufacture of hosiery and other knitted tobacco 225 fabrics and garments 271 Manufacture of other tobacco products 226 Embroidery and making of crepe, lace and fringes 272 23 TEXTILE-COTTON- Making of textile garments including rain- Cotton ginning, cleaning, pressing and coats and headgear 273 baling 230 Manufacture of made up textile goods except Cotton spinning (other than in mills) 231 wearing apparel such as curtains, pillow Cotton spinning and weaving in mills 232 cases, bedding materials, mattress, textile Cotton dyeing, bleaching 233 bags 274 Cotton weaving in power looms 234 Manufacture of waterproof textile products Cotton weaving in handlooms 235 such as oil cloth, tarpaulin 275 Manufac,uring ofkhadi textile in handlooms 236 Manufacture and recovery of all types of Printing of cotton textile 237 fibres for purposes of padding, wadding, Manufacturing of cotton nets 238 and upholstery filling 276 Manufacturiug of cotton, cordage, rope and Manufacture of coir and coir products 277 twine 239 Manufacture of umbrellas 278 Processing and manufacture of textile pro- 24 TEXTILE-jUTE- ducts not covered above 279 Jute pressing and baling 240 Jute spinning and weaving 241 28 MANUFACTURE OF WOOD AND WOODEN Dyeing and bleac.hing of jute 242 PRODUCTS- Printing of jute textile 243 Sawing and planing of wood 280 Manufacture of other products like rope, Manufacture of wooden furniture and cordage from jute and similar fibre such as fixtures 281 hemp, mesta 244 Manufacture of structural wooden goods (including treated timber) such as beams, 25 TEXTILE-WOOL- posts, doors, windows 282 Wool baling and press~ng 250 Manufacture of wooden industrial goods 'Vool cleaning and processing (scouring) 251 other than transport equipment such as Wool spinning and weaving in mill 252 bobbin andlimilar equipment and fixture;; 28S

57 Major Minor Major MinaI' Group Group Group Group (Code) Description (Code) (Code) Description (Code)

Manufacture of other wooden products such Repair ofshoes and other leather footwear 314 as utensils, toys, artwares 284 Repair of all other leather products except Manufacture ofv:!neer and plywood 285 footwear 315 Manufacture of plywood products such as 32 RUBBER, PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS- tea chest 286 Manufacture of boxes and packing cases Manufacture of tyres and tubes 320 other than plywood 281 Manufacture ofrubber footwear 321 Manufacture of materials from cork, bamboo, Manufacture of rubber goods used for cane, leaves and other allied products 288 industrial purpose 322 Manufacture of other wood and allied Manufacture of all kinds of other rubber products not covered above 289 products from natural or synthetic rubber including rubber raincoat 323 29 PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS-­ Production ofpetroleum, kerosene and other Manufacture of pulp from wood, rags, waste­ petroleum products in petroleum refineries 324- paper and other fibres and the conversion of Production of coal tar and coke in coke such pulp into any kind of paper and paper oven 32~ board in mill 290 Manufacture of other coal and coaltar pro- Manufacture of pulp from wood, rags. ducts not covered elsewhere 326 wastepaper and other fibres and the conversion of such pulp into any kind of 33 CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTS-­ paper and paper board handmade 291 Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals Manufacture of products, such as paper bags, such as acids, alkalis and their salts not boxes, cards, envelopes and moulded pulp elsewhere specified 330 goods from paper, paper board and pulp 292 Manufacture of dyes, paints, colours and varnishes 331 so PRINTING AND PuBLISHING-- Manufacture of fertilizers 332 Printing and publishing of newspaper and Manufacture of ammunition, explosives and periodicals 300 fireworks 333 Printing and publishing of books 301 Manufacture of matches 334 All other types of printing including litho­ Manufacture of medicines, pharmaceutical graphy, engraving, etching, block making preparations, perfumes, cosmetics and other and other work connected with printing toilet preparations except soap 335 industry 302 Manufacture of soap and other washing and All types of binding, stitching, sizing and cleaning compounds 336 other allied work connected with binding Manufacture of turpentine, synthetic resin, industry 303 and plastic products and materials (including synthetic rubber) 337 :31 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS­ Manufacture of common, salt 338 Currying, tanning and finishing of hides and Manufacture of other chemicals and skins and preparation of finished leather 31() chemical products not covered above Manufacture of shoes and other leather (including inedible oils and fats) 339 footwear 311 Manufacture of clothing and wearing 34·35 NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS OTHER TH.AJr apparel (except footwear) made of leather PETROLEUM AND COAL-- and fur 312 Manufacture of structural clay products Manufacture of leather products (except such as bricks, tiles 340 those covered by code Nos. 311, 312), such as Manufacture of cement and cement products 341 leather upholstery, suit-cases, pocket books, Manufacture oflime 342 cigarette and key cases, purses, saddlery, Manufacture of structural stone goods, whip and other articles 313 stone dressing and atone crushing 343 .Map­ Minor Major Minor Group Group Group G~\lB (Code) Description (Code) (Code) Description (CodO)

Manufacture of stonewares, other than 37 ~CHINERY (ALL KINDS OTHER THAN Images 344 TRANSPORT) AND ELECTRICAL EQ.UIPMENT­ Manufacture of stone images 34.5 Manufacture and assembling of machinery Manufacture of plaster of paris and its (other than electrical) except textile machi- products 346 ncry 3m Manufacture of asbestos products 347 Manufacture and assembling of prime mover Manufacture of mica products 348 and boilers, other than electrical equipment 1-1anufacture of earthenware and earthen such as diesel engines, road rollers, tractors 371 pottery 350 Manufacture of machine tools 372 Manufacture of chinaware and crockery 351 Manufacture of textile machinery and Manufacture of porcelain and its products 352 accessories 373 Manufacture of glass bangles and beads 353 Manufacture of heavy electrical machinery and equipment such as motors, generators, Manufacture of glass apparatus 354 transformers 374 Manufacture of earthen image, busts and ,tatues 355 Manufacture of electric lamps and fans 375 Manufacture of earthen toys and artwares Manufacture of insulated wires and cables 376 except those covftred by code No. 355 356 Manufacture of all kinds of battery 377 Manufacture of glass and glass products Manufacture of electronic equipment such except optical and photographic lenses and as radio, microphone 378 glass products covered above 357 Manufacture of electric machinery and 1-fanufacture of other non-metallic mineral apparatus, appliances not specified above 379 products not elsewhere specified 359 38 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT- Manufacture, assembling and repairing of 36 BASIC METALS AND THEIR PRODUCTS EXCEPT MACHINERY AND TRANSPORT EQ.UIPMENT­ locomotives 380 Manufacture of iron and s:eel including Manufacture of wagons, coaches, tramways smelting, refining, rolling, conversion into and other rail-road equipment other than basic forms such as billets, blooms, tubes, that covered by code No. 363 381 I ods 36Q Manufacture and assembling of motor Manufacture including smelting, refining of vehicles of all types (excepting motor non-ferrous metals and alloys in basic forms 361 engi::les) 382 Manufacture of armaments 362 :Manufacture of motor vehicles, engines parts Manufacture\ of structural steel products and accessories 383 such as joist, rail, sheet, plate 363 Repairing and servicing of motor vehicles 384 Manufacture of iron and steel furniture 364 Manufacture of bicycles and tricycles and Manufa.cture ~fbrass and bell-metal product~ 365 accessories such as saddle, seat frame, gear 385 Manufactur~ of aluminium products 366 Building and repairing of water transport Manufacture of m,etal products (other than equipment such as ships, boats and manu- of iron, brass, bell-metal and aluminium) facture of marine engines 386 such as tin can 367 Manufacture and repair of air transport Enamening, galvanising, 'plating (including equipment including aeroplane, aeroengines 387 electroplating), polishing and welding of Repairing of bicycles and tricycles 388 metal products 368 Manufacture of other transport equipment Manufacture of sundry hardwares such as not covered above such as animal drawn G.!. pipe, wire net, bolt, screw, bucket, and hand-drawn vehicles 389

cutlery (this will also include the manufa- 39 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING cture of sundry ferrous engineering INDUSTRIES- products done by jobbing engineering Manufacture of optical instruments and concer.ns which cannot be classified in major lense~, opthalmic goods and photogr: ,phi~ groups 36,37,38 and 39) 369 equipment ano ~llpplie:, 3f 0

59 Major Minor Major Minor Group Group Group Group (Code) Description (Code) (Code) Description (Code)

Manufacture of scientific, medical and Garbage and sewage disposal, operation of surgical instruments and equipment and drainage system and all other types of work supplies 391 connected with public health and sanitation 511 Assembling and repairing of watches and clocks 392 Division 6 Trade and Commerce

Manufacture of jewellery, silverware and 60·63 WHOLESALE TRADE- wares using gold and other precious metals 393 Wholesale trading in cereals and pulses 6C» Munufacture and tun~ng of musical instru­ Wholesale trading in vegetables, fruits, sugar, ments 394 spices, oil, fish, dairy products, eggs, poultry Manufacture of stationery articles not and other foodstuffs (not covered elsewhere) 601 covered elsewhere such as pencil, penholder, Wholesale trading in all kinds of fabrics fountain pen~ 395 and textile products such as garments, hessian, Manufacture of sports goods 396 gunny bag, silk and woollen yarn, shirtings, Manufacture and repair work of goods not suitings, hosiery products 60Z assignable to any other group 399 Wholesale trading in beverages, such as tea (leaf), coffee (seed and powder), aerated water 60$ Division 4 Construction Wholesale trading in intoxicants such as wines, liquors 604-- 40 CONSTRUCTION- Wholesale trading in other intoxicants such Construction and maintenance of buildings as opium, ganja, etc. 605- including erection, flooring, decorative con­ Wholesale trading in tobacco, bidi, cigarettes structions, electrical & sanitary instal- and other tobacco products . 606 lations 400 Wholesale trading in animals 607 Construction and maintenance of roads, Wholesale trading in straw and fodder 60S railways, bridges, tunnels 401 Wholesale trading in medicines and chemi- Construction and maintenance of telegraph cals 610 and telephone lines 402 Wholesale trading in fuel and lighting pro- Construction and maintenance of water ducts such as coke, coal, kerosene, candle 611 ways and water reservoirs such as bund, Wholesale trading in toilets, perfumery and embankments, dam, canal, tank, tube wells, cosmetics 612 Wholesale trading in Illetal, porcelain and wells 403 glass utensils, crockery, $inaware 6a Wholesale trading in wooden, steel and Division 5 Electricity, Gas, Water and other metallic furniture and fittings 61-} Sauitary Services Wholesale trading in foot~ear 61 S Wholesale trading in tyre$, tubes and allied 50 ELECTRICITY AND GAS- rubber products 616 Generation and transmission of electric Wholesale trading in petrol~ mobiIQil and energy 500 allied products 61 7 Distribution of electric energy 501 Wholesale trading in other household equip- Manufacture of gas in gas works and distri. ment not covered above 61S bution to domestic and industrial consumers 50! Wholesale trading in bricks, tiles and other building materials 620 Wholesale trading in wood, bamboo, cane, 51 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY SERVICES­ thatches and similar products 621 Collection, purification and distribution of Wholesale trading in paper and other water to domestic and industrial consumers 510 stationery goods 630

60 .Major MinOl' M~or Minor Group GroQP Group Gro~ (Code) Description (Codt) (Code) Description (Code) Wholesale trading in agricultural and indu­ Retail trading in tyres, tubes and allied strial machinery equipment and tools and rubber products 654 appliances other than electrical 631 Retail trading in petrol, mobiloil and allied Wholesale trading in electrical machinery products 655 and equipment like motor, battery, electric Retail trading in wooden, steel and other fan, bulb 632 metallic furniture and fittings 660 Wholesa.le trading in all kinds of transport Retail trading in stationery goods and paper 661 and storage equipment 633 Retail trading in metal, porcelain and glass Wholesale trading in skins, leather and fur 634 utensils 662 Wholesale trading in clocks, eye glasses, Retail trading in earthenware and earthen frames 635 toys 663 Wholesale trading in hardware and sanitary Retail trading in other household equipments equipment 636 not covered above 664 Wholesale tradi "1g in scientific, medical and Retail trading in bricks, tiles and other surgical instruments 637 building materials 670 Wholesale trading in precious metals and Retail trading in hardware and sanitary stone', gold and 'silverwares and jewellery 638 equipment 671 Wholesale trading in all goods not covered Retail trading in wood, bamboo, cane, bark above 639 and thatches 672 Retail trading in other building materials 673 64-68 RETAIl TRADE- Retail trading in agricultural and industrial Retail trading in cereals, pulses, vegetables, machinery equipment, tools and appliances 680 fruit5, sugar, spices, oil, fish, dairy products, Retail trading in transport and storage eggs, poultry 640 equipments 681 Retail trading in beverages such as tea (leaf), Retail trading in electrical good., like electric coffee (seed and powder), aerated water 641 fan, bulb, etc. 682 Retail trading in intoxicants such as wines, Retail trading in skins, leather and furs and liquors 642 their product<3 excluding footwear and Retail trading in other intoxicants such as headgear 683 Retail trading in clock and watch, eye glass, opium, ganja, etc. 643 frame 684 Retail trading in tobacco, bidi, cigarettes Retail trading in scientific, medical and and other tobacco products 644 surgical instruments 685 Retail tradin~ in fuel such as coke, coal, Retail trading in precious stones andJewellery 686 firewood and kerosene 645 Retail trading in musical instruments, Retail trading in foodstuffs like sweet meat, gramaphone rewrd, pictures and paintings condiments, cakes, biscuits, tlte. 646 including curio dealing 687 Retail trading in animals 64 7 Book-selling 6BB Retail trading in straw and fodder 648 Retail trading in goods unspecified 689 Retail trading in fibres, y~rns, dhoti, saree, readymade garments of cotton, wool, silk and 69 TRADE AND COMMERCE MISCELLANEOUS­ other textiles and hosiery products (this Importing and exporting of goods and includes retail trading in pieeegoods of cotton, commodities 690 wool, silk and other textiles) 650 Real estate and properties 691 Retail trading in toilet goods, perfumes and Stocks, shares and futures 692 cosmetics 651 Providents and insurances 693 Retail trading in medicines and chemicals 652 Money lending (indigenous) 69f Retail trading in footwear, head-gear such Banking and similar type of financial opera­ as hat, umbrella, shoes and chappals 653 tion 695

61 Major Minor Major Minor Group Group Group Group" (Code) Description (Code) (Code) Description (Code} Auctioneering 696 and scientific services, health, industries, Distribution of motion pictures 697 production, construction, marketing and All other activities connected with trade and operation of financial institution. each of commerce not covered above, including which is classified in the appropriate in­ hiring out of durable goods such as electric dustry groups) fan, microphone, rickshaw, etc. 69!!t Public services in Union and State army including territorial corps and volunteer Division 7 Transport, Storage and corps 800- Communications Public service in Navy SOl 70-71 TRANSPORT- Public service in Air Force 802 Transporting by railways 700 Public service in Police S03 Transporting by tramway and bus service 701 Public service in administrative departments Transporting by motor vehicles (other than and offices of Central Government 8~ omnibus) 702 Public service in administrative departments Transporting by road through other means and offices of quasi-government organisation, of transport such as hackney carriage, municipalities, local boards etc. 805 bullock-cart, ekka 703 Public service in administrative depart- Animal transporting by animals such as ments and offices of State Governments 8~ horses, elephant, mule, camel 704 Transporting by man such as carrying of 81 EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC SERVICES-­ luggage, hand-cart driving, rickshaw pulling, Educational services such as those rendered cycle rickshaw driving 705 by technical colleges, technical schools and Transporting by boat, steamer, ferry, etc. by similar technical and vocational institutions 810 river, canal 706 Educational services such as those rendered Transporting by boat, steamer, ship, cargo by colleges, schools and similar other insti- boat by sea or ocean 707 tutions of non-technical type Sll Transporting by air 706 Scientific services and research institutions Transporting by other means not covered not capable of classification under any above 709 individual group S12 Services incidental to transport such as packing, carting travel agency 71 0 82 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES­ 72 STORAGE AND WAREHOUSING- Public health and medical services rendered by organisations and individuals such as by Operation of storage such as warehouses 720 hospitals, sanatoria, nui-sing homes, mater. Operation of storage such as cold storage 721 nity and child welfare clinic as also by Operation of storage of other type 72! hakimi, unani, ayurvedic, allopathic and 73 COMMUNICATION- homoeopathic practitioners 820 Postal, telegraphic, wireless and signal Veterinary services rendered by organi- communications 730 sations and individuals 821 Telephone communication 731 Information and broadcasting 732 83 RELIGIOUS AND WELFARE SERVICES­ Religious services rendered by religious Division 8 Services organisations and their establishments 80 PUBLIC SERVICE9-(This does not include maintained for worship or promotion of Government, Quasi-Government or local religious activities, (This includes missions, body activities, other than administrative, ashrams and other allied organisations) S» in such fields as transport, communication, Religious and allied services rendered by infOrmation and broadcasting, education pandit, priest; preceptor, fakir. monk 8S1

62 Major Minor Major Minor Group Group Group Group (Code) Description (Code) (Code) Description (Code) Welfare services rendered by organisations Recreation services rendered by cinema operating on a non-profit basis for the houses by exhibition of motion pictures 871 promotion of welfare of the community such Recreation services rendered by organisa- as relief societies, red-cross organisation for tions and individuals such as those of thea- the collection and allocation of contributions tres, opera companies, ballet and dancing for charity 832 parties, musicians, exhibitions, circus, carnivals 872 84 LEGAL SERVICES- Recreation services rendered by in-door and Legal services rendered by barrister, out-door sports by organisations and indi­ advocate, solicitor, mukteer, pleader, viduals including horse, motor, etc., racing 873 mukurie, munshi 840 Matrimonial services rendered by organi- 88 PERSONAL SERVICES- sations and individuals 841 Services rendered to households such as those by domestic servapts, cooks 880 85 BUSINESS SERVICES- Services rendered to households such as Engineering services rendered by profes- those by governess, tutor, private secretary 881 sional organisatiom; or individuals 850 Services rendered by hotels, boarding houses, Business services rendered by organisations eating houses, cafes, restaurants and similar of accountants, 'auditors, book-keepers or other organisations to provide lodging and like individuals 851 boarding facilities 882 Business services rendered by professional organisations or individuals such as those of Laundry services rendered by organisations advertising and publicity agencies 852 and individuals (This includes all types of cleaning, dyeing, bleaching, dry cleaning Business services rendered by professional services) 883 organisations or individuals such as of those Hair dressing, other services rendered by rendered by news-agency, newspaper­ organisations and individuals such as those by correspondent, columnist, journalists, editors, barber, hairdressing saloon and beauty shops 884 authors 853 Services rendered by portrait and com- 86 COMMUNITY SERVICES AND TRADE AND LABOUR mercial photographic studios 885 ASSOCIATIONS- Services rendered by trade associations, 89 SERVICES-(NoT ELSEWHERE CI.ASSIFIED) chambel"Sl of commerce, trade unions and Services rendered by organisations or similar other organisations 860 individuals not elsewhere classified 890 Services rendered by civic, social, cultural, political and. fraternal or~anisations such Division 9 Activities not adequately as rate payers association, club, library 861 described Communi1:yl services such as those rendered by public librarieS, museums, botanical and 90 Activities unspecified and not adequately zoological gardens, etc. 862 described including activities of such indi­ , viduals who fail to provide sufficient infor­ 87 RECREATION SERVICES__' mation about their industrial affiliation to Production of motion picture and allied enable them to be classified 900 services such as processing, editing etc. 870 Fresh entrants to the Labour Market .999

63 B-IV PART·A INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND CLASS OF WORKER OF PERSONS AT WORK AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY

Branch of Industry Total Total Employee Others Division and Major Group Rural ""'\ ...., of I. s. I. c. Urban Males Females Males Females Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

QVJLON DISTRICT

All DivisiolUl T 16,645 38,984 4,400 15,507 12,245 23,477 R 16,017 37,760 4,226 14,614 1l,791 23,1," U 628 1,224 174 893 454 331 55 Division 0 T 169 48 114 47 R 152 47 54 98 46 U 17 16 II Major group 00 T 16 2 5 R 16 2 11 5 02 T 3 3 R 1 1 U 2 2

03 T 78 3 36 42 3 R 78 3 36 42 3 1M T 72 43 8 64 43 R 57 42 7 50 42 U 15 14- 4- 2 2 Division T R 4 2 2 4 2 Major group 10 T 2 R 4 2 2 16,472 38,936 4,343 15,506 12,129 Division 2&3 T 23,430 R 15,861 37,713 4,170 14,613 11,691 23,100 U 61 I 1,223 173 893 438 330 1,314 902 197 53 1,117 Major group .W T 849 R 1,194 792 183 43 1,011 749 U 120 110 14 10 106 100 21 T 68 25 43 R 63 25 38 U 5 5

22 T 957 2 576 381 2 R 943 2 569 374 2 U 14 7 7

23 T 3,017 1,566 629 226 2,388 1,340 " R 2,973 1,537 618 226 2,355 1,311 U 44 29 II 33 29

24 T 25 ll3 13 40 12 73 R 19 72 II 27 8 45 U 6 41 2 13 4 28 T 5,805 29,511 2,369 15,074 3,436 14,437 ~ 5,613 28,520 2,279 14,215 3,334 14,305 192 991 90 859 102 132

64 B-IV PART.A INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND CLASS OF WORKER OF PERSONS AT WORK AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY--contd.

Branch of Industry Total Total Employee Others Division and Major Group Rural ., of I. S. I. C. Urban Males Females"""" Males Females Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Major group 28 T 1,903 6,107 190 84 1,713 6,023 R 1,883 6,100 184 84 1,699 6,016 U 20 7 6 14 7

29 T 3 5 3 5 " R 3 4 3 4 U 1 1

30 T 15 15 " R 8 8 U 7 7

31 T 32 6 26 R 29 5 24 U 3 2

32 T 14 2 12 " R 9 2 7 U 5 5

33 T 158 63 32 11 126 52 " R 112 23 19 93 23 U 46 40 13 11 33 29

34-35 T 712 535 38 11 674 524 " R 706 535 36 11 670 524 U 6 2 4

36 T 1,764 JI9 132 7 1,632 112 R 1,672 117 118 7 1,554 110 U 92 2 14 78 2

37 T 3 2 3 2 " U 3 2 3 2

38 T 57 16 41 R 54 14 40 U 3 2

39 T 625 10 118 507 10 " R 580 10 197 473 10 U 45 11 34

PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK-RURAL

All Dlvisi_ 1,080 632 97 14 983 61. Division 0 7 2 5 .. 2&3 1,073 632 95 14 978 6lt 65 lO6!4:19S.B B-IV PART-A INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND CLASS OF WORKER OF PERSONS AT WORK AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY--concld.

Branch of Industry Total Total Employee Others Division and Major Group Rural ...... of I. S. I. C. Urban Males Females Males Females Males Females

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

KUNNATHUR TALUK-RURAL

AU Divisions 1,104 1,259 118 400 986 859 Division 0 2 3 2 3 " 2&3 1,102 1,256 118 400 984 856 KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL AU Divisions 4,241 20,257 964 2,748 3,277 17,509 Division 0 53 32 6 47 32 " 2&3 4,188 20,225 958 2,748 3,230 17,477

QUILON TALUK-RURAL AU Divisions (6,637 14,139 2,799 11,400 3,838 2,739 Division 0 82 5 45 37 5 " 1 4 2 2 " 2& 3 6,551 14,134 2,752 11,400 3,799 2,734-

KOTTARAKARA TALUK-RURAL AU Divisions 1,870 800 144 33 1,726 767 Division 0 4 3 3 3 " 2&3 1,866 797 143 33 1,723 764

PATHANAPURAM TALUK-RURAL

AU Divisions 1,085 673 104 19 981 6~ Division 0 4 4- 4 3 " 2&3 1,081 669 104 18 977 651

66 B-IV PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND CLASS OF WORKER OF PERSONS AT WORK IN NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE

Branch of Industry Total Employer Employee Single worker Family worker Division and Major Total ~ Group of 1. S. I. C. Urban M F M F M F M F M F 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 .. 2 12 QUILON DISTRICT AU Divisions T 198,858 89,766 4,655 84 101,684 77,512 90,508 11,644 2,011 526 U 29,715 10,210 1,256 21 18,654 9,209 9,479 902 326 78

DiviSIOn 0 T 28,416 5,127 625 11 16,564 4,622 10,876 460 351 34 U 2,778 61 108 I 1,808 41 841 19 21 Major group 00 T 6,897 362 175 3 1,533 34 5,108 299 81 26 U 585 1 4 239 336 I (j 01 T 9,419 4,535 156 7 9,112 4,507 140 20 II U 13 5 8 02 T 1,33t 85 35 743 14 551 71 2 U 12 J 3 8 03 T 10,119 97 258 4,727 64 4,890 31 244 U 2,093 54 97 1.536 40 445 13 15 04 T 650 48 I 449 3 187 39 13 6 " U 75 6 1 22 I 52 5 Division T 4,870 87 28 4,041 73 797 14 4- U 59 I 3 27 I 29 Major group 10 T 4,870 87 28 4,041 73 797 14 U 59 1 3 27 1 29 Division 2 & 3 T 46,342 60,978 622 24 30,848 58,742 14,651 2,159 221 53 U 8,082 6,697 258 4 6,272 6,547 1,494 144 58 2

Major group 20 T 10,854 55,317 197 3 10,282 55,003 341 296 34- 1~ U 2,081 5,812 83 1,912 5,307 71 4 I) I 21 T 1,227 55 IO 1,141 55 76 U 53 3 42 8

22 T 4,635 J 17 2,663 '1 1,946 3 9 U 472 3 3 233 2 236 1 \ 23 T 1,332 371 14- 1,237 255 81 112 U 400 123 2 393 I17 5 6 24 T 22 21 2 18 12 9 U 11 6 10 6 2~ T 5 5 27 T 4,054 3,490 913 13 1,199 2,151 2,737 1,313 20 13 , U 517 276 22 I 187 186 302 89 Ii 28 T 9,184 637 93 3,777 238 5,284 382 30 16 " U 1,263 43 53 877 6 329 37 4

29 T ~.051 234 1.047 234 3 U 1 2 1 '1 30 T 828 9 ')1 3 705 67 U 302 7 18 3 248 36 31 T 180 2 II 85 84 2 U 85 4 48 33 2 32 T 463 5 436 53 19 3 U 38 2 25 8 1 33 T 528 536 :W 448 530 '>4 'i 6 " U 209 356 10 190 354 5 2 4

3,~-35 T '),444 152 33 4,017 129 1,367 21 27 2 " U 930 47 21 fl07 46 97 I 5 67 106; 4198-B B-IV PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND CLASS OF WORKER OF PERSONS AT WORK IN NON.HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE-contd.

Branch of Industry Total Employer Employee Single worker Family worker Division and Major Total ~ Group of I. S. I. C. Urban M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Majot' group 36 T 3,201 30 19 1,798 11 1,331 13 53 • 6 U 927 8 II 771 5 137 2 8 1 37 T 438 11 3 411 11 24 " U 229 6 2 215 6 12 38 T 1,060 29 670 350 II " U 238 17 159 60 2 39 T 1,836 55 19 909 53 885 2 23 " U 326 6 7 154 6 154 11 Division 4 T 5,639 93 153 2,961 78 2,525 15 U 641 8 42 275 5 324 3 Major group 40 T 5,639 93 153 2,961 78 2,525 15 U 641 8 42 275 5 324 3 DiviSion 5 T 1,559 109 1,557 107 2 U 351 64 349 64 Major group 50 T 1,180 36 1,180 36 U 168 11 168 11 51 T 379 73 377 71 2 " U 183 53 181 53 Division 6 T 27,183 1,751 1,986 25 5,156 58 19,284 1,609 757 59 U 4,860 202 546 10 1,967 29 2,201 158 146 5 Major group 60-63 T 1,049 16 264 3 509 13 249 27 U 534 10 113 2 315 8 99 7 64-68 T 24,812 1,716 1,649 21 3,774 33 18,661 1,603 728 59 " U 3,880 181 403 8 1,355 14 1,983 154 139 5 69 T 1,322 19 73 873 12 374 6 2 " U 446 I1 30 297 7 119 4 Division 7 T 13,395 212 103 9,066 127 4,226 84 U 2,895 31 30 2,171 27 694 4 Major group 70-71 T 12,271 114 103 7,945 29 4,223 84 U 2,665 9 30 1,943 5 692 4 72 T 36 2 33 2 3 U 10 2 8 2 2 73 T 1,088 96 1,088 96 U 220 20 220 20 Division 8 T 45,562 16,542 1,102 23 28,800 13,370 14,984 2,769 676 380 U 6,875 2,960 248 6 5,043 2,472 1,485 411 99 71 Major group 80 T 6,556 485 6,556 485 U 1,507 192 1,507 192 81 T 10,545 5,629 41 9,925 5,538 579 91 " U 742 637 4 706 627 32 10 82 T 3,044 863 89 3 1,472 790 1,483 70 U 402 261 21 2 217 249 164 10 83 T 2,029 435 6 1,419 168 604 266 " U 178 70 120 12 58 58 84 T 698 H 236 2 462 12 " U 179 9 36 1 143 8 85 T 703 4 10 430 4 263 " U 355 4 8 329 4 18 86 T 1,069 134 709 108 359 26 U 66 4 20 I 45 3

68 B-IV PART·B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND CLASS OF WORKER OF PERSONS AT WORK IN NON·HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE-contd.

Branch of Industry Total Employer Employee Smgle worker Family worker Division and Major Total ,.------A-­ ,.-~ Group of I. S. I. C. Urban M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Major group 87 T 451- 44 10 229 12 215 31 U 92 8 65 2 27 5 88 T 19,916 8,892 943 18 7,712 6,247 10,585 2,247 676 380 " U 3,251 1,762 213 3 2,005 1,375 934 313 99 71

89 T 548 42 2' 112 16 434 26 ~ . " U 103 13 1 38 9 64 4 Division 9 T 25,892 4,867 35 2,691 335 23,164 4,532 2 U 3,174 186 20 742 23 2,410 163 2 Major group 90 T 25,892 4,867 35 2,691 335 23,164 4,532 2 U 3,174 186 20 742 23 2,410 163 2

PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK-RURAL All Divisions 26,991 6,160 562 12 12,346 4,351 13,879 1,759 204 38 Division 4,838 1,640 187 2 4,046 1,625 586 12 19 °1 135 9 10 125 9 " 2&3 3,987 127 48 1,418 51 2,499 73 22 3 " 4 940 18 30 397 14 513 4 " 5 557 11 557 11 " 6 3,342 132 172 5 430 4 2,648 121 92 2 " 7 1,232 21 14 814 18 404 3 " 8 7,416 3,084 111 5 4,637 2,614 2,597 433 71 32 " 9 4,544 1,118 37 14 4,507 1,104 " KUNNATHUR TALUK-RURAL

All Divisions 15,095 7,492 156 5 7,036 6,511 7,730 918 173 58 Division 2,073 356 31 1,443 289 595 60 4 6 °1 109 36 73 1 " 2&3 3,374 4,946 11 1,447 4,860 1,901 79 15 7 " 4 493 4 5 218 270 4 " , 5 78 78 " "6 2,562 187 72 3 271 2,142 182 77 " 7 767 10 498 8 268 2 " , 8 4,642 1,717 34 2,922 1,352 1,609 320 77 44 " 9 997 270 2 123 872 270 " KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL

All Divisions 35,016 7,290 934 7 12,715 4,986 21,004 2,229 363 68 Division 6,421 133 189 1,468 22 4,620 105 144 6 °1 3,447 5 11 3,317 5 119 " 2&3 4,030 4,303 79 6 1,920 3,331 2,019 944 12 22 " 4 602 3 17 319 3 266 " 5 III 5 III 4 1 6 4,579 326 395 432 3 3,661 312 91 to 7 3,163 13 23 1,738 12 1,402 8 6,396 2,009 220 3,342 1,606 2,718 373 116 30 9 6267 493 68 6,199 493

69 } (16 4198-B B·IV PART·B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND CLASS OF WORKER OF PERSONS AT WORK. IN NON·HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE-concid.

Brand: of Industry Total Employer Employee Smgle worker Family worker Division of -. ,------A---. -.r--~ I. s. I. c. Total M F M F M F :\1 F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . 9 IO Il 12

QUILON TALUK-RURAL 'JlDivit;ioas 48,481 31,057 1,038 27 29,022 28,994 17,923 1,938 498 98 Division 0 6,013 47 47 2,821 26 3,019 20 126 1 891 68 9 622 67 256 I 4 " 2&3 16,329 26,810 164 13 13,639 26,223 2,469 571 57 3 " 4 1,408 11 30 985 11 393 " 5 278 20 278 20 " 6 6,330 682 488 5 1,401 13 4,241 638 200 26 " 7 2,937 30 22 1 2,172 24 743 5 " 8 8,739 2,914 270 7 5,598 2,406 2,760 432 111 69 " 9 5,556 475 8 1,506 204 4,042 271 " KOTTARAKARA TALUK-RURAL All Divisions 21,436 18,608 240 2 9,526 16,362 11,496 2,171 174 73 Division 0 1,275 152 6 2 461 42 792 98 16 lO 1 117 3 11 103 " 2&3 5,833 14,751 30 3,266 14,531 2,498 213 39 7 " 4 826 10 14 381 9 431 " 5 85 2 85 2 " 6 2,994 80 116 225 2 2,609 78 44 " 7 1,073 49 3 762 21 308 28 .. 8 6,484 2,183 67 4,167 1,667 2,175 460 75 56 9 2,749 1,381 168 88 2,580 1,293 " PATHANAPURAM TALUK-RURAL A iii Divisions 22,124 8,949 469 10 12,385 7,099 8,997 1,727 273 113 Division 0 5,018 2,738 57 4 4,517 2,577 423 146 21 11 1 112 3 2 18 92 3 " 2&3 4,707 3,344 32 2,886 3,199 1,771 135 18 9 " 4 729 39 15 386 36 328 3 " 5 99 6 99 5 1 " 6 2,516 142 197 430 6 1,782 120 107 15 . " 7 1,328 58 10 911 17 407 41 " 8 5,010 1,675 152 4 3,091 1,253 1,640 340 127 78 9 2,605 944 4 47 6 2,554 938

70 B-IV PART-C INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX. AND DIVISIONS, MAJOR GROUPS AND MINOR GROUPS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION

Notl.-Minor groups having less than 1% of workers of the respective Division (less than 0.5 % in case of minor groups of Division 2 and 3), have not been shown in this table. Divisions thus affected are marked with an asterisk (-)

Workers at Household Workers in Non-Household Total Workers Industry Industry Branch of Industry Division, Major group Total Urban Total Urban Total Urban and Minor group of r----"'----_____ ~~~~ I. S. I. C. P M F P M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15

Q,UlLON DISTRICT

All Divisions 344,253 215,503 128,750 41,777 30,34311,43416,64538,984 628 1,224 198,858 89,766 29,715 10,210

-Division 0 33,760 28,585 5,175 2,857 2,795 62 169 48 17 28,416 5,127 2,778 61 Major group 00 7,277 6,913 364 586 585 16 2 6,897 362 585 Minor group 006 5,214 5,122 92 14 13 5,122 92 13 009 1,844 1,672 172 490 490 1,672 172 490 Major" group 01 13,954 9,419 1,535 13 13 9,419 4,535 13 Minor group 010 4,741 2,082 2,659 2 2 2,082 2,659 2 012 8,558 6,718 1,840 10 10 6,718 1,840 10 015 649 613 36 1 613 36 1 Major group 02 1,419 1,334 85 14 14 3 2 1,331 85 12 Minor group 020 455 441 14 2 2 441 14 2 021 739 737 8 8 737 " 2 2 8 Major group 03 10,297 10,197 100 2,147 2,093 54 18 3 10,119 97 2,093 54 Minor group 030 5,413 5,339 74 2,147 2,093 5-1, 4 5,335 74 2,093 54 031 4,857 4,840 17 74 3 4,766 14 " Major group 04 813 722 91 97 90 7 72 43 15 650 48 75 6 Minor group 040 716 646 70 90 84 6 52 29 13 594 41 71 6 -Division 1 4,961 4,874 87 60 59 4- 4,870 87 59 Major group 10 4,961 4,874 87 60 59 4- 4,870 87 59 Minor group 107 4,922 4,836 86 36 36 4 4,832 86 36 -Division 2 & 3 162,728 62,814 99,914 16,613 8,693 7,92016,472 38,936 611 1,223 46,342 60,978 8,082 6,697 Major group 20 68,387 12,168 56,219 8,123 2,201 5,922 1,314 902 120 110 10,854 55,317 2,081 5,812 Minor group \ 200 29,585 4,047 25,538 32 23 9 389 130 23 9 3,658 25,408 203 36,045 6,188 29,857 7,480 1~673 5,807 8 9 6,180 29,848 1,673 5,807 " 207 1,142 960 182 299 296 3 322 174 12 3 638 8 284 " 2,09 1,169 568 601 201 104 97 464 558 67 93 104 43 37 Major group H 1,350 1,295 55 58 58 68 5 1,227 55 53 Minor group 212 845 845 25 25 8 1 837 24 Major group 22 5,599 5,592 7 489 486 3 957 2 14 4,635 5 472 3 Minor group 220 5,593 '5,586 7 485 482 3 957 2 14 .. 4,629 5 468 3 Major group 23 6,286 4,349 1,937 596 444 152 3,017 1,566 44 29 1,332 371 400 123 T1.finor group 232 970 823 147 432 335 97 823 147 335 97 235 4,404 ,3,338 1,066 58 51 7 2,954 1,009 33 4 384 57 18 3 Major" group 24 181 47 134 64 17 47 25 113 6 41 22 21 11 6 26 5 5 5 " 27 42,860 9,859 33,001 1,976 709 1,267 5,80529,511 192 991 4,054 3,490 517 276 Minor" group 273 3,896 3,494 402 495 4t5 80 348 108 31 35 3,146 294 384 45 277 38,588 6,146 32,442 1,432 248 1,184 5,44129,315 160 956 705 3,127 88 228 Major" group 28 17,831 11,087 6,744- 1,333 1,283 50 1,903 6,107 20 7 9,184 637 1,263 43 Minor group 280 3,478 3,477 I 830 830 37 4 3,440 1 826 .. 288 8,441 1,706 6,735 63 14 49 1,407 6,105 4 6 299 630 10 43 289 4,507 4,505 2 137 136 210 2 2 4,295 134 " 71 l06!4198-B B-IV PART..c INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND nMSIONS, MAJOR GROUPS AND MINOR GROUPS OF PERSONS AT WORK. OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Workers at Household Workers in Non-Holl$ehold Total Workers Industry Industry Branch of Industry r------~------~ Division, Major group Total Urban Total Urban Total Urban !\nd Mino group of ,.----A----.. ,....--.A---., ,--J------.. ~ I. S. I. C. P M F P M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Major group 29 1,293 1,054 239 4 3 3 5 1,051 234 2 Minor group 290 1,278 1,046 232 2 2 1,Q.16 232 2 Major group 30 853 843 10 316 309 7 15 7 828 9 302 7 ,. 31 214 212 2 90 88 2 32 3 180 2 85 2 32 530 477 53 43 43 14 5 463 53 38 33 1,285 686 599 651 255 396 158 " 63 46 40 528 536 209 356 Minor group 334 845 296 549 532 159 373 4 23 4 23 292 526 155 350 Major group 34·35 6,843 6,156 M7 983 936 47 712 535 6 5,444 152 930 47 "\finor group 340 2,978 2,944 34 614 596 18 25 2,919 33 596 18 343 1,814 1,776 38 98 98 16 1,760 38 98 .. 350 1,107 615 492 5 5 562 478 2 53 14 3 Major group 36 5,114 4,965 149 1,029 1,019 10 1,764 119 92 2 3,201 30 927 8 Minor group 369 3,489 3,358 131 245 243 2 1,642 liS 68 1 1,716 16 175 1 Major group 37 454 441 13 240 232 8 3 2 3 2 438 11 229 6 .. 38 1,117 1,117 241 241 57 3 1,060 238 ,. 39 2,526 2,461 65 377 371 6 625 10 45 1,836 55 326 6 Minor group 393 1,763 1,758 5 249 249 425 5 31 1,333 218

"'Division 4 5,732 5,639 93 649 641 8 5,639 93 641 8 Major group 40 5,732 5,639 93 649 641 8 5,639 93 641 8 Minor group 400 4,215 4,159 56 585 577 8 4,159 56 577 8 401 1,245 1,210 35 48 48 " 1,210 35 48 .. 403 270 268 2 15 15 268 2 15 "'Division 5 1,668 1,559 109 415 351 64 1,559 109 351 64 Major group 50 1,216 1,180 36 179 168 11 1,180 36 168 11 Minor group 500 504 503 1 12 12 503 1 12 .. 501 710 675 35 165 154 11 675 35 154 I) Major group 51 452 379 73 236 183 53 379 73 183 53 Minor group 510 59 58 8 8 58 8 511 393 321 72 228 175 53 lI21 72 175 !l3 "Division 6 28,934 27,183 1,751 5,062 4,860 202 27,1'1J3 1,751 4,860 202 Major group 60-63 1,065 1,049 16 544 534 10 I,Ot9 16 534 10 ,. 64-68 26,528 24,812 1,716 4,061 3,880 181 24,812 1,716 3,880 181 Minor group 640 13,269 11,806 1,463 1,477 1,346 131 11,806 1,463 I 1,346 131 ., 641 298 298 71 71 298 71 577 12 190 " 642 589 185 5 577 12 185 5 644 1,891 1,866 25 528 523 5 1,866 25 523 5 646 291 246 45 67 55 12 " 246 45 55 12 650 1,633 1,626 7 279 277 2 1,626 7 277 2 652 441 436 5 94 93 436 5 93 " 661 3,480 3,468 12 477 476 3,468 12 476 672 655 651 4 176 175 1 651 4 175 I 689 2,372 2,301 71 147 143 4 2,301 71 143 4:

72 B-IV PART-C INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND DIVISIONS, MAJOR GROUPS AND MINOR GROUPS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-concld.

Workers at Household Workers in Non-Household Total Workers Industry Industry Branch of Industry r------,~~------~, Division, Major group Total Urban and Minor group of I. S. I. C. P M F P M F

2. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15

Major group 69 1,341 1,322 19 457 446 11 1,322 19 446 11 Minor group 695 716 708 8 234 230 4 708 8 230 4 ,. 699 400 393 7 116 112 4 393 7 112 4- "Division 7 13,607 13,395 212 2,926 2,895 31 13,395 212 2,895 31 Major group 70-71 12,385 12,271 114 2,674 2,665 9 12,271 114 2,665 9 Minor group 700 1,569 1,563 6 719 715 4 1,563 6 715 4- 701 1,859 1,852 7 259 259 1,852 7 259 702 1,753 1,753 440 440 1,753 440 703 1,248 1,247 1 93 93 1,247 1 93 ,. 705 2,307 2,208 99 653 648 5 2,208 99 648 5 188 " 706 3,015 3,015 188 188 3,015 .. 707 479 478 1 306 306 478 1 306 Major group 72 38 36 2 12 10 2 36 2 10 2 73 1,184 1,088 96 240 220 20 1,088 96 220 :10 Minor" group 730 1,074 987 87 194 178 16 987 87 178 16 "Division 8 62,104 45,562 16,542 9,835 6,875 2,960 45,562 16,542 6,875 2,960 Major group 80 7,041 6,556 485 1,699 1,507 192 6,556 485 1,507 192 Minor group 803 1,118 1,105 13 391 387 4 1,105 13 387 4 804 2,148 2,130 18 333 326 7 2,130 18 326 7 805 689 604 85 215 167 48 604 85 167 48 " 809 3,086 2,717 369 760 627 133 2,717 369 627 133 Major" group 81 16,174 10,545 5,629 1,379 742 637 10,545 5,629 742 637 Minor group 811 15,844- 10,262 5,582 1,296 668 628 10,262 5,582 668 628 Major group 82 3,907 3,044- 863 663 402 261 ,3,044- 863 402 261 Minor group 820 3,808 2,946 862 652 391 261 2,946 862 391 261 Major group 83 2,464 2,029 435 248 178 70 2,029 435 178 70 Minor group ,830 1,9Il 1,579 332 192 123 69 1,579 332 123 69 Major group 84 712 698 14- 188 179 9 698 14- 179 9 Minor group 840 712 698 14 188 179 9 698 14 179 9 Major group 85, 707 703 4 359 355 4 703 4- 355 4 86 '. 1,203 1,069 134 70 66 4 1,069 134 66 4 87 498 454 44- 100 92 8 454 44- 92 8 88 28,808 19~916 8,892 5,013 3,251 1,762 19,916 8,892 3,251 1,762 Minor" group 880 11,198 4,942 6,256 2,300 974 1,326 4,942 6,256 974 1,326 .. 882 10,155 9,493 662 1,746 1,571 175 9,493 662 1,571 175 1,855 350 221 " 883 4,248 2,393 1,855 571 350 221 2,393 .. 884 2,871 2,804 67 262 257 5 2,804 67 257 5 Major group 89 590 548 42 116 103 13 548 42 103 13 Division 9 30,759 25,892 4,867 3,360 3,174 186 25,892 4,867 3,174- 186 Major group 90 30,759 25,892 4,867 3,360 3,174 186 25,892 4,867 3,174 186 Minor group 900 30,759 25,892 4,867 3,360 3,174 186 25,892 4,867 3,174 186

73 B-IV PART-C INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND DIVISIONS, MAJOR GROUPS AND MINOR GROUPS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION

APPENDIX

Minor groups having less than I % of workers of the respective Division, (less than O. S% in ca'le of minor groups of Division 2 & 3), have been shown in this appendix. The following abbreviations have been used:-

HI-Household Industry NHI-Non-household Industry M-Males

F-Femalr>~

Qun.ON DISTRICT

005 Total NHI (Ml); 007 Total HI(FI), NHI NHI (M4, F18), 239 Total HI (MIO, F7), NHI (MI, (M20, F98); 008 Total HI (MI6, FI), NHI (M82), F2), Urban HI (MIO, F7), NHI (F2); 241 Total HI Urb n NHI (M82); Oil Total NHI (M6); 022 Total (M7, F30) , NHI (M8, FI3), Urban NHI (M6, F4); NHI (M5); 023 Total HI (M2), NHI (M38, F3), 242 Total NHI (F3); 243 Total NHI (F2); 244 Total Urban HI (Ml), NHI (Ml); 025 Total HI (MI), NHI HI (MI8, F83), NHI (M14, F3), Urban HI (M6,F4l), (M3,FI), Urban HI (MI); 026 Total NHI (Ml07,F6S), NHI (M5, F2); 260 Total NHI (MS); 270 Total NHI Urban NHI (Ml); 032 Total NHI (MI8, F9); 041 (Ml), Urban NHI (Ml); 271 Total NHI (M3, F6); Total HI (FI), NHI (MS), Urban HI (Fl); 043 Total 272 Total HI (F84), NHI (M23, F51), Urban NHI HI (MI3, F7), NHI (M20, FS), Urban HI (M2), (F3); 274 Total HI (Ml, F2), NHI (M5, Fll), Urban NHI (Ml); 044 Total HI (M7, F3), NHI (M23, F2)j HI (Ml), NHI (M2); 278 Total HI (M15, F2), NHI 046 Total NHI (M2), Urban NHI (M2); 047 Total (M139, FI), Urban NHI (M42); 279 Total NHI (M32); NHI (M6), Urban NHI (Ml); 048 Total HI (F3); 281 Total HI (M67), NHI (M498, FI), Urban HI 100 Total NHI (M2), Urban NHI (Ml); 105 Total (M6), NHI (MI20); 282 Total HI (MI78), NHI NHI (MI); 106 Total NHI (Ml); 108 Total NHI (M393), Urban HI (M3), NHI (MI52); 283 Total (MIl); 109 Total NHI (M23, Fl), Urban NHI (M22, NHI (MI7), Urban NHI (M4); 284 Total HI (M3), Fl); 201 Total NHI (MS); 202 Total HI (M2, FI), NHI (M12), Urban HI (Ml); 285 Total NHI (MI55, NHI (M21, F3); 204 Total HI (M50, FI6), NHI FS), Urban NHI (Ml); 286 Total NHI (M4), Urban (M50, F2), Urban HI (M7, F2), NHI (M13); 205 NHI (Ml); 287 Total HI eMl), NHI (M7l), Urban T tal HI (M77, F7), NHI (MI94, F4), Urban HI NHI (M15); 29l-Total HI (Fl), NHI (M3, FI), (Mll, F3), NHI (M73, FI); 206 Total HI (M2, F7), Urban HI (Fl), NHI (Ml); 292 Total HI (M3,F4), NHI (M3, FI), Urban NHI (MI); 208 Total NHI NHI (M2, Fl); 300 Total NHI (M258, F3), Urban (Ml); 214 Tod HI (M57), NHI (M73), Urban HI NHI (MI38, F3); 301 Total NHI (M2l6), Urban (M2), NHI (M20); 215 Total HI (Ml), NHI (MI9), NHI (M13); 302 Total HI (M8), NHI (M247, F3), Urban HI (Ml), NHI (M4); 217 Total NHI (M293, Urban HI (M3), NHI (M124, F3); 303 Total HI (M7, FSS), Urban NHI (M2); 218 Total HI (Ml), NHI Fl), NHI (M107, F3), Urban, HI (M4), NHI (M27, (MS), Urban HI (Ml), NHI (M3); 219 Total HI Fl); 310 Total NHI (M3), Urban NHI (M2); 311 (Ml); 221 Total NHI (M4), Urban NHI (M4); 222 Total HI (M3l), NHI (M145, F2), Urban HI (M3), Total NHI (Ml); 226 Tctal NHI (Ml); 230 Total NHI (M67, F2); 313 Total Hl (Ml), NHI (M13), NHI (M4, FI), Urban NHI (M2); 231 Total HI Urban NHI (M4); 314 Total NHI (M19), Urban NHI (M26, FI5l), NHI (M15, F16), Urban HI (Fl), NHI (M12); 320 Total HI (MlO), NHI (M78), Urban fM6, Fl); 233 Total HI (M3), NHI (M32), Urban HI (M5), NHI (M32); 322 Total NHI (M325, F53), HI (MI), NHI (MIl); 234 Total NHI (M27, FI7), Urban NHI (Ml); 323 Total HI (M4), NHI (M44), Urban NHI (M22, F2); 236 Total HI (M2, F5),. Urban NHI (M5); 324 Total NHI (M15); 326 Total NHI (M2l, F8), Urban HI (Fl), NHI (Ml); 237 NHI (Ml); 330 Total NHI (M6), Urban NHI (M4); Total NIH (MI, FI), Urban NHI (MI); 238 Total HI 331 Total HI (M4, F2), NHI (M30, F2), Urban HI (M22, F394) , NHI (M24, FI22), UrbanlHI (F16), (M2, F2). NHI (M3, F2); 332 Total NHI (M9) ,

74 B-IV PART-C INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND DIVISIONS, MAJOR GROUPS AND MINOR GROUPS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Urban NHI (Ml); 333 Total HI (M9), NHI (M20), NHI (MI); 502 Total NHI (M2), Urban NHI (M2); Urban HI (M8), NHI (M4); 335 Total HI (M94, 600 Total NHI (M188, F2), Urban NHI (MI04, F23), NHI (M87, F7), Urban HI (M17, F7), NHI FI); 601 Total NHI (M285, Fl), Urban NHI (M95); (M25, F4); 336 Total HI (M30, F3), NHI (M52), 602 Total NHI (Ml12), Urban NHI (M8S); 603 Urban HI (M6, Fl), NHI (M12); 337 Total HI (Fl); Total NHI (MI3), Urban NHI (MlO); 606 Total 339 Total HI (M17, Fll), NHI (M32, Fl), Urban HI NHI (M83), Urban NHI (M48); 607 Total NHI (MI); (M9, F7), NHI (M5); 341 Total HI (M3), NHI (M96), 608 Total NHI (Ml), Urban NHI (MI); 610 Total Urban NHI (M2); 342 Total HI (MlOO, F55), NHI NHI (M3), Urban NHI (MI); 611 Total NHI (MI6, (M64, F18), Urban HI (M3), NHI (MI3); 344 Total F3), Urban NHI (M9, F3); 612 Total NHI (MI); HI (M2), NHI (M14, FI), Urban HI (MI), NHI 613 Total NHI (M7), Urban NHI (M7); 614 Total (M3, Fl); 345 Total NHI (M5), Urban NHI (MI); NHI (M4), Urban NHI (M2); 616 Total NHI (M8); 351 Total NHI (M334, F32), Urban NHI (MI31,FIS); 617 Total NHI (M46, F2), Urban NHI (M44, F2); 352 Total NHI (MI3l, FI2), Urban NHI (M41,FIl); 620 Total NHI (M5); 621 Total NHI (M94, F I), 355 Total NHI (M6), Urban NHI (M6); 356 Total Urban NHI (M67, FI); 630 Total NHI (M61, F3), NHI (MI, F2); 357 Total NHI (Ml), Urban NHI Urban NHI (M24, F3); 632 Total NHI (M2), Urban (MI); 359 Total HI (M4, Fl), NHI (M60,F2), Urban NHI (M2); 633 Total NHI (M3), Urban NHI (Ml); NHI (M35, F2); 360 Total NHI (M32), Urban NHI 634 Total NHI (M5), Urban NHI (M5); 636 Total (MlO); 361 Total NHI (M2), Urban NHI (MI); NHI (MI5), Urban NHI (MI2); 638 Total ~HI 363 Total NHI (MIl, F3), Urban NHI (M4); 364 (MI), Urban NHI (MI); 639 Total NHI (M95, F4) I Total NHI (M2), Urban NHI (M2); 365 Total HI Urban NHI (MI6); 645 Total NHI (MI81, F44), (M82; F2), NHI (M94) , Urban HI (M12), NHI Urban NHI (M76, F8); 647 Total NHI (MI37), (M23); 366 Total HI (Ml), NHI (M606, F8), Urban Urban NHI (MI3); 648 Total NHI (M63, FI3), NHI (M409 , F5); 367 Total HI (M26, Fl), NHI Urban NHI (M27, F8); 651 Total NHI (M76), Urban (M626, Fl), Urban HI eM3), NHI (M265, FI); 368 NHI (M22); 653 TotalNHI (M39), UrbanNHI (M21); Total HI (MI3, FI), NHI (Ml12, F2), Urban HI 654 Total NHI (M58), Urban NHI (M8); 655 Total (M9, Fl), NHI (M38, Fl); 370 Total HI (MI, FI), NHI (MI22), Urban NHI (M37); 660 Total NHI NHI (M8), Urban HI (Ml, Fl), NHI (M3); 371 Total (M42), Urban NHI (M24); 662 Total NHI (MI30) NHI (Ml), Urban NHI (Ml); 372 Total NHI (M6); Urban NHI (M30); 663 Total NHI (M105, F8), 373 Total NHI (M2), Urban NHI (Ml); 374 Total Urban NHI (M9); 664 Total NHI (MI3, F3), Urban NHI (M7), Urban NHI (M4); 375 Total NHI (M2); NHI (M3); 670 Total NHI (M32), Urban NHI (M4); 376 Total NHI,(MI7), Urban NHI (MIl); 377 Total 671 Total NHI (MI80), Urban NHI (M8I); 673 NHI (M9), UrJ:¥m NHI (M4); 378 Total HI (M2, Fl), Total NHI (M6), Urban NHI eM3); 680 Total NHI NHI (M22, F6), Urban HI (M2, FI), NHI (M8, F6); (M8), Urban NHI (MI); 681 Total NHI (M56), 379 Total NHI (M364, F5), Urban NHI (M197); Urban NHI (M24); 682 Total NHI (M30, FI), Urban 380 Total NHI (M,30), Urban NHI (MI); 381 Total NHI (MI9, Fl); 683 Total NHI (M3l), Urban NHI NHI (Ml); 382 Total NHI (MI4), Urban NHI (Ml); (MI3); 684 Total NHI (MI7), Urban NHI (MI3); 383 Total NHI (M6); 384 Total HI (MI8), NHI 686 Total NHI (MI63, F2), Urban NHI (M77, Fl); (M480), Urban HI (M2), NI{I (MI62); 385 Total 687 Total NHI (Mil), Urban NHI (M8); 688 Total HI (M4), NHI (M44), Urban NHI (M9); 386 Total NHI (M37, Fl), Urban NHI (M23, Fl); 690 Total HI (MI2)1 NHI (M2I4), Urban NHI (MI3); 387 NHI (M57), Urban NHI (M50); 691 Total NHI Total NHI (M2), Urban NHI (MI); 388 Total HI (M14), Urban NHI (M5); 692 Total NHI (M4); (MI9), NHI (M262), Urban !II (MI), NHI (M51); 693 Total NHI (MI27, F4), Urban NHI (M43, F3); 389 Total HI (M4), NHI (M7); 390 Total HI (M2), 694 Total NHI (M8), Urban NHI (M3); 696 Total NHI (M2), Urban HI (M2) , NHI (Ml); 391 Total NHI (M3); 697 Total NHI (M8), Urban NHI (M3); HI (MI), Urban HI (MI); 392 Total HI (MI75), 704 Total NHI (Ml); 708 Total NHI (M5); 709 Total NHI (M89), Urban HI (M2), NHI (M39); 394 Total NHI (M25); 710 Total NHI (MI24), Urban NHI HI (M2), NHI (MI), Urban HI (M2); 395 Total (M16); 720 Total NHI (MIO, F2), Urban NHI HI (M2), NHI (M26, FIl), Urban HI (M2), NHI (MlO, F2); 722 Total NHI (M26); 731 Total NHI (MIl, F6); 396 Total NHI (Ml), Urban NHI (MI); (M98, F8), Urban NHI (M42, F4); 732 Total NHI 399 Total HI (MI8, F5), NHI (M384, F44), Urban (M3, Fl); 810 Total NHI (M268, F45), Urban NHI HI (M5), NHI (M56); 402 Total NHI (M2), Urban (M74, F9); 812 Total NHI (MI5, F2); 821 Total 75 B-IV PART-C INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND DIVISIONS, MAJOR GROUPS AND MINOR GROUPS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-concld.

NHI (M98, FI), Urban NHI (MIL); 831 Total NHI NHI (M50, F4); 862 Total NHI (M379, F39), Urban (M439, F96), Urban NHI (M52); 832 Total. NHI NHI (M3); 870 Total NHI (M9), Urban NHI (M4); (MIl, F7), Urban NHI (M3, F1); 850 Total NHI 871 Total NHI (M150, F2), Urban NHI (M42, F2); (M325, F3), Urban NHI (M321, F3); 851 Tota.j. NHI 872 Total NHI (M293, F42), Urban NHI (M44, F6); (M293), Urban NHI (MlO); 852 Total NHI (M6), 873 Total NHI (M2), Urban NHI (M2); 881 Total Urban NHI (M3); 853 Total NHI (M79, Fl), Urban NHI (M155, F52), Urban NHI (M44, F35); 885 Total NHI (M21, F1); 860 Total NHI (M196, F6), Urban NHI (M129), Urban NHI (M55); 890 Total NHI NHI (MI3); 861 Total NHI (M494, F89), Urban (M548, F42) , Urban NHI (MI03, F13).

76 B-IV PART-C (i) INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND DIVISIONS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION

Workers at Household Workers in Non- Total Workers Industry Household Industry Branch of Industry r- -.. ,..---A---~ Division ofI.S.I.e. Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females 2 3 4: 5 6 7 8

PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK-RURAL

All DivisioDS 34,863 28,071 6,792 1,080 632 26,991 6,160 Division 0 6,485 4,845 1,640 7 4,838 1,640 144 135 9 135 " 9 2&3 5,819 5,060 759 1,073 632 3,987 127 4 958 940 18 940 18 5 568 557 11 557 11 6 3,474- 3,342 132 3,342 132 7 1,253 1,232 21 " 1,232 21 8 10,500 7,416 3,084 7,416 3,084 9 5,662 4,544 1,118 4,544 1,118

KUNNATHUR TALUK-RURAL

All DivisioDS 24,950 16,199 8,751 1,104 1,259 15,095 7,492 Division 0 2,434 2,075 359 2 3 2,073 356 I 110 109 109 1 " 10,678 4,476 6,202 1,102 1,256 " 2&3 3,374 4,946 4 497 493 4 493 4 " 5 79 78 1 " 78 1 6 2,749 2,562 187 2,562 187 " 7 777 767 10 " 767 10 8 6,359 4,642 1,717 4,642 1,717 " 9 1,267 997 270 " 997 270 KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL All DivisioDS 66,804 39,257 27,547 4,241 20,257 35,016 7,290 Division 0 6,639 6,474 165 53 32 6,421 133 3,452 3,447 5 3,447 5 " 2&3 32,746 8,218 24,528 4,188 20,225 4,030 4,303 4 605 602 3 602 3 " 5 116 111 5 111 5 " 6 4,905 4,579 326 " 4,579 326 7 3,176 3,163 13 3,163 13 " 8 8,405 6,396 2,009 6,396 2,009 " 9 6,760 6,267 493 " 6,267 493 QUILON TALUK-RURAL

All DivisioDS 100,314 55,118 45,196 6,637 14,139 48,481_ 31,057 Division 0 6,147 6,095 52 82 5 6,013 47 1 963 895 68 4 " 891 68 2&3 63,82. 22,880 40,944- 6,551 H,134 16,329 " 26,810 4- 1,419 1,408 11 1,408 11 " 5 298 278 20 " 278 20 ., 6 7,012 6,330 682 6,330 682 7 2,967 2,937 30 " 2,937 30 8 11,653 8,739 2,914- 8,739 2,914 " 9 6,031 5,556 475 5,556 " 475

77 B-IV PART-C (1) INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND DMSIONS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-concld.

Workers at Household Workers m Non- Total Workers Industry Household Industry Branch of Industry -., '""I Division of I.S.1.0. Persons Males Females Males Females Males Female!!

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

KOTTARAKARA TALUK-RURAL

All Divisions 42,714 23,306 19,408 1,870 800 21,436 18,608 Division 0 1,434 1,279 155 4 3 1,275 152 .. I 117 117 117 2&3 23,247 7,699 15,548 1,866 797 5,833 14,751 4 836 826 10 826 10 5 87 85 2 85 2 " 6 3,074 2,994 80 2,994 80 " 7 1,122 1,073 49 1,073 49 " 8 8,667 6,484 2,183 6,484 2,183 " 9 4,130 2,749 1,381 2,749 1,381

PATHANAPURAM TALUK-RURAL

All Divisions 32,831 23,209 9,622 1,085 673 22,124 8,949 Division 0 7,764 5,022 2,742 4 4 5,018 2,738 115 112 3 112 3 " 2&3 9,801 5,788 4,013 1,081 669 4,707 3,344- " 4 768 729 39 729 39 " 5 105 99 6 99 6 " 6 2,658 2,516 142 2,516 142 " 7 1,386 1,328 58 1,328 58 " 8 6,685 5,010 1,675 5,010 1,675 " 3,549 2,60'i 944 2,605 9U " 9

78 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION Fly-leaf 1. This table gives the distribution of non-agricul­ (iii) The code number 063 given to Jurists and tural workers by sex according to the 'National Classi­ Legal Technicians n.e.c. (including petition writers) fication of Occupations' issued by the Ministry of Labour in the National Classification of Occupations has been and Employment, Government of India, which classi­ changed to 069. fies occupations into 331 families, 75 groups and 11 divisions. A few modifications as mentioned below (iv) The family 673-Teleprinter operators has have been made in the National Classification of been newly added. Occupations while classifying the economic data in this ~it Under this scheme each individual is classified on table. the basis of the nature of his (or her) work irrespective (i) The family OX4 relating to Geographers of the natur(' of establishment where he (or she) works. has been deleted and code 073 assigned to them. Each of these divisions, groups and families is cross­ Actuaries coming under the family 073 according to classified with the 7 non-agricultural industrial cate­ the National Classification of Occupations have been gories (categories III to IX). brought under 072 statisticians. 2. The cross-classification of occupation with (ii) The familes 400-0wner cultivators, 401- industry is a peculiarity of the 1961 Census and this Cultivating tenants, 4l4-Agricultural labourers and being the first time that such an attempt is made there the major group XO-Workers without occupations are some occupational families which appear incongrous of the National Classification of Occupations have been vis-a-vis the industrial category in which they have omitted because of the exclusion of cultivators, agri­ been placed. Such instances are given below suggesting cultural labourers and non-workers for the purpose of the more appropriate categories to which they should classification in this table. belong:-

APPROPRIATE INDUSTRIAL CATEGORmS OF OCCUPATIONAL FAMILIES Industrial Total Urban Appropriate category as ~-, r-~ Industrial Code No. Description of the Family given in the table M F M F Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

300 Working proprietors, wholesale trade V 9 7 VII; IX 1 1 .. J 301 Workmg proprietors, retall trade IX 37 3 37 3 VII 310 Agents and salesmen, insurance IX 2 2 VII 312 Brokers and agents, securities and shares IX 3 3 III, IV, VII or VIII 320 Commerch1 travellers IX 3 3 VII 411 Farm workers, animals, bIrds and insects rearing VII 2 2 III, IV, or V 439 Fish~rmen and rel"tcd workcrs n.e.c. V 9 19 3 III or IV 501 Quarrymen V 12 8 12 8 III, IV or VI 511 Well drillers,''lthet than petroleum and gas IX 2 1 III 672 Radio communication and wIreless op('rators V 2 I VIII or IX 702 Spinners, piecers and winders VII I I IV or V 730 Furnacemen, metal IX 3 3 III, IV, Vor VIII 734 Moulders and core makers IX 4 4 IV, Vor VIII 757 Metal plate and structural metal workers VII I 1 III, IV, V or VIII 791 Bnck layers, plasterers, maso1'lS V 2 2 VI 819 Potters, kIlnmen, glass and' clay formers and related workers n.e.c. IX I I IV or V 839 Chemical & related process workers n.e.c. IX 2 2 IV or V 859 Craftsmen and production process workers n.e.c. III I I VII 2 2 IV or V IX 5 3 :i} 874 Operators of earth moving and other construction machmery n.e.c. IX 2 2 V or VI 3. In spite of the limitations pointed out above, 4. In this table those occupational families the this table will be of much use in giving an idea about figures of which are less than 1 per cent of the respec­ the variety of occupations and the employment tive Divisions (less than 0.5 per cent in the case of opportunities under different industries. Division 7-8) have been omitted giving the figures of those families in the appendix at the end of the table.

79 B-V OC(lUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION

Total Workers

Division/Group/Famlly Total Urban ~ Category Persons Males Females Penons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Q.UlLON DISTRICT All Divisions Total 344,253 215,503 128,750 41,777 30,343 11,434 m 38,500 33,286 5,214 2,899 2,837 62 IV 55,629 16,645 38.984 1,852 628 1,224 V 107,320 46,342 60,978 14,779 8,082 6,697 VI 5,732 5,639 93 649 641 8 vn 28,934 27,183 1.751 5,062 4,860 202 vm 13,607 13,395 212 2,926 2,895 31 IX 94,531 73,013 21,518 13,610 10,400 3,210 *DivisioD 0 PROFESSlONAL, TECHNICAL AND RELATED WORKERS Total 23,557 16,705 6,852 2,658 1,692 966 III 120 108 12 5 5 IV 88 71 17 15 11 4 V 202 189 13 99 92 7 VI 351 345 6 42 41 I VII 21 19 2 19 18 1 VIII 18 17 1 10 9 1 IX 22,757 15,956 6,801 2,468 1,516 952 Group 00 ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS Total 718 714 4 145 145 III 27 27 1 1 V 44- 44- 30 30 VI 323 319 4 36 36 VIII 6 6 4 4 IX 318 318 74 74 Family 001 CIVIL ENGINEERS (INCLUDING OVERSEERS) Total 325 322 3 49 49 III 4 4 V 6 6 3 3 VI 199 196 3 19 19 VIII 4 4 2 2 IX 112 112 25 25 Group 01 CHEMISTS, PHYSICISTS, GEOLOGISTS AND OTHER PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS Total 28 27 9 9 III 6 6 IV 5 5 V 16 15 1 8 8 IX 1 1 1 1

Group 02 BIOLOGISTS, VETERINARIANS, AGRONOMISTS AND RELATED SCIBNTISTS Total 94 91 3 7 7 III 36 36 1 1 IX 58 55 3 6 6 Group 03 I'HYsICIANs, SURGEONS AND DENTISTS Total 2,003 1,916 87 254 226 28 III 5 4 V 10 9 7 6 VII 3 3 3 3 VIII 1 1 1 1 IX 1,984 1,899 85 243 216 21 80 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd. .

Total Workers

Division/Group/Family Total Urban Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Family 031 PHYsICIANS, AYVRVEDIC Total 1,014 988 26 117 III 6 V 8 7 5 4 1 VII 2 2 2 2 IX 1,004 979 25 110 105 5 Family OS3 PHYsICIANS. OTHERS Total 351 339 12 52 47 5 V 1 I 1 I VII 1 I 1 1 IX 349 337 12 50 45 5

Family 039 PHYsICIANs. SURGEONS AND DENTISTS, N. E. c. Total 239 233 6 2 III I I IX 238 232 6 2

Group 04 NURSES, PHARMACISTS AND OTHER MEDICAL AND HEALTH TECHNICIANS Total 1,569 879 690 352 144 208 III 22 11 11 IV 81 64 17 13 9 4 V 36 28 8 8 3 5 VII 10 10 10 10 VIII 4 3 I 3 2 1 IX 1,416 763 653 318 120 198

Family 040 NURSES Total 380 18 362 130 3 127 III 5 5 V 2 2 ..• IX 373 18 355 130 3 127

Family 042 NURSING ATl'2NDANTS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 315 243 72 53 24 29 III 8 5 3 ... V 6 1 5 6 5 VIII 1 I I I IX 300 237 63 46 23 23

Family 043 PlrARMACISTS AND PHARllACEUTICAL TECHNICIAN! TotaJ 454 427 27 61 54 7 III 5 5 IV 81 64 17 13 9 4 V 24 24 VII 9 9 9 9 VIII 3 3 .. 2 2 IX 332 322 10 37 34 3

Group 05 TEACHER! Total 14,905 9,371 5,534 1,241 605 636 V I I 1 I VIII 1 I I 1 IX 14,903 9,369 5,534 1,239 603 636

81 10614198-B o..v OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers

Division/Group/Family Total Urban

Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Family 050 TEACHERS, UNlVERSlTY Total 291 236 55 157 119 38 IX 291 236 55 157 119 38

Family OSI TEACHERS, SECONDARY SCHOOLS Total 2,728 1,933 795 269 133 136 IX 2,728 1,933 795 269 133 136

Family 052 TEACHERS, MIDDLE AND PRIMARY SCHOOLS Total 10,019 5,846 4,173 614 241 373 IX 10,019 5,846 4,173 614 241 373

Family 053 TEACHERS, NURSERY AND KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS Total 326 221 105 IX 326 221 105

Family 059 TEACHERS, K. B. Ct Total 1,541 1,135 406 200 112 88 V 1 1 1 1 VIII 1 1 1 1 IX 1,539 1,133 406 198 110 88 Group 06 JUIUml Total 739 723 16 162 152 10 V 1 1 1 1 IX 738 722 16 161 lSI 10

Family 061 LEGAL PRAC'lTJ'IOKERS AND ADVISERS Total 307 295 12 121 113 8 IX 307 295 12 121 US 8

Family 062 LAw ASSISTAN'l'II Total 375 375 IX 375 375

Group 07 SOCIAL SCIl!NTISTS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 300 218 82 75 63 12 III 11 11 2 2 V 21 19 2 8 8 VII 8 6 2 6 5 VIII 4 4 1 1 IX 256 178 78 58 47 U

Group 08 ARTISTS, WRlTJ!RS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 641 588 53 138 130 8 IV 2 2 2 2 V 36 35 29 28 VI 1 1 IX 602 550 52 107 100 7

Family 086 MUSICIANS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 365 332 33 69 62 7 IX 365 332 ~3 69 1)2 7 82 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLAS8mCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CUL TIVATION-contd.

Total Workers , Division/Group/Family Total Urban

~ Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Group 09 DRAUGHTSMEN AND SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS, N.B.C. Total 133 123 10 43 42 III 13 13 1 1 V 31 31 7 7 VI 27 25 2 6 5 VIII 2 2 IX 60 52 8 29 29

Group OX OTHER PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND RELATED WORKERS Total 2,427 2,055 372 232 169 63 V 6 6 IX 2,421 2,049 372 232 169 63

Family OXO ORDAINED RELIGIOUS WORKERS Total 879 826 53 123 72 51 IX 879 826 53 123 72 51

Family OXI NON-ORDAINED RELIGIOUS WORKERS Total 1,082 797 285 59 53 6 IX 1,082 797 285 59 53 6

Family OX2 AsTROLOGERS, PALMISTS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 393 365 28 37 31 6 IX 393 36') 28 37 31 6

*Division ADMINISTRATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND MANAGERIAL WORKERS Total 13,546 12,978 568 1,816 1,753 63 III 110 109 1 9 9 IV 60 48 12 14 14 V 1,489 1,450 39 440 427 13 VI 311 311 70 70 VII 1,332 1,319 13 161 157 4 VIII 135 134 1 56 56 IX 10,109 9,607 502 1,066 1,020 46

Group 10 ADMINISTRATORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS, GOVERNlIENT Total 2,704 2,605 99 367 360 7 IX 2,704 2,605 99 367 360 7

Family 100 ADMINISTRATORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Total 1,643 1,642 230 229 I IX 1,643 1,642 230 229 1 J Family 101 ADMINISTRATORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS, STATE GOVERNMENT Total 360 343 17 108 103 5- IX 360 343 17 108 103 5-

Family 102 ADMINISTRATORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS, LOCAL BODIES Total 159 150 9 10 10 IX 159 150 9 10 10

Family 104 VILLAGE OFFICIALS Total 536 464 72 14 13 1 IX 536 454 72 14 13 I

83 106!4198-B B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers

Division/Group/Family Total Urban

Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Group 11 DIRECTORS AND MANAGERS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

Total 1,089 1,080 9 88 86 2 V 2 2 2 2 VII 1,087 1,078 9 86 84 2

Family III DIRECTORS AND MANAGERS, RETAIL TRADE

Total 978 969 9 71 69 2 V 2 2 2 2 VII 976 967 9 69 67 2

Group 12 DIRECTORS, MANAGERS AND WORKING PROPRIETORS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Total 212 210 2 43 43 VII 212 210 2 43 43

Group 13 DIRECTORS, JlANAGERS AND WORKING PROPRIETORS, OTHER Total 9,541 9,083 458 1,318 1,264- 54 III 110 109 1 9 9 IV 60 48 12 14 14 V 1,487 1,448 39 438 425 13 VI 311 311 70 70 VII 33 31 2 32 30 2 VIII 135 134 1 56 56 IX 7,405 7,002 403 699 660 39

Family 131 DIRECTORS, MANAGERS AND WORKING PROPRIETORS, CONSTRUCTION

Total 311 311 70 70 VI 311 311 70 70

Family 133 DIRECTORS, MANAGERS AND WORKING PROPRIETORS, MANUPACTURING Total 1,516 1,466 50 448 436 12 IV 60 48 12 14 14 V 1,456 1,418 38 4g4 422 12

Family 135 DIRECTORS, MANAGERS AND WORKING PROPRIETORS, RECREATION, ENTERTAINMJ£NT AND CATERlNG SERVICES Total 7,075 6,689 386 661 625 36 V 3 2 1 3 2 1 VII 24 22 2 24 22 2 IX 7,048 6,665 383 634 601 33

Family 136 DIRECTORS, MANAGERS AND WORKING PROPRIETORS, OHlER SERVICES Total 273 255 18 49 45 4- IX 273 255 18 49 45 4

"Division 2 CLERICAL AND RELATED WORKERS Total 9,613 9,087 526 2,671 2,509 162 III 704- 686 18 15 14 1 IV 4 4 V 1,583 '1,539 44- 696 686 10 VI 264 250 14 13 13 VII 1,228 ~,223 5 526 522 4- VIII 514 486 28 202 192 10 IX 5,316 4,899 417 1,219 1,082 137

84 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers

~ Division/Group/Family Total Urban

~ Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Group 20 BOOK-KEEPERS AND CASHIERS Total 1,100 1,088 12 451 446 5 III 39 39 IV 3 3 V 133 131 2 100 99 VI 1 1 VII 619 618 225 225 VIII 29 • 29 14 14 IX 276 267 9 III 107 4

Family 200 BoOK-KEEPERS, BOOK-KEEPING AND ACCOUNTS CLEJlXS Total 892 884 8 341 338 3 III 34 34 1 IV 3 3 V 90 89 1 71 71 VII 557 556 1 186 186 VIII 9 9 4- 4- IX 199 193 6 79 76 3 Family 201 CAsmERs Total 179 175 4- 97 95 2 III 5 5 V 43 42 29 28 VI I I VII 62 62 39 39 VIII 10 HI 6 6 IX 58 55 8 28 22 I Group 21 STENOGRAPHERS AND TYPISTS Total 304 214 90 142 104 38 III 16 11 5 1 1 V 64 52 12 32 27 5 VI 9 6 3 VII 10 10 9 9 VIII 8 5 3 4 4 IX 197 130 67 96 63 33 Family 211 TYPISTS Total 248 166 82 108 74 34- III 12 8 4 V 50 "0 10 24- 20 4- VI 8 5 3 VII 8 8 7 7 VIII 7 4 3 3 3 IX 163 I It! 62 74 44- 30-

Group 22 OPFICE MACIlIN~ OPERATORS T6tal -3 2 III 1 1 V 1 1 IX 1 1 Group 28 CLERICAL WORKERS, MISCELLANEOUS Total 5,592 5,201 391 1,535 1,423 112 III 536 524 12 10 9 IV 1 I .. V 1,247 1,217 30 465 461 4- VI 160 150 10 7 7 VII 462 458 4 232 228 4 VIII 373 351 22 140 132 8 IX 2,813 2,500 313 681 586 9"- 85 10614198-B :o..v OCCUPATIONAL CLASSMCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION---eontti.

Total Workers

Division/Group/Family Total Urban

Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 a of 5 6 7

Family 280 GENERAL AND atHER MINISTERIAL ASSISTANTS AND CLbKlI Total +,907 4,544- 363 1,432 1,322 110 III 258 249 9 9 8 1 IV 1 i V 1,068 1,057 II 437 433 4 VI ISO 140 10 6 6 VII 407 403 4 211 207 4- VIII 346 325 21 128 120 8 IX 2,677 2,369 S08 641 548 93

Pamily 289 MISCELLANEOUS OPPJOE WORKERS INCLlJDING RECORD KEEPElUI, IdUllARRERS, Dl!II'ATCHERS, PA

Total 685 657 28 103 101 2 III 278 275 3 1 1 V 179 160 19 28 28 VI 10 10 1 1 VII 55 55 21 21 VIII 27 26 1 12 12 IX 136 131 5 40 38 2

Group 29 UNSKILLED OPP'ICE WORKERS Total 2,614- 2,582 32 542 536 6 III 112 111 3 3 V 138 138 99 99 VI 94 93 6 6 VII 137 137 60 60 VIII 104 101 3 44 42 2 IX 2,029 2,002 27 330 326 4

Family 290 QpPICE ATI'l!NDANTS INCLlJDING PEONS, MESSBNOBRB, tl'SHERS, HAU. PORTERS, DvaWAm ETC., II... c. Total 2,614- 2,582 32 542 536 6 III 112 III 3 3 V 138 138 99 99 VI 94- 93 6 - 6 VII 137 137 60 60 VIII 104 101 3 44- 42 2 IX 2,029 2,002 21 330 326 4-

·Division 3 SALES WORKERS Total 25,541 23,831 1,710 3,968 3,784- 184 III 25 17 8 24 16 8 IV 32 25 7 26 19 7 V 232 227 5 213 208 5 VII 25,102 23,416 1,686 3,566 3,406 160 VIII 20 20 13 13 IX 130 126 4 126 122 4

Group 30 WORKING PROPRIETORS, WHOLIISALE AND RETAIL TRADE Total 16,419 1~,783 636 2,690 2,532 158 III 21 15 6 21 15 6 IV 24- 17 7 24 17 7 V 93 89 4 91 87 4 VII 16,240 15,624- 616 2,513 2,375 138 IX 41 38 3 41 38 3

86 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSMCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers

~ Division/Group/Family Total Urban

Persons Categm'y Males Females Persons Males Female. 2 3 4 5 6 7

Family 300 WORKING PROPRIETORS, WHOLllSALE TRADE Total 321 319 2 167 166 V 9 9 7 7 VII 311 309 2 159 158 IX 1 1 1 1 Family 301 WORKING PROPRIETORS, RETAIL TRADE Total 16,098 15,464 634 2,523 2,366 157 III 21 15 6 21 15 6 IV 24 17 7 24- 17 7 V 84 80 4 84 80 4- VII 15,929 15,315 614 2,354- 2,217 137 IX 40 37 3 40 37 3

Group 31 I:NSIJRANCE AND REAL ESTATE SALESMEN, SALESMEN OF SECURITUlS AND SERVICl!ll, .AND AUCTlONBBRII Total 177 175 2 69 68 III I 1 V 5 5 4- 4 VII 147 145 2 48 47 VIII 16 16 9 9 IX 8 8 8 8

Gro\lp 32 CoMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS AND MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS Total 422 420 2 100 98 2 V 48 47 41 40 VII 352 351 41 40 VIII 4 4 4 4 IX 18 18 14 14 Family 321 MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS Total 378 376 2 93 91 2 V 44 43 39 38 1 VII 318 317 39 38 1 VIII 4 4 4 4 IX 12 12 II 11

Group 33 SALESMEN, SHOP ASSISTANTS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 8,505 7,435 1,070 1,101 1,078 23 III 3 1 2 3 I 2 IV 8 8 2 2 V 86 86 77 77 VII 8,345 7,278 1,067 956 936 20 IX 63 62 I 63 62 I

Family 330 SALESMEN AND SHOP ASSISTANTS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE Total 2,767 2,761 6 778 775 3 IV 1 1 V 47 47 43 43 VII 2,673 2,668 5 689 687 2 IX 46 45 1 46 45 1 Family 331 HAWKERS, PBDLARS AND STREET VENDORS Total 5,686 4,623 1,063 319 299 20 III 3 1 2 3 1 2 IV 2 2 2 2 V 33 33 33 33 VII 5,632 -4-,571 1,061 265 247 18 IX 16 16 16 16 87 1061 4198-B B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSlFlCAlION BY SEX OF pEllSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total__..,_____ Workers ,---- ~ Division/Group/Family Total Urban --. r--- Category I Persons Males Females Persons Males Fanales 2 3 4 5 6 7

Group 34- MONEY-LENDERS AND PAWN-BROKERS Total 18 18 8 8 VII 18 18 8 8

·Division 4 FARMERS, FISHJUU(EN, HUNTERS, LOGGERS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 33,168 27,990 5,178 2,972 2,903 69 III 32,091 27,036 5,0'55 2,734 2,683 51 IV 271 180 91 14- 12 2 V 574 555 19 30 27 3 VI 3 3 VII 95 87 8 95 87 8 VIII 4 4 3 3 IX 130 125 5 96 91 5

Group 40 FARMERS AND PARM MANAGERS Total 1,820 1,530 290 20 20 III 1,724 1,474 250 12 12 IV 88 48 40 3 3 IX 8 8 5 5

Familv 403 PLANTERS AND PLANTATION MANAGERS Total 612 604 8 14 14- III 609 601 8 11 11 IX 3 3 3 3

Family 4()9 FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS., N. E. C. Total 968 761 207 III 963 757 206 IV 5 4 1

Group 41 FARM WORKERS Total 20,039 15,368 4,671 803 788 15 III 19,275 14,619 4,656 621 617 4- IV 46 42 4 8 8 V 537 537 23 23 VII 78 72 6 78 72 6 VIII 4 4 3 3 IX 99 94- 5 70 65 5

Family 411 FARM WORKERS, ANIMALS, BIRDS AND INSEOTS 1lEA1UNG Total 603 590 13 78 73 5 III 540 531 9 50 46 4 IV 27 24 3 8 8 VII 2 2 2 2 IX 34- 33 18 17

Family 413 TAPPERS (PALK, RtlBBER TREES, ETC.) Total 5,719 5,101 618 166 166 III 5,119 4,501 618 81 81 IV 7 7 V 529 529 21 21 VII 64- ,64- 64- 64

Family 415 PLANTATION LABOUllERS Total 7,!191 4,108 3,883 489 489 III 7,980 4,097 3,883 478 478 IX 11 11 11 11 88 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSD'lCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers ~ Division/Group/Family Total Urban Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4- 5 6 7

Fanilly 419 FARM WORKERS, N. E. c. Total 5,652 5,495 157 23 13 10 III 5,608 5,462 146 2 2 IV 12 11 1 VII 12 6 6 12 6 6 IX 20 16 4 9 5 4-

Group 42 HUNTERS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 2 2 III 2 2

Group 43 FISHERMEN AND RELATED WORKERS Total 10,215 10,075 140 2,114 2,060 54 III 10,040 9,968 72 2,096 2,049 47 IV 134 87 47 2 2 V 28 9 19 3 3 VII II 9 2 11 9 2 IX 2 2 2 2

Family 430 FISHERMEN, DEEP SEA Total 3,496 3,496 396 396 III 3,489 3,489 392 392 IV 3 3 VII 3 3 3 3 IX 1 1 1 1

Fanilly 431 FISHERMEN, INLAND AND COASTAL WATERS Total 6,557 6,533 24- 1,669 1,664- 5 III 6,469 6,450 19 1,660 1,657 3 IV 79 76 3 VII 8 6 2 8 6 2 IX 1 1 1 1

Group 44 LoGGERS AND OTHER FORESTRY WORKERS Total 1,092 1,015 77 34 34 III 1,050 973 77 4 4- IV 3 3 1 I V 9 9 4 4- VI 3 3 VII 6 6 6 6 IX 21 21 19 19

Family 442 LOG FELLERS AND WOOD CUTTERS Total 713 709 4- 27 27 HI 681 677 4 4 4- IV 1 1 1 1 V 8 8 4 4 VI 3 3 VII 6 6 6 6 IX 14 14- ]2 12

-Division 5 MINERS, 9_UARRYMEN AND RELATED WORKERS Total 2,n6 2,627 89 35 27 S. III 2,688 2,607 81 13 13 IV 3 3 V 20 12 8 20 12 S. VI 3 3 1 1 IX 2 2 1 1

89 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSMCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVAnON-contd~

Total Workers

Division/Group/Family Total Urban Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Group 50 MINERS AND QUARRYMEN Total 2,713 2,624 89 34 26 8 III 2,687 2,606 81 13 13 IV 3 3 V 20 12 8 20 12 8 VI 3 3 I I

Faron, '>01 QUARRYMlIN Total 1,566 1,477 89 33 25 8 III 1,540 1,459 81 12 12 IV 3 3 V 20 12 8 20 12 8 VI 3 3 I 1

Family 509 MINERS AND QUARRYMEN, N. E. C. Total 1,131 1,131 III 1,131 1,131

'Group 51 WELL DRlLLERS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 2 2 IX 2 2

Group 59 MINERS, QUARRYMEN AND RELATED WORKERS, N. E. c. Total 1 1 III 1 1

"Division 6 WORKERS 1N TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION OOCtlPATIONS Total 9,388 9,319 69 1,643 1,634 9 III 340 340 2 2 V 102 102 70 70 VI 19 19 1 1 VII 20 20 16 16 VIII 8,728 8,659 69 1,490 1,481 9 IX 179 179 64 64

'Gro"blp 60 DECK OFl'IOEJts, ENGINEER OFl'IOEJts MD PILOTS, SHIP Total 89 89 45 45 VIn 87 87 45 45 IX 2 2

Group 61 DECK AND ENGINE-ROOM RATINGS (SHll», BARGE CREWS AND BOATMEN Total 3,193 3,193 305 305 III 94 94 V 36 36 12 12 VI 14 14 1 1 VII 5 5 2 2 VIII 3,039 3,039 288 288 IX ') 5 2 2

Family 610 DECK RA"ImGS (SHIP), BARGE CREWS AND BOATMEN Total 3,142 3,142 274 274- III 94 94 V 36 36 12 12 VI 14 14- 1 1 VII 5 5 2 2 VIII !,988 2,988 257 257 IX 5 5 2 2

90 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers Division/GroupJFamily Total Urban Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 , Group 62 AIRCRAFT PILOTII, NAVIGATORS AND FllGHT ENGINBERS Total 3 3 VIII 1 1 IX 2 2

Group 63 DluvERS AND FIREMEN, RAILWAY ENGINE Total 167 167 142 142 VIII 167 167 142 142

Group 64 DluvERS, ROAD TRANSPORT Total 3,686 3,686 767 767 III 246 246 2 2 V 62 62 55 55 VI 5 5 VII 13 13 12 12 VIII 3,247 3,247 652 652 IX 113 113 46 46

Family 641 MOTOR. VEHICLE AND MOTOR CYCLE DRIVEllS Total 1,960 1,960 512 512 III 19 19 1 \ V 62 62 55 55 VI 5 5 VII 12 12 12 12 VIII 1,757 1,757 403 4G3 IX 105 105 41 41

Family 642 CYCLE RICKSHAW DRlVBRS AND aICKSHAW ~ Total 191 191 152 152 VIII 190 190 151 151 IX 1 1 I 1

Family 643 ANIMAL DRAWN v:amCLE DlUVBRII Total 1,249 1,249 97 97 III 2 2 VII 1 1 VIII 1,242 1,242 92 92 IX 4 4 4 4

Family 649 DluvERS, R.OAD TRANSPORT, N. E. C. (INCLUDING PALKI AND DOll BEARERS) Total 279 279 6 6 III 225 225 VIII 51 51 6 6 IX 3 3

Group 65 CoNDUCTORS, GUARDS AND BRAKESMEN (RAILWAY) Total 74 74 47 47 VIII 74 74 47 47 -

66 INSPECTORS, SUPIi!1lVISORS, TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS AND DESPATCHERS, TRANSPORT Total 248 248 72 72 VIII 248 248 72 11

FAIIlLY 660 lNIPECTORS, IIUPBJlVISORS AND rrATIO MA&'IDI Total 154 154 41 I VIII 1'}4 154 41 41

91 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK. OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers -~ Division/Group/Family Total Urban ~ Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Group 67 TELEPHONE, TELEGRAPH AND RELATED TELECOMMUNICATION OPERATORS Total 158 148 10 64- 59 5 V 4 4 3 3 VIII 105 95 10 49 44 5 IX 49 49 12 12

Group 68 POSTMEN AND MESSENGERS Total 536 536 53 53 VII 2 2 2 2 VIII 533 533 51 51 IX 1 I ,. Family 680 POSTMEN Total 433 433 41 41 VIII 433 433 41 41

Family 681 MESSENGERS (INCLUDING DAK PEONS) Total 103 103 12 12 VII 2 2 2 2 VIn 100 100 10 10 IX 1 1

Group 69 WORKERS IN TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION OCCUPATIONS, N. E. c. Total 1,234 1,175 59 147 143 4- VIn 1,227 1,168 59 144 140 .. IX 7 7 3 3

Family 690 TICKET SELLERS, TICKET INSPECTORS INCLUDING USHERS AND TICKET COLLECTORS ON MOVING '1'IlANIIPORT Total 174 174 22 22 VIII 174 174 22 22 Family 691 CoNDUCTOllS, ROAD TRANSPORT Total 531 531 4Q 4Q VIn 531 531 4Q 4Q

Family 692 WORKERS IN TR.ANllPORT OCCUPATIONS, N. E. c. Total 221 221 29 29 VIII 221 221 29 29 Family 693 INSPECTORS, TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS AND DESPATOHERS, COMMUNICA'l10N Total 265 207 58 30 27 3 VIII 258 200 58 27 24 3 IX 7 7 3 3 ·Division 7-8 CRAFTSMEN, PRODUCTION PROCESS WORKERS, AND LABOURERS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED " Total 199,856 95,271 104,585 20,203 12,170 8,033 III 1,785 1,782 3 88 87 I IV 55,167 16,311 38,856 1,781 570 1,211 V 102,047 , 41,386 60,661 12,851 6,243 6,608 VI 4,712 4,645 67 509 503 6' VII 920 900 20 525 513 12 VIn 3,927 3,828 99 1,024 1,019 5 IX 31,298 26,419 4,879 3,425 3,235 190

