Congressional For the People BlackCaucus One, Two, Volume Number May, 1975 MEMBERS: WilliamClay. Mo Ronald Dellums. Calif Augustus Hawkms. Calif Robert N C Nix. Pa . Mich Barbara Charles Range!. NY Yvonne B Burke. Calif , 111 Jordan. Texas Shirley NY . Mich . DC Ralph Metcalfe. 11l . Ohio ChishoJm. Harold Ford. Term Parren Mitchell. Md Andrew Young. Ga INSIDE: FullEmployment Forum CBC Members Forum 2 in Final Planning Legislative Update 3 In June, thousands of potential mothers and fathers who can sup- A First-Hand View new workers will leave high port their families through work,not of Unemployment 4 schools and colleges to enter the through inadequate and frequently labor force. How will the economy demeaning government assistance Tribute to accomodate this influx? Will there programs. Full employment means Stevie Wonder 4 be jobs for these new young an economy operating at full workers at a time when many of capacity, using the talents and Caucus Notes 5 their parents are unemployed? The skills of all its citizens. The Joanne chart below depicts the critical The Congressional Black unemployment by Little Case 5 situation faced Caucus and the Joint Center for the nation. Clearly, the goal of full Political Studies, recognizing the The Recession and employment— meaningful jobs, at a crucial role of the jobs issue in Minority Enterprises 6 I % IUNEMPLOYMENT RATES: APRIL, 1975 I % I Meeting with 50- 50 President Kaunda, 40.2% 40- PS? -40 *&* $& Zambia "•vXv Republic of 30- $8* -30 On April 20th, members of the Con- 20.4% gressional Black Caucus met with 20- 17.8%— :*£*: -20 President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, 14.6% im and expressed their support of the 10- 8.9% 8,1 % 7.0% 8.6% -10 frank speech g delivered by E3 I President 0- Nation White Black Men Women Youth White Black -0 Kaunda dur- (adult) (age 16 to 19) ing a White dinner House Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics in his honor on April 19th. fair wage, for every citizen who is developing a plan for national eco- President willing recovery, co-sponsoring Kaunda's and able to work—can no nomic are candor about longer be buried under a haze of a major forum: TOWARD FULL inquities in misgivings, misinformation and in- EMPLOYMENT, A VIABLE ECO- President Kaunda U.S. policy action. NOMIC GOAL. The forum will be towards Africa may, in the view of the The Congressional Black held May 20th in the Rayburn Caucus, "mark the beginning of a new Caucus believes that the time has House Office Building, Washington era of U.S. sensitivity to the struggle for come to focus on the question of a D.C. self-determination and majority rule by full employment economy. Full How do we move the nation the people of Southern Africa." employment means a job for those toward full employment? What will Continued on page 6 willingand able to work. It means Continued on page 5 PAGE 2 FOR THE PEOPLE

As a member of the House Commit- President Ford's nomination of Regulatory Commission authorized the tee on International Relations and Nathaniel Davis as Assistant Secretary shipment of 83.4 pounds of highly chairman of its Subcommittee on Inter- of State for Africa. Mr. Davis, inciden- enriched uranium to South Africa—one national tally, was recently appointed, despite of 37 countries that has neither signed, Resources, the vigorous protests of the Congres- nor ratified the NPT. South Africa now Food and sional Black Caucus (Vol. 1,No. 1 FOR possesses enough uranium to produce Energy, I THE PEOPLE, pg 6) and the growing seven nuclear bombs! have placed constituency for Africa in this country. particular Other African countries and soon-to- The principle objective of the NPT is emphasis be-independent areas visited during to prevent an increase inthe number oí on address- the mission included Angola, Mozam- states possessing nuclear weapons or in g the bique, Zambia, Botswana, Swaziland, other nuclear explosive devices. As a problems of Tanzania, Somalia and Kenya. basic step toward keeping this number African na- The Subcommittee on International in check, the NPT provides for strict tions—and Resources, Food and Energy has plan- safeguards to prevent diversion of Rep. Charles Diggs correcting ned a substantial schedule of hear- nuclear fuel and— reactors from many of the inequities and inade- ings. Recent hearings on U.S. Interna- peaceful uses these are ad- quacies that have characterized U.S. tional Energy Policy focused on the ministered by the International Atomic policy