92 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers

DivisionJGroup/Family Total Urban --" ~ Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Group 70 SPINNERS, WEAVERS, KNITTERS, DYERS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 43,772 9,451 34,321 1,697 410 1,287 IV 38,751 7,903 30,848 1,103 148 955 V 5,016 1,543 3,473 593 261 332 VII I 1 J I IX 4 4

Family 700 FIBRE PREPl\RERS, GINNERS, CLEA~ERS, SCOURERS, ETC. Total 9,786 1,060 8,726 443 22 421 IV 8,472 869 7,603 3Jff II 307 V 1,314 191 1,123 125 11 114

Family 702 SPINNERS, pmCElUl AND WINDERS T' 28,941 4,718 24,223 923 190 733 IV 26,269 4,125 22,144 695 95 600 V 2,670 591 2,079 227 94 133 VII 1 1 1 1 IX 1 1

Family 704 DRAWERI ANI) WEAVERS Total 4,122 3,380 742 186 124 64 IV 3,409 2,788 621 41 36 5 V 710 589 121 147 88 59 IX 3 3

Group 71 TAILORS, CUTTERS, FURRIERS ANn RELATED WORKERS Total 4,297 3,766 531 591 506 85 IV 559 360 199 69 32 37 V 3,712 3,380 332 498 450 48 VII 21 21 21 21 IX 5 5 3 3

Family 710 TAILORS, DRE!II MAKERS AND GARMENT MAKERS Total 3,920 3,527 393 527 444 83 IV 455 346 109 67 30 37 V 3,446 3,162 284 443 397 46 VII 15 15 15 15 IX 4 4 2 2

Group 72 LBATlU!.R CUTTl!RS, LASTERS AND SEWERS (EXCEPT GLOVES AND GARMENTS) AND RELATED WORURS Tptal 201 199 2 82 80 2 IV 34 34- 4- 4- V 165 163 2 76 74 2 VII 2 2 2 2

Group 73 FURNACEMEN, ROLLERS, DRAWERS, MOULDERS, AND RELATED METAL MAKING AND TREATING WOlUU!RS Total 3,684 3,552 132 354 351 3 III II II IV 1,790 1,675 115 68 67 I V 1,850 1,833 17 262 260 2 VI 4 4 1 1 VII 2 2 2 2 VIII 6 6 3 3 IX 21 21 18 18

93 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF ?ERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers

Division/Group/Family Total Urban

Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Family 733 BLACKSMITHS, HAMMERSMITH AND FORGEMEN Total 3,479 3,349 13O 251 249 2 III 11 11 IV 1,754 1,639 ll5 66 65 1 V 1,690 1,675 15 169 168 1 VI 3 3 1 1 VII 2 2 2 2 VIII 6 6 3 3 IX 13 13 10 10

Group 74 PRECISION INSTRUMENT MAKERS, WATCH MAKERS, JEWELLERS AND RELATED WOltKBRS Total 2,076 2,064 12 337 333 4- IV 606 601 5 34 34 V 1,445 1,440 5 278 276 2 VII 23 23 23 23 IX 2 2 2 2

Family 741 JEWELLERS, GOLDSMITHS AND SILVERSMITHS Total 1,947 1,942 5 271 271 IV 595 590 5 32 32 V 1,331 1,331 218 218 VII 21 21 21 21

Group 75 TOOL MAKERS, MACHINISTS, PLUMBERS, WELDERS, PLATERS AND REUTED WOltKBaS Total 2,888 2,877 II 1,067 1,061 & III 125 125 1 I IV 141 136 5 29 27 2 V 2,109 2,104 5 691 688 ~ VI 13 13 4 4 VII 18 18 17 17 VIII 231 231 166 166 IX 251 250 159 158

Family 753 MECHANICS-REPAIRMEN (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL AND PRECISION INSTRUMElST REPAlltJolEN) Total 1,264 1,262 2 471 469 2 III 23 23 1 1 IV 42 41 5 4 -1 V 958 958 269 269 VI 4 4 1 I VII 7 7 7 7 VIn 128 128 115 115 IX 102 101 73 72

Group 76 ELECTRICIANS AND RELATED ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS WOltltEltS Total 998 998 267 267 III 30 30 IV 3 3 2 2 V 231 231 77 77 VI 44 44 33 33 VII 14 14 8 8 VIn 68 68 30 30 IX 608 608 117 117

Group 77 CARPENTERS, JOINERS, CABINET MAKERS, COOPERS AND RELATED WORJrnRS Total 10,501 10,496 5 1,270 1,267 3" III 23 23 1 1 IV 502 499 3 13 11 2 V 8,752 8,750 2 1,095 1,094- I VI 1,137 1,137 89 89 VII 38 38 38 38 VIII 14 14 7 7 IX 35 35 27 27 94 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSmCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers Divmon/Group/Family Total Urban '"" Category ~ Persons Males Females Persons Males Females '"" 2 3 4 5 6 7

Family 770 CARPENTERS, JOINERS, PATTERN MAKERS (WOOD) Total 7,005 7,002 3 673 672 III 10 10 I 1 IV 447 445 2 10 9 V 5,388 5,387 I 540 540 VI 1,116 1,116 89 89 VII 4 4 4 4 VIII 11 II 5 5 IX 29 29 24 24

Family 772 SAWYERS AND WOOD WORKING MACHINISTS Total 3,200 3,200 564 564 III 13 13 IV 29 29 1 1 V 3,102 3,102 528 ,528 VI 21 21 VII 32 32 32 32 VIII 1 1 1 1 IX 2 2 2 2

Group 78 PAINTERS AND PAPER HANGERS Total 365 359 6 187 184 5 III 5 5 1 1 IV 2 2 1 1 V 98 92 6 37 34 3 VI 98 98 70 70 VII 1 I 1 1 VIII 7 7 4 4 IX 154 154 73 73

Group 79 BRICK-LAYERS, PLASTERERS AND CONSTRUCTION WORURS, N. E. C. Total 4,695 '1-,646 49 308 306 2 III 24 24 17 17 IV 18 18 1 1 V 1,813 1,770 43 105 103 2 VI 2,827 2,821 6 174 174 VIII 3 3 3 3 IX 10 10 8 8

Family 790 SToNE CUTTERS, STONE CARVERS AND STONE DRESSERS Total 2,522 2,478 44 207 207 III 19 19 17 17 IV 18 18 1 1 V. 1,804 1,763 41 99 99 VI 676 673 3 85 85 IX 5 5 5 5 , Family 791 BRICK-LAYERS, PLASTERERS, IIABONB Tot,al 1,546 1,546 70 70 III I 1 V 2 2 2 2 VI 1,542 1,542 67 67 ,VIII I 1 I 1 Group 80 CoMPOSITORS, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS, BOOK-BINDERS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 618 614 4 158 156 2 IV 13 13 7 7 V 603 599 4 150 148 2 VII I I I I IX I I 95 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers --"' Division/Group/Family Total Urban ...... , Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Group 81 POTTERS, KlLNMEN, GLASS AND CLAY FORMERS AND RELATED WOlUCERS Total 3,107 2,592 515 354 350 4 IV 1,125 635 490 3 3 V 1,978 1,953 25 347 343 4 IX 4 4 4 4

Family 811 POTTERS AND RELATED CLAY FORMERS Total 2,039 1,549 490 254 253 IV 1,048 570 478 1 1 V 988 976 12 250 249 IX 3 3 3 3

Group 82 MILLERS, BAKERS, BREW-MASTERS AND RELATED FOOD AND BEVERAGE WORKERS Total 60,201 9,368 50,833 5,580 874 4,706 III 22 22 13 13 IV 2,698 1,787 911 210 108 102 V 57,454 7,540 49,914 5,330 734 4,596 VII 17 16 1 17 16 1 IX 10 3 7 10 3 7

Family 820 MlLLIl.RS, POUNDERS, HUSKERS AND PARCHERS, GRAINS AND RELATED FOOD WOJitURs Total 32,662 4,011 28,651 5,294 600 4,694 III 1 1 1 I IV 1,134 898 236 170 76 94 V 31,517 3,109 28,408 5,11'3 520 4,593 VII 3 2 1 3 2 1 IX 7 1 6 7 1 6

Family 826 FOOD CANNERS, PRESERVERS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 24,676 3,248 21,428 IV 64 44 20 V 24,612 3,204 21,408

Family 829 MILLERS, BAKERS, BREWMASTERS AND RELATED FOOD AND BEVERAGE WORKERS, N. E. c. Total 1,328 832 496 16 12 4 III 8 8 IV 854 394 460 .6 4 2 V 465 429 36 9 7 2 VII 1 1 1 i

Group 83 CHEMICAL AND RELATED PROCESS WORKERS Total 803 695 108 62 51 11 IV 164 107 57 25 17 8 V 635 584 51 33 30 3 VII 1 1 1 1 IX 3 3 3 3

Group 84- TABACCO PREPARERS AND PRODUCTS MAKERS Total 5,844 5,837 7 635 632 3 IV 959 957 2 14 14 V 4,638 4,633 5 461 458 3 VII 246 246 159 159 IX 1 1 1 1

96 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers ,------Division/Group/ Family Total Urban ,-- r- Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Family 842 CHEROOT, CIGAR AND BIDI MAKERS Total 5,843 5,836 7 634 631 -8 IV 959 957 2 14 14 V 4,637 4,632 5 460 457 3 VII 246 246 159 159 IX 1 I 1 1

Group 85 CRAFTSMEN AND PRODUCTION PROCESS WORKERS, N. E. c. Total 9,576 2,382 7,194 449 156 29a III 1 1 1 1 IV 7,586 1,458 6,128 41 26 15 V 1,974 909 1,065 396 119 277 VII 4 4- 4- 4- VIII 1 1 IX 10 9 7 6 1

Family 850 BASKETRY WEAVERS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 8,431 1,705 6,726 64 18 46 IV 7,504 1,404 6,100 10 4 6 V 926 300 626 54 14 40 IX I I

Group 86 TESTERS, PACKERS, SORTERS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 6,193 869 5,324 1,508 218 1,290 III 170 170 IV 52 24 28 34 10 24 V 5,911 624 5,287 1,432 175 1,257 VII 29 20 9 25 16 9 VIII 18 18 10 10 IX 13 13 7 7

Family 860 CHECKERS, TESTERS, SORTERS, WEIGHERS AND COUNTERS Total 5,381 30D 5,081 1,226 89 1,131 III 9 9 IV 18 11 7 3 3 V 5,323 257 5,066 1,203 77 1,126 VII 19 11 8 15 7 8 VIII 3 3 1 1 IX 9 9 4 4

Group ,87 STATIONAllY ENGINE AND EXCAVATING AND LIFTING EQ.UlPMI!!IT OPERATORS ANt> RELATED WORKERS Total 747 743 4 237 23Ci III 28 28 1 1 IV 3 3 1 1 V 483 479 4 125 124 VI 29 29 4 4 VII 1 1 1 1 VIII 95 95 89 89 IX 108 108 16 16

Group 89 LABOURERS, N. E. c. Total 39,290 33,763 5,527 5,060 4,732 3t8 III 1,346 1,343 3 53 52 1 IV 161 96 65 122 57 65 V 3,180 2,759 421 865 795 70 VI 560 499 61 134 128 6 VU 501 491 10 20{ 202 2 VIII 3,48+ 3,38.5 99 712 707 5 IX 30,058 25,190 4,866 2_Q70 2,791 179 97 106~U98-B B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers - ,..------______j._-~ - -- - _------.., DiVISion/Group/Family Total Urban ______- ----.A.__ _ ,------"------"'\ r------Category Persons Male'\ Females Persons Male, Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Family 890 LOADERS AND UN LOADERS Total 1,218 1,206 12 166 163 3 III 428 428 3 3 V 148 140 8 37 34 3 VII 66 66 42 42 VIn 565 561 4 73 73 IX 11 11 11 11

Family 899 LABOURERs, N. E. c. Total 38,072 32,557 3,515 4,894 4,569 325 III 918 915 3 50 49 I IV 161 96 65 122 57 65 V 3,032 2,619 413 828 761 67 VI 560 499 61 134 128 6 VII 435 425 10 162 160 2 VIII 2,919 2,824 95 639 634 5 IX 30,047 25,179 4,868 2,959 2,780 179

·Division 9 SERVICE, SPORT AND RECREATION WORKERS Total 26,120 16,960 9,160 5,500 3,566 1,934 III 631 596 35 6 5 I V 982 799 183 281 241 40 VI 59 53 6 6 5 1 VII 152 136 16 90 78 12 VIII 232 218 14- 100 94 6 IX 24,064 15,158 8,906 5,017 3,143 1,874

Group 90 FIRE PIGHTERS, POLICEMEN, GUARDS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 3,087 3,063 24 777 771 6 III 538 '>38 3 3 V 738 717 21 216 211 5 VI 43 43 5 5 VII 46 46 25 25 VIII 1I2 1I2 42 42 IX 1,610 1,607 3 486 485

Family 901 POUCE CONSTABLES, INVESTIGATORS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 1,064 1,061 3 343 342 VIII 9 9 7 7 IX 1,055 1,052 3 336 335

Family 903 WATCHMEN AND CHOWKlDARS Total 1,732 1,711 21 386 381 5 III 491 491 3 3 V 735 714 21 213 208 5 VI 43 43 5 5 VII 46 46 25 25 VIII 94 94 29 29 IX 323 323 III 111

\yroup 91- HOUSEXBEP.!!R3, COOKS, MAIDS AND RELATED WOllKERS Total 14,025 7,377 6,648 2,921 1,471 1,450 III 18 12 6 2 I 1 V 129 8 121 26 5 21 VII 72 66 6 39 34 5 VIII 55 54 1 25 25 IX 13,751 7,237 6,514 2,829 1,406 1,423 98 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSmCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers

Division/Group/Family Total Urban

Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females""" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Family 911 COOKS, COOK-BEARERS (DOMESTIC AND INSTITUTIONAL) Total 5,529 3,761 1,768 1,132 703 429 III 12 12 1 1 V 7 6 1 5 4 1 VII 72 66 6 39 34 5 VIII 39 39 24 24 IX 5,399 3,638 1,761 1,063 640 423

Family 912 BUTLERS, BEARERS, WA~TERS, MAIDS AND OTHER SERVANTS (DOMESTIC) Total 8,248 3,572 4,676 1,725 757 968 IX 8,248 3,572 4,676 1,725 757 968

Group ~2 W AI'IlIoRS, BARTENDBRS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 435 420 15 430 415 15 III 1 1 1 1 V 9 8 5 4 VII 14 14 14 14 IX 411 397 14 410 396 14

Family 920 WAITERS, BARTENDERS AND RELATED WORKERS (INSTITUTIONAL) Total 435 420 15 430 415 15 III 1 1 1 1 V 9 8 5 4 VII 14 14 14 14 IX 411 397 14 410 396 14

Group 93 BUILDING GARB-TAKERS, CLEANERS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 1,304 759 545 471 237 234 III 74 45 29 V 105 65 40 33 20 13 VI 16 10 6 1 1 VII 18 8 10 10 3 7 VIII 65 52 13 33 27 6 IX 1,026 579 447 394 187 207

Family 931 CLEANERS, SWEEPERS AND WATERMEN Total 1,298 753 545 471 237 234 III 74 45 29 V 104 64 40 33 20 13 , VI 12 6 6 1 1 VII 18 8 10 10 3 7 VIII 65 52 13 33 27 6 IX 1,025 578 447 394 187 207

J Group 94 BARBERS, HAIR DRESSERS, BEAUTICIANS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 2,877 2,809 68 268 263 5- IX 2,877 2,809 68 268 263 5

Family 940 BARBERS, HAIR DRESSERS, BEAUTICIANS AND RELATED WORKERS Total 2,877 2,809 68 268 263 5 IX 2,877 2,809 68 268 263 5

Group 95 LAUNDRERS, DRY CLEANERS AND PRESSERS Total 4,248 2,393 1,855 571 350 221 IX 4,248 2,393 1,855 571 350 221

99 lO614198-B B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSDICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-eontd.

Total Workers ---, Division/Group/Family Total Urban

Category Persons Males Females Persons Males Females~

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

~amily 950 LAUNDRYMEN, WASHERMEN AND DHOBIES Total 4,241 2,386 1,855 564 343 221 IX 4,241 2,386 1,855 56-J. 343 221

:.troup 96 ATHLETES, SPORTSMEN AND RELATED WORKERS Total 8 5 3 8 5 3 IX 8 5 3 8 5 3

Group 97 PHOTOGRAPHERS AND RELATED CAMERA OPERATORS Total 113 113 40 40 IX 113 ll3 40 40

Group 99 SERVICE, SPORT AND RECREATION WORKERS, N. E. C. Total 23 21 2 14- 14- V 1 1 1 1 VII 2 2 2 2 IX 20 18 2 11 11

Division X WORKERS NOT CLASSIFIABLE BY OCCUPATION Total 748 735 13 all 305 6 III 6 5 1 3 a IV 4 3 1 2 2 V 89 83 6 79 76 3 VI 10 10 7 7 VII 64 63 64 63 VIII 29 29 28 28 IX 546 542 4- 128 126 2

Group X8 WORKERS REPORTING OCCUPATIONS UNIDENTIl'IAIlLE OR UNCLAlIIIFIAlILE Total 733 722 11 302 297 5 III 4 4- 2 2 IV 4- 3 1 2 2 V 86 81 5 77 75 2 VI 10 10 7 7 VII 64 63 64 63 VIII 28 28 .. 28 28 IX 53'7 533 4 122 120 2 Family X80 WORKERS REPORTING OCCUPATIONS UNIDENTIFIABLE OR UNCLASSIFlABLE Total 733 722 11 302 297 5 III 4- 4- 2 2 IV 4 3 I 2 2 V 86 81 5 77 75 2 VI 10 10 7 7 VII 64 63 64 63 VIII 28 28 28 28 IX 537 533 4- 122 120 2

Jroup X9 WORKERS NOT REPORTING OCCUPATION Total 15 13 2 9 8 1 III 2 1 1 1 1 V 3 2 1 2 1 1 VIII 1 1 IX 9 9 6 6

~mily X90 WORKERS NOT REPORTING OCCUPAT,lON Total 15 13 2 9 8 1 III 2 1 1 V 3 2 2 VIII 1 1 IX 9 9 6 6

100 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN ClULTIVATION~onld.

Division Total Workers Division Total Workers Category Persons Males Females Category Persons Males F~ 1 2 3 4- I 2 3 4-

PATIlANAl'\ITHITI'A TALUK-RURAL

Division 4 FARMERS, PlSHERMEN, HUNTERS, LOGGBRII AND AUDWWoaa Total 34,863 28,071 6,792 RELATED WORKERS Total 4,393 1,619 m 6,622 4,973 1,649 6,012 1,619 IV III 5,838 4,219 1,712 1,080 632 IV 6 6 V 4,114 3,987 127 V 165 165 VI 958 940 18 IX 3 3 VB 3,474 3,342 132 Division 5 MINERS, Q_UARRYMEN AND RELATED WORKERS vm 1,253 1,232 21 Total 146 137 9 IX 16,730 12,517 4,213 III 144 135 9 Division 0 PB.OFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND RELATED VI 2 2 WORKERS Division 6 WORKERS IN TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION Total 4,812 3,295 1,517 OCCUPATIONS III 49 47 2 Total 951 938 13 IV 24 19 5 V 11 11 III 7 7 VI 82 80 2 VI 7 7 VIII 1 1 VIII 898 885 13 IX 4,645 3,137 1,508 IX 39 39

Divisioll AmollNISTRATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND MANAGERIAL Division 7-8 CRAvrsMEN, PRODUCTION PROCESS WORKERS AMD WORKERS LABOURERS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED Total 2,024 1,904 120 Total 12,451 10,567 1,884 III 38 37 1 III 57 56 l' IV 3 3 IV 1,679 1,052 627 V 54 53 V 3,825 3,701 124 VI 59 59 VI 752 741 11 VII 208 205 3 VII 11 10 1 VIII 13 13 VIII 254 251 3 IX 1,649 1,534 115 IX 5,873 4,756 1,117

Division 2 CLERICAL AND RELATED WORKERS Division 9 SERVICE, SPORT AND RECREATION WORKERS Total 1,430 l,363 67 Total 3,867 2,433 1,434 III 222 219 3 III 263 250 13 V 40 39 1 V 16 15 1 VI 40 37 3 VI 15 13 2 VII 139 139 VII 7 7 VIII 82 78 4 VIII 5 4 1 IX 907 851 56 IX 3,561 2,144 1,417

Division 3 SA.LF$ WORKERS Division X WORKERS NOT CLASSIFIABLE BY OCCUPATION Total 3,113 2,985 128 Total 57 56 III I 1 III 3 2 V 3 3 VI I 1 VII 3,109 2,981 128 IX 53 53

KUNNATHUR TALUK-RURAL

Division 0 PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND R1'.LATED AIlDiWdoa. Total 24,950 16,199 8,751 WORKERS m 2,539 2,182 357 Total 2,529 1,854 675 IV 2,363 1,104 1,259 III 6 6 V 8,320 3,374 4,946 IV 14 9 5 V 7 5 2 VI 497 493 4 VI 33 33 VB 2,749 2,562 187 VIII 2 2 vm 777 767 10 IX 2,467 1,799 66i IX 7,705 5,717 1,988

101 10614198-B II-V OCCUPATIONAL qJ.A.SSlFlCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WOBK O'J'llEll TUAN CULTIVATION--conki.

Division Total Workers Division Total Workers ~ ----Category Persons Males Females Category Persons Males Females 2 3 4 2 3 4

Division ADMINISTRATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND MANAGERIAL Division 5 MiNERs, Q.UARRYMEN AND RELATED WORKERS WORKERS Total 102 101 1 Total 1,206 1,139 67 III 102 101 III 9 9 IV 3 3 Division 6 WORKERS IN TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION V 27 27 OCCUPATIONS VI 11 11 Total 619 611 8 VII 100 98 2 VIII 2 2 V 14 14 IX 1,054 989 65 VI 3 3 VIII 590 582 8 IX 12 12 Dviuon 2 CLERICAL AND RELATED WORKERS Division 7-8 CRAPTSMEN, PRODUCTION PROCESS WORKERS Total 621 595 26 AND LABOURERS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED III 41 41 Total 12,328 5,863 6,465 V 23 22 VI 26 26 III 10 10 VII 60 60 IV 2,305 1,054 1,251 VIII 12 12 V 8,078 3,140 4,938 VI 413 409 4 IX 459 434 25 VII 30 30 VIII 169 167 2 IX 1,323 1,053 270 Division 3 SALES WORKERS Total 2,558 2,373 185 Division 9 SERVICE, SPORT AND RECREATION WORKERS IV 1 I Total 2,500 1,534 966 V 4 4 III 80 79 1 VII 2,553 2,368 185 V 27 22 5 VI 8 8 4' VII 6 6 Division FARMERS, FISHERMEN, HUNTERS, LOGGERS AND VIII 2 RELATED WORKERS 2 IX 2,377 1,417 960 Total 2,473 2,115 358 Division X WORKERS NOT III 2,291 1,936 355 CLASSIFIABLE BY OCCuPATION IV 40 37 3 Total 14 14 V 139 139 V 1 I VI 3 3 IX 13 13

KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL

All Divisloas Total 66,804 39,257 27,547 Division ADMINISTRATlVE'. EXECUTIVE AND MANAGERIAL m 10,006 9,868 138 WORKERS IV 24,498 4,241 20,257 Total 2,459 2,395 64 , V 8,333 4,030 4,303 III 25 25 VI 605 602 3 IV 5 5 V 75 72 3 vn 4,905 4,579 326 VI 30 30 vm 3,176 3,163 13 VII 389 387 2 IX 15,281 12,774 2,507 VIII 25 25 IX 1,910 1,851 59 Division 0 PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND RELATED WORKERS Division 2 CLJUUCIAIo AND RELATE!) WORKlmS Total 2,823 2,104 719 Total 997 945 52 III 36 27 9' III 218 212 6 IV 13 11 2 V 62 54 8 V 10 9 1 VI 34 33 1 VI 37 36 1 VII 85 85 VIII 2 2 VIII 41 38 -3 IX 2,725 2,019 706 IX 557 523 34 102 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSmCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Division Total Workers DIvision Total Workers ,- ,-__---A- __.... Category Persons Males Females Category Persons Males }<'emales

2 3 4- 2 3 4

Division 3 SALES WORKERS Division 7-8 CRAFTSMEN PRODUCTION PROCESS WORKERS AND Total 4,394 4,071 323 LABOURERS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED VII 4,390 4,067 323 Total 41,566 16,623 24,943 VIII 2 2 III 1,521 1,521 IX 2 2 IV 24,376 4.195 20,181 V 7,952 3,680 4,272 Division 4 FARMERS, FISHERMEN, HUNTERS, LOGGERS AND VI 488 488 RELATED WORKERS VII 14 14 Total '6,756 6,551 205 VIII 472 471 1 IX 6,743 6,,61, 489 III 6,457 6,342 115 IV 104 30 74 V 189 173 16 Division 9 SERVICE, SPORT AND RECREATION WORKERS IX 6 6 Total 3,348 2,115 1,233 III 85 77 5 MllfERS, QUARRYMEN AND RELATED WORKERS a Division V 32 29 3 To~l 1,346 1,346 VI 8 7 I III 1,346 1,346 VII 23 22 I VIII 42 41 J Division 6 WORKERS IN TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATlON IX 3,158 1,939 1,219 OCCUPATIONS Total 2,956 2,948 8 Division X WORKERS NOT CLASSIFIABLE BY OCCUPATION III 318 318 Total 159 159 V 12 12 VI 8 8 V 1 1 VII 4 4 IX 158 158 VIII 2,592 2,584 8 IX 22 22

QUILON TALUK-RURAL

All Divisions Total 100,314 55,118 45,196 Division 2 CLERICAL AND RELATED WORKERS Total 2,042 III 7,019 6,904 115 1,931 111 IV 20,776 6,637 14,139 III 43 40 3 IV 4 4 V 43,139 16,329 26,810 V 418 41'-' 5 VI 1,419 1,408 11 VI 73 68 5 VII 7,012 6,330 682 VII 251 250 1 VIII 2,967 2,937 30 VIII 105 99 6 IX 1,148 1,057 9) IX 17,982 14,573 3,409

Division PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND RELATED Division 3 SALI!.S WORKERS ° WO~KERS Total 6,371 5,699 672 Total' 4,426 3,096 1,330 VII 6,371 5,6'J9 672 III 11 11 IV 6 5 1 V 24 21 3 Division 4 FARMERS, FISHERMEN, HUNTERS, LOGGERS AND VI 97 96 1 RELATED WORKERS VII 2 1 1 Total 6,085 IX 4,286 2,962 1,324 6,037 48 HI 5,988 5,945 43 90 ADMINISTRATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND MANAGERIAL IV 85 5 Division IX 7 7 WORKERS Total 3,174 3,067 107 III 18 18 Division 5 MINERS, QUARRYMEN AND RELATED WORKERS IV 32 20 12 Total 860 792 6a V 780 758 22 VI 54 54 III 856 788 68 1 IV 3 3 VII 120 119 1 VIII 22 21 1 IX 1 IX 2,148 2,077 71 103 10614198-B B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-contd.

Total Workers Division Total Workers Division Jo..______.... ----- ,- --. ----- Category Persom Males Females Category Persons Males Femalei'> ,> 3 4 2 3 ·1

Division 6 WORKERS IN TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION Division 9 SERVICE, SPORT AND RECREATION WORKERS OCCUPATIONS Total 4,586 3,061 \,5~f> Total 1,78% 1,773 9 III 11 10 1 III 8 8 V 374 290 84 ViII 1,769 1,760 9 VI 6 6 IX 5 5 VII 10 10 VIII 40 38 2 Division 7..0 CRAFTStnN, PRODUCTION PROCESS WORKERS AND IX 4,145 2,707 1,438 LABOURERS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED Total 70,864 29,544 41,320 Division X WORKERS NOT CLASSIFIABLE BY OCCUPATION III 84 84 IV 20,639 6,519 14,120 Total 124 118 6 V 41,535 14,842 26,693 IV 2 1 I VI 1,188 1,183 5 V 8 5 3 VII 258 251 7 VI 1 1 VIII 1,031 1,019 12 IX 113 111 2 JX 6,129 5,646 483

KOTTARAKKARA TALUK--RURAL

Division 3 SALES WORKERS 42,714 23,306 19,408 AU Dmsions Total Total 2,823 2,743 80 m 1,544 1,392 152 V 4 4 IV 2,670 1,870 800 VII 2,817 2,737 80 IX 2 2 V 20,584 5,833 14,751 VI 836 826 10 Division 4 FARMERS, FISHERME.N, HUNTERS, LOGGERS AND W 3,074 2,994 80 RELATED WORKERS WI 1,122 1,073 49 Total 1,448 1,293 155 IX 12,884 9,318 3,566 III 1,388 1,236 152 IV 8 5 3 37 37 0 PROFESSIONAl., TECHNICAL AND RELATED V Division Vln 1 1 WORKERS IX 14 14 Total 3,766 2,797 969 III 2 2 Division 5 MINERS, Q,UARRYMEN AND RElATED WORKER~ V 19 19 VI 24 23 Total 113 113 VIII 2 2 III 113 113 IX 3,719 2,751 908 Division 6 WORKeRS IN TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION Division ADMINISTRATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS WORKERS Total 719 706 13 Total 1,588 1,497 91 III 1 1 III 4 4 V 1 1 V 52 52 VIII 696 683 13 VI 58 58 IX 21 21 VII 146 146 VIU 10 10 IX 1,318 1,227 91 Division 7·8 CRAFTSMEN, PRODUcTION PROCESS WORKERS AND LABOURERS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED Division 2 CLERICAL .'l.ND RELATED WORKERS Total 28,220 11,279 16,941 Total 952 896 56 III 3 3 III 19 19 IV 2,662 1,865 797 V 127 125 2 V 20,230 5,510 14,720 VI 48 45 3 VI 694- 690 4 VII 61 61 VII 49 49 VIII 44 39 5 VIII 354- 323 31 IX 653 607 46 IX 4,228 2,839 1,389

104 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-concld.

Total Workers Divi'lOll fatal Workers DiVISlOl1 ,. ______.A. ______---.. r J>.__ ___---, -----_ Category Pel <;ons :Male~ Females ClltegOl) Persons Male, Females :2 3 -± 2 :) 4

Uivision 9 SERVICE, SPORT AND RECREATI9N WORKERS Dn i

PATH.-li'l"APURA1\1 TALUK-RURAL

Division 4 FAR1I!ERS, FISHER~rJ-,:-', HUNTERS, LOGGERS ANP RELATED WORKERS AU Divisions Total 32,831 23,209 9,622 Total 7,422 4,69G . ·2,724 2,741 HI 7,871 5,130 III 7,395 4,675 2,720 IV 1,758 1,085 673 IY 9 5 1- V 14 14 V 8,051 4,707 3,344 IX 4 4 VI 768 729 39 Divi.,inl1 ~IINERS, QUARRYMEN AND REL.\TFD WORKERS: VU 2,658 2,516 142 Total 114 III 3 VIII 1,386 1,328 58 III IH- III 3 IX 10,339 7,714 2,625 Division 6 \VORKERS IN TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION Division 0 PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND RELATED OCCU-PATIONS WORKERS Total 718 709 Total 2.543 1,867 676 9 III 11 10 III 4 4 IV 16 16 V 5 5 V 32 32 VIII 693 684 '9 VI 36 36 IX 16 16 VIII 1 1 675 IX 2,<147 1,772 Division 7-8 CRAFTSMEN, PRODUCTION PROCESS WORKERS AND LABOT;RERS NOT ELSr"WHERE CLASSIFIED Division .\DMINISTRATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND MANAGERIAL WORKERS Total 14,224 9,22.5 4,999

Total 1,279 1,223 .56 III 22 21 1 IV 1,725 1,0.56 669 III 7 7 V 7,.576 4,270 3,306 IV 3 3 VI 668 631 37 V 61 61 VII 33 33 VI 29 29 VIII 623 578 45 VII 208 207 IX 3,577 2,636 941 VIII 7 7 IX 964 909 55 Division 9 SERVICE, SPORT AND RECRtATION WORKERS Division 2 CLERICAL A~ID RELATED- WORKERS Total 3,271 2,306 965 52 Total 900 848 III 172 161 11 III 146 141 5 V 138 117 21 V 217 200 17 VI 5 5 .. VI 30 28 2 VII 15 12 3 VII 106 106 VIII 29 25 4 VIII 28 28 IX 2,912 1,986 926 IX 373 345 28

Uivision 3 SALES WORKERS Division X WORKERS NOT CLASSIFIABLI; BY OCCUPATION Total 2,314 2,176 138 Total 46 46 IV 5 5 IX 46 46 V 8 8 VII 2,296 2,158 138 VIII 5 5

105 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSmCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION

APPENDIX Families having less than 1% of the workers of the lies of Division 7-8 only have been shown in this appen­ respective Divisions and less than O. S % in case of fami- dix. The following abbreviations have been used:-

III In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, VII In Trade and Commerce Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, Orchards and allied activities VIn In Transport, Storage and Communications IV At Household Industry IX In Other Services V In Manufacturing other than' Household M Males Industry F Females VI In Construction

QUILON DISTRICT

000 Total IX (Ml), Urban IX (Ml); 002 Total III VII (MI), IX (MlO, F8); 078 Total IX (M42, F5, (Ml), V (MI5), VI (Ml), VIII (Ml), IX (M14), Urban IX (MI3); 079 Total IX (MI6, F3), Urban IX Urban V (MIl), VIII (MI), IX (MIO); 003 Total V (M7, F3); 080 Total IX (M4); 081 Total V (M27, Fl), (M5), VIII (Ml), IX (M90), Urban V (M4), VIII IX (M59), Urban V (M21, FI), IX (MI3); 082 Total (Ml), IX (M20); 004 Total IX (MI); 005 Total V IX (MI); 083 Total IV (MI), V (M6), VI (MI), IX (Ml), Urban V (Ml); 006 Total III (M2); V (Ml), (MS3), Urban IV (MI), V (M6), IX (MIl); 084 Urban V (MI); 007 Total III (MI3), V (MI), VI Total IV (MI), V (M2), Urban IV (MI), V (MI); (MI3), IX (M65), Urban VI (MI), IX (MI); 009 085 Total IX (M32, F9), Urban IX (M2); 087 Total Total III (M7), V (MIS), VI (M109, FI), IX (M35), IX (M30, F2), Urban IX eM7); 089 Total IX (M39, Urban III (MI), V (MlO), VI (MI6), IX (MI7); F8), Urban IX (M5); 090 Total III (M6), V (MI6), 010 Total In (M4) , V (M7), IX (MI), Urban V (MI), VI (M22, FI), VIII (M2), IX (M35), Urban III IX (MI); 011 Total IV (MS), V (M8, FI), Urban V (MI), V (M5), VI (M4, FI), IX (M22); 091 Total (M7); 019 Total III (M2); 020Total III (M2); 021 III (M5), V (MI3), IX (MIO, F8), Urban V (MI), Total III (MI), IX (M41), Urban IX (M3); 023 Total IX (M5); 099 Total III (M2), V (M2), VI (M3, Fl), III (M7), IX (M8, F2), Urban III (MI), IX (M2); IX (M7), Urban V (Ml), VI (MI), IX (M2); OX3 029 Total III (M26), IX (M6, FI), Urban IX (MI); Total IX (M34, FI), Urban IX (M5); OX9 Total V 030 Total III (M3, FI), V (MI), VIII (MI), IX (M6), IX (M27, FS), Urban,IX (M8); 103 Total IX (MI40, F31), Urban V (MI), VIII (MI), IX (M31, (M4), Urban IX (M3); 109 Total IX (M2), Urban FI4); 032 Total IX (M169, FlO), Urban IX (M20, F2); IX (M2); 110 Total VII (MllI), Urban VII (MI7); 035 Total IX (M42, Fl), Urban IX (MI4); 041 Total 120 Total VII (M92, Fl), Urban VII (M28); 121 Total III (F3), V (FI), IX (F204), Urban IX (F39); 044 VII(MI5), Urban VII (M6); I~9 Total VII (M103,FI), Total IX (M7, FI), Urban IX (Ml, FI); 045 Total Urban VII (M9); 130 Total In (M67, FI), Urban III IX (MI3, FI), Urban IX (FI); 046 Total III (Ml), (M8); 132 Total IX (M50), \Irban IX (MIO); 134 V (M2), IX (M96, F2), Urban V (MI), IX (M26,Fl); Total VIII (MI31, FI), Urban VIII (M56); 139 Total 047 Total V (MI), VII (MI), Urban V (MI), VII III (M42), V (M28), VII (M9), VIII (M3), IX (M32, (MI); 049 Total IX (M70, FI7), Urban IX (M33,F3); F2), Urban III (MI), V (MI), VII (M8), IX (M4, 060 Total IX (M26, F4), Urban IX (MI2, F2); 069 F2); 202 Total VIII (MIO), IX (MIg), Urban VIII Total V (Ml), IX (M26), Urban V (MI), IX (M26); (M4), IX (M9); 210 Total III (M3, FI), V (MI2, F2). 070 Total IX (MI), Urban IX (MI); 071 Total III VI (Ml), VII (M2), VIII (MI), IX (M29, F5), (M7), V (MIl), VII (M5, F2), VIII (M3), IX (M29, Urban III (MI), V (M7, FI), VII (M2), VIII (MI), F3), Urban III (M2), V (M7), VII (M4, FI), VIII IX (MI9, F3); 220 Total V (MI), IX (FI), Urban IX (MI), IX (MI5); 072 Total III (Ml), IX (MI2), , (FI); 229 Total III (MI); 310 Total VII (M76, F2), Urban IX (MI); 076 Total III (M3), V (MS, F2), IX (M2), Urban VII (MI7, FI), IX (M2); 311 Total V VII (MI), VIII (Ml), IX (M78, F67), Urban V (MI), (MI), VII (M24),1 IX (M3), Urban V (MI), VII

106 B·V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION-Contd.

(MI2), IX (M3); 312 Total V (M3), VII (MI9), (M3); IX (MI); 719 TotalIV (MI4,F3), V(MI37,F5), VIII (M9), IX (M3), Urban V (M3), VII (MI6), VII (M3), Urban IV (M2), V (M40), VII (M3); 720 VIII (M9), IX (M3); 3I9T otal III (MI), V (MI), Total IV (M32), V (MlS3, F2), Urban IV (M4), VII (M26), VIII (M7), Urban VII (M2); 320 Total V (M74, F2); 721 Total VII (Ml), Urban VII (MI); V (Ml), VII (M3), IX (M3), Urban IX (M3); 329 729 Total IV (M2), V (MIO), VII (MI), Urban VII Total V (M3), VII (M31), IX (M3), Urban:V (M2), (MI); 730 Total V (M7), IX (M3), Urban V (M7), VII (M2); 339 Total IV (MS), V (M6) , VII (M39,Fl), IX eM3); 73 I Total V (MS), Urban V (Ml); 732 Total IX (Ml), Urban V (Ml), VII (M2), IX (Ml)~ 340 V (M2), Urban V (MI); 734 Total IV (MIg), V Total VII (MIS), Urban VII (M7); 341 Total VII (M4S, FI), IX (M4), Urban IV (M2), V (MIO, FI), (MS), Urban VII (MI); 402 Total III (M40, Fl), I~ IX (M4); 73S Total V (M70), Urban V (M67); 739 (MS), Urban III (MI), IX (M2); 404 Total III (M76, Total IV (MI7), V (M23, Fl), VI (MI), IX (Ml), F3S), IV (M44, F39), Urban IV (M3); 412 Total III Urban V (M6), IX (MI); 740 Total IV (MIl), V (M2S) , V (MS), VIII (M4), IX (M34), Urban III (MI09, FS), VII (M2), IX (F2), Urban IV (M2), (MIO), V (M2), VIV (M3), IX (M32); 421 Total V (MSS, F2), VII (M2), IX (F2); 750 Total III (M96), III(M2), Urban IU(MI); 432 Total III (M2S,F9); 439 V (M224), VI (Ml), VIII (M46) , IX (M30) , Urban Total III (MI, F44) , IV (MS, F44), V (M9, FI9), V (M22), VIII (MI5), IX (M23); 751 Total V (M~5), Urban III (F44) , IV (F2), V (F3); 440 Total III VIII (Ml), IX (MIl), Urban V (MI9), VIII (Ml), (M94) , IX (M7), "{Jrban IX (M7); 441 Total III IX (Mll); 7S2 Total V (MS5, FI), VI (MI), VII (M22, F70), IV (Ml); 443 Total III (MI6, F3), IV (M2), VIII (MSI), IX (M22), Urban V (M37, FI), (Ml), V (Ml); 449 Total III (M164); SOO Total III VI (MI), VII (MI), VIII (M30), IX (MI4); 754 (MIO), Urban III (Ml); S02 Total III (MI); S03 Total IV (M50, F3), V (MS37, FI), VII (MS), VIII Total III eMS); Sll Total IX (M2), Urban IX (Ml); (Ml), IX (M4), Urban IV (MIO), V (M244, Fl), 590 Total III (Ml); 600 Total VIII (M4S) , VII (MS), VIII (Ml), IX (M4); 75S Total V (M6), IX (M2), Urban VIII (M23); 601 Total VIII (M42) , VI (MS), VIII (M2), IX (M22), Urban V (M2), VI Urban VIII (M22); 611 Total VIII (M51), Urban (M2), VIII (M2), IX (MI); 756 Total III (MS), VIII (M31); 620 T<;>tal VIII (Ml), IX (M2), Urban IV (M3), V (MI2S), VI (M2), VIII (M}), IX (M25), IX (Ml); 630 Total VIII (M74), Urban VIII (M67); Urban V (M30), VIII (MI), IX (M23); 7S7 Total 631 Total VIII (M93), Urban VIII (M7S); 640 Total V (M2S, Fl), VII (MI), VIII (Ml), IX (M6), Urban VIII (M7); 6S0 Total VIII (MS), Urban VIII (M5); V (M2S), VII (Ml) VIII (MI), IX (M6); 7S8 Total 6S1 Total VIII (M64), Urban VIII (M37); 6S2 Total IV (MI6, FI), V (M74, F2), Urban IV (MI3, FI), VIn (M5), Urban VIII (M5); 661 Total VIII (M3), V (M29,FI); 759 Total III (M3), IV (M26), V (M42), Urban VIII ,(M2); 662 Total VIII (M9I), Urban IX (M29), Urban V (M8), IX (M4); 760 Total III VIII (M29); 670 Total V (M2), VIII (M42, F7), IX (M30), IV (M3), V (MI45), VI (M23), VII (M4) , (M5), Urban V (M2), VIII(M22, F3), IX (M3); 671 VIII (MIS), IX (M78), Urban IV (M2), V (MS3), Total VIII (M22" Fl), IX (M4), Urban VIII (MI3, VI (M22), VII (M4) , VIII (MIO), IX (M33); 761 FI), IX (M3); 672 Total V (M2), VIII (M22, F2), Total V (M37), VIII (M6), IX (MS), Urban V (M3), IX (M39), Urban V (¥l), VIII (M7, FI), IX (M5); VIII (M5), IX (M2); 762 Total V (MI4), VII (M2), 679 Total VIII (M9), IX (Ml), Urban VIII (M2), VIII (MI), IX (MI), Urban V (M6), VII (M2), IX (Ml); 694 Total VIII (M42, Fl), Urban VIII VIII (Ml); 763 Total VIII (M7), IX (MI), Urban (MI9, FI); 701 Total V (M2, F3), Urban V (F3); VIII (M5); 764 Total V (M6), VI (MIg), VII (M2), 703 Total IV (M9, F3), V ;(MI4), Urban V (M7); VIII (M34), IX (M3S6), Urban V (MS), VI (M9), 705 Total V(MII), Urban V (M7); 706 Total IV(M69, VII (M2), VIII (M7), IX (M77); 769 Total V (M29), F7), V (M49, Fl), Urban IV (MI, Fl), V (MIS, Fl); VI (M2), VII (M6), VIII (M2), IX (MI67), Urban V 707 Total IV (MI9, F 38S), V (M6, FI34), Urban (MIO), VI (M2), VIII (M2), IX (M5); 771 Total IV IV (Ml, FI2), V (M6, FI5); 70S Total IV (MID), (MI2), V (MI69), VIII (M2), Urban V (MS), VIII V (MI7, F7), Urban IV (M2), V (M6, F7); 709 Total (MI); 773 Total V (M2), Urban V (M2); 774 Total IV (M14, F85), V (M73, FS), Urban IV (M2, F30), IV (M3), V (M3); 77S Tote.! IV (M8), V (M60) , V (M24); 711 Total V (M3); 713 Total IV (Fl), V Urban V (MI); 779 Total IV (M2, FI), V (M27) (M5) , Urban V (M4); 715 Total IV (FS6), V(M73, Fl), VII (M2), IX (M4), Urban IV (MI, Fl), V F43) , VII (MS), IX (MI), Urban V (M9, F2), VII (MIS, FI), VII M2), IX (MI); 7S0 Total III (MS), 107 B-V OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION~oncld.

IV (M2), V (M92, F6), VI (M98), VII (M1), VIII (M7), Urban V (M1); 851 Total IV (MIO), V (M346, F36), IX (M154), Urban III (M1), IV (M1), V (MS4, VII (Ml), VIII (MI), Urban IV (M5), V (M31), FS), VI (M70), VII (M1), VIII (M4), IX (M7S); VII (Ml); 853 Total V (M2), VII (Ml), Urban V 792 Total V (M3, F2), Urban V (F2); 793 Total V (M2), VII (Ml); 854 Total IX (M3), Urban IX (M3); (Ml), VI (MI2), Urban V (M1); 794 Total VI (M25), 855 Total IV (M2), V (M2), Urban IV (M2); 856 IX (M1), Urban VI (MIS), IX (Ml); 795 Total VI Total IV (M6, F5), V (M4, Fl), Urban IV (M2), V (M48), Urban VI (M4); 799 Total III (M4), V (Ml), (M2, Fl); 859 Total III (Ml), IV (M36, F23), V VI (M521, F3), VIII (M2), IX (M4), Urban V (Ml), (M255, F402), VII (M2), IX (M5, FI), Urban III VI (M3), VIII (M2), IX (M2); 801 Total V (M261), (MI), IV (M13, F9), V (M70, F236), VII (M2), IX Urban V (M66); 802 Total V (M15), Urban V (M4); (M3, F1); 861 Total III (M161), IV (M13, F21), V 803 Total IV (M4), V (MI22), Urban V (M26); 805 (M367, F221). VII (M9, FI), VIII (MIS), IX (M4), Total V (M2), Urban V (M2); 806 Total IV (M3), Urban IV (MI0, F21), V (M98, FI31), VII (M9, V (M8), Urban IV (M3), V (M7); 808 Total IV Fl), VIII (M9), IX (M3); 870 Total III (M22), IV (M6), V (MI13, F4), VII (M1), Urban IV (M4) , (M2), V (M371, F4), VI (M7), VII (Ml), IX (MI01), V (M31, F2), VII (M1); 809 Total V (M78), IX (M1), Urban IV (Ml), V (M86, Fl), VI (MI), VII (Ml),' Urban V (MI2); 810 Total IV (M43, FI2), V (M278, IX (M9); 871 Total V (M48), VIII (M10), Urban V F4), Urban IV (M2), V (M59, Fl); 813 Total V (MIO), (M5), VIII (M10); 872 Total III (M1), V (M2), Urban V (M7); 814 Total V (MIl, F6), Urban V VIII (Ml) Urban III (Ml), V (M2); 873 Total V (Ml), 815 Total IV (M7), V (M156, Fl), Urban V (Ml), VI (M3), Urban V (Ml), VI (M3); 874 Total VI (M4, Fl); 819 Total IV (MIS), V (M522, F2), IX (MI2), IX (M2), Urban IX (M2); 876 Total IV (Ml), (Ml), Urban V (M23, Fl), IX (Ml); 821 Total IV V (M55), VI (M2), VIII (M82), IX (MS), Urban V (M301, F176), V (M284, F7), Urban IV (Mil, F3), (M29), VIII (M79), IX (M5); 879 Total III (M5), V (M103, FI); 822 Total III (M12), IV (M2, F7), V (M2), VI (MS), VIII (M2), Urban V (Ml); 900 V (M3, F1), Urban III (M12); 823 Total IV (M2, Fl), Total V (Ml), VIII (MI), IX (MI5), Urban V (Ml), V (M3, F1), Urban IV (Ml); 824 Total IV (M87, VIII (Ml), IX (MI4); 902 Total IX (MI03), Urban Fll), V (1\1218, FI2), VII (M3), IX (Ml, F1), Urban IX (1\123); 909 Total III (M47), V (M2), VIII (M8), IV (MIl, F3), V (M83), VII (M3), IX (Ml, F1); IX (MI14), Urban V (M2), VIII (M5), IX (M2); 825 Total IV (M56), V (M57), VII (Ml), IX (Ml), 910 Total V (M2), VIII (MI5, Fl), IX (M27, F24), Urban IV (M4), V (MI7), VII (MI), IX (MI); 827 Urban V (Ml), VIII (Ml), IX (M9, FI2); 913 Total Total IV (Ml), V (M24), VII (M9), Urban V (M3)" III (F6), V (FI20), IX (F49) , Urban III (Fl), V VII (M9); 828 Total III (MI), IV (M2), V (M209, (F20), IX (F20); 919 Total IX (F4); 930 Total V (Ml), F41), Urban IV (MI); 830 Total V (MI), Urban V VI (M4) , IX (Ml); 951 Total IX (M7), Urban IX (Ml); 831 Total IV (M77, F44), V (M38, FI7), VII (M7); 960 Total IX (MS, F3), Urban IX (M5, F3); (MI), IX (MI), Urban V (MI8), VII (Ml), IX (MI); 970 Total IX (MI9), Urbah IX (M4); 979 Total IX 832 Total IV (F2), V (M42), 833 Total V (M89, F1); (M94), Urban IX (M36); 990 Total IX (M5), Urban 834 Total V (M254, F30), Urban V (M3); 839 Total IX (Ml); 999 Total V (:M_l), VII (M2), IX (MI3, IV (M30, FII), V (MI60, F3), IX (M2), Urban IV F2), Urban V (Ml), VlI (M2), IX (MlO). (M17, F8), V (M8, F3), IX (M2); 841 Total V (Ml),

108 B-VI OCCUPATIONAl. DIVISIONS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION CLASSIFIED BY SEX, BROAD AGE=GROUPS AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN URBAN AREAS ONLr

Fly-leaf

This table is prepared only for the urban areas stages of life which have special si~cance with {)f the district. This gives the distribution of non­ reference to the capacity to work, viz•• children, young agricultural workers in the I I occupational, divisions persons, middle-aged persons and elderly persons. {)f National classification of occupations by educational This table gives very valuable data in assessing the levels and broad age-groups. The changes made in the under employment among educated oersons and also N.C.O for the purpose of B-V table are applicable in provides useful information about those occupations the case of this table also. The educational levels which attract educated personnel. In this table the given in the table are the same as those: given in table figures for age-groups of total workers under each B-III Part-A and the age-groups are those followed· occupational division have not been given. n table B-J. The age-groups correspond to different

109 B-VI OCCUPATIONAL DIVISIONS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION CLAS-

Total literate Literate (without Primary or Matriculation or Total workers workers educational levels) Junior Basic Higher Secondary Occupational ~~ ~ ~ Division No. Age-group P M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Q,UR.ON

All Divisions oml 41,777 30,343 11,434 23,411 4,870 14,022 3,285 5,309 714 2,861 59& 0-14 1,084 504 580 271 214 237 198 34 16 15-34 22,318 15,451 6,867 12,275 3,459 6,980 2,276 2,917 496 1,719 466 35-59 16,955 13,210 3,745 10,162 1,155 6,283 781 2,236 194 1,109 121 60+ 1,415 1,174 241 699 41 519 29 121 8 33 3 Age not!stated 5 4 1 4 1 3 1 1

0 Total 2,658 1,692 966 1,671 952 346 72 313 206 444 442 0-14 15-34 745 663 91 30 88 95 270 360 35-59 817 279 202 40 201 105 160 81 60+ 108 10 52 2 24 6 14 1

1 Total 1,816 1,753 63 1,694 48 705 22 404 4 361 11 0-14 15-34 658 22 216 6 168 2 176 7 35-59 972 25 450 15 216 2 182 4- 60+ 63 38 20 3

2 Total 2,671 2,509 162 2,472 162 562 5 547 8 1,153 112 15-34 1,291 120 212 2 222 2 701 81 35-59 1,131 41 328 3 306 6 443 30 60+ 50 1 22 19 9 1

3 Total 3,968 3,784 184 3,216 60 1,976 49 939 8 267 2 0-14 15 12 3 15-34 1,645 17 907 12 567 4 151 35-59 1,448 37 972 31 352 4- 110 2 60+ 107 5 85 5 16 6 Age not stated 1

4 Total 2,972 2,903 69 1,341 22 1,091 21 239 1 10 0-14 16 14 2 15-34 660 18 528 17 129 3 35-59 591 3 485 3 98 7 60+ 74 64 10

110 SIFIED BY SEX, BROAD AGE-GROUPS AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN URBAN AREAS ONLr

Educational levels .A.. r-- ~------_---_ ------..... University degree or Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or post-graduate degree ..A. Technical Non-technical post-gradu- r---- ~ -- ~---~ diploma not diploma not ate degree Veterinary equal to equal to other than and degree degree technical degree Engineering .Medicine Agriculture Dairying Technology TeaLhing Othels ,----..A.. __ -"'\ ~ r--"------. ..-----'---~ ~----. ~ r----'--...... ---"----. ,.---_..A.-_~ ~ M F M F M F M F .M F M F M F M F M F M F 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24- 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

DISTRICT

244 60 37 21 579 66 56 20 9 7 3 2 74 71 197 54

116 40 18 15 276 58 46 6 6 5 2 1 37 48 152 54 120 19 19 6 288 8 9 13 3 2 1 1 37 23 44 8 1 15 1 1 1

99 57 31 20 211 42 39 20 9 3 2 1 67 66 95 38

49 38 17 14- 75 37 35 6 6 2 36 45 74 38 48 18 14 6 123 5 3 13 3 31 21 20 2 1 13

13 3· 1 149 5 12 4 1 4 1 38 4

5 58 2 8 3 23 4- 8 3 89 3 4 4 15 2

\ 14 3 2 146 19 1 2 4 45 11

8 2 , 103 19 3 42 11 6 '. 1 43 3

24 10 1

14- 6 10 ...

1

... III B-VI OCCUPATIONAL DIVISIONS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULIVATION CLAS

,------

Total literate Literate (without Primary or Matriculation or Total workers workers educational levels) Junior Basic Higher Secondary ,---___.A..___ .... ,--A__ -----, Occupational ..--"--.... ,------A------. ~ Division No. Age-group P M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

5 Total 35 8 15 7 13 7 1 1 15-34 6 7 6 7 35-59 8 6 60+ 1 1

6 Total 1,643 1,634 9 1,393 8 750 350 1 192 7 0-14 3 3 15-34 596 6 318 141 96 5 35-59 763 2 4-'04 207 96 2 60+ 31 25 2

7-8 Total 20,203 12,170 8,033 8,744 3,022 6,492 2,614 1,938 399 269 9 0-14 69 92 61 86 8 6 15-34 5,053 2,296 3,546 1,953 1,267 335 211 8 35-59 3,422 619 2,704 563 645 56 57 60+ 198 14 179 11 18 2 Age not stated 2 1 2

9 Total 5,500 3,566 1,934 2,589 585 1,958 493 t87 86 117 6 0-14 166 121 145 111 21 to 15-34 1,522 309 1,120 249 305 55 84 5 35-59 841 146 644 124 152 21 33 60+ 59 9 48 9 9 Age not stated

X Total 311 305 6 276 4 H9 2 I 91 1 47 1 15-34 99 36 30 27 35·59 169 3 88 2 ,58 20 00+ 8 5 ',3

112 SIFIED BY SEX, BROAD AGE-GROUPS AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN URBAN AREAS ONLT­ Coneld.

Educational levels University degree or Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or post-graduate degree Technical Non·technical postgradu- diploma not diploma not ate degree Veterinary equal to equal to other than and degree degree technical degree Engineering Medicine Agriculture Dairying Technology Teaching Others 'M" F' ~ ~ tM~ F'Mi M" F --M---'...... _....,P ~ M"""F ~

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 F

76 2S

26 ., 15 46 .. 10 4 ...

31 1 7 2 1 1 2

25 2 6 6

11 12 t

3 7 3 6 - 5 1 2 i· ...

5 3 3 2 -2 - I

113 B-Vll PART-A PERSONS WORKING PRINCIPALLY (i) AS CULTIVATORS (ii) AS AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS OR (iii) AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND BY SECONDARY WORK (i) AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY (ii) AS CULTIVATOR OR (iii) AS AGRICULTURAL LABOUREl\, PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF pnSONS WORKING IN NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY

Fly-leaf

I. This table which is prepared in two parts, viz., 3. Part-B of the table presents data on the basis of Part-A and Part-B, gives information on secondary cross-tabulation of principal and secondary work in work. Tables B-VII Part-A and Part-B are tabulated the case of persons who are principally engaged in for total, rural and urban areas of the district. For non-household industry, trade, business, profession rural areas it is presented by divisions down to taluk or service and also additionally working at household level. Workers who have no secondary work are industry. The household industries and non-household excluded from this table. industries are further classified according to divisions 2. Part-A of the table is prepared in the case of and major groups of I.S.I.C. From this table the workers who are principally engaged: extent of influence of principal work on the nature of (i) as cultivator secondary work can be studied. (ii) as agricultural labourer or 4. In Table B-VII Part-A the major groups of (iii) at household industry those industries where the persons engaged in auxiliary and who are also additionally engaged in any of the work are less than 5 per cent of the persons having above three categories of work. Workers who are that particular major group as principal work in Table principally engaged at household industry a,re also B-IV Part-A have been omitted on the basis of the given by divisions and major groups of I.S.I.O. This figures of total area. These major groups are shown tat-Ie is important as it shows the extent to which in the appendix. c;ultivation is 'luWlemented by household industry or ~e versa.

1'4 &OW PART-A PERSONS WORKING PRINCIPALLY (i) AS CULTIVATORS (ll) AS AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS OR (iii) AT HOUSEHOW INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND BY SECONDARY WORK (i) AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY (ll) AS CULTIVATOR OR (iii) AS AGRICULTURAL LABOURER

Note:-Major groups of household Industry, where persons having secondary work as cultivation or agricultural labourer, are less than 5% of the persons having the major group as principal work, have not been shown III this table, but are given in the appendix to this tabId Divisions thus affected are marked with an asterisk(·),

Principal work Secondary work Cultivator, Agricultural Total i At Household Industry Ii As Cultivator iii A.Agricultural Labourer Labourer or Household Industry, Rural (Division and Major Group) Urban M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Q,UILON DISTRICT

(}aid_tor T 1,339 295 9,920 1,058 R 1,316 295 9,861 '1056 U 23 - 59 2 .Agricultaral Labourer T 331 490 21,100 3,749 R 331 489 21,006 3,747 U 1 94 2 B_sehold Indastry- .AD Divisions T 3,536 1,045 365 1,106 R 3,480 1,029 364 1,105 U 56 16 1 1 Division 0 T 30 2 2 R 29 2 2 U 1 Major group 00 T 1 2 R 1 2 03 T 15 2 •• R 15 2 04- T 14 .. R 13 U 1 Division 1 T 1 R 1 Major group ]0 T 1 R 1 ·Divisions 2 & 3 T 3,506 1,043 364 1,IM R 3,451 1,021 363 1,103 U 55 16 1 1 Majol' group 20 T 328 63 9 R 319 62 8 U 9 1 1 21 T 11' .. R 11 .. 22 T 170 5 R 170 ~ 23 T 822 94- 3 .. R fill 93 3 U 11 1

115 10614198-B B·VB PART·A PERSONS WORKING PRINCIPALLY (i) AS CULTIVATORS (ii) AS AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS OR (iii) AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND BY SECONDARY WORK. (i) AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY (ii) AS CULTIVATOR OR (iii) AS AGRICULTURAL LABOURER-Contd.

Principal work Secondary work

Cultivator, Agricultural Total i At Household Industry ii As Cultivator iii As Agricultural Labourer Labourer or Household Industry, Rural (Division and Major Group) Urban M F M F M F 1 2 4 5 6 7 8

Major group 24 T 2 15 R 1 U 2 14 28 T 532 346 223 562 R 532 346 223 562

OJ 30 T 3 5 R .3 5

OJ 31 T 10 20 R 9 20 U ] .. 32 T 4 R 4 33 T 35 5 " R 3.f. 5 U 1 1I4-35 " T 242 52 11 2- R 241 52 11 2' U 1 ., 36 T 576 19 1 R 574 19 1 U 2 •• 37 T 1 U 1 .. 38 T 9 R 8 U 1 .. 39 T 128 R 128 -

PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK-RURAL

Caltivator 149 12 2,074 198 Agricultura Labour er 62 45 3,459 510, Household Industry - All Divisions 375 25 61 Division o 3 " 2&3 372 25 61 KUNNATHUR TALUK-RURAL Cultivator 185 78 2,056 Agricultural Labourer 72 131 4967 1,611 HOllsehold Industry - All Divillions 51S 195 75 Division o 1 " 2& 512 195 7.5 146 116 B-vn PART-A PERSONS WORKING PRINCIPALLY (i) AS CULTIVATORS (ll) AS AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS OR (iii) AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY C~SSIFIED BY SEX AND BY SECONDARY WORK (i) AT HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY (ll) AS CULTIVATOR OR (iii) AS AGRICULTURAL LABOURER-Concld.

Principal work Secondary work ,...--~ r- Cultivator, Agricultural Total i At Household Industry ii As Cultivator III As Agricultural labourer labourer or Household Industry, Rural (Division and Major Group) Urban M F M F M F 1 2 S .. 5 6 7 8 KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL Cultivator 199 108 516 t7 Apicultural Labourer ,66 H6 1.006 111 lIoasehold Industry- All Division!! 543 426 121 746 Division o 16 2 2&3 527 426- 121 744 "

QUILON TALUK-RURAL Cultivator 339 50 954 47 Agricultural Labourer 11 13 1,286 54 lIowIehold Industry- All Divisions 758 239 ]8 59 Division o 4 2 1 I " 2&3 " 754 228 17 59

KOTTARAKARA TALUK-RURAL Cultivator 315 26 2,166 169 Agricultural Labourer 33 - 18 5,109 529 Hoasehold Industry- All Divisions 900 109 28 24 Division 0 2 2&3 898 109 28 24 " \

PATHANAPURAM TALUK-RURAL Caltivator 129 21 2,095 207 Agricultural Laboare.. 87 136 5,179 932 Household Industry- , All Divi!!ioDS 391 it 61 Division 0 3 2&3 " 388 44- 61 50 APPENDIX

Major groups of household industry where person having secondary work as cultivation or agricultural labour, are less than 5% of the persons having the major group as principal work have been shown in this appendix. The following abbreviations have been used:-

ii-Cultivator M=Males iii-Agricultural Labourer F=Females

27 Total (ii) (M633, FH8) (iii) (M87, F539) Rural (ii) (M607, FH8) (iii) (M87, F539) Urban (ii) (M26)

117 10614198-B B-Vll PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY

Principal work Principal work Additional work Additional work , at Household Industry at Household Industry (Division & Major group) Males Females (Division & Major group) Males Females 2 8 1 2 S

Q,un.ON DISTRICT-TOTAL

P. W. All Divisions 198,858 89,766 P. W. Division 2&3 46,342 60,978 A. W. Division P. 9 1 A. W. Division 0 1 Major group 03 1 Major group 04 1 04 8 1 Division 2&3 45 54 Division" 2&3 362 103 Major group 20 2 4 22 2 Major group 20 23 8 " 23 4 9 22· 31 " 24 1 " 23 50 13 " 27 28 17 " 24 2 I " 28 6 22 " 27 200 30 " 30 I " 28 37 45 " 34-35 1 30 2 " 39 1 " 32 1 " " 33 14 3 " P. W. Major group 20 10,854 55,317 34-35 1 2 A. W. Division 2&3 3 " 39 1 1 51 " Major group 20 4 28,416 5,127 23 9 P. W. Division 0 24 1 A. W. Division 0 1 " 27 15 28 21 Major group 04 34-35 1 Division 2&3 91 6 P. W. Major group 21 1,227 55 Major group 20 2 , 22 12 A. W. Division 2&3 1 " 23 33 Major group 27 1 27 39 4 28 4 2 " P. W. Major group 22 4,635 5 32 1 A. W. Division 2&3 4 P. W. Major group 00 6,897 362 Major group 22 1 27 3 A. W. Division 2&3 3:1 5 P. W. Major group 23 1,332 371 Major group 23 2 27 29 4 A. W. Division 2&3 1 " 28 2 1 Major group 23 P. W. Major group 01 9,419 4,535 P. W. Major group 27 4,054 3,490 A. W. Division 0 1 A. W. DivisIOn 2&3 18 Major group 04 1 Major group ~O 1 23 1 Division 2&3 17 " 27 16 Major group ~4 II " ,. 23 1 P. W. Major group 28 9,184 637 27 2 A. W. Division 2&3 6 3 .. 28 2 32 1 Major group 27 1 2 .. 28 5 1 P. W. Major group 03 10,119 97 " P. W. Major group 30 828 9 A. W. Di sion 2&3 40 A. W. Division 0 Major group 20 2 Major group 04 23 30 " 27 8 P. W. Major group 32 463 53 " 2&3 3 P. W. Major group 04 650 48 A. W. Division Major group 22 1 A. W. Division 2&3 28 1 " 30 1 Major group 22 " 118 B-VII PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN . NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR~SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY-r.ontd

Principal work Principal work Additional work Additional work at Householrl."Industry at Household Industry ~vision & M ior group) Males Females (Division & Major gt:oup) Males Females 2 3 2 3

P. W. Major group 34-35 5,444 152 Division 2&3 74 6 Major group 20 8 A. W. DivIsion 2&3 5 3 22 16 Major group 20 1 23 .~ 27 3 27 '1-i " 39 1 " 28 1 " 30 1 P. W. Major group 36 3,201 30 " 33 3

A. W. Division 2&3 2 P. W. Division 7 13,395 212 Majorg ")up 23 1 27 I A. W. Division 0 " Major group 04 P. W. Major group 38 1,060 DIvision 2&3 22 A. 'V. Division 2&3 Major group 20 2 Major group 27 23 2 24 I P. W. Major group 39 1,836 55 2"1 15 28 2 A. W. Division 2&3 P. W. Major group '7()'71 12,271 Major gro"p 27 114 A. W. Division P. W. Division 5 1,559 109 2&3 20 Major group 20 2 A. W. Division 2&3 23 " 2 Major group 28 24 1 " 27 14 " 28 P. W. Major group 51 379 73 " 1 A. W. Division 2&3 P. W. Major group 73 1,088 96 Major group 28 A. W. Division 0 P. W. Divis.on 6 27,183 1,751 Major group 04 I Division 2&3 2 A. W. Division 0 2 Major group 27 Major group 03 04 28 " Division 2&3 78 6 P. W. Division 8 45,562 16,542 Major gro~p 20 8 3 22 16 A. W. Division 0 3 " 23 4 Major group 04 3 " 27 44 " 28 1 Division 2&3 47 15 " 30 1 Major group 20 3 1 " 33 4 23 5 3 " 24 I P. W. Major group 60-63 1,049 16 27 25 6 28 5 A. W. Division 2&3 4 " 33 8 3 Major group 27 3 34-35 1 33 1 39 1 " " P. W. Major group 64-68 24,812 1,716 P. W. Major group 80 6,556 485 ~ A. W. Division 0 2 A. W. Division 2&3 2 Major group 03 Major group 20 28 04 " 119 10614198-B B-VII PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION .HY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY-contd.

.E'rincipal work Principal work Additional work Additional work at Household Industry at Household Iudustry (Division & Major group) Males Females (Division & Major group) • Males Female 1 2 3 2 3

P. W. Major group 81 10,545 !i,629 P. W. Major group 87 454 oK A. W. Division 0 A. W. DivisIon 2&3 Major group 04 Major group 27 Division 2&3 14 6 Major group 20 I P. W. Major group 88 19,916 8,892 23 1 2 " 27 9 3 A. W. Division 0 ., 28 3 33 Major group 04 " Division 2&3 12 & P. W. Major group 82 3,044 1163 Major group 20 1 23 2 A. W. Division 0 " 24 I 27 Major group 04 " 8 ~ Division 2&3 11 2 34-35 I 39 I Major group 23 I " 27 1 " 28 I P. W. Division 9 25,892 ~867 " 33 8 2 " A. W. Division 0 P. W. Major group 113 2,029 415 Major group 04 A.W. Division 2&3 Division 2&3 78 22 Major .group 23 Major group 20 6 22 I P. W. Major lJroup 84 698 Ii 23 2 27 49 2 A. W. Division 2&3 " 28 18 2() " 33 Major group 27 " 2

P. W. Major group 85 703 4 P. W. Major group 90 25,892 4,861 A. W. Division 2&3 3 A. W. Division 0 Major group 27 3 Major group 04- I P. W. Major group 86 1,069 lSi Division 2&3 78 22 Major group 20 6 A. W. Divi$ion 0 1 22 I Major group 04 1 " 23 2 27 49 Division 2&3 2 2 28 18 20 Major group 27 2 " 33 2

Q.UlLON DISTRICT-RURAL

P.W. All Divisions 169,143 79,556 Major grollp 22 31 23 50 13 A. W. Division 0 9 24 2 1 27 197 30 Major group 03 1 " 28 37 45 04 8 .. 30 2 " .. 32 1 - Division 2&3 357 102 33 13 -3 34·35 1 2 Major group 20 22 7 39 1 1 120 B-VII PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY-contd.

Principal work Principal work

Additional work AdditIOnal work at Household Industry at Household Industry (Division & Major gro_up) Males Females (Division & Major group) Males Females 2 3 2 3

P. W. Division 0 25,638 5,066 P. W. Major group 20 8,773 4!1,505

A. W. Division 0 A. W. Division 2&3 3 50 04 Major group 20 3 Major group 23 9 Division 2&3 91 6 24 1 " 27 15 Major group 20 2 28 21 22 12 " 35 1 " 23 33 " " 27 39 4 " 28 4 2 P. W. Major group 2:1 1,17!! 55 32 I " A. W. Division 2&j P. W. Major group 00 6,312 361 Major group 27 33 A. W. Division 2&3 5 P. W. Major group 22 4,163 2 Major group 23 2 27 29 4 A. W. Division 2&3 4 28 2 1 Major group 22 I " 27 3 P. W. Major group 01 9,406 4,535 P. W. Major group 23 932 248 A. W. Division 0 Major group 04 I A. W. Division 2&3 Division 2&3 17 Major group 23 Major group 22 11 P. W. Major group 27 3,537 3,214 23 I 27 2 A. W. DiVision 2&3 18 28 2 " 32 1 Major group 20 1 " 23 I " 27 16 P. W. Major group 03 8,026 43

A. W. Divis\on 2&3 40 P. W. Major group 28 1,921 594 Major group 20 2 A. W. Division 2&3 6 3 23 30 27 8 Major group 27 I 2 " 28 5 P. W. Major group 04 575 42 P. W. Major group 30 526 2 A. W. Division, 2&3 A. W. DiVIsion 0 Major group 22 Major group 04 P. W. Division 2 & 3 38,260 54,281 P. W. Major group 32 425 53 A. W. Division 0 A. W. DiVIsion 2&3 3 Major group 04 I Major group 22 DivisIOn 2&3 45 53 21\ Major group 20 2 3 30 22 2 " 23 4 9 P. W. Major group 34-35 4,514 105 24 1 27 28 17 A. W. Division 2R<3 " 28 6 22 " 30 1 Major group 20 I " 34-35 1 27 3 " 39 1 39 I I?l B-VII PART·B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON~HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSIl\ESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE 'WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY-contd.

Principal work Principal work Additional work Additional work at Household Industry at Household Industry {Division & Major group) Males Females (Division & Major group) Males Females 2 3 2 3

P. W. Major group 36 2,274 22 P. W. Divisiou 7 10,500 181 A. W. DiVISIOn 2&3 2 A. W. Division 0 Major group 23 Major group 04 27 " Division 2&3 21 P. W. Major group 38 822 Major group 20 1 ~;-">:l 23 2 A. W. Division 2&3 " 24 1 27 15 Major group 27 28 2 P. W. Major group 39 1,510 49 P. W. Major group 70-71 9,606 105 A. W. DiviSIOn 2&3 A. W. Division 2&3 19 27 Major group Major group 20 1 23 2 P. W. Division 5 1,208 45 " 24 1 " 27 14 A. W. Division 2&3 28 1 Major group 28 P. W. Major group 73 868 76 P. W. Major group 51 196 20 A. W. Division 0 A. W. Division 2&3 Major group 04 1 Major group 28 Division 2&3 2 Major group 27 P. W. DiVision 6 22,323 1,549 28 A. W. Division 0 2 P. W. Division 8 38,687 13,582 Major group 03 04 " A. W. Division 0 3 Division 2&3 78 6 Major group 04 3 1 Major group 20 8 3 Division 2&3 44 15 22 16 " 23 4 1 Major group 20 3 1 "_, 27 44 1 23 5 3 28 1 I 24 1 30 1 27 23 6 " 33 4 28 5 " 33 7 3 34-35 1 P. W. Major group 60-63 515 6 39 I A. W. Division 2&3 4 P. W. Major group 80 5,049 293 Major group 27 3 33 1 " A. W. Division 2&3 2 Major group 20 P. W. Major group 64-68 20,932 1,535 28 A. W. Division 0 2 P. W. Major group 81 9,803 4,992 Major group 03 .~ " 04 A. W. Division 0 Division 2&3 74 6 Major group 04 1 Major group 20 8 3 Division 2&3 14 6 22 16 " 23 4 Major group 20 1 " 27 H 23 1 2 28 1 " 27 9 3 " 30 1 " 28 3 " 33 .. 33 3 " 122 B-VII PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON·HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY-contd.

Principal Work Principal Work Additional work Additional work at Household Industry at Household Industry (Division & Major group) Males Females (Division & Major group) Males Femak, 1 2 3 2 3

P. W. Major group 82 2,642 602 P. W. Major group 88 16,665 7,130

C A. W. Division 0 "A. W. Division 0 Major group 04 1 M~or group 04 I Division 2&3 10 2 Division 2&3 11 6 Major group 23 1 Major group 20 1 ,. 27 1 23 2 28 1 " 24 1 " 33 7 2 " 27 7 3 < " " 34-35 1 P. W. Major group 83 1,851 365 " 39 1 A. W. Division 2&3 1 P. W. Division 9 22,718 4,681 Major group 23 1 A. W. Division 0 1 P. W. Major group IN 519 5 Major group 04 1 A. W. Division 2&3 Division 2&3 77 22 Major group 27 Major group 20 6 22 1 P. W. Major group 85 348 " 23 2 27 48 2 A. W. Division 2&3 2 " 28 18 20 33 2 Major group 27 2 " P. W. Major group 86 1,003 130 P. W. Major group 90 22,718 4,681 A. W. Division 0 1 A. W. Division 0 Major group 04 1 Major group 04 Division 2&3 2 Division 2&3 77 22 Major group 27 2 Major group 20 6 22 1 P. W. Major group 87 362 36 " 23 2 \ 27 48 2 A. W. Division 2&3 " 28 18 20 Major group 27 " 33 2 "

Q,UILON DISTRlcr-URBAN

P. W. AU Divisions 29,715 10,210 P. W. Division 7 2,895 31 A. W. Division 2&3 5 A. W. Division 2&3 Major group 20 1 Major group 20 27 3 " 33 1 .. P. W. Major group 70.71 2,665 9 .,. W. Division 2&3 8,082 6,697 A. W. Division 2&3 A. W. Division 2&3 Major group 20 - Major group 20 - P. W. Division 8 6,875 2,960 P. W. Major group 20 2,081 5,812 A. W. Division 2&.3 5 A. W. Division 2&3 Major group 'J.7 2 Major group 20 .. 33 1 - 123 B-vn PART.B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFlCATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON·HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY-contd.

Principal Work Principal Work Additional work at Household Industry Additional work (Division & Major group) at Household Induslry Males Females (Division & Major group) Males Females 2 3 2 3

P. W. Major group 82 402 261 P. W. Division 9 3,174 186 A. W. Division 2&3 1 A. W. Division 2&3 Major group 33 1 Major group 27 1 P. W. Major group 85 :455 4 A. W. Division 2&3 P. W. Major group 90 3,174 186 Major group 27 A. W. Division 2&3 1 P. W. Major group 88 3,251 1,762 Major group 27 1 - A. W. Division 2&3 1 - Major group 27 1 - PATHANAMTHIITA TALUK-RURAL

P. W. All Divisions 26,991 6,160 P. W. Division 6 3,342 132 A. W. Division 2&3 31 10 A. W. Division 2&3 2 Major group 20 ) 22 )0 Major group 22 " 33 23 2 1 " " 28 15 4 " 33 3 3 P. W. Division 8 7,416 3,OM " 34·35 I " 39 I " , A. W. Division 2&3 4 6. P. W. Division 0 4,833 1,640 Major group 20 1 23 1 1 A. W. Division " 33 - 2&3 9 " 2 3 Major group 22 8 34-35 1 39 1 " 23 1 " P. W. Division 2 & 3 3,987 127 P. W. Division , f,544 I,ll' A. W. Division 2 &3 3 A. W. Division 2&3 12 Major group 2B 3 Major group 22 1 • P. W. Division 5 557 11 " 28 11 -4- A. W. Division 2&3 1 Major group 2B 1

KUNNATHUR TALUK-RURAL

P. W. All Divisions 15,095 7,492 P. W. Division ° 2,073 356 A. W. Division 0 3 A. W. Division 0 1 Major group 03 I Major group 04 1 .. 04- 2 -1 Division 2&3 22 10 Division 2&3 4 - Major group 20 4- 2 Major group 23 2 .. 22 2 27 1 23 2 " 28 1 " 27 7 I " " 28 6 6 P. W. Divisi_ 2&3 3,374 f,946 .." 33 I " 34·35 A. W. Division 2&3 4 8 124 S.Vll PART·B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON·HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY-contd.

Principal Work Principal Work Additional work Additional work at Household Industry at Household Industry (Division & Major group) Males Fent.ues (Division & Major group) Males Female, 1 2 2 3

Major group 20 1 1 P. W. Division 7 7fj7 19 .. 27 2 1 It 28 1 5 A. W. Division 2&3 2 34-35 1 " Major group 20 28 P. W. Division 6 2,562 187 " A. W. Division 0 2 ... P. W. Division 8 4,642 1,717 Major group 03 1 ... 04- 1 I " A. W. Division 0 Division 2&3 9 1 Major group 04 1 Major group 20 2 1 Division 2&3 3 22 2 " 27 3 Major group 27 I " 28 1 28 2 " 33 1 " "

KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL

P. W. All Divisions 35,016 7,290 Major group 20 1 22 5 A. W. Division 0 2 27 12 -1 28 1 Major group 04- 2 Division 2&3 151 59 P. W. Division 7 3,163 JJ Major group 20 8 15 22 6 A. W. Division 2&3 " 23 1 Major group 27 14 " 27 123 28 28 1 " 28 8 31 " 33 4- " 39 1 P. W. Division 8 &.396 2,00t " A. W. Division 0 1 P. W. Division 0 6,421 133 Major group O{ 1 A. W. Division' 2&3 32 5 Division 2&3 17 5 Major group 20 1 22 1 Major group 20 2 " 27 29 { 27 10 5 " 28 1 1 " 28 1 " 33 4- " P. W. Division 2&3 4,030 4,303 P. W. Division 9 6,267 493 A. W. Division 2&3 14 31 A. W. Division 0 Major group 20 1 27 11 16 Major group 04- " 28 1 15 " 39 1 Division 2&3 55 16 " Major group 20 3 P. W. Division 6 4,579 326 23 1 " 27 47 2 4- A. W. Division 2&3 18 2 .4 28 14-

125 B-VI1 PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY-contd.

Principal Work Principal Work Additional work Additional work at Household Industry at Household Industry {Division & Major group) Males Females (Division & Major group) Males Females 2 3 2 3

QUILON TALUK-RURAL

F. W. All Divisions 48,481 31,057 P. W. Division 6 6,330 682 A. W. Division 0 3 A. W. DIVIsion 2&3 39 Maj01 group 04- 3 Major group 20 2 2&3 122 16 22 3 Division " 23 4 Major group 20 6 " 27 29 22 3 33 I .," 23 44 12 " 24- 2 1 1". W. Division 7 2,937 30 " 27 63 1 " 28 1 1 A. W. DivisIOn 2&3 4- .. 33 2 34-35 1 M'ljor group 23 2 ,. " 24 1 ," , 27 1 P. W. Division 0 6,013 47 P. W. Division I 8,739 2,91. A. W. Division 2&3 38 1\. W. Division 0 2 Major group 20 1 23 30 Major group 04 2 27 7 Division 2&3 15 3 Major group 23 3 2 16,329 26,810 24 1 P. W. ~vision 2&3 " 27 10 " 33 1 A. W. Division 0 1 " Major group 04- 1 P. W. Division 9 5,556 475 Division 2&'~ 20 11 A. W. Division 2&3 6 Major group 20 1 23 't 9 Major group 20 3 .," 24 1 .. 23 1 27 15 27 1 " 34-lf5 1 .." 28 1 1 '0

KOTTARAKARA l'ALUK-RURAL P. W. AU Division. 21,436 18,608 ~. W. Division 6 2,9M • i\. W. Division () A. W. Division 2&3 2 Major gr"Ul-' 04- - Major group 20 1 22 1 Division '2J1t3 6 5 " Major group 211 1 2 P W. Division 7 1,073 4t .. 2l , .. 23 J A. W. Division 0 26 a :~ Major group 04- 3J 1 'J l". W. Diviston 8 6,484 2,183 P. W. Divislo. 0 1,275 152 A. W. Division 2&3 2 1 A. W. Division 2&3 Major group 20 1 Major group 28 .. 23 _' .. 28 14,751 P. W. Division 2 & 3 5,833 P. W. Division 9 2,7. 1,381

~. W. Division 2&3 I A. W. Division 2&3 1 1 Major group 20 1 Major group 28 1 28 2 33 " 126 B-vn PART-B INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX OF PERSONS WORKING IN NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY, TRADE, BUSINESS, PROFESSION OR SERVICE WHO ARE ALSO ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY-concld.

Principal Work Principal Work Additional work Additional work at Household Industry at Household Industry (Division & Major group) Males Females (Division & Major group) Males 1}.Females

2 3 1 :.2 3

PATHANj\PURAM TALUK-RURAL

P.W. All Divisions 22,124 8,949 Major group 22 28 -A. W. Division 2&3 25 2 30 Major group 20 2 2 " 22 9 P. W. Division Ci 2,516 142 .. 27 4 A. W. DivisIOn 2&3 8 2 .J" 28 5 .. 30 2 Major group 20 2 2 ,. \ 32 1 22 4 OJ 33 2 30 1 " 33 1 P. W. Division 0 5,018 2,738 " P. W. Division 8 5,010 1,675 A. W. Division 2&3 7 A. W. Division 2&3 3 Major group 22 3 Major group 27 2 ,. 27 2 28 1 ., 28 1 32 1 OJ P. W. Divisiun 9 l,605 944 P. W. Division 2&3 4,707 3,344 A. W. DiviSIOn 2&3 3 Major group 28 2 A. W. Division 2&3 4- 33 1

127

:a-VID PERSONS UNEMPLOYED AGED 15 AND ABOVE BY SEX, BROAD AGE-GROUPS AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS

Fly-leaf

1. This is a very important table which provides 2. Part-A of the table gives the distribution of information on persons aged 15 and above who are persons seeking employment for the first time in the unemployed by sex and educational levels in rural and age-group 15-19,20-24,25-29,30-34 and 35 + andalao urban areas of the district. The table will be the distribution of persons who were employed before useful for purposes of planning for employment and but now out of employment and seeking work in the also for assessing the available man power. It is age-groups 15-19, 20-24,25-34,35-44,45-59 and 60 + divided into two parts. Part-A relates to urban by educational levels, as given in Table B-III Part-A. areas and is presented for the district. Part-B relates 3. Part-B of the table presents the distribution to rural areas and is presented down to taluk of unemployed persons aged 15 and above by the same level. educational levels as given in Table B-III Part-B.

129 10614:198-B B-vm PART-A PERSONS UNEMPLOYED AGED 15 AND ABOVE BY SEX

Seeking employment for the first time Age-group Total unemployed Total 15-19 20-24- 25-29 30-34 35+ ,---A----.. ,....-----"'-- ~ ,....-----"'-- ~ ~ Educational level P M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 ... 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14- 15 16

Q.UILON

Total 3,339 '1.,677 66'1. 1,967 557 624 193 89'l. 'l.74 'l.86 75 91 10 7" 5 Illiterate 308 240 68 136 30 71 13 40 10 10 6 5 10 2 Literate (without educa- tionallevel) 1,048 976 72 623 44- 233 23 235 14- 78 4 40 3 37 3 Primary or Junior Basic 772 701 71 524- 64- 176 24- 230 26 75 12 21 22

4 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 1,089 692 397 623 374- HI 126 353 200 107 42 19 3 3 !

5 Technical diploma not equal to degree 36 19 17 16 15 4 5 5 10 ... 2 6 Non-technical diploma not equal to degree 7 7 5 ... 7 University degree or post- graduate degree other than technical degree 38 28 10 25 9 16 :5 3 5 5 8 Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or post- graduate degree- 41 21 20 20 16 2 2 13 12 3 2 , (i) Engineering - (~ Medicine (iii) Agriculture (iv) Veterinary and Dairying (v) Technology - (vi) Teaching .. -.. (vii) Others 40 21 19 20 16 2 2 13 12 3 2 ..

130 BROAD AGEoGROUPS AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN URBAN AREAS ONLr

Persons employed before but now out of employment and seekIng work Age-group

Total 15-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-59 60+ ,---"---. ,.....---J'---, ,.....---J'---, ,---A--. ~ ~ Educationallcvel M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ,24 25 26 27 28 29 30

DISTRICT

no 105 :H 17 116 26 210 26 161 26 156 8 3:J Z Total 104 38 8 4 13 3 2,(- 10 17 14 33 7 9 Illiterate 2 Literate (without educa.. 353 28 10 8 56 5 96 7 85 7 87 19 tional level) 177 7 14 20 2 62 4a 3 30 3 3 Primary or Junior Bask 4 Matriculation or Highet 69 23 2 5 23 12 25 .(- 11 6 2 Secondary 5 Technical diploma not 3 2 2 equal to degree 6 Non-technical diploma 2 not equal to degree 7 University degree or post- graduate degree other 3 2 than technical degree 8 Technical degree Or diploma equal to degree 4 2 1 or Post-graduate degree (i) Engineering - (ii) Medicine "l" (iii) Agriculture (iv) Veterinary and Dairying -, (v) Technology (vi) Teaching 3 2 .. - Wi) Othert

131 10614:198-B B-VIII PART-B PERSONS VNEMPJ..OYED AGED 15 AND ABOVE BY SEX AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN RURAL AREAS ONLY

Rural unemployeds by educational levels

~ Literate (",ithout Primary or Matriculation and Total unemployed Illiterate educational level) Junior BasIc at:Jve .A. ~ __~, ___.A._ __ ~, __ -A-_~ District/Taluk P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 l.UILON DISTRICT 20,4.88 15,826 4,662 1,585 1,391 194 4,893 4,641 252 3,421 3,082 339 10,589 6,712 3,877

Pathanamthitta taluk 3,197 1,992 1,205 36 26 10 267 245 22 147 127 20 2,747 1,594 1,15' Kunnathur 1,922 1,354 568 91 B8 3 351 337 14 150 127 23 1,330 802 528 " Karunagapally 4,252 3,710 542 519 493 26 1,476 1,423 53 1,028 963 65 1,229 831 398 6,441 5,398 1,043 628 543 85 1,989 1,880 109 1,537 1,391 146 2,287 1,584 703 Quilon " Kottarakara 2,614 1,913 701 85 77 8 444 415 29 332 283 49 1,753 1,138 615 " 2,062 1,459 603 226 164 62 366 341 25 227 191 36 1,243 763 480 Pathanapurarn "

132 B-IX PERSONS NOT AT WORK CLASSIFmDIBY SEX, BROAD AGE-GROUPS AND TYPE OF ACTIVITY

Fly-leaf

I. This table gives the type of activities of non­ when the figures of non-workers are more than 50 per workers. Npn-workers are classified into 8 categories cent of the total population. which are given in fly-leaf to table B-1. It is the first 2. The excess of student population in the age-group time in the history of Indian Census that ,information 0-14 of this table over the literates in the age-grouF on the activities of non-workers are collected and 5-14 of Table C-III of this volume is due to the student tabulated. Any study of workers and non-workers is population in the lower standards of the primary schools, likely to be incomplete without getting detailed data nursery schools and kintergarten schools who do not on the type of activities of non-workers, especially know how to read and write with understanding.

133

10614198-B B.IX PERSONS ~OT AT ~ORK CLASMFIED BY SEX,

Dependents, infants Total non-working populatIOn Full-time studcmts Household duties and disabled ,--~ ,..------A-----") ~ge-group P M F M F M F M F I I 8 .. 5 6 7 8 9 10

Q.UILON

Total 1,309,878 527,469 782,409 258,619 207,191 305,948 243,648 260.908

0-14 843,662 427,890 415,772 211,619 181,956 6,659 215,662 226,817 ~ 15-34 280,872 79,336 201,536 46,973 25,208 161,016 14,769 9,514

35-59 129,287 7,746 121,541 9 2 115,551 3,689 4,844

60+ 55,817 12,423 43,394 22,637 9,475 19,678 Age not stated 240 74 166 18 25 85 53 55

Q.UlLON

Total 1,210,338 486,543 723,795 239,429 191,704 282,509 225,676 242,327 {}-14 784,047 397,584 386,463 197,207 169,066 6,189 199,850 210,891 15-34 256,202 71,159 185,043 42,195 22,612 148,749 13,724 8,592 35-59 118,417 6,594 111,823 9 2 106,513 3,325 4,385 60+ 51,434 11,132 40,302 20,974 8,724 18,404 Age not stated 238 74 164 18 24 84 53 55

Q,UlLON

Total 99,540 40,926 58,614 19,190 15,487 23,439 17,972 18,581 0-14 59,615 30,306 29,309 14,412 12,890 470 15.R12 15,926 15-34 24,670 8,177 16,493 4,778 2,596 12,267 I,W5 922 35-59 10,870 1,152 9,718 9,038 364 459 60+ 4,383 1,291 3,092 1,663 751 1,274 Age not stated 2 2 1

PATHANAMTHITIA

Tots) 239,951 90,228 149,723 46,778 42,049 63,465 40,516 42,492 0-14- 146,291 73,941 72,350 37,592 35,431 330 36,274 36,551 15-34 57,667 13,385 44,282 9,175 6,613 35,157 2,092 1,197 35-59 25,434 694 24,740 2 1 23,815 433 754 60+ 10,492 2,182 8,310 4,142 1,701 3,974 Age not stated 67 21) 41 9 4- 21 16 Hi

KUNNATHUR

Total 153,838 61,230 92,608 39,468 25,726 34,534 19,968 31,534 0-14 100,258 50,704 49,554 34~006 22,679 16,651 26,834 15-34 32,464 8,706 23,758 5,t61 3.046 18,993 1,770 1,085 '35-59 14,213 475 13,738 1 13,056 332 606 ~+ 6,891 1,342 5,549 2,479 1,213 3,007 .Age not stated 12 3 9 6 2 2

134 B.ROAD AGE-GROUPS AND TYPE OF ACTIVITY

Inmates of penal, Persons seeking Persons employed before, Retired, rentier or mental and chari- employment for but now out of employ- independent means Beggars, vagrants etc. table institutions the first time ment and seek;ng work --'----....., ,...--.--A------, M F M F M F M F M F Age groull 11 12 13 14- 15 16 17 18 19 20

DISTRICT

3,984 1,587 2,375 1,293 88 54 14,967 5,014 3,788 414 Total 1 1 346 222 10 13 241 103 11 1 0-14 280 200 887 338 31 28 14,330 4,889 2,066 343 15-34 1,365 645 679 401 35 9 391 22 1,578 67 35-59 2,337 740 461 332 12 " 5 133 3 60+ 1 1 2 Age not stated

DISTRICT-RURAL

3,158 1,272 2,187 1,200 38 17 12,977 4,457 3,078 309 Total 1 293 21 I 4- 218 103 11 1 0-14 255 159 829 309 13 11 12,437 4,337 1,706 274 15-34 1,037 494 625 374- 19 5 318 17 1,261 33 35-59 1.864 617 438 306 2 4 100 60+ 2 Age not stated

DISTRICT-URBAN 826 315 188 '3 50 37 1,990 557 710 105 Total 53 11 6 12 23 0-14 25 41 58 29 18 17 1,893 552 360 69 15-34 328 151 54 21 16 4- 73 5 317 34 35-59 473 123 23 26 10 4- 33 2 60+ Age not stated

TALUK-R~AL

554 280 363 221 5 2 1,871 1,158 HI 49 Total .51 36 3 17 2 3 0-14 27 46 131 66 2 1,848 1,153 112 48 15-34- 124 94 104 72 6 3 24 33-59 -102 140 ' 76 54 2 60+ J Age not ;.tated

TALUK-RURAL

120 47 316 191 4 1 1,267 551 87 17 Total 47 41 0-14 8 3 155 64 1 1,245 551 66 16 15-34 32 15 64 59 3 22 21 1 35-59 80 29 49 34 60+ 1 Age not snted

135 10614198-B B-IX PERSONS NOT AT WORK CLASSIFIED BY SEX,

Dependents, infants Total non.working population Full·time students Household duties and disabled ~ ,.------J'------. Age·group P M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

KARUNAGAPALLY

'Total 173,469 73,365 100,104 32,116 24,015 37,938 36,482 37,212 0-14 113,791 58,343 55,448 26,737 21,624- 1,387 31,524 32,387 15-34 35,089 10,946 24,143 5,379 2,388 19,885 2,387 1,270 35-59 17,021 2,004 15,017 14,033 911 827 60+ 7,548 2,067 5,481 2,626 1,655 2,723 Age not stated 20 5 15 3 7 5 5

QUILON

Total 249,886 106,531 143,355 ",114 38,ISO 52,643 49,962 50,766 0-14 163,680 83,301 80,379 39,235 33,711 1,621 43,936 44,944 15-34 48,990 17,726 31,264 9,867 4,430 24,236 2,889 1,488 35-59 25,239 2,391 22,848 4- 1 21,577 1,026 985 60+ 11,892 3,080 8,812 5,184 2,087 3,331 Age not stated 85 33 52 8 B 25 24 18

KO'ITARAKARA Total 223,776 88,827 134,949 42,514 36,892 52,967 43,910 44,070 0-14 147,834 74,589 73,245 34,755 33,310 1,661 39,742 38,240 15-34 46,096 12,419 33,677 7,758 3,577 27,187 2,696 2,176 35-59 21,218 531 20,687 I 19,955 365 623 60+ 8,599 1,288 7,311 4,147 1,107 3,024 Age not stated 29 29 5 17 7

PATHANAPURAM Total 169,418 66,362 103,056 29,439 24,872 40,962 34,838 36,253 0-14 112,193 56,706 55,487 24,882 22,311 1,190 31,723 31,935 15-34- 35,896 7,977 27,919 4,555 2,558 23,291 1,890 1,376 35-59 15,292 499 14,793 1 14,077 258 590 60+ 6,012 1,173 4,839 2,396 961 2,345 Age not_stated 25 7 18 3 8 6 7

1~6 BROAD AGE-GROUPS AND TYPE OF ACTIVlTY--concld.

Inmates of penal, :persons seeking Persons employed before, Retired, rentier or mental and chari- employment for but now out of employ- independent means Beggars, vagrants etC. table institutions the first time ment seeking work ,---~ M F M F M F M F M F Age-group

1\ 12 13 1~ 15 16 17 Hl 19 20

TALUK--RURAL 510 164, 5lf 222 7 3 2,477 503 1,259 47 Total 1 55 41 26 8 0-14 60 20 170 46 1 2,341 491 608 42 15-34 197 73 170 73 5 2 110 4- 611 5 35-59 253 70 119 62 40 60+ Age not stated

TALUK-RURAL 1,519 488 4f2 191 , 7 4,231 !NI2 1,254: 128 Total 4-3 36 83 66 4- 1 0-14 134- 50 153 38 5 5 3,991 908 687 109 15-34 550 201 144- 57 3 2 153 8 511 17 35-59 834- 236 102 60 4 52 60+ Age not stated

TALUK-RURAL 208 168 207 131 13 i,849 G86 126 35 Total 30 14- 59 20 3 0-14 8 13 78 27 6 1,776 665 97 32 15-34 49 67 71 38 7 14 24 3 35-59 151 88 28 52 2 60+ Age not stated

TALUK-RtJRAL 247 125 345 23G 4 1,282 577 211 33 Total 67 4-3 1 33 7 0-14 18 27 '. 142 68 3 1,236 569 136 27 15-34 85 44- 72 75 13 70 6 35-59 144- 54, 64- H 4- 60+ Age not stated

131

B-X SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS (i) ENGAGED NEITHER. IN CULTIVATION NOR HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY (ii) ENGAGED EITHER IN CULTIVATION OR HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY BUT NOT IN BOTH AND (iii) ENGAGED BOTH IN CULTIVATION AND HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY FOR ALL AREAS

Fly-leaf

All the household economic tables presented in (ii) Households engaged in cultivation only (iii) House­ this part are prepared from 20% sample o~ household holds engaged in household industry only and schedules. This table shows the number of households (iv) Households engaged in both cultivation and house­ in the 4 categories viz., (i) Households engaged hold industry for the total, rural and urban areas of neither in. cultivation nor in household industry the district and for the rural areas of taluks.

139 B-X SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS (i) ENGAGED NEITHER IN CULTIVATION NOR HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY (ll) ENGAGED EITHER IN CULTIVATION OR HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY BUT NOT IN BOTH AND (iii) ENGAGED BOTH IN CULTIVATION AND HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY FOR ALL AREAS

(BASED ON 20% SAMPLE)

Households Households engaged neIther Households engaged bot! Total in cultlVatlOn Households engaged m in cultivation Rural Total number nor house- engaged III household mdustry and household DistrictfTaluk Urban of households hold industry cultlVation only only indu&try

2 3 4 5 6 7

QUILON DISTRICT T 67,328 23,431 39,370 2,731 1,796 R 62,770 19,650 38,688 2,652 1,780 U 4,558 3,781 682 79 16

Pathanamthitta taluk R 11,700 2,592 8,891 85 132 Kunnathur R 8,588 1,373 6,936 77 202 Karunagapally R 9,304 3,862 2,876 1,796 770 Quilon R 12,901 7,228 4,845 538 290 R 11,393 Kottarakara " 2,178 8,905 87 223 Pathanapuram R 8,884 2,417 6,235 69 163

140 B-XI SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION CLASSIFIED BY INTEREST IN LAND AND SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

Fly-leaf

This table gives a cross classification of the culti­ ment and partly from private persons for payment in vating households consisting of households engaged in money, kind or share. The size of holdings is grouped cultivation only and households engaged in both culti­ under less than I acre, 1.0-2.4 acres, 2.5-4.9 acres, vation and household industry by the inter~st in land 5.0-7.4 acres, 7.5-9.9 acres, lO. 0-12.4 acres, and the size of land cultivated. The interf'st in land 12.5-14.9 acres, 15.0-29.9 acres, 30.0-49.9 acres is classified into: (a) owned or held from Government 50+acres and size unspecified. The table is prepared (b) held from private persons or institutions for payment for the rural and urban areas of the district and for in money, kind or share or (c) partly held from Govern- the rural areas of taluks.

141 B-XI SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION CLASSIFIED BY INTEREST IN LAND AND SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

(BASED ON 20% SAMPLE)

Households engaged in cultivation by size ofland in acres ."--- No. of cultivating Less than 1.0- 2.5- 5.0- 7 .5- 10.0- 12.5- 15.0- 30.0- Unspeci- Interest in land households 1 2.4 4.9 7.4 9.9 12.4 14.9 29.9 49.9 50+ fic4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Q.UILON DISTRICT-RURAL Total 40,468 23,544 11,998 3,673 804 225 97 39 47 11 2 28 (a) 34,271 20,826 9,738 2,769 616 158 73 25 32 7 1 26 (b) 2,279 1,485 635 122 23 4 2 2 .. 2 (c) 3,918 1,233 1,625 782 165 63 22 12 11 4 1

Q.UILON DISTRICT-URBAN Total 698 525 121 33 6 6 .. 1 1 1 (a) 630 483 100 30 5 6 3 1 1 1 (b) 23 18 4 1 (c) 45 24 17 3 1

PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK-RURAL Total 9,023 5,008 2,920 842 184 32 21 4 6 , la) 8,031 4,514 2,569 725 163 26 19 4 5 6 b) 411 269 119 16 5 1 1 (c) 581 225 232 101 16 5 I

KUNNATHUR TALUK-RURAL Total 7,138 4,174 2,113 651 125 43 13 8 5 4 1 1 (a) 6,222 3,810 1,774 494 93 33 7 4 4 2 1 (b) 200 146 50 2 1 1 (c) 716 218 289 155 31 10 6 3 2

KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL Total 3,646 2,775 620 173 46 12 8 5 4 2 1 (a) 3,087 2,431 462 137 37 8 4 2 3 2 1 (b) 185 163 19 3 (c) 374 181 139 33 9 4 4 3

QUILON TALUK-RURAL Total 5,135 3,560 1,196 286 57 20 .. 2 S 1 6 (a) 4,424 3,153 989 217 41 13 3 ,2 6 (b) 256 213 35 5 I 1 1 (c) 455 194 172 64 15 7 1

KOTTARAKARA TALUK-RURAL Total 9,128 4,635 3,061 1,036 250 71 35 12 18 2 1 7 (a) 7,707 4,219 2,450 752 179 49 28 9 11 2 1 7 (b) 217 138 61 14 3 .. 1 (c) 1,204 278 550 270 68 22 6 3 7

PATHANAPURAM TALUK-RURAL Total 6,398 3,392 2,088 685 142 47 16 8 11 2 7 (a) 4,800 2,699 1,494 444. 103 29 12 6 7 5 (b) 1,010 556 351 82 . 13 3 3 2 (c) 588 137 243 159 ' 26 15 4 2 1

(a) Owned or held from Government (b) Held from private persons or institutions for payment In money, kind or share (c) PartIy held from Government and partly from private persons for payment In money, kind or share

142 B-XI1 SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION ONLY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED AND NUMBER OF FAMILY WORKERS AND lURED WORKERS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

Fly-leaf

This table shows the classification of households unspecified. In the case of households where more engaged in cultivation only according to the number than 1 person is working, the number of family workers of persons engaged in cultivation by the siz~ of holding and hired workers have been shown separately. The groups in acres. The number of persons engaged in table is prepared for the rural and urban areas of the cultivation!are grouped under 1 person, 2 persons, district and for the rural areas of taluks. 3·5 persons, 6-10 persons, more than 10 persons and

143 B-XU SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION ONLY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF RURAL AND URBAN

(BASED ON

Cultlvating households accordmg Total of cultivating households I person 2 persons ...... Family workers FamIly workers Family workers Size ofl.J.nd House- r---~ Hired House- ,----'---...... House- ,----'---...... HIred House (Class range5 11l acres) holds M F workers holds M F holds M F workers holds

2 3 4: 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13

QUILON All sizes 38,688 44,315 7,973 5,103 27,057 24,035 3,022 7,925 12,202 2,879 769 3,416 Less than 1 22,093 22,675 4,828 788 17,438 15,147 2,291 3,618 5,268 1,715 253 989 1.0- 2.4 11,721 14,687 2,315 1,279 7,389 6,786 603 2,932 4,683 902 279 1,325 2.5-- ;I 9 3,629 5,128 638 1,631 1,756 1,665 91 1,069 1,749 228 161 725 5.0- 7.4 802 1,188 127 804 324 303 21 209 347 22 49 225 7.5-- 9.9 221 324 29 230 73 67 6 48 75 6 15 87 10.0-12.4 97 135 13 131 32 27 5 24 41 3 4 32 12.5-14.9 39 52 9 92 10 8 2 10 16 1 3 12 15.0-29.9 45 74 6 112 12 11 1 6 9' 3 16 30.0-49.9 11 17 3 31 4 4 1 1 1 2 50+ 2 4 2 1 2 1 Unspecified 28 31 5 3 19 17 2 7 11 2 1 2

QUILON All sizes 682 689 80 307 558 498 60 73 106 7 33 35 Less than 1 516 494 62 60 457 408 49 42 60 5 19 13 1.0 -2.4 114 119 14 61 79 68 11 19 29 1 8 12 2.5- ~9 33 48 82 17 17 6 8 4 6 5.0- 7.4 6 9 7 1 1 3 6 2 7.5- 9.9 6 7 .. 18 2 2 2 2 2 10.0-12.4 4 9 3 4 1 1 2 12.5-14.9 1 1 1 1 .. ., 30.0-49.9 1 1 ., 1 1 50+ I I 75

PATHANAMTHITTA

All sizes 8,891 10,304 1,194 288 6,668 6,094 574 1,728 2,929 424 103 484 Less than 1 4,905 5,198 711 38 4,010 3,596 414 765 1,256 246 28 128 1.0- 2.4 2,895 3,605 372 93 2,005 1,876 129 612 1,157 145 42 217 2.5- 4.9 839 1,143 82 86 513 493 20 223 $95 28 23 100 5.0- 7.4 184 270 23 23 103 96 7 50 90 4 6 29 7.5- 9.9 31 44 .. 25 15 15 9 '16 2 6 10.0-12.4 21 25 3 9 II 9 2 8 13 2 2 12.5-14.9 4 4 10 3 3 .. 6 9 I 4 3 2 1 2 15.0-29.9 , Unspecified 6 6 2 5 4 1

KUNNATHUR All sizes 6,936 8,286 2,616 1,209 3,816 3,340 476 1,942 2,592 1,128 164 1,092 Less than 1 4,029 4,256 1,546 76 2,643 2,251 392 1,046 1,312 737 43 330 1.0- 2.4 2,066 2,767 799 321 936 863 73 670 950 316 74 443 2.5- 4.9 642 973 223 456 196 186 10 190 276 66 38 224 5.0- 7.4 124 182 33 172 27 27 24 36 5 7 59 7.5- 9.9 43 62 10 68 8 7 7 10 3 1 24 10.0-12.4 13 17 I 34 2 2 1 2 7 12.5-14.9 8 II 4 26 2 2 I I .. 4 15.0-29.9 5 9 38 .. .. I I I I 30.0--49.9 4 5 18 2 2 .. 50+ I 2 I 2 UnspecIfied I 2 I 2

144 LAND CULTIVATED AND NUMBER OF FAMILY WORKERS AND HIRED WORKAS IN AREAS SEPARATELY

20% SAIIl'LE) to number of persons engaged in cultivation 3 -5 persons 6-10 persons More than 10 persons Unspecified Family workers Family workers Fanuly workers Family workers ~ HU'ed House- r--~ Hll"ed House- ,-----A------, Hired House- ~ Hired M F workers holda M F' workers holds M F workers holds M F workers 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

DISTRICT-RURAL 7,534 1,908 2,064 229 465 155 919 57 79 9 1,349 4 2 2,166 772 303 36 86 48 102 9 8 2 128 3 2 3,078 762 580 67 132 47 262 7 8 1 158 1 1,573 279 644 60 110 35 251 19 31 5 575 449 63 285 34 78 21 133 10 11 337 163 16 ISO 11 15 62 2 4 1 23 53 3 62 6 9 2 29 3 5 36 16 6 26 4 8 21 3 4 42 28 4 '28 8 20 1 41 3 6 40 3 2 2 3 7 1 18 1 2 10 2 2 3 1 2

DISTRICT-URBAN 62 10 45 9 15 2 47 7 8 1 182 22 7 II 3 3 15 I I 15 17 2 22 3 4- 21 1 1 10 16 4 1 3 4 3 4 70 2 7 . , .. .. 2 4 1 12 5 3 2 3

75

TALUK-RURAL 1,241 lli6 149 9 37 10 11 2 3 25 338 47 10 2 8 4 565 98 51 1 7 247 31 55 3 8 3 8 73 9 17 2 11 3 11 8 2 15 3 7 10 2 . i 3 3 2

TALUK..... RURAL 2,165 934 636 15 169 12 257 10 20 6 151 1 1 663 390 32 9 30 27 1 1 909 393 192 16 44 16 44 1 1 1 11 446 124 242 28 55 19 104 4 10 4- 72 91 19 106 14- 28 '9 59 39 5 39 3 4 20 2 8 9 17 3 4- 17 7 3 6 1 1 20 1 2 3 5 2 4- 30 1 8 1 2 10

145 10614198-B 8-XI1 SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION ONLY CLASSIFmD BY SIZE OF RURAL AND URBAN

(BASED ON Cultivating households accordmg

Total of cultivating households I person 2 persons Family workers Family workers Family workers Size of land House- r----.A..--., Hired House- ~ House-~ Hired House- (Class ranges in acres) holds M F workers holds M F holds M F workers holds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

KARUNAGAPALLY

All sizes 2,876 3,185 517 1,457 1,949 1,722 227 553 798 172 136 296 Less than 1 2,060 2,143 384 269 1,567 1,373 194 354 500 131 77 130 1.0- 2,4 577 715 95 346 303 278 25 150 221 35 44 100 2.5- 4.9 163 222 28 397 56 48 8 38 59 5 12 46 5.0- 7,4 46 61 4 361 17 17 6 9 1 2 8 7.5- 9.9 11 12 2 15 4 4 2 4 .. <4- 10.0-12,4 8 11 1 21 1 1 2 3 1 4- 12.5-14.9 5 9 21 1 1 1 2 1 15.0-29.9 3 6 20 1 30.0---49.9 2 5 3 5 I Unspecified 1 I 2 1

QUILON

All sizes 4,845 5,206 748 1,070 3,719 3,297 422 730 1,143 192 125 335 Less than 1 3,336 3,295 524 356 2,816 2,479 337 378 556 131 69 121 1.0- 2,4 1,135 1,373 167 252 745 667 78 250 418 45 37 125 2.5- 4.9 283 399 43 359 126 122 4 80 132 14 14 63 5.0- 7,4 56 90 10 72 16 15 I 16 28 1 3 16 7.5- 9.9 19 32 1 21 6 5 1 3 4 2 8 10.0-12,4 4 4- 1 3 3 I 1 12.5-14.9 2 2 3 1 15.0-~9.9 3 5 7 2 30.0---49.9 1 1 1 1 Unspecified 6 7 5 5 2

KO'ITARAKARA

All sizes 8,905 10,193 1,509 540 6,596 5~745 851 1,623 2,726 422 98 659 Less than 1 4,492 4,498 901 21 3,769 3,170 599 562 906 202 16 159 1.0- 2,4 2,994 3,676 432 126 2,114 1,917 197 638 .,102 152 22 233 2.5- 4.9 1,024 1,430 127 160 551 512 39 g14 540 58 30 156 5.0- 7.4- 250 376 32 102 112 103 9 68 112 8 16 67\ 7.5- 9.9 71 100 10 47 26 22 4- 20 31 2 7 23 10.0-12.4 35 50 4 43 12 10 2 8 16 12 12.5-14.9 12 20 1 16 7 11 3 3 15.0-29.9 17 32 1 21 6 6 3 4 2 5 30 .0---49.9 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 50+ ,3 Unspecified 7 7 1 5 <4- 2

PATHANAPURAM

All sizes 6,235 7,141 1,389 539 4,309 3,837 472 1,349 2,014 541 143 sse Less than 1 3,271 3,285 762 28 2,633 2,278 355 513 738 268 20 121 1.0- 2,4 2,054 2,551 450 141 1,286 1,185 101 552 835 209 60 207 2.5- 4.9 678 961 135 173 314 304 10 224 347 57 44 136 5.0- 7.4 142 209 25 74 49 45 4 45 72 3 15 46 7.5- 9.9 46 74 6 54 14 14 7 10 1 3 22 10.0-12,4 16 28 3 24 3 2 4 6 I 1 7 12.5-14.9 8 8 2 16 3 2 1 2 3 15.0-29.9 11 13 4- 22 3 :3 7 30.0---49.9 2 4 7 - - ... 1 7 8 2 4- 4- :3 4 2 ... Unspecified - 146 LAND CULTlVATED AND NUMBER OF FAMILY WORKERS AND HIR.ED WORURS IN AREAS SEPARATELY-concld.

20 %SAMPLE) to number of persons engaged in cultivation

3-5 persons 6-10 persona More than 10 persons Unspecified Family work Family workers Family workers Family workers ,------"----- Hired House-~ Hired House-~ Hired House- ,-----'------., Hired M F workers holds M ,F workers holds M F workers holds M F workers 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24- 25 26 27 28

TALUK-RURAL 548 102 386 52 83 16 254 26 34 681 257 56 132 7 11 3 30 2 2 30 184 29 136 21 29 6 104 3 3 62 81 12 73 13 20 3 64 10 14- 248 12 .. 19 7 14 3 33 8 9 307 3 2 10 1 1 5 .. 5 1 8 .. 1 2 12 1 4 3 5 1 2 12 2 .. 2 2 .. 8 1 2 10 2 2 3 I 5 I 2

TALUK-RURAL 683 122 345 48 71 10 246 12 12 2 353 1 1 236 51 116 13 18 3 72 7 6 2 98 1 1 267 43 127 14- 20 1 73 1 1 15 125 22 73 12 17 3 62 2 3 210 34 5 15 6 11 3 24 2 2 30 70 9 2 3 10 3 2 2 5

TALUK-RURAL 1,667 216 283 23 51 19 90 3 4 1 69 1 416 94 5 2 6 6 641 74 35 7 15 9 24 1 45 374 27 107 2 2 2 13 2 10 152 15 74 3 9 12 44 4 27 2 3 13 20 1 21 2 3 8 14 5 1 5 2 4 .. 8 13 7 3 9 1 12 . , 2 2

T ALUK-RURAL 1,230 348 265 22 54 28 61 4 6 70 1 256 134 8 3 13 5 .. .. 512 125 39 8 17 15 17 1 2 25 300 63 94 2 8 5 .. 2 2 35 87 15 54 2 5 3 5 46 5 37 3 4 14 .. 16 1 9 1 2 4- 2 10 3 1 8 1 1 8 9 4 14 1 1 8 1 2 1 3 5

147 lO614198-B B-xm SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED LEO~H IN ('ULTIVA~ION AND HOL8EHOID INDUSTRY SHOWING SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED CLASSIFmD BY PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

Fly-leaf

1. This table shows the distribution of households 2. The major groups of household industry having engaged in both cultivation and household industry less than 10% of the figures of the respective divisions by the size of land cultivated. The household indus­ are not given in this table. A mark of asterisk (*) is tries are classified according to divisions and major given on such divisions and the figures of those major groups of Indian Standard Industrial Classification groups are shown in the appendix to this table. (I.S.I.C.) The table is prepared for rural and urban areas of the district.

148 :O-XIll SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD.S ENGAGED BOTH IN CULTIVATlON AND HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY SHOWING SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED CLASSIFmD BY PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

(BASED ON 20% SAMPLE)

N umber of households by SIze III acres of land cultIvated Household InJustry Total Code No. of (DiviSIon and Major group number of Less 1 .0- 2.5- 5.0- 7 . 5- 10 . 0- 12. 5- 15. 0- 30.0- 50 + Un­ I S.LC. only of l.S.I.C.) . households than 1 :2.4 4.9 7.4 9.9 12.4 14.9 29.9 ·1,9.9 speci­ fied 1 I s 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Q.UILON DISTRICT-RURAL All Divisions All Industries 1,780 1,451 277 44 2 4 2 Division 0 Agnculture, Live-.tock, "Forestry, FIshmg and Hunting 32 21 7 3 Major group 00 FIeld produce and Plantation Crops 18 14 2 04 LIVe-stock and Huntmg 14 7 5 2 • Division" 2&3 Manufacturing 1,748 1,1:30 270 41 2 3 2 Major group 23 Textile-Cotton 257 164 82 11

OJ 27 Textile-Miscellaneous 586 514 63 7 1 28 Manufacture of wood and " wooden products 507 449 52 6

Q.UILON DISTRICT-URBAN ;.~ AU Divisions All Industries 16 9 7 Division 0 Agriculture, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Major group 00 Field produce and Plantation crops "'Division 2&3 Manufacturing 15 9 6 Major group 20 Foodstuffs 3 2 23 TextIle--Cotton 2 2 27 Textile-Miscellaneous 6 3 " 3

APPENDIX

Major groups of Household Industry which are less than 10 per cent of the respective division have not been shown in the main table which shows such divisions by an asterisk. Major groups thus dropped from the main table are given run on in this Appendix. The figure preceding the bracl;et represents the code number of the major group dropped from the table. Alphabets given in brackets are abbreviations meant for different ranges of holding in acres as explained below. The numerical figure given after the alphabet denotes the number of households in that particular range indIcated by that alphabet.

Abbreviation Class ranges qf land In acres Abbreviation Class ranges 0./ land in ures A means Less than acre G means 12--5 - 14.9 acres B 1.0 - 2.4 acres H 15.0 - 29.9 4.9 I C " 2.5 - " 30.0 - 49.9 D S.O - 7.4 J " 50 + " " 9.9 " K " B " 7.5 - " .. Unspecified F " lO.O - 12.4 " The list of major groups dropped from the main table is given below:­ RURAL 20 (A-60, B-18, C-S, D-I, E-l, H-2); 21 (A-3, B-2); 22 (A-43, B-IO, C-3); 30 (B-2), 31 (A-3); 32 (C-l); 33 (A-7, B-S, C-3); S-4- 35 (A-oi4,B-II,C-3,E-l); 36 (A-97,B-19,C-I); 38 (A-I); 39 (A-35, B-6,C-l). URBAN 22 (B-1); 3I(A-I), 33 (B-1); 34 - 35 (A-I)

149 106\4198-B B-XIV SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED ONLY IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN ALL AREAS

Fly-leaf

1. This table prepared in two parts gives the classi­ 2. In Table B-XIV Part-A major groups of house­ ficati n of households engaged only in household hold industry having less than 10% of the figures of the industry by divisions, major groups and minor groups respective divisions are not given in the table. A mark of I.S.I.O. for total, rural and urban areas of the of asterisk (*) is given on such divisions and the figures district. Part A of the table shows for each division of those major groups are shown in the appendix to and major group of I.S.I.O. the number of households this table. according to the number of persons engaged in house­ hold industry. The number of persons engaged in 3. Part B of the table gives the number of households household industry are grouped under I person, engaged only in household industry by each minor 2 persons, 3-5 pel sons, 6-10 persons and more than group of I.S.I.O. 10 persons.

150 B-XIV SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED ONLY IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN ALL AREAS

Part-A Household. classified by Major groups of Principal Household Industry and nUDlber of persons engaged

(BASED ON 20% SAMPLE)

Households engaged in household mdustry according to the number of persons engaged Household IndustI) Tot8l Total ,- " - Code No. of (DivIsion and major group Rural number of 2 J-J 6-10 More than I.S.I.C. only ofI.S.I.C.) -Urban households Unspeci. person persons persons persons 10 per50ns fied 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 QUILON DISTRICT

All Divisions All Industries T 2,731 1,195 805 582 109 40 R 2',652 1,165 789 556 103 39 U 79 30 16 26 6 1 DivIsion 0 Agrlculture, L,ve-stock, T 30 IS 2 1'3 Forestry, Fishmg and R 26 12 2 12 Hunting U 4 3 1 Major group 00 FIeld produce and Planta- T 20 9 2 9 tlOn crops R 18 7 2 9 U 2 2

Major group 04 LIve-stock and Huntmg T 10 6 -1, R 8 5 3 U 2

-Division 2&3 Manufacturing T 2,701 1,180 803 569 109 -10 R 2,626 1,153 787 544 103 39 U 75 27 16 25 6

Major group 27 Textile-miscellaneous T 1,538 610 422 372 94 40 R 1,514 602 420 363 90 39 U 24 8 2 9 4 1 Major group 28 Manufacture ofwood and T 537 296 169 70 2 wooden products R 534 295 167 70 2 U 3 2

APPENDIX

Major groups.of Household Industry which are less than 10 The list of major groups dropped from the main table is given per cent of the resPective division have not been shown in the below: main table, which shows such divisions by an asterisk. Major groups thus drOPPed from the main table are given run on in this TOTAL-20 (A-22, B-46, C-18, D-3); 21 (A-2, B-1); 22 (A-2 5, B-IO Appendix. The figure preceding the bracket represents code C-2); 23 (A-132, B-81, C-53, D-3); 24 (B-3, C-7)! number of the major group dropped from the table. Alphabets 30 (C-l); 31 (A-I); 33 (A-4, B-3, C-3, D-l); 34 - 35 given in brackets are abbreviations meant for class ranges of person. (A-lO, B-19, C-20, D-3); 36 (A-55, B-36, C-14, D-3); engaged in the household indu*ry as explained below. The 38 (A-I, C-I); 39 (A-22 , B-13, C-8). numerical figure given after alphabet denotes the number of RURAL-20 (A-I9, B-40, C-I2, D-2); 21 (A-I), 22 (A-24, B-IO, households in that particular range indicated by that alphabet. C-2) ;23 (A-126, B-81, C-52, D-3). 24 (B-3, C-4); 31 (A-I); .I1bbrlviation Class range of persons 33 (A-4, B-2, C-l); 34-35 (A-IO,t B-19, C-20, D-3); 36 (A-48, B-33, C-Il, D-3); 38 (A-I, C-l); 39 (A-22, A means 1 person B-I2, C-8). B 2 persons C " 3-5 persons URBAN-20 (A-3, B-6, C-6, D-I); 21 (A-I, B-1); 22 (A-I); 23 (A-6, D " 6-10 persons C-l); 24 (C-3); 30 (C-l); 33 (B-1, C-2, D-l); 36 (A-7, B-3, E " More than 10 person. C-3); 39 (B-1). " Unspecified F " 151 10614198-B B-XIV SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED ONLY IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN ALL AREAS

Part-B Households classified by Minor groups of Principal Household Industry

(BASED ON 20% SAMPLE) Code Household Industry Number of households Code Household Industry Number of households No. of Minor group No of l\fmor group r------~-----~ I.S.I.C. (DeSCrIption) Total Rural Urban I.S.I.C. (Description) Total Rural UrbaQ 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 Q.UlLON DISTRICT

All Industries 2,731 2,652 79 284 Manufacture of other wooden products such as utensils, 006* Production of fruits and nuts toys, artwares 19 18 I in plantation, vines and 288 Manufacture of materials from orchards 20 18 cork, bamboo, cane, leaves 040 Production and rearing of live­ and other allied products 510 508 stock (large heads only) Manufacture of other wood mainly for milk and animal 289 and allied products not power such as cow, buffalo, covered above goat 10 8 2 200 Production of rice, atta, flour, 302 All other types of printing etc., by milling, dehusking mcluding lithography, and processing of crops and engraving, etching, block foodgrains 13 13 making and other work connected with printing 204 Slaughtering, preservation of industry meat and fish and canning 1 offish 2 311 Manufacture of shoes and other leather foot wear 205 ProductIOn of bread, bIscuits, cake and other bakery 335 Manufacture of medicines, products 3 3 pharmaceutical prepara­ 207 Production of edible fats and tions, perfumes, consmetics OIls (other than hydroge­ and other toilet preparations nated oil) 20 19 except soap 6 3 209 Production of other food pro­ ~36 Manufacture of soap and other ducts such as sweet-meat washing md cleaning com­ and condiments, muri, pounds 5 4 {Ilurki, chira, khoi, cocoa, 342 Manufacture of lime 9 9 Chocolate, toffee, lozenge 51 14 37 350 Manufacture of earthenware 214 Produ<;tion of aerated and and earthen pottery 43 43 mineral water 3 1 2 365 Manufacture of brass and bell­ 220 Manufacture of bidi 37 36 1 metal products 3 3 231 Cotton spinl,ling (other than in mills) 7 7 367 Manufacture of metal pro­ ducts (other than of iron, 235 Cotton weaving in handlooms 203 198 brass, bell-metal and allu­ 236 Manufacturing of khadi- minium) such as tin can 3 2 1 textile in handlooms 1 36' Manufacture of sundry hard­ 238 Manufacturing of cotton nets 58 56 2 ware:. sucn as G. I. pipe, 241 Jute spinning and weaving 9 6 3 wire net-bolt, screw, bucket, 242 Dyeing and bleaching of jute 1 1 cutlery (this will als(> in­ clude the manufacture of 27( Embroidery and making of sundry ferrous engine¢ng crepe, lace and fringes 8 8 products done by jobbing 273 Making of textile garments engineering concertls which including rain coats and cannot be classified in major heargcar 39 30 9 groups 36, 37, 38 and 39) 102 90 12 276 ~fanufacture and recovery of 384 Repairing and servicing of all types of fibres for pur­ motor vehicles poses of padding, wadding and upholstery filling 388 Repairing of bicycles and tricycles 277 Manufacture of coir and coir products 1,490 1,475 15 393 Manufacture of jewellery, Sawing and planing of wood 1 1 silverware and wares using 280 gold and other precious 281 Manufacture of wooden metals 39 38 furniture and fixtures 4 4 399 Manufacture and repair work 282 Manufacture of structural of g60ds not assignable to wooden goods (including any other group treated timber) such as 4 beanIS, posts, doors, windows 2 2

*The figures furnished against this code relate to households engaged in the production of copra. In the General Economic Table B-IV and Housing Table E-III the production of copra has been included in code number 200. 152 B-XV SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED BOTH IN CULTIVATION AND HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF LAND IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

Fly-leal

1. This table shows the classification of households workers have been given separately. The table is engaged in both cultivation and household industry prepared for the rural areas of the district and taluks by the size of land cultivated and the number of persons and the urban areas of the district. engaged in household industry. In the c~e of house­ holds where more than 1 person is engaged in house­ 2. This table shows the relationship between the hold industry the number of family workers and hired scale of household industry and the scale of cultivation.

153 B-XV SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED BOTH IN CULTIVATION AND HOUSEHOLD

(BASED ON

Total of cultivating households Cultivating which are engaged in household industry 1 person 2 persons r------"--- Family workers Family workers Family workers Size of land House- ~ Hired House- ~ House-~ Hired 'Class ranges in acres) holds M F workers holds M :F holds M F workers 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Qun.ON

\11 sizes 1,780 2,302 1,660 1,205 374 308 66 671 773 553 16 Less than 1 1,451 1,758 1,471 788 295 234 61 585 646 511 13 1.0- 2.4 277 458 168 333 67 63 4 73 107 38 1 2.5- 4.9 44 73 17 76 10 10 10 17 3 5.0- 7.4 2 4 1 4 7 5- 9.9 4 7 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 15.0-29.9 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

Qun.ON All sizes 16 22 5 28 7 7 3 5 1 Less than 1 9 11 3 19 4 4 2 3 1 1.0- 2.4 7 11 2 9 3 3 1 2 , PATHANAMTHIITA All sizes 132 187 78 13 48 43 5 46 59 30 3 Less than 1 103 143 53 5 43 38 5 36 49 21 2 1.0-- 2.4 25 40 21 7 4 4 8 8 8 2.5- 4.9 3 4 3 2 7.5- 9.9

KUNNATHUR All sizes 202 285 174 54 36 33 3 86 106 63 3 Less than 1 145 190 137 10 26 23 3 66 80 50 2 1.0- 2.4 47 78 35 17 9 9 1~ 24 13 2.5- 4.9 9 15 2 23 1 2 5.0- 7.4 2 4

KARUNAGAPALLY All sizes 770 869 1,042 328 70 28 42 341 332 344 6 Less than 1 715 776 973 208 66 26 40 333 323 337 6 1.0-- 2.4 43 75 62 . 80 1 7 9 5 2.5- 4.9 10 17 6 40 2 7.5- 9.9 1 15.0-29.9

154 INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF LAND IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

20% SAMPLE)

households engaged in household mdustry .A.._ ~ 3-5 persons 6-10 persons More than 10 persons ., ""'\ Family workers FamIly workers Family workers House- Hired H~e- Hired House- Hired holds M F workers holds M F workers holds M F workers 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 _ 20. 21 22 23 24

DISTRICT-RURAL

599 995 919 171 81 144 91 373 55 82 31 ~45

478 737 807 116 63 98 74 300 30 43 18 359 102 219 100 44 15 38 16 62 20 31 10 226 18 37 11 11 1 1 5 5 8 3 60 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 5 1 2

DISTRICT-URBAN 3 7 3 2 2 1 13 1 1 15 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 15 2 5 2 1 1 9

TALUK-RURAL 37 82 40 10 1 3 3 23 53 24- 3 3 3 13 28 13 7 3

TALUK-RURAL

73 1~8 99 15 5 15 9 8 2 3 28 51 84 79 4- 2 3 5 4 16 34 18 3 2 10 4 13 6 10 2 B 2 15 2 4-

TALUK-RURAL 322 447 605 63 21 36 39 80 16 26 12 179 291 389 562 52 17 25 30 70 8 13 4- 80 26 46 41 B 4- 11 9 10 5 9 6 62 5 12 2 3 3 .. 2 37

155 B-XV SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED BOTH IN CULTIVATION AND HOUSEhOLD

(BASED ON Total of cultivating households Cultivating which are engaged in household industry J person 2 persons Family workers Family workers Family workers Size of land House r----"------, Hired House- ~ House- ,...---"----.. Hired (Class ranges in acres) holds M F workers holds M F holds M F workers 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

QUI LON All sizes 290 401 147 772 80 75 5 61 87 33 2 Less than 1 224 292 131 560 65 61 4 47 62 30 2 1.0- 2.4 61 100 13 204 14 13 1 13 23 3 2.5- 4.9 3 5 2 8 5.0-7.4 2 7.5- 9.9 2. 1 2. - KOTTARAKARA

All sizes 223 334 90 25 92 88 4 69 105 31 2 Less than 1 J43 198 74 4 63 60 3 45 63 26 1.0- 2.4 67 112 16 15 26 25 18 31 5 2.5- 4.9 12 23 5 3 :3 5 10 15.0-29.9 1

PATHANAPURAM All siz~s 163 226 129 13 48 41 711 1'68 84 52 Less than 1 121 159 103 1 32 26 6 58 69 47 1.0- 2.4 34 53 21 10 13 12 8 12 4- 2.5- 4.9 7 9 4 3 3 2 :3 I 7.5- 9.9 5 1 2

156 INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE -tlF LAN&) IN RUAAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY--concltl.

20% SAMPLE) households engaged in household industry 3-5 persons 6-10 persons More than 10 pers"lUS

Family workers Family workers l~amily workers House- Hired HOU/le- Hired House- Hired holds M F workers holds M F workers holds M F Voorkers 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

TALUK-RURAL

64 113 61 64 49 74 29 278 36 52 19 428 49 79 54 53 41 60 29 226 22 30 14 279 13 30 5 11 8 14 52 13 20 4 141 2 2 1 8 2

TALUK-RURAL 61 140 55 18 1 1 5 S5 75 45 3 23 56 10 IS - 3 9 5 -

TALUK-RURAL 42 85 59 1 4 15 11 2 1 1 0 29 57 43 2 7 7 11 25 13 3 3 10- 2 3 3 - 5 2 ~~! !!III!

157

B-XVI SAMPLE PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY PERIOD OF WORKING AND TOTAL NUMBER OF WORKERS ] ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN ALL AREAS

Fly-leaf

1. This table shows the classification of households "without cultivation". The table is prepared for engaged in household industry by the period of working total, rural and urban areas of the district. grouped under 1-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-9 months and 10 months to 1 year. Under each of these groups 2. Major groups of household industry having less than 10% of the figures of the respective divisions have the number of households, the number of family been omitted in this table. Such divisions are marked workers by sex and the number of hired workers are with an asterisk (*) and the figures of those major given. The information is available for each of the groups are shown in the appendix to this table. divisions and major groups of principal household industry. Households engaged in household industry 3. This table furnishes valuable data. on the­ have been divided into those "with cultivation" and seasonality of various household industries.

159 B·XVI SAMPLE PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY PERIOD OF WORKING

(BASED ON

Major groups of household industry having less than 10% of the figures of the respective divisions are omitted from this table. Such

Total 1 to 3 months Total FamIly workers Family workers Household Industry Rural Home- r----~ Hired- House- ,.....----A---- Hired Code No. (Division & major group only) Urban holds M F workers holds M F workers

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q.UD.ON .All Divisions All Industries Total 4,527 3,860 5,052 2,492 207 137 226 55 (a) 1,796 2,324 1,665 1,233 95 111 94 39 (b) 2,731 1,536 3,387 1,259 112 26 132 16

Rural 4,432 3,750 4,985 2,409 204 134 225 40 (a) 1,780 2,302 1,660 1,205 93 109 94 24 (b) 2,652 1,448 "3,325 1,204 111 25 131 16 Urban 95 110 67 83 3 3 1 15 (a) 16 22 5 28 2 2 15 (b) 79 88 62 55 1 1 1

Division 0 Agriculture, Live-stock, Total 63 91 25 35 5 4 5 Forestry, Fishing & Hunting (a) 33 55 9 21 3 2 5 (b) 30 36 16 14 2 2 Rural 58 83 25 35 5 4 5 (a) 32 53 9 21 3 2 5 (b) 26 30 16 14- 2 2 Urban 5 8 (a) 2 (b) 4 6

Major group 00 Field produce and plantation Total 39 58 13 31 4 4 4 crops (a) 19 35 4 17 2 2 4 (b) 20 23 9 14 2 2 Rural 36 54 13 31 4 4 4 (a) 18 33 4 17 2 2 4 (b) 18 21 9 14 2 2 ., Urban 3 4 (a) 1 2 (b) 2 2

Major group 04 Live-stock and Hunting Total 24 33 12 4 (a) 14 20 5 4 (b) 10 13 7 Rural 22 29 12 4 (a) 14 20 5 4 (b) 8 9 7 Urban 2 4 (b) 2 4 (a) With cultivation (b) Without cultivation 160 AND TOTAL NUMBER OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY IN ALL AREAS

20% SAMPLE) divisions are marked with an asterisk (*) on their left and the figures of the major groups are given in the Appendix.

4 to 6 months 7 to 9 months 10 months to 1 year Unspecified ,------"------, r---___.A.__-_, Family workers Family workers Family workers Family workers House­ ,.----.....____,, Hired House- ~ Hired House- ~ Hired House- r---A---, Hired holds M F workers holds M F workers holds M F workers holds M F worker$.

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2,) 26 27

DISTRICT

898 725 979 297 1,143 1,012 1,357 781 2,223 1,937 2,431 1,358 56 49 59 1 411 519 389 174 5#$7 711 632 394 702 961 530 626 21 22 20 487 206 590 123 576 301 725 387 1,521 976 1,901 732 35 27 39 1 879 701 969 279 1,127 1,001 1,342 752 2,166 1,865 2,390 1,337 56 49 59 1 405 510 ' 388 174 562 705 629 381 699 956 529 626 21 22 20 474 191 581 105 565 296 713 371 1,467 909 1,861 711- 35 27 39 1 19 24 10 18 16 11 15 29 57 72 41 21 6 9 1 5 6 3 13 3 5 1 13 15 9 18 11 5 12 16 54 67 40 21

22 36 6 II 9 11 6 3 26 37 10 16 3 2 12 23 2 5 5 7 2 3 13 23 4 8 10 13 4 6 4 4 4 13 14 6 8 3 2 19 32 6 II 9 11 6 3 24 33 10 16 3 2 II 21 2 5 5 7 2. 3 13 23 4 8 8 II 4 6 4 4 4 11 10 6 8 3 2 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 4

35 6 II 5 6 4 2 9 13 3 14 11 22 2 5 2 2 5 9 2 6 10 13 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 8 18 31 ,6 11 5 6 4 2 9 13 3 14 10 20 2 5 1 2 2 5 9 2 6 8 11 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 8 3 4 1 2 2 2

4 5 2 17 24 7 2 3 2 4 5 2 8 14 2 2 9 10 5 3 2 4 5 2 15 20 7 2 3 2 4 5 2 8 14 2 2 7 6 5 3 2 2 4 2 4

161 106\4198-B B-X"l SAMPLE PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED Ii.Y PIDUOD OF WORKING

(BASED ON

Total 1 to 3 months Total Family workers Falllily workers Household Industry Rural House- ~ Hired- House- ,,--J----, Hired "':ode No. (Division & major group only) Urban holds M F workers holds M F worken 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

DIvision 2&3 Manufacturing Total 4,464 3,769 5,027 2,457 202 133 225 50 (a) 1,763 2,269 1,656 1,212 92 109 93 34 (b) 2,701 1,500 3,371 1,245 110 24 132 16 Rural 4,374 3,667 4,960 2,374 199 130 224 35 (a) 1,748 2,249 1,651 1,184 90 107 93 19 (b) 2,626 1,418 3,309 1,190 109 23 131 16 Urban 90 102 67 83 3 3 15 (a) 15 20 5 28 2 2 15 (b) 75 82 62 55

Major group 23 Textile-Cotton Total 528 645 313 90 8 14 3 (a) 259 391 103 44- 6 13 2 (b) 269 254 210 46 2 1 Rural 519 638 308 90 8 14 3 (a) 257 389 102 44- 6 13 2 (b) 262 249 206 46 2 1 1 Urban 9 7 5 (a) 2 2 1 (b) 7 • 5 4 Major group 27 Textile-miscellaneous Total 2,130 1,268 3,006 2,154- 88 31 116 32 (a) 592 668 734- 1,018 21 22 25 18 (b) l,p38 600 2,272 1,136 67 9 91 14 Rural 2,100 1,235 2,981 2,099 88 31 116 32 (a) 586 659 731 1,005 21 22 25 18 (b) 1,514 576 2,250 1,094 67 9 91 14 Urban 30 33 25 55 (a) 6 9 3 13 (b) 24 24 22 42

~Major group 28 Manufacture of Wood and Total 1,044 769 1,342 51 ,87 63 99 Wooden Products (a) 507 590 644 46 49 52 60 (b) 537 179 698 5 38 11 39 Rural 1,041 766 1,340 51 86 62 98 (a) 507 590 644 46 49 52 60 1 (b) 534 176 696 5 37 10 38 Urban 3 3 2 1 1 1 (b) 3 3 2 1 1 1

162 ". .. ~ ~ ~ ... ..,." .. AND TOTAL NVMaZR..oF WORK.BBS

20% SAMPLE)

4 to 6 months 7 to 9 months 10 months to 1 year Unspecified ---"--- ,..------"------'--. r------"--­ ,------'-----""' FamIly workers ---- FamIly workers Family workers Family workers House- r-----"----. HIred House- ~ Hired House­ ~--. HIred House- ~ HIred holds M F workers holds M F workers holds M F workers hold~ M F worke::: , 12 13 14 15 16 17 ' 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

876 689 973 286 1,134 1,001 1,351 778 2,197 1,900 2,421 1,342 55 46 57 399 496 387 169 562 704 630 391 689 938 526 618 21 22 20 477 193 586 117 572 297 721 387 1,508 962 1,895 724 34 24 37 860 669 963 268 1,118 990 1,336 749 2,142 1,832 2,380 1,321 55 46 57 394 489 386 169 557 698 627 378 686 933 525 618 21 22 20 466 180 577 99 561 292 709 371 1,456 899 1,855 703 34 24 37 16 20 10 18 16 11 15 29 55 68 41 21 5 7 J 6 3 13 3 5 1 II 13 9 18 11 5 12 16 52 63 40 2l

115 155 61 14 135 174 52 19 263 296 191 57 7 6 6 77 115 34 5 68 103 17 9 105 157 47 30 3 3 3 38 40 27 9 67 71 35 10 158 139 144 27 4 3 3 '1.13 153 61 14 133 173 50 19 258 292 188 57 7 6 6 76 114 34 5 67 102 16 9 105 157 47 30 3 3 3 37 39 27 9 66 71 34 10 153 135 141 27 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 5 4 3

5 4 3

380 204 517 201 500 313 704 707 1.142 708 1,645 1,213 20 12 24 121 137 162 1I3 135 161 167 345 309 342 375 542 6 6 5 259 67 355 88 365 152 537 362 833 366 1,270 671 14 6 19 373 194 510 188 491 306 698 683 1,128 692 1,633 1,195 20 12 24 120 135 161 113 132 158 166 332 307 338 374 542 6 6 5 253 59 349 75 359 148 532 351 821 354 1,259 653 14 6 19 7 10 7 13 9 7 6 24 14 16 12 18 1 2 '.1 3 3 1 13 2 4 I 6 8 6 13 6 4 5 II 12 12 11 18 - 266 182 340 11 424 417 541 39 254 99 344 13 8 18 130 150 160 8 322 383 417 37 6 5 7 • 136 32 180 3 102 34 124 2 254 99 344 7 3 II • 266 182 340 11 424 417 541 39 252 97 343 13 Il 18 130 150 160 8 322 383 417 37 6 5 7 136 32 180 3 102 34 124 2 252 97 343 7 11 2 2 2 2

168 106\4198-B .8-XVI SAMPLE PRINCIPAL HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY CLASSIFIED BY PERIOD OF WORKING AND TOTAL NUMBER OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN HOUSEHOLD mDUSTRY IN ~LL AREM

APPENDIX

Major groups of Household Industry whIch are less than 10 The list of major groups dropped from the mam table IS gIven per cent of the respective divisions have not been shown in the main below:- table which shows such dIVIsions by an asterisk. Major groups QUILON DISTRICT thus dropped from the main table are given run on in this Appendix. The figure preceding the bracket represents the code number of TOTAL-20 (A-lO, B-21, C-II, D-45, X-3, E-I, F-13, G-7, H-67, the major group dropped from the table. Alphabets given in Y-1); 21 (B-4, D-I, F-I, G-I, H-I); 22 (A-I, B-3, C-4, brackets are abbrevIations meant for different ranges of period of D-48, X-I, F-3, G-2, H-30, Y-2); 24 (F-I, G-7, H-2); working in the Household Industries 'wIth' or 'without' cultivation (B-1, C-I, H-I); 31 (D-4, H-I); 32 (D-I); 33 (A-I, B-5, as explained below. The numerical figure given after alphabet C-I, D-9, F-2, G-I, H-7, Y-I); 34-35 (A-2, B-22, C-Il, denotes the number of households in that particular range indicated D-35, E-I, F-Il, G-8, H-32); 36 (B-9, C-5, D-IOI, X-2, by that alphabet. F-9, G-8, H-87, Y-4); 38 (D-I, H-2); 39 (A-2, B-6, C-4, D-30, E-I, F-4, G-4, H-33, Y-I). Class range ofperiod tif AbbrevuztlOn working RURAL-20(A-8, B-20, C-lI, D-45, X-3, E-I, F-12, G-7, H-'52, t\ means with cuitlVatlOn I to 3 months Y-I); 21 (B-4, D-I, G-I); 22 (A-I, B-3, C-3, D-48, X-I, 11 4 to 6 F-3, G-2, H-29, Y-2); 24 (F-I, G-4, H-2); 30 (B-1, C-l); C 7 to 9 31 (D-3, H-I); 32 (D-I); 33 (A-I, B-4, C-I, D-9, H-6 D " 10 months to I year Y-I); 34-35 (A-2, B-21, C-11, D-35, E-I, F-II, G-B, H-32);' X Unspecified months 36 (B-9, C-5, D-IOI, X-2, F-9, G-8, H-74, Y-4); 3B (D-I, E means without cultIvation I to 3 months H-2); 39 (A-2, B-6, C-4, D-30, E-I, F-4, G-4, H-32, Y-l). F 4 to 6 " URBAN-20(A-2, B-1, F-I, H-15); 21 (F-I, H-I); 22 (C-I, H-I); G " " 7 to 9 24 (0.3); 30 (H-I); 31 (D-I); 33 (B-1, F-2, G-l, H-1;) H 10 months to I year 34-35 (B-1); 36 (H-13); 39 (H-I). v " Unspecified months "

164 B-XVII SAMPLE HOUSmOLDS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE AND PAB.TIClPATION IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION OR INDUSTRY

Dy-leaC

1. This table shows the classification of households areas of the district are given below. The total number in the 3 groups viz., (i) Households engaged neither of households is the same as that given in the Primary in cultivation nor in household industry (ii) Households Census Abstract and the total household population engaged in household industry only and (iii): Households is the total population as per P.C.A. excluding houseless engaged in cultivation, by the size of households such and institutional population. as households having single member, 2-3 members, 4-6 members, 7-9 members and 10 or more members. Total Household population Rural Number of The number of male and female members of the house­ Urban households Persons Males Females holds in each of these groups also are given. The households engaged in cultivation are further classified T 338,339 1,933,038 967,082 965,956 by the size of land cultivated. The table is prepared R 315,097 1,792,459 895,696 896,763 fo r the total, rural and urban areas of the district. U 23,242 140,579 71,386 69,193 2. The total n1,lmber of households and the total household population in the total, rural and urban

165 10614198-B B-Xvn SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE AND PARTIClPA.TION

(BASED ON Size Total number Total sample house- Single member of hold population household 2-3 members Total sample Rural house- House- House- Urban holds P M F holds M F holds M , 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II

Q,UJLON

Total 67,328 383,760 191,508 192,252 1,74:7 94:5 84n 11,335 13,894: 15,834 Rani 62,770 355,925 177,4:74 178,451 1,599 848 751 10,601 12,964 14,823 (i) Households engaged neither in cultiva- tion nor household industry 19,650 104,666 51,773 52,893 751 395 356 4,097 4,917 5,709 (U) Households engaged in household in- dustry only 2,652 15,391 7,379 8,012 40 7 33 449 515 662 (tii) Households engaged in cultivation 40,468 235,868 118,322 117,546 808 446 362 6,055 7,532 8,452 Size of holding group Less than 1 acre 23,544 128,693 63,622 65,071 573 269 304- 4,230 5,063 6,049 1.0- 2.4 acres 11,988 73,569 37,264 36,305 169 122 47 1,388 1,849 1,859 2.5- 4.9 3,673 24,557 12,676 323 443 417 " 11,881 48 39 9 5.0- 7.4 804 5,656 2,983 11 79 121 91 " 2,673 11 7.5- 9.9 ,., 225 1,666 877 789 5 4- 18 29 19 10.0-12.4 97 753 397 7 11 6 " 356 12.5-14.9 39 294 152 1 3 3 " 142 2 15.0-29.9 47 408 211 197 2 4 " 30.0-49.9 11 90 43 1 " 47 2 22 12 50+ " 10 Unspecified 28 160 85 75 5 8 6 U .... 4,558 27,835 14,034 13,801 Ita 97 51 7M 930 l.o11

166 IN HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATION OR INDUSTRY

20% SAMPLE) of sample households

4-6 members 7-9 members 10 members and over Total Rural House- House- House- Urban holds M F holds M F holds M F 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

D1STRICT

30,956 77,013 78,514 18,517 72,408 70,881 4,773 27,248 26,221 Total 29,112 72,407 73,856 17,262 67,457 66,007 4,196 23,798 23,014 Rural

(i) Househol~s engaged neither m cultiva- tion nor household 9,071 22,202 22,894 4,612 17,905 17,641 1,119 6,354 6,293 industry (ii) Households engaged in household in. 1,222 2,906 3,226 742 2,814 2,961 199 1,137 1,130 dustry only (iii) Households engaged 18,819 47,299 47,736 11,908 46,738 45,405 2,878 16,307 15,591 in cultivation Size of holding group 11,563 28,513 29,382 6,014 23,264 22,999 1,164 6,513 6,337 Less than I acre 5,433 13,944 13,765 4,016 15,834 15,266 992 5,515 5,368 1. 0- 2.4 acres 1,437 3,791 3,665 1,394 5,633 5,298 471 2,770 2,492 2.5- 4.9 " 252 669 611 316 1,307 1,187 146 875 784 5.0- 7.4 " 65 185 147 91 375 367 46 284 255 7.5- 9.9 " 27 78 66 38 160 146 25 148 138 10.0-12.4 " 14- 40 35 13 58 47 9 51 56 12.5-14.9 " 12 34- 28 16 66 57 17 107 III 15.0-29.9 " 3 6 12 4- 20 14 3 16 20 30.0-49.9 .. 5 2 7 8 50+ ,. 13 39 25 5 16 22 4 21 22 Unspecified 1.844 4,606 4,658 1,255 4,951 f,874 577 3.450 3,207 Va-baa

10614198-B O-SOOIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES

NOTE

1. Eight Tables constitute the Social and Cultural C-VIII Classification by literacy and Indus­ Tables of 1961 Census. Of these tables, Table C-I trial category of workers and has been prepared from 20 per cent sample Household non-workers among Scheduled Schedules. All the other tables are based on full count. Castes/Scheduled Tribes. The eight tables are: All the tables of this series are presented in this volume C-I Composition of sample households except C-IV and C-VI. These tables are published in "Volume VII-Kerala State-Part II C-Cultural C-II Age and Marital Status and Migration Tables". C-III Age, Sex and Education C-IV Single Year Age Returns 2. In addition to the above eight tables there are c-v Mother-tongue eight tables relating to technical personnel. They are furnished as appendices to Table C-III in 'Volume C-VI Bilingualism VII-Kerala State-Part II C-Cultural and C-VII Religion Migration Tables'.

168 OJ COMPOSITION OF SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS BY RELATIONSIDP TO HEAD OF FAMILY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED

Fly-leaf

1. This table gives the family composition of house­ given. This table will be of sociological interest indi­ holds which has been prepared on a 20 per cent sample cating the strength of the joint family system. basis from the household schedules separately for the 2. Though the above table gives only the composi­ total, rural and urban areas of the district. The tion of households, the corresponding table C-I of 1951 members in the household have been divided into two Census gives both the size and composition of households groups viz., family members and non-family members. which was based on a 0.1 per cent sample households Among the family members heads of households and prepared from the National Register of Citizens. But their spouses have been given by sex. Married in the case of Travancore-Cochin State, this table was relations have been classified into married sons, other prepared from a 4 per cent sample household~. married males and other married females. Never married, widowed and divorced or separated relations 3. In this Census the size of the households (based also have been given by sex. Similarly sex-wise figures on 20 per cent sample) has been given separately as of non-family members or unrelated members are Table B-XVII.

169 C-I OOMPOSmON OF SAMPLB HOUSEHOLDS BY RELAll0NSIIIP TO ItEAD OF

(BASED ON

Total Total No. of Total sample household population Head of households Rural sample Urban households P M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7

Qun.ON

Total 67,328 383,760 191,508 192,252 58,157 9,099

Rural 62,770 355,925 177,474 178,451 54,187 8,514

( 1) Households engaged neither in cultivation nor in household industry 19,650 104,666 51,773 52,893 16,328 3,302 ( 11) Households engaged in household industry only 2,652 15,391 7,379 8,012 2,177 474

(Ill) Households engaged in cultivation 40,468 235,868 118,322 117,546 35,682 4,738 ;.)lze of holding group Less than 1 acre 23,544 128,693 63,622 65,071 20,156 3,355 1.0- 2.4- acres 11,998 73,569 37,264 36,305 10,913 1,075 2.5- 4.9 3,673 24,557 12,676 11,881 3,443 227 " 5.0- 7.4- 804 5,656 2,983 2,673 762 41 " 7.5- 9.9 225 1,666 877 789 204 21 97 753 397 356 90 6 10.~12.4- " 12.5-14.9 39 294 152 142 33 6 " 15.0-29.9 47 408 211 197 44 3

30.0-49.9 11 90 43 47 10 " 22 12 10 2 50+ " 2 Unspecified 28 160 85 75 25 3

Urban 4,558 27,835 14,034 13,801 3,970 515

170 I'~LY CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED

20% SAMPLE) Composition of households

Spouses of Never married widowed heads of and divorced or households Married relations Separated relations Unrelated persons ,-----'------, M F Sons Other Males Other Fe$Ues M F M F

0 u 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

DISTRICT

490 51,531 6,919 5,855 16,278 118,24'7 113,924 1,840 1,420 Total 452 48,030 6,491 5,184 14,060 109,673 106,696 1,487 1,151 Rural (i) Household; engaged neither ill cultivation nor In household 212 14,425 1,411 1,711 3,769 31,728 31,086 383 311 indmtry (ii) Households engaged in house- 19 1,929 221 255 633 4,677 4,959 30 17 hold industry only 221 31,676 4,859 3,218 9,658 73,268 70,651 1,074 823 (iii) Households engaged in cultivation Size of holding group 159 17,849 2,175 1,786 4,790 39,146 38,906 200 171 Less than I acre 47 9,727 1,706 935 3,146 23,346 22,099 317 258 1. 0- 2.4 acres 8 3,065 692 349 1,223 7,895 7,174 289 192 2.5- 4 9 3 678 186 81 322 1,822 1,538 129 94 5.0- 7.4 92 530 464 58 35 7.5- 9.9 177 52 32 " 81 17 16 37 245 209 29 23 10.0-12.4 12.5-14.9 31 9 6 11 86 72 18 22 " 15.0-29.9 37 17 7 23 114 112 28 22 " 27 3 4 30.0-49.9 1 9 3 6 25 " 2 6 6 2 2 50+ " 1 22 4- 6 53 44 Unspecified

38 3,501 428 671 2,218 8,574 7,228 353 269 Urban

171 c.u AGE AND MAlUTAL STATUS

1. This table gives the sex-wise distribution of 3. The marital status groupings in 1961 Census population by age-groups and marital status for the total, and the civil condition groupings in the 1951 CenSWI rural and urban areas of the district. For rural areas, are given below:- it is presented down to taluk level. The age-groups followed in this table are 0-9, 10-14, 15-19,20-24,25-29, Marital Status 1961 Civil Condition 19511 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 1 Never married Unmarried 70+ and 'age not stated' which conform to inter­ national standards. 2 Married 2 Married 3 Widowed 3 Widowed or divorced 2. The corresponding table at the 1951 Census (Table C-III-Age and Civil Condition) was prepared 4 Divorced or separated on a 10 per cent sample unlike the present one done 5 Unspecified status on full count.

172 (}OU AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Marital status Never Divorced or Unspecified Total Total population married Married Widowed separated status Rural ,----"---, ~ ~ ~ ~ Age-group Urban P M F M F M F M F M F M F

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 fl 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Q.UILON DISTRICT

AlI as- T 1,941,228 972,657 968,571 617,068 517,167 334,041 345,203 15,804 82,277 5,739 23,923 5 1 R 1,796,992 898,746 898,246 569,041 479,091 309,424 320,835 14,838 75,691 5,439 22,628 4: 1 U 144,236 73,911 70,325 48,027 38,076 24,617 24:,368 966 6,586 300 1,295 1

:.l- 9 T 593,681 300,507 293,174 300,507 293,174 R 552,050 279,349 272,701 279,349 272,701 U 41,631 21,158 20,473 21,158 20,473

10-14 T 261,333 132,018 129,315 131,954 129,108 64 202 2 3 R 242,254 122,357 119,897 122,293 119,703 64 189 2 3 U 19,079 9,661 9,418 9,661 9,405 13

15-19 T 167,552 80,818 86,734 80,488 66,781 320 19,015 2 82 8 856 R 154,033 74,081 79,952 73,770 61,491 301 17,564 2 75 8 822 U 13,519 6,737 6,782 6,718 5,290 19 1,451 7 34

20-24 T 163,014 78,764 84,250 63,572 18,562 14,688 61,478 67 654 437 3,556 R 149,660 71,847 77,813 57,482 16,815 13,881 57,004 66 602 418 3,392 U 13,354 6,917 6,437 6,090 1,747 807 4,474 1 52 19 164

25-29 T 147,603 71,415 76,188 25,053 3,959 45,067 65,948 270 1,759 1,025 4,522 R 136,072 65,521 70,551 22,338 3,540 41,946 61,109 250 1,608 987 4,294 U 11,531 5,894 5,637 2,715 419 3,121 4,839 20 151 38 228 T 121,050 61,056 59,994 7,529 1,761 52,183 51,478 380 2,753 964 4,002 R 111,588 56,140 55,448 6,711 1,565 48,157 47,560 353 2,528 919 3,795 U 9,462 4,916 4,546 818 196 4,026 3,918 27 225 45 207

35-39 T 115,787 59,974 55,813 3,019 1,157 55,486 46,241 641 4,772 828 3,643 R 106,629 55,002 51,627 2,673 1,033 50,945 42,822 599 4,352 785 3,420 U 9,158 4,972 4,186 346 124 4,541 3,419 42 420 43 223 T 79,645 40,791 38,854 1,456 776 38,027 29,735 770 5,936 538 2,407 R 73,387 37,388 35,999 1,275 672 34,891 27,694 713 5,368 509 2,265 U 6,258 3,403 2,855 181 104 3,136 2,041 57 568 29 142 45-49 IT 80,376 41,396 38,980 1,240 604 38,343 27,427 1,280 8,946 533 2,003 R 74,348 38,206 36,142 1,114 518 35,404 25,614 1,194 8,135 494 1,875 U 6,028 3,190 2,838 126 86 2,939 1,813 86 811 39 128

50-54 T 58,064 29,479 28,585 754 429 26,827 17,262 1,495 9,773 403 1,121 R 53,788 27,216 26,572 680 330 24,778 16,208 1,393 8,984 365 1,050 U 4,276 2,263 2,013 74 99 2,049 1,054 102 789 38 71

55-59 T' ~1,469 26,137 25,332 584 313 23,345 12,788 1,904 11,340 304 891 R 47,923 24,329 23,594 535 262 21,703 12,090 1,805 10,406 286 836 U 3,546 1,608 1,738 49 51 1,642 .98 99 934 18 55

60-64 T 37,563 ,18,887 18,676 353 193 16,117 6,928 2,148 11,091 269 464 R 34,976 '17,646 17,330 310 160 15,072 6,586 2,013 10,148 251 436 U 2,587 1,241 1,346 43 33 1,045 342 135 943 18 28

65-69 T 25,917 12,874 13,043 212 98 10,583 3,976 1,912 8,733 167 236 R 24,386 12,174 12,212 192 81 10,021 3,792 1,799 8,111 162 228 U 1,531 700 831 20 17 562 184 1I3 622 5 8 70+ T 37,760 18,344- 19,416 248 159 12,905 2,626 4,932 16,420 259 211 R 35,491 17,297 18,194 222 129 12,176 2,505 4,648 15,356 251 204 U 2,269 1,047 1,222 26 30 729 121 284 1,064 8 7 Age not T 414 197 217 99 93 86 99 S 16 4 8 1 stated R 407 193 214 97 91 85 98 lIS 16 4 8 4 1 U 7 4- 3 2 2 1 1 1 173 c.n AGE AND MARITAL STATUS--Contd.

Mantal status Never Divorced or Unspecified Total Total population married Married Wldowed separated status Rural ~ ~ ~ ,-----A-----, ~ t\ge-group Urban P M F M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK-RURAL

All ages a 333,:no 167,540 165,770 103,008 89,100 60,381 61,997 3,235 11,700 914 2,973 2 0- 9 102,402 51,595 50,807 51,595 50,807 10-14 44,757 22,832 21,925 22,832 21,915 .. 10 ...... 15-19 28,334 13,688 14,646 13,624 11,717 59 2,821 .. 7 5 101 20-24 27,227 12,893 14,334 9,563 3,238 3,213 10,554 19 83 98 459 25-29 25,105 12,03-1: 13,071 3,445 652 8,366 11,587 69 231 154 601 30-34 20,676 10,437 10,239 865 261 9,368 9,159 70 334 134 485 35-39 19,438 10,152 9,286 374 174 9,523 8,084 124 593 131 435 40-44 13,405 6,979 6,426 200 100 6,572 5,344 142 701 65 281 45-49 13,658 7,173 6,485 166 86 6,684 5,113 238 1,049 85 237 50-54 10,400 5,401 4,999 92 47 4,959 3,497 290 1,319 60 136 55-59 8,929 4,668 4,261 76 32 4,158 2,648 377 1,471 57 110 60-64 6,571 3,507 3,064 49 21 2,988 1,491 428 1,493 42 59 65-69 4,820 2,445 2,375 47 13 1,985 969 380 1,359 33 34 70+ 7,481 3,676 3,805 50 16 2,478 696 1,098 3,058 50 35 Age not stated 107 60 47 30 21 28 24 2 2

KUNNATHUR TALUK-RURAL

AIlages a 238,w 118,877 119,166 73,259 62,728 42,456 43,682 2,391 10,286 771 3,070 0- 9 69,682 35,318 34,364 35,318 34,364 .. 10-14 31,539 15,877 15,662 15,871 15,634 6 28 .. 15-19 21,237 10,115 11,122 10,069 8,766 46 2,239 4 .. 113 20-24 19,901 9,651 10,250 7,519 2,606 2,065 7,103 9 81 58 460 25-29 17,885 8,433 9,452 2,654 558 5,598 8,095 41 233 566 30-34 14,914 7,421 7,493 817 249 6,425 6,379 49 334 rsg 531 35-39 14,410 7,342 7,068 3S0 169 6,780 5,832 91 584 121 483 40-44 9,976 5,112 4,864 175 121 4,746 3,758 126 169 65 276 45-49 10,238 5,251 4,987 158 94 4,817 3,569 215 1,051 61 267 50-54 7,490 3,814 3,676 121 60 3,404 2,287 234 l,rtH- 55 135 55-59 6,793 3,416 3,377 93 50 3,003 1,814 289 1,394 31 119 60-64 4,971 2,564 2,407 46 27 2,160 971 322 1,356 53 65-69 3,677 1,876 1,801 34 12 1,524 601 290 1,150, 38 70+ 5,304 2,672 2,632 31 14 1,872 400 724 2,189 H 29 Age not stated 26 15 11 3 4 10 6 1,1

KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL

AIlages a 265,187 133,004 132,183 85,351 68,841 44,441 46,295 2,313 13,543 3,504 0-9 80,49-1 41,038 39,456 41,038 39,456 10-14 3"i.75!l 18,032 17,726 18,032 17,690 36 .. 2 (! ,-, 7 .' 15-19 10.270 10,987 10,263 8,366 7 2,470 12 .. 139 20-24 21.1.104 10,798 11,006 9,352 2,012 1,387 8,395 5 81 54 , 518 25-29 20,378 9,820 10,558 3,993 463 5,631 9,102 26 SOl 170 692 30-34 17.105 8,753 8,352 1,284 235 7,223 7,029 71 506 175 582 35-39 17,037 8,an 8,165 568 210 8,065 6,447 102 937 137 571 40-44 11.263 5,635 5.628 244 125 5,180 4.035 125 1,115 86 353 45-49 11,390 5,794 5,596 228 98 5,285 3,476 191 1,736 90 286 50-54 8.091 3,923 4.168 145 59 3,499 2,191 222 1,756 57 162 55-59 7,288 3,612 3;676 85 44 , 3,161 1,533 318 1,986 48 113 60-64 5,179 2,465 2,714 63 31 ,2,041 935 326 1,693 35 55 65-69 3,467 1.676 1.791 20 18 1,366 420 266 1,339 24 14 70+ 4,643 2,305 ~,338 29 24 1,592 217 661 2,079 23 18 Age not stated 33 11 22 7 10 4 9 2 174 c.u AGE AND MARITAL STATt1S--eondd.

Marital status Never Divorced or UDlpCCifiecl Total Total population married Marned Widowed separated status Rural ~-., .----'------. ,------"----- ~ Age-group Urban P M F M F M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

QUILON TALUK-RURAL

All ages R 381,354 189,148 192,206 122,837 102,001 62,859 67,418 2,420 17,983 1,031 4,804 1 0- 9 115,235 58,162 57,073 58,162 57,073 .. 10-14 52,094 26,242 25,852 26,193 25,806 49 44 1 1 15-19 33,+-1-8 16,086 17,362 16,027 13,503 59 3,683 .. 22 .. 154 20-24 32,112 15,474 16,638 13,217 3,729 2,199 12,153 5 134 53 622 25-29 29,106 14,222 14,884 5,827 784 8,183 12,899 43 351 169 850 30-34 24,086 12,013 12,073 1,778 317 10,005 10,320 59 587 171 849 35-39 22,388 11,302 11,086 625 241 10,441 9,055 101 1,047 135 743 40-44 15,737 7,852 7,885 296 150 7,328 5,874 121 1,339 107 522 45--49 '16,017 7,928 8,089 243 120 7,382 5,466 201 2,076 102 427 50-54 11,375 5,565 5,810 144 86 5,111 3,223 222 2,260 88 241 55-59 i 10,152 4,912 5,240 126 59 4,464 2,356 272 2,640 50 185 60--64 ' 7,542 3,623 3,919 66 42 3,170 1,240 328 2,518 59 119 65-69 4,900 2,362 2,538 38 19 1,988 672 306 1,800 30 47 70+ 7,006 3,324 3,682 48 40 2,451 402 760 3,199 65 41 Age not stated 156 81 75 47 32 29 31 2 9 2 3

KOTTARAKARA TALUK-RURAL

.All ages R 331,361 165,528 165,833 106,801 89,523 55,648 57,835 2,517 13,862 1,061 5,112 1 1 0-9 103,874 52,466 51,408 52,466 51,408 10-14 45,336 22,864 22,472 22,858 22,413 6 57 1 1 15-19 , 28,962 14,027 14,935 13,944 11,344 81 3,388 1 15 1 188 20-24 27,923 13,277 14,646 10,573 2,965 2,616 10,725 11 140 77 816 25-29 24,586 11,867 12,719 3,933 668 7,687 10,760 42 308 205 983 30-34 19,720 9,929 9,791 1,282 233 8,404 8,247 57 467 186 844 35-39 18,762 9,608 9,154 458 136 8,897 7,574 94 706 159 738 40--44 13,166 6,645 6,521 230 101 6,199 5,030 106 871 110 519 45--49 13,246 6,792 6,454 205 76 6,316 4,649 174 1,335 97 394 50-54 9,596 4,909 4,687 114 52 4,514 2,936 231 1,473 50 226 55-59 8,551 4,460 4,091 95 45 4,019 2,139 293 1,715 53 192 60--64 6,355 3,220 3,135 59 29 2,750 1,149 357 1,861 54 96 65-69 4,503 2,265 2,238 37 17 1,876 689 325 1,471 27 61 70+ 6,734 3,186 3,548 45 24 2,274 476 826 2,997 41 51 Age not stated 47 13 34 2 12 9 16 2 3

PATHANAPURAM TALUK-RURAL

All ages R 247,737 124,649 123,088 78,285 66,898 43,639 44,208 1,962 8,817 763 3,165 0- 9 80,363 4~,770 39,593 40,770 39,593 10-14 32,770 1 ,510 16,260 16,507 16,245 3 14 I 15-19 20,795 9,895 10,900 9,843 7,795 49 2,963 I 15 2 127 20-24 20,693 9,754 10,939 7,258 2,265 2,401 8,074 17 83 78 517 25-29 19,012 9,145 9,867 2,486 415 6,481 8,666 29 184 149 602 30-34 15,087 7,587 7,500 685 270 6,732 6,426 47 300 123 504 35-39 14,594 7,726 6,868 298 103 7,239 5,830 87 485 102 450 40-44 9,840 5,165 4,675 130 75 4,866 3,653 93 633 76 314 45--49 9,799 5,268 4,531 114 44 4,920 3,341 175 882 59 264 50-54 6,836 3,604 3,232 64 26 3,291 2,074 194 982 55 150 55-59 6,210 3,261 2,949 60 32 2,898 1,600 256 1,200 47 117 60--64 4,358 2,267 2,091 27 10 1,963 800 252 1,227 25 54 65-69 3,019 1,550 1,469 16 2 1,282 441 232 992 20 34 70+ 4,323 2,134 2,189 19 II 1,509 314 579 1,834 27 30 Age not ~ stated 38 13 25 8 12 5 12

175 c.m AGE, SEX AND EDUCATION Fly-leaf

1. This table gives the sex-wise distribution of Rural population by age-groups and educational levels for the district. It is divided into three parts Part-A dealing I Primary or Junior Basic with all areas, Part-B dealing with urban are \s and 2 Matriculation or Higher Secondary Part-C dealing with rural areas. The age-groups 3. All persons who have ability to read and write followed in all the three parts are 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, with understanding, i.e., to read any simple letter with 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-44, 45-59, 60+ and 'age not felicity and write a simple letter with understanding, stated'. are considered literates. Those who have passed 2. The classification of educational levels are Lower Primary or Junior Basic but have not passed different for rural and urban areas. Besides giving the Matriculation, Higher Secondary, S.S.L.C. or E.S.L.C. number of illiterates and literates (without educational come under the category of Primary or Junior Basic level) the remaining literates are classified as follows:- and all who have passed Matriculation, Higher Secondary, S.S.L.C. or E.S.L.C. come under the Urban ,category of Matriculation or Higher Secondary.

I Primary or Junior Basic 4. In connection with the enumeration of technical 2 Matr·culation or Higher Secondary personnel, degrees in science subjects like Physics 3 Technical diploma not equal to degree Mathematics, Chemistry, Geology, Goo-Physics, Geography etc., have been recognised as technical 4 Non-technical diploma not equal to degree degrees. These do not come under the specific item 5 University degree or post-graduate degree covered by 'technical degree or diploma equal to degree other than techni'-al degree or post-graduate degree'. Hence wherever t:te subject 6 Technical degree or diploma equal to degree of graduation ha~ been given these have been included or post-graduate degree under 'others' in the urban areas. This accounts for (i) Engineering the higher percentage of 'others' coming under (ii) Medicine 'technical degree or diploma equal to degree or post­ (iii) Agriculture graduate degree'. (iv ) Veterinary and Dairying (v) Technology (vi) Teaching (vii) Others

176 c-m PART-A AGE, SEX AND EDUCATION IN ALL AREAS

Educationallevels ,-- """"\ Literate (without Primary or Matriculation Total populatIon Illiterate educational level) Junior Basic and above ,--- Age-group P M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

QUll.ON DISTRICT

All ages 1,941,228 972,657 968,571 410,613 550,155 377,410 297,092 145,057 104,098 39,577 17,226

0- 4 300,040 151,898 148,142 151,898 148,142

5- 9 293,641 148,609 145,032 99,522 98,756 47,206 44,454 1,881 1,822 10-14 261,333 132,018 129,315 22,392 29,498 63,127 59,256 46,453 40,546 46 15 15-19 167,552 80,818 86,734 11,508 21,757 28,197 34,340 34,301 25,859 6,812 4,778 20-24 163,014 78,764 84,250 14,831 30,206 35,651 35,721 15,966 11,485 12,316 6,838 25-29 147,603 71,415 76,188 16,267 33,340 36,074 31,930 10,575 7,673 8,499 3,245 30-34 121,050 61,056 59,994 13,128 26,957 34,939 26,321 8,495 5,519 4,494 1,197 35-44 195,432 100,765 94,667 25,858 51,989 57,363 35,022 13,781 6,935 3,763 721 45-59 189,909 97,012 92,897 32,610 65,994 51,151 22,861 10,387 3,684 2,864 358

60+ 101,240 50,105 51,135 22,515 43,388 23,621 7,117 3.198 564 771 66 Age not stated 414 197 217 84 128 81 70 20 11 lZ 8

177 10614198-B c.m PART-B AGE, SEX AND EDUCATION

Educational r- Literate Technical Non-techni- (without Primary or Matricula- diploma cal diploma educational Junior Hon or Higher not equal not equal Total population Illiterate level) Basic Secondary to degree to degree Age-group ~ r----"----, ~ ,.----A----, ,.----A----, ,....._.-A---., P M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Q,UIT..ON

All ages 144,236 73,911 70,325 26,040 35,181 26,626 21,475 13,969 10,409 5,690 2,770 376 98 47 36

0- 4 20,972 10,656 10,316 10,656 10,316

5- 9 20,659 10,502 10,157 5,428 5,331 4,797 4,576 277 250

10-14 19,079 9,661 9,418 1,133 1,688 4,125 3,746 4,389 3,980 14 4

15-19 13,519 6,737 6,782 924 1,488 1,647 2,061 2,905 2,250 1,240 964 19 8 2 20-24 13,354 6,917 6,437 1,096 2,013 2,420 2,264 1,477 1,058 1,620 905 103 39 11

25-29 11,531 5,894- 5,637 1,032 2,171 2,450 2,153 1,117 800 942 399 74 18 9 5

30-34 9,462 4,916 4,546 882 1,838 2,353 1,781 874 657 525 195 40 12 9 5

35-44 15,416 8,375 7,041 1,748 3,542 4,115 2,470 1,498 808 709 175 65 7 II 4

45-59 13,850 7,261 6,589 1,982 4,196 3,394 1,756 1,121 501 507 104- 59 13 11 4-

60+ 6,387 2,988 3,399 1,159 2,597 1,322 666 310 105 133 24 16 7 5 Age not stated 7 4 3 3 2

.178 INURBAN AREAS ONLY

levels

Umversity degree or post­ Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or post-graduate degree graduate degree other than Veterinary technical degree Engmeering Medicine Agriculture & Dauymg Technology Teaching Others ,---..A.----., ,----"'---, ,-----A-----, ~ ~ ,.------'----- ~ ,-----.A------1'.1 F M F M F 'M F M F M F M F M F

17 18 • 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

DISTRICT

704 156 56 21) 9 7 3 2 82 74 289 117

2 2 7 82 60 7 11 109 76 137 45 24 6 3 2 14 17 89 23 143 26 15 4 23 21 46 11 162 17 7 5 17 17 37 147 6 2 8 2 2 20 7 7 31 7

179 c.m PART.C AGE, SEX AND EDUCATION IN RURAL AREAS ONLr

Educational levels Literate (without Pri111ary or Matriculation "" Total population Illiterate educauonallevel) Junior Basic and above -.. .A.-_-.. -"----.. ~--.. Age-group P M F M F M F M F M F :2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Q.Un.ON DISTRICT

All ages 1,796,992 l898,746 898,246 384,573 514,974 350,784 275,617 131,088 93,689 32,301 13,966

0- 4 279,068 141,242 137,826 141,242 137,826 5- 9 272,982 138,107 134,875 94,094 93,425 42,409 39,878 1,604 1,572 10-14 242,254 122,357 119,897 21,259 27,810 59,002 55,510 42,064 36,566 32 II 15-19 154,033 74,081 79,952 10,584 20,269 26,550 32,279 31,396 23,609 5,551 3,795 20-24 149,660 71,847 77,813 13,735 28,193 33,231 33,457 14,489 10,427 10,392 5,736 25-29 136,072 65,521 70,551 15,235 31,169 33,624 29,777 9,458 6,873 7,204 2,732 30-34 111,588 56,140 55,448 12,246 25,119 32,586 24,540 7,621 4,862 3,687 927 35-44 180,016 92,390 87,626 24,110 48,447 53,248 32,552 12,283 6,127 2,749 500 45-59 176,059 89,751 86,308 30,628 61,798 47,757 21,105 9,266 3,183 2,100 222

60+ 94,8::13 47,117 47,736 21,356 40,791 22,299 6,451 2,888 459 574 35- Age not stated 407 193 214 84 127 78 68 19 11 12 a

]80 C.V MOTHER TONGUE

Fly-leaf

This table which corresponds to table D-I the district and up to taluk level for rural areas. This Languages (i) Mother tongue of 1951 Census gives the is finalised in consultation with the Linguist of Registrar sex-wise distribution of the population under different General's Office. The following notes have also been mother tongues for the total, rural and urban areas of prepared by the Linguist.

NOTE 1

1. The following mother tongues arranged in alphabetical order in column 1 of the statement given below as per Table C-V have been classified in the Linguistic Survey of India. The Linguistic Survey of India Classification Number is mentioned against each mother tongue in column 3.

2. If in column 3 no classification number is given against any mother tongue of column 1 then it would mean that the name refers to either old or middle Indo Aryan language or a language group or branch or family name from the Linguistic Survey of India.

3. Wherever a tongue is mentioned in column 3 it is to be understood that the mother tongue is either a dialect or another, name or form of the tongue mentioned against it in column 1 which in its turn has been classified by the Linguistic Survey of India in the appropriate place for that tongue.

4. If in column 1, there is a tongue which bears no classification number in the Linguistic Survey of India then in column 2 the name of the classified language or group will be given of which the mother tongue of column I is either a dialect or another name or form. In such a case the number of classified language of column 2 has been given in column 3.

5. In column 2 standardized spellings according to Linguistic Survey of India has been given against each mother tongue of column 1.

Alphabetical order of mother tongues Classified name in the Linguistic Classification Number in classified by the Linguistic Survey Survey of India the Linguistic Survey of of India India I 2 3

Assamese Assamese 552 ,2 Bengali Bengali 529 3 CoorgijKodagu KodagujCoorgi 301 4 Gujarati Gujarati 652 5 Hindi Hindi 586 6 Kachchhi Kachchhi 451 7 Kannada Kanarese 296 Karandi 8' Kashmiri ' Kashmiri 399 9 Konkani Konkani 494 ct, Note 2 10 Ma1ayalam Malayalam 293 Pania 11 Marathi Marathi 455 12 Nepali Naipali 781 Gorkhali 13 Oriya Oriya 502 14 Punjabi Panjabi 632 Sikhi 15 Saurashtra Patanuli 674 16 Sindhi Sindhi 445 17 Tamil Tamil 285 18 Telugu Telugu 319 19 Tulu Tulu 302 20 Urdu Urdu 585 181 10614198-B NOTE 2

The following mother tongue arranged in alphabetical order as per Table C-V and is indicated by asterisk and dagger or a dagger alone in that table have been tentatively classified or re-classified by the Linguist in the manner stated below:-

(T) against the mother tongue in column 1 indicates that it has been tentatively classified, (TR) means that it has been tentatively re-classified by the Linguist.

Alphabetical order of the mother tongues indicated by asterisk and dagger or a dagger Manner in which tentatively classified or alone in Table C-V re-classified by the Linguist 2

Konkani (TR) A language of the southern group of Outer Sub­ Branch of the Aryan Sub-Family

NOTE 3

Mother tongues outside the Indian sub-continent which have been printed in italics in the Table have been arranged by the Linguist according to (a) mother tongues of other Asian countries and (b) mother tongues of each of the other continents in the following manner:-

Other Asian countries ArabicJArbi Burmese CeyloneseJSimeluJSinghalese ChineseJChini MalaiJMalay JMalayaJ Malayan

Africa African Krue Tanganyika

Europe Dutch English French German Greek Italian Norwegian Portuguese Spanish Swiss

NOTE 4

The following mother tongues which appear in ',the table have been found uncIassifiable by the Linguist fo want of any dependable information on them so far:- ' Nil

182 NOTE 5

Column 2 shows variant spellings or forms of mother tongue returns which are rationalized to the names ;given against them in column 1.

Variant forms of the names of mother tongues Rationalized forms of names of mother tongues as recorded during enumeration and/or tranll­ listed in Table C-V cription 2

Coorgi/Kodagu Coorge, Curge, Kotagu, Kotaku Gorkhali Gurkha, Gurkhali Gujarati Gujarathi, Gujarathy Kachchhi Cuchi, Cutch, Cutchi, Kachi, Katch, Katchi, Kuch Kannada Canedian, Canarese Kashmiri Kashmeri Konkani Cogani, Konganam, Konkini Marathi Maharashtra Nepali Nepalese Oriya Orriya Patani Pattani Saurashtra Sawrashtra, Sowrashtra Urdu Urudu

183 l0614198-B C-V MOTHER TONGUE.

Quilon DIStrict

Total Rural Urban

Mother tongue Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

I African Krue 1 1 ! Arabic! ArM 29 20 9 26 17 9 3 3 5 Assamese 1 4 Bengali 62 56 6 10 4 6 ~2 52 5 Burmese 2 1 1 2 1 6 Ceylonese! Sirnelul Singhalue 14 4 10 13 4 9 1 1 7 Chinese/Chini 2 2 2 2 8 Coorgi/Kodagu 9 Dutch 1 10 English 1,285 711 574 211 144 67 1,074 567 507 11 Fremh 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 12 Germall 27 27 21 21 6 6- 13 Gorkhali 4- 4 4 4 14 Greek 61 60 61 60 15 Gujarati 165 96 69 45 21 24 120 75 45 16 Hindi 577 317 260 339 187 152 238 130 108 17 [taltall 3 3 2 2 1 18 Kachchhi 40 18 22 5 3 2 35 15 20- 19 Kannada 247 130 117 177 95 82 70 35 35 20 Kashmiri 1 21 t Konkani 1,870 973 897 189 96 93 1,681 877 804 22 Malai/ Malay/ Malayal Mala,.,. 1 1 23 Malayala.m 1,902,335 951,485 950,850 1,771,785 884,858 886,927 130,550 66,627 63,923 24 Marathi 133 71 62 28 20 8 105 51 54 25 Nepali 19 19 12 12 7 7 26 Norwegian 26 13 13 26 13 13 '!.7 Oriya 1 28 Patani I 29 Portuguese 15 9 6 15 9 6- 30 Punjabi 9 7 2 8 6 2 31 Saurashtra 3 2 3 2 32 Sindhi 2 2 2 2 33 SPanish 2 2 2 2 34 SWIS~ 1 I 35 Tamil 31,718 17,348 14,370 23,027 12,695 10,332 8,691 4,653 4,038 36 Tanganyika 1 1 1 1 37 Telugu 1,761 866 895 481 238 243 1,280 628 652 38 Tulu 390 198 192 247 116 131 143 82 61 39 Urdu 414 234 180 263 144 119 151 90 61

Note:- (i) Mother tongues printed in italics belong to countries outside the Indian continent (ii) Dagger (f) denotes that the mother tongue though classified in the Linguistic Survey of India is either tentatively reclassified. or considered unclassifiable by the Linguist

184 (ALPHABETICAL ORDER)

Taluks (Rural areas only) Quilon Kottarakara .. Pathanamthitta Kunnathur KarunagapaUy Pathanapuram ,-_____""___ ,- -A.. ___ ,.-----.A.-----.. Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

I 7 3 5 9 :4 ~ 2 3 2 (. 5 3 2 2 6 7 8 9 7 S 3 5 103 26 14- 18 3 2 14 13 10 1 11 20 12 3 13 60 14 2 3 19 21 15 28 12 17 8 2 35 27 3 102 104 16 2 17 3 2 18 50 45 14- 15 9 5 21 16 19 20 7 6 25 32 4 2 5 7 4-5 35 10 11 21 22 164,897 163,515 117,687 118,047 132,577 131,944- 188,349 191,494- 164,555 164,962 116,793 116,965 23 1 8 2 1 1 10 5 24 5 3 2 2 25 13 13 26 27 28 29 5 2 30 31 32 33 34- 2,463 2,108 1,101 1,029 218 ]86 614- 496 765 675 7,534 5,838 35 , .. 36 28 30 20 11 3 1 51 63 94 91 42 47 37 36 41 7 9 3 2 22 29 42 48 6 2 38 4 2 4 3 21 22 9 7 106 84- 39

185 c-vn REUGION

The distribution of population by sex under been shown. This table corresponds to table D-II different religions is given in this table. In the table Religion of 1951 Census. the figures of only six major religions in India have

186 C.W RELIGION

Name ofreligioDS Total Total Buddhists Christians Rural ---. District/Taluk Urban P M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

'Qun.ON DISTRICT T 1,941,228 972,657 968,571 2 3 235,539 236,466 R 1,796,992 898,746 898,246 1 3 217,772 219,009 U 144,236 73,911 70,325 1 17,767 17,457 Pathanamthitta taluk R 333,310 167,540 165,770 74,539 77,241 Kunnathur R 238,043 118,877 119,166 30,717 30,842 Karunagapally. R 265,187 133,004 132,183 13,388 13,137 " Quilon R 381,354 189,148 192,206 30,941 30,716 " Kottarakara R 331,361 165,528 165,833 34,197 33,302 Pathanapuram R 247,737 124,649 123,088 3 33,990 33,771 "

arranged in alphabetical order Hindus Jains Muslims Sikhs Religion not stated M F M F M F M F M F ""' 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

622,544 621,381 8 14 114,300 110,513 15 11 249 183 579,072 580,577 1 101,640 98,462 12 11 249 183 \ 43,472 40,804 8 13 12,660 12,051 3 86,987 82,970 5,923 5,481 10 11 81 67 79,840 80;:m 8,251 7,918 69 55 94,602 94,793 25,014 24,251 2 , 131,571 135,685 26,621 25,803 15 2 112,948 114,389 18,382 18,142 73,124 72,389 ,. 17,«9 16,867 2 83 57

187

c.vm SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES

Fly-leaf

1. This table is prepared in two parts, Part A dealing total, rural and urban areas of the district and for rural with Scheduled Caste population and Part B dealing areas by taluks. with Scheduled Tribe population. These give the 2. The corresponding Table of 1951 (Table D-lII sex-wise distribution of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) shows only Tribes into literates and illiterates and also into' workers the population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled in the nine industrial categories and non-workers for Tribes without their livilihood pattern.