toward Africa. The new subcom- direction of that policy particularly, in Energy Agency (lAEA). mittee has jurisdiction over such areas light of the failure of the recent of vital concern to majority-ruled preliminary Paris talks among oil-pro- IN SUMMARY: Africa, as energy and natural ducing countries, industrial consuming With respect to countries not party to resources, food and international com- countries, and non-producing develop- NPT, safeguards apply only to the extent modity agreements, and disaster ing countries. Key emphasis during that the nation supplying nuclear assistance. We willalso continue the these hearings was placed on the im- materials is covered by them. The crucial active interests and oversight ac- pact of U.S. policy on the developing question is whether all nuclear activities tivitiesof the former Subcommittee on countries. Our forthcoming hearings in South Africa are adequately safe- Africa in such issues as the liberation on Food Problems of Developing guarded- If, for example, a government of southern Africa. Countries: Implications for U.S. Policy decides to divert nuclear materials from In February, Iand other Committee provide an opportunity to examine civilian to a military program, as becomes members, including Representative such crucial issues as the current and more possible with the growing inter- Cardiss Collins, participated in a study proposed level of U.S. aid; fertilizer national traffic in nuclear materials and mission to Africa. Allof us are aware of shortages; the distribution of U.S. food technology, the lAEAinspections process the economic problems facing our own aid and foreign policy implications. may not yield clear-cut evidence of a country; however, our experiences During our study mission to Africa, I violation. The legislation I have intro- during the study mission, brought into found the level of U.S. aid inadequate duced, aimed specifically at those sharp focus the criticalissues of star- in comparison to actual assistance countries which have not yet ratified the vation and food shortage which are needs and the level of aid accorded NPT, would avert the danger of pro- matters of survival for Africa. Key non-African states. liferation and dissemination of nuclear events in our study included meetings Future hearings will focus materials and technology, even for withheads of government and leaders specifically on U.S. Policy and Re- peaceful purposes, to those countries of liberation movements to review U.S. lations with South Africa. In that which are not party to the Treaty. The policy toward these nations; to discuss regard, 1 have recently introduced a bill bill does provide for an exception, development and assistance needs; to to prohibit the sale, exchange or whereby the President can determine that assess the impact of the drought and transfer (direct or indirect) of nuclear the sale or transfer of nuclear materials or global inflation. materials or technology to any country technology is essential to the national In Zaire, President Sese Seku which has not ratified the Treaty on security of the U.S.-a determination that Mobutu conveyed his opposition, and Non-Proliferation OfNuclear Weapons Congress must approve by concurrent that of a number of African leaders, to (NPT). Last year, the U.S. Nuclear resolution. FOR THE PEOPLE PAGE 3

VOTING RIGHTS ACT EXTEN- vigorously protested Congress' 3) Mobile Health Units Act (H.R. SION (H.R. 621 9) -The full House seeming timidity in the face of 2304). Two days of hearings have Judiciary Committee has reported President Ford's deficit scare been completed on Representative out by a vote of 27-7 a billto extend rhetoric. The House and Senate Yvonne Burkes bill to provide the Voting Rights Act for an addi- budget figures must be reconciled health services for medically under- tional 10 years. The bill would also in conference. A second budget served areas. The hearings were permanently ban literacy tests and resolution will be considered in Health broaden coverage to include many October. before the and Environment Spanish-speaking and other Subcommittee of Interstate and minorities. The Congressional EMPLOYMENT-The Public Ser- Foreign Commerce. In addition, Black Caucus has unanimously vices and Employment Act (H.R. Congressman Andrew Young has 4481) passed supported provisions of the House on March introduced major health care legis- the this 12th and the Senate on April 25th bill, which Congresswoman Bar- lation. The Comprehensive