189 C·VW SCHEDULED CASTES PART-A OLASSIDCATION BY LITERACY AND INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY

As Agricultural Literate and Total workers As CultIvator Labourer Total Illiterate educated persons I-IX I II ,-----"------., ~ ,------A---; ,----.A...----., ,----"----; r---"-----, DistrictfTaluk PM F M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14

QUILON DISTRICT T 227,119 112,970 114,149 75,712 92,713 37,258 21,436 58,266 48,008 7,286 1,722 27,675 18,086

R 215,465 107,124 108,341 72,382 88,449 34,742 19,892 55,267 45,736 7,183 1,714 27,21718,016 U 11,654 5,846 5,808 - 3,330 4,264 2,516 1,544 2,999 2,272 103 8 458 70

Pathanamthitta taluk R 29,517 14,853 14,664 9,259 11,339 5,594 3,325 7,728 4,647 1,634 319 3,346 2788 r R 38,204 19,014 19,190 13,854 16,235 5,160 2,955 10,128 8,714 1,854 622 6,353 5,242 Kunnathu " R 24,667 12,347 12,320 7,213 9,140 5,134 3,180 6,190 4,817 265 61 2,233 1,627 Karunagapally " R 47,542 23,272 24,270 14,434 19,069 8,838 5,201 11,913 11,481 832 73 4,157 1,085 Quilon " R 45,036 22,302 22,734 15,925 19,280 6,377 3,454 11,428 9,600 1,707 354 6,688 3,572 Kottarakara " R 30,499 15,336 15,163 11,697 13,386 3,639 1,777 7,880 6,477 891 285 4,440 3,702 Pathanapuram "

PART-B CLASSIFICATION BY LITERACY AND INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY

Literate and As Agricultural Total IllIterate educated penons Total workers As Cultivator Labourer I-IX I II ,--_ ~.A. ___-; ~-, ,----.A.--; ,---"""-----. ,.---"----, r------A---.. DhtrictfTaluk PM F M F M F M F .M F M F_ 23456 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14

QUn.ON DISTRICT T 3,799 1,909 1,890 1,367 1,510 542 380 1,016 372 681 164 139 69 R 3,781 1,899 1,882 1,364 1,504 535 378 1,009 369 681 164 139 69 U 18 10 8 3 6 7 2 7 3 Pathanamthitta taluk R 2,37:2 1,203 1,169 811 892 392 277 637 102 454 36 96 24 Kunnathur R 8 3 5 4 3 4 2 2 R 12 8 4 7 3 2 Karunagapally " Quilon R 67 36 31 13 15 23 16 14 10 4 Kottar~kara R 239 111 128 95 121 16 7 55 49 36 9 16 H Pathanapuram R 1,083 538 545 444 471 94 74 300 203 190 117 23 8

190 AND SCHEDULED TRIBES OF WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS AMONG SCHEDULED CASTES

Workers

In Mmmg, Quarry- ing, LiVe-stock, Forestry, Fishing, In Hunting and Manufactur- Plan tatlOns, At ing other In In Transport, Orchards and Household than House- In Trade and Storage and In Other allied activities Industry hold Industry Construction Commerce Communications Services Non-workers III IV V VI VII VIn IX X r----"-----, ,---.A---, r----"----, ,---.A.--, r----"---, r----"------, r----A----., r---.A.-~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

7,544 1,651 1,547 5,297 4,832 17,252 225 17 223 50 550 20 8,384 3,913 54,704 66,141 7,051 1,649 1,483 5,040 4,308 15,700 197 15 171 37 406 19 7,251 3,546 51,857 62,605 493 2 64 257 524 1,552 28 2 52 13 144 1 1,133 367 2,847 3,536 875 477 243 307 197 22 27 7 9 12 42 2 1,355 713 7,125 10,017 589 83 293 470 396 2,007 19 24 6 43 557 283 8,886 10,476 2,055 5 209 1,402 337 1,220 13 26 3 48 1,004 498 6,157 7,503 2,003 75 380 2,417 2,209 7,203 73 5 75 3 167 4 2,017 611 11,359 12,789 459 52 162 197 859 4,435 30 26 4 62 3 1,435 933 10,874 13,134 1,070 957 196 247 310 758 35 2 11 9 44 9 883 508 7,456 8,636

OF WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS AMONG SCHEDULED TRIBES

Workers -J---- In Mming, Quarry- ing, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishil1jS, In Hunting and Manufactur- Plantations, At ing other In In Transport, Orchards and Household than House- In Trade and Storage and In Other allied activities Industry hold Industry Construction Commerce Communications SerVices Non-workers III ". IV V VI VII VIII IX X r----"----, ,---.A.--, ,,------"-----, ,---.A.--, ,---.A.--, ,.---.A.--, ~~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

116 99 6 18 8 2 2 64 20 893 1,518 116 99 4 16 7 2 62 19 890 1,513 2 2 1 2 2 1 3 5, 33 33 3 3 48 9 566 1,067 2 6 3· 3 2 7 6 22 21 6 56 79' 82 66 9 5 3 238 342:

191 D-MIGRATION TABLES

NOTE

Seven tables in this series present the migration trends analysed on the reports of the 1961 Census. They are-

D-I Non-Indian Nationals D-II Place of birth D-I1I Migrants classified by place of birth and duration of residence in place of enumeration D-III A Migrants from other States and outside India (less than 5 years of duration) classified by age-groups D-IV Migrants in cities classified by sex, broad age-groups, educational levels and in case of workers also by occupational divisions and groups D-V Cities showing population born locally, migrants from rural areas and migrants from other towns and cities D-VI Distribution of industrial categories of workers and non-workers by place of birth All the above tables are published in "Volume VII-Kerala State-Part II C-Cultural and Migration Tables".

E-HOUSING AND ESTABLISHMENT TABLES

NOTE

The data for these tables have been compiled from the House-lists prepared for the 1961 Census. The Housing and Establishment Tables are presented in the following five tables:-

E-I Census houses and the eSes to which they are put E-I1 Tenure status of sample census households living in census houses used wholly or partly as dwelling (based on 20% sample) £OIl! Census houses used as factories and workshops classified by industry, power and no power used and size of employment E-IV Distribution of sample households living in Census houses used wholly or partly as dwelling by predominant material of wall and predominant material of roof (based on 20% sample) E-V Sample households classified by number of members and number of rooms occupied (based on 20% sample) , All the above tables are published in "Volume VII-Kerala State-Part IV A &. B-Report on Housing and Establishment Tables". '

192 SCT, SC & ST-SPEClAL TABLES FOR SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES

NOTE

The tabulation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in 1961 was based on the 'Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956' issued by the President of the Indian Union. According to this list the following are the names of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes:-

Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tnbes

Throughout the Kerala State 1 Chakkiliyan 1 Irular or Irulan 2 Kuravan, Sidhanar 2 Kadar 3 Nayadi 3 Muthuwan, Mudugar or Muduvan 4 Pallan 5 Paraiyan, Parayan (Sambavar) 6 Valluvan

Throughout the State except Kasaragod Taluk of Malabar District 1 Kanakkan or Padanna 2 Panan

Throughout the State except Malabar District (excluding Kasaragod Taluk) 1 Paravan

Throughout the State except Malabar District 1 Ayyanavar 1 Eravallan 2 Bharatar 2 Hill Pulaya 3 Boyan 3 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 4 Domban 4 Kochuvelan 5 Kakkalan 5 Malai Arayan 6 Kavara 6 Malai Pandaram ',7 Kootan (Koodan) 7 Malai Vedan 8 Mannan (lDgffiOcm) 8 Malakkuravan 9 ,Padannan 9 Malayan 10 , Palluvan 10 Malayarayar 11 Pathiy:an 11 Mannan (ID(Tl)Ocm) 12 Perumannan 12 Palleyan I 13 Pulayan or Cheramar 13 Palliyar 14 Thandan 14 Ulladan (Hill dwellers) 15 Ulladan 15 Uraly 16 Uraly 16 Vishavan 17 Vallon 18 Vannan 19 Velan 20 Vetan 21 Vettuvan

193

l06I4:198-B Scheduled Castes Scheduled T nbls

fa Malabal" District 1 Adi Andhra 1 Adiyan 2 Adi Dravida 2 Arandan 3 Adi Karnataka 3 Kammara 4 Ajila 4 Kattunayakan 5 Arunthathiyar 5 Konda Kapus 6 Baira 6 Kondareddis 7 Bakuda 7 Koraga 8 Bandi 8 Kota 9 Bellara 9 Kudiya or Melakudi 10 Chamar or Muehl 10 Kurichchan 11 Chandala 11 Kurumans 12 Cheruman 12 Maha Malasar 13 Godagali 13 Malasar 14 Godda 14 Malayekandi 15 Gosangi 15 Palliyan 16 Holeya 16 Paniyan 17 Kadaiyan 17 Pulayan 18 Kalladi 19 Karimpalan 20 Koosa 21 Kudumban 22 Maila 23 Mavilan 24 Moger 25 Mundala 26 Nalakeyava 27 Pambada 28 Panchama 29 Puthirai Vannan 30 Raneyar 31 Samagara 32 Samban 33 Semman 34 Thoti

1D Malabar District (excluding Kasaragod Talak) 1 Gavara Kurumbaa 2 Malayan 3 Pulaya Vettuvan 1. Kasaragod Taluk of Malabar District 1 Bathada Marati 2 Hasla 3 Nalkadaya

1940 SCT-I INDUSTRIAL CLASSlPICATlON 01' PEtlSONS: AT WORK AND NON-WORKEl\S BY SEX FOR SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES

I'Iy.teaf

1. This table prepared in two parts, Part A dealing in each Scheduled Caste engaged in special occupation& with Scheduled Castes and Part B dealing with Sche­ like 'Tanning and currying of hides and skins' and duled Tribes, gives for each caste and tribe separately 'scavenging' . for rural and urban areas of the district

Total population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, 1961

Total Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Rural r------DistrictfTaluk Urban Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 .5 6 7 8

QuiloD District T 227,119 112,970 114,149 3,799 1,909 1,890 R 215,465 107,124 108,341 3,781 1,899 1,882 U 11,654 5,846 5,808 18 10 8 Pathanamthitta taluk T 29,517 14,853 14,664 2,372 1,203 1,169 R 29,517 14,853 14,664 2,31]2 1,203 1,169 U Kunnathur T " 38,204 19,014 19,190 8 3 5 R 38,204 19;014 19,190 8 3 5 U Karunagapally " T 24,667 12,347 12,320 12 8 4 R 24,667 12,347 12,320 12' 8 U .. T Quilon " 59,196' 29;118 30,078 . 85 46 39 R 47,542 23,272 24,270 67 36 31 U 11,654 5,846 5,808 18 10 8 Kottarakara T 45,036 " 22,302 22,734 239 III 128 R 45,036 22,302 22,734 239 III 128 U

Pathanapuram T 30,499 15,336 15,163 1,083 538 545 R 30,499 15,336 15,163 1,083 538 545 U

195 106jU98-B SCT-I PART-A INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONS

In Mimng, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Huntmgand As Plantations, At Total As Agricultural Orchards & Household Total Workers Cultivator Labourer allied activities Industry Name of I-IX I II III IV Scheduled Caste ~ .------"---, ,----..A.-.....--, r----"---, ...-----A--.. P M F""" M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 { 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 H

Q.un.ON

Total 215,465 107,124 108,341 55,267 45,736 7,183 1,714 27,217 18,016 7,051 1,649 1,483 5,048

1 Bharatar 6 2 4 I 2 Boyan 31 17 14 10 8 2 3 Chakkiliyan 328 172 156 86 70 56 58 4 Kakkalan 830 407 423 173 36 34 II 10 2 16 5 Kanakkan or Padanna 50 29 21 10 7 2 2 6 Kuravan, Sidhanar 83,810 41,397 42,413 22,234 19,883 3,894 1,034 13,266 9,662 636 228 91 552 7 IvIannan 2,483 1,239 1,244- 587 404 40 12 15 { 22 8 2 8 Nayadi 237 125 112 41 3 8 15 9 Pallan 2,950 1,500 1,450 730 704 3 655 696 10 Palluvan 180 83 97 47 29 2 24 22 2 11 Panan 2,743 1,364 1,379 588 287 44- 35 67 20 7 4 46 55 12 Paralyan, Parayan 19,106 9,717 9,389 5,139 4,133 520 110 2,417 1,354 387 332 908 1,209 (Sambavar) 13 Paravan 392 185 207 89 43 8 3 14- 8 16 17 15 14 Pathiyan 1,153 587 566 253 164 22 24 2 60 1 15 Perumannan 44 20 24- 13 9 2 16 Pulayan or Cheramar 61,884 30,672 31,212 15,566 13,662 1,852 318 9,221 5,272 938 268 262 1,454 17 Thandan 25,699 12,780 12,919 6,039 3,513 381 135 196 441 4,106 5 96 1,607 18 Ulladan 56 25 31 18 14 3 2 5 8 7 2 19 Uraly 228 114 114 57 58 3 43 17 3 20 Vallon 4 3 21 Valluvan 25 II 14- 7 5 5 22 Vannan 2,032 1,011 1,021 471 330 25 8 6 3 7 23 Vel an 2,212 1,103 1,109 498 225 179 22 98 10 23 3 24 49 24 Vetan 8,623 4,373 4,250 2,498 2,111 121 15 1,789 1,199 89 12 8 92 :25 Vettuvan 357 188 169 110 38 45 7 29 17 5 9 3 Unclassified 2 2 - 2

196 AT WORK AND NON-WO:aKE.RS BY SEX FOR SCHEDULED CASTES

Workers Workers in special occupations

In Manufacturing other than In In Transport, Tanning & Household In Trade and Storage and In Other currying Industry Construction Commerce Communications Services Non-workers of hides V VI VII VIII IX X & skins Scavenging r--.A..--"""",\ ,---.A------. ,---..A---...., ~""""'\ ~~_A___-... ,--_..,A____--. r--~""""'\ r--~ l\{ F M F ;\1 F M F l\1 F :\1 F M F 1\1 F 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 _"y 26 27 28 29 3i

DISTRICT-RURAL

4,308 15,700 197 15 171 37 406 19 7,251 3,546 51,857 62,605 12 2 1 4 3 7 4 7 6 8 I 3 17 II 86 86 64- 6 9 36 18 234 387 6 3 19 14 1,994 7,295 56 38 13 141 10 2,118 1,088 19,163 22,530 6 8 8 6 495 370 652 840 6 1 8 3 84 109 43 3 28 5 770 746 2 2 16 4 36 68 353 151 3 5 11 52 21 776 1,092 259 954- 17 7 2 48 576 171 4,578 5,256 3

21 12 4 9 4 96 164 4 143 159 334 402 10 9 7 15 647 5,583 82 9 66 3 149 7 2,349 748 15,106 17,550 3 782 985 12 27 2 22 417 337 6,741 9,406 3 2 7 17 3 38 5 3 57 56 \ .. 3 1 5 4 9 2 3 3 2 5 425 311 540 691 41 108 6 5 14 2 120 19 605 884 63 538 9 3 13 403 254 1,875 2,139 22 11 78 131 .. 2

197 1081U9S-B In Mining, Quarrying, LIVe-stock, Forestry, FishIng, Huntmg and As Plantations, At As Agricultural Orchards & Household Total Workers Cultivator Labourer allied activities Industry Name of ,-_---A-Total__ ------, I-IX I II III IV Scheduled Caste r-.....---A--.-.. ,.------..A-- ,---.A--, ,_-"---, r--~ P M F M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14-

QUILON

Total 1l,654 5,846 5,808 2,999 2,272 103 8 458 70 493 2 64 257 1 Bharatar 3 2 .... 2 Chakkiliyan 323 178 145 99 15 1 3 Kakkalan 60 27 33 16 10 8 6 4- Kanakkan or Padanna 5 Kuravan, Sidhanar 2,390 1,186 1,204 681 643 35 2 149 12 8 5 6 Mannan 174 83 91 42 21 1 7 Nayadi 34 15 19 9 8 Pallan 23 II 12 6 9 Palluvan 9 4 5 2 10 Panan 148 65 83 30 21 11 Paraiyan, Parayan 249 124 125 59 63 28 3 3 2 (Sambavar) 12 Paravan 3 3 1 13 Perumannan 7 4 3 3 2 14 Pulayan or Cheramar 3,968 2,009 1,959 1,011 903 58 3 263 47 27 42 155 15 Thandan 3,223 1,598 1,625 768 405 4- 2 2 6 456 ,.2 88 Ui Valluvan 15 8 7 4 l!1 Vannan 860 451 409 215 151 "3 18 Velan 35 18 17 8 8 2 19 Vetan 129 62 67 47 24 3 14 2 4

198 A.T WORK AND NON.WORKERS BY SEX FOR SCHEDULED CASTES-(concld.)

Workers Workers in special occupations

In Manufacturmg other than In Trade In Transport, Tanmng& Household In and Storage and In Other Currymg Industry Construction Commerce Communications Services Non-workers of hIdes V VI VII VIII IX X & skins Scavenging ~ ~ ~ r------J'----. r-----A---.. r---"--~ ,....---A-----, ,---.A---., M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24- 25 26 27 28 29 30

DISTRICT-URBAN

524 1,552 28 2 52 13 144 1 1,13.1 367 2,847 3,536 101 13 2 18 4 2 77 11 79 130 73 IG 4- 3 4- II 23

219 552 9 6 7 47 207 65 505 561 6 2 41 18 41 70 8 1 6 18 5 5 5 11 3 2 4 3 18 17 3 8 4- 35 62 9 56 1 4- 12 2 65 62

2 3 2 113 636 15 2 18 4 71 404- 55 998 1,056 13 132 258 4- 18 2 14- 136 48 830 1,220 3 1 4 6 5 1 3 6 198 14-9 236 258 ... 1 8 5 10 9 4 18 22 3 15 43

199

106iU98-B sm.I PART-B INDUSTIUAL GLAS8D10A11ON OF PBltSONS

In Mining, Quarrying Live-stock, Forestry, As Fishing, Hunting aad As Agricultural PlantatIOns, Orchards Total workers Cultivator Labourer & allied activities Total..__ I-IX I II III Name of r- ~ ~ ...... ------'---. .. Scheduled Tribe P M F M F M F M F M F '"" 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

QUR.ON Total 3,781 1,899 1,882 1,009 369 681 164 139 69 116 99 1 Eravallan 5 2 3 2 1 2 2 Hill Pulaya 222 "118 104 62 12 12 31 9 3 Kadar 1 4 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 6137 326 361 158 90 139 38 16 34 5 Kochu Velan 8 3 5 i 6 M.Uai Arayan 295 141 154 72 10 62 5 8 5 7 Malai Pandaram 412 225 187 135 102 50 35 82 66 8 Malal Vedan 443 226 217 115 17 60 2 47 11 9 Malakkuravan 212 108 104 61 8 44 2 15 5 10 Malayarayar 254 119 135 77 75 70 74 4 11 Mannan 60 36 24 10 6 12 Palliyar 122 58 64 29 31 28 31 13 Ulla,dan (Hill Dwellers) 837 435 402 217 12 172 4 113 3 4 , 14 Uraly 223 101 122 71 4 70 2 2

Q,1JlLON Total 18 10 8 7 3 1 Hill Pulaya 2 2 2 Malai Pandaram 14 8 6 5 ! 3 Malakkuravan 1 4 Malayan

200 AT WORK AND NON.WORKERS BY SEX FOR SCHEDULED TRlBES

Workers In Manufacturing At other than In Trade In Transport Household Household In and Storage and In Other Industry Industry Construction Commerce Communication Services Non-workers IV V VI VII VIn IX X r--~ r--..A.-~ ~ r-----l'---~ ~ M F M F M F' M F M F M F M F 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

DISTRICT-RURAL

4 16 7 2 62 19 890 1,513 Total 1 1 18 2 56 92 2 1 3 15 2 168 271 4 2 5 5 2 69 144 6 3 90 85 7 1 7 2 III 200 8 1 47 96 9 3 1 42 60 10 3 7 6 26 18 11 1 29 33 12 2 21 5 218 390 13 30 118 14

DISTRICT-URBAN

2 2 1 2 2 1 3 5 Total 1 \ :.! 2 2 3 4 2 3 4

201

SCT-D AGE AND MARITAL STATUS FOR SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES

Fly-leaf

This ti;l.ble prepared in two parts, Part A dealing groups and marital status for the district. The age­ with Scheduled Castes and Part B dealing with groups and marital status followed in the table are given Scheduled Tribes, gives sex-wise distribution of each below:- Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe by broad age-

Marital status

(i) 0-14 (i) Never married (ii) 1$-44 (ii) Married (iii) 45 and above (iii) Widowed (iv) Age not stated (iv) Divorced or separated (v) lJnspecified status

203 SCT.ll PART-A AGE AND MARITAL

Total population

Never Divorced/ Total married Married Widowed Separated Name of ~ r----"------. ,.------"---- ,-----"'---..... Scheduled Caste P M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Q.UlLOH

Total 227,119 112,970 114,149 65,743 55,354 43,548 44,901 2,588 10,656 1,091 3,231 1 Bharatar 9 4 5 3 3 1 2 Boyan 31 17 14 10 5 6 5 2 2 S Chakkiliyan 651 350 301 196 138 145 149 6 12 3 2 4 Kakkalan 890 ~34 456 251 230 174 184 6 37 3 5 5 Kanakkan or Padanna 51 30 21 23 10 7 5 5 6 Kuravan, Sldhanar 86,200 42,583 43,617 24,209 20,489 16,976 17,523 984 4,342 1,263 7 Mannan 2,657 1,322 1,335 844 712 443 476 25 105 10 42 8 Naycdl 271 140 131 88 70 46 48 6 8 5 9 Pall an 2,973 1,511 1,462 817 720 653 661 34 71 7 10 10 Palluvan 189 87 102 47 ')0 37 44 2 7 11 Panan 2,891 1,429 1,462 937 758 467 509 19 143 6 52 12 Paraiyan, Parayan (Sambavar) 19,355 9,841 9,514 5,472 4,515 3,948 3,980 328 800 93 219 13 Paravan 395 185 210 113 106 69 74 18 2 12 14 Pathiyan 1,153 587 566 371 308 196 201 15 -!2 5 15 15 Perumannan 51 24 27 11 13 12 13 1 16 Pulayan, or Chelamar 65,852 32.681 33,171 18,971 16,095 12,565 13,008 754 3,037 t 391 1,031 17 Thandan 28,922 14.378 14,544 9,106 7,741 4,951 5,095 246 1,359 75 349 18 Ulladan 56 25 31 15 15 9 7 6 3 19 Uraly 228 114 114 67 56 45 44 6 8 20 Vallon 4 3 1 2 21 Yalluvan 40 19 21 8 11 11 9 22 Vannan 2,892 1,462 1,430 935 738 485 519 26 130 16 43 23 Yelan 2,247 1,121 1,126 701 593 386 407 25 92 9 34- 24 Vetan 8,752 4,435 4,317 2,446 1,894 1,841 1,868 101 417 47 138 25 Vettuvan 357 188 169 100 82 74 70 8 15 6 2 Unclassified 2 2

204 STATUS FOR SCHEDULED CASTES

Age 0-14------, , Unspecified Never Divorcedl Unspecified ,.-__status .A._., Total married Married Widowed Separated status ~ ,---A----., ~ ~ ~ r-----"---, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F

13 14- 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

DISTRICT

.. 46,694 45,901 46,651 45,865 43 36 Total 1 2 2 6 3 6 3 2 141 134 141 134- 3 184- 205 184 205 4- 16 8 16 8 5 17,389 16,965 17,365 16,954- 24- 11 i "608 620 608 620 7 64- 55 64 55 8 672 636 672 636 9 38 46 38 46 10 690 645 689 644 1 1 11 3,832 3,700 3,828 3,698 4- 2 12 81 •. 89 81 89 13 288 261 288 261 14 7 12 7 12 15 13,298 13,199 13,289 13,186 9 13 16 6,370 6,447 6,367 6,442 3 5 17 8 14- 8 14- 18 53 50 53 50 19

\ .. 2 2 20 6 11 6 11 21 629 620 629 620 22 502 484 502 484- 23 1,735 1,627 1,733 1,623 2 4 24 75 66 75 66 25

205 scr..n PART.A AGE AND MAlUTAL

r------A--Age 15-44______--, Never Dlvorced/ Unspecified Never Total married Married Widowed Separated status Total marned Name of ~ ~ ,----A----, ,...-..A--.. ,--..A.-..., ~ ~ ~ Scheduled Caste M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

QUILON

Total {7,56350,60418,868 9,30627,38236,386 {91 2,2{5 822 2,667 .. 18,69817,626 217 175 Bharatar 2 3 2 2 Boyan 10 8 4 2 5 4 2 3 3 Chakkiliyan 171 138 54 4 112 131 3 2 2 38 29 4- Kakkalan 173 179 67 25 104 144 6 2 4 77 72 5 Kanakkan or Padanna 12 10 7 2 5 4 3 2 3 6 Kuravan, Sidhanar 17,96619,521 6,784 3,45210,68614,157 188 876 308 1,036 7,221 7,126 55 80 7 Mannan 530 528 233 90 284 389 4 20 9 29 184 186 3 8 Nayadi 55 59 24 14 30 39 3 3 21 17 9 Pallan 617 695 145 84 455 588 11 18 6 5 222 131 10 Palluvan 30 45 9 4 20 37 3 19 11 11 Panan 563 620 247 113 309 427 3 32 4 48 176 197 12 Paraiyan, Parayan (Sambavar) 4,175 4,331 1,626 800 2,430 3,198 49 153 70 180 1,834 1,482 18 17 13 Paravan 79 91 30 16 47 62 1 3 IO 25 30 2 1 1<1: Pathiyan 222 239 83 47 135 173 2 5 2 14 77 66 15 Perumannan 12 11 4 7 10 5 4- 16 Pulayan, Cheramar 13,69914,652 5,606 2,875 7,65710,308 136 601 300 868 5,678 5,313 75. 32 17 Thandan 6,013 6,182 2,695 1,271 3,218 4,281 47 348 53 282 1,995 1,912 44 27 18 Ulladan 14 14 7 177 3 3 3 3 19 Uraly 47 49 14 6 32 38 5 14 IS 20 Vallon I 21 Valluvan 10 7 2 8 7 3 3 -6 22 Vannan 621 600 300 115 307 426 3 27 1 I 32 212 210 3 23 Velan 434 463 194 104 228 311 4 20 8 28 185 178 5 4 24 Vetan 2,030 2,083 706 263 1,250 1,590 37 118 37 112 668 607 6 ,8 25 Vettuvan 77 75 24 16 46 53 2 4 5 2 36 28 Unclassified 1

206 STATUS FOR SCHEDULED CASTES-concld.

Age 45+ Age not stated r- DIVorced! Unspecified Never Divorced! Unspecified Married Widowed Separated status Total married Married Widowed Separated status ~ ~ ~ ,---.J..----, ~ r-~ ~ I ~ ~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

DISTRICT-contd.

16,116 8,471 2,097 8,409 268 571 15' 18 7 8 7 8 2 1 .. Total 1 1 1 2 2 33 18 3 11 3 70 40 6 31 4- 2 2 5 06,264 3,353 796 3,466 106 227 7 5 5 3 2 2 6 159 87 21 85 13 7 16 9 5 5 2 8 198 73 23 53 5 9 17 7 2 4 10 157 81 16 111 2 4 11

1,514 779 279 647 23 39 12 22 12 15 1 2 13 61 28 13 37 3 H 5 3 ... 15 4,895 2,683 618 2,435 90 163 6 7 2 4 4 16 1,730 808 199 1,010 22 67 3 17 2 3 18 13 6 6 3 19

I •• 20 3 2 1 21 178 93 23 103 5 11 22 158 96 21 ' 72 6 23 588 274 64- 299 10 26 2 24 28 17 6 11 25

207 sar..u PART.. AGE AND MARITAL

Total Population

Never Divorced/ Total married Marned Widowed Separated Name of ,...----A------~ ,..-----A-----. Scheduled Tribe P M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

QUll.ON

Total j,799 1,909 1,B90 1,075 9f7 772 778 51 129 11 36 I Eravallan 523 I I 1 2 Hill Pulaya 224 118 106 66 54 45 44 7 5 3 3 Kadar 1 1 4 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 687 < 326 361 188 173 132 137 4 39 2 12 5 Kochu Velan 835 2 4 1 1 6 Malai Arayan 295 141 154 80 84 58 55 3 14 7 Malai Pandaram 426 233 193 140 106 82 83 11 3 8 Malai Vedan 443 226 217 129 101 93 98 2 14 2 4 9 Malakkuravan 213 109 104 56 51 48 46 3 5 2 2 10 Malayan 1 II Malayarayar 254 119 135 61 58 56 62 2 14 12 Mannan 60 36 24 27 13 9 9 2 13 Palliyar 122 58 64 31 31 26 25 8 14 Ulladan (Hill dwellers) 837 435 402 249 210 167 162 15 20 10 15 Uraly 223 101 122 43 61 54 55 3 4 2

Age 15--44

Never Divor~ed/ Unspecified Never Total married Married Widowed Sepanted status Total married Name of r--"---, ,.----A---, ~ ,...---A----, ,..-----.A----, ~ ~~ Scheduled Tribe M F M F M F M F M F M' F M F M F 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ,37 38 39 40 41 42

QUILON Total 803 831 241 96 533 665 16 39 7 31 219 207 1 1 EravaIIan 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 Hill Pulaya 52 48 19 11 31 33 2 3 19 15 3 Kadar 1 4 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 124 166 24 22 99 123 11 10 38 44 5 Kochu Velan 1 1 6 Malai Arayan 53 61 15 6 38 47 7 23, 15 7 Malai Pandaram 95 86 38 13 53 73 , 4 36 14 8 Malai Vedan 98 100 32 8 64 84 4 1 4 31 24 9 Malakkuravan 51 45 15 4 33 38 2 2 17 12 10 Malayan 11 Malayarayar 57 67 19 8 37 52 7 20 18 12 Mannan 12 9 7 1 5 8 4 3 13 Palliyar 26 29 7 5' 19 22 2 8 9 14 Ulladan (Hill dwellers) 179 167 52 15 119 137 5 6 3 9 60 39 15 Uraly 51 51 16 3 33 46 2 23 13 208 STATUS FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES

AgcO-H

Unspecified Never Divorced! U nspccified status Total married Married Widowed Separated status ,..------"---- .....-----'---- ~ .....-----'---- ~ ~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

DISTRICT

I2V 852 S26 851 1 Total 1 47 43 47 43 2 - 3 164- 151 164- 151 4 2 4 2 4- 5 64- 78 64- 78 6 102 93 102 93 - 7 97 93 97 93 - 8 ·41 47 41 47 9 10 42 50 42 50 11 20 12 20 12 12 24 26 24 26 13 196 196 196 195 14 27 58 27 58 15

Agc45 + I'Age not stated Divorcedl Unspecified . Never Divorced/ Unspecified Married Widowed Separated status Total married Married Widowed Separated status "" , ,---A----.~~~~~r---"--,~r__"_____. M F M F M F M F MF M F M F M F M F M F 43 44 \ 4-5 4-6 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54- 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

DlSTRICT_lWld,

239 112 35 90 of 5 1 .. 1 .. Total

I 14 11 5 4 2 3 33 14- 3 28 2 2 4- 5 20 8 3 7 (, 29 10 7 3 7 29 14 10 3 15 8 2 4- 9 .. lO 19 10 7 II 4- 1 2 .. 12 7 3 6 13 48 24 10 14 ., 14 21 9 2 4- .. 15 209 1OI,.II1-B scr-m SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED 'I'lUUS CI.ASSIFlEJ;) BY EDUCATIONAL LEVELS

1. This table prepared separately for rural and 5 Technical diploma not equal to degree urban areas of the district gives the sex-wise distribution 6 Non-technical diploma not equal to degree of literacy and educational levels of each Scheduled 7 University degree or post-graduate degree Caste and Scheduled Tribe. other than technical degree 8 Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or 2. The data relating to urban areas are given in post-graduate degree Part A (i) and P~rt A (ii), the former dealing with Scheduled Castes and the latter dealing with Schedu­ 3. The data relating to rural areas are given in led Tribes. The classification of literacy levels is fur­ Part B (i) dealing with Scheduled Castes and Part B (ll) dealing with Scheduled Tribes. The population of nished below:- each Caste and Tribe is classified into:- 1 Illiterate 1 Illiterate 2 Literate (without educational level) 2 Literate (without educational level) 3 Prim,~ry or Junior Basic 3 Primary or Junior Basic and 4 Matdculation or Higher Secondary 4 Matriculation and above.

210 sar-m PART-A (i) EDUCATION IN URBAN AREAS ONLr FOR SOBEDULED CASTES

Educational levels University Technical degree or degree or Non- post- diploma Technical technical graduate equal to Literate Primary Matrieu- diploma diploma degree degree (without or lation or not not other than or post- educational Junior Higher dual to equal to technical graduate Total Illiterate levd) Basie Secondary egree degree degree degree Name of ~ ~ ~ ~ .. \ ,...... __._,~~ Scheduled caste M F M F' M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 IS

Q,UlLON DISTRICT

Total 5,846 5,808 3,330 4,264 1,702 1,123 705 383 86 32 6 23

1 Bharatar 2 2 Chakkiliyan 178 145 151 140 21 4 6 3 Kakkalan 27 33 20 24 4 7 3 2 4 Kanakkan or Padanna 5 Kuravan, Sidhanar 1,186 1,204- 752 970 288 172 132 56 12 6 2 6 Mannan 83 91 44 66 32 16 6 7 2 7 Nayadi 15 19 10 13 5 6 8 Pallan 11 12 -6 10 5 2 9 Palluvan 4 5 2 5 10 Panan 65 83 25 52 25 22 12 8 2 11 Paraiyan, Parayan (Sambavar) 124 125 76 90 31 25 12 8 5 2 12 Paravan 3 2 13 Perumannan 4 3 3 2

14- Pulayan 011 Cheramar 2,009 1,959 1,154 1,480 561 341 246 126 42 10 2 6 15 Thandan 1,598 1,625 846 1,095 530 399 202 123 14 7 6 16 Valluvan 8 7 7 5 2 17 Vannan 451 409 184 239 179 115 75 51 7 2 2 6 18 Velan 18 17 6 13 6 3 2 2 2 19 Vetan 62 67 46 59 10 8 6

211 106 14198-S Educationallevela ' University Technical degree or degree or Non- post- diploma Technical technical graduate equal to Literate Primary Matricu- diploma diploma degree degree (without or lation or not not other than or post- educational Junior Higher equal to equal to technical graduate Total Illiterate level) Basic Secondary degree degree degree degree Name of ~ .. r--"----. ~ •• ~~r-A--,~ Scheduled Tribe M F M F M F M F M F M FM FM FM F 2 3 4- 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Q,tJlLON DISTRICT

Total 10 8 3 6 5 2 1 1

Hill Pulaya 2 2 Malai Pandaram 8 6 3 5 3 3 Malakkuravan ... Malayan

212 SCT-m PART-B (i) EDUCATION IN RURAL AREAS O.NLT FOR SCHEDULED CASTES

Educational levels

Literate (without Primary or Matriculation Total Illiterate cducationa1level) Junior Basic and above Name of ,..---';"'______- Scheduled Caste M F M F M F M F M F

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11

Qun.ON DISTRICT

Total 107,124 108,341 72,382 88,449 25,843 15,550 7,956 4,110 32

1 Bharatar 2 4 3 2 1 2 Boyan 17 14 10 9 5 3 2 2 3 Chakkiliyan 172 156 140 148 29 8 3 4 Kakkalan 407 423 198 285 148 109 57 28 4 5 Kanakkan or Padanna 29 21 9 15 12 5 5 3 6 Kuravan, Sidhanat 41,397 42,413 31,587 37,729 7,530 3,817 2,095 829 185 38 7 Mannan 1,239 1,244 614 804 477 343 126 96 22 8 Nayadi 125 112 93 108 27 2 4 2 9 Pallan 1,500 1,450 1,181 1,348 277 98 36 3 6 10 Palluvan 83 97 40 67 35 20 6 9 2 11 Panan 1,364 1,379 650 891 546 396 151 88 17 4 12 Paraiyan, Parayan (Sambavar) 9,717 9,389 6,506 7,611 2,298 1,338 809 421 104 19 13 Paravan 185 207 104 164 65 40 16 3 14 Pathiyan 587 566 288 325 251 203 40 35 8 3 15 Perumannan 20 24 10 14 9 6 1 4 16 Pulayan or Cheramar 30,672 31,212 19,062 24,322 8,389 5,232 2,837 1,554 384 104 17 Thandan 12,780 12,919 6,989 9,085 4,343 3,008 1,315 800 133 26 18 Ulladan 25 31 23 29 2 2 19 Uraly 114 114 85 96 22 16 5 2 2 20 Vallon 1 3 3 21 Valluvan 11 14 9 14 2 22 Vannan 1,011 1,021 454 641 362 276 159 92 36 12' 23 Velan 1,103 1,109 427 639 495 355 154 99 27 10 24 Vetan 4,373 4,250 3,762 3,968 479 244- 128 38 4 25 Vettuvan 188, 169 140 131 37 28 7 4 4 Unclassified

213 10614198-13 SCT-m PART-B (0) EDUCATION IN RURAL AREAS ONLf' FOR. SCHEDULED TIUBES

Educational levels

Literate (without Primary or Matriculation Total Illiterate educationallevel) Junior Basic and above Name of -" \ Scheduled Tribe M F M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q,un.ON DISTRICT

Total 1,899 1,882 1,364 1,504 475 347 57 28 3 3

1 Eravallan 2 3 2 2 Hill Pulaya 118 104 56 61 61 43 3 Kadar 4 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 326 361 275 325 49 30 2 6 5 Koehu Velan 3 5 2 5 6 Malai Arayan 141 154 59 68 63 76 18 10 7 Malai Pandaram 225 187 223 185 2 8 Malai Vedan 226 217 163 176 61 41 2 9 Malakkuravan 108 104 97 100 11 4 10 Malayarayar 119 135 55 79 48 53 16 3 11 Mannan 36 24 8 11 14 6 12 5 2 2 12 Palliyar 58 64 27 52 31 12 IS UIIada~ (Hill dwellers) 435 402 319 338 112 59 4 4 1 14 Uraly 101 122 80 107 21 15

214 SCf..JV RELIGION FOR SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES

Fly-leaf

This table prepared in two parts, Part A dealing district the Scheduled Castes belong to Hindu religion with Scheduled Castes and Part B dealing with Sche­ only and hence Table SOT-IV Part A is not presented duled Tribes gives the classification of each Scheduled as the required information is available in Table Caste and Scheduled Tribe according to their religion SCT-I Part A. for the rural and urban areas of the distric,t. In this

,21.1 l06j4198-B SCT-IV PART-B RELIGION FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES

Name of religion Indefinite Religion Total Christians Hindus Muslims beliefs not stated Name of Rural ,------A----.. ~ ,---J---, ,-----'----. ~ Scheduled Tribe Urban p 1\1 F M F M F M F M F M F 2 :3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Q.UILON DISTRICT

Iota! R 3,781 1,899 1,882 147 148 1,752 1,734 U 18 10 8 2 10 6 1 Eravallan R 5 2 3 2 3 2 Hill Pulaya R 222 118 104 82 78 36 26 U 2 2 2 3 Kadar R Kanikaran or R 687 326 361 326 361 Kanikkar Kochu Velan R 8 3 5 3 5 1.6 Malai Arayan R 295 HI 154 2 139 154 7 Malai Pandaram R 412 225 187 225 187 U 14 8 6 8 6 8 Malai Vedan; R 443 226 217 226 217 9 Malakkuravan R 212 108 104 3 3 105 101 U 1 1 10 Malayan U 11 Malayarayar R 254 119 135 2 2 117 133 12 Mannan R 60 36 24 36 24 IS Palliyar R 122 58 64 58 64 14 Ulladan (Hill dwellers) R 837 435 402 435 401 3 101 122 101 122

216 SCT-V SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION CLASSIFIED BY INTEREST IN LAND AND SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED IN RURAL AREAS ONLY FOR MEMBERS OF SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES

Fly-leaf

This table gives data in respect of households of Owned or held from Government members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 2 Held from private persons or institutions for in a 20 per cent sample of all households in rural areas payment in money, kind or share of the district. It is prepared in two parts, Part A dealing with Scheduled Castes and Part B dealing with 3 Partly held from Government and partly from Scheduled Tribes. This table gives the number of private persons for payment in money, kind cultivating households and their distribution accord­ or share. ing to the interest in land cultivated such as-

217 SCT-V PART-A SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION CLASSIFIED BY INTEREST IN LAND AND SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED IN RURAL AREAS ONLY FOR MEMBERS OF SCHEDULED CASTES

(Households of members of Scheduled Castes in a 20 per cent sample of all households)

Households engaged in cultivatIon by size of land in acres Interest No. of in land cultivating Less than ,....-A--.. ,....-A--.. r--"---. r--"---.,...... -A---., ,.-~~ r---"--'"""\ cultivated households I 1.0-2.4 2.5-4.9 50-7.4 7.5-9.9 10.0-12.4 12.5-14.9 15.0-29.9 30.0-49.9 50+ Unspecified

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Qun.ON DISTRICT

Total 3,656 2,940 630 73 8 1 1 3 (a) 3,082 2,510 504 58 6 2 (b) 394 312 76 4

(c) 180 118 50 11

NOTE:-(a) Denotes owned or held from Government (b) held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share " partly held from Government and partly from private persons for payment in money, kind 01' share (c) "

SCT-V' PART-B SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN CULTIVATION CLASSIFIED BY INTEREST IN LAND AND SIZE OF LAND CULTIVATED IN RURAL AREAS ONLY FOR MEMBERS OF SCHEDULED TRIBES

(Households of members of Scheduled Tribes in a 20 per cent sample of all households)

Households engaged in cultivation by size of land in acres Interest No of ,.------"------____ in lanel cultivatwf,{ Le,s than ,.--"---, ,.--"---, ,.--"---, ,.--"---, ,.---"--~ ,----"----.. ~-v----"----., ,.---"-_., cultivated households I 1.0-2.4 2.5-49 5 0-7.4 7 5-9.9 10.0-12 4 12 5-14.9 15.0-299 30.0-49.9 50+ Unspecified

1 - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Qun.ON DISTRICT

Total 105 10 50 26 17 2 (a) 104 9 50 26 17 2

(b)

KOTE: -(a) Denotes owned or held from Government I b) held from private persons or instituti<'lns for payment in money, kind or share

218 SQ.I PERSONS NOT AT WORK. CLASSIFIED BY SEX, TYPE OF ACl'IVITY AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS FOR SCHEDULED CASTIW

Fly-leaf

This table prepared for total, rural and urban persons seeking employment for the first time, persons areas of the district gives the sex-wise classification of employed before but now out of employment and non-workers among Scheduled Castes according to seeking work and others. The educational levels are their literacy and educational levels and according to the same as that followed in Table SOT-III Part B. the type of activity such as full time I students,

219 SC-I PERSONS NOT AT WORK CLASSIFIED BY SEX, TYPE OF ACTIVITY AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS FOR SCHEDULED CASTES

Persons seeking Total non-working Full-time employment for Unemployed but _t; , population 1':1Ir~ students the first time seeking work Others ,----A-----. ,-----"------, ,-----"------, ~ Educational levels P M F M F M F M F Nt: F

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1O 11 12

QUILON DISTRICT-TOTAL

Total 120,845 54,704 66,141 23,626 17,893 579 114 109 37 30,390 48,097

Illiterate 85,780 35,667 50,113 6,561 5,975 139 32 52 28 28,915 44,078 Literate (without educatlOnallevel) 24,163 12,180 11,983 10,695 8,520 169 24- 27 7 1,289 3,432 Primary or Jumor Basic 10,0:il 6,191 3,860 5,894 3,280 107 10 23 167 570 Matriculation or HIgher Secondary 767 598 169 414 102 160 48 7 2 17 17 Above Matriculation or Higher Secondary 84- 68 16 62 16 4 2

QUILON DISTRICT-RURAL

Total 114,462 51,857 62,605 22,372 16,905 508 100 94 30 28,883 45,570 Illiterate 81,3GO 34,094 47,766 6,444 5,353 119 31 46 24 27,485 41,853 Literate (without educational level) 22,568 1l,426 11,142 10,037 7,915 139 16 24 5 1,226 3,206 Primary or Junior Basic 9,277 5,742 3,535 5,480 3,029 92 10 17 153 496 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 691 542 149 364 90 154 43 7 17 15 Above Matriculation or Higher Secondary 66 53 13 47 13 4 2

QUILON DISTRICT-URBAN

Total 6,383 2,847 3,536 1,254 988 71 14 15 7 1,507 2,527 Illiterate 3,920 l,573 2,347 117 117 20 1 6 4 1,430 2,225 Literate (without educational level) 1.595 754 841 658 605 30 8 3 2 63 226 Primary or Junior BaSIC 774 449 325 414 251 15 6 14 74 MatriculatIOn or Higher Secondary 76 56 20 50 12 6 5 2 Above :\[atrIculation or Higher Secondary 18 15 3 15 3

PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK-RURAL Total 17,142 7,125 10,017 3,128 2,529 41 • 5 3,951 7,480 Illiterate 12,105 4,700 7,405 937 838 3 3,760 6,567 Literate (without educational level) 4,003 1,819 2,184 1,628 1,322 9 181 861 Primary or Junior Basic 924 531 393 519 345 4 1 7 48 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 99 69 30 39 19 24 7 3 3 4 Above Matriculation or Higher Secondary 11 6 5 5 5

KUNNATHUR TALUK-RURAL

Total 19,362 8,886 10,476 4,004 3,168 70 10 4 I 4,808 7,297 Illiterate 14,674 6,317 8,357 1,663 1,510 18 4,635 6,847 Literate (without educational level) 2,881 1,472 1,409 1,311 1,027 14 2 I 146 379 Primary or Junior Basic 1,655 975 680 942 610 7 2 24 70 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 141 113 28 81 19 29 8 3 1 Above Matriculation or Higher Secondary 11 9 2 7 2 2 220 SQ.I PERSoNS NOT AT WORK, CLASSlFIED BY SEX, nPE or ACTIVITY AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS FOR SOHEDULED CASTES~

Persons seeking Total non-working Full-time employment for Unemployed but population students the first time seeking work Others ,.---A----, ,.---A----, ,.---A----, ~ Educationalleve1s P M F M F M F M F M F

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL

Total 13,660 6,157 7,503 2,952 2,256 80 15 17 3 3,108 5,229 Illiterate 8,413 3,373 5,040 457 433 11 6 6 3 2,899 4,598 Literate (without educational level) 3,564 1,772 1,792 1,548 1,281 31 3 9 184 508 Primary or Junior Basic 1,594 942 652 901 529 16 1 2 23 122 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 82 65 17 41 11 22 5 2 1 Above Matriculation or Higher Secondary 7 5 2 5 2

QUILON TALUK-RURAL

Total 24,148 11,359 12,789 5,142 3,712 180 29 36 12 6,001 9,03b Illiterate 15,571 6,509 9,062 800 737 46 7 16 10 5,647 8,308 Literate (without educational level) 5,842 3,065 2,777 2,698 2,181 52 7 9 2 306 587 Primary or Junior Basic 2,534 1,625 909 1,534 767 42 5 7 42 137 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 178 141 37 94 23 39 10 4 4 4 Above Matriculation or Higher Secondary 23 19 4 16 4 2

KOTTARAKARA TALUK-RURAL

Total 24,008 10,874 13,134 4,553 3,290 79 12 4 2 6,238 9,830 Illiterate 17,837 7,318 10,519 1,356 1,281 11 3 1 1 5,950 9,234 Literate (without educational level) 4,153 2,204 1,949 1,935 1,422 20 3 1 1 248 523 Primary or Junior Basic 1,864 1,221 643 1,163 574 19 1 2 37 68 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 142 119 23 87 13 29 5 3 5 Above Matriculation or Higher Secondary 12 12 12

PATHANAPURAM TALUK-RURAL

Total 16,142 7,456 8,686 2,593 1,950 58 26 28 12 4,777 6,698 5,877 .. Illiterate 13,260 7,383 1,231 1,059 30 15 22 10 4,594 6,299 Literate (without educational level) 2,125 1,094 1,031 917 682 13 3 1 161 348 Primary or Junior Basic 706 448 258 421 204 4 3 3 20 51 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 49 35 14 22 5 11 8 2 Above Matriculation or Higher - Secondary 2 2 2

, J 221 ST,.J MOTHER TONGUE AND BIUNGUALISM FOil SCHEDULED TRIBES

Fly.leaf

This table prepared for the district gives in respect speaking various subsidiary languages in addition to of each Scheduled Tribe the sex-wise distribution their mother tongues. of speakers of different mother tongues and persons

222 Mother tongue and total number of persons returned as speaking a language subsidiary to the mother Total speakers tongue Name of Scheduled Tribe Males Females Males Females Subsidlary Language 2 3 4- 5 6

QUILON DISTRICT-TOTAL MALAYALAM

1 EravalIan 2 3 2 Hill Pulaya 118 106 English (MI ) 3 Kadar 4 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 326 361 5 Kochu Velan 3 5 6 Malai Arayan 14-1 154 2 English (M2 ) 7 Malai Pandaram 231 192 8 Malai Vedan 226 217 English (Ml ) 9 Malakkuravan 109 104 10 Malayan 11 Malayarayar 119 135 12 Mannan 36 24 2 3 English (M2, F3) 13 Ulladan (Hill dwellers) 435 402 2 1 English (M2, Fl) 14 Uraly 101 122

TAMIL

1 Malai Pandaram 2 1 2 English (M2 ) 2 PalIiyar 5B 64

QUILON DISTRICT-RURAL

MALAYALAM

\ Eravallan 2 3 2 Hill Pulaya 118 104 English (MI ) 3 Kadar 4 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 326 361 5 Kochu Velan 3 5 6 Malai Arayan 141 154 2 English (M2) 7 Malai Pandaram 225 187 8 Malai Vedan 226 217 English (MI) 9 Malakkuravan lOB 104- 10 Malayarayar 119 135 11 Mannan 36 24- 2 3 English (M2, FS) 12 Ulladan (Hill dwellers) 4-35 402 2 English (M2, FI) 13 Uraly 101 122

TAMIL

Palliyar 58 64

ll-Males F-Females 223 ST.n: PERSONS NOT AT WORK CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND < TYPE OF ACI'IVI'l'Y . FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES

Fly-Jeaf

This table prepared for the district gives the type employment for the first time, persons employed before of activity ot the non-working population of Scheduled but now out of employment and seeking work and Tribes such as fuH-time students, persons seeking others in respect of Scheduled Tribes by sex.

224 ST-U PERSONS NOT AT WORK. CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND TYPE OF ACTIVITY FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES

Persons seeking Total non-working Full-time employment for Unemployed but population__,. students the first time seeking work Others Name of Scheduled Tribe ~ ,----A------.. ,------A------. ~ P M F M F M F M F M F 2 3, 4 :3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Qun.ON DISTRICI'-TOTAL Total 2,411 at3 1,518 324 298 2 567 1,220 1 Eravallan 2 1 2 Hill Pulaya 149 56 93 24 22 32 71 3 Kadar 1 I 4 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 439 168 271 61 61 107 210 5 Kochu Velan 7 2 5 4 2 1 6 Malai Arayan 213 69 144- 33 39 36 105 7 Malai Pandaram 182 93 89 I 91 89 8 Malai Vedan 3Il III 200 41 39 70 161 9 Malakkuravan 143 47 96 12 5 35 91 10 Malayarayar 102 42 60 13 24 29 36 Mannan 44 II 26 18 19 6 7 12 Palliyar 62 12 29 33 11 9 18 24 13 Ulladan (Hill dwellers) 608 218 390 89 60 129 330 14 Uraly 148 30 118 20 29 10 89

Qun.ON DISTRICT-RURAL Total 2,403 890 1,513 323 297 2 565 1,216 1 Eravallan 2 1 Hill Pulaya 2 148 56 92 24 21 32 71 3 Kadar 1 1 I 4 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 439 168 271 61 61 107 210 5 Kochu Velan, 7 2 5 4 2 6 Malai Arayan 213 69 144 33 39 36 105 7 Malai Pandaram 175 90 85 89 85 Malai Vedan 311 8 III 200 41 39 70 161 9 Malakkuravan 143 47 96 12 5 35 91 10 Malayarayar 102 42 60 13 24 29 36 Mannan 44 11 26 18 19 6 7 12 Palliyar 62 12 29 33 II 9 18 24 Ulladan (Hill dwellers) 608 13 218 390 89 60 129 330 14 Uraly 148 30 '118 20 29 10 89

Q,UILON DISTRICT-URBAN Total 8 3 5 1 1 2 4 I Hill Pulaya I Malai Pandaram 7 3 2 4 a 4 225 1061419S-B ST-n PERSONS NOT AT WORK CLASSMED BY SEX AND TYPE OF ACTIVlTY FOR SCHEDULED TlUBES-concld.

Persons seeking Total non-working Full-time employment for Unemployed but population students the first time seeking work Others ,...-.~ ~ r---"----t. '"'\ Name of Scheduled Tribe P M F M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4- 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

PATHANAMTIIITTA TALUK-RURAL Hill Pulaya 148 56 92 24 21 32 71 Kochu Velan 7 2 5 4 2 1 3 Malai Arayan 213 69 144 33 39 36 105 4 Malai Pandaram 28 15 13 15 13 5 Malai Vedan 263 100 163 39 31 61 132 6 Malakkuravan 143 47 96 12 5 35 91 7 Malayarayar 13 13 4 9 8 Palliyar 62 29 33 11 9 18 24 9 Ulladan (Hill dwellers) 608 218 390 89 60 129 330 10 Uraly 148 30 118 20 29 10 89

KUNNATHURTALUK-RURAL 1 Eravallan 2 1 2 Kadar 1

KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK-RURAL 1 Mannan 9 6 3 5 2

QUILON TALUK-RURAL 1 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 1 2 Malai Pandaram 3 2 2 3 Malai Vedan 7 2 5 5 4- Mannan 32 18 14 14 5 4 9

KOTTARAKARA TALUK-RURAL

1 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 123 52 71 20 16 32 55 2 Malai Pandaram 1 1 1 3 Malai Vedan 11 3 8 5 3 3

PATHANAPURAM TALUK-RURAL

1 Kanikaran or Kanikkar 315 116 199 41 44 75 155 2 Malai Pandaram 143 72 71 71 71 S Malai Vedan 30 6 24 3 5 21 .. Malayarayar 89 42 47 13 20 29 27 ,. Mannan 3 2 2

226 PART C VILLAGE DIRECTORY

10614198C ERRATA

Page Column Line For Read

6 2 40 Malayalapuzha Edanadn Malayalapuzha Edanadu 8 2 42 Kozhencherry Kozhenchery 12 2 12 Angadikkal Thekkekara Angadickal Thekkekara 22 2 26 Thottinu Vaduku Thottinu Vadukku 24 2 36 Karicodu Karikodu 22 16 2 74 79 13 249 244 " " 33 17 35 7 36 16 42 272 282 38 2 27 thekke Muri 'Thekke Muri 45 . ight hand side Top corner PRIMARY CENSUS KERALASTATE 48 8 45 1,585 622 49 1,203 1,344 " 49 Last column 9 9 8 50 2 25 Punnamonela Punnamon Ela 26 Chareparambj Chareparambu " " 29 Katampalli Kattampalli " 5 33 ]02 112 19 31 1,1249 11,249 " 52 2 44 Pudavoor Pidavoor 54 2 8 Cheranadu Choranadu 31 Erathu Vadakku Earathu Vadakku " \" 9· 44 91 97 "

J) 2 47 Avaniswarm Avaniswaram 56 2 19 Edamulakkal Edamulackal 82 1 1 33 331 90 2 81. No. 15<1 Elanthoor pariyaram Elanthoor Pariyaram PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT

1. The Primary Census Abstract is presented down to block considered agricultural labourer ilhe was working in another person's IevI:l for urban areas and kara level for rural areas land only as labourer without exercising any supervision or direc­ tion in cultivation for wages in cash, kind or share such as a share Occ:apied Census House of produce. He should have no right or lease or contract on land on 2. A census house is a structure or part of a structure, inhabited which he works, nor should he be responsible for taking decisions or vacant, giving on the road or a common staircase or a common as to which crop to sow and when, or taking the risks of cultivation. courtyard leading to a main gate or enjoying a separate entrance. A person was considered as working in household industry if the It may be a dwelling, a shop, a shop-cum-dwelpng, a workshop­ industry comes within the definition of the household industry. A worker may be an employer, i.e., a person who hires one or more cum-

1061 4198C !J .Beggars, vagrants, independent women without indication &bould have embraced production, processing, servicing or repairing of source of income or others of unspecified sources of existence and included making and selling of goods. The following three tests were laid down to determine whether an industry is a household 6 Convicts in jails and inmates of penal, mental and charitable industry or not:- iDBtitutions (a) Household industry should embrace, manufacturing, 7 Persons seeking employment for the first time and processing, servicing or repairing and may include sale but should 8 Persons employed before, but were out of employment and not be confined simply to buying and selling. At least part of the were seeking work during the reference period. goods offered for sale from the household should be manufactured The following industrjal calsaification has been adopted for the or processed by members of the household. primary economic classification of population:- (b) Household industry should be on a household scale I Working as Cultivator where the workers mainly will be the head of the household himself and members of the household, the role of hired workers from out­ II Working as Agricultural Labourer side being of secondary importance. Thus, in any household III Working in Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry' industry, members of the household should be in a position to Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, Orchards and a.llied lend a hand in the industry whenever they find time in the course activities of their daily chores. Household industry cannot, therefore, be on the scale of a registered factory but can use machinery and IV Working at Household Industry employ power like steam engine or oil engine or electricity to drive the machinery. V Working in Manufacturing other than Household Industry (c) Location is also important, for proximity decides parti­ Working in Construction VI cipation by members of the household. In a village this partici­ VII Working in Trade and Commerce pation is possible if the household industry is located at home or within the village, because village organisation is such as makes it VIII Working in Transport, Storage and Communications possible for members of the household to move about freely in the IX Working in Other Services village to look after their work. In urban areas such a free movement is not possible and, therefore, in urban areas, only those industries X Non-workers which are located at home can be considered for purposes of b:mJeo hold industry. Where, however, part of the work is done outside Houaehold Industry the howe e.g., preparing and dyeing the yam for weaving or 9. For purposes of enumeration an industry was considered winding into warp and woof or cleaning metal surfaces before to be a household industry if it was below the scale of a registered electroplating in baths, it should still be considered a household factory conducted by the head of the household himself andlor indwtry, even in urban areas, as the main operation of weaving mainly by members of the household at home or within a village or of electroplating is conducted within the house: and only one in rural areas and only at home in urban areal. The industry or two operations are conducted outside.

4 (i) PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT

Quilon District Pathanamthitta Taluk Kunnathur " Karunagapally " Qillon " Kottarakara " Pathanapuram "

1.0614:198C PRDlARY CENSUS QUILON DISTBlOf

Occupied residential houses Literate and DistrictfTalukf ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Cades Tribes persons I-IX 81. Village/Karal in No. of house- r--"---I I , ~ ,.....--A---., No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

qUlLON DISTRICT T 1169498.85 328673 338339 1941228 972657 968571 112970 nue 1909 1890 562044 418416 445188 186162 R 1159936.22 307101 315097 1796992 898746 898246 107124 108341 1899 1882 514173 383272 412203 174451 U 9562.63 21572 23242 144236 73911 70325 5846 5808 10 8 47871 35144 112985 11711

PATHANAMTHlTTA PATHANAMTHITTA TALUK T 488172.41 57684 59088 333310 167540 16577G 14853 14664 1203 1169 106070 88457 77312 16047

Highland Villages

Angadi 5,120.85 2,291 2,307 14,129 7,052 7,077 224 227 4,549 3,979 3,012 370 1 Angadi 1,645 1,659 10,332 5,163 5,169 173 176 .. 3,368 3,014 2,171 266 2 Vengali 80 80 484 243 241 .. 168 141 103 19 3 Pullupuram 379 380 2,249 1,108 1,141 25 25 660 527 501 67 4 Vara'Voor 187 188 1,064 538 526 26 26 353 297 237 18 2 pazhavangadi 6,537.36 2,170 2,206 13,425 6,705 6,720 224 219 44- 42 4,509 3,989 2,849 427 1 pazhavangadi 1,583 1,609 9,862 4,903 4,959 146 152 3,309 2,942 2,084 332 2 Karikulam 245 252 1,518 759 759 43 44- 464- 413 312 56 3 Mankuzhi 122 124 730 373 357 7 4 271 248 153 20 4 Iythala ~03 203 1,229 626 603 28 19 449 375 274 19 Ranni Range 17 18 86 44 42 44 42 16 11 26 8 Chethekkal 13,-W1.87 3,887 3,999 23,414 11,959 11,455 1,100 1,027 246 220 7,451 6,115 5,288 931 1 Chethekkal 1,083 1,110 6,783 3,395 3,388 417 411 2,215 1,962 1,476 258 2 Kunnam 2,133 2,2lO 12,935 6,702 6,233 474 415 4,164 3,256 2,963 608 Ranni Range 671 679 3,696 1,862 1,834 209 201 246 220 1,072 897 849 65

4 Perunadu 15,296.00 3,768 4,113 23,314 12,125 11,189 1,220 1,140 397 412 7,174 5,327 5,560 1,106 1 Karikulam 638 649 4,099 2,126 1,973 179 143 1,394 1,153 939 179 2 Madamon North 134 134 842 435 407 23 22 278 236 188 18 3 Madamon South 387 390 2,208 1,143 1,065 122 109 738 548 495 81 4- Kakkadu 339 356 2,141 1,142 999 71 70 756 553 492 68 5 Perunadu 1,901 2,212 12,167 6,343 5,824 797 756 59 43 3,612 2,551 2,984 717 Ranni Range 369 372 1,857 936 921 28 40 338 369 396 286 462 43 5 Vadasserikara 13,567.22 5,664 5,838 31,326 16,026 15,300 1,640 1,578 360 351 9,919 7,952 7,786 1,223 1 Cherukulanji 522 527 3,227 1,594 1,633 65 58 1,084 1,014 677 68 2 Kumaramperoor North 3,517 3,604 18,789 9,627 9,162 1,158 1,076 28 24 5,812 4,578 4,667 825 3 Kumaramperoor South 940 965 5,624- 2,765 2,859 248 269 1,760 1,659 1,270 266 4 Edakulam 188 190 1,095 565 530 33 41 447 333 260 26 5 Vadassenkara I7l 172 1,067 521 546 13 18 295 254 224 19 Vadasserikara Range 326 380 1,524 954- 570 123 116 332 327 521 114 688 19

6 Malayalapuzha 6,789.57 2,331 2,48~ 13,824 7,029 6,795 1,151 1,156 58 64 4,239 3,273 3,169 893 1 MaJayalapuzha Thazham 284 288 1,675 843 832 60 63 ... 537 432 381 35 2 Malayalapuzha Eram 1,126 1,262 6,726 3,447 3,279 B66 840 58- 64 1,984- 1,444- 1,566 606 S Malayalapuzha Edanadn 305 306 1,674- 845 829 73 69 524 385 393 78 4- Malaya1apuzha Nalloor 616 633 3,749 1,894 1,855 152 184 - 1,194 1,012 829 174- 6 HERA I. A. STATE

Workers In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing. Hunting and II'!. Manu­ Plantations, facturing In Transport, Ail Agri­ Orchards At House­ other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con­ and Communi­ In Other Non­ Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ,-----A-----, r----'----. ,-----A-----, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

169413 30990 60272 26422 33286 5214 16645 1389M 46142 60978 5639 93 27183 1751 13395 212 13013 21518 527469 782409 T 167510 3079059533 26345 30449 5152 16017 37760 38260 54281 4998 85 22323 1549 10500 181 62613 18308 486543 723795 R 1903 200 739 77 2837 62 628 1224 8082 6697 641 8 4860 202 2895 31 10400 3210 40926 58614 U

TALUK

40710 4990 8531 4265 ~73 1649 1080 632 3,987 127 940 18 3342 132 1232 21 12517 4213 90228 149723 T

1,354 70 278 73 110 41 17 203 7 36 232 9 69 3 689 189 4,040 6,707 976 55 235 64 78 33 10 123 2 29 172 8 49 2 476 124 2,992 4,903 1 41 2 5 1 15 2 17 1 4 20 14 140 222 2 228 9 18 7 26 5 5 42 3 3 32 10 1 137 41 607 1,074 3 109 4 20 2 5 3 2 23 4 11 6 56 10 301 508 4 1,088 61 395 89 170 6 30 17 255 6 29 194 2 90 598 246 3,856 6,293 2 768 43 312 64 129 5 24 13 183 4 24 130 72 - 442 202 2,819 4,627 1 148 8 41 21 14 2 29 1 1 9 6 62 26 . 447 703 2 44 4 16 4 7 4 4 24 1 3 26 6 23 7 220 337 3 116 6 12 20 19 1 29 6 71 11 352 584 4 12 14 18 4'1 2,161 264 753 258 539 35 62 17 210 2 35 188 10 55 1,285 345 6,671 10,524 3 439 23 \ 249 78 269 12 13 2 90 1 12 66 7 24 314 135 1,919 3,130 1 1,287 230 444 180 244 21 34 11 113 1 20 116 3 18 687 162 3,739 5,625 2 435 11 60 26 2 15 4 7 3 6 13 284 48 1,013 1,769 1,650 162 310 57 1,442 446 79 51 288 5 88 166 6 59 1,448 378 6,565 10,083 4 357 23 42 3 130 5 16 12 38 4 37 2 12 303 133 1,187 1,794 1 103 9 38 1 6 1 2 1 9 1 4 2 23 6 247 389 2 165 24 17 93 32 3 5 50 1 16 3 147 19 648 984 3 153 12 '19 4 117 22 3 1 27 2 6 17 11 139 27 650 931 4 735 87 157 23 975 384 48 32 153 2 69 88 3 28 731 185 3,359 5,107 5 137 7 67 26 121 2 7 11 7 4 3 105 8 474 878 4,672 481 838 328 446 115 62 34 294 13 45 5 195 87 2 1,147 241 8,240 14,077 5 418 27 49 5 52 2 3 33 2 11. 8 101 32 917 1,565 1 3,061 337 553 233 307 112 48 25 143 9 34 5 93 3 41 387 101 4,960 8,337 2 646 81 171 B4 59 7 6 79 3 8 66 31 203 90 1,495 2,593 3 170 11 11 3 2 21 9 4 43 10 305 504 4 102 12 30 3 16 14 1 1 8 3 50 3 297 527 5 275 13 24 10 1 5 4 7 363 5 266 551 1,697 157 322 132 562 462 12 7 166 11 15 59 3 13 323 120 3,860 5,902 6 294 15 23 6 1 6 4 2 4 .. IP 8 4 39 10 462 797 1 581 58 189 78 466 405 5 109 7 4 34 3 175 58 1,881 2,673 2 222 21 46 17 27 16 1 3 25 1 7 •. 7 1 3 55 19 452 751 3 600 63 64 31 68 41 30 3 1M 10 2 3 54 33 1,065 1,681 4 7 1061 4198C OC4ll1piod 1'C!idenlial ROuses Literate and District/Taluk/ ,....---A---, Total ~w;nbeJ' of .5cheduled Jched1lled educated Total Worhra Town/Ward/Block! Area No. of penons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX 4. A 8L Village/Kara/ in No. of hQuse- ~ , , ~ f \ No. Forest range IICleI houses holds Penons Males Females I{ F F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10 •11 12 13 14 15 16 HighlaJ:ad ViUace_coneld. 7 Konnithazham 4,442.87 2,890 2,908 15,603 7,948 7,655 mil 871 4,502 3,465 3,898 595 1 Vettoor 446 448 2,552 1,298 1,254 66 61 ... 828 669 590 65 2 Konnithazham 2,#4 2,460 13,051 6,650 6,4:01 815 810 - 3,674- 2,796 3,308 530 8 Pramadam 9,167.84 4,042 4,075 21,732 10,934 10,798 1,135 1,114 35 31 6,940 5,544 5,316 1,165 1 Palamaroor 59 61 346 178 168 108 95 78 7 2 Valanchoozhi 136 138 723 344- 379 47 39 232 214 177 47 3 Maroor 109 109 545 251 294 28 37 163 163 131 41 t framadam 552 557 2,972 1,534 1,438 135 131 1,093 865 750 170 Vettoor 492 497 2,1Wi 1,351 1,295 99 98 863 639 623 110 6 Mannumbhagam 141 141 760 373 387 11 6 263 222 184 23 7 Elakolloor 589 590 3,344 1,675 1,669 144- 158 993 805 812 140 8 Kottayam 1,949 1,967 10,331 5,194 5,137 691 645 1 3,219 2,535 2,544- 626 Konni Range 15 IS 65 34 31 34 31 6 6 17 1 9 Konni 9,399.97 3,355 3,408 19,286 9,734 9,552 762 768 I 5,643 4,344- 4,582 1,268 1 Mangaram 1,521 1,532 8,831 4,492 4,339 250 257 1 2,785 2,099 2,107 347 2 Aruvapalam 1,834 1,876 10,455 5,242 5,213 512 511 2,858 2,245 2,475 921 10 Iravon 2,680.45 1,556 1,583 8,727 4,452 4,275 338 326 2,688 2,081 2,170 366 1 Konnithazham 511 529 3,057 1,555 1,502 96 81 930 736 751 115 2 Iravon 1,045 1,054 5,670 2,897 2,773 242 245 1,758 1,345 1,419 231 Uns\U'Veyed forest area, Outside village boundary (Naduvathu MU7.bi Range and Mannarapal'll Range) 3.)8,553.60 15 15 75 +2 33 4:1 33 27 20 MicUand Villages II Ranni 5,297.57 2,746 2,776 15,898 7,924- 7,974: 480 4:71 12 10 5,359 4-,577 3,617 551 1 Perum.puzha 82 85 428 240 188 3 158 123 129 ,6 2 Mundapuzba 121 122 726 372 354 230 187 166 17 3 Thottamon 573 581 3,509 1,738 1,771 54 53 1,227 1.018 816 118 4 Vaikom 542 548 3,161 1,559 1,602 158 152 It 7 1,039 894 724 126 5 Puthusserimala 699 702 3.817 1,289 1.928 112 114 1,317 1,097 870 131 6 Mekkozhoor 729 738 4,257 2,1~6 2,131 153 152 4: 3 1,388 1,258 912 153

12 Cherukole 3,856.24- 2,017 2,043 11,547 5,730 5,817 207 218 6 6 3,976 3,i68 ~7 .8i41 1 Cherukole 531 548 3,111 1,554 1,557 56 64 1,117 t69 726 78 2 Kattoor 524- 528 2,768 1,381 1,387 76 77 876 660 637 1O~ 3 Vayalathala 558 562 3,287 1,611 1,676 60 62 6 6 1.207 1,200 693 88 4: Keekorooor 404 405 2,381 1,184- 1,197 15 15 776 779 501 70 13 Mallapuzhasseri 5,204.27 3,507 3,678 21,786 10,606 11,180 802 822 7,251 6,908 4,635 1.203 1 Keezhukara 208 212 1,249 603 646 3 3 444 453 262 93 2 Melukara 318 326 1,877 899 978 26 23 473 498 384 93 3 Kozhencherry 917 965 6,073, 2,969 3,104 176 185 2,090 1,985 1,252 266 4 Vanchitra 337 344- 2,092 1,026 1,066 129 126 752 673 430 190 5 Mallapuzhasseri 348 410 2,233 1,108 1,125 16 24 796 736 477 94 6 Kunnathukara 77 85 474 217 257 3 2 151 145 104 20 7 ~davOQ 16 17 90 44 46 13 11 28 18 20 9 8 Parapur 34 36 205 100 105 ,. .. - - 73 68 49 16 9 Kanjilavally 78 81 -WI 223 258 31 32 157 148 117 17

8 Workers

In Mining, QjJarrying, Live«oc:k, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu­ Plantations, facturing In TraDIpOrt, As Agri­ Orchards At Howe­ other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con­ and Communi­ In Other NOD­ Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce catiOIlJ Services Worken I II III IV V VI VIIi VIII IX X ,---J-~ ,.---A---... ~ ,.---A---... r--"----, ~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F .M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

2,866 228 373 169 96 25 41 18 103 9 85 4 17 308 151 4,050 7,060 7 435 32 60 24 9 7 5 24 2 19 8 26 4 708 1,189 1 2,431 196 313 145 87 25 34- 13 79 7 66 4 9 282 147 3,342 5,871 2 3,614 546 464 341 128 3 172 92 209 3 34- 139 8 37 519 171 5,618 9,633 8 48 5 1 11 1 5 1 3 3 6 1 100 161 1 120 14 23 2Q 1 6 7 6 4 4 2 2 11 4 167 332 2 85 16 20 2~ 8 1 1 3 I 12 3 120 253 3 462 60 36 6 28 23 36 " 7 32 7 136 43 784 1,268 4 455 66 22 4~ 9 23 6 14 1 3 17 2 78 30 728 1,185 5 153 16 2 3 1 4 4 1 1 19 3 189 364 6 590 67 77 45 4 42 14 23 7 15 5 49 14 863 1,529 7 1~684 301 284 203 86 3 71 38 120 2 11 64 6 16 208 73 2,650 4,511 8 17 1 17 30 1,941 192 470 233 773 507 119 43 256 16 61 244- 11 72 646 266 5,152 8,284 9 929 100 154 60 107 2 59 15 142 1 29 189 7 50 448 162 2,385 3,992 I 1,012 92 316 173 666 505 60 28 114- 15 32 55 4 22 198 104 2,767 4,292 2 1,227 100 390 149 135 28 15 14 80 4- 42 3 25 252 72 2,282 3,909 10 364 23 133 35 41 27 3 2 42 3 26 1 12 127 27 804 1,387 1 863 77 257 114 94 1 12 12 38 1 16 2 13 125 45 1,478 2,522 2

26 20 15 13

1,728 239 192 19 164 3 51 24 223 7 99 193 128 839 254 4,307 7,423 II 18 1 2, 5 10 7 1 10 22 54 5 111 182 1 29 1 10 1 1 21 3 23 8 71 15 206 337 2 280 39 2 54 7 9 74- 2 18 66 55 260 65 922 1,653 3 347 33 35 4 41 12 6 41 2 5 30 19 194 79 835 1,476 4 476 63 60 8 42 9 4 36 3 54 45 10 138 51 1,019 1,797 5 578 102 93 7 12 12 4 44 18 19 14 122 39 1,214 1,978 6 1;585 139 S75 95 !f7 28 5 1M 3 ,]:8 152 5 29 .279 m 3;173 5,476 L2 433 ~O 102 28 8 9 43 II 24 9 87 18 828 1,479 1 412 55 87 27 10 7 2 17 4 45 3 3 52 15 744 1,282 2 392 32 126 24 6 9 2 31 1 43 1 4- 81 28 918 1,588 3 298 22 60 16 13 3 1 33 2 20 1 13 59 30 683 1,127 4 1,854 270 490 338 85 54 41 445 16 63 2 388 17 183 3 1,073 506 5,971 9,977 13 133 21 32 10 4 7 13 17 6 12 8 43 49 341 553 1 151 27 24 5 9 2 1 30 6 13 34 1 9 112 53 515 885 2 400 48 80 45 13 II 3 185 5 13 2 190 4 65 2 295 157 1,717 2,838 3 149 46 54 '63 15 9 5 20 2 9 ,. 53 2 34 87 72 596 876 !l: 131 28 21 2 14- 2 9 60 9 27 9 38 175 45 631 1,031 5 19 6 1 18 1 9 1 7 49 13 1I3 237 6 5 1 1 7 .. 1 1 12 1 24 37 7 20 5 ... 10 1 18 11 51 89 8 44 5 9 11 7 9 4 38 I 106 241 •

9 PBlMARY CENSUS qUILON DISTRIOl

Occupied residential houses Literate and Dutnct/Taluk/ ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Blockl Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX 51. Village/Karat in No. of house- ~ ,---A--. r---A--. ~ No. Forest range acres houses holdi Persons Malea Females Ii( ~F M F :M F M F I 2 :3 4- 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Midland Villages-collttl. 10 Onthekadu 97 102 628 312 316 122 115 201 165 132 39 11 Karthaviam 158 161 891 443 448 37 31 319 294 192 52 12 Karamveli 323 332 1,926 944 982 99 108 570 507 423 119 13 Punnakkadu 170 172 1,046 521 525 2 3 360 347 229 44 14 Kurumthar 80 80 484 241 243 65 66 145 110 124 37 15 Kuzhikala 346 355 2,037 956 1,081 80 93 692 741 440 114 14 Elanthoor 3,729.33 2,178 2,186 12,296 6,015 6,281 679 661 4,041 3,779 2,788 731 I Elanthoor Pariyaram 796 801 4,327 2,152 2,175 365 325 1,477 1,340 1,062 306 2 Elanthoor Mekku 748 748 4,317 2,107 2,210 184 191 1,396 1,308 949 250 3 Elanthoor Kizhakku 634 637 3,652 1,756 1,896 13O 145 1,168 1,131 777 175 15 Chennerkara 4,818.36 2,933 2,947 16,416 8,100 8,316 923 961 5,424 4,664 3,800 961 1 Muttathukonam 593 596 3,194 1,585 1,609 187 198 1,007 851 713 217 2 Chennerkara 549 553 3,134 1,545 1,589 183 176 1,040 885 739 173 3 Prakanam 1,078 1,080 6,117 3,036 3,081 331 343 2,214 1,899 1,417 316 4 Cheekanal 10 10 58 29 29 5 6 15 13 13 1 5 Thompamon Eram 703 708 3,913 1,905 2,008 217 238 1,148 1,016 918 254 '16 Omalloor 3595.39 2,284 2,333 12,853 6,421 6,432 544 553 4,235 3,747 2,936 751 1 Cheekanal 94- 94 516 252 264- 17 15 173 155 115 29 2 Parayanali 407 410 2,157 1,064 1,093 183 193 678 631 505 159 3 Puthenpeedika 186 196 1,109 544 565 81 86 345 324 227 54 4 Mannaramala 86 87 524 261 263 9 14 176 157 114 35 5 Meloottubhagam 61 62 391 188 203 24 23 119 118 83 44 6 Imali Kizhekku 62 63 328 17I 157 3 4 128 101 78 12 7 Imali Mekku 61 62 375 175 200 15 19 119 118 85 19 8 Manjinikara 282 287 1,587 788 799 32 34 573 496 357 77 9 Panniali 2M 209 1,161 589 572 14 II 384 336 263 37 10 Attarigham 185 190 1,027 509 518 12 13 341 326 265 46 11 Paivallibhal]:am 197 205 1,09Q 551 539 88 72 306 260 257 154 12 Mullanikadu 112 113 633 329 304 8 7 244 188 138 13 13 Vazhamuttam 347 355 1,955 1,000 955 58 62 649 537 449 72 ]7 Naranganam 5,O-W.3B 2,428 2,447 13,851 6,859 6,992 474 473 4,458 4,026 3,050 532 1 Naranganam 1,295 1,311 7,402 3,689 3,713 288 280 2,480 2,188 1,701 335 2 Kadamanitta 1,133 1,136 6,449 3,170 3,279 186 193 1,978 1,838 1,349 197

~18 Pathanamthitta 7,055.79 4,829 4,914 28,032 14,057 13,975 1,133 1,123 8,725 6,963 6,447 1,609 1 Vettipram 1,540 1,556 8,894 4,505 4,389 407 398 2,835 2,162 2,058 502 2 Mylapra 395 402 2,331 1,156 1,175 37 47 786 697 481 80 3 Kumbazha 1,111 1,124 6,483 3,167 3,316 267 259 2,013 1,789 1,450 295 4 Kundamonkara 163 163 899 460 '1-39 43 36 257 190 226 52 5 Kulasekharapatbi 295 329 1,861 959 902 53 46 491 325 462 100 6 Valanchoozhi 186 186 1,042 558 484 51 47 347 207 270 31 7 Maroor 88 88 507 263 244 30 29 134 91 122 15 8 Kodumthara 101 101 547 265 282 14 20 148 131 126 41 9 Azhoor 309 309 1,824 932 892 47 49 578 380 428 160 10 Chittoor 179 185 1,072 522 550 27 20 285 226 232 78 11 Nannukkadu 462 471 2,572 1,270 1,302 157 172 851 765 592 255

~19 Vallicode 4,611.46 2,793 2,823 15,776 7,822 7,954 916 956 4,986 4,116 3,825 1,004 I Nariapuram 329 329 1,922 922 1,000 74 77 558 519 416 102 2 Vayala North· 315 317 1,793 B91 902 119 131 477 390 398 119

10 KERALA STATE

Workers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu­ Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri­ Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con­ and Commum­ In Other Non­ Cultivator Labourer activIties Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ,---J'-----. ~ ~~ .----"--.. ,-----'---, ~ ,.----A----, ~ ,--..A....-..., M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

55 45 33 .. .. 6 1 3 1 21 6 180 277 10 90 13 16 22 1 8 5 16 2 2 11 9 00 40 9 251 396 11 233 30 61 50 8 2 1 38 1 3 13 2 1 63 36 521 863 12 82 8 42 I 8 8 I 2 10 21 4 61 25 292 481 13 78 4 38 33 4 2 .. .. 2 117 206 14 264 28 67 56 2 10 2 25 9 6 57 28 516 967 15

1,695 275 416 260 33 41 48 137 8 43 106 36 281 138 3,227 5,550 14 628 113 196 136 16 6 2 51 4 41 7 1I3 55 1,090 1,869 I 551 91 136 68 7 30 23 34 4 17 32 10 132 62 1,158 1,960 2 516 71 84 56 10 5 23 52 4 22 33 19 36 21 979 1,721 3

2,396 273 599 478 37 32 23 109 7 53 107 4 22 445 176 4,300 7,355 15 437 84 83 76 5 6 2 15 2 8 17 4 138 53 872 1,392 1 486 48 85 (17 16 6 13 20 1 5 19 3 99 44 806 1,416 2 909 78 240 176 10 12 6 58 4 30 29 1 7 122 51 1,619 2,765 3 10 3 I 16 28 4 554 63 188 158 6 8 2 16 10 42 3 8 86 28 987 1,754 5 1,743 328 238 219 22 33 16 116 5 99 133 3 40 512 178 3,485 5,681 16 78 6 19 15 1 4 2 2 9 8 137 235 1 323 43 81 96 2 4 15 5 13 1 61 19 559 934 2 133 25 21 23 2 1 6 3 15 1 45 6 317 511 3 30 6 5 10 3 I 1 9 7 19 3 37 17 147 228 4- 21 8 12 17 2 2 3 4 00 7 5 30 15 105 159 5 32 9 4 2 1 00 4 4 3 2 28 93 145 6 29 4 o. 8 1 6 .. 6 3 33 13 90 181 7 203 27 II 2 3 <1 I 12 5 25 11 83 45 431 722 8 158 18 '4 00 4 2 II 41 19 2 24 16 326 535 9 151 23 3 6 j 3 4 22 26 5 3 51 13 244 472 10 169 114 42 31 1 6 I 8 30 8 294 385 11 107 8 4 2 3 3 2 19 3 191 291 12 309 37 32 \. 15 7 5 4 14 7 8 5 62 15 551 883 13

2,046 202 415 206 30 2 14 13 122 5 61 79 29 254 102 3,809 6,460 17 1,100 116 251 143 18 8 10 77 5 32 47 19 149 58 1,988 3,378 1 946 86 164 63 12 6 3 45 29 32 10 105 44 1,821 3,082 2 S,026 623 778 455 99 4 93 55 475 8 99 4 480 29 183 8 1,214 423 7,610 12,366 18 752 162 312 182 36 38 15 14() 2 28 191 10 60 2 501 129 2,447 3,887 I 260 39 36 10 13 2 3 I 30 2 19 32 1 17 4- 71 21 675 1,095 2 905 118 179 94 9 2. lEi IS 93 25 60 3 13 150 62 1,717 3,021 3 25 139 14 48 II 1 I 1 5 00 1 7 2 1 22 234 387 4- 132 30 45 28 7 18 10 49 1 9 69 12 45 1 88 18 497 802 5 131 4 17 21 3 2 1 50 1 19 4 44 4 288 453 6 43 5 4 1 2 1 20 7 4 41 9 141 229 7 83 24 1 I 3 I 6 1 2 4 25 15 139 241 8 207 57 gl 32 10 10 9 26 .. 1 29 8 lOG 62 504 732 9 81 34 3 5 I 29 I 3 27 14 74 38 290 472 IO 293 136 102 71 15 2 2 27 1 12 3 37 2 12 92 40 678 1,047 II 58 405 166 3,997 6,950 19 ~1391 360 4()5 366 54 2 101 97 172 5 49 180 8 247 38 4B 32 14 1 2 1 25 .. 5 19 1 11 45 29 506 898 I 218 36 61 56 3 12 5 27 1 20 16 2 4 37 19 493 783 2 11 PRDlARY CENSUS QUILON DISTBICl

Occupied residential houses Literate and lJistrict/Taluk/ ,.----A------. Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Worken Town/Ward/B1ockl Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX 81. Village/Kara/ in No. of house- ,----~ ,---"----, ,.--~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Midland Villages-concld.

S Kodamukku 136 136 773 383 390 64 60 235 182 178 56 4: Kaipattoor 611 630 3,695 1,856 1,839 235 229 1,239 1,074 884 261 5 Vallicode 863 870 4,681 2,370 2,311 285 300 1,486 1,093 1,250 287 6 Vazhamuttam 539 541 2,912 1,400 1,512 139 159 991 858 699 179

KUNNATHUR KUNNATHVR TALUK T 963M.20 42286 43051 238043 118877 119166 19014 19190 3 5 62300 46438 57647 26558 Highland Villages 20 Angadickal 5,178.63 1,724 1,744 9,658 4,798 4,860 723 742 2,884 2,294 2,326 1,226 1 Chandanapally 255 260 1,517 739 778 72 75 482 394 344 155 2 Angadickal Vadakkekara 602 609 3,264- 1,614 1,650 209 237 913 710 770 287 3 AngadikkaJ Thekkekara 867 875 4,877 2,445 2,432 442 430 1,489 1,190 1,212 784 Konni Range Naduvathumuzhi Range 21 Koodal 16,310.59 3,594 3,756 21,594 10,872 10,722 1,276 1,268 1 2 6,080 4,798 5,071 1,662 1 KoodaI 2,083 2,200 12,484 6,345 6,139 722 704 1 2 3,527 2,782 2,984 1,035 2 KalanjOOf 1,511 1,556 9,110 4,527 4,583 554 564 2,553 2,016 2,087 627 Konni Range Naduvathumuzhi Range Midland Villages .22 Peringanad 5,701.94 2,891 2,915 16,125 8,035 8,090 1,091 1,153 4,614 3,756 3,922 2,082 1 Pazhakulam East 295 296 1,628 792 836 168 175 495 425 402 258 2 Melood 516 518 2,823 1,389 1,434 226 268 849 669 697 392 3 Kunnathookara 62 63 325 173 152 3 6 98 68 84 24 4 Malamekkara 86 89 492 239 253 27 28 167 138 121 44 5 Ammakandakara 158 158 1,149 580 569 90 109 341 293 255 97 6 Karuvatta 642 655 3,641 1,799 1,842 130 132 1,103 950 845 HI 7 ChetUpunja 149 150 839 425 414 46 48 219 147 207 128 8 Pothady 185 188 1,032 498 534 46 57 330 279 258 123 ~9 Mundapally 666 666 3,445 1,765 1,680 293 262 795 621 861 467 10 Thekkummuri 132 132 751 375 376 62 68 217 166 192 108 23 Adoor 4,128.29 2,727 2,819 16,314 8,107 8,207 884 928 4,852 3,915 3,706 1,144 1 Panmvizha 1,110 1,147 6,232 3,052 3,180 413 442 1,741 1,431 1,463 607 2 Konnamankara 113 116 631 325 306 2 5 240 195 163 36 S Munnalam 174 176 975 478 497 44- 46 311 253 208 71 4 Kannamkodu 451 462 2,981 1,521 1,460 143 139 877 655 650 138 5 Parakode 879 918 5,495 2,731 2;764- 282 296 1,683 1,381 1,222 292 "24 Erath 5,371. !II 2,667 2,7M 14,801 7,304 7,497 1,183 1,152 2 3 3,668 2,925 3,598 2,130 1 Kottanalloor 152 153 886 452 434 28 26 292 260 197 16 2 Thuvayoor :North 706 712 3,931 1,971 1,960 264 285 1,001 711 991 516 3 Choorakode 333 339 1,747 819 928 185 197 414 375 402 270 4 Vellakulangara 119 124- 713 354 359 23 18 210 200 167 104 5 Ayyarnkoikkal 122 123 783 382 401 51 49 245 198 174 57 6 Erath 359 364- 2,079 1,029 1,050 260 227 2 3 473 389 510 284 7 Chathanoopuzha 210 213 1,102 556 546 88 79 215 137 271 218 8 Yayaia 280 285 1,448 698 750 74 76 330 281 340 243 9 Pnthwseribhagam 386 391 2,112 1,043 1,069 210 195 488 374- 546 422

12 AJSSTRACT KERALA STATE

Workers -"----_.--- In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X . . A ,------"-----, , , ~ \ ~ ~ ~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

143 26 15 25 1 2 2 2 3 12 3 205 334- 3 440 62 96 95 18 1 42 40 44 3 3 102 2 27 112 58 972 1,578 4- 812 123 124 85 29 30 33 59 1 8 26 2 8 154 43 1,120 2,024 5 531 75 61 73 14 16 15 11 14 1 8 45 14 701 1,333 6

TALUK 30891 10602 10557 7205 2182 357 1104 1259 3374 4946 493 4 2562 187 767 10 5717 1988 61230 92608 T

1.407 667 414 412 85 4V 40 14 84- 7 75 3 17 197 83 2,472 3,634 20 203 80 39 36 6 1 9 2 8 38 5 36 36 395 623 1 478 118 134- 148 16 1 4 3 39 1 18 2 8 73 14 844 1,363 2 726 469 241 228 63 44- 27 9 37 7 19 1 4- 88 33 1,233 1,648 3

2;1.70 719 872 550 686 11lI 85 34- 233 77 146 18 77 1 625 226 5,801 9,060 21 1,383 459 534 323 463 101 37 17 113 5 72 3 49 t 328 131 3,361 5,104 1 8417 260 338 227 223 12 48 17 120 1 72 74 IS 28 297 95 2,440 3,956..• 2

2,208 1,115 767 677 58 4- 61 32 161 28 29 3 132 72 1 434- 221 4,113 6,008 22 255 163 97 76 3 10 9 2 3 32 10 390 578 I <1-97 252 W1 102 8 11 11 30 7 4 19 1 10 31 19 692 1,042 2 41 13 8 8 2 9 2 1 5 2 16 1 89 128 3 69 17 18 17 4 2 5 1 22 10 118 209 4 85 12 63 63 5 5 3 21 1 5 20 7 44- 18 325 472 5 314 165 144 ',150 28 2 10 4 42 1 16 1 45 31 1 215 117 954 1,401 6 122 92 36 ' 20 4- 2 6 1 17 1 2 10 5 6 11 218 286 7 197 91 20 18 1 1 6 9 5 -4 21 8 240 411 8 <1-96 241 261 187 7 10 5 27 10 3 18 7 S2 24- 904 1,213 9 132 69 33 36 5 2 3 2 15 3 183 268 10 1,715 419 509 372 28 8 88 80 271 10 42 317 14 130 606 241 4,401 7,063 23 712 272 272 210 11 2 35 39 100 2 17 - 77 29 210 82 1,589 2,573 1 40 6 2 2 1 8 1 2 1 5 10 3 92 26 162 270 2 120 26 41 39 1 23 1 6 2 14 6 270 426 3 254 34- 60 33 7 1 14 8 49 3 13 116 39 98 59 871 1,322 4- 589 81 134- 88 8 5 31 32 97 4- 6 108 14 57 192 68 1,509 2,472 5 2,074 1,146 715 578 48 2 46 37 190 204 28 128 7 44- 325 155 3.706 5,367 24 134- 2 26 8 3 1 1 10 9 13 6 255 418 1 600 232 206 213 12 18 15 47 35 10 28 1 8 62 20 980 1,444- 2 192 133 112 79 11 1 6 4 23 30 17 5 36 23 417 658 3 67 76 12 7 1 7 2 25 3 14 5 4 34 14 187 2!l5 4- 88 15 14 18 4 1 1 7 1 8 16 5 31 22 208 344- 5 267 141 119 85 6 1 8 10 12 19 6 17 1 8 1 67 26 519 766 6 193 151 42 39 16 23 5 1 14 5 285 328 7 214 155 60 49 3 4 4 13 20 6 2 38 15 358 S07 8 S19 241 124 80 8 1 1 46 76 1 15 2 30 24 4Q7 647 9

13 PRIMARY CENSUS QUlLON DISTRICf

Occupied residential houses Literate and District/Taluk/ ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX SI. Village/Karal in No. of house- ~ ~ ~ ~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Personl Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4- 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Midland Villages-contd. 25 Pallickal 5.525.03 2,236 2,242 11,616 5,850 5,766 1,203 1,186 2,650 1,741 2,987 1,464 1 Pallickal 339 339 1,65B 806 852 215 228 353 228 455 257 2 Kaithakkal 164 164 804 402 402 77 71 177 97 244 107 3 Cherukunnam 115 115 590 298 292 48 45 156 109 160 91 4 Thottuva 232 232 1,248 632 616 166 176 263 183 32B 197 5 pazhakulam West 448 454 2,467 1,249 1,218 130 114 481 309 610 365 6 Elampallil 455 455 2,305 1,185 1,120 308 278 650 438 571 157 7 Thengamom 483 483 2,544- 1,278 1,266 259 274 570 377 619 290 26 Sooranad North 5,601.59 2,859 2,884 15,442 7,735 7,707 1,298 1,268 3,824 2,637 3,972 2,235 1 Panthrandurnmuri 20 20 97 44 53 2 15 9 26 29 2 pulikulam 207 207 1,134 575 559 133 139 198 105 339 301 3 Anayadi 543 549 2,801 1,404 1,397 269 245 787 551 716 493 4 Naduvilemuri 329 329 1,79B 921 877 152 135 552 367 441 248 5 Thekkemuri 372 376 2,156 1,060 1,096 72 BO 449 285 525 315 6 Pathirikkal 184 1B7 1,016 514 502 131 146 255 171 271 132 7 Idappanayam 139 145 736 354 382 97 115 164 135 188 92 8 Padinjattum Muri 348 353 1,909 987 922 161 156 528 342 512 153 9 Padinjattum Kizhakkum Muri 717 718 3,795 1,876 i 1,919 281 252 876 672 954 472 27 Sooranad" South 4,242.71 2,268 2,297 12,320 6,190 6,130 989 1,035 2,707 1,776 3,051 1,208 1 Eravichira Naduvll 337 342 1,823 918 905 169 186 432 286 463 162 2 Eravichira Padinjaru 141 143 724 363 361 40 35 92 55 181 48 3 Kidangayan North 216 223 1,272 655 617 114 125 243 136 288 62 4 KidangayanNaduvil 213 217 1,221 616 605 148 157 209 124 294 107 5 Kidangayan Kannime1 122 122 679 341 338 75 74 164 96 171 76 6 Thrikunnapuzha South 257 259 1,327 679 648 109 93 370 228 326 130 7 Thrikunnapuzha North 197 199 1,159 580 579 81 87 279 207 288 91 8 Eravlchira Kizhakku 224 224 1,150 570 580 83 97 296 203 290 103 9 Inchakkad 275 277 1,367 673 694 86 98 284 199 366 241 10 Ayikkunnam 286 291 1,598 795 803 84 83 338 242 384 188 28 Poruvazhi 4,781.05 2,629 2,645 14,451 7,263 7,188 1,272 1,219 2,766 1,845 3,579 1,901 1 Vadakke Kara 296 299 1,609 825 784 144 114 354 365 410 180 2 Edakkatt Kara 827 830 4,461 2,260 2,201 554 500 899 595 1,103' 874 3 Naduvtlekara 181 182 1,001 501 500 41 41 277 221 237 108 4- Pallikkara 221 224 1,234 613 621 66 65 249 129 303 116 5 Kampladi 566 570 3,275 1,660 1,615 85 85 534 252 798 260 6 AJnbalathubhagom 538 540 2,871 1,404 1,467 382 414- 453 283 728 363 '29 Sasthamcotta 6,034.91 2,876 2,977 16,309 8,209 8,100 1,295 1,311 3,908 2,604 3,946 1,513 1 Paoapetty 376 377 2,096 1,073 1,023 152 141 420 233 519 230 2 Manakkara 704 745 4,141 2,084 2,057 274 266 1,177 904 968 394 3 Pallisserikkal 599 638 3,431 1,733 1,698 203 196 584 278 811 201 4 Peruvelikkara 140 149 837 431 406 82 78 262 179 214 72 5 Muthupilakkad West 539 546 2,965 1,482 1,483 353 385 696 450 751 361 6 Muthupilakkad East 189 189 972 468 504 127 137 238 174 242 128 7 Karinthottuva 329 333 1,867 938 929 1M 108 531 386 441 127 :30 West Kallada 3,302.52 2,029 2,166 12,087 6,099 5,988 1,260 1,273 3,445 2,417 2,94a 1,191 1 Kanatharkunnam 270 309 1,786 913 873 128 142 503 323 430 142 2 Kothapuram 223 258 1,418 729 689 146 133 424 317 317 139 3 Ayithottuva South 287 304 1,635 855 780 247 226 4BB 333 414 242 4 Ayithottuva North 328 342 1,902 928 974 237 252 545 418 484 288 14 AB8TBAOf JUmALA STATE Workers

_" In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At Howe- other than In Trade Storage and Art. cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,--.A..-----, ,---"----...... M F M F M F M F M F 11.( F M F II F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 ~2 23 lI. 25 26 27 28 29 go 31 32 33 34- 35 36

1,925 733 499 389 65 5 31 65 117 196 27 89 5 21 213 71 2,863 4,302 25 300 93 88 80 4 .. I 10 20 57 2 14- 3 3 23 14 351 595 1 178 52 28 20 1 1 5 12 12 20 2 5 4- 9 2 158 295 2 105 62 22 11 3 11 16 I 1 2 15 2 138 201 3 212 119 25 18 43 4 2 3 18 43 3 5 I 19 10 304 419 4 335 235 96 71 6 11 28 24 19 6 55 2 5 72 10 639 853 5 348 19 128 95 5 6 4 24 17 1 3 5 51 22 614 963 6 44-7 153 112 94- 3 6 8 8 24- 12 6 I 24 11 659 976 7 2,372 1,169 811 &34- 52 3 28 69 194 271 32 217 3 15 251 86 3,763 5,472 26 16 23 4 5 .. 4 1 2 18 24 I 200 195 80 55 4- 10 18 35 2 8 2 25 6 236 258 2 411 271 161 121 16 9 9 35 71 2 31 3 48 21 688 904 3 257 119 91 70 12 1 2 1 43 46 3 5 1 27 11 480 629 4 261 209 71 47 9 2 3 7 15 43 8 132 2 2 24 5 535 781 5 188 68 51 41 1 2 11 11 9 1 1 2 14 3 243 370 6 III 27 53 50 4- 5 8 1 3 9 9 166 290 7 324 44- 109 97 7 2 26 9 I 34 12 475 769 8 604- 213 191 148 7 2 26 34- 65 16 28 4- 68 19 922 1,44-7 9 1,779 317 594 '323 53 50 73 174 429 7 149 24 221 65 3,139 4,922 27 277 26 98 77 11 21 47 3 14 39 12 455 743 1 104 10 54 8 7 4 4- 18 1 3 I 7 8 182 313 2 186 13 49 18 35 30 1 3 2 12 1 367 555 3 161 18 75 40 2 11 37 1 19 5 20 12 322 498 4 86 10 50 27 4 8 29 7 2 14 10 170 262 5 160 21 64 38 3 11 17 17 45 26 4 41 9 353 518 6 149 18 ,67 41 7 8 3 20 29 o. 11 5 21 o. 292 488 7 172 24 63 44- 7 1 10 15 20 1 6 3 1 22 4 280 477 8 227 109 40 II 4 21 30 28 85 25 21 6 307 453 9 257 68 34 19 8 9 9 15 89 35 2 24 3 411 615 10 2,246 857 586\ 283 38 94 80 159 605 17 236 2 29 174- 74 3,684 5,287 28 252 65 62 40 4 24 21 24 35 4 4 2 34- 19 415 604 1 658 386 264 87 11 37 27 62 356 2 17 11 41 18 1,157 1,327 2 137 65 34 7 8 6 12 22 4 6 2 2 27 13 264 392 3 161 62 38 20 9 2 9 12 22 4 57 1 19 3 310 505 4 509 189 52 19 5 4 1 35 35 150 13 30 16 862 1,355 5 529 90 136 117 2 19 16 14 135 3 2 23 5 676 1,104 6 , 1,861 0229 665 188 87 90 86 390 854 65 306 73 48 434 81 4,263 6,587 29 291 73 64 25 1 18 6 56 114 6 43 7 33 12 554 793 1 323 57 149 48 45 27 36 107 150 Jl 114 73 22 170 30 1,116 1,663 2 377 34 99 37 15 22 28 71 90 9 118 13 87 12 922 1,497 3 133 10 52 6 5 12 47 2 1 14 4 217 334 4 416 34 163 46 6 2 3 70 265 19 2 73 13 731 1,122 5 102 10 77 10 3 8 6 29 100 I 7 15 2 226 376 6 219 11 61 16 17 I 13 2 45 88 38 1 3 3 42 8 497 802 7 1,038 71 585 161 175 115 447 2:12 340 9 105 44 67 612 127 3,151 4,797 30 64 49 15 44- 10 7 27 78 2 25 14 28 181 28 483 731 1 72 7 48 16 35 6 47 43 24 3 14 9 13 83 36 412 550 2 116 6 105 45 23 33 167 40 15 1 11 2 83 9 44-1 538 3 146 24 140 43 34- 36 188 38 22 1 18 oj, 67 11 444- 686 4 15 PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTRICT

OCCUPied residential houses Literate and District/Talukf r----"------'I Total number of (Scheduled Scheduled educated Total WorkC!'S Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX SI. Village/Karal in No. of house- ~ ~ ~~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 Midland Villages-contd.

:> Valiapadom 447 453 2,520 1,261 1,259 297 299 702 488 631 193 6 Koyikkalbhagom 281 292 1,730 850 880 146 152 482 384 407 97 7 Naduvilekkara 193 208 1,096 563 533 59 69 301 154 265 90

31 Kunnathur 5,298.60 2,699 2,717 14,802 7,347 7,455 1,331 1,342 " 3,726 2,637 3,832 2,234 1 Kunnathur West 317 319 1,652 795 857 345 370 281 168 412 252 2 Thuruthikkara 380 381 2,108 1,048 1,060 125 128 496 362 538 336 3 Thottathummuri 116 117 648 331 317 66 69 188 121 164 100 4 Kunnathur East 250 252 1,472 749 723 99 98 368 250 394 201 5 Kunnathur Naduvil 133 133 724 351 373 30 17 191 131 188 156 6 Manampuzha 192 195 1,119 554 565 48 60 303 239 276 174 7 Iverkala Padinjattekara Thekku 154 156 906 448 458 85 82 266 189 236 77 8 Iverkala Padinjattekara Vadakku 477 478 2,592 1,292 1,300 288 309 660 497 663 427 9 Iverkala Padinjattekara Naduvil !l62 366 1,923 945 978 111 108 481 345 522 307 10 I verkala Kizhakkekara Vadakku 117 117 642 334 308 56 35 201 135 183 71 11 Iverkala Kizhakkekara Kizhakku 80 81 374 180 194 20 15 103 71 92 49 12 Iverkala Kizhakkekara Thekku 121 122 642 320 322 58 51 188 129 164 84 22 Kadampanad 5,918.92 3,101 3,120 17,438 8,687 8,751 1,365 1,366 .. 4,622 3,499 4,128 1,660 1 Kadampanad North 1,074 1,086 6,196 3,134 3,062 456[.~_ 468 1,638 1,265 1,485 727 2 Kadampanad South 223 223 1,545 730 815 104 123 375 305 351 167 3 Thuvayoor South 796 799 4,317 2,167 2,150 532 504 1,221 953 1,047 437 4 Mannarukalakku Padinjaru 393 393 1,939 970 969 119 116 569 433 447 127 5 Mannadi Padinjaru- Thazhathu 79 79 451 227 224 21 18 124 91 112 29 6 Mannadi Padinjaru Kizhakku 72 72 413 198 215 25 29 123 III 89 ,25 7 Mannadi Kizhakke MukaMuri 130 131 773 385 388 53 52 169 117 167 42 8 Mannadi Kalakku Kizhakku 119 121 615 288 327 23 29 152 88 149 44 9-MannadiKizhakku Naduvil 53 53 255 127 128 5 6 71 46 61 19 10 Memannadi 162 163 934 461 473 27 21 180 90 220 43 33 Ezhamkulam ' 7,549.95 3,687 3,724 21,244 10,527 10,717 1,382j 1,444- .. 5,837 4,288 4,835 1,703 1 Ezhamkulam 809 824 4,720 2,342 2,378 309 334 ,. 1,140 858 1,086 402 2 Puramp 118 121 746 381 365 8 II 141 69 156 19 3 Nedumon 423 429 2,543 1,231 1,312 146 166 .. 665 530 563 184 4 Arukalikkal East 288 288 1,613 797 816 109 109 532 422 392 65 5 Arukalikkal West 625 629 3,643 1,813 1,830 186 203 972 703 836 283 6 Kadika 480 483 2,690 1,377 1,313 164 157 867 654 604 225 7 Enath 561 566 3,199 1,581 1,618 325 329 933 601 713 350 8 Elangamangalam 383 384 2,099 1,005 1,085 135 135 587 451 485 175

34 Kodumon 3,804.27 1,748 1,759 9,112 4,540 4,572 1,177 1,213 2,638 1,995 2,288 1,297 1 Edathitta 331 332 1,713 ' 853 860 274 296 459 372 434 357 2 Aykkad 579 582 2,983 1,474 1,509 385 365 837 645 750 417 3 Kodumon 838 845 4,416 2,213 2,203 518 552 1,342 978 1,104 523

16 ABSTRACT K.mALA STATE Work.ers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-ttock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu­ Plantationa, facturing In Transport, As Agri­ Orchards At House- ' other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con­ and Communi­ In Other Non­ Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ,-~ ~ ,.....---A---, ,.----"-----, .---"----. ,-~ ,--A---o, .---"----. ,--A---o, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

':l.76 13 152 32 26 16 9 64 103 2 20 21 13 62 15 630 1,066 5 229 8 60 5 11 2 1 21 67 11 3 70 15 443 783 6 135 13 31 5 2 12 28 9 31 6 4 66 13 298 443 7 2,192 527 615 296 84 104 55 349 1,275 28 121 34 305 80 3,515 5,221 31 184 19 99 35, 11 15 19 34 167 3 11 5 50 12 383 605 1 282 77 132 86 9 6 3 52 163 13 6 4 34 7 510 724 2 89 3 32 13 4 .. 20 82 1 4 7 7 2 167 217 3 205 21 53 12 9 9 8 43 152 5 27 4 39 7 355 522 4- 86 34 25 1 8 7 7 19 III 13 3 27 3 163 217 5 162 72 26 12 7 3 4 45 82 7 3 23 4 278 391 6 161 6 22 7 9 15 59 6 23 5 212 381 7 406 122 138 81 9 2 1 55 211 13 4 36 12 629 873 8 351 114 45 27 7 16 2 38 155 6 28 3 28 9 423 671 9 102 12 21 10 2 35 8 15 40 3 5 151 237 10 54 24 6 6 6 3 7 14 2 11 7 88 145 11 no 23 16 II 3 5 6 39 22 11 156 238 12 2,341 545 673 389 61 51 36 294 555 46 166 6 67 429 127 4,559 7,091 32 854 353 199 148 18 22 13 122 1,69 29 55 22 164 43 1,649 2,335 1 167 28 45 9 2 5 2 45 102 .. 17 11 59 26 379 648 2 559 50 293 194 17 16 18 36 152 1 27 3 19 79 20 1,120 1,713 3

S02 48 8~ 14 2 27 61 3 8 2 17 3 523 842 4- 97 17 5 6 12 115 195 5 61 12 2 2 4- 5 3 4 12 8 109 190 6 92 12 8 6 4- 18 12 12 10 22 12 218 346 7 66 7 26 12 3 9 17 12 3 29 6 139 283 8 32 7 4 2 7 6 8 .. 10 4 66 109 9 111 11 8 4 10 ,.. 24 21 24 2 7 36 5 241 430 10 2,,561 584 849 588 235 100 68 64 316 172 30 240 6 74 462 188 5,692 9,014 33 553 142 194 134 99 '72 19 19 81 3 5 42 I 8 85 30 1,256 1,976 1 60 4 34 5 12 2 2 2 3 ,. o. 19 2 5 21 4 225 346 2 267 24 115 94 50 25 4 4 26 1 3 25 12 61 36 668 1)28 3 221 25 43 22 26 2 2 33 2 6 19 4 38 14 405 751 4 364 126 136 90 17 1 20 15 61 6 8 80 2 26 124 43 977 1,547 5 379 81 135 110 18 6 1 24 26 1 8 6 27 7 773 1,088 6 391 123 119 98 7 7 12 67 78 6 40 1 11 65 38 868 1,268 7 326 59 73 35 6 8 9 21 56 1 7 2 41 16 520 910 8 1,349 500 535 651 44 17 110 80 54 9 38 3 10 139 46 2,252 3,275 34- 200 163 135 158 6 3 28 19 14 1 19 2 4 27 12 419 503 1 470 136 136 232 27 12 32 20 19 2 10 1 1 53 16 724 1,092 2 679 201 264 261 11 2 50 41 21 6 9 5 59 18 1,109 1,680 3

17 1061 4198C PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISmICl

Occupied residential houses Literate and District/Taluk/ ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Worken Town/Ward/Block! Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribea persons, I-IX Sl. Village/Kara! in No. of house- ,------A---., ,..----J'---.. r-"---. r-"---. No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Midland Villages-CQncld.

35 Enadimangalam 7,603.89 2,551 2,582 14,730 7,314 7,416 1,285 1,290 4,079 3,3ll 3,458 1,908 1 Poothankara 403 404 2,280 1,083 1,197 170 199 618 493 544 424 2 Mangad 397 399 2,389 1,208 1,181 ll6 128 655 518 517 456 3 Elamanoor 388 397 2,097 1,094 1,003 258 236 618 444 570 198 4 Kunnada 342 349 1,871 922 949 256 237 464 348 434 205 5 Kurumpakara 438 439 2,455 1,181 1,274 308 318 614 540 571 316 6 Maroor 583 594 3,638 1,826 1,812 177 172 1,1l0 968 822 309

KARUNAGAPALLY KARUNAGAPALLY TALUK T 49856 . 67 46091 46776 265187 133004 132183 12347 12320 8 4 77150 53797 59639 32079 Midland Village 36 Mynagapally 4,869.03 3,515 3,583 20,937 10,572 10,365 1,748 1,725 5,941 4,190 4,869 1,871 1 Vadakkan Mynagapally 429 429 2,430 1,220 1,210 146 138 739 514 607 248 2 Thekkan M~agapally 515 520 3,104 1,603 1,501 422 366 871 558 709 290 3 Eda anasery 218 218 1,173 585 588 89 96 247 173 273 98 4 Kadappa 915 939 5,523 2,784 2,739 471 468 1,641 1,261 1,241 506 5 Kizhakakara 274 289 1,692 852 840 91 90 536 448 426 179 6 Kovoor 499 514 2,939 1,479 1,460 287 325 911 650 681 287 7 Venga 665 674 4,076 2,049 2,027 242 242 996 586 932 263 Lowland Villages 37 Perunad 3,853.07 4,035 4,134 22,605 10,916 1l,689 786 850 6,382 4,567 5,144 3,975 I Prayar Thekku 880 897 5,011 2,461 2,550 139 167 1,286 840 1,195 1,053 2 Perunad 343 356 1,931 921 1,010 78 79 579 372 453 381 3 Klappana Vadakku 519 534 2,974 1,39B 1,576 103 105 922 709 631 604 4 Klappana Thekku 374 379 2,123 1,048 1,075 98 III 603 458 428 \ 353 5 Perumathazha 272 280 1,451 702 749 46 54 414 267 353 261 6 Varavila 218 223 1,213 572 641 38 55 !J62 301 284 205 7 Paikuzhi 421 433 2,576 1,294 1,282 138 141 802 551 591 285 8 Valiakulangara 266 277 1,473 710 763 50 43 398 294 339 227 -9 Changankulangara 742 755 3,853 1,810 2,043 96 95 1,016 775 870 606

38 Krishnapuram 1,841.41 1,627 1,647 9,082 4,482 4,600 430 447 2,739 1,970 2,166 968 1 Memana 493 502 2,818 1,375 1,443 113 127 839 569 675 307 2 Njakanal 296 302 1,559 759 800 78 85 429 357 373 131 3 Vyanakathukaranrna 213 215 1,IB8 605 583 72 67 321 21B 297 171 4 Kotampalli 318 321 1,817 898 ,919 69 71 652 522 425 153 5 Matathikaranma 307 307 1,700 B45 B55 98 97 49B 304 396 206

39 Thazhava 5,826.64 4,285 4,320 22,969 11,452 II,517 1,110 1,092 6,232 4,295 5,491 3,292 1 Vadakkummuri Mekku 517 520 2,665 1,333 1,332 125 104 BOB 569 674 487 2 Kadathoor 528 531 2,870 1,407 1,463 157 146 670 433 595 405 3 Thekkummuri Padeetakkara 392 398 2,020 1,025 995 80 77 635 416 441 223 4 Thekkurnmuri Kizhakku 737 739 4,013 2,037 1,976 161 17B 1,206 844 B98 446

18 .ABSTRACT ~ KEBALA STATE Workers InMin!ng. Qp.arrymg, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At HoUse- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Service. Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ~ ,.-----'---, ~ ,.-----'---, ~ r--"""----.. ~ ~ ~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

1,553 1,004 868 714 383 57 43 7 146 5 40 97 2 38 2 290 117 3,856 5,508 35 272 290 142 96 48 28 28 2 5 2 45 9 539 773 1 244 349 106 85 86 3 20 .. 10 12 1 38 19 691 725 2 176 26 178 125 62 9 22 7 22 1 5 24 6 75 30 524 805 3 201 51 144 137 37 8 II 8 1 2 5 1 25 8 488 744 4 320 137 150 154- 30 9 6 23 4 4 6 28 15 610 958 5 34!) 151 148 117 120 4 45 2 17 47 2 22 79 36 1,004 1,503 6

TALUK

13732 2205 6650 2327 9868 138 4241 20257 4030 4303 602 3 4579 326 3163 13 12774 2507 73363 100104 T

2,139 225 1,038 345 192 69 65 450 1,092 62 212 7 109 598 136 5,703 8,494- 36

3ll 31 9!) 21 9 102 179 7 18 9 60 17 613 962 266 37 204 56 29 9 58 180 10 24 8 91 17 894 1,211 2 152 17 38 16 6 3 14 64 4 27 9 20 1 312 490 3 429 54 285 66 77 31 16 120 325 35 47 29 188 45 1,543 2,233 4 182 16 130 44 17 5 19 94 2 8 8 60 20 426 661 5 326 31 ll8 82 36 22 41 66 105 1 15 4 7 90 24 798 1,173 6 473 39 173 60 18 3 3 61 145 3 1 73 3 '39 89 12 1,117 1,764 7

1,266 228 \ 565 201 337 3 494 3,149 304 128 39 4{)6 438 1,295 265 5,772 7,714 37 :206 59 71 29 98 195 894 87 11 2 89 160 287 60 1,266 1,497 1 146 9 39 6 41 61 337 6 2 2 27 41 90' 27 468 629 2 163 41 35 9 25 75 504 18 3 6 41 80 188 47 767 972 3 89 15 50 13 39 19 295 54 6 3 30 80 64 24 620 722 4 100 5 39 15 22 23 216 26 10 8 29 31 75 15 349 488 5 80 13 36 32 28 2 25 138 9 5 4 14 7 81 l!j 288 436 6 119 18 57 34 38 1 30 134 50 48 3 93 1 14 187 49 703 997 7 100 11 "4 17 16 22 181 22 13 1 24 7 73 5 371 536 8 263 57 164 46 30 44 450 32 30 10 59 18 250 23 940 1,437 9

769 137 497 234 102 2 98 434 111 68 20 175 34 360 93 2,316 3,632 38 165 28 116 45 3~ 22 177 26 25 8 100 12 196 32 700 1,136 1 110 21 90 19 40 2 28 46 24 26 10 23 8 40 17 386 669 2 89 12 102 71 17 13 58 13 9 1 12 6 44 21 308 412 3 250 44 63 17 10 26 76 11 2 1 9 4 51 14 473 766 4 155 32 126 82 5 9 77 37 6 31 4 29 9 449 649 5

2,335 449 1,102 294 154 2.. 276 1,909 380 475 55 306 94 789 162 5,961 8,225 39

265 21 172 24 14 88 418 49 8 3 20 10 53 16 659 845 1 167 12 110 19 40 26 299 44 54 7 74 23 104 21 812 1,058 2 161 28 25 6 16 25 136 39 35 5 31 23 116 18 584 772 3 275 24 178 41 43 40 251 77 108 62 13 209 22 1,139 1,530 4

19 1061 4198C PRIMARY CENSUS qUILON DISTBICf

Occupied residential houses Literate and District/Taluk/ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Blockl Area Iii No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX 81. Village/Kara/ lin No. of hoWlc- No. Forest range acres I '.. (houses holds Persons Males Fcmales M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4- 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 Lowland ViJ1ag~ontd.

5 Vadakkummuri Kizhakku 358 360 1,959 957 1,002 76 76 592 461 479 355 6 Manappali Thekku 395 399 2,159 1,084 1,075 124 125 631 451 551 329 7 Manappali Vadakku 453 460 2,464 1,216 1,248 76 68 612 439 613 374 8 Pavumba Vadakku 411 411 2,135 1,065 1,070 146 130 403 245 557 233 9 Pavumba Thekku 494 502 2,684 1,328 1,356 165 188 675 437 683 440 40 Thodiyoor 5,092.49 3,808 3,845 21,542 10,891 10,651 1,347 1,353 5,974 3,898 4,875 2,5]9 1 Puliyoorvanchi Vadakku 535 536 2,895 1,475 1,420 148 152 821 484 715 447 2 Thodiyoor 566 572 3,149 1,581 1,568 248 248 666 392 731 489 3 Vengara 420 423 2,226 1,127 1,099 170 197 552 324 530 233 4 Puliyoorvanchi Thekku 776 786 4,321 2,187 2,134 169 162 1,285 853 963 391 5 Muzhangodi 584 590 3,339 1,686 1,653 277 263 984 676 744 389 6 Kallelibhagom 927 938 5,612 2,835 2,777 335 331 1,666 1,169 1,192 570

41 Ku1asekharapuram 4,686.98 5,328 5,368 29,850 14,932 14,918 802 794 8,155 5,499 6,878 4,726 1 Kuzhithura 294 299 1,957 1,028 929 16 20 703 536 469 62 2 Alappadu 299 302 1,888 962 926 5 7 607 497 435 187 3 Atbin~ Thekku 1,374 1,387 7,753 3,914 3,839 240 233 2,221 1,460 1,773 1,329 4 Atbina Vadakku 960 967 5,266 2,557 2,709 159 173 1,434 1,031 1,221 880 5 Kottakkupuram 802 802 4,387 2,188 2,199 128 139 1,213 830 1,035 911 6 Neelikulam 454 458 2,416 1,190 1,226 105 77 582 358 547 388 7 Karunagapally 249 250 1,316 648 668 32 21 332 227 321 280 8 Kadathoor 687 689 3,621 1,817 1,804 51 53 678 297 787 516 9 Punnakulam 209 214 1,246 628 618 66 7I 385 263 290 173

42 KarunagapaIIy 5,227.80 6,081 6,199 36,955 18,528 18,427 1,494 1,517 8 4 II,629 8,659 8,247 4,302 I Cheriazheekal 575 591 3,867 1,962 1,905 21 24 1,251 1,018 881 138 2 Pandarathuruthu 320 327 2,140 1,090 1,050 12 10 617 472 497 84 3 Vellanathuruthu 258 269 1,632 808 824 76 78 498 439 328 61 4 Kozhikkodu Kizhakku 311 313 1,847 911 936 135 126 574 470 357 216 5 Kozhikkodu Mekku 917 934 5,716 2,856 2,360 214 231 1,590 1,023 1,234 816 6 Maruthoorkulangara Thekku 1,008 1,017 5,897 2,931 2,966 192 214 1,752 1,272 1,342 1,056 7 Maruthoorkulangara Vadakku 209 214 1,130 578 552 87 70 402 306 226 157 8 Alappad 448 456 2,534 1,266 ],268 97 102 894 658 636 617 9 Nambaruvika1a 209 214 1,217 600 617 68 51 397 306 278 171 10 Padanayarkulangara Vadakku 895 905 5,359 2,725 2,634 230 251 1,713 1,144 1,200 374 11 Padanayarkulangara Thekku 476 495 3,160 1,600 1,560 158 164 1,157 902 713 262 12 Ayanivelikulangara Vadakku 145 150 802 403 399 74 77 232 179 186 103 13 Ayanivelikulangara Thekku 210 211 1,037 486 551' 82 84 330 306 229 169 14 Kesavapuram 100 103 617 312 305 48 35 8 4 222 164 140 78

43 Panmana 4,164.28 5,552 5,593 32,025 16,260 15,765 1,543 1,524 9,434 6,087 6,670 3,220 1 Kollaka 507 515 2,985 1,450 1,535 248 247 872 701 616 353 2 Vadakkumthala Kizhakku 763 764 4,197 2,130 2,067 234 231 1,061 532 907 452 3 Mullakeri 228 228 1,355 690 665 66 56 390 188 253 84 ... Vadakkumthala Melr.ku 465 467 2,757 1,385 1,372 155 156 771 519 551 336 5 Perookara 181 181 1,005 491 514 25 19 278 161 196 115 6 Ponmana 399 403 2,449 1,304 1,145 85 87 849 577 484 352 7 Chittoor 515 518 3,022 1,545 1,477 170 IH 1,038 764 664 348 20 ABSTRACT KERAI.A STATE

Workera

In Mining, Qparrying. Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu­ Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri­ Orchards At House­ other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con­ and Co=uni­ In Other Non­ Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Co=erce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X r-~ ~ ~ ~ r--A-~ ~ ...------"--- M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

171 29 93 7 14 25 272 34 10 1 29 7 105 37 478 647 5 228 49 102 28 8 41 216 27 22 4 30 7 104 13 533 746 6 234 34 215 26 10 20 279 37 17 15 31 6 45 17 603 874 7 396 94 90 88 3 1 10 35 37 1 20 1 10 4 503 837 8 438 158 117 55 6 10 28 38 184 18 9 4 43 14 645 916 9 1,450 287 759 287 194 4 152 1,122 439 698 72 584 5 242 983 116 6,016 8,132 40

246 85 105 45 30 28 260 74 42 1 97 10 124 15 760 973 1 250 33 164 102 40 26 293 43 41 6 68 2 10 124 18 850 1,079 2 238 82 106 66 16 22 19 42 5~ 7 20 9 70 11 597 866 3 225 40 143 32 19 43 225 75 76 12 155 .. 56 235 18 1,224 1,743 4 271 33 151 30 31 .. 18 109 69 193 18 76 J 26 84 23 942 1,264 5 220 14 90 12 58 4 15 216 136 291 28 168 2 131 346 31 1,643 2,207 6 1,242 275 553 125 981 6 482 3,284 487 755 37 631 2 582 1,883 278 8,054 10,192 4-1 9 5 2 326 2 8 45 15 3 40 2 67 7 559 867 I 17 287 20 165 5 2 18 10 78 20 527 739 2 302 63 236 29 137 3 164 1,073 97 79 9 165 225 438 82 2,141 2,510 3 280 26 74 14 73 85 649 115 126 2 70 143 379 65 1,336 1,829 4 156 20 52 6 59 104 483 89 370 12 84 2 136 343 30 1,153 1,288 5 142 69 32 30 41 10 218 53 42 7 54 21 187 27 643 838 6 134 52 65 29 10 22 184 19 3 2 15 5 49 12 327 388 7 115 13 58 3 34 56 424 67 65 4 165 29 259 II 1,030 1,288 8 87 27 34 14 14 13 43 27 65 1 20 11 83 24 338 445 9 978 122 540 272 1,887 10 836 3,244- 479 216 109 683 22 666 4 2,069 411 10,281 14,125 42 29 10 2 665 13 88 9 3 1 49 9 10 103 27 1,081 1,767 1 18 \ 3 402 4 11 56 12 12 1 21 1 2 27 11 593 966 2 17 4 10 9 222 I 7 36 9 2 9 1 2 50 10 480 763 3 92 3 46 31 51 25 159 11 2 4 18 15 95 21 554 720 4 163 10 136 47 179 98 721 31 13 19 96 .. 189 I 323 24 1,622 2,044 5 164 12 103" 34 129 271 951 88 14 21 95 I 142 329 44 1,589 1,910 6 44 4 3' ,. 26 23 131 21 5 3 15, 13 78 17 352 395 7 78 8 47 13 38 185 558 44 24 12 48 73 III 14 630 651 8 114 15 8 4 25 21 123 23 10 4 17 :1 64 18 322 446 9 1ll 20 68 52 60 4 37 97 121 82 16 175 4 121 491 113 1,525 2,260 10 59 12 46 31 27 77 117 75 28 17 98 6 54 260 67 887 1,298 11 24 9 35 12 20 44 61 5 6 15 8 34 15 217 296 12 45 11 20 27 27 17 116 17 2 8 11 20 64- 13 257 382 13 20 4 13 12 16 7 30 13 15 16 15 40 17 172 227 14 1,327 121 498 223 1,477 7 326 2,352 401 128 107 520 269 1,745 386 9,590 12,545 43 80 17 43 32 60 3 34 171 41 56 34 66 35 223 74 834 1,182 1 226 32 22 5 113 58 337 50 23 10 75 19 334 54 1,223 1,615 2 65 7 13 10 60 14 57 10 5 14 4 73 5 437 581 3 125 10 35 16 114 25 262 50 10 3 37 47 115 38 834 1,036 4 50 1 23 1 58 16 103 3 10 16 20 10 295 399 5 59 1 19 18 209 29 313 3 1 1 21 47 96 19 820 793 6 112 9 30 36 216 20 272 62 3 12 46 43 123 28 881 1,129 7 21 10614198C PRIMARY CIlNSUS QUn.ON DISTRIc.r

Occupied residential hoUICI Literate and District/Taluk/ Total Dumber of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persona enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX ~ 4 Sl. Village/Kara/ :in No. of house- I ~ ...... -'--., No. Forest range IICftI houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Lowlaad ViUag~onsld.

8 Panmana 83 83 481 246 235 25 20 159 120 100 57 9 MidappaUy 139 141 986 501 485 43 52 247 109 199 97 10 Paloci 70 74 415 210 205 10 16 113 67 93 26 11 Maveli 186 187 1,096 559 537 28 34 306 175 273 145 12 Nettiyadu 156 156 777 407 370 20 15 193 113 175 50 13 Manayil 74 74 383 188 195 39 31 122 88 85 29 14 Kuma1athrabhagom 166 166 574 294 280 25 23 160 88 113 16 15 Kanankarabhagom 166 166 969 490 479 52 55 257 100 199 89 16 Vazhayilbhagom 89 89 501 251 250 4 3 124 43 93 39 17 Naduvathuchery 221 222 1,300 664- 636 49 50 363 204- 215 61 18 Aekalabhagom 152 152 861 433 428 39 30 272 178 177 62 19 Kolam 164 168 1,041 548 493 15 24- 356 245 228 100 20 Mekad 343 349 2,157 1,085 1,072 106 104 724- 607 457 176 21 Kalari 142 143 893 467 426 42 32 295 186 199 68 22 Vaduthala 187 191 937 490 447 32 33 217 112 220 116 23 Chola 156 156 884 432 452 31 32 267 210 173 49

44 Chavarll;, 2,937.70 4,379 4,464 25,524 12,921 12,603 1,067 1,059 7,498 5,240 5,593 2,564 1 Kovilthottam 306 323 1,751 960 791 11 10 540 368 453 85 2 Cherusseribhagom 390 398 2,357 1,195 1,162 118 116 759 541 444 275 3 Karithura 256 258 1,403 729 674 6 7 401 297 306 49 4 Chavara 600 609 3,647 1,828 1,819 219 211 1,237 923 779 216 5 Kulangarabhagom 589 595 3,567 1,849 1,718 179 147 1,143 818 827 423 6 Puthucaud 543 572 3,259 1,605 1,654 197 215 1,018 757 740 489 7 Kottakakam 269 274 1,510 769 741 95 88 457 310 354 157 8 Thottinu Vaduku 166 167 960 SOo 460 54 53 267 155 190 71 9 Madapally 294 294 1,656 828 828 54 68 437 294 349 178 10 Chola 58 58 300 142 158 9 6 63 37 62 29 11 Mukundapuram 251 259 1,468 719 749 42 42 320 163 291 115 12 Menampally 445 445 2,467 1,221 1,246 67 79 647 451 542 294 13 Pattathanam 212 212 1,179 576 603 16 17 209 126 256 1113

45 Thekkumbhagorn 7,525.46 3,343 3,423 19,613 9,895 9,718 697 668 6,459 5,006 4,386 2,155 1 Neendakara 1,409 1,437 8,745 4,465 4,280 326 297 2,878 2,277 1,932 633 2 Vadakkumbhagom 607 624 3,243 1,541 1,702 120 135 960 731 723 580 3 Malibhagom 455 469 2,490 1,284 1,206 74 61 875 641 600 398 4 Naduvathucherry 440 456 2,677 1,373 1,304- 137 135 907 713 623 282 5 Thekkumbhagom 432 437 2,458 1,232 1,226 40 40 839 644 508 262

46 'Ihevalakara 3,881.81 4,138 4,200 24,085 12,155 11,930 1,323 1,291 6,707 4,386 5,320 2,487 I Padinjattakara 599 600 3,505 1,777 1,728 200 224 906 607 754 235 2 Palakal 808 814 4,622 2,374 2,248 291 260 1,063 601 1,053 360 3 Puthansanketham 325 325 1,900 973 ffJ.7 87 83 610 429 411 198 4- Koivila ~tb 411 429 2,416' 1,190 1,226 105 105 661 490 470 334 5 Koivila North 482 501 2,931 1,485 1,446 99 100 830 466 622 290 6 Mottakkal 120 125 743 360 383 41 41 281 152 167 53 '} Mulikala 820 329 1,718 856 862 116 102 409 201 399 206 8 Arinalloor 845 849 4,908 2,437 2,471 303 309 - 1,535 1,126 1,108 688 9 Naduvilakara 228 228 1,342 103 639 81 67 - 462 314 326 123 22 ABSTRACT KERALA S'fATE Workers ----- In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other NOIl- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X .----"'----. .----"'----. ~ ~ ~ ~ ,..---"-----, ~ ,..-----L-....., ,,-----'-----., ::-1 F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2B 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

15 17 -9 33 4 46 7 7 17 1 146 173 3 33 13 16 56 9 74- 16 4 28 2 38 6 302 388 9 19 5 21 4 24 10 4 13 3 14 2 117 179 10 26 84- 12 79 B 128 6 1 26 2 42 4 286 392 11 36 13 48 11 41 13 2 5 10 1 38 6 232 320 12 32 5 1 6 2 14 5 3 1 3 33 9 103 166 13 21 1 13 1 17 9 8 13 3 00 7 33 3 181 264- 14 39 6 28 14 37 21 57 7 6 1 21 5 40 6 291 390 15 31 1 2 1 11 3 33 2 2 22 1 21 2 158 211 16 60 3 21 10 39 8 34 15 6 00 25 47 8 449 575 17 45 4 4 6 29 5 42 28 1 1 13 1 3 49 8 256 366 18 34 3 40 9 78 31 4 17 2 88 21 320 393 19 74 6 16 6 100 1 7 105 27 11 23 20 1 179 57 628 896 20 62 2 19 8 23 00 5 49 3 1 12 3 71 9 268 358 21 24 11 30 17 74 2 15 77 3 3 29 4 38 9 270 331 22 59 7 40 4 34 10 27 1 4 10 4 2 13 7 259 403 23

735 160 240 135 1,966 29 426 1,733 411 186 45 338 33 312 3 1,120 285 7,328 10,039 44 2 250 6 74 2 8 165 20 10 507 706 I 70 8 50 22 96 1 44 216 18 3 7 32 12 115 24 751 887 2 I 205 2 9 17 27 2 15 28 37 12 423 625 3 38 14 5 258 5 51 93 III 56 12 69 2 34 201 45 1,049 1,603 4 101 29 23 16 358 4 40 297 69 10 6 60 2 17 153 65 1,022 1,295 5 63 24 14 27 253 15 90 328 61 27 6 45 18 21 00 187 50 865 1,165 6 56 4 40 28 134 I 18 33 28 25 I 16 5 1 56 15 415 584 7 42 9 28 12 57 21 46 6 3 I 00 32 4 310 389 8 117 9 \ 34 13 62 I 19 116 30 16 I 27 5 54 18 479 650 9 22 1 9 4 11 4 21 I 7 8 3 80 129 10 85 8 11: 5 61 27 92 15 5 2 20 8 59 5 423 634 11 88 18 19 2 167 2 52 218 44 14 I U 9 14 133 31 679 952 12 51 35 ,4 1 54 52 140 10 3 3 14 1 3 65 3 320 420 13

369 45 96 7 1,481 42 593 1,577 300 173 33 288 92 257 2 967 217 5,509 7,563 45

11 2 13 00 1,028 26 148 430 112 26 14 124 45 58 42-1: 103 2,533 3,647 I 91 3 30 4 118 7 160 406 64 113 9 42 13 48 161 34 818 1,122 2 85 16 17 113 3 136 337 33 3 3 51 13 35 125 26 681 808 3 104- 10 22 3 110 3 III 195 71 28 3 42 14 30 1 130 28 750 1,022 4 78 14 14 110, 3 40 209 20 3 4 29 7 86 127 26 724 964 5

1,122. 156 762 204 1,097 33 487 1,388 268 38! 21 136 162 160 2 965 153 6,835 9,44~ 46 168 20 150 33 128 4 34 95 37 63 5 59 19 164 19 1,013 1,493 186 3~ 175 49 238 12 44 194 54 42 6 158 2 27 165 28 1,321 1,888 2 112 13 50 17 53 55 151 10 1 21 3 107 16 562 729 3 52 9 41 10 130 8 59 262 22 2 3 22 31 20 71 12 720 892 4.- 118 6 37 7 141 103 153 26 46 39 50 6 15:! 28 863 1,156 5 39 40 9 9 11 10 25 29 7 6 30 5 193 330 6 86 13 100 32 36 25 84 17 75 2 44 13 76 2 457 656 7 262 43 147 29 264 6 137 384 59 112 4 51 79 59 125 35 1,329 1,733 8 99 19 22 HI 48 3 19 55 18 14 3 35 7 1 75 13 377 516 9

23 10614198C PBlMABY CENSUS QUILON DISTRIOI

r-----

Occupied residential houses Literate and District/Taluk/ ,.----"----. Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers TownfWard/Blockf Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX SI. Village/Kara/ in No. of house- r---"'--""" r---"----, r-----"---, ~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 QUn.ON QUILON TALUK T 93962.67 83570 87896 525590 263059 262531 29118 30078 46 39 160883 117931 115602 60562 R 84400.04 61998 64{)54 381354 189148 192206 23272 24270 36 31 113012 82787 82617 48851 U 9562.63 21572 23242 144236 73911 70325 5846 5808 10 8 47871 35144 32985 11711 Midland Town I Kundara Town 2,755.53 3,316 3,417 20,945 10,743 10,202 1,497 1,501 .. 7,001 5,281 4,829 2,148 Ward 1 Kanjirakode 1,477.00 1,397 1,411 8,885 4,556 4,329 587 611 .. 3,054 2,448 2,012 737 Block I 141 142 939 484 455 10 18 344 313 191 59 2 137 137 904 426 478 31 29 276 294 179 65 " 3 144 144 882 457 425 73 85 319 251 182 109 " 4 142 142 920 457 463 220 222 226 138 205 176 " 5 143 143 960 499 461 129 134 303 214 203 101 " 6 143 148 940 474 466 27 37 350 281 212 62 " 7 150 151 995 515 480 79 72 382 297 262 60 " 8 164 164 848 472 376 2 1 362 272 261 37 " 9 145 147 954 483 471 7 8 306 253 198 50 ",.. 10 88 93 543 289 254 9 5 186 135 119 18 \ Ward 2 Kundara 514.00 260 272 1,890 963 ' 927 40 43 689 563 418 123 Block 11 74 75 522 256 266 31 27 192 172 121 33 12 136 140 981 528 453 4- 7 376 275 214 45 " 13 50 57 387 179 208 5 9 121 116 83 45 " Ward 3 Punukunnur 464.00 757 797 4,669 2,416 2,253 430 434 1,479 1,007 1,121 576 Block 14 83 84 517 265 252 14 16 136 111 98 63 15 141 142 764 376 388 {7 39 228 1.53 185 112 " 16 137 147 941 503 438 44 39 321 179 243 72 " " 17 122 140 805 453 352 36 42 278 172 201 58 18 141 149 857 420 437 121 133 266 206 203 123 " 19 133 135 785 399 386 168 165 250 186 191 148 " Ward 4 Perumpuzha 300.53 902 937 5,501 2,808 2,693 440 413 1,779 1,263 1,278 712 Block 20 129 150 931 461 470 48 41 337 283 219 83 21 138 143 866 442 424 59 62 282 187 182 102 " 22 134 143 859 446 413 109 110 257 165 215 96 " 23 145 145 844 430 414 61 51 261 190 201 128 " 24 142 142 769 394 375 52 48 238 154 191 122 " 25 144 144 817 418 399 91 85 261 175 176 126 " 26 70 70 415 217 198 20 16 143 109 94 55 " Lowland Towns n KiUkoUar 2,769.90 4,741 5,248 32,273 16,361 15.,912 ~797 1,857 5 3 10,268 6,741 6,880 4,599 Ward 1 Karicodu 664.00 1,061 1,190 6,706 3,367 3,339 437 444 2,070 1,414 1,432 1,009 Block 27 137 141 831 407 424 62 75 243 125 201 158 28 141 158 837, 417 420 55 56 239 126 188 171 " 29 136 153 843 450 393 93 83 240 117 202 140 " 30 124 144 845 433 412 41 34 291 243 182 108 " 31 121 144 868 437 431 40 32 274 181 173 117 " 32 131 138 817 403 414 3 4 303 279 143 48 "., 33 138 161 848 430 418 39 41 294 239 178 113 34 133 151 B17 390 t27 104 119 H!6 104 165 154 " 24 ABSTRACT KEBALA STATE

Workers In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, . Forestry, ~ Fishing, Hunting and In Manu­ Plantations, , facturing In Transport, As Agri­ Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con­ and Communi- In Other Non­ Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ,..----A---, ,..----A---, ~~ ~ ~ ,..----A---, ~ ,.-----A----, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 21) 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TALUK .

20951 2637 9190 1295 9741 177 7265 15363 24411 33507 2049 19 11190 884 5832 61 24973 6619 147457 201969 T 19048 2437 8451 1218 6904 115 6637 14139 16329 26810 1408 11 6330 682 2937 30 14573 3409 106531 143355 Jl 1903 200 739 77 2837 62 628 1224 8082 6697 641 8 4860 202 2895 31 10400 3210 40926 53614 U

1,199 UK 404 29 243 1 79 69 1,307 1,623 35 303 28 120 1 1,139 293 5,914 8,054 I 356 37 97 9 190 47 39 653 513 19 101 24 48 501 113 2,544 3,592 8 5 2 60 8 56 43 1 7 2 4 42 10 293 396 1 25 3 7 34 67 28 4 10 7 3 29 27 247 413 2 51 11 28 3 17 53 87 9 3 24 5 275 316 3 68 7 16 1 3 1 40 _ 165 10 2 65 3 252 287 '" 50 4 31 3 1 6 49 90 2 8 6 50 4 296 360 5 43 4 7 3 9 65 35 1 11 1 18 55 21 262 404 6 41 4 14 11 9 99 37 18 1 5 74 9 253 420 7 25 3 2 19 4 154 1 4 5 3 2 50 26 211 339 8 40 1 38 10 21 46 18 7 12 6 3 42 4 285 421 9 5 1 2 4 24 9 11 1 5 70 4 170 236 10 118 3 8 6 7 7 83 43 44 3 20 132 67 .545 804 37 2 5 5 11 11 17 8 41 15 135 233 11 64 4 7 1 57 23 15 7 60 19 314 408 12 17 2 1 1 15 9 12 5 31 33 96 163 13 248 24 114 9 17 11 9 307 480 11 95 30 288 54 1,295 1,677 24 5 2 .. 29 50 5 9 28 8 167 189 14 58 9 ,18 3 1 6 43 89 2 9 7 44 8 191 276 15 59 2 8 4 79 65 4 37 6 46 5 260 366 16 21 4 22 1 7 46 36 1 2!! 4 78 17 252 294 17 40 2 10 9 1 59 109 1 12 2 70 11 217 314 18 46 2 54\ 8 1 3 2 51 131 2 10 2 22 5 208 238 19 477 40 185 11 30 14 14 264 587 5 63 22 218 59 1,530 1,981 76 3 20 2 4 4 7 33 58 1 12 2 67 13 242 387 20 56 10 25 5 12 3 4 43 79 1 9 6 27 4 260 322 21 70 5 38 4 57 74 11 4 35 13 231 317 22 G5 5 45 10 2 1 31 117 1 18 5 24- 5 229 286 23 90 5 22 1 2 2 43 100 2 4 2 25 15 203 253 24 62 10 35 3 3 41 107 6 26 8 242 273 25 58 2 16 52 3 3 14 1 123 143 26

553 63 283 22 249 2 245 784 2,304 3,357 108 903 32 417 of 1,818 335 9,481 11,313 D 232 23 84 96 70 407 356 533 16 145 10 69 364- 34 1,935 2,330 47 1 3 21 115 34 37 2 16 5 72 6 206 266 27 21 16 4 12 64 53 106 .. 28 16 38 1 229 249 28 35 8 6 9 2 22 58 107 1 25 8 58 3 248 253 29 7 4 3 3 1 4 63 96 1 26 14 64 4 251 304 30 20 .. 16 11 1 12 43 53 71 1 14 1 15 31 1 264 314 31 52 9 8 .. 17 6 26 28 3 6 1 3 23 9 260 366 32 H 2 18 1 37 9 74 27 22 11 9 7 4 22 7 252 305 33 9 16 12 7 59 40 91 21 1 4 - 56 S 225 273 34- 25 PRIMARY CENSUS QUIWN DISTRICT

,------

Occupied rt:3idential houses Literate and District/Taluk/ ,...---.A-----. Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Block! Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX Sl. Village/Karat in No. of house- _.., ,------"----., ~ ~ ,..--"----., No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Lowland Towns-contd. Ward 2 Arunoottlmangalam 287.90 288 295 2,062 1,032 1,030 152 148 667 422 423 279 Block 35 140 147 943 475 468 75 71 269 153 197 131 36 148 148 1,119 557 562 77 77 398 269 226 148 " Ward 3 l\Iangadu 435.00 744 796 4,830 2,415 2,415 311 300 1,600 1,233 964 691 Block 37 149 153 900 459 441 44- 48 320 235 173 147 38 144 161 952 484 468 106 104 284 200 197 140 " ·39 138 141 918 451 467 53 47 296 217 184 III " 40 127 139 855 417 438 31 32 272 235 153 130 41 138 145 857 423 434 67 59 301 259 179 121 " 42 48 57 348 181 167 10 10 127 87 78 42 " Ward 4 Kannimel 613.00 1,145 1,322 8,114 4,099 4,015 380 394 2,674 1,831 1,760 1,101 Block 43 71 93 5+1 258 233 38 43 17:; 144 10j 81 44 132 147 971 508 463 30 31 332 226 187 131 " 45 131 158 921 452 469 76 77 277 204 201 124 ;)" 46 169 191 1,207 632 575 37 29 384 216 282 163 47 III 124 787 394 393 32 32 275 198 161 100 " 48 149 176 992 487 505 27 33 310 212 223 152 " 49 131 154 974- 486 488 69 68 317 209 206 129 ":, 50 137 159 949 479 470 30 35 341 252 223 126 -, 51 114 120 772 403 369 41 46 263 170 172 95

Ward 5 Kilikollur 770.00 1,503 1,645 10,561 5,448 5,113 517 571 5 3 3,257 1,841 2,301 1,519 Block 52 21 23 143 73 70 .. 64 48 25 14- 53 143 154 1,088 576 512 67 73 347 222 269 138 ,." 54 137 160 1,065 57.4 491 23 20 5 3 267 110 U3 112 55 133 152 890 436 454 17 18 296 220 189 141 " 56 132 154 989 523 466 76 78 296 155 241 151 " 57 146 155 1,204 726 478 43 61 487 138 201 146 " 58 140 153 914 457 457 69 79 257 165 174 136 ,." 59 128 138 808 405 403 70 78 241 145 187 145 60 132 147 868 407 461 40 47 259 202 16.J. 137 " 61 141 147 892 422 470 38 48 260 143 215 136 " 62 137 144 918 456 462 65 66 272 178 211 180 " 63 113 118 782 393 389 9 3 211 115 182 83 " III Quilon (Municipal) 4,037.20 13,515 14,577 91,018 46,807 44,211 2,552 2,450 5 5 30,602 23,122 21,276 4,964 Ward 1 Asramam We::t 96.00 467 486 2,625 1,333 1,292 34 22 909 715 584 167 Block 1 137 153 888 433 455 2 3 299 266 208 51 2 143 145 824 417 407 9 5 287 227 177 49 "., 3 174 175 822 437 385 23 14 289 192 180 61 ., 4 13 13 91 46 45 34 30 19 6

Ward 2 Asramam Middle 69.00 418 449 2,573 1,250 1,323 50 61 802 629 567 220 Block 5 125 138 766 371 395 22 22 261 204 183 61 6 135 148 835 4()3 432 6 9 231 179 180 74 .. 7 476 496 'l2 30 310 246 204 85 '" 158 163 972 26 ABSTBAOf KERALA STATE

Workers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, factlU"ing In Transport, A! Agri­ Orchards At House. other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X . ~ ~ ~ ~ ,..----A-----. ~ ~ ,-~ I ~ If F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

33 3 10 5 22 31 94 229 2 90 21 146 16 609 751 15 3 10 2 6 16 53 106 40 9 62 6 278 337 35 18 3 16 15 41 123 2 50 12 84 10 331 414 36

76 10 39 .3 54 84 287 298 302c 10 87 17 41 275 70 1,451 1,724 26 7 8 .. 22 .. 16 105 46 15 .. 6 11 3 46 9 286 294 37 17 2 12 3 13 1 15 55 65 68 2 19 4 4 50 7 287 328 38 18 14 1 16 33 63 69 3 25 7 1 37 8 267 356 39 10 1 .. 9 13 45 43 66 1 15 .. 13 49 18 264 308 40 5 3 9 21 42 47 60 3 12 2 10 69 17 244 313 41 2 3 7 34 24 1 10 4 24 11 103 125 42

61 14 44 16 53 23 28 685 902 47 266 3 81 3 500 135 2,339 2,914 2 1 9 2 11 47 65 .. 14 .. 3 27 5 153 202 43 4 11 2 1 5 97 108 3 20 2 10 39 16 321 332 44 1 17 15 6 7 1 58 87 3 16 II 82 21 251 345 45 J 5 12 .. 2 100 136 3 56 17 81 25 350 412 46 1 2 2 3 71 95 3 26 13 40 5 233 293 47 6 1 4 .. 85 123 20 27 9 3 72 25 264- 353 48 6 1 3 .. 5 3 1 82 114 11 28 7 61 13 280 359 49 18 11 4 1 3 6 7 90 98 1 39 I 5 57 8 256 344 50 15 1 1 10 1 1 55 . 76 3 40 6 41 17 231 274 51

151 13 106 2 41 46 31 871 1,391 33 315 2 205 533 80 3,147 3,594 .. 2 1 6 10 1 4- 5 3 7 48 56 52 :> 1 6 2 8 85 113 16 84 71 16 307 374 53 6 2 2 .. 9 11 3 77 94 .. 36 13 89 13 331 379 54 12 1 7 2 3 3 3 85 122 2 29 .. 11 37 13 247 313 55 14 1 2\ .. 3 12 8 85 136 11 28 1 14 72 5 282 315 56 14 1 17 2 7 2 63 141 9 30 15 44 2 525 332 57 4 4 2 .. 69 131 5 20 8 62 5 283 321 58 16 1 6 1 87 141 3 25 3 43 4 218 258 59 16 35 .. .. 74 136 .. 8 .. 10 21 1 243 324 60 33 5 14 .. 4 1 91 127 1 32 1 2 38 2 207 334 61 16 2 16 8 2 89 168 2 29 13 36 10 245 282 62 15 8 3 56 81 58 27 15 2 211 306 63

151 33 52 26 2,345 59 304 371 .,471 1,717 498 8 3,654 142 2,358 26 7,443 2,582 25,531 39,247 m 2 12 7 8 206 78 12 119 37 189 81 749 1,125 2 4 3 61 21 7 47 12 75 27 225 404 1 ... 5 3 2 67 23 3 32 10 57 24 240 358 2 1 5 3 70 30 1 34 14 55 28 257 324 3 1 8 4- 1 6 1 2 2 27 39 4-

1 6 7 10 224 161 18 79 39 193 49 683 1,103 2 2 78 40 3 30 16 54 19 188 334 5 - 1 4 7 85 56 14 20 16 40 11 223 358 6 -1 3 3 1 61 65 1 29 7 99 19 272 411 7 27 PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTRICT

Occupied residential houses Literate and District/Taluk/ ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX Sl. Village/Karat in No. of house- ~ ,---"---., ~-, ,..---"----. No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16

Lowland 'l'oWDfJ--i;ontd. Ward 3 Asramam South 222.00 525 536 3,201 1,559 1,642 330 298 975 874 696 269 J3lock 8 149 149 964 478 486 107 106 334 279 212 74 9 126 136 826 406 420 123 110 209 164 186 55 " 10 135 136 857 387 470 56 43 255 289 179 107 .. 11 115 115 547 281 266 44- 39 176 142 116 28 Houseless" population 7 7 1 3

Ward 4 Asramam East 103.00 435 474 2,876 1,473 1,403 47 38 949 698 608 292 Block 12 22 22 157 85 72 56 46 33 4 If 13 140 143 811 398 413 13 14 265 214 196 95 14 131 137 875 453 422 19 17 280 206 167 97 "u 15 127 157 962 489 473 15 7 317 222 186 95 16 15 15 71 48 23 31 10 26 1 " Ward 5 Pattathanam West 220.00 536 573 3,659 1,998 1,661 : 136 106 1,192 638 841 249 Block 17 123 128 814 424 390 25 22 226 137 184 36 ., 18 147 148 959 500 459 63 50 242 149 220 79 19 136 150 974 606 368 26 14 495 217 254 62 " , 20 130 147 908 464 444- 22 20 229 135 181 67 Housel~ population 4 4 2

Ward 6 Pattathanam East 362.00 569 612 3,655 1,863 1,792 81 96 1,378 1,130 769 282 Block 21 142 149 910 481 429 21 20 341 261 200 56 22 133 143 839 444- 395 20 30 332 219 192 57 " 23 131 134 943 459 484 19 24 335 337 185 96 " 24 136 158 795 394 401 21 22 306 263 157 63 " 25 27 28 167 84 83 64 50 35 10 Houseless" population 1 1

Ward 7 Mundakkal East 266.00 590 615 3,724 1,890 1,834 90 83 1,153 879 752 229 Block 26 107 109 680 362 318 17 18 256 186 140 39 '1.7 138 142 941 474- 467 46 43 274 205 174 75 " 28 141 158 888 470 418 7 2 262 176 204 65 29 162 164 921 468 453 20 20 291 191 183 37 " 30 42 42 291 113 178 .. 69 121 48 13 Houseless" population 3 3 I 3

Ward 8 Mundakkal Middle 160.00 627 645 3,997 2,087 1,910 204 208 1,206 811 838 202 Rlock 31 90 90 579 297 282 13 21 155 107 122 22 32 133 133 908 481 427 3 6 288 189 188 34 .," 33 162 173 985 515 470 142 121 273 198 197 75 ,. 34 151 157 1,038 554 484 26 41 359 206 223 43 35 91 92 487 240 247 20 19 131 III 108 28 " Ward 9 Mundakkal Wert 204.00 427 44-7 2,761 '1,387 1,374 47 34 1,027 885 617 146 BloU 36 44- 47 272 146 126 4- 2 101 60 87 22 ii 37 138 149 860 427 433 10 l~ 312 277 167 41 38 143 148 908 471 437 10 8 351 293 222 39 jj" gq 102 103 721 343 378 23 9 263 255 141 44-

28 KERALA STATE Workers

In Mining, Qyarrying, Live-Itock, FOftlItI.'y• fishing. Hunting and In Manu.o Plantations, ,tacturing In Transport, AI. Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and AI. cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Oultifttoc Labourer activities Industry Industry atruction Commerce cations Services Worken I II III IV V VI VI! VIII IX X ,-----J---.. ,....--A---.. . . ~ ~ ~ ~ \ , , . , M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M •F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 53 Sf 35 36

13 2 130 67 18 61 2 82 390 200 863 1,373 2 54- 16 9 32 23 91 62 266 407 8 10 43 35 2 13 13 105 19 220 365 9 1 " 29 13 6 10 41 92 94 208 363 10 1 4 3 1 6 5 99 25 165 238 11 3 4

2 4 9 18 5 229 226 24 100 6 65 2 158 49 865 1,111 .. .. 12 .. 1 5 1 3 12 2 52 68 12 3 6 I 3 89 78 9 23 1 22 1 40 14 202 318 13 a 1 3 1 2 72 81 10 35 3 19 1 26 8 286 325 14 14 2 54 67 3 1 33 1 20 62 24 303 378 15 2 1 4 1 18 1 22 22 16

7 26 154- 130 14 153 3 135 351 110 1,157 1,417 6 2 .. 37 17 8 30 41 60 19 240 354 17 1 7 I 45 39 2 50 2 41 74 37 280 380 18 .. 13 35 24 4 26 I 22 154 37 352 306 19 1 4 37 50 47 31 61 17 283 377 20 2 2

6 6 3 223 120 14 102 6 105 4 310 150 1,094 1,510 1 2 51 29 5 32 3 41 1 68 22 281 373 21 2 .. 48 29 23 , . 23 1 96 27 252 338 22 .. \ 1 1 62 33 2 29 2 13 78 60 274 388 23 1 2 .. 48 22 5 15 1 26 2 60 38 237 338 24 5 1 14 7 2 3 2 8 3 49 73 25 1

9 6 '3 67 2 18 74 260 86 14 90 9 39 249 54 1,138 1,605 3 .. 20 I 9 41 20 2 19 11 43 10 222 279 26 3 I 5 1 6 5 34 87 24- 1 16 .. 5 46 15 300 392 27 2 1 2 34 r 10 30 61 10 7 14 8 9 66 14 266 353 28 1 7 2 1 60 26 3 24 1 13 73 9 285 416 29 1 11 6 1 17 I 18 6 65 165 30 3

6 2 16 7 14 7 2 177 86 27 82 5 109 2 400 97 1,249 1,708 5 23 8 9 .. 10 35 40 13 175 260 31 2 .. 56 12 8 I 17 .. 21 . . 84 21 293 393 32 3 2 2 .. 26 39 5 16 3 22 2 121 31 318 395 33 6 2 13 7 .. 5 2 51 15 3 28 .. 18 99 17 331 441 34- 5 21 12 2 11 1 13 56 15 132 219 3S 7 2 2 17 2 155 31 15 - 59 3 88 272 108 770 1,228 4 24- 5 6 8 45 16 59 104 36 -1 .. 2 37 17 3 21 .. 17 86 24 260 392 37 1 .. .. 4 .. 58 7 4 19 1 32 105 30 249 398 38 6 2 2 7 2 36 2 8 13 1 31 1 36 38 202 334 39 29 PBlMABY 'lENSUS Q1JILON DISTBICl

Occupied residential houses Literate and Dlstrict/Taluk/ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers 1rovnl/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX .. 4 8L Village/Kara/ in No. of house- , • r ~~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F• M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Lowland Towne-contd. Ward 10 Cantonment 227.00 1,087 1,109 6,590 3,507 3,083 397 387 2 .. 2,404 1,560 1,875 332 Block 40 31 31 162 83 79 63 53 39 10 41 148 157 900 466 434 5 4 328 214 218 21 " 42 132 134 1,008 457 551 8 346 356 220 56 .. 43 142 145 736 391 345 123 117 187 93 193 51 .. 44 149 153 1,010 648 362 41 38 2 504 192 461 29 ., 45 180 180 881 450 431 31 29 312 218 245 46 46 145 146 834 422 412 86 78 287 185 209 47 " 47 138 140 772 389 383 91 87 282 217 187 60 "t, 48 22 23 169 101 68 16 22 69 32 35 12 Houseless population 118 100 18 4 4 26 68 Ward 11 Pallithottam 44.00 415 449 2,731 1,424 1,307 24 14 706 615 641 76 Block 49 113 115 680 357 323 8 4 205 175 162 24 ., 50 142 149 1,011 536 475 3 3 276 222 232 lIS 51 136 161 911 462 449 12 7 209 209 210 13 " 52 24 24 128 68 60 16 9 !16 1 Houseless.. population 1 I 1 1 Ward 12 Beach East 25.00 380 403 2,846 1,555 1,291 868 544 855 68 Block' 53 112 118 727 368 359 136 135 175 6 ., 54 129 138 938 475 463 247 166 225 48 55 139 147 954 485 469 I 282 243 228 14 Port " 222 222 203 222 Houseless population 5 5 5 Ward 13 Beach South 20.00 429 492 2,790 1,423 1,367 5 2 650 488 644 18 Block 56 165 169 1,045 535 510 5 2 172 114 249 2 57 137 175 877 447 430 213 163 189 7 " 58 127 148 868 441 427 265 211 206 9 " Ward 14 Beach N<;>rth 58,.;!O .,359 392 2,662 1,341 1,321 41 40 950 649 646 67 Block 59 17 17 127 62 65 48 44 22 4 60 144 159 923 460 463 10 17 351 266 217 25 "H 61 131 137 95a 482 476 31 23 324 223 235 26 62 67 . 79 654 337 317 227 116 172 12 Ward 15 Thamarakulam 51.00 306 328 2,047 1,032 1,015 8 14 3 3 778 559 494 67 Block 63 74 85 514 268 246 208 138 139 5 64 134 142 924 454 470 I 2 3 3 333 239 203 32 " 65 98 101 605 306 299 6 12 237 182 149 30 Houseless.. population 4 4 1 3 Ward 16 Andamukkom South 47.00 362 394 2,580 1,312 1,268 26 18 821 583 612 84 Block 66 43 46 397 192 205 5 4 120 78 96 18 67 145 164 977 508 469 13 10 332 253 243 29 " 68 164 174 1,118 567 551 6 4 347 235 252 36 " 69 10 10 86 43 43 22 17 21 1 House1ess" population 2 2 2 Ward 17 Andamukkom North 39.00 279 303 1,704- 978 726 3 673 351 529 30 Block 70 147 151 782 481 301 388 191 293 9 71 125 145 845 453 392 260 144 207 20 " 72 7 7 64 31 33 25 16 20 1 lfoaseless.. population 13 13 3 9

30 ABSTRACT KERALA STATE

Workers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, ,facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ~ ~ ,---A----, ,.---"--, ~ ,.---"--, ~ r---A-----.. ,---"-----, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

2 20 15 245 63 36 6 215 12 437 5 905 246 1,632 2,751 .. .. 12 1 .. 8 . . 5 13 10 44 69 40 2 1 10 50 1 1 62 1 36 56 19 248 413 41 1 59 10 .. 39 3 31 80 53 237 495 42 .. 4 36 13 8 3 21 3 24 1 100 31 198 294 43 1 4 1 .. .. 15 . . 119 .. 322 23 187 333 44 1 27 11 4 2 13 1 136 2 64 30 205 385 45 II 1 39 24 6 25 2 53 1 74 20 213 365 46 2 16 11 5 27 2 31 1 106 46 202 323 47 3 2 3 1 5 2 22 9 66 56 48 68 32 18 344 63 4 8 69 23 28 128 48 783 1,231 .. 65 31 1 2 8 .. 4 52 22 195 299 49 1 86 21 1 5 42 21 21 56 16 304 437 50 157 11 2 1 19 1 3 19 10 252 436 51 36 1 .. 32 59 52 1 298 38 5 49 73 1 253 176 27 700 1,223 78 8 .. 23 1 3 63 4 193 353 53 63 38 5 28 1 1 33 26 69 9 250 415 54 157 IS 17 2 39 14 257 455 55 222 .. 5 311 66 5 116 9 77 69 8 779 1,349 114 23 2 23 1 56 31 I 286 508 56 112 14 .. 57 5 2 4 2 258 423 57 8'5 29 1 3 36 3 19 34 5 235 418 58

2 , 32 6 115 9 21 227 72 176 51 695 1,254 ., 14 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 40 61 59 4- 47 3 9 71 10 76 22 243 438 60 2 14 44 6 7 70 28 70 20 247 450 61 5 1 22 4 85 1 32 28 6 165 305 62 16 21 7 127 6 5 167 3 60 Y8 51 538 948 1 I 39 1 57 17 24 4 129 241 63 13 IS 7 49 1 1 76 13 38 24 251 438 64 2 .. ' 7 37 4 4 34- 3 29 36 23 157 269 65 2 1 1 3 23 2 13 7 121 6 3 2'22 13 53 169 'i6 700 1,184 9 2 5 1 16 2 3 33 6 16 14 7 9G 187 66 3 11 6 2 74 3 67 6 24 58 18 265 440 67 3 7 4 28 1 114 1 8 92 30 315 515 68 3 8 5 5 1 22 42 69, 2 2 11 3 2 86 2 2 197 6 32 196 20 449 696 38 111 1 13 131 8 188 ?92 70> 11 3 2 45 2 2 75 5 12 59 11 :.;46 372 71 2 1 11 6 1 11 32 72 2 7 " 31 PBDlABY CENSUS QUILON DISTRICT

Occupied residential houses Literate and DlIItrict/Taluk/ ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX Sl. Village/Kara/ in No. of house- r----"-----. , 4 , r----"-----. ~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M Fi M F M F 1 :2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Lowland TOWlls-Contd. Ward 18 Vadyattukotta 100.00 333 368 2,601 1,383 1,218 49 34 2 947 736 782 216 Block 73 133 141 872 500 372 10 8 .. 366 222 300 55 74 139 165 1,289 623 666 19 18 2 409 403 328 146 75 61 62 388 218 170 167 110 123 13 Housel~ population 52 42 10 20 8 5 1 31 2

Ward 19 Vadakkumbhagom 90.00 300 321 2,047 1,028 1,019 18 18 777 711 463 169 Block 76 64 74 476 237 239 l7l 151 109 26 77 135 144- 970 465 505 8 18 342 333 211 113 78 101 103 584 309 275 264- 227 132 30 Housel~ population 17 17 10 11

Ward 20 Kottakkagom 75.00 425 501 2,981 1,557 1,424 76 55 1,153 881 730 197 Block 79 21 31 218 103 115 83 98 46 5 ., 80 132 153 923 475 448 30 23 369 290 222 55

,~ 81 136 158 934 494- 440 32 23 343 231 226 90 82 123 145 811 428 383 14 9 320 242 210 44- " 83 13 14 94 56 38 37 20 25 3 Housele&\population" 1 1 1 I

Ward 21 Cutcherry 80.00 326 365 2,414 1,288 1,126 34 54 996 695 579 130 Block 84 119 135 1,016 541 475 34 54 413 271 245 53 ,. 85 130 150 904- 486 418 369 255 205 54 " 86 77 80 489 256 233 213 169 129 23 Houseless population 5 5 1

Ward 22 Palace 150.00 365 386 2,234 1,134 1,100 33 27 870 732 529 149 Block 87 69 70 434 220 214 8 5 170 131 101 25 ., 88 151 162 862 454 408 24 21 361 286 228 64 89 145 154 938 460 478 1 1 339 315 200 " 60 Ward 23 Thevalli 120.00 446 476 2,828 1,436 1,392 41 42 1,093 927 640 217 Block 90 145 149 969 513 456 28 29 375 305 211 48 ., 91 133 139 765 358 407 3 6 266 229 163 98 92 143 155 929 481 448 5 6 392 336 218 61 93 25 33 163 82 81 5 1 59 57 46 10 Houseless" population 2 2 .. 1 2 Ward 24 Kaikulangara North 180.00 438 486 3,059 1,583 1,476 142 144 1,009 756 729 176 Block 94 109 123 677 346 331 30 33 231 181 155 45 95 135 151 1,019 526 493 42 35 317 210 251 69 96 126 142 922 493 429 52 59 312 222 221 49 " 97 68 70 438 216 222 18 17 147 143 101 13 Houseless" population 3 2 I 2 1 Ward 25 Kaikulangara South 35.00 405 423 3,081 ' 1,570 1,511 48 42 845 781 747 57 Block 98 74 81 498 246 252 40 34 179 165 116 19 ., 99 139 146 902 470 432 8 8 313 281 224 25 ., 100 85 85 930 471 459 199 195 225 6 101 107 HI 751 383 368 154 140 182 7 "

~2 ABSTRA

i If IS 8 2 120 25 U 256 4- 81 2 271 177 601 1,002 1 •1 5 '12 4 1 106 1 34- 2 117 47 :lOO 317 13 6 3 11 2 10 •4 2 61 18 11 85 2 28 112 119 ?95 520 74- 16 1 .. 63 1 4 40 11 95 157 75 - 11 2 1 2 15 2 11 8 .; 6 107 25 8 98 2 63 177 134 555 850 4 .. 30 8 1 31 2 13 30 16 128 213 76 i 1 4 6 41 16 6 36 30 .. 92 90 ?54 392 77 31 1 1 31 14 1 55 28 177 245 78 - 5 6 6 1 15 33 43 166 42 27 185 4 53 247 106 827 1,227 .. 8 .. . . 19 1 18 5 57 IlO 79 1 8 12 19 40 6 Il 77 .. 11 67 30 253 393 80 1 7 21 24 56 13 13 51 3 9 .. 68 50 268 350 81 '~ -1 59 23 1 32 1 22 1 94 18 218 339 82 3 2 6 10 4 3 31 35 83 1

:4 12 2 27 25 86 17 9 l'i3 3 22 268 82 709 996 1 11 2 16 10 37 13 3 51 3 11 .. 115 25 296 422 84 1 1 11 15 35 4 6 66 8 1 77 34 281 364 85 14 'l6 3 76 23 127 210 86 .5

5 S 8 9 9 110 37 21 73 2 46 3 257 95 605 951 2 1 1 4 4 13 3 6 25 14 1 'l6 15 119 189 87 1 II 3 2 .. 'i5 25 7 24 25 2 III 34 226 344 88 2 4 3 S 42 9 8 24 7 110 46 260 418 89 9 4 5 141 71 4 102 46 329 140 796 1,175 6 44 11 .. 31 15 114 37 302 408 90 2 .. 62 53 J 13 " 13 72 45 195 309 191 1 3 5 30 5 I 51 I 11 116 50 263 387 92 5 2 2 6 6 27 8 36 71 93 1 1

Ii 5 80 2 7 :2 173 77 26 94 41 289 84 854 1,300 4 21 12 2 15 .. 3 110 32 191 286 94 3 -8 5 25 .. 2 77 27 19 43 1 19 51 33 275 424 95 3 1 20 1 5 43 31 5 30 15 100 15 272 380 96 1 1 31 1 32 7 6 4 27 4 115 209 97 111

2 550 2 2 14 62 21 35 lO 9 87 9 823 1,454 2 17 ., 35 9 22 3 6 34 6 130 233 98 162 2 13 14 6 8 4- 3 35 2 246 407 99 208 1 8 1 3 3 6 246 453 100 163 5 5 2 12 I 201 361 lOl

33 106141980 PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTlUCl

Occupied residential houses Literate and District Talukl Total nwnber of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Worken TownJW ard/Block/ Area No. of persons enwnerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX 81. Village/Karat in No. of house- ,---J----.. ,.---.A-----, ~ No. Forest range aaes houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 LowlandToWDs-corwld.

Ward 26 Tangasseri ~.OO 371 469 2,974 1,469 1,505 874 892 531 123 Block 102 32 36 171 83 88 46 49 37 12 103 117 141 836 431 405 214 211 176 I 104 84 139 804 396 408 179 201 171 10 105 119 132 1,046 505 541 389 392 130 89 106 19 21 117 54 63 46 39 17 11 Ward 27 Punnathala 313.00 641 708 4,589 2,355 2,234 251 261 1,566 1,233 1,004 179 Block 107 108 119 800 411 389 29 45 286 198 174 46 108 127 143 923 465 458 30 24 334 275 206 37 .. 109 123 141 920 471 449 83 79 255 200 218 14 " 110 137 141 933 488 445 83 76 328 258 196 47 " 111 130 146 915 471 444- 26 37 324 261 196 27 " 112 16 18 98 49 49 39 41 14 8 " Ward 28 Kureepuzha But 158.00 363 406 2,584 1,276 1,308 117 110 886 697 564- 204 Block 113 113 146 819 404- 415 51 54 280 232 184 69 114 122 127 920 443 477 36 29 303 254 196 57 " 115 128 133 845 429 416 30 27 303 211 184 78 " Ward 2!N{tueepuzha Wast 12~.00 425 449 3,294 1,679 1,615 90 80 1,118 715 714 202 Block 116 148 150 1,059 537 522 47 43 373 249 189 52 117 139 147 1,074 563 511 17 11 356 222 265 55 " 118 138 152 1,156 576 580 26 26 388 244 260 95 Houseless" population 5 3 2 1 Ward 30 Manayilkulangara 299.00 466 512 3,311 1,637 1,674 129 162 1,027 758 696 152 Block 119 4 6 48 26 22 18 13 11 2 120 139 145 953 470 483 38 47 236 177 199 46 .. 121 132 148 1,002 515 487 29 29 323 209 205 36 " 122 131 ISO 909 433 476 48 71 304 235 184 35 .. 123 60 63 399 193 206 14 15 146 124 97 33 "

Midland Villages .7 MuIavana 5,579.00 3,021 3,122 19,065 9,702 9,363 1,035 1,002 6 6 6,209 4,852 4,152 1,884 1 Perayan 1,849 1,918 11,395 5,807 5,588 389 381 .. 3,745 3,072 2,460 1,055 2 Mulavana 1,172 1,204 7,670 3,895 3,775 646 621 6 6 2,464- 1,780 1,692 829 48 Kottankara 4,502.22 3,389 3,492 20,367 10,210 10,157 1,630 1,762 5,913 3,802 4,461 3,278 1 Peroor 1,020 1,046 6,479 3,252 3,227 471 501 1,912 1,253 1,326 991 2 Kottankara 717 759 4,331 2,140 2,191 360 352 1,269 766 925 776 3 Punukannur 1,075 1,095 6,130 3,042 3,088 542 609 1,797 1,186 1,433 985 4: Perumpuzha 577 592 3,427 1,776 1,651 257 300 935 597 777 526 49 Thrikkovilvattom 5,490.43 4,588 4,741 25,653 12,676 12,977 1,509 1,547 2 4 6,834 4,258 5,617 3,638 1 Thattarkonam 260 265 1,539 , 775 764 49 61 428 210 365 251 2 Cheriyelah 355 361 2,244 1,110 1,134 230 240 421 225 516 250 3 Chenthapoo 239 242 1,334 641 693 lIB 129 288 188 306 231 4 Naduvilakkara 241 243 1,544 753 791 68 78 459 351 330 199 5 Cherikkonam 261 262 1,594 785 809 77 73 390 233 350 197 6 Tbrikkovilvattcm 141 144 861 433 428 14 15 331 249 193 110 34 ABSTRACT KERALA STATE Workers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu­ Plantations, facturmg In Transport. As Agri­ Orchards At House­ other than In Trade Storage and h cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi­ In Other Non­ Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry Itruction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ~ ~ ,.--.A.---., ,-~ ,--~ ,..---A-----., ,-~ ,..----A----, ,..---A---, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M FI 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

263 4 85 2 18 9 3 26 129 112 938 1,382 20 6 10 10 46 76 102 160 4 2 10 1 235 404 103 81 .. 38 .. 1 5 5 41 10 225 398 104 2 4 31 J 16 2 2 17 62 80 375 452}o5 1 6 1 3 6 11 37 52 106 28 5 4- 2 79 14- 42 246 35 75 196 6 66 296 88 1,331 2,055 4- 1 11 3 10 34 9 8 62 I 3 48 25 237 '343 107 6 1 2 6 47 3 24 39 2 22 60 31 259 421 108 2 .. .. 25 .. 57 4 8 43 . . 12 73 8 253 435 109 9 1 2 23 7 30 55 6 29 18 I II 43 8 292 393 110 9 2 14 4 2 49 13 6 31 2 15 68 8 275 417 III 4 3 3 4 8 35' 41 112 25 25 58 156 88 15 60 49 232 57 712 1,104 4 12 10 29 16 2 20 4 113 43 220 346 113 2 14- 7 19 72 30 10 14 13 64- 8 247 420 114 7 6 29 55 42 3 26 I 32 55 6 245 338 115 4 34- 15 28 215 130 22 152 2 60 1 212 41 965 1,413 1 18 73 37 13 39 3 1 4-2 14 348 470 116 13 12 24- 73 17 I 52 17 95 13 298 4.'16 117 3 3 4 69 76 8 61 40 75 14 316 485 118 3 2 9 4 2 16 174 70 23 llO 85 220 52 941 1,522 5 1 4 2 15 20 119 ~ . 15- 2 12- I 42 33 12 34 34- 49 11 271 437 120 7 .. 8 1 .. 60 17 5 40 23 61 19 310 451 121 13 7 1 13 5 37 10 4 21 16 80 12 249 441 122 3 3 11 11 30 9 2 11 10 30 10 96 173 123

1,438 122 416 39 679 57 114 679 1,310 116 199 136 57 8 511 154 5,550 7,479 47 801 95 143 18 660 42 106 340 603 16 133 135 31 8 294 89 3,347 4,533 1 637 27 273 21 19 15 8 339 707 100 66 1 2n 217 65 2,2U:'\ 2,946 2 1.228 46 720 16 103 136 52 1,263 3,091 44- 280 104 578 70 5,749 6,879 48 190 13 202 12 28 87 24 406 907 19 105 48 241 35 1,926 2,236 1 152 3 183 2 22 22 13 310 739 .12 53 27 144 19 1,215 1,415 2 574 15 260 2 27 21 6 350 951 13 57 2 19 112 9 1,609 2,103 3 312 15 75 31' 6 9 197 494- 65 1 10 81 7 999 1,125 4 2,022 149 657 34 81 143 25 1,4'i4- 3,300 69 357 29 108 726 10] 7,059 9,339 49 139 30 23 6 17 6 107 212 18 23 7 25 3 410 513 1 255 1 84- 2 4- .. 93 233 16 7 I 56 14 594- 884- 2 83 5 33 15 6 I 109 214 I 13 10 31 II 335 462 3 184 5 29 I .. 7 .. 56 188 6 4 4 40 5 423 592 4 1')0 1 36 .. 23 1 74 191 6 17 2 38 4 435 612 5 47 8 52 2 2 2 32 95 2 3 4 49 5 240 318 6 33 106)41980 PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTBICl ,.------

Occupied residential houses Literate and Diltrict(faluk/ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Tawn/Ward/mockl Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX 81. Village{Kara/ in No. of house- \ ~ r---"---. ~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F If F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Midland VUJagIS-Gontd. 7 Vettilathazham 281 291 1,895 966 929 106 99 593 301 403 275 8 Kurumanna 114- 118 699 348 351 92 112 177 108 181 133 9 Pankonam 194 201 1,166 582 584 95 86 2 4 306 185 274 185 10 Kannanalloor 924- 998 3,059 1,548 1,511 58 62 891 543 581 314 11 Kizhavur 242 247 1.481 701 780 140 151 411 261 323 287 12 Puthuchira 79 82 491 251 240 58 49 142 69 115 82 13 Perayam 458 470 2,940 1,453 1,487 144 144 743 436 637 463 14 Thazhuthala 333 340 1,955 938 1,017 136 122 548 406 430 304 15 North Mylakkadu 257 267 1,573 744 829 43 40 443 372 303 223 16 Mylapur 209 210 1,278 648 630 81 86 263 121 310 134 50 Nedumpana 6,93+.7S 8.497 3,564 20,731 10,358 10,373 1,413 1,510 .. 5,597 3,695 -4,817 2,653 IP~ 390 400 2,259 1,101 1,158 205 229 726 595 530 302 2 Nallila 387 389 2,667 1,310 1,357 82 84 873 675 568 269 S Puliyila 358 371 2,126 1,058 1,068 143 164 640 4£5 550 318 4 Nedumbanakal 762 771 4,550 2,255 2,295 266 253 1,340 890 1,059 576 5 Muttakkavu 533 544 3,274 1,711 1,563 130 114 613 199 772 36B 6 Kundumon 125 126 756 389 367 41 41 104 30 167 78 7 Pallimon 635 651 3,375 1,672 1,703 380 440 795 516 756 550 B Elavoor 138 143 780 392 388 72 76 239 149 182 106 9 Miyyannoor 169 169 944- 470 474 94- 109 267 176 233 l86 Adichanalloor 4,171.18 2,210 2,228 13,916 6,975 6,941 780 767 .. 4,181 2,921 3,158 1,762.. 51 1 Thazhuthala Cherry 727 732 4,833 2,445 2,388 341 326 1,569 1,108 1,016 681 2 Mylakattu Cherry 331 332 2,078 1.036 1,042 58 50 634 423 440 145 S Plakkattu Cherry 155 155 886 429 457 95 99 236 168 208 132 4 Kundumon Cherry 133 133 823 413 410 36 4-l 145 78 209 117 5 Adichanalloor Cherry 391 397 2,414 1,216 1,198 153 158 723 487 573 284 6 Kaythakuzhy Cherry 234 234 1,501 747 754 43 40 439 316 374 201 7 Kummalloor Cherry 239 245 1,381 689 692 54 53 435 341 338 202 52 Poothakkulam 4,095.31 1,744 1.786 13,324 6.347 6,977 950 1.096 .. 3,942 2.933 2.878 2.186 1 Koonayil 177 180 1,039 486 553 82 103 293 222 208 166 2 Kalakkottu 485 495 2,806 1,299 1,507 281 344 741 512 554 405 3 Nelletti 136 143 769 351 418 6 15 239 174 119 97 4 Poothakkulam 946 968 8,710 4,211 4,499 581 634 .. 2,669 2,025 1,997 1,518

53 Meen~du 8,292.72 4,389 4,486 26.261 12,923 13.338 1,847 1.827 .. 8,179 6,725 5.967 3,173 1 Nedumgolam 494 533 2,879 1,410 1.469 283 295 906 743 638 429 2 Meenadu 368 374 2,322 1,160 1.162 168 160 721 573 569 349 S Chathannoorthazhom 905 916 5,546 2,723 2,823 291 306 1.796 1,478 1,208 598 4- Mamballikunnom 328 332 2,152 1.077 1,075 169 180 706 604 468 122 5 Koyippadu 127 127 762 387 375 55 51 274 220 183 61 6 Idanadu 132 132 760 386 374 60 65 235 190 192 108 7 Chathannoor Eram 723 726 4,367 2,134 2.233 180 181 1~450 1,232 984 442 8 Chirakkarathazhom 352 375 2,053 1,008 1,045 237 232 582 418 485 272 9 Uliyanadu 309 311 1,731 848 883 170 160 444- 330 414 266 10 Varinjam 309 311 1,902 923 979 118 108 545 483 438 289 11 Idavattom 283 287 1,460 709 751 III 87 422 364 320 188 12 Kulathukonam 59 62 327 158 169 5 2 98 90 68 39 54 Kalluvathukkal 9.088.08 3,611 3,704 20,674 10,100 10,574 1,538 1,665 .. 6,107 4,674 4,658 2.580 1 Varinjam 356 362 2,143 1,078 1,065 112 112 684 563 488 209 2 Nadakkal 380 380 2,044 973 1,071 114 130 564- 406 445 261 3 Chirakkara Edavattom 181 181 964- 466 498 147 150 226 194 231 136 86 ABSTRACT KERALA ST,ATE Workers In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Wurkers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ,---A---. ,.....-J---, ,.-----A---., ,-----'--, ~ ,-----'--, ~ ~ ,,--J---, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

104 1 27 5 2 19 118 264 1 77 3 52 5 563 654 7 77 18 14 3 5 3 4 35 103 3 6 5 33 5 167 218 8 104 9 33 3 I 5 81 170 2 11 2 35 3 308 399 9 207 29 54 9 2 .. 145 263 2 31 3 10 121 19 967 1,197 10 119 11 54 2 4 6 1 87 260 1 8 4 7 37 9 378 493 11 35 .. 17 4 12 3 22 78 .. 5 . . 2 18 1 136 158 12 145 5 54 1 8 12 205 444 5 • 79 4 23 1Of) 9 816 1,024 13 104 3 73 4 10 1 156 290 3 30 1 7 46 6 .'i08 713 14 121 18 42 3 2 2 1 89 183 2 11 17 11 23 1 441 606 15 143 5 32 8 5 26 8 45 112 1 32 10 16 1 3~8 496 16 2,604 198 679 73 89 154 22 627 2,303 25 198 46 395 55 5,541 7,720 50 343 16 50 1 24 .. 2 71 273 13 2 25 11 571 856 1 366 12 21 1 3 1 20 78 249 1 25 4 50 6 742 1,088 2 257 14 54 13 5 73 3 102 283 4 15 1 39 5 508 750 3 563 104 141 24 29 27 3 133 436 5 31 9 121 9 1,196 1,719 4 391 12 171 10 14 16 13 91) 328 .. 46 9 35 5 939 1,195 5 70 2 39 1 2 1 1 25 74 1 17 4 8 222 289 6 382 12 112 16 10 12 2 99 508 1 41 16 83 12 916 1,153 7 104 14 41 6 .. 8 83 12 6 11 3 210 282 8 128 12 50 1 2 3 21 69 1 4 1 23 4 237 388 9 853 113 622 89 33 119 11 650 1,291 58 172 2 61 590 254 3,817 5,179 51 121 15 340 16 8 52 5 232 494 32 46 26 159 149 1,429 1,707 1 99 15 15 10 4 8 160 III 23 12 119 8 596 897 2 63 4 31 3 2 44 98 3 11 2 52 27 221 325 3 68 17 27 3 1 29 93 1 14 69 4 204 293 4 236 15 120 36 7 5 99 211 7 34 7 58 22 643 914 5 143 15 \ 42 4 9 22 3 44 158 5 25 9 75 21 373 553 6 123 32 47 17 5 29 3 42 126 10 1 19 5 58 23 351 490 7

1,282 441 574, 95 45 402 1,443 132 163 59 81 6 57 246 36 3,469 4,791 52 42 17 66', 31 133 33 10 3 8 4 21 5 278 387 1 213 12 170 7 13 87 378 17 4 10 11 2 6 27 2 745 1,102 2 26 4 8 4 47 81 3 2 5 28 8 232 321 3 1,001 408 330 84 32 1 237 851 79 149 46 60 4 42 170 21 2,214 2,981 4 1,768 288 1,187 215 113 35 594 238 888 2,127 142 328 9 181 766 260 6,956 10,165 53 164 32 194 123 8 52 88 93 150 11 25 3 18 73 32 772 1,040 1 143 19 184 26 6 ,I .. 54 14 103 280 1 21 9 48 10 591 813 2 275 48 129 14 17 215 41 218 450 33 80 1 45 196 44 1,515 2,225 3 153 16 75 1 6 49 64 27 42 1 11 104 41 609 953 4 70 6 30 2 36 45 17 2 6 20 10 204 314 5 72 8 46 5 1 22 16 90 10 5 4 12 9 194 266 6 367 63 67 14 4 2 82 34 143 251 21 88 4 55 157 74 1,150 1,791 7 119 19 192 23 10 1 30 18 49 205 2 23 6 54 16 523 763 8 100 4 119 11 8 5 77 33 43 202 3 1 11 3 50 10 434 617 9 176 38 50 1 15 1 39 3 85 239 15 17 18 23 7 485 690 10 99 29 86 2 36 24 14 5 44 122 2 13 4 22 6 389 563 11 30 6 15 1 I 3 2 9 29 1 2 7 1 90 130 12 2,160 411 811 209 209 41 158 46 437 1,723 56 205 7 70 552 141 5,442 7,994 154 231 23 75 5 34 9 20 1 36 151 3 14 8 67 20 590 856 1 253 30 46 19 31 8 19 7 31 186 17 18 2 28 11 528 810 2 70 5 33 3 66 15 9 29 110 3 ~ 16 3 235 362 3 37 10614198C PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTRICT

Occupied residential houses Literate and District/Talukf ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Block! Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX S1. VIIlage/Kara/ in No. of house- ~ ~ ,....---A--...... ,....---A--...... No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Midland ViUages-concld. 4 Mevanakonam 302 313 1,681 806 875 83 107 472 347 368 195 5 Kulathukonam 90 94 608 304 304 39 44 202 147 137 74 6 Kanmbalur 381 393 2,126 1,017 1,109 157 181 604 522 487 321 7 Vilavoorkonam 267 276 1,479 727 752 170 180 448 325 354 174 8 Illamkulamthazham 251 251 1,354 645 709 102 115 410 311 316 188 9 Kottakerom 786 835 4,799 2,400 2,399 307 314 1,550 1,158 1,075 619 10 Kadambattukonam 201 202 1,160 542 618 61 78 344 256 251 207 11 Kizhakkanelah 189 189 1,068 515 553 145 156 243 173 235 75 12 Velamanur 227 228 1,248 627 621 101 98 360 272 271 121

Lowland Villages 55 Munro Island 3,302.62 1,232 1,307 7,644 3,93B 3,706 608 562 2,559 I,B63 1,864 1,035 I Kidapparam 218 234 1,294 665 629 138 118 403 277 311 138 2 Perumgalam 109 110 654 340 314 21 13 195 135 176 107 3 Pattamthuruthu 116 122 764 395 369 75 75 260 175 182 109 '" Pezhamthuruthu 127 127 777 397 380 28 36 259 184 196 120 5 Kantrankani. 189 200 1,260 661 599 160 141 431 305 276 183 6 Nenmanl 298 321 1,873 968 905 130 130 644 482 470 277 7 Vellimangalam 175 193 1,022 512 510 56 49 367 305 253 101

56 Ea~t Kallada 3,015.57 2,445 2,558 14,937 7,340 7,597 1,421 1,582 6 2 4,774 3,870 3,484 1,728 I Thazhathu Muri 116 125 641 312 329 131 129 152 118 13.f. 120 2 Koduvlla Muri 561 600 3,440 1,712 1,728 210 236 1,121 843 817 387 3 Koyikkal Muri 139 146 810 382 428 36 31 267 250 192 39 4 Pazhayar Muri 176 192 1,164 573 591 78 101 380 304 282 94 5 Maravoor MUfl 152 166 897 444 453 34 40 289 236 229 86 6 Uppukudu Muri 158 164 938 465 473 49 47 347 304 243 85 '/ 1 hekke Muri 1,143 1,165 7,047 3,432 3,595 383 998 6 2 2,218 1,815 l,5G7 897 57 Perinad 6,168.02 5,053 5,263 29,499 14,694 14,805 2,469 2,552 4- 8,309 6,067 6.4lf 4,883 1 Perumon 394 405 2,136 1,007 1,129 72 87 679 535 428 450 2 Chittayam 513 545 3,056 1,535 1,521 344 339 875 625 677 534 3 Panayam 266 276 1,595 773 817 159 148 446 336 353 221 4 Ampachaveli 116 124 712 349 363 56 58 209 161 140 120 5 Kandachlra 219 230 1,380 711 669 78 82 477 348 316 217 6 ChoJnanchlra 158 158 998 483 515 150 170 283 198 21S [69 7 Pampali 130 131 771 372 399 53 57 252 179 157 142 8 Chathmakulam 115 124 705 346 359 14 16 217 121 141 109 9 Charukattu 197 205 1,089 544 545 80 81 4 337 226 243 218 10 Kuzhlyam 676 706 3,650 1,856 1,794 431 418 967 487 876 669 I 1 Chemmakadu 351 367 1,944 995 949 147 156 7'10 503 422 318 12 Cherumoodu 972 987 5,732 2,881 2,851 425 428 1,771 1,255 1,215 881 13 Idavattom 948 1,005 5,731 2,837 2,894 460 512 1,586 1,093 1,228 835 58 Thrikkaruva 4,543.22 2,728 2,909 16,364 8,156 8,208 996 1,050 4,856 3,351 3,476 2,841 1 Ashtamudi 389 402 2,273 1,166 1,107 71 91 730 507 489 412 2 Vadakkekara 238 255 1,427 714 713 109 133 446 286 335 235 3 Inchavlla 196 210 1,196 614 582 66 86 430 293 266 165 ". Naduvilachery 172 137 1.081 531 550 53 53 246 140 216 191 5 Prakulam 797 847 4,621 2,286 2,335 296 309 1,313 941 963 810 fi Thekkechery 678 745 4,162 2,050 2,112 276 272 1,201 840 875 806 7 Njarakkal 258 263 1,604 795 809 125 106 490 344 332 222 12 ABSTRACT KERALA STATE Workers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X r----A---> r--"------. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r-~ M F M F M F N:I F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

165 26 46 5 lIr ~. 4 2 58 152 4 23 8 44 9 438 680 4 86 11 19 1 3 1 4 6 11 53 2 8 4 2 167 230 5 235 75 112 52 10 3 17 15 38 165 5 18 1 8 1 44 9 530 788 6 197 39 105 29 3 1 5 1 17 99 1 8 2 16 5 373 578 7 194 47 51 19 5 1 8 23 113 1 8 .. 1 25 8 329 521 8 389 77 135 17 33 3 63 11 127 456 19 76 5 25 208 50 1,325 1,780 9 114 45 27 15 7 2 39 132 .. 10 5 47 15 291 411 10 90 5 91 14 1 5 11 50 1 7 4 25 6 280 478 11 136 28 71 30 2 3 17 56 15 1 2 28 3 356 500 12

354 13 164 25 157 2 362 896 218 50 7 105 85 412 49 2,074 2,671 55 98 2 39 8 20 4{) 112 11 8 16 3 84 8 354 491 1 4{) 31 39 22 102 20 1 2 9 13 4 164 207 2 7 36 6 46 105 18 5 3 61 4 213 260 3 8 12 105 III 18 6 20 9 24 3 201 260 4 39 3 14 2 34- 4{) 154 45 19 4 16 7 77 5 385 416 5 82 4 18 ,4 44 2 87 245 78 10 2 38 30 91 12 498 628 6 80 4 26 11 2 22 67 28 6 1 8 24 62 13 259 4{)9 7 1,237 78 418 27 389 2 169 546 330 894 46 156 43 75 1 664 137 3,856 5,869 56 34 1 46 4 6 17 77 11 37 1 39 1 158 209 1 250 16 72 9 226 2 30 180 38 107 3 37 38 17 1 144 34 895 1,341 2 80 10 27 9 1 7 29 1 8 1 2 57 19 190 369 3 139 6 28 23 1 2 25 82 15 15 1 35 4 291 497 4 117 20 122 2 12 1 23 55 15 6 7 26 9 215 367 5 121 12 13 18 1 1 26 60 1 16 4 43 12 222 388 6 496 13 210 12 95 118 286 200 524 10 74 4 44 320 58 1,885 2,698 7 1,511 133 732\ 34- 451 3 592 2,480 1,244 2,053 94 330 37 171 1,289 142 8,280 9,922 57 107 21 33 15 39 100 396 32 10 17 2 23 77 6 579 679 1 155 46 64 70 99 412 70 63 12 36 4 18 153 9 858 987 2 51 2 7, 20 43 170 42 30 25 28 10 127 19 425 596 3 31 21 1. 12 23 102 17 14 5 .. 7 24 3 209 243 4 19 2 9 26 99 149 44 36 21 9 6 92 21 395 452 5 12 11 30 9 12 62 151 1 8 5 80 6 265 346 6 4{) 2 22 5 11 72 36 67 7 8 28 1 215 257 7 36 3 23 13 70 26 36 1 15 5 22 205 250 8 31 3 61 3 32 107 33 104 4 13 1 11 55 3 301 327 9 209 16 218 11 22 ., 53 140 234 495 3 39 13 85 7 980 1,125 10 142 8 16 56 1" 19 255 46 39 3 19 7 9 112 8 573 631 11 417 29 86 81 .. 76 540 240 270 3 50 8 25 237 34 1,666 1,970 12 261 1 161 7 87 2 15 55 362 738 42 72 6 31 1 197 25 1,609 2,059 13 345 30 165 2 350 813 2,464 422 88 21 295 70 223 842 186 4,680 5,367 58 23 3 6 52 155 356 58 2 6 25 10 52 112 41 677 695 1 65 5 16 66 44 190 30 2 2 23 20 20 69 18 379 478 2 67 1 35 10 31 147 34 9 19 7 63 8 348 417 3 16 18 1 18 .. 49 180 28 1 1 16 1 6 64 8 315 359 4 43 5 7 114 1 310 720 89 11 7 79 25 52 262 48 1,323 1,525 5 61 9 19 .. 71 186 673 124 59 4 116 14 80 214 51 1,175 1,306 6 70 7 64 1 19 .. ' 38 198 59 4 1 17 6 58 12 463 587 7 39 1061 4198C PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTRICT

Occupied residential houses Literate and District/Taluk/ ,..-----J----. Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons J-IX S1. Village/Karat in No. of house- r----~---~r-~~ r---.A-~ ..--..A._~ ,.---"--7"\ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F 1\1 F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Lowland Villages-Contd.