National with amendments. This legislation Health Care Act of 1975 (H.R. bara Jordan played a key role in provides $5.94 for billion for public 6283). It provides a national health drafting. The major issue, when the service jobs and summer youth system with benefit billreaches the House floor, willbe employment ($6.1 billion in the care broad an amendment by Congressman Senate version). The Director of the coverages for every person in the Caldwell Butler (R-Va.) to add a Office of Management and the U.S. and would be financed new "bail-out' 1 provision which Budget, James Lynn, has stated through a 5% tax on unearned would make iteasier for States and that he willrecommend a Presiden- income (such as stock dividends) localities to be exempted from the tial veto. In that event, support for a and on self-employment earnings; a by Act's requirements, and another veto override Congress will be 6% tax on employers' payroll; a 2% needed. amendment to remove coverage of payroll tax on employees' wages. Spanish-speaking. The Caucus op- COMMITTEE HEARINGS-Hear- A third health bill, The Health poses both amendments. In the ings have begun on several Revenue Sharing Act (H.R. 4925), Senate, the Judiciary Committee's Caucus legislative agenda items, in has been reported out of the Inters- Subcommittee on Constitutional addition to those on gun control tate and Foreign Commerce Com- Rights is presently holding hear- and full employment mentioned in mittee. the AprilUPDATE, these include: ings on the bill. It is important for 4) Mortgage Payment 1) Universal Voter Registration Deferral citizens to inform their representa- — (H.R. 5388). This bill has been re- tives, (post Card Registration H.R. both in the House and the ported out of Banking Currency 1686). Several days of hearings Senate, of their views on this legis- and Housing have been held before the Elec- Committee and awaits lation. scheduling for floor tions Subcommittee of the House action. The bill provides for deferral mortgage HOUSE BUDGET RESOLUTION Administration Committee to con- of payments in cases (H. Con. Res. 218)— The first Con- sider simplified means for voter of economic hardship. current Budget Resolution passed registration. the House on May 1 by a vote of 2) Hatch— Act Reform (H.R. OTHER CURRENT ACTION-The 200-196. The resolution sets as a 3000) Congressman William Energy bills mentioned in the April goal, unemployment an rate of 7.4 Clay's Employee by percent by the end of June, 1976. Subcommittee on UPDATE are being marked up The Caucus views this goal as Political Rights and Intergovern- the Ways and Means and Interstate wholly inadequate and has been mental Programs under the Post Commerce Committee and will ciritical of the resolution's failure to Office and CivilService Committee, reach the House floor soon — make substantive changes in such has been holding hearings on this Congressman Dellums is pressing areas as closing tax loopholes and bill. The bill would permit federal a troop cut amendment which reduction of the miltary budget. An government employees to partici- would reduce excessive U.S. troop amendment by Congressman He- pate in partisan politics. levels. nry Reuss (D-Wis) calls for closing $3 billion in tax loopholes. The House Budget Resolution projects fiscal 1976 spending at $368.2 billion,compared to $349.4 billion in outlays proposed by the Ford Administration's budget. Several members of the Caucus (Reps. Parren Mitchell, and Louis Stokes of the Budget Committee and Rep. John Conyers) have PAGE 4 FOR THE PEOPLE The Hawkins Hearings: A First-Hand View of Unemployment

On February 25, Congressman and civilrights groups, economists, Augustus F. Hawkins, Chairman of and public administrators) have the House Subcommittee on Equal testified on the scope of income Opportunities, began the first of a deprivation and the growing social series of hearings throughout the problems created by massive nation that focus on full employ- unemployment. During the Atlanta ment. The hearings have provided hearings, Reverend Arthur Representative Hawkins and other Langford, President of the United members of his Subcommittee with Youth Adult Conference, testified a first-hand view of the devastating that: "A job, any kind of job helps impact of unemployment in cities keep our youth on the path of across the country. Hawkins has responsibility to themselves and noted that the major objectives of their community.... Full employ- Rep. Augustus F. Hawkins the hearings are "to