59 Thrikadavoor 3,668.51 3,438 3,702 21,437 10,659 10,778 860 908 6,611 4,736 4,531 2,946 1 Murunthal 528 563 3,519 1,747 1,772 190 201 1,202 893 779 495 2 Njarakkal 151 174 1,059 528 531 34 29 252 166 200 123 3 Kottakkakam 326 346 2,033 978 1,055 71 67 659 519 459 306 4 Kadavoor 306 336 1,902 978 924 66 63 594 388 447 260 5 Neeravil 622 654 3,861 1,902 1,959 204 230 1,191 852 803 670 6 Kurepuzha 912 996 5,497 2,738 2,759 188 193 1,547 1,079 1,123 635 7 Mathilil 593 633 3,566 1,788 1,778 107 125 1,166 839 720 457 60 QuiIon 3,143.72 5,100 5,339 32,028 16,067 15;961 1,438 1,447 4 2 9,600 7,135 6,906 3,432 1 Sakthlkulangara 1,106 1,144 6,732 3,464 3,268 240 218 1,877 1,185 1,488 622 2 Meenathuchery 965 966 5,755 2,943 2,812 179 156 4 2 1,744 1,242 1,237 522 3 Kannimel 1,198 1,242 7,460 3,691 3,769 569 626 ., 2,280 1,882 1,607 728 4 Kureepuzha 496 560 3,297 1,648 1,649 101 100 1,033 780 707 374 5 Thirumullavaram 51 56 278 140 138 30 33 99 75 55 30 6 Asramom 464 532 3,304 1,630 1,674 62 45 1,025 812 674 368 7 Uliakovil 820 839 5,202 2,551 2,651 257 269 ... 1,542 1,159 1,138 788 61 Vadakkevila 1,771.05 3,340 3,618 22,438 11,232 11,206 1,049 1,098 6,399 4,119 4,685 2,934- 1 Pattathanam kara 463 512 3,142 1,542 1,600 191 202 974 733 613 340 2 Vadakkevila 863 994 6,089 3,096 2,993 139 155 1,751 1,131 1,317 672 3 Ayathil Cherry 840 915 5,589 2,797 2,792 370 378 1,519 898 1,178 843 4 Manakkattu Cherry 215 220 1,445 744 701 10 8 413 204 308 99 5 Muiluv!la Cherry 225 234 1,352 661 691 99 97 360 275 306 293 6 Panthalathazham 472 477 3,144 1,563 1,581 201 215 895 484 619 523 7 Palathara 108 109 677 327 350 28 25 197 191 127 89 8 Thattamala 154 157 1,000 502 498 11 18 290 203 217 75

62 Eravipuram 2,477.73 4,131 4,326 26,344 13,118 13,226 1,103 1,177 • ~ J 7,225 5,499 5,678 2,747 1 Thekkevila 1,583 1,683 10,357 5,178 5,179 444 486 3,044 2,198Jl 2,263 1,043 2 Kayyalakkal 245 247 1,731 846 885 40 43 407 216 361 103 3 Panthrandummuri 271 274 1,673 819 854 19 23 510 400 346 133 4 Pinakkal 51 51 351 183 168 5 5 141 103 81 23 5 Valathungal Cherry 587 595 3,472 1,720 1,752 201 209 1,044 825 719 457 6 Tazham 61 62 414 203 211 4 4 118 73 85 19 7 Akolil- 301 308 1,835 909 926 183 193 498 377 380 190 8 Vadakkum Cherry 386 443 2,360 1,178 1,182 144 138 599 520 531 371 9 Mayyanadu Cherry 159 160 893 441 452 45 50 300 265 201 91 10 Thekkumbhagom 487 503 3,258 1,641 1,617 18 26 564 522 711 317 63 Ma.yyanadu 4,158.99 4,126 4,202 24,676 12,112 12,564 1,289 1,382 17 13 7,729 6,270 4,724 2,459 1 Valathungal Cherry 35 36 194 93 101 .. 72 68 42 19 2 Pinackal Cherry 226 226 1,393 728 665 .30 29 511 347 295 105 3 Vadakkumkara Kizhakkecherry 728 751 4,745 2,426 2,319 269 292 1,179 579 1,012 687 4 Vadakkumkara Pandinjarucherry 103 106 559- 271 288 27 20 174 127 131 95 5 Naduv!lakkara Cherry 530 555 3,151 1,535 1,616 193 215 1,099 936 592 369 6 Thazhathu Cherry 137 142 805 386 419 31 33 289 262 163 90 7 AYlramthengu Cherry 207 211 1,275 651 624 25 29 412 272 275 84 8 Thekkumkara Cherry 506 509 2,996 1,441 1,555 53 68 976 872 536 254 9 Akolil Cherry 259 261 1,495 763 732 203 205 17 13 483 345 312 162 10 Mayyanadu South 14 14 97 50 47 1 22 16 26 3 11 Mayyanadu Cherry 1,381 ,1,391 7,966 3,768 4,198 457 491 2,512 2,446 1,340 591 40 ABSTRAar KERALA S'lATE

Workers In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ,-.A._-., ,.---.A----. ~ ~ ~ r----"---'\ ~ ~ ~ ,----'---., M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

361 29 164 21 535 4 865 2,212 819 375 98 415 84 282 992 219 6,128 7,832 59 81 8 19 5 60 202 389 140 64 20 67 4 39 151 25 968 1,277 1 23 27 4 5 27 48 38 62 27 9 44 9 328 408 2 55 1 25 2 19 101 270 85 17 24 39 23 1 88 15 519 749 3 48 2 56 9 38 54 204- 65 19 14- 25 00 16 131 26 531 664 4 29 5 10 1 79 254 588 136 20 8 80 4 31 176 52 1,099 1,289 5 93 10 17 252 3 152 475 155 54 17 1 107 56 77 253 36 1,615 2,124 6 32 3 10 82 1 75 238 200 139 15 70 20 87 149 56 1,068 1,321 7 217 43 133 70 1,395 3 432 1,057 1,976 1,692 160 3 629 129 326 4 1,638 431 9,161 12,529 60 39 4 43 7 669 181 435 151 42 12 109 53 39 2 245 79 1,976 2,646 1 13 2 4 396 115 167 207 267 18 121 25 54 309 61 1,706 2,290 2 105 21 68 61 244 1 75 262 489 241 42 128 28 79 1 377 113 2,084 3,041 3 27 10 1 52 1 31 103 237 195 50 3 qo 16 47 1 172 45 941 1,275 4 19 85 108 5 1 00 4 1 1 24 9 1 1 4 20 5 2 5 1 10 16 56 320 239 31 69 6 45 173 64- 956 1,306 6 27 4 12 1 20 1 13 33 548 699 6 III 1 58 343 49 1,413 1,863 7 243 24 207 21 99 233 107 1,712 2,603 70 777 5 318 2 1,026 171 6,547 8,272 61 10 2 7 2 ' 10 4 1 239 284- 19 69 2 65 190 49 929 1,260 I 48 6 10 24 28 11 522 600 8 197 1 91 389 54 1,779 2,321 2 82 5 118 7 20 17 6 481 799 31 159 2 86 1 184 23 1,619 1,949 3 17 2 4 1 16 1 112 88 2 71 25 60 8 436 602 4 2 3 16 2 5 64- 8 107 260 1 40 10 1 61 19 355 398 5 .65 5 39 10 29 1 14 174 500 8 174 28 88 7 944 1,058 6 8 1 7 42 41 34 39 12 2 22 8 200 261 7 11 13 3 48 39 43 33 1 55 11 32 3 285 423 8 181 51 149 37 851 8 405 572 1,791 1,771 103 813 21 324 1,061 285 7,440 10,479 62 81 26 69 21 40 31 88 937 794 35 389 4 147 534 110 2,915 4,136 1 10 6 3 2 1 10 125 80 00 130 59 31 7 485 782 2 721 3 7 00 7 133 89 80 22 4 1 50 25 40 21 473 2 3 24 13 6 5 1 6 1 38 5 102 145 4 27 12 25 6 13 65 27 248 380 19 101 36 1 185 31 1,001 1,295 5 3 2 118 192 6 1 00 1 1 2 14 5 27 11 3 27 7 11 1 45 6 17 3 32 5 136 155 20 43 12 64 20 529 736 7 14 3 2 242 4 16 187 139 139 6 29 8 14 71 28 647 811 8 25 3 3 1 20 32 18 48 46 5 5 3 8 55 20 240 361 9 3 3 505 I 57 130 45 139 10 33 6 15 40 41 930 1,300 10 618 131 440 185 368 2' 461 362 1,020 1,325 62 453 18 257 5 1,045 430 7,388 10,105 63 8 7 51 82 1 2 1 14 7 11 4- 00 6 1 41 12 12 13 36 15 54 64 7 1 47 16 69 13 433 560 2 133 32 66 8 46 39 18 335 608 6 121 77 189 21 1,414 1,632 3 28 2 47 10 6 4 6 22 73 2 7 3 12 4 140 193 4 152 26 82 15 13 2 69 40 107 258 14 33 23 99 28 943 1,247 5 21 7 10 49 30 37 27 14 2 30 26 223 329 6 376 540 43 3 00 3 32 34 83 34 2 28 1 9 75 12 7 49 13 18 8 25 52 56 151 136 11 59 3 31 140 38 905 1,301 8 16 5 54 40 11 28 20 51 61 2 32 17 2 101 34 451 570 9 ,., .. 20 2 2 1 4 24 44 10 133 30 151 104- 231 138 134- 167 60 18 106 13 78 3 318 247 2,428 3,607 11

41 PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTRIar

r------

Occupied residential houses Literate and District/Taluk/ ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total.Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX 81. Village/Karat in No. of house- ,.....--A-,",,\ .-----"---. .-----"---. ~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Lowland Villages-Concitl.

64 Paravoor 4,046.94 3,954 4,307 25,996 12,541 13,455 1,337 1,336 7,488 6,017 5,147 2,692 1 Kurumandal 969 1,031 5,840 2,770 3,070 581 640 1,726 1,455 1,130 679 2 Koonayil 886 916 5,100 2,511 2,589 341 319 1,525 1,101 1,123 775 3 Kottapuram 761 813 5,097 2,405 2,692 128 120 1,609 1,'364 1,007 625 4 Pozhikkara 294 314 1,711 837 874 146 128 599 522 336 186 5 Konga1 557 655 3,997 1,905 2,092 51 49 907 768 685 276 6 Thekkumbhagom 487 578 4,251 2,113 2,138 90 80 1,122 807 866 151

KOTTARAKARA KOTTARAKARA TALUK T 1,36,304.65 56,273 57,105 331,361165,528165,833 22,302 22,734 III 128 91,903 65,777 76,701 30,884 Midland Villages

65 Kulakada 7,209.68 3,645 3,678 19,751 9,860 9,891 1,350 1,360 5,987 4,561 4,861 2,029 1 Kulakada Thazhathu 156 157 1,095 533 562 41 33 316 222 268 107 2 Kulakada Kizhekku 648 650 3,318 1,678 1,640 263 263 1,021 781 859 437 3 Erathukulakada 274 276 1,461 731 730 140 131 424 340 370 141 4 Poovattoor East 655 669 3,603 1,829 1,774 304 307 1,177 890 860 357 5 Poovattoor West 581 586 2,936 1,428 1,508 282 269 762 616 699 313 6 Attuvasseri 257 258 1,321 622 699 74 93 408 338 318 146 7 Puthoor 260 260 1,526 774 752 12 9 561 433 360 122 8 Mylomkulam 215 222 1,287 644 643 24 24 393 310 303 148 9 Vendar 298 299 1,634- 852 782 91 94 518 364 447 137 10 Perumkulam 301 301 1,570 769 801 119 137 407 267 377 121 66 Mylom 6,792.79 3,424 3,455 18,844- 9,299 9,545 1,597 1,686 5,265 3,834 4,457 1,979 1 Kottathala 540 541 2,974 1,439 1,535 256 281 839 660 723 310 2 Perumkulam 147 147 791 402 389 72 72 197 114 202 68 3 Palhkkal 613 632 3,598 1,791 1,807 328 347 874- 624 782 387 4Inchakadu 565 565 3,072 1,529 1,543 213 233 919 651 708 328 5 Anthamon 125 125 685 363 322 80 78 243 173 183 66 6 Kalayapuram 321 323 1,687 836 851 99 100 546 410 420 156 7 Thamarakudi 446 447 2,290 1,107 1,183 265 259 671 503 550 239 8 Mylom 368 375 1,969 952 1,017 108 128 549 389 473 253 9 Pulamon 299 300 1,778 880 898 176 188 427 310 416 172 67 Melila 4,577.59 2,347 2,396 13,790 6,942 6,848 860 946 3,991 2,917 3,146 1,490 1 Irannoor 237 238 1,473 751 722 99 114 320 202 347 130 434 2 Iypalloor 144 144 881 447 29 26 257 216 205 75 3 And6opoika 91 91 584 321 263 10 12 194 129 118 38 4 Pandinjattinkara 355 356 2,225 1,083 1,142 140 167 585 426 496 173 271 5 Chengamanadu 273 295 1,598 814- 784 178 533 371 362 224 6 Chethadi 355 362 2,146 1,080 1,066 78 93 717 600 466 211 7 Melila Padinjattinkara 309 315 1,756 877 879 86 98 506 339 435 171 8 Villoor 297 304 1,585 783 802 128 138 429 337 350 218 9 Melilakizhekkekara 286 291 1,542 786 756 112 125 450 297 367 152 68 Vettikavala 8,953.86 3,306 3,347 19,220 9,568 9,652 1,544 1,550 .. 5,110 3,731 4,404 1,802 1 Thettiyode 161 162 956 485 471 52 53 313 239 249 134 610 105 126 2 Irannoor 200 202 1,199 589 324 225 296 226 :-I Uliyanadu 319 326 2,051 1,006 1,045 108 102 565 455 431 156 .. Maranad 1M 105 578 268 310 46 42 174 133 141 41 180 5 Karikamittom 259 267 1,445 729 716 172 337 264 318 178 42 ABSTRACT DRALA STATE

Workers In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r--~ ~ ~ ~ M F M F M F M F M II M II M F M F M II M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

626 137 213 26 952 11 542 1,492 667 651 178 537 83 192 3 1,240 288 7,394 10,763 64 185 37 149 15 82 4 117 266 149 283 40 66 8 77 265 65 1,640 2,391 1 303 70 58 11 .13 3 138 426 152 208 46 75 6 39 299 50 1,388 1,814 2 88 29 1 47 1 144 395 188 80 35 154 17 31 319 103 1,398 2,067 l 15 1 40 32 116 57 44 41 22 2 14 1 114 23 501 688 4 14 334 76 207 56 26 16 59 10 19 III 32 1,220 1,816 5 21 4 436 3 35 82 65 10 161 40 12 1 132 15 1,247 1,987 6

TALUK 39,300 6,023 14,095 5,453 1,392 152 1,870 800 5,833 14,751 826 10 2,994 80 1,073 49 9,318 3,566 88,827 134,949 T

3,056 543 579 306 80 114 61 366 983 57 111 48 2 450 133 4,999 7,862 65 177 59 8 5 17 10 18 36 1 6 4 27 7 265 455 1 590 196 87 76 8 35 23 58 126 1 14 6 60 16 819 1,203 2 207 44 54 30 6 8 5 9 52 29 6 1 50 10 361 589 3 515 65 117 86 16 28 18 62 146 10 16 11 85 42 969 1,417 4 433 61 101 53 20 21 5 37 179 1 10 4 72 15 729 1,195 5 246 45 14 20 1 34 70 1 2 1 19 11 304 553 6 197 16 3 .. 7 1 58 94 5 24 9 1 56 11 414 630 7 199 10 33 8 1 4 6 30 121 4 11 4 17 3 341 495 8 299 18 56 14 2 4 3 31 90 4 12 3 36 12 405 645 9 193 29 106 14 2 3 1 29 69 1 10 1 5 1 28 6 392 680 10 2,306 366 988 300 29 39 12 431 1,172 81 131 66 386 126 4,842 7,566 66 393 59 116 32 11 15 2 62 203 53 14 5 54 14 716 1,225 1 113 7 42 19 6 .. 10 39 8 5 3 15 3 200 321 2 315 23 184 97 4 2 5 94 220 11 1 48 1 16 108 40 1,009 1,420 3 431 29 88 1,6 .. 2 .. 97 259 2 18 13 57 24 821 1,215 4 111 19 24 28· 10 1 4 18 13 4 1 14 2 180 256 5 280 77 59 8 1 4 I 30 56 4 12 3 1 27 13 416 695 6 280 54 173 40 2 6 37 131 2 8 3 39 14 557 94-1- 7 223 82 142 30 1 48 128 .. 9 9 41 13 479 76-1 8 160 16 160 30 1 2 35 123 1 13 13 31 3 46-1 726 9 1,548 161 601 188 33 45 23 333 1,012 37 152 14 45 2 352 90 3,796 5,333 67 173 8 96 8 36 109 4 17 3 9 11 2 404 592 1 116 13 39 13 13 44 2 15 5 15 5 242 359 2 69 10 26 14 .. 7 8 1 3 12 6 203 225 3 230 46 70 28 12 2 .. 67 182 14 27 .. 5 1 69 14 587 871 4 134 12 79 16 3 18 9 47 171 1 29 8 9 1 42 7 452 560 5 259 12 30 8 2 3 4 67 167 5 24 3 3 73 17 614 855 6 219 21 113 45 2 8 1 35 91 2 14 7 35 13 442 708 7 159 22 78 31 3 13 9 31 148 8 14 2 42 8 433 584 8 189 17 70 25 10 1 30 92 12 2 53 18 419 604 '9 2,357 284 830 298 79 6 51 54 308 972 83 148 9 41 2 507 177 5,164 7,850 68 167 57 30 6 2 .. 5 64 13 8 4 20 7 236 337 1 144 69 68 23 2 5 4 28 116 2 12 1 3 2 32 11 293 384 2 149 20 66 13 7 3 47 107 54 16 10 79 16 575 889 3 77 4 23 4 2 .. .. 15 31 6 1 1 17 1 127 269 4 125 12 78 22 14 3 1 32 118 6 5 4 51 24 411 538 5

43 PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTRICT

r-----

Occupied residential houses Literate and DistrictfTalukf ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Total Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX in No. of house- . I ,.--A----, SI. Village/Karal r ~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4- 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 MldlaDd ViUages-contd.

6 Kannamkodu 157 158 849 438 411 120 109 204 143 204 135 7 Panaveh 414 426 2,539 1,221 1,318 169 205 737 545 577 258 8 Talachira 833 836 4,738 2,385 2,353 377 338 1,175 766 1,067 326 9 Chakkuvarakkal 859 865 4,865 2,447 2,418 395 395 1,281 961 1,121 348

69 Kottarakara 4,300.55 2,904 3,026 19,650 9,822 9,828 997 1,033 6,134 4,962 4,336 1,303 1 Avanoor 181 192 1,240 630 610 1 1 428 297 283 42 2 Muslim Street 174 181 1,156 567 589 1 .. 382 292 239 47 3 Klzhakkekkara 609 647 3,844 1,920 1,924 77 74 1 1,299 1,136 853 274 4 Pazhayatheruvu 292 306 2,007 1,003 1,004 106 120 578 486 447 114 5 Thrikkannamanga1 564 568 3,484 1,693 1,791 133 138 1,035 895 716 214 6 Padinjattinkara 526 567 4,694 2,414 2,280 352 355 1,517 1,237 1,082 369 7 Neduvathoor 86 89 504 249 255 2 171 120 115 37 8 N eelaswaram 187 191 1,114 538 576 82 90 333 247 24i! 76 9 Amba1apuram 148 148 811 419 392 149 158 182 96 192 66 10 Chanthoor 16 16 84 43 41 22 20 19 7 2~ 9 11 Annoor 16 16 84 36 48 12 10 12 8 III 10 12 N ellikunnam 105 105 628 310 318 60 67 178 141 128 45

70 Neduvathoor 5,608.75 2,927 2,928 16,759 8,345 8,414 983 1,058 .. 4,946 3,655 3,915 1,710 1 Thekkumpuram 359 359 2,062 1,058 1,004 25 24 683 496 484 187 2 Thevalapuram 754 754 4,461 2,174 2,287 141 151 1,280 989 1,056 530 3 Kottathala 213 213 1,173 578 595 79 89 355 290 282 115 4 Avanoor 96 96 567 299 268 65 59 155 110 132 60 5 Vallom 254 254 1,360 653 707 183 198 396 323 304 132 6 Anakottoor 300 300 1,632 794 838 113 146 388 252 371 180 7 Neduvathoor 697 698 4,046 2,043 2,003 338 359 1,299 955 924 373 8 Neelaswaram 57 57 318 164 154 12 6 98 66 83 25 9 Chanthoor 98 98 576 305 271 6 6 139 85 14() 49 10 Anoor 99 99 564 277 287 21 20 153 89 139 59

71 Pavithreswaram 5,836.27 3,353 3,418 19,107 9,585 9,522 2,013 2,041 5,588 3,972 4,583 2,483 1 Thazhom 331 334 1,799 902 897 139 146 547 351 426 19() 2 Cherumangad 504 516 2,817 1,380 1,437 251 247 821 540 665 342 3 Karikal 596 619 3,517 1,787 1,730 298 292 1,103 864 829 42() 4 Kaithakodu 675 689 4,026 2,038 1,988 518 524 1,117 782 956 525 5 Pavithreswaram 534 542 2,931 1,511 1,420 334 314 915 621 727 421 6 Idavattom 713 718 4,017 1,967 2,050 473 518 1,085 814 980 585

72 Ezhukone 4,260.33 2,541 2,630 15,161 7,707 7,454 993 1,005 .. 4,925 3,611 3,480 1,906 1 Karuveli 265 266 1,568 769 799 151 188 464 363 333 224 2 Idavattom 44 45 277 141 136 1 1 88 89 53 27 3 Chittakottu 172 172 1,068 546 522 81 82 398 303 251 131 4 Irumpanangad 404 418 2,306 1,150 1,156 234 249 704 553 563 258 5 Ezhukone 466 484 2,736 1,379 1,357 163 161 862 625 638 371 6 Thrippilazhikom 296 304 1,969' 1,049 920 63 44 721 483 430 221 7 Puthusserikonam 91 93 547 , 277 270 53 55 175 104 113 63 8 Edakodu 109 114 670 345 325 78 58 194 J08 157 111 9 Chovallur 31 32 180 89 91 25 26 57 35 39 29 10 Idakodom 185 200 1,059 549 510 66 62 302 218 270 124 11 Kolannoor 239 254 1,396 714 682 54 61 470 369 312 173 12 Kakkottur 239 248 1385 699 686 24 18 490 361 321 174

44 ABSTRACT PRIMABY CENSUS

Workers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantationa, facturing In Tranapcll't, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cationa Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ,/, . ~ I , ~ ,.....-"----, ~ ~ , ~ ~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 3S) 36

87 12 50 17 1 1 23 96 2 8 33 8 234 276 6 338 23 66 9 1 13 14 48 191 2 20 3 2 87 18 644 1,060 7 645 41 173 57 16 1 13 10 54 167 2 55 3 9 100 47 1,318 2,027 8 625 46 276 147 34 3 14 24 56 82 2 18 1 8 88 45 1,326 2,070 9

1,170 186 568 160 40 3 18 7 346 442 130 2 556 10 296 3 1,212 490 5,486 8,525 69 74 14 21 19 3 120 1 14 51 7 347 568 1 43 11 17 10 3 17 6 1 100 3 12 46 17 328 542 2 123 20 31 6 7 1 5 80 34 15 1 141 2 82 1 369 209 1,067 1,650 3 110 10 59 4 1 50 49 15 56 2 53 103 49 556 890 4 288 31 167 43 4 7 52 92 18 31 16 133 48 977 1,577 5 185 43 162 67 8 1 1 2 96 115 57 1 82 94 2 397 138 1,332 1,911 6 31 17 7 3 3 9 13 4- 6 17 38 4 134 218 7 138 20 43 20 8 1 1 5 30 9 10 5 23 5 296 500 8 99 8 57 8 7 6 48 3 1 20 1 227 326 9 12 2 5 1 7 2 1 22 32 10 9 2 5 1 7 1 1 2 18 38 11 58 8 15 2 3 1 8 22 2 10 3 29j J 12 182 273..112

2,157 296 609 170 35 72 12 333 1,123 23 4 145 52 2 489 1021., 4,430 ~ _6,704 70 I 238 • 19 48 15 1 21 2 37 121 7 30 10 92 30 574- 817 690 88 148 37 6 27 2 74 374 5 27 5 74 29 1,1l8 1,757 2 185 24 42 9 1 1 22 76 2 4 1 1 24 5 296 480 3 37 5 39 7 1 17 43 .. 1 12 3 23 4 167 208 4 171 29 80 14 4 16 85 1 1 5 1 5 22 2 349 575 5 213 26 39 23 3 2 2 29 125 2 11 3 69 4 423 658 6 395 87 174 59 13 4 118 208 6 2 41 21 1 152 16 1,1l9 1,630 7 40 5 13 1 2 3 2 10 6 4 13 9 81 129 8 98 6 15 .. .. 14 6 3 35 5 5 2 165 222 9 90 7 11 5 4 15 46 4 15 1 138 228 10

2,566 267 607 123\ 117 6 140 59 581 1,932 18 105 5 38 411 90 5,002 7,039 71 259 15 18 4 2 7 2- 56 144 2 8 6 68 25 476 707 1 316 44 75 23 17 31 20 107 241 2 30 1 7 80 13 715 1,095 2 438 39 107 35. 22 26 4 103 318 5 26 16 86 24 958 1,310 3 531 44 171 19 12 23 17 146 432 1 20 4 6 1 46 8 1,082 1,463 4 430 40 92 26 3 38 14 83 330 1 12 1 67 11 784 999 5 592 85 144- 16 61 6 15 2 86 467 7 9 2 54 9 987 1,465 6

1,572 230 432 38 102 59 22 5~4 1,478 26 167 3 105 463 133 4,227 5,548 72 196 16 54 3 3 46 200 6 3 2 23 4 436 575 1 32 2 2 .. -1 3 17 1 1 13 8 88 109 2 119 5 19 6 3 17 38 109 .. 11 5 39 11 295 391 3 274 21 120 17 10 1 5 3 48 197 5 17 5 79 19 587 898 4 254 20 80 16 12 3 126 318 4 35 3 32 1 79 26 741 986 5 127 103 24 2 1 5 5 115 99 2 46 21 89 12 619 699 6 46 3 21 1 29 58 .. 2 3 11 2 164 207 7 57 2 28 3 7 49 101 1 7 1 11 1 188 214 8 23 4 7 1 1 2 3 23 .. 3 1 50 62 9 148 14 37 9 16 5 2 29 95 2 11 3 19 4 279 386 10 19 11 39 7 1 25 119 2 20 22 56 '34 402 509 11 130 10 41 166 21 29 10 4 43 142 4 14 11 378 512 1, 45 PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTRICT

Occupied reaidential houses Literate and Total DjstrictlTalukl Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Worken TownfWard/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX 81. Village/Karal In No. of house- ~ ~ r--"---. ~ No. Forest range acrea houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 .. .5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 . 14 15 16 Midland Villages-contd.

73 Thnppilazhikom 5,731.92 2,964 3,019 17,539 8,799 8,740 1,035 1,012 5,579 4,054 3,920 1,958 I Thrippilazhikom 305 314 2,009 1,012 997 32 34 704 498 386 119 2 Chovallur 100 100 599 310 289 44- 33 199 144- 129 62 3 Idakodam 44-7 449 2,587 1,307 1,280 156 163 874 643 592 310 4 Kadakodu 121 125 651 332 319 34 41 224 162 161 65 5 Placodu 230 239 1,297 642 655 94 100 406 312 310 138 6, Kuzhimathicadu 219 232 1,361 699 662 93 75 469 336 291 148 7 Churula 104 104 625 299 326 14 16 202 183 132 52 8 Illavookonam 195 202 1,139 572 567 97 97 316 226 256 149 9 Karipra 172 172 998 501 497 68 78 335 244- 222 103 10 Madanth"uxle 278 278 1,585 779 806 96 89 549 423 400 201 II Vakanad 532 541 3,153 1,589 1,564 289 269 910 640 703 397 12 Ettuvawde 59 59 374- 180 194 5 7 120 91 79 43 13 Nedumankavu 202 204 1,161 577 584 13 10 271 152 259 171

74- Vehyam 7,482.44- 3,065 3,106 18,058 9,078 8,980 1,193 1,261 .. 4,989 3,651 4,305 1,770 I Muttara 202 208 1,142 576 566 162 178 334 243 284 142 2 Kattayil 270 276 1,485 731 754 108 124 424 329 346 154 3 Kudavattt>or 466 481 2,506 1,285 1,221 253 250 667 442 623 246 4 Padmja,ttinkara 419 421 2,520 1,288 1,232 82 91 662 406 620 239 5 Kottara' 217 222 1,351 696 655 98 103 348 224 291- 121 6 Chepra 176 178 988 495 493 10 4 232 151 245 96 7 Odanavauom 807 809 4,993 2,480 2,513 79 102 1,4-75 1,160 1,138 362 8 Kizhekkekara 396 396 2,386 1,193 1,193 336 349 667 536 587 325 9 Malayil 44 44 243 122 121 16 21 66 59 64 27 10 Kayila 68 71 444- 212 232 49 39 114 101 107 58

75 OmmannoO! 8,508.59 3,305 3,369 19,4-73 9,721 9,752 1,187 1,275 5,156 3,677 4,680 1,531 1 Thudanthala 167 172 1,018 519 499 117 III 223 127 258 126 2 NeIhkunna.m 160 165 1,023 508 515 82 82 334 255 241 50 3 Vilangara 513 521 2,879 1,410 1,469 197 235 802 637 678 295 4 Vilanthur 184- 189 1,134 594 540 17 17 274 188 284 90 5 Neduvancavu 231 233 1,334 655 679 55 56 271 190 321 130 60mmannoor 518 528 2,942 1,44-7 1,495 120 139 804 541 717 226 7 Ambalakara 159 159 960 482 478 8 8 265 227 212 35 8 Valakom 280 287 1,809 897 912 198 224- 413 310 431 172 9 Andoor 231 236 1,389 692 697 105 111 404 292 314- 110 10 Marangattukonam 122 125 600 303 297 14 14 .. 146 82 153 44 11 Polikottu 152 154 853 432 421 34 36 302 233 227 43 12 Melkulangara 91 94 605 313 292 20 22 175 102 145 26 13 Thevannoor 276 281 1,612 804 808 161 163 383 259 378 109 14 VayakaJ 221 225 1,315' 665 650 59 57 360 234 321 75

76 Elamadu 7,418.42 2,199 2,240 12,793 6,378 6,415 822 833 3,680 2,696 3,003 1,198 1 Parankode 304 304 1,655 823 832 167 172 502 375 399 110 2 Nettayam 214 214 1,303 632 671 82 83 412 357 307 94 3 Cheruvakal 227 230 1,418 687 731 108 143 416 346 301 106 4- Vengoor 334 338 2,004- 979 1,025 76 66 644 534 482 163 5 Elamadu 610 639 3,550 1,793 1,757 254 230 998 677 842 507 6 Cheriyav~Unalloor 174 176 951 488 463 26 33 207 102 234 94- 7 ArkannO(lr 336 339 1,912 976 936 109 106 501 305 438 124- Anchal R aoge

46 ABSTRACT DRALA STATE

Workers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and AM cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and ColJlIlluni- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Worken I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X .. . f "\ ,--....._____, , ,....._...... ---. F ~ ~ ~ r== , .. M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

2,163 214 471 45 65 124 43 499 1,551 27 119 58 394 102 4,879 6,782 73 206 15 10 1 6 4 4 69 92 23 10 57 7 626 878 1 76 6 16 1 3 .. 14 S:J 5 3 12 181 227 2 338 30 92 9 17 .. 13 2 53 249 10 5 64 20 715 970 3 137 16 7 3 4 1 3 I 5 41 .. 5 3 171 254 4 221 13 15 1 I 4 1~ 119 .. 9 .. . . 41 5 332 517 5 162 19 30 5 2 2 49 112 4 4 1 15 1 23 10 408 514 6 66 3 12 2 1 1 24 36 13 1 14 10 167 274 7 128 15 51 2 2 2 42 124 2 4 5 20 8 316 418 8 146 17 12 7 .. 27 83 1 3 3 23 3 279 394 9 272 20 38 3 7 9 1 45 168 3 26 9 379 605 10 311 49 123 18 7 27 6 115 303 18 18 5 79 21 886 1,167 11 33 2 29 7 41 " 1 " 9 .. 101 151 12 67 9 36 8 59 28 30 128 I 26 11 21 6 318 413 13

2,306 207 822 255 28 342 57 278 1,150 65 106 15 343 101 4,773 7,210 74 93 9 70 31 2 2 1 33 89 8 76 12 292 424 I 187 20 60 47 4 19 1 38 77 .. 12 26 9 385 600 2 333 29 126 26 4 51 2 55 171 2 6 .. 46 18 662 975 3 277 26 80 16 1 157 27 36 157 16 20 1 32 13 668 993 4 133 10 44 14 9 44 15 24 77 22 3 [ 11 5 405 534 5 166 20 26 17 5 5 3 8 48 2 7 3 23 8 250 397 6 797 58 138 39 2 48 3 37 247 22 25 5 64 15 1,342 2,151 7 239 25 217 54 1 10 5 37 227 1 18 5 59 19 606 868 8 33 3 20 7 " 3 16 5 3 I 58 94 9 48 7 41 4 6 7 46 2 3 I 105 174 10

2,864 206 813, 394 27 127 70 250 730 33 126 3 24 416 126 5,041 8,221 75

123 13 57 15 I 25 20 19 70 " 11 2 2 20 6 261 373 1 149 10 34 3 1 .. 25 36 2 14 4 12 1 267 465 2 362 22 178 97 2 7 59 165 12 9 ., .. 49 [I 732 1,174 3 152 7 75 ~8 2 .. 16 54 .. 17 I 4 18 310 450 4 179 13 90 46 21 15 4 47 I 8 .. 18 9 334 549 5 456 37 133 88 9 10 28 79 3 9 4 75 12 730 1,269 6 149 3 10 2 10 .. 9 24 11 .. 23 6 270 443 7 198 5 97 47 13 1 32 21 18 71 14 5 54 27 466 740 8 202 18 16 3 3 1 26 64 1 9 56 25 378 587 9 108 6 .. 1 11 27 6 27 11 150 253 10 167 17 23 14 1 14 3 5 5 I 3 13 4 205 378 11 [ 106 6 17 8 2 " .. 11 10 6 2 2 168 266 12 282 29 53 21 2 5 1 9 55 .. 5 2 .. 20 3 426 699 13 231 20 30 22 2 10 23 13 4 2 1 29 9 344 575 I4

1,715 353 361 149 74 40> 35 180 397 12 72 31 481 260 3,375 5,217 76 221 23 43 15 11 5 23 27 13 1 82 45 424 722 1 180 19 16 12 11 15 5 24 36 1 5 1 54 22 325 577 2 168 11 23 5 8 2 9 36 2 1 88 54 386 625 3 322 II 54 44 1 9 3 32 97 8 I 55 8 497 862 4 420 186 139 33 27 2 28 25 65 185 4 19 15 125 76 951 1,250 5 133 55 49 23 6 2 11 2 21 5 5 1 8 7 254 369 r; 271 48 37 17 10 7 6 11 7 20 11 69 48 538 812 7

47 PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTRICT

r------

Occupied reaidential howes Uterate and Total DIstrict/TalukJ r---"-----. Total number of Scheduled Sc:heduled educated Worker. TownfWard/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribea persons I-IX SI. Village/Kara/ In No. of house- -" ~ F • \ r . \ ...... No. Fcrest range acre. Ilouses holds Persons Males Females M F 1\1 F M F M F 2 3 .. 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 Midland Villages-contd.

77 Pooyappally 5,505.88 2,283 2,308 13,730 6,827 6,903 809 770 .. 4,182 3,264 3,242 1,486 1 Kottara 381 384 2,197 1,097 1,100 126 130 705 513 515 226 2 Maruthamonpally 384 387 2,308 1,151 1,157 127 119 700 522 568 306 :3 PooyappaUy 471 480 2,988 1,479 1,509 162 142 887 701 726 316 4 Kayila 97 98 512 255 257 43 49 154 134 133 63 5 Mylottu 71 71 345 160 185 14 12 104 102 83 52 6 Nelliparambu lI5 117 645 333 312 43 44 217 161 162 102 7 Kozhikottu 264- 269 1,569 793 776 126 122 515 428 336 148 80yoor i5 45 242 128 114 .. 84 49 64 19 9 Chenkulam 361 363 2,348 1,143 1,205 167 152 679 571 543 238 10 Payakodu 94 94 576 288 288 1 137 83 112 16

78 Vebnallur 6,785.39 2,298 2,312 12,744 6,348 6,396 644 676 .. 2,933 2,006 3,063 1,449 1 Oyoor 199 204 1,143 548 595 14 19 270 206 277 60 2 Kalavayal 183 183 1,072 547 525 20 20 281 157 277 180 3 U gramkunnu 284 284 1,606 770 836 147 164 403 330 398 295 4 Karingannoor 337 338 1,710 835 875 149 162 438 354 405 290 5 Meeyana 209 211 1,191 598 593 90 87 208 115 265 142 6 Nettayari\ III III 594 298 296 I 183 128 155 37 7 Cheruvakkal 142 145 862 449 413 65 78 162 81 215 59 8 Chernkur 147 147 869 448 421 156 88 204 152 9 Neduveli 140 140 776 382 394 99 98 162 112 177 110 10 Cheriyavelinallur 316 318 1,705 856 849 36 33 340 192 394 77 11 Atturkonam 230 231 1,216 617 599 23 15 330 243 296 47

79 Chadayamangaiam 10,145.15 3,598 3,633 20,607 10,155 10,452 1,288 1,320 4,771 3,117 4,628 1,622 1 Poredom 335 338 1,825 880 945 85 109 416 286 418 82 2 Theruvilbhagom 85 87 475 231 244 24 25 77 55 100 32 3 Vellupara 203 204 1,064 511 553 54 60 213 139 236 87 4 Idakkodu 182 186 1,033 499 534 98 95 221 185 221 90 5 Poonkodu 200 201 1,226 618 608 101 108 276 193 290 117 6 Kudavur 51 52 282 147 135 6 8 76 43 65 24 7 Akkonam 137 141 784 383 401 96 83 197 137 170 75 8 Chadayamangalam 456 462 2,635 1,307 1,328 144 142 726 501 613 208 9 Kuriyodu 668 678 3,556 1,753 1,803 177 195 787 471 790 315 10 Kaithakodu 146 147 848 429 419 21 20 209 137 182 63 11 Vellari 212 212 1,344 681 663 89 75 ',' 376 211 302 88 12 Mulayakonam 249 249 1,482 703 779 77 75 328 217 328 141 13 Murukamon 134 134- 744 382 362 61 61 151 58 180 45 14 Nilamel 540 542 3,309 1,631 1,678 255 270 718 48f 733 255 Anchal Range

:80 Kadakkal 12,083.60 4,595 4,631 29,550 14,661 14,889 1,932 1,934 7,570 5,010 6,543 2,258 I Ilapazhannoor 523 526 3,042 1,521 1,521 140 117 ,. 839 6409 661 239 2 Idathara 378 378 2,367 1,174 1,193 165 159 693 487 498 312 3 Kadakkal A 870 881 5,033 2,447 2,586 a54 274 1,3SQ 977 1.132 385 4 Kadakkal B 580 589 3,482 1,753 1,729 268 276 B64 554 791 208 5 Muthayil 208 209 1,207 ' 585 1,585 129 122 257 128 269 138 6 Kadakkal C 469 470 2,767 1,407 1,360 274 ~62 730 4# 633 176 7 Kadakkal D 380 388 4,575 2,306 2,269 364- 382 1,165 789 960 34-7 8 Kummil 757 758 4,530 2,265 2,265 189 199 1,124 567 1,010 298 9 Thachakonam 430 432 2,547 1,203 1,203 149 149 568 415 589 155 Anchal Range

48 ABSTRAm KERALA STATE Workers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu­ Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri. Orchards At House-: other than In Trade Storage and Ai cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X A ,~ ,...... --A---., ~ ,....---J--. r--"--. ,....---J--. ( \ , ,...... --A----, M F M F M F M F M F M .F M F M F M F M F J 7 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

l,tlL6 207 567 124 14 132 32 250 1,049 63 106 30 254 73 3,585 5,417 77 288 31 102 20 14 1 36 160 31 7 1 35 14 582 874 1 302 24 93 II) 42 2 60 259 14 16 7 33 11 583 ,851 2 4M 34 97 13 30 11 53 242 8 22 12 60 16 753 1,193 3 68 11 24 8 ,. 7 5 9 32 I 8 1 15 7 122 194 4- 45 12 14 ~ 1 10 2 3 34- 2 1 7 .. 77 133 5 91 16 19 10 1 16 10 8 60 3 1 23 6 171 210 6 187 34 83 19 3 9 1 24 87 3 8 19 7 457 628 7 30 6 9 .. 3 " Il 12 4- .. 7 1 64 95 9 306 35 120 40 4 4 42 152 4 15 .. 7 41 11 600 967 9 65 4 6 4 11 2 21 1 14- 176 272 10

1,772 601 366 166 101 6 129 60 135 461 43 105 2 31 381 152 3,285 4,947 78 220 19 16 6 .. 1 9 36 .. 6 2 17 5 271 535 1 110 90 25 6 6 1 53 27 10 51 35 14 3 21 5 270 345 2 165 115 9 3 2 22 4- 28 123 1 8 1 162 50 372 541 3 238 127 62 32 1 37 27 11 85 4- 10 5 37 19 430 585 4- 121 18 95 41 13 I .. 14 77 .. 8 1 6 7 5 333 451 5 89 4 10 1 .. 5 2 23 25 1 7 .. 20 5 143 259 6 102 10 51 21 16 1 21 25 2 8 1 .. 14 2 234- 354 7 153 134- 5 1 3 .. 9 21 .. 3 1 19 7 244 269 8 8') 30 41 27 5 2 .. 4- 17 7 1 4 31 33 205 284 9 259 26 42 28 45 2 I 9 8 7 2 29 13 462 772 10 230 28 10 6 4 9 6 5 9 4- 24 8 321 552 11

2,124 485 1,000 641 158 31 69 15 208 85 18 289 9 45 717 355 5,527 8,830 79 253 24 ~2 37 38 6 2 1 16 5 .. 10 1 26 9 462 863 1 42 10 24 4- 3 2 12 6 2 2 .. 13 12 131 212 2 124 37 61 39 4 .. 2 10 6 15 . . I 20 4 275 466 3 131 43 63 34 5 4 .. 6 4- .. 7 . . 2 7 5 278 444- .. 102 34 72, 49 15 12 6 9 3 50 2 4 26 23 328 491 16 .. 5 28 8 4 1 .. 2 .. 3 6 1 2 " 12 6 82 111 ,6 44 9 42 39 18 2 2 1 20 14 .. 10 5 29 10 213 326 7 196 54 63 30 13 1 6 3 43 20 1 55 1 12 224 99 694 1,120 8 304 73 281 ' 156 18 8 14 4- 37 12 4 47 6 79 62 963 1,488 9 116 30 33 23 7 6 2 1 1 3 7 3 6 7 247 356 10 190 28 82 56 7 I I .. .. 1 2 19 3 379 575 11 [93 50 48 72 2 1 18 1 15 1 50 18 375 638 12 96 10 51 31 3 .. 3 1 7 .. . . 9 3 8 3 202 317 13 'Wi 75 92 67 26 ,10 15 ...1 29 2 3 59 6 6 198 94 898 1,423 14

2,891 715 1,474 757 126 32 138 125 392 50 67 2 295 15 III 26 1,049 536 8,118 12,631 80 371 137 151 73 13 1 3 3 28 .. 11 28 1 3 1 53 23 860 1,282 1 171 129 116 113 20 6 24 23 33 3 5 .. 41 3 16 7 72 28 676 881 2 366 86 216 77 14 .. 47 26 107 23 16 1 50 2 33 10 283 160 1,315 2,201 3 442 84 123 60 15 2 10 6 36 3 11 18 1 4 1 132 51 962 1,521 4 91 28 112 49 7 .. 26 55 8 .. 2 8 1 .. 14 6 316 484 5 205 28 246 111 10 11 18 7 52 1 2 .. 25 3 14 1 61 14 774 1,184 6 372 98 138 93 25 6 1 .. 64 12 7 1 68 4 23 :3 262 130 1,346 1,922 7 513 77 208 81 20 2 7 4 33 8 13 47 1 15 3 154 122 1,255 1,967 8 ~60 48 164 100 2 4 2 1 31 10 2 18 2 614 1,189 9

49 106I 4198C PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTRICf

,-----.

Occupied residential houses Literate and Total District/Taluk/ ~ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX SI. Village/Karal in No. of house- ,---.A-----.. ,---.A-----.. ,---.A-----.. ~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F I 2 3 + 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Midland ViJIages..,oncld. 8] Chithara 14,257.17 4,038 4,091 24,233 12,277 11,956 1,883 1,861 108 128 5,814 3,461 5,603 1,558 1 Chithara A 432 436 2,501 1,273 1,228 210 199 673 433 564 183 2 Chithara B 377 382 2,353 1,187 1,166 19O 194 598 385 555 164 3 Chlthara C 331 343 2,024 1,007 1,017 268 280 37 47 422 265 479 198 4 CIllTavoor A 560 573 3,409 1,766 1,643 218 223 .. 670 288 790 221 5 Chiravoor B 267 269 1,612 816 796 103 95 I 364 194 342 125 6 Chrravoor C 355 356 2,165 1.095 1,070 131 131 2 2 573 410 520 86 7 Muthayil A 110 114 732 380 352 52 58 180 74- 168 33 B Muthayil B 230 233 1,369 658 711 77 76 352 272 305 56 9 Muthayil C 130 131 727 368 359 41 33 162 79 178 37 10 Kumil 123 124 790 415 375 38 50 263 156 IBI 47 11 Mathira A 296 298 1,806 924 882 124 115 457 289 449 172 12 Mathira B 547 550 3,137 1,561 1,576 19B 212 750 415 667 131 13 Chiravoor D 237 237 1,422 74O. 682 227 186 338 198 357 77 Anchal Range 43 45 186 87 99 6 9 68 79 12 3 48 28 Palode Range 82 Ittiva 10,846 27 3,481 3,518 20,352 10,156 10,196 1,172 1,113 5,283 3,598 4,532 1,352 I Malaperur 251 251 1,465 736 729 94 94 413 305 317 66 2 Kizhuthont- 341 343 2,031 1,034 997 147 15B 382 200 453 155 3 Ittiva 319 320 1,764 894 870 51 36 385 218 403 64 4 Thekkekottukal 437 438 2,453 1,184 1,269 117 J09 582 433 554 207 5 Vadakkekottukal 302 304 2,163 1,094 1,069 111 84 712 469 488 126 6 Vayala 284 284 1,459 713 746 73 83 420 280 336 108 7 Punnamonela 255 256 1,422 716 706 94 98 426 285 330 105 8 Chareparambj 218 224 1,215 599 616 53 43 316 233 243 78 9 Thudayannur 333 335 1,829 902 927 62 73 523 393 407 109 10 Mannoor 319 322 1,972 984 988 128 123 514 378 429 141 1 I Katampalli 202 212 1,228 623 605 97 79 296 193 271 97 12 Chanapara 220 229 1,351 677 674 145 133 314 211 301 96 Anchal Range

PATHANAPURAM PATHANAPURAM TALUK_ T 304848.25 42769 44423 247737 124649 1230B8 15336 15163 538 545 63738 46016 58287 20032 Highland ViJIages 83 Piravanthur 31,166.94 3,010 3,161 17,951 9,132 8,819 1,276 1,210 7 4- 5,047 3,85.7 4,301 1,243 1 Hillkara 101 102 561 321 240 40 27 168 91 159 13 2 Karvoor 357 373 2,073 1,052 1,021 169 155 631 505 529 99 3 Punnala 1,009 1,044 5,947 3,022 2,925 408 398 1,560 1,173 1,387 397 4 Kizhakkemuri 531 547 3,351 1,663 1,688 189 187 930 773 736 255 5 Elikattur 233 248 1,447 734 713 81 93 459 340 332 89 6 Piravanthur 764 822 4.507 2,299 2,208 380 346 .. 1,285 968 1,136 381 NaduvathumuzhI Range II II 47 30 17 9 4 7 3 7 4 16 6 Pathanapuram Range 4 4 18 II 7 7 3 6 3 84 Edamon 50,309.56 3,452 3,641 18,480 9,485 8,995 1,584 1,514 70 67 4,118 2,563 4,639 1,964 1 Hillkara 33 34 204 H)9 95 23 29 29 20 47 21 2 Malayalam Plantation 1,171 1,203 5,521 2,851 2,670 999 942 809 284 1,406 1,053 3 Challyakkara 249 337 1,597 848 749 171 157 368 200 411 167 4 Cheruthanoor 277 291 1,632 839 793 72 72 468 365 399 166 5 Vellimala 99 99 619 289 330 8 (l 160 152 128 26

50 ABS'mAar KERALA S'fATE Workers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, All Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and AI cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ~ ,..-__.____, ~ ~ ~ r---A--. ~ r-~ ,..--...... __, ,.--~ fit F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 11 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34- 35 36

2,~ 3dl 1,910 822 106 30 91 61 227 26 2J 150 2 22 3 532 233 6,674- 10,398 81 281 59 159 96 13 4- g 35 .. 4 17 2 50 24 709 1,045 1 254- 42 150 64 11 29 26 28 1 I 7 2 73 31 632 1,002 2 196 29 188 148 21 3 3 2 18 7 15 .. .. 31 16 528 IU9 3 270 36 391 159 13 2 6 4- 22 1 5 2,7 I 3 53 18 976 1,422 4- 145 22 149 90 2 .. 1 11 2 17 .. 1 17 10 474 671 5 278 21 131 25 6 5 2 1 17 9 1 4- 73 33 575 984 6 73 8 68 21 .. 11 ...... 16 4 212 319 7 163 19 80 27 I 12 1 2 9 2 36 9 353 655 8 71 15 67 17 1 4- 3 .. ., 6 .. 30 1 190 322 9 92 13 49 30 5 I 8 I 10 I 15 3 234 328 10 262 69 65 48 11 5 1 .. 23 2 ., 8 1 78 48 475 710 11 252 32 259 32 11 2 43 21 25 14 5 21 4 3 47 27 894 1,445 12 159 8 151 51 11 4- .. 17 5 4- 2 13 9 383 605 13 44 8 3 14 1 6 39 71

321 1,097 517 178 31 103 52 162 138 18 III 3 15 2 481 287 5,624- 8,844 82 2,367 ;:e. 202 14- 55 25 37 6 I 11 5 17 9 419 663 1 38 8 .. .. 14 13 2 16 8 41 25 581 842 -2 199 34 135 75 269 21 44 21' 15 .. 4 I J 6 1 .. 14 2 49 15 491 806 3 248 58 127 50 31 11 8 16 16 .. j 18 106 71 630 1,062 4- 292 34 96 35 6 .. 5 .. 40 38 2 4 43 19 606 943 5 159 19 115 65 15 j 10 2 8 10 7 7 15 11 377 638 6 148 13 94 70 13 4 6 3 47 9 I 8 .. 13 6 386 601 7 124- 30 78 30 .. 6 1 5 4 2 " I 27 13 356 538 8 265 50 30 6 1 5 ::I 9 .. ., 5 I .. ., 92 49 495 818 9 201 18 133 54 7 13 2 2 21 5 13 .. 4 1 51 45 555 847 10 III 14 7: 19 10 44 40 14 6 10 I 11 17 352 508 11 149 16 119 67 5 2 I 4 9 1 16 7 376 578 12

TALUK

23,829 4,533 1,1249 5,871 5,130 2,741 1,085 673 4,707 3,344 729 39 2,516 142 1,328 58 7714 2625 66,362 1,03,056 T

2,029 319 949 642 264 12 59 22 246 17 19 125 8 66 21 544 202 4,831 7,576 83 117 1 33 11 2 ' .. .. 2 .. 5 1 162 227 1 252 6 115 67 41 1 4 .. 14 13 2 2 2 88 21 523 922 2 740 93 405 258 37 3 28 14 30 I 35 1 16 96 27 1,635 2,,528 3 337 103 122 102 94- 4 12 4 44 2 11 28 2 7 2 81 36 927 1,433 4 173 13 61 58 13 1 1 28 5 2 10 1 3 41 11 402 624 5 394- 94- 212 146 72 3 14 4- 128 9 6 39 2 38 17 233 106 1,163 1,827 6 11 6 I 4 14 11 5 3 1 5 4 999 244- 619 247 1,587 1,130 33 9 341 66 36 135 9 208 2 681 257 4,846 7,031 84 13 3 3 22 12 1 8 5 62 74 1 2 3 1,059 973 8 3 155 39 18 19 9 136 34 1,445 1,617 2 75 6 78 33 148 87 2 50 4 2 3 53 37 437 582 3 136 58 88 58 61 2 20 1 5 19 70 47 440 627 4 37 6 13 2 39 7 13 4 4- 18 11 161 304 5 51

1061U98C PRIMARY OENSUS QUILON DISTRICT

Occupied residential houses Ltuateand Total District/TalukJ Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Workers Town/Ward/Block} Area No. of penons enumerated Castes Tribes perwns I-IX 8l. Village/Karat in No. of house- , 4 , .. . ~ r-~ No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males FemalCII""" M F l\I F • M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 I) 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 Higbland VilJagee-contd. 6 Edamon 494 !H2 2,995 1,516 1,479 81 66 869 616 735 154- 7 Andoorpach 306 321 1,772 890 882 61 60 368 285 397 61 8 Urukkunnu 325 332 1,765 905 860 117 117 31 35 443 296 %1 136 9 Ottakkal 203 212 1,061 547 514 16 20 280 169 286 104 10 Thenmala 266 270 1,193 623 570 32 40 299 166 331 64- Mannarapara Range 14 15 41 22 19 .. 21 19 1 " 20 11 Pathanapuram Range 7 7 39 23 16 4- 3 18 13 4 2 .') 3 Thenmala Range 8 8 41 23 18 20 8 13 1

85 Arienkavu 38,891.65 1,738 1,787 8.424 4,414 4,010 1,102 1,011 128 113 1,571 852 2,254 1,3-t7 1 Achankovil 87 89 367 199 168 12 9 110 67 110 18 2 HIllkara 484 495 2,230 1,160 1,070 482 452 235 76 585 500 3 Kazhuthayurutty 291 312 1,547 817 730 105 127 279 96 406 252 4 Edapalayam 529 541 2,468 1,286 1,182 442 417 527 328 636 416 .') Arienkavu 294 297 1,569 822 747 61 66 .. .. 419 285 433 95 Arienkavu Range 53 53 243 130 113 128 113 1 84 66 7,357 6,794 1,046 236 86 Kulathupuzha 104,334.45 2,193 2,649 14,151 998 222 3,402 2,191 3,614 1,242 1 Maravanchira 107 119 689 368 321 121 99 149 95 185 72 2 Ezhamkulam 182 198 1,017 536 481 91 95 276 208 276 37 3 Marthandankara 309 343 2,045 1,043 1,002 148 143 499 389 478 141 ... Kulathupuzha 880 1,075 6,016 3,123 2,893 311 306 1,591 979 1,519 348 5 Kandanchira 149 163 866 444 422 132 129 .. 168 112 203 130 6 Chozhiyakkode 207 225 1,353 720 633 179 168 1 393 249 343 163 7 Hillkara 255 418 1,667 879 788 56 51 277 127 487 306 Anchal Range 52 53 232 118 114 5 7 95 95 34- 21 60 20 Thenrnala Range 52 55 266 126 140 126 140 15 11 63 25

87 Yeroor 10,624.00 2,%3 2,497 15,450 7,647 7,803 826 866 109 120 3,986 2,869 3,555 1,238 1 Archal 282 284 1,551 775 782 171 170 450 338 384 190 2 Airanallur 138 142 706 343 363 24 36 134 106 174 88 3 Ayilare 498 502 2,790 1,365 1,425 133 147 730 512 620 207 4 Nettayam 102 102 566 269 297 9 14 164 119 126 4{} 5 Yeroor 760 766 5,997 2,992 3,005 207 194- 2 1,616 1,153 1,363 391 6 Panyan Thrikoyikkal 262 266 1,476 712 764 177 203 343 283 333 140 7 Thumbodu 90 95 614 322 292 45 47 161 93 143 30 8 pazhayeroor 279 283 1,501 754 747 58 52 323 214 342 73 Anchal Range 52 57 243 lIS 128 2 3 107 120, 65 51 70 73

86 Punalur 8,488.00 5,152 5,452 32,245 16,350 15,895 J,334 1,228 .. 9,103 6,836 7,271 1,501 1 Arampunna 781 831 4,612 2,285 2,327 160 175 1,281 1,045 936 265 :2 Punalur Pandinjarekara 1,936 2,041 11,622 5,990 5,632 387 313 3,651 2,777 2,818 546 3 Punalur Kizhakkekara 1,995 2,130 13,409 6,785 6,624 608 579 3,587 2,605 2,938 579 4 Maniyar 439 449 2,596 1,287 1,309 179 161 582 407 577 III Pathanapuram Range 1 I 6 3 3 2 2 2

89 Pidavoor ~,651.64 1,576 1,590 8,554 4,248 +,306 438 467 .. 2,61f 2,071 2,036 692 1 Pudavoor 54-9 550 3,093 1,545 1,548 ]35 123 983 816 755 196 2 Aruvithara 20 20 112 54 58 11 12 38 34 29 4 3 Kamukancheri Vadakktl 379 380 1,970 983 987 74 B5 613 459 463 163 4 Elikattur 112 114- 004 334 330 28 35 213 176 149 37 5 Kamukancheri Thekku 319 325 1,672 829 843 119 127 481 361 399 184 6 Naduvannoor 197 201 1,043 503 540 71 85 286 225 241 108 52 ABSTRACT KERALA STATE

__Workers .J.-_. __ , ""'\ In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade - Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con· and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Induatry InclUlltry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X . ""'_.A--, ~ ~ ~ r--~ r--~ r ~ ~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F"" M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

168 19 169 61 117 4 4 1 32 3 38 5 37 167 62 781 1,325 6 168 12 58 7 44- 3 1 9 1 8 2 4 102 38 493 821 7 193 43 131 71 29 9 9 1 23 6 1 6 1 64- 10 +44- 724 8 157 75 52 13 8 1 4 1 20 8 1 6 19 19 6 261 . 410 9 29 7 27 1 45 35 3 2 18 12 9

310 26 110 40 1,178 1,179 16 175 21 .3 62 5 57 303 75 2,160 2,663 85 33 15 25 13 4 5 28 3 89 150 1 1 467 484 2 54 9 17 13 4 27 7 575 570 2 3 209 205 3 1 36 3 10 27 4 18 100 39 411 478 3 69 8 31 3 342 378 7 76 7 10 9 17 75 20 650 766 4 205 17 63 36 51 .33 9 2 6 8 1 18 73 6 389 652 5 84 66 46 47

1,357 210 947 592 391 255 57 24- 186 36 27 107 4- 93 4- 449 117 3,743 5,552 86 73 3 93 68 8 2 2 2 5 183 249 1 197 2 66 35 1 1 3 I 7 260 +44- 2 208 16 164 112 7 7 .. 27 2 2 13 1 4 46 10 565 861 4- 484 70 332 169 85 3 34 2 89 8 16 74 3 77 4 328 89 1,604 2,545 4 75 30 98 83 .. 12 10 3 2 1 4 10 5 241 292 5 153 51 148 105 4 16 4 5 2 2 13 3 377 470 6 59 8 40 16 282 252 1 4 48 20 11 7 39 6 392 482 7 53 13 3 2 2 3 2 2 58 !}+ 55 17 3 2 3 5 1 1 1 63 115

1,771 444- 860 456 282 23 55 45 151 144 17 96 5 25 3 298 1I8 4,092 6,565 87 239 71 81 55 17 3 7 16 48 2 7 .. 19 8 391 592 1 76 10 [7 76 3 2 2 I .. 1 4 169 275 2 312 65 163 107 25 2 8 6 47 7 II 16 1 2 1 36 18 745 1,218 3 97 12 6 5 3 1 1 6 19 3 10 9 143 251 4 668 174 321 77 62 39 24 51 60 3 53 1 19 1 147 54 1,629 2,614 5 130 22 123 94 40 5 1 4 12 10 1 5 2 19 5 379 624 6 60 7 38 18 8 7 4 .. 26 5 179 262 7 125 1I 39 23 123 16 1 1 12 7 3 1 34 19 412 674 8 64 72 2 1 I 3 45 55

1,388 221 647 229 485 48 181 107 1,296 168 152 12 761 47 427 6 1,934 663 9,079 14,394 88 202 50 65 42 13 2 6 11 293 63 26 4- 85 16 63 183 77 1,349 2,062 1 312 54 102 21 86 5 77 39 627 83 80 7 431 19 236 3 867 305 3,172 5,086 2 667 72 313 126 332 38 87 51 331 13 43 1 227 10 119 3 819 265 3,847 6,045 3 207 35 167 40 52 3 1I 6 45 9 3 18 2 9 65 16 710 1,198 4 2 I 3

1,254- 313 302 202 50 37 17 180 107 2 23 2 28 160 51 2,212 3,614 89 466 97 114 49 29 19 9 32 25 9 19 67 16 790 1,352 1 23 3 4 .. 2 I 25 54 2 335 105 47 44- 6 4 2 38 2 5 2 26 10 520 824 3 80 13 15 16 1 33 4 2 1 17 4 185 293 4 245 76 67 59 3 4 2 53 32 2 5 1 19 15 430 659 5 105 19 59 34 7 10 4 24 44 2 2 5 29 5 262 432 I) 53 106141980 PRIMARY CENSUS QlJILON DISTRICT

,------

Occupied residential houses Literate and Total District/Taluk/ ~ Total number of l!Icheduled Scheduled educated Workers Town/Ward/Block/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX 81. VIllage/Karat in No. of house- ,.----A---, ~ ,------.A-----. ,,---J'----. No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Highland Vlllag_collCld.

90 Karavalloor 5,902.26 2,559 2,604 14,457 7,129 7,328 890 923 3,325 2,475 3,252 1,086 1 Venchempu 931 940 5,151 2,531 2,6201 403 425 1,022 739 1,175 469 2 Mathra 810 825 4,576 2,238 2,338 204 232 1,032 822 995 342 3 Karavalloor 818 839 4,730 2,360 2,370 283 266 1,271 914 1,082 275

91 Ancha~ 6,041.34 2,687 2,762 15,676 7,798 7,878 823 854 3,823 2,830 3,531 1,363 1 Eram 496 508 2,883 1,403 1,480 185 183 639 475 664 258 2 Cheranadu 135 136 774 366 408 90 101 167 115 179 83 3 Vadaman 289 292 1,65>1: 828 826 62 70 416 303 386 89 4 Panayanachery 320 330 1,820 903 917 71 83 453 305 392 136 5 Agasthyacode 888 912 5,099 2,554 2,545 221 214 1,342 1,071 1,147 485 6 Thazhamel 559 584 3,446 1,744- 1,702 194 203 806 561 763 312

92 Alayamon 9,327.00 1,924 1,941 11,630 5,852 5,778 667 630 2 4 2,928 2,256 2,635 819 1 Alayamon 778 791 4,715 2,332 2,383 233 228 1,259 950 1,073 371 2 Moongode 1,140 1,144 6,889 3,508 3,381 424 392 .. 1,665 1,304 1,553 442 Anchal Range 6 6 26 12 14 10 10 2 4 4 2 9 6 Midland Villages

93 Pathanapuram 5,843.67 2,296 2,366 13,181 6,564 '),617 603 636 3,473 2,455 3,017 865 1 ldathra 264 269 1,360 688 672 4 6 444- 271 ·324 43 2 Pathirlcal 990 1,006 5,691 2,813 2,878 300 328 1,405 1,042 1,270 379 3 Nadukunnu 403 423 2,340 1,163 1,177 44- 48 654 464 530 113 4 Manjallur 502 530 2,937 1,483 1,454 237 234 834 610 699 283 5 Kundayam 133 133 823 399 424 16 16 126 63 186 47 Pathanapuram Range 4 5 30 HI 12 2 4 10 5 8

94 Pattazhi 9,814.05 4,306 4,354 23,602 11,741 11,861 1,653 1,680 6,313 4,706 5,609 2,027 1 Thazhathu Vadakku 634 635 3,450 1,740 1,710 202 201 997 728 838 252 2 Maruthamanbhagom 149 149 741 379 362 47 50 186 127 196 108 3 Nadutheri 120 125 613 283 330 25 32 162 IIO 137 47 4 Thekketheri 414 422 2,201 1,107 1,094 220 192 509 362 554 267 5 Kannimel 449 455 2,451 1,195 1,256 223 245 618 440 583 193 6 Erathu Vadakku 663 675 3,561 1,776 1,785 267 265 944 676 889 235 7 Meenam 355 359 1,770 877 893 199 217 438 336 431 255 8 Maloor 408 412 2,202 1,088 1,114 179 173 '653 521 530 205 9 Panthaplavu 426 426 2,404 1,177 1,227 III 131 776 627 524 260 10 Kundayam 688 696 4,209 2,119 2,090 180 174 1,030 779 927 205

95 Thalavoor 5,585.83 2,566 2,615 14,187 7,0:014 7,163 990 1,049 3,990 3,046 3,391 1,499 1 Pandlthitta 475 4B7 2,616 1,314 1,302 24;8 242 788 665 637 217 2 Kura 351 360 1,855 910 945 159 178 377 246 454 258 3 Vadakode 336 344 1,893 915 978 130 150 496 345 438 286 4 Njarakkadu 368 375 2,001 965 1,036 133 152 595 485 496 203 5 Nadutheri 428 433 2,390 1,180 1,210 108 113 747 611 532 217 6 Manjakkala 608 616 3,432 1,74~ 1,692 212 214 987 694 834 318

96 Vtlakkudi 5,296.18 3,112 3,206 18,032 9,080 8,952 861 850 4,588 3,082 4,045 1,518 1 Karyara 915 943 5,240 2,654 2,586 171 202 1,234 791 1,128 436 2 Vtlakkudi 474 487 2,711 1,38Q 1,322 178 175 649 421 629 269 3 Kunmkkode 426 446 2,450 1,24 Q 1,201 91 90 726 421 582 213 4 Avaniswar III 382 393 2,265 1,140 1,125 IS\) 142 545 341 508 249 5 Ilambal Ql'i 937 5366 2,648 2,718 251) 241 1,434 1,108 1,198 35l

54 ABSTRACT KERALA STATE ElWorkers

In Mining, Quarrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu­ Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri­ Orchards At House­ other than In Trade Storage and cultural and allied hold As Household In Con­ and Communi- In Other Non­ Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ,--A---, ,--~ ,....-Jo---, ,....-Jo---, ,....-Jo---, ,....-Jo---, ~, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

1,353 295 886 487 184 42, 84 64 178 10 51 3 105 12 38 2 373 171 3,877 6,242 90 517 112 333 227 75 29 39 55 60 5 9 34 1 9 99 40 1,356 2,151 1 374 102 284 140 32 4 17 .. 69 3 22 3 48 9 17 1 132 80 1,243 1,996 2 462 81 269 120 77 9 28 9 49 2 20 23 2 12 1 142 51 1,278 2,095 3 1,590 229 773 252 87 10 64 65 283 623 57 167 4 45 4 465 176 4,267 6,515 91 346 28 176 85 13 10 9 33 124 11 24 2 49 12 739 90 7 59 33 3 1,222 I 5 13 6 20 6 1 1 9 9 187 325 2 211 17 59 11 23 1 3 .. 26 28 2 10 2 7 3 45 27 442 147 33 105 9 1 3 737 3 2 1 35 72 23 7 1 7 1 63 18 511 781 41 573 121 236 82 33 8 24 13 86 201 13 39 10 133 223 23 138 32 13 19 60 1,407 2,060 5 29 97 178 8 81 18 166 50 981 1,390 6 1,250 150 698 407 119 21 84 58 104 103 39 108 22 211 79 3,217 4,959 92 492 100 248 128 29 7 37 21 62 85 23 57 16 109 30 1,259 2,012 1 753 47 446 276 90 14 47 37 42 18 16 51 6 102 '} 3 4 3 49 1,955 2,939 2 3 8

181 737 355 1,156 170 9 64 65 169 33 19 199 22 72 9 431 191 3,547 5,752 93 167 22 115 3 6 1 1 1 6 2 12 2 2 15 12 364 629 1 537 88 396 211 92 2 25 8 51 2 4 50 7 14 101 61 1,543 178 25 74 20 41 4 11 2,499 2 19 42 4 40 2 21 2 119 41 633 1,064 3 172 37 135 118 22 2 25 31 58 17 10 84 11 31 2 162 65 784 96 9 17 3 7 1,171 4 2 6 12 12 1 13 2 4 3 34 12 213 377 5 6 2 10 12 3,433 916 971 687 135 90 56 293 205 36 204 8 43 2 404 152 6,132 9,834 94 555 74 138 91 11 12 47 74 9 19 7 40 138 67 .. 13 902 1,458 1 1~ 6 3 9 6 4 16 1 3 1 22 12 183 254 2 69 15 17'. 16 4 3 5 7 10 2 25 II 146 359 104 119 99 10 283 3 6 6 20 52 .. 5 4 31 6 553 827 4 289 50 119 90 15 12 4 37 22 11 26 4 70 612 613 ll8 104 67 25 27 1,063 5 19 16 43 22 4 21 4 56 12 887 1,550 6 284 162 95 82 11 1 4 20 5 3 .. 15 4 446 345 122 86 68 8 638 7 12 5 20 .. .. 23 5 31 10 558 909 8 312 128 111 98 19 8 7 20 6 1 15 .. 1 .. 37 21 653 469 76 166 70 29 11 967 9 8 79 8 3 77 5 16 1 77 36 l,l92 1,885 10 1,748 286 952 469 21 . 59 9 209 675 38 61 47 256 57 3,633 5,664 95 216 21 316 120 3 9 17 61 1 14 1 60 15 677 219 24 117 67 7 1,035 1 5 57 160 1 7 14 27 7 456 687 2 253 71 104 52 2 13 3 32 157 1 14 3 16 3 477 275 23 99 45 1 15 692 3 .. .. 28 125 26 10 3 39 10 469 833 4 335 108 107 71 6 1 5 1 28 27 2 5 6 38 7 648 450 39 209 114 2 12 5 993 5 47 145 7 11 20 76 15 906 1,374 6 1,505 399 673 399 75 57 36 617 468 103 23 171 9 103 2 741 181 5,035 7,434 96 444 256 144 55 16 12 3 288 77 31 20 41 26 2 126 21 1,526 2,150 1 252 27 81 32 6 2 3 74 131 5 19 13 177 76 760 203 18 89 40 3 15 1 1,053 2 51 113 2 25 37 157 41 667 988 3 170 29 85 80 10 5 3 57 114 7 35 4 13 126 19 632 436 69 274 192 40 23 876 4 26 147 33 58 3 51 4 14 155 24 1,450 2,367 5 55 l06I4:198C PRIMARY CENSUS QUILON DISTBIcr

Occupied residential houses Literate and Total D..strict/Talukj r-----'----. Total number of Scheduled Scheduled educated Workers Town/WardJB1ock/ Area No. of persons enumerated Castes Tribes persons I-IX Sl. Village/Kara/ in No. of house- ,--.J---.. ~ ,..--J'---.. No. Forest range acres houses holds Persons Males Females M F M F M F M F 2 3 4- 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Midland VUlages-coneld. i}7 AraldW 4,4()1.77 1,678 1,686 9,474 4,691 4,783 628 600 2,258 1,603 2,259 690 1 Podiyattuvila 218 220 1,300 669 631 105 98 332 215 299 116 2 Kokkad 121 122 608 319 289 44 37 111 55 149 38 3 Thadikkad 247 247 1,377 650 727 29 29 239 166 322 32 4 Malamel 72 72 405 183 222 4 2 119 III 84 32 5 Perumannur 258 260 1,442 791 741 99 115 437 334 350 103 6 Valakam 79 79 513 253 260 29 30 141 92 120 30 7 Pullamcode 338 339 1,898 94() 958 139 137 4()0 304 475 193 8 Arakkal lIO 1ll 581 278 303 70 58 125 95 141 49 9 Thevarthottam 152 153 851 445 4()6 66 45 235 144 207 51 10 Mathurappa 83 83 499 253 246 43 49 1I9 87 1I2 46

98 Edamulackal 5,169. II 2,057 2,112 12,243 6,137 6,106 615 587 3,199 2,324 2,878 938 1 Vayeyithal 123 127 691 356 335 15 19 134 65 180 33 2 Kambakode 78 85 506 250 256 24 27 139 104 123 28 3 Ayoor 398 416 2,513 1,273 1,240 106 98 764 585 609 169 4- Perungullur 461 469 2,901 1,441 1,460 61 48 752 571 666 110 5 Mathirappa 97 100 539 259 280 58 65 136 103 130 60 6 Edamulakkal, 582 588 3,190 1,602 1,58a 227 216 735 496 741 332 7 PadinjattumHra 160 164 903 468 435 99 90 229 129 21I 125 8 Chempakaramanellur 158 163 1,000 488 512 25 24 310 271 218 81

56 ABSTRAOI' KEBALA STATE

Workers

In Mining, Qparrying, Live-stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and In Manu- Plantations, facturing In Transport, As Agri- Orchards At House- other than In Trade Storage and As cultural and allied hold Household In Con- and Communi- In Other Non- Cultivator Labourer activities Industry Industry struction Commerce cations Services Workers I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X ,--....______,..-----A------~ ~ ~ ,-----"-----; ..-----'---I ,...... ,---A--~ M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

1,285 178 459 201 38 96 69 110 187 22 64 12 173 53 2,432 4,093 97 134 49 100 39 . 7 13 4 17 19 6 5 1 16 5 370 515 1 59 13 42 22, 19 8 2 1 18 3 170 251 2 198 12 71 4 2 2 3 .. 14 1 3 32 12 328 695 3 60 19 13 8 .. .. 1 3 1 2 7 2 99 190 4 222 20 63 38, 1 2 22 40 3 9 1 27 5 351 638 5 90 7 10 5 5 4 2 10 2 3 " 8 4 133 230 6 229 41 82 21 3 67 51 27 69 9 19 5 1 34 10 465 765 7 78 4 37 19 3 .. 10 19 .. 2 11 7 137 234 8 133 5 27 31 2 6 10 20 3 1 5 1 12 2 238 355 9 82 8 14 14 4 1 21 3 8 3 141 200 10 1,401 122 666 212 64 9 49 26 169 481 68 128 5 42 291 82 3,259 5,168 98 78 5 50 7 10 3 3 2 6 15 23 4 6 1 176 302 1 63 3 28 6 3 .. 5 17 8 5 1 11 1 12 7 228 2 263 29 84 23 13 1 9 3 62 77 12 29 3 26 1 III 32 664 1,071 3 434 21 93 26 18 4 9 8 16 37 14 20 5 57 14 775 1,350 4 65 4 45 25 8 1 5 30 2 1 1 2 1 129 220 5 288 39 264 96 10 1 14 2 47 172 9 42 7 60 22 861 1,256 6 98 15 60 29 1 10 10 12 64 12 1 2 16 6 257 310 7 112 6 42 1 3 1 16 69 15 1 28 5 270 431 8

57

(li) AMENITIES

1 Educational and reading facilities 2 Medical facilities 3 Drinking water facihtle!!1 4 Communication and Transport facilities

5 Electrmca tion facilities 6 Miscellaneous

AMENITIES

I EDUCATIONAL AND READING FACIUTIES

P for Primary School M for Middle School H for High School C for Higher Institutions including Colleges T for Technical, Institutions TTS for Teachers Training School L for Library RR for Reading Room CRS for Community Radio Set

Pathanamthitta Taluk Pramadam village:-Pramadam kara P4,MI,Hl, Rural:- Vettoor kara PI; Elakolloor kara P3,Ml; Kottayam, Angadi viUage:-Angadi kara P7,Hl,Ml,RRl, kara P2,HI,L3. Konni village:-Mangaram kara P2, CRSl; Pullupuram kara HI,PI,RRl,CRSl; Vaavoor Ml. Iravon village:-Konnithazham kara PI,MI kara PI,MI,RRI. Pazhavangadi viIlage:-Pazha­ RRl; !raven kara PI,M}' vangadi kara P7,M3,H2,T2,RR2,CRS2; Karikulam kara PI,CRSl; Iythala kara P2,RRl. Chethekkal Kunnathur Taluk village-Chethekkal kara P4,Ml,Hl,RRl,Ll,CRSl; Rural:- Kunnam kara P2,MI,HI,RRI,LI. Perunadu village:­ Peringanad village:-Pazhakulam East kata RRI; Kakkadu kara MI,RRI; Perunadu kara P2,Ml,Hl, Melood kara PI; Ammakanda kara PI,MI,HI,TI; T I ,RR2, CRS 1. Vadasserikara village :-Cherukulanji Karuvatta kara PI,LI,RRI; Pothady kara PI; Munda­ kara PI,MI; Kumaramperoor North kara P7; Kumara­ pally kara PI,MI; Thekkummuri kara RRI. Adoor mperoor South kara P2,MI; Edakulam kara Ml,Hl; village :-Pannivizha kara P2,Ml,LI; Konnamankara Vadasserikara MI,HI,CRS2,L2,RR2. Ranni village:­ Ml; Munnalam kara PI; Kannamkodu kara PI ,LI ; Thottamon kara HI; Vaikom kara P4,Ml ;Puthusseri­ Parakode kara P3,MI,HI. Erath village:-Kottana­ mala kara PI,MI; Mekkozhoor kara P2,MI. Cheru­ Hoor kara PI; Thuvayoor North kara PI; Choorakode kole village:-Cherukole kara P2,MI,RRI; Kattoor kara PI,MI ,RRI; Erath kara P2,HI,M2,RR2; Voyala kara HI,CRSI; Vayalathala kara P2,MI,RRl; Keeko­ kara PI,RRI; Puthusseribhagam kara PI. Pallickal zhoor kara P2,MI,R,RI. Mallapuzhasseri village:­ village:-Pallickal kara PI,MI; Thottuva kara PI; Keezhukara PI,RRI; Mclukara PI; Kozhencherry Pazhakulam west kara PI; Thengamom kara PI,Ml kara P3,MI,H2,Cl,RRI; Vanchitra kara PI; MalIa­ Sooranad North village:-Anayadi kara PI,LI; Nadu­ puzhasseri kara PI,MI,RRI; Onthekadu kara PI, vile muri kara PI,Ll; Idappanayam kara PI; RRI; Karthaviam kara RRI; Karamveli kara PI, Padinjattum-Kizhakkum kara PI,Hl. Sooranad MI,HI; Punnakkadu kara PI; Kuzhikala kara PI,HI, South village :-Eravichira-Naduvil kara P2,L I; Kida­ RRI. Elanthoor village:-Elanthoor Pariyaram kara ngayan North kara PI; Kidangayan Naduvil P2,Ml,RRl; Blanthoor Mekku kara P3,MI,RR2; kara PI,RRl; Thrikunnapuzha South kara PI, Elanthoor Kizhakku kara P2. Chennerkara village:­ RRI; Thrikunnapuzha North kara RRl; Inchakkad Muttathuk('nam kara M3,L2; Chennerkara P3, HI, kara PI. Poruvazhi village:-Vadakkekara RRI; Tl,Ll,RRl; Prakapam kara P3,M2,LI,RR3; Thom­ Naduvilekara PI; Kampladi kara PI,RRI; Ambalathu­ pamon-Eram kara 'PI,L2. Omalloor village:-Chek­ bhagom kara MI,RRI. Sastham cotta village:­ kanal kara PI; Puthenpeedika kara PI; Manjinikara Manakkara Pl,MI,HI,RR2; Pallisserikkal kara PI; P2,RRl; Panniali kara PI; Attarigham kara PI; Peruvelikkara PI; Muthupilakkad west kara P2,RRI; Vazhamuttam kara PI. Naranganam village:-Nara­ Karinthottuva kara Pl. West Kallada village:­ nganam kara P3,M2,RRl,Ll,CRSI; Kadamanitta kara Kanatharkunnam kara P2; Kothapuram kara PI; PI ,HI ,RRI. Pathanamthitta village:-Vettipram Ayithottuva south kara RRI. Valiapadam kara PI, kara PI; Mylapra kara P4,Hr,TI; Kumbazha kara CRSI; KoyikkaIbhagom RRI; Naduvilekkara Ml. PI,TI,RRI; Kulasekharapathi kara PI; Valanchoozhi Kunnathur village:-Kunnathur west kara PI,Ll; kara MI; Azhoor kara PI; Chittoor kara MI,Hl. Thuruthikkara PI,MI,LI; Kunnathur East kara P2, Malayalapuzha village:-Malayalapuzha Thazham RRI; Kunnathur Naduvil kara PI; Manampuzha kara kara MI,RRI; Malayalapuzha Eram kara P5,RRI; PI,MI,LI; Iverkala Padinjattekara Theku kara PI, Malayalapuzha Edanadu kara P2; Malayalapuzha Ll,RRI; Iverkala Padinjattekara Vadaku kara PI; Nalloor kara PI. Konnithazham village:-Vettoor Iverkala Padinjattekara-Naduvil kara P2,LI; Iverkala kara P2,RRI; Konnithazham kara P2,M2,HI. Valli­ Kizhakkekara-Thekku kara PI,MI,LI. Kadampanad code village:-Nariapuram kara P2; Vayala North village:-Kadampanad North kara P2,H2,TI,L2; kara PI,RRI; Kaipattoor kara P3,HI,RRl; Vallicode Thuvayoor South kara P3,Ml,T2,LI; Mannadikalakku bra Pl,RRl; Vazhamuttam kara PI,MI,RRI. Padinjaru kara PI; Mannadi Padinjaru-Thazhathu

61 AMENlTIES kara PI; Mannadi padinjaru kizhakku kara PI,LI; bhagom kara P2,L2. Thevalakara village :-Padinja­ Mannadikizhak Naduvilkara TI,LI,RRI; Memannadi ttakara Pl,LI,RRl; Palakal kara P2,LI,RRI; Koivila kara PI,M3, T RR2. Ezhamkulam village:-Ezham­ North kara P2,Ml,LI,RRI; Mottakkal kara Pl' kulam kara P2,RR2,L2; Puramp kara RRI,LI; Nedu­ Arinalloor kara P2,LI,RRI; Naduvila kara LI,RRI: mon kara PI,MI; Arukalikkal west kara PI,LI,RRI; Mynagarally viIlage:-Vadakkan Mynagapally kara Kadika kara PI; Enath kara P2, RRI, LI; Elanga­ PI,MI; Thekkan Mynagapally kara P2,MI; Kada­ mangalam kara P3. Kodumon village:-Edathitta ppakara P2,Ll,RRI, CRS}; Kizhakakara P2,LI,RRI kara P2; Aykkad kara PI,LI; Kodumon kara PI,MI, CRSI; Kovoor kara P2,M2,HI. Venga kara PI,MI' CRSl,RRl. Angadickal village:-Chandanapally HI. ' kara PI,RRI; Angadickal-Vadakke kara P2,MI,CRSI, RRI; Angadickal Thekke kara PI,Ml,RRI. Koodal Quilon Taluk village:-Koodal kara P6,Ml,RRl; Kalanjoor kara Rural:- P2,M2,HI,RRl,CRSl. Enadimangalam village:­ Munro Island village :-Perumgalam kara PI; Poothankara Pl,Tl; Mangad kara PI; Elamanoor Kantrankani kara PI,LI,RRI; Nenmani kara MI; kara Pl,MI,RRI, CRSl; Kunnada kara PI,RRI; Vellimangalam kara PI. East Kallada village:­ Kurumpa kara Ml,RRl; Maroor kara Pl,MI,RRl. Thazhathu kara LI; Koduvila kara P2, Ll; Koyikkay kara Ll; Uppukudu kara PI; Karunagapally Taluk Thekke kara P3, T3,MI,HI,LI. Mulavana village:­ Rural:- Perayan kara P4,MI,HI,L2; Mulavana kara Perunad vilIage:-Prayar Thekku kara P2; P3,Ml,Hl, L2. Kottam.kara viIlage:-Peroor kara Klappana Vadakku kara P3,RRl; Perumathazha kara P3,HI,RRl; Kottanakara PI, MI; Punukannur kara PI; Paikuzhi kara Ml,RRl; Valiakulangara kara PI; Pl,Ml,RR2; Perumpuzha kara Ll,CRSl. Perinad Changankulangara kara PI,L I ,RRI. Krishnapuram village:-Perumon kara PI,Ml; Chittayam kara PI, village:-Memana kara PI; Njakanal k.na PI,MI; MI; Panayam kara PI; Kanadachira kara PI; Pampali Kotampalli kara PI; Matathikaranma kara PI. Tha­ kara PI; Kuzhiyam kara P2,LI,RRI, CRSI. Chem­ zhava village:-Vadakkvm Mud Mekku kara PI, makadu kara Pl,Ml,RRl,CRSl; Cherumoodu kara MI; Kadathoor kara PI; Thekkum Muri Padeeta kara PI,RRl,CRSl; Idavattom kara PI. Thrikkaruva HI; Thekkum Muri Kizhakku kara RRI, CRSl; village:-Ashtamudi kara RRI; Vadakke kara Vadakkum Muri Kizhakkukara PI; Manapalli Thekku Pl,RRI; Inchavila kara P2,Ml,RRl; Naduvilachery kara PI; Manappali Vadakku kara Ml,RRl; Pavumba kara RRI; Prakulam kara P2,HI,RR2; Thekkechery Vadakku kara RRI; Pavumba Thekku kara MI. kara MI,RRI; Njarakkal kara PI,Ml,RRl. Thri­ Thodiyoor village:-Thodiyoor kara PI; Vengara kadavoor village:-Murunthal kara PI,Ml,LI,RRl, kara P2; l'uliyoorvanchi Thekku kara PI; Muzh<:r.godi CRS2. Njarakkal kara Tl,LI,RRl; Kottakkakam kara kara P2,Ll,RRI,CRSI; Kallelibhagom kara PI,M2, Pl,LI,RRl; Kadavoor kara LI,RRI; Neeravi kara LI,RRl,CRSI. Kulasekharapuram village :-Kuzhi­ Hl,L2,RR2, CRSI; Kurepuzha kara MI,L2,RR2; thura kara Pl,MI,Ll,RRI,CRSI; Alappadu kara PI; Mathilil kara Pl,Ml,Ll,RR2. Quilon village:­ Athinad Thekku kara P2,Ml; Athinad Vadakku kara Sakthikulangara kara PI,MI,Hl, LI,RRI. Meena­ Pl,RRl; Kottakkupuram kara Pl,RRl; Kadathoor thuchery kara P2,Ll,RRI; Kannimel kara P2,T2, kara P2; Punnakulam kara Pl,M!. Karunagapally Ll,RRI; Kureepuzha kara MI,CRSl, L2,RRI; village:-Cheriazheekal kara PI,HI,LI,RRl,CRSl; Asramom kara MI,L2; Uliakovil kara PI, LI,RRI. Pandarathuruthu kara Pl,Ll,RRl,CRSl; Vellanathu­ Vadakkevila village :-Pattathanam kara P2,Ll,CRSI; ruthu kara LI,RRI; Kozhikkodu Kizhakku kara Vadakkevila kara L2, CRSl; Ayathil Cherry Pl,Ll,RRI; Kozhikkodu Mekku kara Pl,Ml,Ll,RRl; kara MI,LI; Manakkattucherry kara PI; Panthala­ Maruthoorkulangara Thekku kara Pl,MI; Nambaru­ thazham kara L 1. Eravipur()m village:-Thekkevila vikaia kara PI; Padanayarkulangara Vadakku kara kara P2,LI,RRI; Panthrand\.Immuri kara PI; Vala­ P2,M2,HI; Padan'ayarkulangara Thekku kara P2, thungal cherry kara MI,Ll, RRI; Tazham kara PI, LI,RRl, CRS2; Ayanivelikulangara Vadakku kara RRI; Vadakkumcherry kara PI,MI; Mayyanadu PI; AyaniveIikuIangara Thekku kara PI. Panmana Cherry kara HI,LI,RRI; Thekkumbhagom kara PI, village:-Kollaka kara PI; Vadakkumthala Kizhakku RRI. Thrikkovilvattom village:-Thattar konam kara kara Pl,Ml,LI,RRI,CRSl; Vadakkumthala Mekku RRI; Cheriyelah kara P2; Naduvilakkara RRl; kara P2; P?nmana kara PI,Ml; Chittoor kara PI, Cherikonam kara RRI; Thrikkovilvattom kara CRSI; LI,CRSI; Midappally kara RRI, CRSI; Manayil Kurumanna kara PI,MI; Kannanalloor kara P2; kara PI; Kumalathrabhagom kara HI; Mekkad kara Perayamkara PI. Nedumpana village:-Pazhangalam HI; Chola kara PI,RRI. Chavara village:-Kovil­ kara P2,Ll,RRI; Nallilakara Pl,LI,RRl,CRSI; Nedu­ thottam kara PI; Cherusseribhagom kara PI,MI; mbanakal kara P2,MI,L2,RR2,CRSI; Muttakkavu Karithura kara PI; Chavara kara PI; Kulangara­ kara PI,MI,Tl,CRSI; Kundumon kara MI; Pallimon bhagom kara Ml,Ll,RRl; Puthucaud kara PI, kara PI,HI; Elavoor kara PI; Miyynnoor kara PI. KottakakoIil kara RRl; Madapally kara PI; Mukun..: Adichanalloor village:-ThazhuthaIa cherry kara PI, dapuram kara PI; Menampally kara PI, RRI. The-' MI,HI,TI,LI,RRI; MyIakattu cherry kara LI,RRI; kkumbhagom village:-Neendakara P4,Ml,Ll,RRl; Plakkattu cherry kara LI,RRl; Adichanalloor cherry Vadakkumbhagom kara PI,LI,RRI; Malibhagom kara kara LI,RRI; Kaythakuzhy cherry kara LI, RRI. PI,Ml,Ll; Naduvathucherry kara HI,RRI ; Thekkum- Mayyanadu viIIagei-Valatbungal cherry kara Lt, RRI 62 EDUCATIONAL AND READING FACILITIES

Pinackal cherry kara PI,CRSI; Vadakkumkara LI, Kottarakara village:-Avanoor kara PI; Kizhakke­ RRI; Kizhakkecherry kara PI; Naduvilakkara cherry kkara P2,M2,H2,LI,RRI, CRSI; Pazhavatheruvu kara LI, RRI, Ayiramthengu cherry kara RRI; kara P3,MI; Thrikkannamangal kara P3,HI j Ambala­ Thekkumkara cherry kara P2,L2,RR2, CRSI; Mayya­ puram kara PI,RRI; Nellikunnam kara PI,RR!. nadu cherry kara P4,MI,HI,TI,L3,RR5,CRS3. Para­ Neduvathoor viIlage:-Thekkumpuram kara PI,CRSI; voor village:-Kurumandal kara P2,Tl,Ll; Koonayil Thevalapuram kara P2,MI,LI; Kottathaia kara MI; karaP2,LI; Kottapuram kara H2,LI,CRSI; Kongal Vallom kara PI; Anakottoor kara PI,RRI; Neduva­ kara MI; Thekkumbhagom kara Ml. Poothakkulam thoor kara Pl,Ml,RRl; Neelaswaram kara PI,LI; village:-Kalakkottu kara PI,LI; Nelletti kara Ll; Annoor kara PI,Ml. Pavithreswaram viIIage:­ Poothakkulam kara P3,MI,HI,Ll. Meenadu village:­ Thazhom kara P4,Ml,HI,L3,CRSI; Cherumangad Nedumgolam kara PI,MI; Meenadu kara PI,LI, kara Pl,Ll; Karikal kara PI; Kaithakodu kara PI; RRI; Chathanoorthazhom kara Pl,MI; Mamballi­ Pavithreswaram kara PI,MI,L2,CRSI; Idavattom kunnom kara PI,M2,HI; Koyippadu kara PI ; Idanadu kara P3,Ll. Ezhukone village:-Karuveli kara P2, kara PI,LI.; Chathannoor Eram kara PI; Uliyanadu RRI; Chittakottu kara PI,RRI,CRSI; Irumpanangad kara PI; Idavattom kara Ml. Kalluvathukkal kara HI,MI,P2,LI,RRI; Ezhukone kara PI,HI,LI, village:-Varinjamkara PI,MI,L2; Mevanakonam kara RRI; Thrippilazhikom kara PI,HI,LI,RRI; Puthu­ HI,LI; Karimbalur kara PI,LI; Vilavoorkonam kara sserikonam kara RRI; Edakodu kara RRI; Kolannoor PI; Illamkulamthazham kara PI; Kottakerom kara kara PI,Ll; Kakkottur kara RRI. Thrippilazhikom PI,MI,LI; KizhakkenaJah kara MI; Velamanur kara viIlage:-Thrippilazhikom kara P2,Ll; Chovallur kara PI. MI; Idakodam kara PI; Kadakodu kara PI,Ll;, Kuzhimathicadu kara PI,HI,LI,CRSI; Karipra kara Urban: PI,Ll,CRSl; Madanthacode kara MI,Ll; Vakanad Kundara Town:-Kanjirancode ward PI,M2,L2; kara PI,L2; Nedumankavu kara CRSI. Veliyam Kundara ward PI,Ll,RR2; Punukunnur (portion) village:-Muttara kara PI,RRI; Kudavattoor kara ward P3,CRSI; Perumpuzha (portion) ward P2, MI, PI,MI,RRI; Padinjattinkara PI,RRl; Chepra kara RRI. Kilikolloor Town:-Karikodu ward PI,CRSI, MI; Odanavattom kara P3,MI,RRI; Kizhekkekara LI,RR2; Arunoottimangalam ward Ll,CRSl; Man­ PI,RRI; Kayila kara Ml. Ommannoor village:­ gadu ward P2,MI,HI,LI,RR3,CRSI; Kannimel ward NclIikunnam kara RRI; Vilangara kara P3,RRl; PI,TI,LI,RR3,CRS3; Kilikolloor ward PI,MI,LI Neduvancavu kara PI; Oommannoor kara P2,MI, RR2. Quilon Municipal:-Asramam West ward PI RRI; Ambalakara PI; Valakom kara P2,HI,Ll; LI,CRSI; Asramam Middle ward LI,RRI; Asramam Andoor kara PI; Vayakal kara PI,RRI. Elamadu South ward LI,CRS2; Pattathanam West ward PI, village:-Parankode kara Pl,RRl; Cheruvakal kara HI,CI,RRI; Pattathanam East ward PI; Mundakkal MI,RRI; Vengoor kara PI; Elamadu kara PI,MI, East ward PI,RRI,GRSI; Mundakkal Middle ward RR2; Cheriyavelinalloor kara RRl; Arkannoor kara PI,Ml; Cantonment ward P2,M2,C2,H2,RR4,CRSI; PI. Pooyappally village:-Kottara kara P2,MI,LI; Pallithottam ward PI,LI,RRI,CRSl; Beach East Pooyappally kara PI,LI,RRI,CRSI; Kayila kara PI; ward P2; Beach North ward PI,Hl,LI; Vadyattu­ Mylottu kara HI; Kozhikottu kara P2; Chenkulam kotta ward P2,MI,HI,TI; Kottakkagom ward RRI; kara P2,Ml; Payakodu kara PI. Velinallur village:­ Cutcherry ward TI; Palace ward MI; Thevalli ward Oyoor kara PI,LI; Ugramkunnu kara PI,MI,RRI; PI,H2,T2; Kaikulangara North ward L2; Kaikulan· Karingannoor kara Pl,RRI; Nettayam kara PI,RRI; gara South ward L2; Thengassery ward P2,M2,H2, Cheruvakkal kara PI; Naduveli kara PI,Ml; Cheriya­ RRI; Punnathala ward PI; Kureepuzha West ward velinallur kara RRI; Atturkonam kara PI. Chadaya­ HI; Man~yilkulangara ward PI.Ll. mangalam village:-Vellupara kara PI,RRI; Poonkodu , kara HI; Chadayamangalam kara P2,HI,RRI; Kottarakara Talulr. Vellari kara PI,MI; Murukamon kara PI; Nilamel Rural:- kara PI,MI,RRl. Kadakkal Village:-Ilapazhannoor Kulakada village :-Kulakada Thazhathu kara kara PI; Kadakkal 'A' kara P2,M2,HI; Kadakkal PI,MI,Ll; Kulakada Ki'zhaku kara P2,LI; Erathu· 'B' kara PI; Kadakkal 'C' kara PI; Kadakkal 'D' kara kulakada kara HI,LI,CRSI; Poovattoor East kara P2; Kummil kara PI,MI. Chithara village:­ P3,LI; Poovattoor West kara P2,MI,L2,CRSI; Attu­ Chithara 'A' kara PI; Chiravoor 'A' kara HI; Chira­ vasseri kant PI,MI,Ll; PuthQor kara P2,MI,LI; voor 'C' kara MI; Muthayil 'B' kara PI; Mathira Vendar kara P2,L2; Perumkulam kara Pl,Ll. Mylom 'B' kara PI. Ittiva village :-Malaperur kara PI; village :-Kottathala kara P2,L 1; Perumkulam kara Ittiva kara PI; Thekkekottukal kara Pl,Ml; Vayala PI,Ll; Pallikkal kara P2,LI,RRI,CRSI; Inchakadu kara PI,Ml; Thudayannur kara PI, RRI,Ll; Mannoor kara P2,LI,CRSI; Anthamon kara PI; Kalayapuram kara PI; Chanapara kara PI,Ll,RR1. kara Ll; Thamarakudi kara P2,HI,Ll,RRI; Mylom kara PI,MI,LI; Pulamon P2. Mdila village:-Iyapa­ Pathanapwam Taluk lloor kara P2; Padinjattinkara Ll,RRI; Chengamanadu RU'Yal:- kara P2; ViIloor kara PI; Melila Kizhekkekara PI. Pathanapuram village:-Idathra kara PI; Pathi­ Vettikavala village:-Irannoor kara MI,RRI; Karl­ rical kara P2; Nadukunnu kara PI,Ml,RRI,CRSI; kamittom kara HI; Panaveli kara RRl; Talachira Manjallur kara PI,MI,HI,CI, eRSI. Piravanthur kara P3,RR2, Chakkuvarakkal kara P3,RR2. village :-Karvoor kara PI; Punnala kara PI ,MI ;

63 AMENITIES

Kizhakkemuri kara PI; Elikattur kara PI; Piravanthu RRI,CRSI; Earathu Vadakku kara PI,RR I; Meenam kara P2,MI,L2,RR2. Edamon village:-Hillkara Cl; kara PI; Maloor kara PI,RRI; Panthaplavu kara Malayalam Plantation kara PI,RRI; Chaliyakkara PI,MI,RRI; Kundayam kara PI,RRI. Thalavoor PI,Cl,RRI,CRSl; Cheruthanoor kara PI; Vellimala village:-Pandithitta kara P2,RR1. Kura kara PI, kara RRl; Edamon kara PI,Ml,RRI; Urukkunnu RRI; Vadakode kara PI,RR2; Njarakkadu kara PI, kara PI,CI; Ottakkal kara MI; Thenmala kara PI. HI,RR2,CRSI; Nadutheri kara PI,MI,RRI; Manja­ Arienkavu village :-Achankovil kara PI; Edapalyam kkala kara PI,RRI. Vilakkudi village:-Karyara kara kara PI; Arienkavu kara PI. Kulathupuzha village:­ PI; Vilakkudi kara PI,MI,RRI,CRSI; Kunnikkode Ezhamkulam kara PI,MI; Marthandan kara P2,MI; kara PI; Avaniswaram kar ... MI,RRI,CRSI; Ilambal Kulathupuzha kara P2,CRSI; Kandanchira kara PI; kara PI,RRI,CRSl. Karavalloor village:-Ven­ Chozhiyakkode kara PI; Hill kara P3. Yeroor village: chempu kara PI,Ml,CRSI; Mathra kara PI,RRI, Archal kara PI; Ayilare kara PI,MI; Nettayam kara CRSI; Karavalur kara PI,MI,RRI,CRSI. Arakkal PI; Yeroor kara HI,RRI; Panyan Thrikoyikkal kara village:-Podiyattuvila kara PI,RRI; Thadikad kara PI; Pazhayeroor kara PI. Punalur village:-Aram­ PI,MI,RRl; Perumannur kara PI,RRI; Valakam kara punna kara PI; Punaloor Padinjarekara P3,CI,L3, PI,Ml. Anchal village:-Eram kara PI; Vadaman RRI,CRSI; Punalur Kizhakkekara P3,MI,H2,Ll, kara PI ;Panayan

2. MEDICAL FAClLITmS

AD for Allopathic Dispensary RHC for Rural Health Centre AHOS for Allopathic Hospital MPR for Medical Practitioner MCW for Maternity and Child Welfare Centre AYD for Ayurvedic Dispensary AYH for Ayurvedic Hospital VETD for Veterinary Dispensary VETH for Veterinary Hospital HM for Homeopathic Dispensary or Hospital

Pathanamthitta. Taluk village:-Vallicode kara HMI. Pramadam village:­ Rural:- Kottayam kara RHCI. Angadi village:-Angadi kara MCWI, MPRI, AYDI; Varavoor kara VETDl. Pazhavangadi viI­ Kunnathur Taluk lage:-Pazhavangadi kara MPR4. Chethekkal vil­ Rural:- lage:-Chethekkal kara MPRI,ADI,AYD2,VETDI; Peringanad village:-Melood kara VETDI; Kunnam kara ADI,MPR4. Perunadu vilJage:­ Karuvatta kara AHOS2, AyDI, HM2; Pothady kara Perunadu kara RHCI, MPR2, AYDI, VETDl. AYD I; Mundapally kara AYD 1. Adoor village:­ Vadasserikara village:-Kumaramperoor North kara Konnamankara ADI, VETDI. Erath village:­ AD2, AYDI; Vadasserikara MPR3,HM5,AYD4,VETH Kottanalloor kara AD 1. Ayyamkoikkal kara AHOS 1. 1. Cherukole village:-Cherukole kara ADl, MPR5; Soo~anad North village :-Pa.dinjattum Kizhakkum Kattoor kara MPRI; Keekozhoor kara MPR2. MaI­ kara ADI. Sooranad South village :-Eravi­ lapuzhasseri village:-Kozhencherry kara AHOSI, chira Naduvil kara MFRI, VETDI; Kidangayan ADl, VETDI. Elanthoor village:-Elanthoor Mekku Kannimel kara MPRI; Eravichira Kizhakku kara kara ADl,AYDI. Chennerkara village:-Muttathu­ MPR2. Poruvazhi village :-Pallikkara HMI. Sas­ konam kara AD1. Naranganam village:-Naranganam thamcotta village :-Panapetty kara AYD2; Manakkara kara MeWI, AYD2; Kadamanitta kara ADI,MPRI, ADI, VETDI, AYD2; Muthupilakkad West kara AYD2. Pathanamthitta village:-Kumbazha kara AYDI, HMI. West KalJada village:-Kanathar­ AYDI; Chittoor kara AD 1. Malayalapuzha village:­ kunnam kara AYD 1; Kothapuram kara AD 1; Ayi tho-­ Malayalapuzha Edanadu kara MCWI. Vallicode ttuva North kara: HMI; Koyikkalbhagom kara AYDI;

64 MEDICAL FACILITIES

Naduvilekkara AYDI. Kunnathur village:-Kun­ tctyam kara ADI. Thrikkaruva village:-Ashtamudi nathur \-Vest kara AYD l; Kunnathur East kara AYD 1 ; kara ADI; Thekkechery kara RHCI, AYDl. Thri­ Kunnathur Naduvil kara MPRI, VETD I; Manam­ kadavoor village :-Murunthal kara AYD2; Kadavoor puzha kara MPRI, VETD I; h:erkala Kizhakkekara kara MCWI; Kurepuzha kara MCWl; Mathilil kara Thek kara MCWl. Kadampanad village:-Kadam­ MCWl. Quilon village :-Sakthikulangara kara AD2, panad North kara HMl, AYD3; Thuvayoor South MPR4, AYD2, HMI; Meenathuchery kara ADl, kara ADI, AYDl. Memannadi kara AYD2. Ezham­ MPR2, AYH2, HMl; Kannimel kara MPR4, AYDl, kulam village:-Ezhamkulam kara MPRl; N¢dumon HM2; Kureepuzha kara AD2, MPR2, AYH2, HMl; kara MPRI, HMI; Arukalikkal East kara MPR2; Thirumullavaram kara MPRl; Asramom karOl AD2, Arukalikkal West kara MPRl; Enath kara MPR3, MPR3, AYD2, HMl; Uliakovil kara ADI, MPRI, HMI; Elengamangalam kara MCWl,MPRl. Kodu­ AYDl, HMl. Vadakkevila village:-Pattathanam kara mon village:-Kodumon kara MCWl. Angadickal RHCI, MPRI, AYDl,HM2;Vadakkevilakara AYDI; village :-Chandanapally kara AD 1; Angadickal Vada­ Manakkattucherry kara HMI; Mulluvila Cherry kara kkekara ~PRI, AYDl; Angadickal Thekkekara HM 1. Eravipuram village:-Thekkevila kara AYD3; MPRI. Koodal village:-Koodal kara ADI, MPR4, Panthrandummuri kara AYDI, HM1; Pinakkal kara HMl; Kalanjoor kara MPR2, AYD 1. Enadiman­ AYD2; Tazham kara MPRI, AYD I; Vadakkumcherry galam village:-Elamanoor kara MPR5;Kurumpa kara kara ADI; Mayyanadu Cherry kara ADI, AYD3; MPRI. Thekkumbhagom kara AYDI, HMI. Thrikkovil­ vattom village:-Thattarkonam kara HMl; Cheriyelah Karunagapally Taluk kara ADI, HMI; Chenthapood kara ADI, VETHI;­ Rural:- Naduvilakkara VETHI, HMI; Cherikkonam kara Krishnapuram village:-Vyanakathukaranma kara AYDI; Thrikkovilvattom kara HMI; Vettilathazham AD 1. Thazhava village:-Thekkum Muri Kizhakku kara AYD2, HMI; Kurumanna kara AYDl; Pan­ kara MPRl. Thodiyoor village:-Thodiyoor kara konamkara HMI; Kannanalloor kara AYHI, VETHI, MCWl; Vengara kara AYDI; Muzhangodi kara HMI; Perayam kara AYD2; Thazhuthala kara HMI; MCWI. Kulasekharapuram village :-Kuzhithura kara North Mylakkadu kara AYDI. Nedumpana village:­ MPR2, VETD2, HMI; Alappadu kara MPR3,ADI; Nallila kara MeWl, RHCI, MPRI, AYD2; Puliyila Athinad Thekku kara RHCI, MPR4, MCWl; Kotta­ kara ADI, RHCl, AHOSI, AYD2; Nedumbanakal kkupuram kara ADI, MPR6, VETD4. Karunaga­ kara AYD5; Muttakkavu kara AD I; Kundumon kara pally village:-Cheriazhaeekal kara AYDI,HM1; ADI; Pallimon kal'a ADI, RHCI, AYDl; Elavoor kara Pandarathuruthu kara MCWI, AYDI; Kozhikodu ADI, RHCI, AHOSI, AYDl; Miyynnoor kara ADl. Mekku kara HMI; Maruthoorkulangara Vadakku Adichanalloor village:-Thazhuthala Cherry kara kara RHCI; Alappad, kara AYD3; Padanayarkulan­ AHOS I; Adichanalloor Cherry kara MPRI; Kaytha­ gara Vadakku kara ADI, RHCI, AYDI, VETDI; kuzhy Cherry kara MPRl. Mayyanadu village:­ Padanayarkulangara Thekku kara AYD4, HM2; Vadakkumkara Kizhakkecherry kara AYHI; Nadu­ Ayanivelikulangara Thekku kara MCWI. vilakkara Cherrykara VETDI, VETHl; Ayiramthengu Panmana village :-Kollaka kara MPR2; Vadakkum­ Cherry kara AYDI; Thekkumkara Cherry kara AYDI; thala Mekke kara MPRI, AYD2; Panmana kara Mayyanadu Cherry kara ADI, AYD4. Paravoor MCWI, AYDI; Midappally kara HMI; Palod kara village:-Kurumandal kara MPR1, VETDI; Koonayil MPR1, AYDI; Mekad kara MPRI, AYDI, VETDI; kara ADI, MPR2, AHOSl; Kottapuram kara RHC2, Kalarikara AD I, AYO I; Choia kara A YD 1. Chavara MPR2, AYD4, HM4; Kongal kara AYD2, HM4. village :-Chavara kara AYD3; Kulangarabhagom kara Poothakkulam village :-Poothakkulam kara AD I, AYD2; Puthucaud\ kata AYD2; Menampally kara MCWl. Meenadu village:-Mamballikunnom kara AYDI. Thekkumbhagom village :-Neendakara ADI, AYD1; Chathannoor Eram kara VETHI. Kalluyathu AHOSI, MPR4, MCWI; Vadakkumbhagom kara kkal village:-Mevanakonam kara MCWI; Kotta­ MPRZ; Malibhagom kara MPR4; Naduvathucherry kerom kara ADI, AYD3. kara MPRZ. Thevalak~ra village:-l.>adinjattakara AD I, AYD I; Palakal kara A YJ;> I; Puthansanketham Urban:- kara. AYD I; Koivila South kara A YD2; Koiviia North Kundara town :-Kanjirakode ward AYD3,HM4; kara AYDI; Arinalloor kara AYDI; Naduvilakara Kundara ward AD2, AYD4, HM2. Kilikollur town:­ ADZ, MCWI,AYD2. Mynagapallyvillage:--Kadappa Arunoottimangalam ward MPRI, AYD I ; Mangadu kara ADI, AYDI. ward MPR4, AYD4, AYHI; Kannimel ward AD2, MPR8, AYD6, HM2; Kilikollur ward AD4, MPR9, Q.ui1on Taluk AY04, HMl. Quilon Municipal:-Asramam West Rural:- ward MPRI, ADI; Asramam Middle ward MPR4; Munro Island village :-Pattamthuruthu kara Asramam South ward MPR2; Asramam East ward VETHI; Kantrankani kara AYDI; Nenmani kara MPR3; Pattathanam West ward MPR3, MCWI; AYDI, VETHI; Vellimangalam kara ADI, MCWI, Pattathanam East ward MPR7; Mundakkal East AYDI. East Kallada village:-Koduvila Muri ward MPR4; Mundakkal Middle ward MPR2; AYDZ; Thekke Muri AYD4' Mulavana village:­ Mundakkal West ward MPRI, MCWI, AYDI; Perayan kara AYD3, HM2. Mulavana kara AYD6, Cantonment ward MPR7, AHOS3; Pallithottam ward HM2. Perin ad village:-Perumon kara ADI; Chit- MPRI, AYDI; Beach East ward AYDI; Beach South

65 l0614198C AMENITIES

ward HMl; Beach North ward AYDl; Thamarakulam AHOSI, MPRI. Ittiva village:-Thudayannur kara ward MPRl; Andamukkom South ward AYD2; AYDI. Andamukkom North ward AYD7; Vadayattukotta ward ADI, AHOSl, MPRl, AYD5; Vadakkum­ Pathanapuram Taluk bhagom ward ADI, AHOSI, AYD3, HMl; Kotta­ Rural:- kkagom ward AROSl, AYD3, HMI; Cutcherry Pathanapuram village:-Ma~allur kara ADI, wardAHOSI, AYD3, HMI; Palace ward AD2, AYDl, AROSI, MPR2, MCWl, AYDl.Piravanthurvilla&e:­ VETDl, HMl; Thevalli ward AYDl; Kaikulangara Piravanthur kara RHC2, RM2. Edamon village:­ North ward AD2, MCWl; Tangasseri ward AD I, Malayalam Plantation kara MPR2; Chaliyakkara AYDI; Kureepuzha East ward ADI, MCWI, AYDl; MPRI; Edamon kara MPR8, AYD5; Andoorpach Kureepuzha West ward MPRI; Manayilkulangara kara MPRl; Urukkunnu kara MPR 1, AYD 1 : Ottakkal ward AYD2. kara MPRI, AYDI; Thenmala kara MPRl. Aricn­ kavu village:--Hillkkara MPRl. Kulathupuzha village:-Kulathupuzha kara ADI, MPRl, VETDI. Kottuakara Taluk Yeroor village:-Yeroor kara MPR2, MCWl, Rural:- AYD I. Punalur village:-Punaloor Padinjarekara Kulakada village :-Erathukulakada kara AYD 1; RHC4, AROSI, AYD9, VETDI, HM2; Punalur Poovattoor East kara AHOSI. Vettikavaia village:­ Kizhakkekara ADI, MCWI, AYD3, VETHI. Karikamittom kara VETHl. Kottarakara village:­ Pidavoor village:-Naduvannoor kara ADI. Patta­ Kizhakkekkara ADI, VETHI; Padinjattinkara VET zhi village :-Nadutheri kara A YD 1; Thekketheri kara HI; Neduvathoor kara AYD 1 ; Pavithreswaram VETDl; Kannimel kara MCWl; Earathu Vadakku village:-Thazhom kara AYDl, AYHl; Idavattom kara AHOSl, AYDl. Thalavoor village:-Manja­ kara VETHl. Ezhukone village:-Ezhukone kara kkala kara VETDI. Vilakkudi vilIage:-Karyara kara ADI, AYDI, VETDl. Thrippilazhikom village:­ AYHl; Kunnikkode kara MPRI, AYHI, VETHI; Idakodam kara MPRl; Illavookonam kara VETHl; Avaniswaram kara VETD 1; Ilambal kara AYH3, Vakanad kara AHOSI. Veliyam village:-Odana­ VETHI. Anchal village:-Thazhamel kara MPR7. vattom kara AYDI; Kizhekkekara ADI. Velinallur Edamulackal village:-Ayoor kara AYD4, AYHI. village :-Oyoor kara AYD I; Karingannoor kara AD I. Alayamon village:-Alayamon kara MPR6; Moongode Chadayatnangalam village:-Chadayamangalam kara kara MPR4.

3 DRINKING WATER FACILITIES S for Safe or protected Water Supply including pipes, tube-wells etc. PW for Pucca wen KW for Kuccha well TK for Tank RIV for River

Pathanamthitta Taluk kara PW2, RIV, KW507; Vaikom kara PW2. RIV; Rural:- Puthusserimala kara RIV, PW2; Mekkozhoor kara Angadi village:-Angadi kara PW3, KW525. RIV. Cherukole village:-.-Cherukole kara KW350; Vengali kara KW165; Pullupuram kara KW325, Kattoor kara KW165; Vayalathala kara KW300; PWI' Varavoor kara KW165. Pazhavangadi Keekozhoor kara KW370. Mallapuzhasseri village:_: vilIage:-pazhavangadi kara KW531, PW2; Kari­ Keezhukara KW401, RIV; Kozhencheny kara PWI, kulam kara KW 189, PW 3; Iythala kara KW84, PW2. RIV, KW918; Vanchitra kara KW218; Mallapuzha~ Chethekkal viIlage:-Chethekkal kara PWI, KW218; s~eri kara PWl, RIV, KW789; Kunnathukara KW Kunnam kara PW2, KW197. Perunadu 83; Kadavon kara KW73; Parapur kara KW170; village:-Karikulam kara KW130; Madamon North Kanjiravally kara KW97; Onthekadu kara KW309; kara KW151; Madamon South kara KW158; Kakkad Karthaviam kara KW408; Karamveli kara KW431; kara KW29, RIV; Perunadu kara KW47, RIV, PW3. Punnakkadu kara KW6IO; Kurumthar kara KW Vadasserikara village:-Cherukulanji kara KW34, 170; Kuzhikala kara KW465. Elanthoor village:­ RIV; Kumaramperoor North kara KW55 , PW4, Elanthoor-Pariyaram kara KW412; Elanthoor Mekku RIV; Kumaramperoor South kara KW34, RIV kara PW514; Elanthoor Kizhakku kara KW313. Chen­ Edakulamkara KW30; Vadasserikara PW2, KW 127, nerkara village:-Muttathukonam kara KW262, RIV; RIV. Ranni village:-Perumpuzha kara KW51; Chennerkara KW51O; Prakanam kara KW620; Mundapuzha kara KW 214, PW I, RIV; Thot.tamon Thumpamon~Eram kare RIV, KWB25. Omalloor 66 DRINKING WATER FACILITIES

village: -Cheekanal kara K W85, P WI; Puthen­ Karunagapally~ Taluk peedika ka,.ra KW240, PWI; Mannararnala kara. Rural:- KW150; Meloottubhagom kara KW175; lmaliki­ Krishnapuram village:-N:_iakanaI kara PWl; zhekku kara KW125; Manjinikara KWllO; Panniali Vyanakathukaranmakara PW1; Kottampallikara P\,Vl; kara KW83; Attarigham kara KW75; Mullanikadu.­ Matathikaranma kara PW1. Thodiyoor village:­ kara KW65; Vazhamuttam kara KW67. Naran­ Muzhangodi kara TKI; Kallelibhagorr kara TK2 ganam village:-Naranganam kara PW2, KW91O; Kulasekharapuram village:-Kuzhlthura kara S3· Kadamanitta kara PWl, KW833. Patllanamthitta Alappadu kara Sl; Athinad Thekku kara Sl; Korta: villa, RIV; kara PW2; Koivila South kara PWl; Koivila North Pramadam kara KWI003, RIV; Vettoor ka.ra KW kara PW2; Mottakkal kara PWl; Mulikala kara 214, RIV; Mannumbhagam kara KW88, RIV; PW1; Arinalloor kara PW2; Naduvilakara PW2. Elakolloor kara KW 307, RIV; Kottayam kara KW 1,712, RIV. Konni village:-Mangaram k

61 10614198 C kara TK1. Meenadu village:-Meenadu kara FWl; nnoor kara KWI; Polikottu kara KWl. Elamadu Chathannoorthazham kara PW4, TKl; Mamballi­ village:-Elamadu kara KWl. Pooyappally village:­ kunnom kara TK2, RIV; ChathannoDr Eram kara Kottara kara KVV3; Maruthamonpally kara KW6; PWl; Varinjam kara TKl; Idavattom kara TKI. Pooyappally kara KW3; Kayila kara KW2; Mylottu Urban:- ... -- kara KW3; Nelliparambu kara KW2; Kozhikottu Kundara town:-Kundara ward TKI. Quilon kara KW4; Chenkulam kara KW2. Velinallur Municipal:-Asramam West ward PVv'l; Asramam village:-Atturkonam kara RIV. Chadayamangalam Middle wa.rd PWl; Asramam South ward PWl; Asra­ village:-Poredom kara K\Vl; Poonkodu kara KWl; mam East ward PWl; Pattathanam West ward PWl; Chadayamangalam kara KWI ; Kuriyodu kara KW 1. Pattathanam East ward PWI; Mundakkal East ward Chithara village:-Chithara 'A' kara KW 1; Chiravoor PW2; Mundakkal Middle ward PWl; Mundakkal West 'A' kara KW2; Mathira 'A' kara KWI. Ittiva ward PWl; Cantonment ward PWl; Pallithottam ward village:-Ittiva kara KW 1. PW2; Beach East ward PWl; Beach South ward PWI ; Beach North ward PWI; Thamarakulam ward PWl; Pathanapuram Taluk Andamukkom South ward PWI; Andamukkom North Rural:- ward PWI; Vadayattukotta ward PWI; Vadakkum­ Pathanapuram village:-Manjallur kara PW3, bhagom ward PWI ; Kottakkagom ward PWl; KWI. Piravanthur village:-Karvoor kara PWl; Cutcherry ward PWl; Palace ward PWI; Thevalli Punnala kara PWl; Elikattur kara PWI KWl; ward PWl; Kaikulangara North ward PWl; Piravanthur kara KWI. Edamon village :--'Edamon Kaikulangara South ward PWl; Tangasseri ward kara PWl; Thenmala kara RIV. Arienkavu village:­ PWl; Punnathala ward PWI; Kureepuzha East ward Achankovil kara RIV. Kulathupuzha village:­ PWI; Kureepuzha West ward PWI ; Manayilkulangara Marthandankara PWI; Kulathupuzha kara PWI, ward PWI. RIV; Kandanchira kara RIV; Chozhiyakkode kara PWl; Hill kara RIV. Yeroor village:-Nettayam Kottal'akara Taluk kara KWl; Yeroor kara KW2, TKl; Pazhayeroor Rural:- kara PWI. Punalur village:-Punalur Kizhakkekara Kulakada village :-Kulakada Thazhathu kara RIV. Pidavoor village:-Pidavoor kara RIV. Patta­ RIV; Kulakada Kizhakku kara RIV; Erathukulakada zhi village :-Nadutheri kara RIV; Thekketheri kara kara RIV. Mylom viIlage:-Pallikkal kara KW3; PWI; Kannimel kara PW3, KW 1; Earathu Vadakku Inchakadu kara PW2; Anthamon kara KWI; Thama­ kara PW 4, RIV; Meenam kara RIV; Maloor kara rakudi kara KWl; Mylom kara KWl; Pulamon PWI, RIV; Panthaplavu kara RIV. Thalavoor kara KWt. Melila village:-Padinjattinkara KWl; "illage:-Pandithitta kara PW3; Njarakkadu kara Chengamanadu kara KWl; Villoor kara KWI. PW2; Nadutheri kara PW2. Vilakkudi village:­ Vettikavala village:-Karikamittom karaKW l. Kotta­ Karyara kara RIV; Vilakkudi kara PWI, RIV' rakara village :-Neelaswaram kara KW I; Ambala­ Kunnikkode kara TKI; Avaniswaram kara RIV; puram kara KWl. Neduvathoor village:-Thevala­ Ilambal kara TKI, RIV. Karavalloor village:­ puram kara KWI; Vallom kara KWI. Ezhukone Mathra kara PWI. Arakkal village:-Podiyattuvila village:-Karuveli kara KW2; Irumpanangad kara kara PWl; Perumannur kara PWI; Pullamcode kara KW3; Ezhukone kara KW5. Thrippilazhikom village:­ PWI. Anchal village:-Vadaman kara PWI; Tha­ Thrippilazhikom kara KWl; Idakodam kara KWl; zhamel kara PWI. Edamulackal village:-Ayoor Kuzhimathicadu kara KWI ; IIIavookonamkara KWI' kara PWl, TKI, RIV; Perungullur kara TK 1; Ida­ Karipra kara KWl; Madanthacode kara KWl; mulakkal kara PW~~ TKl; Chempakaramanellur Vakanad kara KWl; Nedumankavu kara KW1. kara TKI. Alayamon viI1age:-Alayamon kara PW3, Onunannoor village:-Vilangara kara KWl; Omma- TKl; Moongode kara PW4.

4 COMMUNICAll0N AND TRANSPORT FACILITIES PO for Post Office TO for Telegraph!. PH for Phones RH for Rest Honse R for Connectl.!d by Road W for Connected by Water RIY for Conuectedby Railway Ch for Chottltries Pathanamthitta Taluk Pazhavangadi village:-pazhavangadi kara P02 R; Rural:- Karikulam kara POI,R; Iythala kara R. Chethekkal Angadi village:-Angadi kara P02, R., Vengali vilhge:-Chethekkal kara P02, R; Kunnam kara P02, kara R; Pullupuram kara POI,W; Varavoor kara POl, H. Perunadu village:-Karikulam kara R; Madamon 68 COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORT FACILITIES

North kara R; Madamon South kara R; Kakkadu kara Iverkala Padinjattekara Thekku kara pal. Kadampa­ R; Perunadu kara pal, R. Vadasserikara village:­ nad village:-Kadampanad North kara pal; Kadam­ Cherukulanji kara POI,R,W; Kumaramperoor North panad South kara R; Thuvayoor South kara PO 1 ; kara POI, R, W; KurnaramFeroor South kara R,W; Mannadi Kizhakku Naduvil kara POI; Memanl1adi Edakulam kara R,POI, W; Vadasserikara P02,Phl. kara PO 1. Ezhamkulam village:-Ezhamkulam kara Ranni village:-Perumpuzha kara R; Thottamon pal, R; Puramp kara R; Nedumon kara POI,R; kara R; Vaikom kara pal, R; Puthusserirnala kara Arukalikkal East kara R; Arukalikkal West kara R; PO I, R,W ; Mekkozhoor kara PO I,R. Cherukole Kadika kara POI,R; Enath kara POI,R; Elanga­ village:-Cherukole kara Phl,R; Kattoor kara pal, rnangalam kara R. Kodumon village:-Kodumon Phl,R; Vayalathalakara POI,Phl,R; Keekozhoorkara bra PO I, R. Angadickal village :-Chandanapally pal, Phl,R. Mallapuzhasseri village:-Keezhukara R; kara PO 1, R; Angadickal vadakkekara PO 1; Angadi­ Melukara R; Kozhencherry kara W,POl,TOI,PhI, kkal Thekkekara pal. Koodal village:-Koodal kara RHI,H; Vanchitra kara R; Mallapuzhasseri kara R,W; R,P02; Kalanjoor kara R,P02. Enadimangalam Kunnathukara R; Kadavon kara R; Parapur kara R; village:-Mangad kara R; Elamanoor kara pal, R, Kanjiravally kara R; Onthekadu kara R; Karamveli Maroor kara R, kara POI,R; Punnakkadu kara P02,R; Kuzhikala kara POI,R. Elanthoor village:-Elanthoor pari­ Karunagapally Taluk yararn kara R; Elanthoor Mekku kara POI,R; Elan­ Rural:- thoor Kizhakku kara R. Chennerkara village:­ Perunad village:-Prayar Thekku kara POI,R; Chennerkara pal, R; Prakanam kara pal; Thumpa­ Perunad kara R; Klappana Vadakku kara R; Klap­ mon Eramkara PO 1. Omalloor village :-Cheekanal pana Thekku kara R; Perurnathazha kara POI,R; kara R; Puthenpee<;lika kara R; Irnalikizhekku kara Varavila kara R; Paikuzhi kara POI,TOI,R,Rly. Kri­ PO I; Manjinikara R; Panniali kara R; Attarigham shnapuram village:-Mernana kara R; Njakanal kara kara R; Vazhamuttam kara POI, R,W. Naran­ R,Rly. Thazhava village:-Vadakkum Muri Mekku ganarn village:--Naranganam kara POI,R; Kadama­ kara POI,R; Kadathoor kara R; Thekkum Muri rutta il.ara POI,R. Pathanamthitta village:-Vetti­ Padeetakkara PO I,R; Thekkum Muri Kizhakku kara pra.lll bra R; Mylapra kara POI,R; Kumbazha kara R; Vadakkum Muri Kizhakku kara R; Manappali pal. Malayalapuzha village:-Malayalapuzha Thekku kara R; Manappali Vadakku kara R; Pavumba Thazham kara PO 1; Malayalapuzha Eram kara PO 1 ; vadakku kara R; Pavumba Thekku kara POI,R. Malayalapuzha Nalloor kara POI. Konnithazham Thodiyoor village:-Puliyoorvanchi Vadakku kara R, village:-Vettoor kara P02,R; Konnithazham kara Rly; Thodiyoor ka~ R,W; Vengara kara R,W; R,PO 1. Vallicode village :-Nariapuram kara PO 1, Puliyoorvanchi Thekku kara R,Rly; Muzhangodi kara R; Vayala North kara R; Kaipattoor kara POI,R; POI,R,W; Kallelibhagom kara R,Rly. Kulasekha­ Vallicode kara pal; R; Vazhamuttam kara R. Pram­ rapuram village:-Kuzhithura kara RHI; Alappadu adam village:--Palamaroor kara R,W; Valanchoozhi kara R,W; Athinad Thekku kara R,W; Athinad kara R, W; Maroor kara R,W; Pramadam kara POI, Vadakku kara R; Kottakkupuram kara R; Neelikulam R,W; Vettoor kara R,W; Mannumbhagom kara R, kara POI; Karunagapally kara R; Kadathoor kara W; Elakolloor kara pal, R; Kottayam kara P02,R, R. Karunagapallyvillage:-Che!iazheekal kara pal, W. Konni village:-Mangaram kara R; Aruva­ W; Pandarathuruthu kara W; Vellanathuruthu kara palam kara FOI,R. Iravon village:-Konnithazham W; Kozhikkodu Kizhakku kara R; Kozhikkodu Mekku kara R; Iravon kara POI, R. kara POI,R,W; Maruthoorkulangara Thekku kara R, W; Maruthoorkulangara Vadakku kara R; Alappad Kunnathur Taluk kara POI,R,W; Nambaruvikala kara R; Padanayar­ Rural:- kulangara Vadakku kara pal; Padanayarkulangara Peringanad vilIage:-Karuvatta kara POI. Mun­ Thekku kara POI,TOI,Phl, RHI,R,W; Ayaniveli­ dapally kara PQl. Moor village:-Pannivizha kara kulangara Vadakku kara R. Panmana village:­ POI,TOI,PhI,R; Munnalam kara R; Kannamkodu Kollaka kara R, W; Vadakkumthala Kizhakku kara kara R; Parakode kara POI,RHI. Etath village:­ POI,R,W; Mullakeri kara R; Vada~kumthala Mekke Kottanalloor kara PO 1; Erath kara PO 1; Vayala kara kara R,W; Ponmana kara W; Chlttoor kara R,W; PO I; Puthusseribhagam kaq R. Pallickal village:­ Panmana kara R; Midappally kara R; Palod kara R; Pallickal kara PO I; Cherukunnam kara R; Thottuva Maveli kara R; Nettiyadu kara R; Manayil kara R; kara R. Sooranad North village :-Anayadi kara PO I, Kumalathrabhagom kara POI,R; Kanankarbhagom R; Naduvilemuri R; Padinjattum Kizhakkum Muri kara R; Vazhayilbhagom kara R; Maduvathucherry pal. Sooranad South village:-Eravichira kara R; Aekalabhagom kara R; Kolam kara R; Mekad Padinjaru kara R; Kidangayan North kara POI,R. kara POI,R,W; Kalari kara R; Vaduthala kara R; Poruvazhi village:-Edakkattukara R; Naduvilekara Chola kara R. Chavara village:-Kovilthottam kara R. Sasthamcotta village:-Manakkara pal; Muthu­ R; Cherusseribhagom kara R; Karithura bra R; pilakkad West kara pal. West Kallada village:­ Chavara kara POI,R; Kulangarabhagom kara R; Kanatharkunnam kara POI; Kothapuram kara R; Puthucaud kara R; Kottakakam kara R; Menam­ Ayithottuva South kara Rly; Naduvilekkara pal. pally kara R. Thekkumbhagom village:-Neendakara Kunnathur village:-Thuruthikkara POI,R; Kun­ P02,PhI,R, W; Vadakkumbhagom kara R,W; Mali. nathur East kara PO I; Kunnathur Naduvil kara R; bhagom kara POI,R; Vaduvathucherry kara R;

69 10614198 C AMENITIES

Thekkumbhagom kara R, W. Thevalakara village:­ Rly; Pozhikkara R; Kongal kara R,W; Thekkum­ Palakal kara R; Puthansanketham kara R; Koivila bhagom kara POI,R. Poothakkulam village:-Kala_ South kara R,W; Koivila North kara POI,R,W; kkottu kara Ph2;R,Rly; Nelletti kara TOI,R; Pootha­ Mottakkal kara R; Mulikala kara R; Arinalloorkara kkulam kara P2,R. Meenadu village:-Nedum_ POI,R,W; Naduvilakara POI,R. Mynagapally golam kara R; Meenadu kara R; Chathanoor­ village:-Kadappa kara POL thazhom kara POI,TOI,Phl,R; Mamballikunnom kara R; Koyippadu kara R; Idanadu kara R; Chatha­ Quilon Taluk nnoor Eram kara R; Chirakkarathazhom kara R; Rural:- Uliyanadu kara R; Varinjam kara POI,R; Idavattom Munro Island village:-Kidapparam kara R; kara R; Kulathukonam kara R. Kalluvathukkal Pattamthuruthu kara PO 1; Pezhamthuruthu kara village:--Varinjam kara R; Nadakkal kara R; Chira­ Rly; Kantrankani kara W; Nenmani kara W; Velli­ kkara Edavattom kara R; Mevanakonam kara R: mangalam kara POI,W. East Kallada village:­ Kulathukonam kara R; Karimbalur kara R; Vii a­ Thazhathu Muri R; Koduvila Muri POI, R; voorkonam kara R; Illamkulamthazham kara R; Koyikkal Muri R; Pazhayar Muri R; Maravoor Kottakerom kara POI,R; Kadambattukonam kara R; Muri R; Uppukudu Muri R; Thekke Muri POI, Kizhakkanelah kara R; Velamanur kara PO 1,R. PhI, R. Mulavana village:-Perayan kara R,W; Mulavana kara Phl,R,W,Rly. Kottankara village:­ Urban:- Peroorkara R; Kottankara POI; Punukannur kara Kundara town:-KalJjirakode ward R; Kundara P02,W; Perumpuzha kara R. Perinad village:­ ward POI,TOI,Ph30, R, Rly; Punukunnur (portion) Perumon kara R, Rly; Chittayam kara R, Rly; ward POI,TOI,Phl,R; Perumpuzha (portion) ward R; Panayam kara R, Rly; Ampazhaveli kara R; Kanda­ Kilikollur town :-Karikode ward Chl,R,Rly; Arunoo­ chira kara R; Pampali kara, R, Rly; Chathina­ ttimangalam ward R; Mangadu ward POI,Phl,R; kulam kara R,Rly; Charukattu kara R; Kuzhiyam Kannimel ward POI,Ph32,Ch2,R; Kilikollur ward kara R; Chemmakadu kara POI,R; Cherumoodu kara POI,PhI9, Chl,R,W. Quilon Municipal:-Asramam POI,R; Idavattom kara R. Thrikkaruva village:­ West ward R,W; Asramam Middle ward R; Asramam Ashtamudikara R,Rly; Vadakkekara R,Rly; Inchavila South ward R; Asramam East ward R; Pattathanam kara R; Naduvilachery kara Rly; Prakulam kara R, West ward R, Rly; Pattathanam East ward Rly; Rly; Thekkechery kara PO 1,R,Rly; Njarakkal kara Mundakkal East ward R, PO 1,Rlv; Mundakkal Middle R. Thrikadavoor village:-Murunthal kara R; ward R, Rly; Mundakkal West 'ward R; Cantonment Njarakkal kara R; Kottakkakam kara POI,R,TOI, ward R, POI,TOI,Phl,RHI, Rly; Pallithottam ward PhI; Kadavoor kara R; Neeravil kara R; Kurepuzha RHI,POI,R; Beach East ward R; Beach South ward kara POI'~ R; Mathilil kara R. Quilon village:­ R; Beach North ward R: Thamarakulam ward RHI, Sakthikulangara kara R; Meenathuchery kara POI, POI,R; Andamukkom South 'ward R; Andamukkom R; Kannimel kara R; Kureepuzha kara R; Thirumu­ North ward R; Vadayattukotta ward POI,R; Vada­ llavaram kara R; Asramom kara R; Uliakovil kara R. kkurnbhago~ ward POI,RH1,R; Kottakkagom ward Vadakkevila village:-Pattathanam kara POI,R,Rly; R; Cutcherry ward POI,TOI,R; Palace ,vard R; Vadakkevila kara POI,R; Ayathil Cherry kara POI, Thevalli ward FOl,R; Kaikulangara North ward R; R; Manakkattu Cherry kara R; Mulluvila Cherry Kaikulangara South ward R; Tangasseri ward POI,R; kara R; Panthalathazham kara R; Palathara kara R; Punnathala ward R; Kureepuzha East ward R; Thattamala kara PO I ,R. Eravipuram village:­ Kureqmzha "Vest ward R; Manayilkulangara Ward R. Thekkevila kara R; Kayyalakkal kara R; Pinakkal kara R; Mayyanadu Cherry kara P02,R; Thekkum­ Kottal"akara Taluk bhagom kara R. Thrikkovilvattom village:-Thattar­ Rural:- konam kara R; Cheriyelah bra R; Chenthapoo kara Kulakada village:-Erathukulakada kara POI, R; Naduvilakkara R; Cherikkonam kara R; Thri­ R; Poovattoor East kara R; POQvattoor West kara POI, kkovilvattom kara R; Vettilathazham kara R; Kuru­ R; Puthoor kara POI,R; Mylomkulam kala R; manna kara PO 1,R; Pankonam kara R; Kannanalloor Venda kara R; Perumkulam, kara POL ~1ylom kara POI,R; Kizhavur kara R; Puthuchira kara R; vill

70 COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORT FACILITIES kara R; Anakottoor kara R; Neduvathoor kara R, Pathanapuram Taluk RJy; Neelaswaram kara POI,R; Chanthoor kara R; Rural:- Annoor kara R. Pavithreswarclm village:-Thazhom Pathanapuram village:-Nadukunnu kara POI, !tara POI; Kaithakodu kara POL Ezhukone village:­ TOl,Phl,RHl; Manjallur kara POl,R. Piravanthur Karuveli kara R,POI; Chittakottu kara R; Irum­ village:-Karvoor R; Punnala kara POI, R; panangad kara POI, R; Ezhukone kara POI,R,Rly; Kizhakkemuri R; Elikattur kara R; Piravanthur Thrippilozhikom kara R,Rly; Kolannoor kara R; kara POI, R. Edamon village:-Hillkara R; Malaya­ Kakkottur kara PO I ,R. Thrippilazhikom, village:­ lam Plantation kara Ph2, R; Chaliyakkara PhI, R; Thrippilazhikom kara R; Idakocfam kara POI; Cheruthanoor kara R; Vellimdla kara R; Edamon kara Placodu kara R; Kuzhimathicadu kara POI,R; TOI,R,Rly; Andoorpachkara R; Urukkunnu karaTOI, Hlavookonam kara R; Karipra kara R; Madanthacode R; Ottakkal kara R; Thenmala kara TOl,Ph4,R,Rly. kara R; Vakanad karaPOl,R;Nedumankavu kara POI, Arienkavu village:--Achankovil kara POl,R;Hillkara R. Veliyam vtllage:-Chepra kara POI; Odana­ POI,R; Kazhuthayuritty kara PO I ,R,Rly; Edapa­ v.-lttom kara POI,R; Kizhekkekara POI,R. Omman­ layam kara R,Rly; Arienkavu kara POI,Chl,R,Rly. noor village:-Nellikunnam kara POI; Ommannoor Kulathupuzha village:-Maravanchira kara R; Ezham~ bra pal; Valakom ~ara POI; Vayakal kara POL kulam kara R; Marthandankara POI,R; Kulathu­ Elamadu v-illage:-Nettayam kara R; Chcruvakal kara puzha kara POl,Phl,R; Kandanchira kara R; Chozhi­ POI,R; Elamadu kara POI,R; Cheriyavelinalloor kara yakkode kara PO I ,R. Yeroor village :-Archal kara R; Arkannoor kara R. Pooyappally village:­ POI; Ayilare kara POI,R; Nettayam kara R; Yeroor Kottara kara R; Maruthamonpally kara R; Pooya­ kara POI, R; Pazhayeroor kara POI,R. Punalur ppally kara POI, R; Chenkulam kara R; Payakodu village :-Punalur Padinjarekara PO I,TO I ,PhI ,Rj kara R. Velinallur village:-Oyoor kara POI, R; Punalur Kizhakkekara RHI,R,Rly; Maniyar kara R. Kalavayal kara R; Karingannoor kara R; Nettayam Pidavoor village:-Pidavoor kara POI,R,W; Kamu­ kara R; Cheruvakkal kara POI; Cheriyavelinallur kancheri Thekku kara R; Naduvannoor kara R. kara POI. Chadayamangalam village:-Poredom Pattazhi village:-Thazhathu Vadakku kara R. kara POl,R; Vellupara kara R; Idakkodu kara R; Nadutheri kara R; Kannimel kara POI,R; Earathu Poonkodll kara R; Akkonam kara R; Chadayaman­ Vadakku kara POI,R,W. Thalavoor village:-Kura galam kara POI, R; Kuriyodu kara R; Kaithakodu kara POI, R; Njarakkadu kara POI,Rly. Vilakkudi karOl R: Vellari kara R; Mulayakonam kara R; Muru­ village:-Karyara kara R; Vilakkudi kara R; Kunni­ kamon kara R; Nilamel kara POI, RHI,R. Kadakkal kkode kara POl,TOl,Phl,R,Rly; Avaniswaram kara village:-Ilapazhannoor kara POI,R; Idathara kara R; Ilambal kara POl,R. Karavalloor village:­ R; Kadakkal 'A' kara R; Kadakkal 'B' kara R; Venchempu kara POI; Karavaloor kara POI. Muthayil kara R; Kadakkal 'C' kara R; Kadakkal, Arakkal village:-Podiyattuvila kara R; Thadikkad 'D' kara POI, R;' Kummil kara POI, R. Chithara kara POI,R; Arakkal kara R. Anchal village:­ villag(':--Chithara 'A' kara R; Chithara 'B' kara R; Eram kara R; Cheranadu kara R; Vadaman kara R; Chithara 'C' kara R; Chiravoor 'A' kara P02,R; Panayanachery kara R; Agasthyacode kara R; Tha­ Chiravoor 'C' kara R; Muthayil 'B' kara POI; Mathira zhamel kara POI, TOI,Phl,R. Edamulackal village:­ eA' kara POI; Chiravoor 'D' kara R. Ittiva village:­ Vayeyithal kara R; Kambakode kara R~ Ayoor kara Ittiva kara POI; Thekkekottukal kara POl,R; Vada­ pal, R; Perungullur kara RHl, R; Mathirappa kara kkekottukal kara R. R; Edamulackal kara POI, R; Padinjattumkara R; Chempakaramanellur kara R. Alayamon village:­ Alayamon kara P02, R; Moongode kara POl,R

5 ELECTRIFICATION FACILITIES

E for Electricity E(I) for Indus~rial use ECA) for Agricultural use E(D) for Domestic use

Pathanamthitta Taluk Mallapuzhasseri village :-Keezhukara E (D); Melu R·tral:- kara E (D); Kozhencherry kara E (D); Vanchitrakara Angadi village:-Angadi kara E, ECD); Vengali E (D); Mallapuzhasseri kara E(D); Kunnathukara kara E(D) ;Pullupuram kara E,E(D) ;Varavoor kara (E). E(D); Kadavon kara E (D); Onthekadu kara E (D); Pazhavangadi village:-Pazhavangadi kara E(D); Karthaviam kara E(D); K

71 10614198 C AMENITIES

kara E\D~; Prakanam kara E(D); Thompamon Eram Padeetakkara E, E(D); Thekkum Muri Kizhakku kara E(D). Omalloor village:-Puthenpeedika kara kara E, E(D); Vadakkum Muri Kizhakku kara E(D); E(D); Mannaramala hra E(D); Meloottubhagom Manappali Thekku kara E(D); Manappali Vadakku k;>.ra ElD); Imalikizhekku kara E(D); Manjinikara kara E(D). Thodiyoor village:-Muzhangodi kara E(D); Mullanikadu kara E(D). Naranganam village:­ E, E(l), ECD); KalleIibhdgom kara E, E(I), E(D). Naranganam kara E(D). Pathanamthitta village:­ Kulasekharapuram village :-Kuzhithura kara E, Ve1tipram kara E(D); Mylapra kara E(D); Kunda­ E(D); Alappadu kara E(D); Athinad Thekku kara monhra E(D); Kulasekharapathi kara E(D); Valan­ E,E(D); Athinad Vadakku kara E(D). Karunaga­ duozhi kara E(D); Maroor kara E(D); Azhoor kara pally village:-CheriazhaeekaI kara E, E(l), E(D); E(D); Chittoor kara E(D). Konnithazham village:­ Pandarathuruthu kanJ E, E(D); Vellanathuruthu Konnithazham bra E(D~. Vallicode village:­ kara E, E(D); Kozhikkodu Kizhakku kara E, E(D); Narid.[)'.1ram kara EID); Kaipattoor bra E(D); Kozhikkodu Mekku kara E, E(D); Maruthoor Kulan­ Vazh'lffiuttam bra E(D). Pramadam village:­ gara Thekku kara E, E (D); Maruthoo!' Kulangara Pramadam kard, WD); Vettoor kara E(D); Elakolloor Vadakku kara ECD); Nambaruvikalakara E(D); Pada­ kara E(D). Iravon village:-Konnithazham kara nayar Kulangara Vadakku kara E, E(D); Padanayar Em); Iravon kara E(D). Kulangara Thekku kara E, E(l), E (D); Ayanive1i­ kulangara Vadakku kara E, E(D); Ayanivelikulangara Kunnathur Taluk Thekku kara E(D); Kesavapuram kara E(D). Pan­ Rural:- mana viIIage:-Kollaka kara E, E(D); Vadakkum­ PeringKandachira Rood'll village :-KoodaI kara Em), E(I); Kalanjoor kara E, E(D); Choonanchira kara E, E(l) E(D); bra (ED), E(I). Enadimangalam viIIage:-Poothan­ Pampali kara E, EO) 1, E(D); Chathinku1am kara kara Em); Elamanoor kara E(I), E(Dli..,,~roor E, E(l), E (D); Charukattu kara E, E(l), E(D); k'lra E(D). Kuzhiyam l:ara E, E(I), E(D); Chemmakadu kara E, E(l), E(D); Chcrumoodukara E, E(l): E(D); KRru>:iagapally Taluk Idavattom kara E, E(l), E(D). Thrikadavoor Rura!:- . vilIage:-~Murunthal kara E; NjarakkaI bra E, E(l). Thazhava village:-Vadakkum Muri Mekku kar~ E(D); Kottakkakam kara E, E(I), E(D); Kada]­ Err), E(D); Kadathoor kara E(D); Thekkum Mun voor kara E, E(l), E(D); Neeravil kara E. E(I), 72 ELECTRIFICATION FACILITIES

E(D) ; Kureepuzha kara En), E(D) ; J\lathlli E,E(I), E(D); Cantonment ward E, E(I), E(D); kard E, E(D). Quilon \ 111«.gC :--Sakthikulangara Pallithottam ward E, E(I) , E(D); Beach East ward kara E.,E(I) , E(D); Meer -lth,lCherry kara E, E(I), E(I); Beach South ward E; Beach North ward E(I); E\.u); Kannimel kara E, E(I), E(D); Kureepuzha Thamarakulam ward E(I), E(D); Andamukkom kara E, E(I), E'D); Thirumullavaram kara E, South ward E(I), E(D); Andamukkom North ward ErD); AsramOlll kara E, E(D, E(D); Uliakovil kara E(l), E(D); Vadyattukotta ward E(I), E(D); E, E(I), E (D). V a d a k k ev i I a village'­ Vadakkumbhagom ward E(I), E(D); Kottakkagom Pattathanam kara E (I), E(D); Va d a k,k e viI a ward E(I); Cutcherry ward E(I); Palace war.d kara E, E(I), E(D); Ayathil Cherry kara E,E(l), E(l); Thevalli ward E(I); Kaikulangara North E(D); Manakkattll Cherry kara E(D); 1'lulluvila ward E(I) , E(D); Kaikulangara South ward E(D); Cherry kara E, E(D); Panthalathazham kara E, E(D); Tangasseri ward E(D); Punnathala ward E(D); Palathara kara.E, E(D); Thattamala kara E, E(I) Kuret~uzha East ward E(I) ; Kureepuzha West E(D). Eravipuram village:-Thekkevila kara E, E(l), ward E; Manayilkulangara ward E(l). E(D); Kayyalakkal kara E, E(D); Panthrandummuri kara E, E(l), E(D); Pinakkal kara E, E(D); Valathun­ Kotta:rakkal"a Taluk gal Cherry kara E, E(I) , E(D); Tazham kara E, E(D); Rural:- Akolil kara E, E(I) , E(D); Vadakkumcherry kara E; Kulakada village :--Kulakada Thazhathu kara Mayyanadu Cherry kara E, E(l) , E(D); Thek­ E(I) , E(D); Kulakada Kizhakku kara E(D); Erathu­ kumbhagom kara E, E(D). Thrikkovilvattom village:­ kulakada kara ECD); Poovattoor East kara E(I), ThattarkoilamkaraE, E(A), E(D); Cheriyelah kara E, E(D); Poovattoor West kara E(I) , E(D); Puthpor E(D); Chenthapoo k,ara E,E(D); Naduvilakkara E(l), kara ECD); Mylomkulamkara E(D). Mylom viIlage:­ E(D); Cherikkonam kr.ra E, E(D); Thrikkovilvattom Kottathala kara E(I) ; Pall i k k a 1 kara ECI). kara E, E(D); Vettila~nazhim kara E(D); Kurumanna E(D); Inchakadu k a r a E(I) , E(D) kara E, E(D) ; Pankonam kara E(D) ; Kannanalloor kara Melila village :-Padinjattinkara E(D); Chengamanadu E, E~D); Kizhavur kara E, E(D); Puthuchira kara ~, kara E(I) , E(D); Chethadi kara E(D). Kottarakara E(D); Perayam kara E, E(D); Thazhuthala kara E, village :-Kizhakkekara E(I) , E(D); Pazhavatheruvu E(D); North Mylakkadu kara E, E(D). Nadumpana kara E(D); Thrikkannamangal kara E(D); Padinja­ village:- Pazhangalam kara E(I) , E(D); Nallila kara ttinkara E(I) , E(D); Neduvathoor kara E(D); E(D); Puliyila kara E. E(D); Nedumbanakal kara E, Nellikunnam kara E(D). Neduvathoor village:­ E (D). Adichanalloor village:-Thazhuthala Cherry kara Thekkumpuram kara ECD), E(I) ; Avanoor kar E(I) , E(D); Mylakattu Cherry kara E(l) ,E(D); E(D); Neduvathoor kara E(I) , E(D). Pavithres Plakattu Cherry kara E(l), E(D); Adichanalloor waram village:-Thazhom kara E(I) , E(D); Cheru­ Cherry kara E(I) , E(D). Kaythakuzhy Cherry mangad kara E(I); Karikal kara E(I) ; Idavattom kara E(I) , E(D); Kummalloor Cherry kara E(I). kara E(D). Ezhukone village:-Chittakottu kara Mayyanadu village:-Mayyanadu Cherry kara E, E(D); Irumpanangad kara E(I) , E(D).; Ezhukone E(I) , E(D). Paravoor village:-Kurumandal kara kara E(I) , E(D); Thrippilazhikom kara E(I) E(I) ; Kottapuram kara E, E(I) 8. Poothakulam E(D); Kolannoor kara E(I) , E(D); Kakkottur kara village:-Koonayil kara E(D); Kalakkottu kara E(D); E(I) . Thrippilazhikom village:-Thrippilazhikom Nellettie kara E(D) ;Poothakkulam kara ECD), E(I) , kara E(D); Placodu kara E(D); Kuzhimathicadu kara E(A). Meenadu village :-Nedumgolam kara E, E(I) , E(D); Karipra kara E(I) , E(D); Vakanad E(I), E(D); Neenadu kara E,E(D); Chathannoor kara E(D); Nedumankavu kara E(I) , E(D). Veliyam thazhom kara E,E(I)" E(D); Mamballikunnom kara village:-Kizhekkekara E(D). Ommannoor village:­ E,E(I), E(D);, Koyippadu kara E, E(D); Idanadu Nellikunnam kara E(I) , E(D); Vilanthur kara ECD). kara E,E(D); Chathannoor Eram kara E, E(I), E(D); Elamadu village:-Elamadu kara E(D). Pooyap­ Chirakkarathazhom kara E, E(D); Uliyanadu kara E, pally village:-Maruthamonpally kara E(D); Pooya­ E(D); Varinjam, kara E, E(D); Idavattom kara E, ppally kara E(D). Chadayamangalam village:­ E(D); Kulathukonam kara E; E(D). Poredom kara ECD); Idakkodu kara E(D). Chadaya­ mangalam kara E(I) ,E(D); Kuriyodu kara E(D); Urban:- Murukamon kara E(D); Nilamel kara E(I) , E(D). Kundara town:-Kanjinancode ward E, E(I), E(D); Kundara ward E,E(I) ,E(D). Kilikolloor Pathanapu,ram taluk town:-Karikodu ward E, E(I) , E(D); Arunootti­ Rural:- mangalam ward E,E(I) , E(D); Mangadu ward El, Pathanapuram village:-Nadukunnu kara E(l), E(I) , E(D); Kannimel ward E, E(I) , E (D); E(D); Manjallur kara E(I) , E(D); Kundayam kara Kilikollur ward E, E(I) , E(A) , E(D). E(D). Piravanthur village:-Piravanthur kara E(I). Quilon Municipal:-Asramam West ward E(I), Edamon village:-Malayalam Plantation kara E(I) , E(D) ; Asramam Middle ward E(I) 4, E(D) ; Asramam E(D); Chaliyakkara E(I) , E(D); Vellimala kara South ward E, E(I) ECD) ; Asramam East ward E, E(D); Edamon kara ECD); Urukunnu kara E(I), E(I) , E(D); Pattathanam West ward E, E(I) , E(D); Ottakkal kara E(D); Thenmala kara E(D). E(D); Pattathanam East ward E, E(I) , ECD); Kulathupuzha village :-Kulathupuzha kara E(I) , Mundakkal East ward E, E(I) , E(D); Mundakkal E(D). Punalur village:- Arampunna kara E(D); Middle ward E, E(I) , E(D); Mundakkal West ward Punalur Padinjarekara E(I) , E(D); Punalur Kizha-

73 AMENITIES kkekara E(D). 'Pattazhi village:-Kundayam kara E(I), E(D). Edamulackal village:-Ayoor kara Ell) , E(D). Vilakkudi village:-Karyara kara E(I), E(D); Pcrungallur kara E(I),E(D); Edamulackal E(D); Vilakkudi kara E(D) ; Kunnikkode kara E(I), kara E(D); Padinjattumkara E(D); Chempakara­ E(D). Avaniswaram kara E(I) , E(D); Ilambal kara manellur kara E(I) '. E(D). Alayamon village:­ E(I) E(D). Anchal village:-Thazhamel kara Alayamon kara E(D).

6 MISCELLANEOUS

T for Temple C for Church M for Mosque 0 for Others ill for Cinema Theatre DH for Dramatic Hall PH for Public Hall P for Park MT for Market B for' Bank S for Stadium

Pathanamthitta Taluk 01; Chittoor kara 01; Nannukkadu kara 02. Mala­ Rural:- yalapuzha village:-Malayalapuzha Thazham kara Angadi village:-Angadi kara T2,OB,M2,Bl,MT2; 01; Malayalapuzha Eram kara 01. Konnithazham Vengali kara 01; Pullupuram kara 04,T2; Varavoor village :-Vettoor kara T2,01; Konnithazham kara kara 02. Pazhavangadi village :-Pazhavangadi kara 04, M1,MTl. Vallicode village:-Nariapuram kara 010, T2; Karikulam kara Tl,02; Iythaia kara 05. T1,01,M.T1; Vayala North kara T1; Kaipa ttoor kara Chethekkal village:-Ohethekkal kara T2,C2,02;Penta­ 02; Valhcode kara T3, MT1; VazhamuttallJ. kara 02. costhu hall, MTI; Kunnam kara T2,OB,M2,01 ;Penta­ Pramadam village:-Valanchoozhi kara TI, 01; costhu haH MT2. Perunadu village :-Karikulam kara Pramadam kara T1,OS; Vettoor kara T1,01 ; Elakolloor TI' Kakkadu kara TI,OI; Perunadu kara T2,C1,M3, kara Tl, 02; Kottayamkara T2, 05. Konni village:­ BI,MTl. Vadasserikara village:-Oheruku1anji kara Mangaram kara 01; Aruvapalam kara 02. Iravon 04; Kumaramperoor North kara OS, MI,MT2; village:-Konnithazham kara Tl,C2,MTI. Iravon­ Kumaramperoor South kara 05; Vadasserikara T2, kara T2, 03,Ml. 01, MT2, B1. Ranni village:-Perumpuzha kara 01; Mundapuzha kara TI,MTI; Thottamon kara TI, KUDuathur Taluk 01' Vaikom kara 02, Ml; Puthusserimala kara Tl, Rural:- 01;' Mekkozhoor kara TI, 02. Cherukole village:­ Peringanad village:-Pazhakulam East kara TI, Oherukole kara Cl,Tl; Kattoor kara 03,M2; Vaya1a­ 03; Meloor kara 01, MTI ; Malamekkara 01 ; Ammaka­ thala kara CS; Keekozhoor kara 03, T1,MT1. Malla­ ndakara Tl,C1,02,SI; Karuvatta kara OB; Pothady puzhasseri village:-Keezhukara Tl,Ol; Melukara kara MT1; Mundapally kara 03; Thekkummuri T2,01; Kozhencherry kara T2,C2; Vanchitra kara Tl, TI,C1. Adoor village:-Pannivizha kara TI, 02, 01; Mallapuzhasseri kara T4, 02; Parapur kara O~, MTl; Konnamankara Tl,Bl ;Munnalam kara 02; TI' Karamveli kara Tl; Punnakkadu kara TI; Kuzhl­ Kannamkodu kara TI,01,M1; Parakode kara TI, kal~ kara OI,MT1. Elanthoor village:-Elanthoor C2,OT1,MT1,B2. Erath village:-Kottanalloor kara Pariyaram kara TI,04, MTI; Elanthoor Mekku kara 02,MT1; Thuvayoor North kara 01; Choorakode kara TI03' Elanthoor Kizhakku kara TI, 03. Ohenner­ T2, MT 1; Vellakulangara kara 02; Erath kara T 1, ka:a village:-MuUathukonam kara TS, MTI; Ohen­ C2; Chathanoopuzha kara TI, MTl; Vayala kara nerkara TI,C2,MT2; Prakanam kar~ TI,C6; Thompa­ TI,C4,MTI; Puthusseribhagam kara TI,Ol. Pallickal .mon Eram kara TI,OS. Omalloor vIllage:-Cheekanal village':-Pallickal kara TI; Oherukunnam kara 01; kara Cl; Puthenpeedika kara 02; Imali Kizhakku Thottuva kara T2, MTI; Pazhakulam West kara Ml; kara TI; Manjinikara 02; Panniali kara TI,OI; Elampalli kara T2; Thengamom kara 01. Sooranad Attarigham kara T2, 01. Vazhamuttam kara TI, North village:-P ant h ran dum m uri Tl; 01. Naranganam village:-Naranganam kara TI; Anayadi kara Tl,MTl; Naduvilemuri kara MTl; 03 MI O'Salvation army Hall; Kadamanitta kara Thekkemuri T2, Ml, MTI; Idappanayam kara T2;ClO,MTI, 01. Brother Faith Home. Pathanam­ T3; Padinjattum Muri Tl; Padinjattum Kizha­ thitta village:-Vettipram kara Tl,C2; Kumbazha kkummuri kara TI,OI,MT1. Sooranad South village; kara 06,MT2, Kulasekharapathi kara MI; Valan­ Eravichira Naduvil kara TI,Cl, MTI; Eravichira choozhi kara MI; Kodumthara kara TI; Azhoor kara Padinjaru kara CI; Kidangayam No:r..th kara MI,MT;

74 MISCELLA!DlOUS

Kidangayam Naduvil kara TI; Thrikunnapuza South MI,MTI; Maruthoorkulangara Thekku kara T3, kara Ml,MT2; Eravichira Kizhakku kara TI,C2, CI,MI. Maruthoorkulangara Vadakku kara TI; MTl; Inchakkad kara Cl. Poruvazhi village:­ Alappad kara TI,MTI, Bl; Padanayarkulangara Vadakkckara CI, MTI; Edakkattkara TI,CI,MTI; Vadakku kara T3,M4,PHl; Padanayarkulangara Naduvilckara Tl,CI,MTI; Pallikkara TI,C2;Kampladi Thekku kara TI,CTI,MTI, B3; Ayanivelikulangara kara T3; Ambalathubhagom kara T4. Sasthamcotta Vadakku kara TI; Ayanivelikulangara Thekku kara village:-Manakkara T4,C2,MT2; Palhsserikkal kara T I ; Kesavapuram kara T 1. Panmana village :­ Ml; Peruvelikkara TI; Muthupilakkad West kara TI, Kollaka kara TI,CI,MI; Vadakkumthala Kizhakku CI; Karinthottuva kara Tl. "Vest Kallada village:­ kara T2,MI,PHI; Vadakkumthala Mekku kara CI, Kanatharkunnam b.ra TI,CI,Ml. Ayithottuva South MI,MTI; Ponmana kara T2; Chittoor kara MI; kara MTI; Valiapadom kp.ra T3; Koyikkalbhagom Pan mana kara TI; Midappally kara CI, MTI; kara T3,C3, MTl; Naduvilekkara TI,MTI, Bl. Palod kara TI,MI; Nettiyadu kara MTI; Manayil Kunnathur village:-Kunnathur West kara MTI, kara TI; Kanankarabhagom kara Ml. Vazhayil­ BI; Thuruthlkkara TI,CI; Kunnathur East kara TI, bhagom kara MI; Aekalabhagom kara TI,Ml; Mekad CI; Kunnathur Naduvil kara T2; Manampuzha kara kara Tl; Vaduthala kara T2; Chola kara Ml. Chavara T2; IyerkalaPadinjattekaraThekku kara T2;Iverkala village:-Kovilthottam kara CI,CTI, MTI; Karithura Padinjattekara Vadakkukara TI,PI; Iverkala Padinja­ kara C2; Chavara kara T2, MTl; Kulangarabhagom ttekara Naduvil kara TI,MI. Kadampanad village:­ kara T2; Puthucaud kara TI, CI; Kottakakom kara Kadampanad North kara TI,MI; Kadampanad South TI; Thottinuvadukku kara TI; Madapally kara MI, kara C3; Thuvayoor South kara TI, C4, MTI. MTI; Menampally kara MI,MTl. Thekkumbhagom Mannadi Kalakku Padinjaru kara T2; Mannadi village :-Neendakara T3,CI,MTI; Vadakkumbhagom Padinjaru Thazhathu kara MTI; Mannadi Kalakku kara T2; Malibhagomkara TI,MTl; Thekkumbhagom Kizhakku kara TI; Mannadi Kizhakku Naduvil kara kara Cl. Thevalakara village:-Padinjattakara T2, .!'vITI; Memannadilkara TI, CI. Ezhamkulamvillage:­ CI,MI; Palakal kara T2,M2; Koivila South kara TI; Ezhamkulam kara TI,CI,OI; Puramp kara MI; Koivila North kara TI,CI,MI,MTI; Mottakkal kara Nedumon kara C5,03; Arukalikkal West kara T2,C2, MI; Mulikala kara MI; Arinalloor kara TI,CI,MT2; 01; Kadika kara TI,CI,03,MTI; Enath kara T2,CI, Naduvilakara TI,Cl,MI,MTl. Mynagapally village:­ MI,02,CTI, MTI; B2; Elangamangalam kara MI, Vadakkan Mynagapally kara TI,MI ;Thekkan Mynaga­ CI,TI,C4. Kodumon village:-Edathitta kara TI; pally kara Cl,MI; Edavanasery kara MTI; Kadappa Aykkad kara TI; Kodumon kara T2,C3,02,MTI; kara TI, CI,MI,MT2,BI; Kizhakakara TI,MI; Kovoor Angadickal village:-Angadickal Vadakkekara T4, kara T2,CI; Venga kara T2,MTl. 04,MTI; Angadickal Thekkekara T2,CI. Koodal village:-Koodal kara TI,MI,C7,03,MT2; Kalanjoor Quilon Taluk kara TI,C5,03,MTl. Enadimangalam village:­ Rural:- Poothankara TI,OI; Mangad kara TI,C2,01; Ela­ Munro Island village:-Pattamthuruthu kara TI, manoor kara TI,02,MTI; Kunnada kara 01; Kurum­ CI; Pezhamthuruthu kara CI; Nenmani kara TI; pakara 01; Maroor kara TI,C5. Vellimangalam kara TI,C2. East Kallada village:- Koduvila Muri C2, MTl. Koyikkal Muri Karunagapallr Taluk T3; Pazhayar Muri TI ; Maravoor Muri Rural:- TI, CI; Uppukudu Muri kara TI,C3; Thekkc Muri Perunad village :-Prayar Thekku kara Tl,MI; CTI,MT2. Mulavana village:-Perayan kara Perunad kara Tl; Klapana Vadakku kara MI; CI,MI,OI; Mulavana kara CI,M2,01. Kottanakara Klappana Thekku·.kara TI; Perumathazha kara CI; village:-Peroor kara T2; Kottankara MI,MTl; Varavila kara TI; Paikuzhi kara TI,Ml;Valiaku­ Punukannur kara T2,MI,MTI; Perumpuzha kara langara kara TI; Changankulangara kara Tl. T2,C2,Ml. Perinad village:-Perumon kara TI; Krishnapuram viUage:-Memana kara CI, MTl; Chittayam kara CI; Panayam kara TI; Kandachira Njakanal kara Cl; Vyanakathukaranma kara MTI. kara Ml. Chathinakulam kara MI; Charukattu kara Thazhava village:-Vadakkum Muri Mekku kara MT 1 ; CI; Kuzhiyam kara TI; Cherumoodu kara CI,Ml, Kadathoor kara MTI; Thekkum Muri Kizhakku kara MT2; Idavattom kara Ml. Thrikkaruva village:­ TI,CI; Pavumba Vadakku kara TI,MTI; Pavumba Ashtamudi kara T2; Vadakkekara TI; Inchavila Thekku kara MTI. Thodiyoor village :-Puliyoorvanchi kara CI; Naduvilachery kara TI,CI; Prakulam kara V;,.d .. kku karaMI; ThodiyoorkaraMI; Vengara kara T2,CI,MTI; Thekkechery kara TI,MI,MTI; Njarakkal TI; Puliyoorvanchi Thekku kara TI,CI; Muzhangodi kara Tl. Thrikadavoor village:-Murunthal kara kara TI,Ml,MTI; Kallelibhagom kara TI,CI,MT2. T2,MI,BI; Njarakkal kara MTI; Kadavoor kara Kulasekharapuram village :-Alappadu kara T3; Athi­ TI,CI; Kureepuzha kara TI,Ml. Quilon village: nad Thekku kara T7, Ml,MT2, Athinad Vadakku kara Sakthikulangara kara T2,CI,MTl; Meenathucherry T3, Kottakkupuram kara T3; Neelikulam kara Ml; kara T2,C2,CTI,MTI; Kannimel kara T5; Kuree­ Karunagapally kara TI; Kadathoor kara TI; Punna­ puzha kara T2; Asramom kara MTI. Uliakovil kara kulam kara Tl. Karunagapally village :-Cheria­ T2. Vadakkevila village-Pattathanam kara TI,CI, zheekal kara T2; Pandarathuruthu kara TI,CI; MTI; Vadakkevila kara TI,CI,MTl. Ayathilcherry Vellanathuruthu kara T2; Kozhikkodu Kizhakku kara MI,MTl; Manakkattucherry kara TI; Mullu kara T2; Kozhikkodu Mekku kara Tl,Cl, vilacherry kara TI; Panthalathazham kara TI,MTI; 75 AMENITIES

Palathara kara T1. Eravipuram village:-Thekkevila Palace ward TI,MTI; Thevalli ward T1,01,PI; kara T13,Ml,01,DRI,BI; Kayyalakkal kara 01; Kaikulangara North ward T3,PI; Tangasseri ward Panthrandummuri kara T2,MI; Pinakkal kara TI; C2, Remains of old Tgngc_sseri Fort; Punnathala Valathungal Cherry kara T4; Tazham kara MI; Akoli1 ward T2,CI; Kureepuzha East ward MTI; Kuree­ kara T3, Ml; Vadakkumcherry kara T2,C2,MT1; puzha West ward T3,MI; Manayilkulangara ward Mayyanadu Cherry kara MTl; Thekkumbhagom kara T2,CI,Ml. T2,C2. Thrikkovilvattom village:-Thattarkonam kara Tl ,Ml; Cheriyelah kara C2; Chenthapoo kara Kottarakara Taluk C1; Naduvi1akkara Cl,MT2. Cherikkonam kara C2; Rural:- Thrikkovilvattom kara T4; Vettilathazhim kara MTl; Kulakada village:-Ku1akada Thazhathu kara Kurumanna kara T3; Pankonam kara MT 1; Kanna­ TI; Ku1akada Kizhakku kara TI,C4; Erathukulakada nalloor kara Cl,MI,MT2; Kizhavur kara T1; Pera­ kara T2; Poovattoor East kara T1,C4, MT2; Poovat­ yam kara T1; Thazhathala kara MT1. North toOl' West kara T3; Attuvasseri kala T2, CI; Puthoor Mylakkadu kara T1,Cl; Mylapur kara M1. Nedum­ kara T2,01; Mylomkulam kara TI,CI; VendaI' kara pana village:-Pazhangalam kara T2,CI; Nallila kara T4; Perumkulam kara T2, C2. Mylom village:­ T4,01,Bl; Puliyila kara T3, MI; Nedumbanakal kara Kottathala kara T2; Pallikkal kara T2,Cl,MI; In­ Tl,MI; Muttakkavu kara Tl,Ml; Kundamon kara chakadu kara T2,C2; Arithamon kara CI; Kalaya­ Tl,Ml; Pallimon kara TI,OI,B1. Adichanalloor puram kara TI,03; Thamarakudi kara TI,03; village:-Thazhuthala Cherry kara TI,Cl,Ml,Ol, Mylom kara T2, C2; Pulamon kara T1,CI. MeliIa MTI. Mylakattu Cherry kara T3, MTI; Plakkattu village:-Iyapalloor kara 04; Padinjattinkara T4. Cherry kara Tl; Adichanalloor Cherry kara T2,C2, 01; Ohengamanadu kara 01, MTl; Villoor kara T1. MTl; Kaythakuzhy Cherry kara Cl, 02,B1; Kum­ C4; Melila Kizhekkekara T 1. Vettikavala village:­ malloor Cherry kara C2,01. Mayanadu village:­ Thettiyode kara Cl; Irannoor kara TI; Uliyanadu Pinackal Cherry kara TI,MI,Pl; Vadakkumkc_ra kara 01; Karikamittom kara 01, MTl; Panaveli kara Kizhakke Cherrykara Tl,Ml, CTI,Pl; Naduvilakkara MTl; Ta1achira kara C2, MI,MTI; Chakkuvarakkal Cherry kara T1,MTl; Ayiramthengu Cherry kara kara T2,C5. Kottarakara village:-Mus1im Street kara TI,Cl; Thekkumkara Cherry kara CI,Ml,Pl; Mayya­ MI; Kizhakkekkara T4,C3,OTI,MTI,B4; Pazhaya­ nadu Cherry kara T3, C3,MI,P2,MTl,B2. Paravoor theruvu kara 01; Thrikkannamangal kara TI,03; village:-Kurumandal kara T4,CT1,Sl; Koonayil Padinjattinkara T3; Neduvathoor kara TI; Neela,,­ kara T4; Kottapuram kara T3; Pozhikkara T3; Kongal waram kara TI; Ambalapuram kara Tl. Neduvathoor kara T5, C1; Thekkumbhagom kara T1,C2. Pootha­ village:-Thekkumpuram kara T1,05,MTI; Thevala­ kkulam village:-Koonayil kara TI; Kalakkottu kara puram kara T3,C4; Kottathala kara TI; Vallom kara T4,CI,MI,?1,SI; Nellettic kara Tl; Poothakkulam Tl; Amakottoor kara 01; Neduvathoor kara T2, kara T3,M2. Meenadu village:-Nedumgolam kara OI,MTI; Neelaswaram kara 01; Annoor kara Tl. Tl; Meenadu'kara T3; Chathanoorthazhom kara Ml, Pavithreswaram village:-Thazhom kara T2,01; T3,CI,Pl,MTI; Mamballikunnom kara T2; Koyi­ Cherumangad kara T3; Karika1 kara T3,01; Kaitha­ ppadu kara T2; Idanadu kara Tl; Chathannoor kodu kara T2,02; Pavithreswaram kara T3,02; Eram kara Tl,Cl,MTl; Uliyanadu kara TI; Idava­ Idavattom kara TI,01. Ezhikone village:-Karu­ ttom kara Tl. Kalluvathukkal village:-Varinjam veli kara 02, TI; Ohittakottu kara TI; Irumpanangad kara Tl,C2; Mevanakonam kara T2; Vilavoorkonam kara T2; Ezhukone kara T3, MT 1; Thrippilazhikom kara Cl,Ml; Illamkulamthazham kara T2. kara 03, MI; Puthusserikonam kara TI; Edakodu kara TI; Ohovallur kara 'p; Idakodom kara TI; Urban:- Ko1annoor kara 02; Kakkottur kara Tl. Thri­ Kundara town :-Kanjirakode ward C4, MT2; ppilazhikom village:-Thrippi1azhikom kara 03; Kundara ward T1,C3,MTI; Punnukunnur (Portion) Idakodam kara T2, MTI; Placodu kara CI, MTI; ward T2,Bl; Perumpuzha (Portion) ward Tl,MTl. Kuzhimathicadu kara T2,CI; Illavookonam kara T1; Kilikollur town:-Karikodu ward Tl,Cl; Arunoot­ Karipra kara TI,Ol; Madanthacode kara TI; Vakanad timangalam ward TI,Ml; Mangadu ward T2,CI, kara T2; Nedumankavu kara TI,MTI. Veliyam 04; Kannimel ward T3,M2,04,Pl,B1; Kilikollur village:-Muttara kara TI; Kudavattoor kara TI; ward T2,M1,09, CTl, Bl. Quilon Municipal:­ Ohepra kara 01; Odanavattom kara T2, 04, MTI; Asramam West ward T 1 ; Asramam Middle Kizhakkekara TI,MTI, Bl. Ommannoor village:­ ward TI,B}; Asramam South ward T3,C1,Pl,MTl; Nellikunnam kara Ol,Ml,MTI; Vilangara kara T2, Asramam East ward Tl; Pattathanam West ward C2, 01,MTI; Neduvancavu kara T1; Ommannoor kara M1, DR1; Pattathanam East ward T3,CI; Mundakka1 TI,CI,MTl; Valakom kara CI,MT2; Andoor kara East ward T1,MI,MT1; Mundakkal Middle ward T2, TI,Ol; Polikottu kara TI,MTl; Melkulangara kara el,OI; Mundakka1 West ward TI; Cantonment ward MI; Vayakal kara T2,01,MTl. Elamadu village:­ TI,C2,MI,CTI,DHl,Old canon 5; Pallithottam ward, Parankode kara TI; Nettayam kara 01; Oheru­ C1,Ml,PI; Beach East ward C1; Beach South ward vakal kara TI,03,MTI; Vengoor bra 06j M2,C1; Beach North ward TI,C2; Andamukkom South E1amadu kara T4,CI,MTI; Cheriyavelinalloor kara wafd T2,01, MTI; Andamukkom North ward T2, TI, MI; Arkannoor kara MTI. Pooyappally M4,CTI, MTI, B5; Vadyattukotta ward TI,OI,MI, village :-Kottara kara TI; Maruthomonpally kara B14: Vadakkumbhagom ward Cl; Kottakkagom ward T3,C3; Pooyappal1y kara TI,C2,MTlj Kayila kara TI,CI,MI,CTI; Cutcherry ward TI,CI,MI, CTI; TI; Nelliparambu kara TI; Kozhikottu kara TI, 76 MISCELLANEOUS

GJ; Chenkulam kara MI. Velinallur village:-Oyoor Hillkara Cl; Kazhuthayuritty kara MTJ ; Edapalayam kara Tl,MTl; Kalavayal kara TI; Ugramkunnu kara 01; Arienkavu kara Tl,02,MTl, Kulathupuzha kara TI, Karingannoor kara MTI; Meeyana kara Ml; village :-Ezhamkulam kal,l Cl; "-hnhandankara 02; Nettayam kara MI,MTI; Cheruvakkal kara Tl; Kulathupuzha kara TI,C3,Ml,MTl: Chozhlyakkodl" Neduveli kara Ml; Cheriyavelinallur kara Tl, Cl, kara C1. Yeroor village:-AiranaJbr kara 01; YeroO" Ml; Atturkonam kara MI. Chadayamangalam kara TI, CI,Ml,.\1Yl; Panyan rh~lkoyJkbl bra TI, village:-Poredom kara TI,MI,MTl. Vellupara kara MY1; Th'Jmbodu kara Cl; PaZh'l)'r-'T()O' kala C2. TI; Idakkodu kara MTl; Poonkodu kara Ml; ,Chad

77

,{ill} INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS

INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS

The description of the codes used in the succeeding pages is furnished below:-

Code Description Code Description 048 Manufacture of gut from intestines of cattles 273 Tailonng 200.1 Production of copra 274 Manufacture of quilts and mattress 200.2 Processing of areca-nut 277 Manuracture of COil' and coil' product!! 200.3 Ricc and flour mill 278.1 Manulacture and assembling of umbrellas and 200.4 Production of rice, flour etc. by handpounding production of spare-parts of umbrellas 200.5 Processing of cardamom, ginger, pepper, etc. 278.2 Repairill~ of umbrellas 201 Production of sugar from sugracane in mills 280 Sawing of wood 202 Production of indigenous sugar, gur from 281 Manufacture of wooden furniture and fixture2 sugarcane and production of sugar candy 2B2 Manufacture of structural wooden goods such 203.1 Canning and preservation of fi'uits and as doors, beams, etc. production of jam, jelly etc. 283 Manufacture of wooden industrial goods such 203.2 Processing and preservation of cashewnut!l as pal ts of handlooms, ambarcharka, bobbins, etc. 204.1 Slaughtering of cattle 284 Manufacture of wooden utensils, photoframCl. 204.2 Preservation of fish, frog's legs, etc. toys etc. and photoframing 205 Bakery 285 Manufacture of veneer, plywood and match 206 Production of dairy products splinters 207.1 Oil mill including sharkliver oil factories 286 Manufacture of plywood products such as 207.2 Extraction of oil by ghani tea-chest etc. 208 Manufacture of hydrogenated oil 287 Manufarture of wooden boxes and packing 209 Manufacture of 'aviI' tbeaten rice), 'appalam' case~ etc. 288 Cane industry including basket-weaving etc. 210 Production of brandy, vinegar, etc. 289 Manufar.1ure of miscellaneous wooden articles 214 Manufacture of soda'water, lemonade, etc. such as sticks, sandals, rulers, etc. 215 Manufacture of ice 290 Manufacture of paper and paper-board in 216 Manufacture of icecream mills Processing, packing and distribution of tea 291 Manufacture of paper-board and paper by 217 hand 218 Processing, grinding, packing and distribution of coffee 292 Making of paper boxes, bags, envelopes, etc, 300 Printing and publishing of newspapers and 219 Manufacture of syrup (beverages) period ir.als 220 Manufac;ture of bidi 301 PrintiIlg and publishing of books Manufacture of cIgar 221 302 Miscellaneous printing works including type 224 Manufacture of tobacco snuff cutting Manufacture of chewing tobacco 225 303 Book~binding Cotton ginning, cleaning, pressing, etc. 230 310 Currying, tanning and finishing of leather 231 Cotton spinning other than in mills hides and skins ' 232 Cotton spinning and weaving in mills 311 Manufacture of leather shoes and chappaIs Dyeing and bleaching of cotton 233 313 Manufacture of leather products such as 234 Cotton weaving in powerlooms suitcase, bags, etc. 235 Handloom-weaving 314 Repairing Df leather shoes and chappals 236 Khadi weaving III handloom 320.1 Manufacture of tyres and tubes 237 Printing of cotton textiles 320.2 Retreading of tyres 239 Manufacture of cotton thread, rope, twine, etc. 320.3 Vuicanising and repairing of tyres d.ud tubes ~41 Jute spinning 322 Manufacture of rubber gloves, etc. 244 Manufacture ofjute products includinO' repair- 323 Manufacture of rubber products such as ing of gunny bags '" rubber-sheets, nipple and rubber shoes in­ cluding smoke-rubber 264 Weaving of silk by handloom 271 Manufacture of hosiery goods 330 Manufacture of chemicals such as sodium silicate, copper sulphate, lotion, caustic 272 Making of embroidery products soda, insecticides, etc.

106IU98 C INDUSTBL\L ESTAllLISHMBNTS

Code Description Code Description

33 Manufacture of paints, varnish, indigo, dhobi­ 369 Manufacture of agricultural implements, blue, dyes, colours, etc. screws, etc. (blacksmithy and foundry) 332 Manufacture of fertilizers like bone-meal, 370 Manufacturing, assembling and repairing of Ammonium sulphate, etc. machinery such as water pumps, oil mill 333 Manufacture of crackers and fireworks chuck, etc. 334 Manufacture of matches 372 Manufacture of small machine tools and 335.1 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, machine parts ayurvedic medicines, etc. 373 Manufacture of sewing machine parts and 335.2 Manufacture of 'agarbathi' and other cos­ assembling and repairing of sewing metics machines 336 Manufacture of soaps 374 Manufacture of electrical machinery and 337 Manufacture of plastic products such as name repairing of electric motors, armature wind~ plates, etc. ing, etc. 375.1 Manufacture of electric fans 339 Manufacture of lemongrass oil, ~hewnut shell oil, ink-powder, candle, etc. 375.2 Repairing of electric fans 340 Manufacture of bricks and tiles 377 Charging and repairing of batteries 341.1 Manufacture of cement 378 Repairing of radios, microphones, etc. 341.2 Manufacture of cement products such as 379 Manufact~re of el~ctric meters, production well-kerbs, tubs, tubes, closets, etc. of electtlc and allIed products and repairing 342 Manufacture of lime of electrical appliances, etc. 243 Manufacture of structural stone goods, stone 380 Repairing of locomotives crushing, stone-carving, stone dressing, 382 Body-building of motor vehicles marble carving, etc. 383 Manufacture and repairing of motor engine S44 Manufacture of stonewares parts and accessories 345 Manufacture of stone images 384 Servicing and repairing of motor vehicles 350 Pottery 385.1 Manufacture of cycles 351.1 Manufacture of chinaware and crockery 385.2 Manufacture of cycle parts and accessories 351.2 .,Manufacture of large containers of chinawale 386.1 Manufacture and repair of boats and barges 355 Manufacture of clay models 386.2 Repairing of boats 357.1 Manufacture of glass and glass products 388 Repairing of bicycles 357.2 Manufacture of glass products such as mirrors 389 Manufacture and repairing of animal.drawn 359 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products and hand-drawn vehicles such as titanium dioxide, pigments, rayon 390 Repairing of photographic equipment, specta- and cellulose, ilmenite, monazite and imita­ cles, etc. tion diamonds 391 Manufacture of medical instruments 362 Manufacture and repairing of fire arms and 392 Repairing of watches and clocks weapons 393 Manufacture of jewellery 364 Manufacture of iron and steel furniture 394 Manufacture, repair and tuning of musical 365 Manufacture and repairing of brass and bell~ instruments metal products 395 Manufacture of pen, pencil, pen-holders, 360 Manufacture of aluminium utensils and other rubber stamps etc. products 396 Manufacture of sp~rts goods, baloons, etc. ~67 Manufacture of tin-cans and copper vessehl 399.1 Ivory-carving and ivory works 3GB Electroplating, tin plating, welding etc. 399.2 Miscellaneous industries

82 INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS

(This table gives the total number of industrial establishments arranged in ascending order of minor groups. The first figure is the number of minor group and the figure within brackets is the number of esta­ blishments)

Q.uilon District 343 (1), 365 (3), 367 (7), 369 (88), 377 (3), 378 (1), TOTAL:-200.1 (150), 200.2 (3), 200,3 (262), 384 (12), 388 (12), 392 (6), 393 (59). 200.4 (27),203.1 (1),203.2 (167),204.1 (4),204.2 Rural:- (118),205 (70),206 (1),207.1 (88),207.2 (17),209 200.1 (6), 200.2 (3), 200.3 (29), 200.4 (6), (34),214 (.103),215 (2),216 (1), 217 (16), 218 (8), 220 205 (9),207.1 (15),209 (2),214 (8), 217 (9),220 (90), (2355), 230 (1), 231 (6), 232 (1), 233 (4), 235 (296), 231 (1),235 (4),236 (3),273 (37), 280 (5), 281 (15), 236 (3), 237 (2),241 (3),273 (795),274 (1) '1.77 (197), ~a4 (4),288 (6), 302 (IS), 303 (7),311 (3),314 (17), 278.1 (3), 278.2 (6) 280 (77),281 (139), 282 (2),283 320.3 (3), 323 (66),335.1 (17),342 (5),343 (1),365 (2),284(17),285(1),287 (45),288 (37),239 (13),290 (3), 367 (7), 369 (88), 377 (3), 378 (1), 384 (12), 388 (1), 300 (6), 301 (3), 302 (66), 303 (25),310 (3),311 (12), 392 (6), 393 (59). (65),313 (4), 314 (27), 320.2 (10), 320.3 (22), 323 (121), 330 (2), 331 (4), 333 (~), 334 (17), 335.1 Villages:- (186),336 (22),339 (10), 340 (59),341.2 (9), 342 (35), Angadi 200.1 (1),200.3 (1),207.1 (2),220 (1), 343 (1), 350 (52), 351.1 (2), 355 (1), 359 (4), 365 273 (3),281 (2),311 (1),369 (2),393 (4). Pazhavan, (13), 367 (60), 368 (4), 369 (484),370 (1),374 (1), 377 gadi 200.1 (2),200.3 (1),205 (1),207.1 (1),220 (3)- (8),378 (5), 379 (6),383 (5), 384 (94), 385.2 (4),386.1 273 (2), 280 (2), 281 (3), 284 (2), 288 (3), 302 (1), (4), 388 (201), 389 (2),392 (49), 393 (499), 394 (1), 303 (1), 311 (2), 314 (1), 323 (5), 343 (1), 365 (1) 395 (3), 399.2 (1). 369 (10),377 (1),384 (2), 393 (3). Chethekka1214 (1), 217 (1), 273 (1), 280 (1), 314 (1), 323 (26), 342 (2), Rural:- 369 (12),393 (2). Perunadu 217 (4),281 (2),323 (25), 200.1 (142),200.2 (3),200.3 (236),200.4 (26), 335.1 (7),369 (10), 392 (1). Vadasserikara 200.2 (1), 203. 1(1), 203 . 2 (134), 204. 1 (2), 204.2 (113), 205 (51), 200.3 (1),205 (2),214 (2),220 (1),273 (1), 314 (2), 207.1 (51), 207.2 (15), 209 (25), 214 (84), 215 (1), 323 (2),335.1 (2), 367 (1), 369 (6), 384 (1), 393 (5). 217 (16),218 (4), 220 (2175),230 (1), 231 (5),233 (2), Ranni 200.3 (2), 205 (1), 209 (1), 214 (1), 314 (1), 235 (294), 236 (3), 237 (2), 241 (3), 273 (598), 277 323 (1), 365 (2), 369 (5), 384 (2), 388 (1), 393 (3). (180),278.1 (1),278.2 (5),280 (58),281 (116),282 (2), Cheruko1e 207.1 (1). Mallapuzhasseri 200.3 (5), 284 (12), 285 (1), 287 (8), 288 (36), 289 (8), 290 (1), 205 (2), 207.1 (2), 214 (2), 273 (2), 281 (5), 284 (1), 301 (3),302 (42), 303 (20),310 (1), 311 (39),313 (3), 302 (3), 303 (4), 320.3 (1), 342 (2), 367 (2), 369 (4), 314 (26), 320 2 (5), 320.3 (9), 323 (121), 330 (2), 384 (l), 388 (6), 392 (1),393 (3). Elanthoor 200.4 (1), 333 (8), 334 (5),335.1 (176),336 (11),339 (7),340 (51), 207.1 (1),236 (3),273 (2),302 (1) ,369 (5), 388( 1). Chen­ 341.2 (6), 342 (32), 343 (1), 350 (52), 351.1 (1), nerkara 200.3 (2), 220 (1), 273 (1), 369 (1). Omalloor 359 (4), 365 (7), 367 (29), 369 (442), 370 (1), 377 (4), 200.3 (5),220 (43),235 (1), 314 (1),369 (1), 393 (2). 378 (3), 379 (2), 384 (51), 385.2 (1), 386.1 (4), 388 Naranganam 200.3 (1),369 (2). Pathanamthitta 200.3 (148), 389 (2), 392 (33), 393 (424). . (3),200.4(1),205(2),207.1 (4),214(1),220 (33),273 (10),280 (1),281 (2),284 (1),288 (3),302 (8),314 (9), Urban:- 320.3 (2),323 (1),335.1 (7),367 (3),369 (11),377 (2), 200. 1 (8), 200.3 (26), 200.4 (1), 203.2 (33), 378 (1),384 (6), 388 (2), 392 (3),393 (24). Ma1ayala­ 204.1 (2), 204.2 (5), 205 (19), 206 (1), 207.1 (37), puzha 217 (1j, 273 (3),323 (3),369 (3). Konnithazham 207.2 (2),209 (9),214 (19), 215 (1),216 (1), 218 (4), 231 (1),273 (1), 369 (1), Vallicode 200.1 (3),200.3 220 (180), 231 (1),232 (1), 233 (2),235 (2),273 (197), (2),200.4 (4),207.1 (3),220 (3),273 (5),280 (1),281 274 (1), 277 (17), 278.1 (2)~ 278.2 (1), 280 (19), (1),302 (1),367 (1), 369 (I), 393 (3); Pramadam 200.2 281 (23), 283 (2), 284 (5), 287 (37), 288 (1), 289 (5), (1), 200.3 (3), 205 (1), 207.1 (1), 209 (1),235 (2), 300 (6), 302 (24), 303 (5), 310 (2), 311 (26), 313 (1), 273 (1),314 (1), 335.1 (1),342 (1),369 (4), 388 (1), 314 (1), 320.2 (5), 320.3 (13), 331 (4), 334 (12), 393 (2). Konni 200.2 (1) 200.3 (3),217 (2),220 (5), 335.1 (10), 336 (11), 339 (3), 340 (8), 341.2 (3), 235 (1), 273 (5), 302 (1) 303 (2), 314 (1), 323 (3), 342 (3),351.1 (1),355 (1), 365 (6), 367 (31), 368 (4), 369 (3), 388 (1), 392 (1), 393 (8). lravon 214 (I), 369 (42), 374 (1), 377 (4), 378 (2), 379 (4), 383 (5), 217 (1),369 (2). Ranni-l0 F 369 (5). 384 (43), 385.2 (3), 388 (53), 392 (16), 393 (75), 394 (1), 395 (3), 399.2 (1). Kunnathur Taluk

Pathanatnthitta TaJuk TOTAL:-200.1 (7),200.3 (48),203.2 (5), 205 (4), 207.1 (2), 207.2 (2),209 (3),214 (12), 218 (1),220 (424), TOTAL:- 200.1 (6),200.2 (3),200.3 (29),200.4 235 (16), 273 (56), 277 (1), 280 (5), 281 (7), 284 (1), (6),205 (9), 207.1 (IS), 209 (2), 214 (8), 217 (9), 288 (1), 289 (1), 302 (4), 303 (4), 311 (8), 320.2 (3), 220 (90), 231 (1), 235 (4), 236 (3), 273 (37), 280 (5), 323 (29), 335.1 (28), 336 (3), 339 (1), 340 (17), 342 (4), 281 (IS), 284 (4), 288 (6), 302 (15), 303 (7), 311 (3), 350 (6), 365 (1), 367 (2), 369 (73), 384 (2), 388 (15) 314 (17), 320.3 (3),323 (66),335.1 (17),342 (5), 389 (2), 392 (4), 393 (55).

83 10614198 C INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS

Hural:- Villages :- 200.1 (7),200.3 (48),203.2 (5),205 (4),207.1 (2), Peruniid 200.l \9),200.3 (11),205 \1),207.2 (4), 907.2 (2), 209 (3), 214 (12), 218 (1), 220 (424), 235 209 (7), 220 (97), 235 (1), 273 (14), 277 (16), 284 (1), f16), 273 (56), 277 (1), 280 (5), 281 (7), 284 (1), 288 288 (1), 333 (2), 365 (1), 367 (2), 369 (13), 388 (4), 1), 289 (1), 302 (4), 303 (4), 311 (8), 320.2 (3), 392 (1),393 (7). Krishnapuram 200.1 (6), 200.3(4), 3:lj \29),335.1 (28),336 (3),339 (1),340 (17), 342 (4), 200.4 (1), 207.1 (1), 207.2 (3), 214 (2), 220 (15), 350 (6), 365 (1), 367 (2), 369 (73), 384 (2), 388 (15), 231 (1),235 (3),273 (4),277 (11),288 (14),311 (2), 389 (2), 392 (4), 393 (55). 369 (5),384 (1), 393 (5). Thazhava 200.1 (4),200.3 (2),220 (66), 235 (1),273 (11),288 (1), 311 (1),335.1 Villages:- (8),342 (3),369 (6),388 (3), 393 (4). Thodiyoor 200.1 Peringanad 200.3 (3), 220 (3), 235 (2), 273 (5), (2),200.3 (1),203.2(1),207.1 (1),214 (1),220 (40), 303 (2),311 (1),369 (12). Adoor 200.3 (6),205 (2), 273 (4),281 (2), 335.1 (4),340 (I3), 369 (2), 388 (1), 207.2 (2),209 (1),214 (2), 218 (1),220 (100), 273 (9), 393 (1). Kulasekharapuram 200.1 (2), 200.3 (7), 280 (3), 281 (2), 284 (1), 302 (3), 311 (5), 320.2 (3), 203.2 (2), 204.2 (26), 214 (1), 220 (81), 235 (1), 335.1 (8), 365 (1), 367 (2), 369 (5), 273 (15),281 (2),335.1 (7),339 (1),341.2 (1), 369 (2), 384 (2),388 (1),392 (4), 393 (15). Erath 200.3 (1), 386.1 (1), 388 (4), 393 (11). Karunagapally 200.1 209 (1), 220 (4), 273 (2), 369 (8), 388 (1), 393 (3). (20), 200.3 (12), 200.4 (1), 204 1 (2), 204.2 (85), Pallickal 200.3 (2), 273 (1), 350 (2), 388 (2), 393( 1). 205 (6),207.1 (2),214 (6), 220 (94), 235 (39),273 (28), Sooranad North 200.3 (3),220 (18), 273 (3),281 (1), 277 (1), 281 (4), 284 (2), 302 (4), 303 (1), 311 (2), 335.1 (2) 369 (2), 388 (1),393 (4). Sooranad South 335.1 (7), 339 (1), 367 (3), 369 (3), 378 (1), 384 (4), 200.3 (2), 220 (33), 235 (10), 273 (7),281 (1), 335.1 386.1 (1),388 (6), 392 (1),393 (18). Panmana 200.1 (2), 340 (15), 369 (5). Poruvazhi 220 (6), 273 (2), (13),200.3 (6),200.4 (3),205 (1),214 (2), 220 (149), 350 (2), 369 (3), 388 (1), 389 (1), 393 (5). Sastham­ 273 (28),277 (2), 278.2 (1),281 (4), 282 (1), 302 (1), cotta 200.1 (1),200.3 (3),203.2 (2),214 (1),220 (18), 311 (2),335.1 (3),369 (7), 384 (1), 388 (10), 393 (15). 235 (2), 273 (2),302 (1),335.1 (6), 340 (1), 369 (6), Chavara 200.1 (14),200.3 (3), 200.4 (2), 207.1 (I), 388 (2), 393 (3). West Kallada 200.1 (6), 200.3 (5), 207.2 (1),214 (1), 220 (67), 273 (43),277 (16),280 (1), 207.1 (1), 214 (3),220 (50),273 (12), 277 (1), 280 (1), 281 (6), 288 (1), 302 (1), 311 (2), 333 (2), 335.1 (4), 335.1 (5), 340 0), 369 (5), 388(1),389 (1), 393 (3). 340 (1),341.2 (1), 359 (3),369 (12),384 (1),388 (3), Kunnathur 203.2 (1),220 (1), 273 (1),289 (1),369 (1), 392 (1),393 (7). Thekkumbhagom 200.1 (2),200.4 (1), 393 (3). Kadampanad 200.3 (5), 203.2 (1), 214 (2), 214 (2), 215 (1), 220 (88), 273 (12), 277 (3), 280 (2). 220 (51), 273 (1), 281 (1),335.1 (4), 336 (2), 369 (3), 281 (5),335.1 (2),342 (3), 359 (1),369 (7),386.1 (1), 388 (2), 3~3 (5). Ezhamkulam 200.3 (5), 203.2 (1), 388 (1), 393 (6). Thevalakara 200.1 (6), 200.3 (7), 205 (1),207.1 (1),214 (1),220 (61), 273 (1),280 (1), 200 4- (1), 204.2 (1), 207.2 (1), 214 (1), 220 (17), 281 (1), 311 (1), 323 (5), 350 (2), 369 (7), 388 (3), 235 (2), 273 (9),277 (16), 278.2 (1),281 (1),335.1 (1), 393 (5). Kodumon 200.3 (3),273 (2),288 (1),323 (1), 340 (1), 369 (4),388 (2), 393 (11). Mynagapally 200.1 369 (5),393 (1). Angadickal200. 3 (3),214 (2),220 (2), (6),200.3 (2),200.4 (1),203.2 (2),205(1),220 (50), 273 (2), 303 (1), 336 (1), 342 (1), 369 (1), 393 (1). 235 (1), 273 (7), 288 (1), 334 (1), 335.1 (2), 340 (2), Koodal 200.3 (6), 209 (1), 214 (1), 220 (77),235 (1), 342 (5), 369 (10), 388 (1), 393 (4). 273 (1), 303 (1), 311 (1), 323 (1?), 335 1 (1), 342 (2), 369 (4), 388 (1), 393 (3). Enadlmangalam 200.3 (1), Q.uilon Taluk 205 (1), 235 (1), 273 (5), 281 (1), 323 (4), 339 (1), TOTAL:-200.1 (46),200.3 (60),200.4 (4),203.2 342 (1), 369 (6), 393 (3). (97), 204.1 (2), 204.2 (6), 205 (33), 206 (1), 207.1 KarunagapaUy Taluk (59),207.2 (3),209 (11),214 (35),215 (1),216 (1); TOTAL:-200.1 (84),200.3 (55),200.4 (10), 203.2 (5), 218 (5), 220 (594), 230 (1), 231 (1), 232 (1), 233 (4), 204.1 (2),204.2 (112),205 (9),207 1 (5),207.2 (9), 235 (130), 241 (3), 273 (396), 274 (1), 277 (110), 209 (7),214 (16), 215 (1),220 (764),231 (1),235 (48), 278.1 (3), 278.2 (2), 280 (54), 281 (68), 283 (2), 284 273 (175), 277 (65), 278.2 (2), 280 (3), 281 (24), (6),287 (45),288 (2),289 (5),300 (6), 301 (1),302 (26), 282 (1), 284 (3), 288 (18), 302 (6), 303 (1), 311 (9), 303 (9),310 (2),311 (35),313 (1), 314 (1),320,2 (5), 333 (4), 334 (1),335.1 (38),339 (2),340 (17),341.2 320.3 (15), 330 (2), 331 (4), 333 (2), 334 (15), 335.1 (2) 342 (J 1), 359 (4), 365 (1), 367 (5), 369 (71), 378 (37), 336 (16),339 (7),340 (22), 341.2 (7), 342 (10), (1); 384 (7), 386.1 (3), 388 (35), 392 (3), 393 (89). 351.1 (2), 355 (1), 365 (6), 367 (36), 368 (4), 369 (106), 374 (1), 377 (4), 378 (2), 379 (6), 383 (5), 384 Rllral:- (51), 385.2 (4), 386.1 (1), 388 (96), 392 (21), 393 200.1 (84), 200.3 (55), 200.4 (10), 203.2 (5), (152),394 (1),395 (3),399.2 (1). 204.1 (2),2042 (112),205 (9),207.1 (5),207.2 (9), 209 (7),214 (16),215 (1),220 (7ti4), 231 (1),235 (48), Rural:- 273 (175), 277 (65), 278.2 (2), 280 (3), 281 (24), 200. I (38), 200.3 (34), 200.4 (3), 203.2 (64), '282 (1), 284 0), 288 (18), 302 (6), 303 (1), 311 (9), 204.2 (1), 205 (14), 207.1 (22), 207.2 (1), 209 (2), 333 (4),334 (1), 335.1 (38),339 (2),340 (17), 341.2 (2), 214 (16),218 (1),220 (414), 230 (1),233 (2),235 (128), 342 (11), 359 (4), 365 (1), 367 (5), 369 (71), 378 (1), 241 (3), 273 (199), 277 (113), 278.1 (1), 278.2 (1), 384 (7), 386.1 (3), 388 (35), 392 (3), 393 (89). 280 (35), 281 (45), 284 (1), 287 (8), 288 (1), 301 (1),

84 INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS

.iJ:.! (:l), 303 (4), 311 (9), 320.3 (2), 330 (2), 273 (3), 277 (2), 369 (1), 388 (4), 393 (1). Meenadu 333 (2),334 (3), 335.1 (27),336 (5), 339 (4),340 (14) 200.3 (1), 203.2 (5), 207.1 (3), 207.2 (1), 214 (1), 341.2 (4),342 (7),351.1 (1),367 (5),369 (64),379 (2)' 220 (35), 233 (1), 235 (19), 273 (17), 280 (5), 281 384 (8), 385.2 (1),386.1 (1),388 (43), 392 (5),393 (77).' (2),303 (1),311 (1),320.3 (2), 340 (3), 369 (2),384 (3!, Urban:- 388 (3), 392 (2), 393 (3). Kalluvathukkal 203.2 (3" 200.1 (8), 200.3 (26), 200.4 (1), 203.2 (33), 214 (1), 220 (25), 273 (8), 281 (1), 333 (1), 369 (5, L04.1 (2),204.2 (5),205 (19),206 (1),207.1 (37), 388 (5). 207.2 (2), 209 (9), 214 (19), 215 (1), 216 (1), 218 (4), :220 (180),231 (1),232 (1), 233 (2),235 (2),273 (197), Towns:- 274 (1), 277 (17), 278.1 (2), 278.2 (1), 280 (19), 281, Kundara 200.3 (5),203.2 (3), 205 (3), 207.1 ~b), (23), 283 (2),284 (5),287 (37), 288 (1),289 (5),300 (6), 214 (1), 220 (2), 273 (14), 277 (2), 280 (12), 281 (3). 302 (24), 303 (5), 310 (2), 311 (26), 313 (1), 314 (1), 287 (3), 288 (1), 302 (2), 303 (1), 311 (3), 320.2 (5), 320.3 (13), 331 (4), 334 (12), ~35.1 (10), 320. 3 (1), 335. 1 (1), 336 (2), 342 (1), 351. 1 (1), 336 (11), 339 (3),340 (8),341.2 (3),342 (3),351.1 (1)" 369 (1), 384 (3), 388 (8), 392 (3),393 (11). Kilikollur 355 (1), 365 (6), 367 (31), 368 (4), 369 (42), 374 (1), 203.2 (22),205 (5),207.1 (4),207.2 (1), 214 (3)1 377 (4), 378 (2), 379 (4),383 (5), 384 (43), 385.2 (3), 220 (109), 231 (1), 235 (2), 273 (26), 277 (3),281 (4), 388 (53), 392 (16),393,(75),394 (1), 395 (3),399.2 (1). 287 (18), 311 (1), 334 (2), 336 (3), 339 (1), 340 l2), Yillagu:- 342 (2), 367 (3), 369 (6), 384 (1), 3&8 (6), 393 (8). MunroIsland 200.3 (1), 204.2 (1), 207.1 (2), Quilon Municipal 200.1 (8), 200.3 \::!1), 200.4 (I), 220 (27), 235 (1),273 (1),277 (8),281 (1), 335.1 (5), 203.2 (8), 204.1 (2), 204.2 (5), 205 (11), 206 (1), 369 (3), 393 (4). East Kallada 200.1 (5), 200.3 (3), 207.1 (27),207.2 (1),209 (9),214 (15),215 (1» 203.2 (3), 207.1 (1)" 214 (1), 220 (49), 235 (2), 273 216 (1), 218 (4), 220 (69), 232 (1), 233 (2),2'73 (157), (13), 335.1 (8), 342 (1), 369 (3), 384 (1), 393 (4). 274 (1), 277 (12), 278.1 (2), 278.2 (1), 280 (7), 281 Mulavana 200.3 (2),203.2 (2),207.1 (1),214 (1), (16),283 (2), 284 (5), 287 (16),289 \,5), 300 (6), 302 273 (2),280 (1), 388 (1), 393 (3). Kottanakara 200.3 (22),303 (4), 310 (2), 311 (22),313 (1), 314 (1), 320.2 (2),200.4 (1),203.2 (17),205 (1),207.1 (1),214 (1), (5), 320.3 (12), 331 (4), 334 (10), 335.1 (9), 336 (6), 220 (19),273 (8),280 (5), 335.1 (3), 369 (6),388 (3), 339 (2), 340 (6), 341.2 (3), 355 (1), 365 (6), 367 (28), 393 (9). Perinad 200.1 (2), 200.3 (2), 200.4 (1), 368 (4), 369 (35), 374 (1), 377 (4), 378 (2), 379 (4), 203.2 (4),207.1 (1),214 (1),220 (30), 273 (5), 277 (31), 383 (5), 384 (39), 385.2 (3), 388 (39), 392 (13), 280 (4) 281 (2), 330 (1), 335.1 (4), 336 (1), 340 (1), 393 (56), 394 (1), 395 (3), 399.2 (1). 342 (1), 369 (1), 393 (3). Thrikkaruva 200.1 (22), 200.3 (1),220 (57),273 (10),277 (25),281 (1),342 (1), Kottarakara Taluk 369 (9), 393 (1). Tprikadavoor 200.1 (6), 200.3 (1), TOTAL:-200.1 (7), 200.3 (43), 200.4 (7), 203.~ 205 (1), 207.1 (3), 214 (2), 218 (1), 220 (3), 235 (1), (51),205 (8), 207.1 (6),207.2 (3),209 (1),214 (18), 273 (16), 277 (31), 281 (6), 311 (2), 339 (1), 342 (1), 218 (2),220 (126), 231 (2),235 (76),237 (2),273 (83), 367 (2), 369 (7), 388 (5), 392 (1), 393 (10). 277 (1), 278.2 (2), 280 (9),281 (19), 284 (3), 288 (8), Quilon 200.3 (4),203.2 (4),205 (1),207.1 (2),214 (1), 289 (6), 302 (7), 303 (2), 311 (3), 313 (3), 314 (2), 220 (40), 273 (23),277 (11), 280 (2),281 (2), 287 (5), 320.2 (1),320.3 (1), 323 (2), 333 !), 335.1 (36), 334 (3), 340 (1), 369 (2), 384 (1), 386.1 (1), 388 (2), 3% ~2), 342 (5), 350 (46), 365 (2), 367 (6),369 (S61 393 (6). Vadakkevila 200.4 (1), 203.2 (6)/, 205 (1), 384 (14), 388 (30), 392 (8), 393 (89). ' 214 (1), 220 (2), 235 (37),273 (14), 280 (7), 281 (3), 287 (1), 330 (1), 336 (4), 339 (3), 341.2 (2) 342 (2), Rural:- 369 (5),379 (1), 384 (1), 385.2 (1), 388 (2),393 (4). 200.1 (7), 200.3 (43), 200A (7), 203.2 (51)4 Eravipuram 203.2 (3), 205 (1), 214 (3), 220 (82), 205 (8),207.1 (6),207.2 (3),209 (1),214 (18),218 (2), 233 (1),235 (8),241 (3),273 (23),278.1 (1),280 (1), 220 (126),231 (2),235 (76),237 (2),273 (83),277(1), 281 (3) 287 (2),335.1 (1),340 (5), 341.2 (2),367 (2), 278.2 (2),280 (9), 281 (19),284 (3),288 (8),289 (6), 369 (3)', 379 (1), 388 (8), 393 (4). Thrikkovilvattom 302 (7), 303 (2), 311 (3), 313 (3), 314 (2), 320.2 (1) 200.1 (3),200.3 (4),203.2 (8),220 (15), 235 (1), 320.3 (1),323 (2),333 (1),335.1 (36),336 (2), 342 (5): 273 (8), 281 (4), 284 (1), 311 (1), 335.1 (2), 369 (4), 350 (46), 365 (2),367 (6),369 (96),384 (14),388 (:30) 388 (1), 393 (5). Nedumpan;l. 200.3 (2), 203.2 (1), 392 (8), 393 (89). 220 (4), 235 (2), 273 (4), 335.1 (3), 342 (1), 369 (1), 388 (2), 393 (4). Adichanalloor 200.3 (1),203.2 (4), Villages:- 205 (3), 207.1 (1), 235 (2), 273 (7), 280 (4), 281 (2), Kulakada 200.1 (1),200.3 (2),200.4 (1), 203.2 301 (1), 340 (4), 351.1 (1), 388 (3), 392 (1), 393 (3). (2),220 (4), 235 (2),273 (1) 280 (1), 342 (1),369 (7jJ Mayyanadu 200.3 (6),203.2 (4),205 (1),207.1 (4), 388 (3),393 (7). Mylom 200.3 (4),200.4 (1), 203.2 209 (1),214 (3),220 (12),230 (1),235 (49),273 (17), (3),235 (4),273 (1),335.1 (3), 336 (1), 369 (5), 388 (1) 278.2 (1), 280 (4), 281 (9), 288 (1), 302 (1), 311 (2), 393 (5). Melila 200.3 (2), 203.2 (4), 273 (7), 278.2 335.1 (1), 367 (1), 369 (8), 384 (1), 388 (2), 393 (10). (1),281 (1), 2~8 (1), 314 (1), 350 (2), 369 (3),393 (5). Paravoor 200.3 (3),205 (5),207.1 (3),209 (1), 220 Vettikavala 200.3 (1), 200.4 (1), 203.2 (3), 214 (1), (14), 235 (4), 273 (20), 277 (5), 280 (2), 281 (9), 302 235 (1), 273 (5), 281 (1), 289 (2), 302 (1), 235.1 (4), (1),303 (3), 311 (3),333 (1), 369 (4), 384 (1), 388 (2), 369 (2), 388(1), 393 (2). Kottarakara 200.3 (9) 392 (1), 393 (3). Poothakkulam 200.3 (1), 235 (2), 203.2 (3),205 (5), 207.1 (4),207.2 (1), 209 (1<

85 10614198 C uroU8TIUAL ESTABLISHMENTS

i14 (8), 218 (2), 220 (4), 273 (5), 280 (7), 281 (3), Rural:- ~84 (2), 288 (1), 289 (1), 302 (4), 303 (1), 311 (2), 200.3 (27), 203.1 .. (1),203.2 (9),205 (7),207.1 313 (3), 320.2 (1),320.3 (1),335.1 (1), 336 (1), 342 (1),,{.209 (10), 214 (14), 217 (7), 220 (357), 231 (1), (3);365 (2), 367 (4), 369 (10), 384 (11), 388 (6), 235 (22), 273 (48), 280 (1), 281 (6), 282 (1), 285 (1), 392 (5), 39'~ (16). Neduvathoor 200.1 (1), 200.3 (1), 288 (2), 289 (1), 290 (1), 301 (2), 302 (8), 303 (2), 203.2 (1),205 (1), 214 (1), 231 (1),235 (10),273 (4), 310 (1), 311 (7), 314 (7), 320.2 (1), 320.3 (3), 323 335.1 (4), 369 (2), 388 (1), 393 (4). Pavithreswaram (24), 333 (1), 334 (1), 335.1 (30), 336 (1), 340 (3), 200.3 (4), 203.2 (5), 207.1 (1), 235 (33), 335.1 (1), 367 (4), 369 (50), 370 (1), 377 (1), 378 (1), 384 ~8), 350 (18), 369 (4),393 (4). Ezhukone 200.1 (1),200.3 388 (13), 392 (7), 393 (55). (4), 203.2 (12), 207.2 (1), 214 (1), 220 (20), 273 (4), 280 (1),281 (1), 302 (1), 335.1 (1),367 (1), 369 (2), Vtllages:- 388 (2), 393 (3). Thnppilazhikom 200.1 (1), Pathanapuram200.3 (4),205 (1),209 (1), 214(':», 200.3 (2), 200.4 (4), 203.2 (3), 214 (2), 220 (16), 302 (1), 311 (3),335.1 (1),367 (1),369 (7), 220 (1),235 (1), 273 (2),281 (4),335.1 (6), 369 (3), 392 (1),393 (5). Piravanthur 273 (6), 285 (1), 340 (1), 393 (4). Veliyam 200.3 (3), 203.2 (4), 207.1 (1), 369 (11), 393 (1). Edamon 200.3 (1), 217 (1), 220 (3) 214 (2),237 (2), 273 (1), 281 (2), 289 (1), 314 (1), 273 (6),323 (16),369 (2),393 (2). Arienkavu 205 (1): 369 (1), 393 (4). Ommannoor 200.3 (3), 214 0), 217 (3), 220 (11), 273 (1), 323 (4), 388 (1), 203.2 (7), 273 (13),278.2 (1),281 (4),289 (1), 335.1 392 (1). Kulathupuzha 200.3 (1), 209 (1), 217 (3), (1),369 (9), 388 (1),393 (6). Elamadu 231 (1),235 (4), 220 (13), 273 (1), 288 (1), 320.2 (1), 334 (1), 336 (1), 335.1 (3), 369 (2). Pooyappally 200. 1 (2), 200.3 (1), 367 (I), 369 (2), 384 (2), 393 (4). Yeroor 200.3 (2):1 203.2 (3),220 (5), 235 (19),273 (4),281 (1), 284 (1), 214 (1), 220 (1), 288 (1), 323 (1), 335.1 (2), 388 (2), 335.1 (2), 369 (3), 384 (1), 393 (6). Velinallur 200.3 393 (1). Punalur 200.3 (5), 203.1 (1), 205 (4),207.1 (1),214 (1), 220 (8),235 (2),273 (1),281 (1),369 (3), (1),209 (6),214 (5), 220 (123), 273 (12),280 (1),281 388 (2), 393 (6). Chadayamangalam 200.1 (1),200.3 (3), 290 (1), 302 (5), 303 (1), 311 (2), 314 (7), 320.3 (3), 203.2 (1), 205 (1), 220 (6), 273 (3), 302 (1), 303 (3),333 (1),335.1 (6),367 (2), 370 (1),377 (1), 378 (1), (1),333 (I), 335.1 (1),369 (9), 388 (5),392 (2),393 (7). 384 (5), 388 (1), 392 (4),393 (14). Pidavoor 200.3 (1), Kadakkal 200 3 (3), 205 (1), 214 (2), 220 (43), 273 203.2 (1), 220 (29),235 (1). Pattazhi 200.3 (2),203.2 (15), 281 (1). 289 (1), 311 (1), 335.1 (8), 342 (1), (2), 205 (1), 220 (8), 273 (2), 301 (2), 335.1 (1), 369 :167 (1), 369 (l5), 384 (2), 388 (4), 393 (7). Chithara (15), 384 (1), 392 (1), 393 (8). Thalavoor 220 (3), 220 (2), 273 (10), 323 (2), 369 (13), 388 (4), 392 (1), 231 (1), 335.1 (3),369 (1); Vilakkudi 200.3 (5), 393 (2); Ittiva 207.2 (1), 220 (33), 273 (7), 277 (1), 203.2 (3),214 (1), 220 (48), 235 (1),273 (5), 282 (1), 288 (6), 335.1 (1), 350 (26), 369 (3), 393 (1). 310 (1), 311 (1), 323 (1), 335.1 (4),369 (1),388 (2), \, 393 (5). Karavalloor 200.3 (1), 220 (28), 323 (1). 340 (2), 369 (3), 388 (1), 393 (1). Arakkal 220 (18), Pathanapuram. Taluk 235 (19), 273 (6), 323 (1), 335.1 (1),369 (1). Anchal 200.3 (3),203.2 (1),214 (2), 220 (2), 273 (7), 281 (1), Ton.L:-200.3 (27), 203.1 (1), 203.2 (9), 205 289 (1), 302 (1), 303 (1), 335.1 (7), 388 (3), 393 (9). (7),207.1 (1),209 (10), 214 (14), 217 (7), 220 (357), Edamulackal 200.3 (2), 203.2 (2), 209 (2), 220 (15), 231 (1),235 (22),273 (48), 280 (1),281 (6),282 (1), 285 235 (1), 273 (I), 281 (2), 311 (1), 335.1 (4), 369 (5), (1),288 (2), 289 (1),290 (1), 301 (2), 302 (8), 303 (2), 388 (2), 393 (4). Alayamon 214 (1), 220 (39), 273 (1). 310 (1), 311 (7),314 (7),320.2 (1), 320.3 (3), 323 (24), 302 (1), 335.1 (1), 369 (2), 388 (1), 393 (1). 333 (1), 334 (1), 335.1 (30), 336 (1), 340 (3), 367 (4), I 369 (50), 370 (1), 377 (1), 378 (1), 384 (8), 388 (13), 3Ci'l (7t '393 (55).

86 (n.) lNDJ:X OF VILLAGES AND KAllAS

10614198 C

INDEX OF VD..LAGES AND KARAS

(The names of the Cemus villages viz., revenue villages and of the Census bras are given in full capitals and in lower case respectively. Wherever a Census village has only one kara and that bears the same name of the village the kara has been omitted). Sl. No. No. SI. No. No. in the according in the according Primary to Census Primary to Census 81. Alphabetical list of Census Location S1. Alphabetical list of Census Location No. village/kara Abstract Code No. village/kara Abstract Code 1 Achankovil 85.1 8-6-4-1 54 Avanoor 69.1 8-5-5-1 2 ADICHANALLOOR 51 8-4-13 55 Avanoor 70.4 8-5-6-4 3 Adichanalloor Cherry 51.5 I 8-4-13-5 56 Ayanivelikulangara Thekku 42.13 8-3-6-13 4 ADOOR 23 8-2-2 57 Ayanivelikulangara Vadakku 42.12 8-3-6-12 5 Aekalabhagom 43.18 8-3-7-18 58 Ayathil Cherry 61.3 8-4-9-3 6 Agasthyacode 91.5 8-6-14-5 59 Ayikkunnam 27.10 8-2-6-10 7 Airanallur 87.2 8-6-6-2 60 Ayilare 87.3 8-6-6-3 8 Akkonam 79.7 8-5-15-7 61 Ayiramthengu Cherry 63.7 8-4-14-7 9 Akolil 62.7 8-4-10-7 62 Ayithottuva North 30.4 8-2-9-4- 10 Akolil Cherry 63.9 8-4-14-9 63 Ayithottuva South 30.3 8-2-9-3 11 Alappad 42.8 8-3-6-8 64 Aykkad 34.2 8-2-13-2 12 Alappadu 41.2 8-3-5-2 65 Ayoor 98.3 8-6-15-3 13 ALAYAMON 92 8-6-16 66 Ayyamkoikkal 24.5 8-2-3-5 14 Alayamon 92.1 8-6-16-1 67 Azhoor 18.9 8-1-13-9 15 Ambalakara 75.7 8-5-11-7 68 CHADAYAMANGALAM 79 8-5-15 16 Ambalapuram 69.9 8-5-5-9 69 Chadayamangalam 79.8 8-5-15-8 17 Ambalathubhagom 28.6 8-2-7-6 70 Chakkuvarakkal 68.9 8-5-4-9 18 Ammakandakara 22.5 8-2-1-5 71 Chaliyakkara 84.3 8-6-3-3 19 Ampazhaveli 57.4 8-4-5-4 72 Chanapara 82.12 8-5-18-12 20 Anakottoor 70.6 8-5-6-6 73 Chandanapally 20.1' 8-2-14-1 21 Anayadi 26.3 8-2-5-3 74 Changankulangara 37.9 8-3-1-9 22 ANCHAL 91 8-6-14 75 Chanthoor 69.10 8-5-5-10 23 Andoo Poika 67.3 8-5-3-3 76 Chanthoor 70.9 8-5-6-9 24 Andoor 75.9 8-5-11-9 77 Chareparambu 82.8 8-5-18-8 25 Andoorpach 84.7 8-6-3-7 78 Charukattu 57.9 8-4-5-9 26 ANGADI 1 8-1-1 79 Chathanoopuzha 24.7 8-2-3-7 27 Angadi 1.1 8-1-1-1 80 Chathannoor Eram 53.7 8-4-17-7 28 ANGADICKAL 20 8-2-14 81 Chathannoorthazhom 53.3 8-4-17-3 29 Angadickal Thekkekara 20.3 8-2-14-3 82 Chathinakulam 57.8 8-4-5-3 30 Angadickal Vadakkekara 20.2 8-2-14-2 83 CHAVARA 44 8-3-8 31 Annoor \ 69.11 8-5-5-11 84 Chavara 44A 8-3-8-4 32 Annoor 70.10 8-5-6-10 85 Cheekanal J5.4 8-1-10-4 33 Anthamon 66.5 8-5-2-5 86 Cheekanal 16.1 8-1-11-1 34 ARAKKAL 97 8-6-13 87 Chemkur 78.8 8-5-14-8 35 Arakkal 97.8 8-6-13-B 88 Chemmakadu 57.11 8-4-5-11 36 Arampunna 88.1 8-6-7-1 89 Chempakaramanellur 98.S 8-6-15-8 37 Archal 87.1 8-6-6-1 90 Chengaman~,du 67.5 8-5-3-5 38 ARIENKAVU 85 8-6-4 91 Chenkulam 77.9 8-5-13-9 39 _"-rienkavu 85.5 8-6-4-5 92 CHENNERKARA 15 D-I-lO 40 Arinalloor 46.8 8-3-10-8 93 Chennerkara 13.2 8-1-10-2 41 Arkannoor 76.7 8-:'1-12-7 9-1 Chenthapoo 49 3 8-4-11-3 42 Arukalikkal East 33.4 8-2-12-4 95 Chepra 74 G 3-5-10-6- 43 Arukalikkal West 33.5 8-2-12-5 96 Cheriazheekal 42.1 8-3-fl-l 44 Aruvapalam 9.2 8-1-18-2 97 Cherikkonam 49.5 8-4-11-5 45 Aruvithara 89.2 8-6-8-2 98 ' Cheriyavelinalloor 76.6 8-5-12-6 46 Ashtamudi 58.1 8-4:-6-1 99 Cheriyavelinallur 78.10 8-5-14-10 47 AsranlOm 60.6 8-4-8-6 100 Cheriyelah 49.2 8-4-11-2 413 Athinad Thekku 41.3 8-3-5-3 101 CHERUKOLE 12 8-1-7 49 l~ thinad Vadakku ·B.4 8-3-5-4 102 Cherukole 12.1 8-1-7-1 50 Attarigham 16.10 8-1-11-10 10:3 Cherukulanji 5.1 8-1-5-1 51 Atturkonam 78.11 8-5-14-11 104 Cherukunnam 25.3 8-2-4-3 52 Attuvasseri 65.6 8-5-1-6 105 Cherumangad 71.2 8-5-7-2 5~ A vaniswaram 96.4- 8-6-11-4 106 Cherumoodu 57.12 8-4-5~1*

89 INDEX OF VlLLAGBS AND KARAS

81. No. No. SI. No. No. in the according in the according Primary to Census Primary to Census SI. Alphabetical list of Census Location 81. Alphabetical list of Census Location No. viUage/kara Abstract Code No. village/kara Abstract Code 107 Cherupunja 22.7 8-2-1-7 164 Enath 33.7 8-2-12-7 108 Cherusseribhagom 44.2 8-3-8-2 165 Eram 91.1 8-6-14-1 109 Cheruthanoor 84.4 8-6-3-4 166 ERATH 24 8-2-3 110 Cheruvakal 76.3 8-5-12-3 167 Erath 24.6 8-2-3-6 III Cheruvakkal 78.7 8-5-14-7 168 Erathukulakada 65.3 8-5-1-3 112 Chethadi 67.6 8-5-3-6 169 Eravichirakizhakku 27.8 8-2-6-8 113 CHETHEKKAL 3 8-1-3 170 Eravichira Naduvil 27.1 8-2-6-1 114 Chethekka1 3.1 8-1-3-1 171 Eravichira Padinjaru 27.2 8-2-6-2 115 Chira:kkara Edavattom 54.3 8-4-18-3 172 ERAVIPURAM 62 8-4-10 116 Chirakkarathazhom 53.8 8-4-17-8 173 Ettuvacode 73.12 8-5-9-12 117 Chiravoor A 8l.4 8-5-17-4 174 EZHAMKULAM 33 8-2-12 118 Chiravoor B 81.5 8-5-17-5 175 Ezhamkulam 33.1 8-2-12-1 119 Chiravoor C 81.6 8-5-17-6 176 Ezhamkulam 86.2 8-6-5-2 120 Chiravoor D 81.13 8-5-17-13 177 EZHUKONE 72 8-5-8 121 CHITHARA 81 8-5-17 178 Ezhukone 72.5 8-5-8-5 122 Chithara A 81.1 8-5-17-1 179 Hillkara 83.1 8-6-2-1 123 Chithara B 81.2 8-5-17-2 180 Hillkara 84.1 8-6-3-1 124 Chithara C 81.3 8-5-17-3 181 Hillkara 85.2 8-6-4-2 125 Chittakottu 72.3 8-5-8-3 182 Hillkara 86.7 8-6-5-7 126 Chittayam 57.2 8-4-5-2 183 Idakkodu 79.4 8-5-15-4 127 Chittoor 18.10 8-1-13-10 184 Idakodam 73.3 8-5-9-3 128 Chittoor 43.7 8-3-7-7 185 Idakodom 72.10 8-5-8-10 129 Chola 43.23 8-3-7-23 186 Idanadu 53.6 8-4-17-6 130 Chola 44.10 8-3-8-10 187 Idappanayam 26.7 8-2-5-7 131 Choonanchira 57.6 8-4-5-6 188 Idathara 00.2 8-5-16-2 132 Choorakode 24.3 8-2-3-3 189 Idathra 93.1 8-6-1-1 133 Choran,!;du 91.2 8-6-14-2 190 Idavattom 57.13 8-4-5-13 134 Chovallur 72.9 8-5-8-9 191 Idavattom 53.11 8-4-17-11 135 ChovaUur ll.2 8-5-9-2 192 Idavattom 71.6 8-5-7-6 136 Chozhiyakkode 86.6 8-6-5-6 193 Idavattom 72.2 8-5-8-2 137 Churula 73.7 8-5-9-7 194 Ilambal 96.5 8-6-11-5 138 Earathu Vadakku 94.6 8-6-9-6 195 Ilapazhannoor 80.1 8-5-16-1 139 EAST KALLADA 56 8-4-2 196 Illamkulamthazham 54.8 8-4-18-8 140 Edakkattkara 28.2 8-2-7-2 197 Illavookonam 73.8 8-5-9-8 141 Edakodu 72.8 8-5-8-8 198 lmali Kizhekku 16.6 8-1-11-6 142 Edakulam 5.4 8-1-5-4 199 Imali Mekku 16.7 8-1-11-7 143 EDAMON 84 8-6-3 200 Inchakadu 66.4 8-5-2-4 144 Edamon 84.6 .8-6-3-6 201 Inchakkad 27.9 8-2-6-9 145 EDAMULACKAL 98 8-6-15 202 Inchavila 58.3 8-4-6-3 146 Edamulackal 98.6 8-6-15-6 203 Irannoor 67.1 S:5-3-1 147 Edapalayam 85.4 8-6-4-4 204 Irannoor 68.2 8-5-4-2 148 Edathitta 34.1 8-2-13-1 205 IRAVON 10 8-1-19 149 Edavanasery 36.3 8-3-11-3 206 Iravon 10.2 8-1-19-2 150 Elakolloor 8.7 8-1-17-7 207 Irumpanangad 72.4 8-5-8-4 151 ELAMADU 76 8-5-12 208 ITTIVA 82 8-5-18 152 Elamadu 76.5 8-5-12-5 209 Ittiva 82.3 8-5-18-3 153 Elamanoor 35.3 8-2-16-3 210 I verkala Kizhakkekara 154 Elampallil 25.6 8-2-4-6 Kizhakku 31.11 8-2-10-11 155 Elangamangalam 33.8 8-2-12-8 Iverkala Kizhakkekara 8-1-9 211 156 ELANTHOOR 14 Thekku 31.12 8-2-10-12 157 Elanthoor Kizhakku 14.3 8-1-9-3 212 Iverkala Kizhakkekara 8-1-9-2 158 Elanthoor Mek:ku 14.2 Vadakku 31.10 8-2-10-1 Q 159 Elantho"br pariyaram 14.1 8-1-9-1 Iverkala Padinjattekara 8-4-12-8 213 160 Elavoor 50.8 Naduvil 31.9 8-2-10-9 161 Elikattur 83.5 8-6-2-5 214 Iverkala Padinjattekara 162 Elikattur 89.4 8-6-8-4 Thekku 31. 7 8-2-10-7 163 ENADIMANGALAM 35 8-2-16

90 INDEX OF VILLAGES AND KARAS

S1. No. No. S1. No. No. in the according in the according Primary to Census Primary to Censm Sl. Alphabetical list of Census Location S1. Alphabetical list of Census Location No. village/kara Abstract Code No. village/kara Abstract Code 215 I verkala Padinjattekara 270 Karimbalur 54.6 8-4-18-6 Vadakku 31.8 6-2-10-8 271 Karingannoor 78.4 8-5-14-4 216 Iypalloor 67.2 8-5-3-2 272 Karinthottuva 29.7 8-2-8-7 217 Iythala 2.4 8-1-2-4 273 Karipra 73.9 8-5-9-9 218 KADAKKAL 80 8-5--16 274 Karithura 44.3 8-3-8-3 219 Kadakkal A 80.3 I 8--5-16-3 275 Karthaviam 13.11 8-1-8-11 220 Kadakkal B 80.4 i 8-5-16-4 276 Karunagapally 41. 7 8-3-5-7 221 Kadakkal C 80.6 8-5-16-6 277 KARUNAGAPALLY 42 8-3-6 222 Kadakkal D 80.7 8-5-16-7 278 Karuvatta 22.6 8-2-1-6 223 Kadakodu 73.4 8-5-9-4 279 Karuveli 72.1 8-5-8-1 224 Kadamanitta 17.2 8-1-12-2 280 Karvoor 83.2 8-6-2-2 225 Kadambattukonam 54.10 8-4-18-10 281 Karyara 96.1 8-6-11-1 226 KADAMPANAD 32 8-2-11 282 Kattampalli 82.11 8-5-18-11 227 Kadampanad N.,;rth 32.1 8-2-11-1 283 Kattayil 74.2 8-5-10-2. 228 Kadampanad South 32.2 8-2-11-2 284 Kattoor 12.2 8-1-7-2 229 Kadappa 36.4 8-3-11-4 285 Kayila 74.10 8-5-10-10 230 Kadathoor 39.2 8-3-3-2 286 Kayila 77.4 8-5-13-4 231 Kadathoor 41.8 8-3-5-8 287 Kaythakuzhy Cherry 51.6 8-4-13-6 232 Kadavon 13.7 8-1-8-7 288 Kayyalakkal 62.2 8-4-10-2 233 Kadavoor 59.4 8-4-7-4 289 Kazhuthayurutty 85.3 8-6-4-3 234 Kadika 33.6 8-2-12-6 290 Keekozhoor 12.4 8-1-7-4 235 Kaipattoor 19.4 8-1-16-4 291 Keezhukara 13.1 8-1-8-1 236 Kaithakkal 25.2 8-2-4-2 292 Kesavapuram 42.14 8-3-6-14 237 Kaithakodu 71.4 8-5-7-4 293 Kidangayankannimel 27.5 8-2-6-5 238 Kaithakodu 79.10 8-5-15-10 294 Kidangayan Naduvil 27.4 8-2-6-4 239 Kakkadu 4.4 8-1-4-4 295 Kidangayan North 27.3 8-2-6-3 240 Kakkottur 72.12 8-5-8-12 296 Kidapparam 55.1 8-4-1-1 241 Kalakkottu 52.2 8-4-16-2 297 Kizhakakara 36.5 8-3-11-5 242 Kala~oor 21.2 8-2-15-2 298 Kizhakkanelah 54.11 8-4-18-11 243 Kalari 43.21 8-3-7-21 299 Kizhakkekkara 69.3 8-5-5-3 244 Kalavayal 78.2 8-5-14-2 300 Kizhakkemuri 83.4 8-6-2-4 245 Kalayapuram 66.6 8-5-2-6 301 Kizhavur 49.11 8-4-11-11 246 Kallelibhagom 40.6 8-3-4-6 302 Kizhakkekara 74.8 8-5-lO-8 247 KALLUVATHUKKAL 54 '8-4-18 303 Kizhuthoni 82.2 8-5-18-2 248 Kambakode 98.2 8-6-15-2 304 Klappana Thekku 37.4 8-3-1-4 249 Kampladi 28.5 8-2-7-5 305 Klappana Vadakku 37.3 8-3-1-3 250 Kamukancheri Thekku 89.5 8-6-8-5 306 Kodamukku 19.3 8-1--16-3 251 Kamukancheri Vadakku 89.3 8-6-8-3 307 KODUMON 34 8-2-13 252 Kanankarabhagom 43.15 8-3-7-15 308 Kodumon 34.3 8-2-13-3 253 Kanatharkl¥lnam 30.1 8-2-9-1 309 Kodumthara 18.8 8-1-13-8 254 Kandachira 57.5 8-4-5-5 310 Koduvila Muri 56.2 8-4-2-2 255 Kandanchira 86.5 8-6-5-5 311 Koivila North 46 5 8-3-10-5 256 Kanjiravally 13.9 8-1-8-9 312 Koivila South 46.4 8-3-10-4 257 Kannamkodu 23.4 8-2-2-4 313 Kokkad 97.2 8-6-13-2 258 Kannamkodu 68.6 8-5-4-6 314 Kolam 43.19 8-3-7-19 259 Kannanalloor 49.10 8-4-11-10 315 Kolannoor 72.11 8-5-8-11 260 Kannime1 60.3 8-4-8-3 316 Kollaka 43.1 8-3-7-1 261 Kannimel 94.5 8-6-9-5 317 Kongal 64.5 8-4-15-5 262 Kantrankani 55.5 8-4-1-5 318 Konnamankara 23.2 8-2-2-2 263 Karamveli 13.12 8-1-8-12 319 KONNI 9 8-1-18 264 KARAVALLOOR 90 8-6-12 320 KONNI THAZHAM 7 8-1-15 265 Karavalloor 90.3 8-6-12-3 321 Konnithazham 7.2 8-1-15-2 266 Karikal 71.3 8-5-7-3 322 Konnithazham 10.1 8-1-19-1 267 Karikamittom 68.5 8-5-4-5 323 KOODAL 21 8-2-15 268 Karikulam 2.2 8-1-2-2 324 Koodal 21.1 8-2-15-1 269 Karikulam 4.1 8-1-4-1 325 Koonayil 64.2 8-4-15-~

9!_ lNl:£X OF VIl.LAGJI8 AND KAB.AS

81. No. No. SI. No. No. in the according in the according Primary to Census Primary to Census 01. Alphabetical list of Census Location SI. Alphabetical list of Census Location No. villagejkara Abstract Code No. villagejkara Abstract Code

326 Koonayil 52.1 8-4-16-1 382 Kunnathur East 31.4 8-2-10-4 327 Kotampalli 38.4 8-3-2-4 383 Kunnathur Naduvil 31.5 8-2-10-5 328 Kothapuram 30.2 8-2-9-2 384 Kunnathur West 31.1 8-2-10-1 329 Kottakakam 44.7 8-3-8-7 385 Kunnikkode 96.3 8-6-11-3 330 Kottakerom 54.9 8-4-18-9 386 Kura 95.2 8-6-10-2 331 Kottakkakam 59.3 8-4-7-3 387 Kureepuzha 60.4 8-4-8-4 332 Kottakkupuram 41.5 8-3-5-5 388 Kurepuzha 59.6 8-4-7-6 333 Kottanalloor 24.1 8-2-3-1 389 Kuriyodu 79.9 8-5-15-9 334 KOTTANKARA 48 8-4-4 390 Kurumanda1 64.1 8-4-15-1 335 Kottankara 48.2 8-4-4-2 391 Kurumanna 49.8 8-4-11-8 336 Kottapuram 64.3 8-4-15-3 392 Kurumpakara 35.5 8-2-16-5 337 Kottara 74.5 8-5-10-5 393 Kurumthar 13.14 8-1-8-14 338 Kottara 77.1 8-5- J 3-1 394 Kuzhika1a 13.15 8-1-8-15 339 KOTTARAKARA 69 8-5.5 395 Kuzhimathicadu 73.6 8-5-9.6 340 Kottathala 66.1 8-5-2-1 396 Kuzhithura 41.1 8-3-5-1 341 Kottathala 70.3 8-5-6-3 397 Kuzhiyam 57.10 8-4-5-10 342 Kottayam 8.8 8-1-17-8 398 Madamon North 4.2 8-1-4-2 343 Kovilthottam 44.1 8-3-8-1 399 Madamon South 4.3 8-1-4-3 344 Kovoor 36.6 8-3-11-6 400 Madanthacode 73.10 8-5-9-10 345 Koyikka1bhagom 30.6 8-2-9-6 401 Madapally 44.9 8-3-8-9 346 Koyikkal Muri 56.3 8-4-2-3 402 Malamekkara 22.4 8-2-1-4 347 Koyippadu 53.5 8-4-17-5 403 Malamel 97.4 8-6-13-4 348 Kozhenchery 13.3 8-1-8-3 404 Ma1aperur 82.1 8-5-18-1 349 Kozhikkodu Kizhakku 42.4 8-3-6-4 405 Ma1ayalam Plantation 84.2 8-6-3-2 350 Kozhikkodu Mekku 42.5 8-3-6-5 406 MALAYALAPUZHA 6 8-1-14 351 Kozhikottu 77.7 8-5-13-7 407 Malaya1apuzha Edanadu 6.3 8-1-14-3 352 KRISHNAPURAM 38 8-3-2 408 Ma1ayalapuzha Eram 6.2 8-1-14-2 353 Kudavatfoor 74.3 8-5-10-3 409 Malaya1apuzha Nalloor 6.4 8-1-14-4 354 Kudavur 79.6 8-5-15-6 410 Ma1aya1apuzha Thazham 6.1 8-1-14-1 355 KULAKADA 65 8-5-1 411 Malayil 74.9 8-5-10-9 356 Ku1akada Kizhekku 65.2 8-5-1-2 412 Malibhagom 45.3 8-3-9-3 357 Kulakada Thazhathu 65.1 8-5-1-1 413 MALLAPUZHASSERI 13 8-1-8 358 Kulangarabhagom 44.5 8-3-8-5 414 Mallapuzhasseri 13.5 8-1-8-5 359 Ku1asekharapathi 18.5 8-1-13-5 415 Maloor 94.8 8-6-9-8 360 KULASEKHARAPURAM 41 8-3-5 416 Mamballikunnom 53.4 8-4-17-4 361 Kulathukonam 53.12 8-4-17-12 417 Manakkara 29.2 8-2-8-2 362 Kulathukonam 54.5 8-4-18-5 418 Manakka ttu Cherry 61.4 8-4-9-4 363 KULATHUPUZHA 86 8-6-5 419 Manampuzha 31.6 8-2-10-6 364 Kulathupuzha 86.4 8-6-5-4 420 Manappali Thekku 39.6 8-3-3-6 365 Kumalathrabhagom 43.14 8-3-7-14 421 Manappali Vadakku 39.7 8-3-3-7 366 Kumaramperoor North 5.2 8-1-5-2 422 Manayil 43.13 8-3-7-13 367 Kumaramperoor South 5.3 8-1-5-3 423 Mangad 35.2 8-2-16-2 368 Kumbazha 18.3 8-1-13-3 424 Mangaram 9.1 8-1-18-1 369 Kumil 81.10 8-5-17-10 425 Maniyar 88.4 8-6-7-4 370 Kummalloor Cherry 51.7 8-4-13-7 426 Manjakkala 95.6 8-6-10-6 371 Kummil 80.8 8-5-16-8 427 Manjallur 93.4 8-6-1-4 372 Kundamonkara 18.4 8-1-13-4 428 Manjinikara 16.8 8-1-11-8 373 Kundayam 93.5 8-6-1-5 429 Mankuzhi 2.3 8-1-2-3 374 Kundayam 94.10 8-6-9-10 430 Mannadi Ka1akku Kizhakku 32.8 8-2-11-8 375 Kundumon 50.6 8-4-12-6 431 Mannadi Kalakku Padinjaru 32.4 8-2-11-4 376 Kundumon Cherry 51.4 8-4-13-4 432 Mannadi Kizhakke 377 Kunnada 35.4 8-2-16-4 Muka Muri 32.7 8-2-11-7 378 Xunnam 3.2 8-1-3-2 433 Mannadi Kizhakku Naduvi1 32.9 8-2-11-9 379 Kunnathookara 22.3 8-2-1-3 434 Mannadi Padinjaru Kizhakku 32.6 8-2-11-6 380 Kunnathukara 13.6 8-1-8-6 435 Mannadi. Padinjaru 381 KUNNATHUR 31 8-2-10 Thazhathu 32.5 8-2-11-5

92 INDEX OF 'VILLAGES AND KARAS

SI. No. No. SI. No. No. in the according in the according Primary to Census Primary to Census 81. Alphabetical list of Census Location S1. Alphabetical list of Census Location No. viIlage/kara Abstract Code No. village/kara Abstract Code 436 Mannaramala 16.4 8-1-11-4 492 Mulluvila Cherry 6l.5 8-4-9-5 437 Mannoor 82.10 8-5-18-10 493 Mundapally 22.9 8-2-1-9 438 Mannumbhagam 8.6 8-1-17-6 494 Mundapuzha 11.2 8-1-6-2 439 Maranad 68.4 8-5-4-4 495 Munnalam 23.3 8-2-2-3 440 Marangattukonam 75.10 8-5-11-10 496 MUNRO ISLAND 55 8-4-1 441 Maravanchira 86.1 8-6-5-1 497 Murukamon 79.13 8-5-15-13 442 Maravoor Muri 56.5 8-4-2-5 498 Murunthal 59.1 8-4-7-1 443 Maroor 18.7 8-1-13-7 499 Muslim Street 69.2 8-5-5-2 444 Maroor 8.3 8-1-17-3 500 Muthayil 80.5 8-5-16-5 445 Maroor 35.6 8-2-16-6 501 Muthayil A 81.7 8-5-17-7 446 Marthandankara 86.3 8-6-5-3 502 Muthayil B 81.8 8-5-17-8 447 Maruthamanbhagom 94.2 8-6-9-2 503 Muthayil C 81.9 8-5-17-9 448 Maruthamonpalty 77.2 8-5-13-2 504 Muthupilakkad East 29.6 8-2-8-6, . 449 Maruthoorkulangara 'fbekku 42.6 8-3-6-6 505 Muthupilakkad West 29.5 8-2-8-5 450 Maruthoorkularrgara 506 Muttakkavu 50.5 8-4-12-5 ;t}Vadakku 42.7 8-3-6-7 507 Muttara 74.1 8-5-10-1 451 Matathikaranma 38.5 8-3-2-5 508 Muttathukonam 15.1 8-1-10-1 452 Mathilil 59.7 8-4-7-7 509 Muzhangodi 40.5 8-3-4-5 453 Mathira A 81.11 8-5-17-11 510 Mylakattu Cherry 51.2 8-4-13-2 454 Mathira B 81.12 8-5-17-12 511 Mylapra 18.2 8-1-13-2 455 Mathirappa 98.5 8-6-15-5 512 Mylapur 49.16 8-4-11-16 456 Mathra 90.2 8-6-12-2 513 MYLOM 66 8-5-2 457 Mathurappa 97.10 8-6-13-10 514 Mylom 66.8 8-5-2-8 458 Maveli 43.11 8-3-7-11 515 Mylomkulam 65.8 8-5-1-8 459 MAYYANADU 63 8-4-14 516 Mylottu 77.5 8-5-13-5 460 MayyanaduCherry 62.9 8-4-10-9 517 MYNAGAPALLY 36 8-3-11 461 Mayyanadu Cherry 63.11 8-4-14-11 518 Nadakkal 54.2 8-4-18-2 462 Mayyanadu South 63.10 8-4-14-10 519 Nadukunnu 93.3 8-6-1-3 463 MEENADU 53 8-4-17 520 Nadutheri 94.3 8-6-9-3 464 Meenadu 53.2 8-4-17-2 521 Nadutheri 95.5 8-6-10-5 465 Meenam 94.7 8-6-9-7 522 Naduvannoor 89.6 8-6-8-6 466 Meenamthuchery 60.2 8-4-8-2 523 Naduvathucherry 45.4 8-3-9-4 467 Meeyana' 78.5 8-5-14-5 524 Naduvathuchery 43.17 8-3-7-17 468 Mekad 43.20 8-3-7-20 525 Naduvilachery 58.4 8-4-6-4 469 Mekkozhoor 11.6 8-1-6-6· 526 Naduvilakara 46.9 8-3-10-9 470 MELILA 67 8-5-3 527 Naduvilakkara 49.4 8-4-114 471 Melila Kizhekkekara 67.9 8-5-3-9 528 Naduvilakkara Cherry 63.5 8-4-14-5 472 Melila Padinjattinkara 67.7 8-5-3-7 529 Naduvilekara 28.3 8-2-7-3 473 Melkulangara 75.12 8-5-11-12 530 Naduvilekkara 30.7 8-2-9-7 474 Melood 22.2 8-2-1-2 531 Naduvilemuri 26.4 8-2-5-4 475 Meloottubhagam 16.5 8-1-11-5 532 Nallila 50.2 8-4-12-2 476 Melukara 13.2 8-1-8-2 533 Nambaruvikala 42.9 8-3-6-9 477 Merriana 38.1 8-3-2-1 534 Nannukkadu 18.11 8-1-13-11 478 Memannadi 32.10 8-2-11-10 535 NARANGANAM 17 8-1-12 479 Menampally 44.12 8-3-8-12 536 Naranganam 17.1 8-1-12-1 480 Mevanakonam 54.4 8-4-18-4 537 Nariapuram 19.1 8-1-16-1 481 Midappally 43.9 8-3-7-9 538 Nedumankavu 73.13 8-5-9-13 482 Miyyannoor 50.9 8-4-12-9 539 Nedumbanakal 50.4 8-4-12-4- 483 Moongode 92.2 8-6-16-2 540 Nedumgolam 53.1 8-4-17-1 484 Mottakkal 46.6 8-3-10-6 541 Nedumon 33.3 8-2-12-3 485 Mukundapuram 44.11 8-3-8-11 542 NEDUMPANA 50 8-4-12 486 MULAVANA 47 8-4-3 543 Neduvancavu 75.5 8-5-11-5 487 Mulavana 47 2 8-4-3-2 544 Neduvathoor 69.7 8-5-5-7 488 Mulayakonam 79.12 8-5-15-12 545 NEDUVATHOOR 70 8-5-6 489 Muhkala 46.7 8-3 10-7 546 Neduvathoor 70.7 8-5-6-7 490 Mullakeri 43.3 8-3-7-3 547 Neduveli 78.9 8-5-14-9 491 Mullanikadu 16.12 8-1-11-12 548 NeeJaswaram 69.8 8-5-5-8

93 INDEX OF VILLAGES AND KARAS

S1. No. No. SI. No. No. in the according in the according Primary to Census Primary to Census Sl. A.ljJhabet~callist of Census Location SI. Alphabetical list of Census Location No. villa~::/kara Abstract Code 'No. village/kara Abstract Code

549 Neelaswaram 70.8 8-5-6-8 604 Pankonam 49.9 8-4-11-9 550 Neelikulam 4l.6 8-3-5-6 605 PANMANA 43 8-3-7 551 Neendakar::.t 45.1 8-3-9-1 606 Panmana 43.8 8-3-7-8 552 Neeravil 59.5 8-4-7-5 607 Panniali 16.9 8-1-11-9 553 Nelletti 52.3 8-4-16-3 608 Pannivizha 23.1 8-2-2-1 554 N e llikunmm 69.12 8-5-5-12 609 Panthala thazham 61.6 8-4-9-6 555 Ndlikuno:tID 75.2 8-5-11-2 610 Panthap1avu 94.9 8-6-9-9 556 Nellipara.nbu 77.6 8-5-13-6 611 Panthrandummuri 26.1 8-2-5-1 557 Ncamani 55.6 8-4-1-6 612 Panthrandummuri 62.3 8-4-10-3 558 Netta yam 76.2 8-5-12-2 613 Panyanthrikoyikkal 87.6 8-6-6-6 559 Nettayam 78.6 8-5-14-6 614 Parakode 23.5 8-2-2-5 560 Nettayam 87.4 8-6-6-4 615 Parankode 76.1 8-5-12-1 561 Nettiyadu 43.12 8-3-7-12 616 Parapur 13.8 8-1-8-8 562 Nilamel 79.14 8-5-15-14 617 PARAVOOR 64 8-4-15 563 Njakanal 38.2 8-3-2-2 618 Parayanali 16.2 8-1-11-2 564 Njarakkadu 95.4 8-6-10-4 619 PATHANAMTHITTA 18 8-1-13 565 Njarakkal 58.7 8-4-6-7 620 PATHANAPURAM 93 8-6-1 566 Njarakkal 59.2 8-4-7-2 621 Pathirica1 93.2 8-6-1-2 567 North Mylakkadu 49.15 8-4-11-15 622 Pathirikka1 26.6 8-~-5-6 568 Odanavattom 74.7 8-5-10-7 623 Pattamthuruthu 55.3 8-4-1-3 569 OMALLOOR 16 8-1-11 624 Pattathanam 44.13 8-3-8-13 570 OMMANNOOR 75 8-5-11 625 Pa ttathanamkara 6l.1 8-4-9-1 571 Ommannoor 75.6 8-5-11-6 626 PATTAZHI 94 8-6-9 572 Onthekadu 13.10 8-1-8-10 627 PAVITHRESWARAM 71 8-5-7 573 Ottakkal 84.9 8-6-3-9 628 Pavithreswaram 7l.5 8-5-7-5 574 Oyoo, 77.8 8-5-13-8 629 Pavumba Thekku 39.9 8-3-3-9 575 Oyoor 78.1 8-5-14-1 630 Pavumba Vadakku 39.8 8-3-3-8 576 Padan" ,~:.trkulangara Thekku 42.11 8-3-6-11 631 Payakodu 77.10 8-5-13-10 577 P ;tuanayarkulangara 632 Pazhaku1am East 22.1 8-2-1-1 Vadakku 42.10 8-3-6-10 633 Pazhakulam West 25.5 8-2-4-5 578 Padinjattakara 46.1 8-3-10-1 634 Pazhangalaru 50.1 8-4-12-1 579 Padinjattinkara 67,4 8-5-3-4 635 PAZHAVANGADI 2 8-1-2 580 Padinjattinkara 69.6 8-5-5-6 636 Pazhavangadi 2.1 8-1-2-1 581 Padinja ttinkara 74.4 8-5-10-4 637 Pazhayar Muri 56.4 8-4-2-4 582 Padmjatturukara 98.7 8-6-15-7 638 Pazhayatheruvu 69,4 8-5-5-4 583 Padinjattum Kizhakkum 639 Pazhayeroor 87.8 8-6-6-8 , . Muri 26.9 8-2-5-9 640 Perayam 49.13 8-4-11-13 584 Padinjatlum Muri 26.8 8-2-5-8 641 Perayan 47.1 8-4-3-1 585 Paikuzhi 37.7 8-3-1-7 6+2 PERINAD 57 8-4-5 586 Paivailibh:lgaru 16.11 8-1-11-11 643 PERINGANAD 22 8-2-1 587 Palakal 46.2 8-3-10-2 644 Perookara 43.5 8-3-7-5 588 PalamalOor 8.1 8-1-17-1 645 Peroor 48.1 8-4-4-1 589 Palathara 61. 7 8-4-9-7 646 Perumannur 97.5 8-6-13-5 590 PALLICKAL 25 8-2-4 647 Perumathazha 37.5 8-3-1-5 591 Pallickat 25.1 8-:2-4-1 648 Perumga1am 55.2 8-4-1-2 592 Pallikkal 66.3 8-5-2-3 649 Perumkulam 65.10 8-5-1-10 593 Pallikkar:J 28.4 8-2-7-4 650 Perumkulam 66.2 8-5-2-2 594 Pallimoll 50.7 8-4-12-7 651 Perumon 57.1 8-4-5-1 0395 Palli%erikkal 29.3 8-2-8-3 652 Perumpuzha 11.1 8-1-6-1 596 Pa10d 43.10 8-3-7-10 653 Perumpuzha 48.4 8-4-4-4 597 Pampali 57.7 8-4-5-7 654 PERUNAD 37 8-3-1 598 Panapetty 29.1 8-2-8-1 655 Perunad 37.2 8-3-1-2 599 Panaveli 68.7 8-5-4-7 656 PERUNADU 4 8-1-4 600 PanaYil!l1 57.3 8-4-5-3 657 Perunadu 4.5 8-1-4-5 601 Panayanachery 91.4 8-6-14-4 658 Perungullur 98.4 8-6-15-4 602 Pandarathuruthu 42.2 8-3-6-2 659 Peruvelikkara 29,4 8-2-8-4 603 Pandithitta 95.1 8-6-10-1 660 Pezhamthuruthu 55.4 8-4-1-1

94 INDEX OF VILLAGES AND KARAS

81. No. No. SI. No. No. in the according in the according Primary to Census Primary to Census 81. Alphabetical list of Census Location SI. Alphabetical list of Census Location No. villageJkara Abstract Code No. village/kara Abstract Code

661 PIDAVOOR 89 8~6-8 718 SOORANAD SOUTH 27 8-2-6 662 Pidavoor 89.1 8-6-8-1 719 Talachira 68.8 8-5-4-8 663 Pinackal Cherry 63.2 8-4-14-2 720 Tazham 62.6 8-4-10-6 664 Pinakkal 32.4 8-4-10-4 721 Thachakonam 80.9 8-5-16-9 665 PlRAVANTHUR 83 8-6-2 722 Thadikkad 97.3 8-6-13-3 666 Piravanthur 83.6 ~-6-2-6 723 THALAVOOR 95 8-6-10 667 Placodu 73.5 8-5-9-5 724 Thamarakudi 66.7 8-5-2-7 668 Plakkattu Cherry '11.3 8-4-13-3 725 Thattamala 61.8 8-4-9-8 669 Podiyattuvila ~7.1 8-6-13-1 726 Thattarkonam 49.1 8-4-11-1 670 Polikottu 75.11 8-5-11-11 727 Thazhamel 91.6 8-6-14-6 671 Ponmana 43.6 8-3-7-6 728 Thazhathu Cherry 63.6 8-4-14-6 672 Poonkodu 79.5 8-5-15-5 129 Thazhathu Muri 56.1 8-4-2-1 673 POOTHAKKULAM 52 8-4-16 730 Thazhathu Vadakku 94.1 8-6-9-1 674 Poothakkulam 52.4 8-4-16-4 731 THAZHAVA 39 8-3-3 675 Poothankara 35.1 8-2-16-1 732 Thazhom 71.1 8-5-7-1 676 Poovattoor East 65.4 8-5-1-4 733 Thazhuthala 49.14 8-4-11-14- 677 Poovattoor West 65.5 8-5-1-5 734 Thazhuthala Cherry 51.1 ·8-4-13-1 678 POOYAPPALLY 77 8-5-13 735 Thekkan Mynagapally 36.2 8-3-11-2 679 Pooyappally 77.3 8-5-13-3 736 Thekkechery 58.6 8-4-6-6 680 Poredom 79.1 8-5-15-1 737 Thekkekottukal 82.4 8-5-18-4 681 PORUVAZHI 28 8-2-7 738 Thekkemuri 26.5 8-2-5-5 682 Pothady 22.8 8-2-1-8 739 Thekke Muri 56.7 8-4-2-7 683 Pozhikkara 64.4 8-4-15-4 740 Thekketheri 94.4 8-6-9-4 684 Prakanam 15.3 8-1-10-3 741 Thekkevila 62.1 8-4-10-1 685 Prakulam 58.5 8-4-6-5 742 THEKKUMBHAGOM 45 8-3-9 686 PRAMADAM 8 8-1-17 743 Thekkumbhagom 45.5 8-3-9-5 687 Pramadam 8.4 8-1-17-4 744 Thekkumbhagom 62.10 8-4-10-10 688 Prayar Thekku 37.1 8-3-1-1 745 Thekkumbhagom 64.6 8-4-15--6 689 Pulamon 66.9 8-5-2-9 746 Thekkumkara Cherry 63.8 8-4-14-8 690 Pu1ikulam 26.2 8-2-5-2 747 Thekkummuri 22.10 8-2-1-10 691 Puliyila 50.3 8-4-12-3 748 Thekkum Muri Kizhakku 39,4 8-3-3-4 692 Puliyoorvanchi The]w( 40.4 8-3-4-4 749 Thekkum Mud Padeetakkara 39.3 8-3-3-3 693 Puliyoorva~chi Vada\ku 40.1 &-3-4-1 750 Thekkumpuram 70.1 8-5-6-1 694 Pullamcode 97.7 8-6-13-7 751 Thengamom 25.7 8-2-4-7 695 Pullupuram 1.3 8-1-1-3 752 Thenma1a 84.10 8-6-3-10 696 PUNALUR 88 8-6-7 753 Theruvi1bhagom 79.2 8-5-15-2 697 Puna1ur Kizhakkekara 88.3 8-6-7-3 754 Thettiyode 68.1 8-S-4-1 698 Puna1ur Padinjarekara 88.2 8-6-7-2 755 THEVALAKARA 46 8-3-10 699 Punnakkadu 13.13 8-1-8-13 756 Thevalapuram 70.2 8-5-6-2 700 Punnakulam 41.9 8-3-S-9 757 Thevannoor 75.13 8-5-11-13 701 Punnala 83.3 8-6-2-3 758 Thevarthottam 97.9 8-6-13-9 702 Punnamon Ela 82.7 8-5-18-7 759 Thirumullavaram 60.S 8-4-8-5 703 Punukannur 48.3 8-4-4-3 760 THODIYOOR 40 8-3-4 704 Puramp 33.2 8-2-12-2 761 Thodiyoor 40.2 8-3-4-2 705 Puthansanketham 46.3 8-3-10-3 762 Thompamon Eram 15.5 8-1-10-5 706 Puthenpeedika 16.3 8-1-11-3 763 Thottamon 11.3 8-1-6-3 707 Puthoor 6S.7 8-5-1-7 764 Thottathummuri 31.3 8-2-10-3 708 Puthucaud 44.6 8-3-8-6 765 Thottinu Vadakku 44.8 8-3-8-8 709 Puthuchira 49.12 8-4-11-12 766 Thottuva 25.4 8-2-4-4 710 Puthusseribhagam 24.9 8-2-3-9 767 THRlKADAVOOR 59 8-4-7 711 Puthusserikonam 7.2.7 8-5-8-7 768 Thrikkannamangal 69.5 8-5-5-5 712 Puthusserimala 11.5 8-1-6-5 769 THRIKKARUVA 58 8-4-6 713 QUILON 60 8-4-8 770 THRIKKOVILVATTOM 49 8-4-11 714 RANNI 11 8-1-6 771 Thrikkovilvattom 49.6 8-4-11-6 715 ~akthikulangara 60.1 8-4-8-1 772 Thrikunnapuzha North 27.7 8-2-6-7 716 SASTHAMCOTTA 29 8-2-8 773 Thrikunnapuzha South 27.6 8-2-6-6 717 SOORANAD NORTH 26 8-2-5 774 Thrippilazhikom 72.6 8-5-8-6 95 l:\I'E't IJF VILLAGES A:-ID KARAS

S1. No. No. S1. No. No. in the according in the according Primary to Census Primary to Census SI. AlphabeticalIist of Census Location S1. Alphabetical list of Census Location No. village/kara Abstract Code No. viUagefkara Abstract Code 775 THRIPPILAZHIKON 73 8-5-9 819 Vallicode 19.5 8-1-16-5 776 Thrippilazhikom 73.1 8-5-9-1 820 Vallom 70.5 8-5-6-5 777 Thudanthala 75.1 8-5-11-1 821 Vanchitra 13.4 8-1-8-4 778 Thudayannur 82.9 8-5-18-9 822 Varavila 37.6 8-3-1-6 779 Thumbodu 87.7 8-6-6-7 823 Varavoor 1.4 8-1-1-4 780 Thuruthikkara 31.2 8-2-10-2 824 Varinjam 53.10 8-4-17-10 781 Thuvayoor North 24.2 8-2-3-2 825 Varinjam 54.1 8-4-18-1 782 Thuvayoor South 32.3 8-2-11-3 826 Vayakal 75.14 8-5-11-14 783 Ugramkunnu 78.3 8-5-14-3 827 Vayala 24.8 8-2-3-8 784 Uliakovil 60.7 8-4-8-7 828 Vayala 82.6 8-5-18-6 785 Uliyanadu 53.9 8-4-17-9 829 Vayala North 19.2 8-1-16-2 786 Uliyanadu 68.3 8-5-4-3 • 830 Vayalathala 12.3 8-1-7-3 787 Uppukudu Muri 56.6 8-4-2-6 831 Vayeyithal 98.1 8-6-15-1 788 Urukkunnu 84.8 8-6-3-8 832 Vazhamuttam 16.13 8-1-11-13 789 Vadakkan Mynagapally 36.1 8-3-11-1 833 Vazhamuttam 19.6 8-1-16-6 790 Vadakkekara 28.1 8-2-7-1 834 Vazhayilbhagom 43.16 8-3-7-16 791 Vadakkekara 58.2 8-4-6-2 835 Velamanur 54.12 8-4-18-12 792 Vadakkekottukal 82.5 8-5-18-5 836 VELINALLUR 78 8-5-14 793 V ADAKKEVILA 61 !!-4-9 837 VELIYAM 74 8-5-10 794 Vadakkevila 6l.2 8·4-9-2 838 Vellakulangara 24.4 8-2-3-4 795 Vadakkumbhagom 45.2 8-3·9-2 839 Vellanathuruthu 42.3 8-3-6-3 796 Vadakkum Cherry 62.8 8-4-1(\-8 840 Vellari 79.11 8-5-15-11 797 Vadakkumkara 841 Vellimala 84.5 8-6-3-5 Kizhakkecherry 63.3 8-4-14-3 842 Vellimangalam 55.7 8-4-1-7 798 Vadakkumkara 843 Vellupara 79.3 8-5-15-3 Padinjarucherry 63.4 8-4-14-4 S44 Venchempu 90.1 8-6-12-1 799 "Vadakkum Muri Kizhakku 39.5 8-3-3-5 845 Vendar 65.9 8-5-1-9 800 Vadakkum Muri Mekku 39.1 8-3-3-1 846 Venga 36.7 8-3-11-7 801 Vadakkumthala Kizhakku 43.2 8-3-7-2 847 Vengali 1.2 8-1-1-2 802 Vadakkumthala Mekku 43.4 8-3-7-4 848 Vengara 40.3 8-3·4-3 803 Vadakode 95.3 8-6-10-3 849 Vengoor 76.4 8-5-12-4 \ 804 Vadaman 91.3 8-6-14-3 850 VETTIKAVALA 68 8-5-4 805 V ADASSERIKARA 5 8-1-5 851 Vettilathazham 49.7 8-4-11-7 806 Vadasserikara 5.5 8-1-5-5 852 Vettipram 18.1 8-1-13-1 807 Vaduthala 43.22 8-3-7-22 853 Vettoor 7.1 8-1-15-1 808 Vaikom 11.4 8-1-6-4 854 Vettoor 8.5 8-1-17-5 809 Vakanad 73.11 8-5-9-11 855 VILAKKUDI 96 8-6-11 810 Valakam 97.6 8-6-13-6 856 Vilakkudi 96.2 8-6-11-2 811 Valakom 75.8 8-5-11-8 857 Vilangara 75.3 8-5-11-3 812 Valanchoozhi 18.6 8-1-13-6 858 Vilanthur 75.4 8-5-11-4 813 Valanchoozhi 8.2 8-1-17-2 859 Vilavoorkonam 54.7 8-4-18-7 814 Valathungal Cherry 62.5 8-4-10·5 860 Villoor 67.8 8-5-3-8 815 Valathungal Cherry 63.1 8-4-14·1 861 Vyanakathukaranxna 38.3 8-3-2-3 816 Valiakulangara 37.8 8·3-1-8 862 WEST KALLADA 30 8-:l-9 817 Valiapadom 30.5 8-2-9-5 863 YEROOR 87 8-6-6 818 VALLICODE 19 8-1-16 864 Yeroor 87.5 8-6-6-5

96