explain the ment of youth is essential to the squarely depression, capital 'D' community. at concept of full employment as en- concept of a healthy DEPRESSION, with 25 percent visioned in legislation Ihave in- Note the sharp increases in crime unemployment (H.R. Back in the troduced 50 The Equal Op- rates among youthful offenders. the nation mobilized its portunity Employment Act) Yet, $600, employ 1930s and Full for we can a resources to deal with an agri- and to examine the socio-econom- youth during the summer and for cultural crisis that made wasteland year." ic implications of full employment $5,000 during the entire of rich farming country and and its immediate applicability in Langford noted that the estimated uprooted whole populations from resolving the present economic cost of incarcerating a youthful of- the countryside. We can do no less crisis." fender is $12,000 per year. The Na- the ful! recently for out cities in 19705. A To date, hearing sites have in- tional League of Cities has employment, job guarantee pro- require cluded: estimated that cities will gram provides meaningful $706 that million to employ 1.2 million work for our people is a critical Washington D.C. February 25 and youth this summer. House-passed March 18 step." supplemental appropriations Congressman Detroit, Mich. March 24 $412.7 Inquiries on Los Angeles, Calif. March 26 would provide million for Hawkins' full employment hearings Atlanta, Ga. April 4 summer youth employment. and legislation should be directed Philadelphia, Pa. April 11 Opportunities Santa Fe, NM. May 2 Detroit Mayor, Coleman Young to the Equal Sub- testified that, "While the rest of the committee of the Education and In each city, a diverse array of nation worries about recession, Labor Committee, Rm. 61 9, U.S. witnesses (including labor repre- about six or seven or eight percent House of Representatives Annex sentatives, elected officials, civic unemployment, Detroit looks Bldg., Washington 20515 D.C.

advocate for the Caucus, conveyed his high, personal regard for each member. Tribute to Stevie Wonder On May 10th, Stevie Wonder was honored by the Washington D.C. com- On May 12th, the Congressional Black munity in its Fourth Annual Human Caucus held a private tribute luncheon in Kindness Day. The event, hosted by honor of Stevie Wonder, noted black Congressman Ronald V. Deiiums and his singer, composer, musician. Stevie wife Roscoe, focused on Stevie Wonder as Wonder is one of many artists who have an art'st wno act've'y wor^s to advance generously donated their time and talents tne 'nterests °f black people. Mrs. Roscoe in support of the Caucus. Wonder was Dellums stated, "Stevie Wonder, a gentle presented a plaque containing the em- and beautiful black man, has become an bossed, autographed pictures of Caucus institution to the world of music. He is a members. In addition,he received oral and symbol of courage to a people socialized written tributes. In an arena °^ a'se van^y ar|d greed. He Congressman Charles B. Rangel, chair- nas rou9nt profound dignity, sensitivity man of the Caucus noted that, "Stevie an<^ humanity to an often exploitive Wonder has expressed, through his industry. He has made a proud black dedication and music, the kind of people even prouder, and his talent has humanism we seek to protect in the forced America to stand up and Congress." Stevie Wonder, a vigorous Stevie Wónder applaud." FOR THE PEOPLE PAGE 5 tunity to examine the impact of international economic conditions Forum- on the American economy. "The Continued from page 1 Subcommittee will give special emphasis to examining: the role it cost to bring about full employ- and impact of multi-national corpo- ment? What are the social costs rations on jobs and prices in the and implications of our current U.S.; foreign investments in the continuing high unemployment? U.S.; and discriminatory practices What are the political chances, re- in international finances", says Nix. alistically, for passage of a Full Employment Act this year? These Rep. Ronald V.Dellums, a member Rep. Yvonne Burke in a recent and other issues willbe addressed of the recently created Select statement on the evacuation of by participants in the Forum. Committee on Intelligence, in 130,000 Vietnamese to the U.S. ob- examining the CIA noted that: served: "We also want to know Now in its final planning stages, "Each of us must be very con- what plans the Administration has the forum will be organized as an cerned with the delicate nature of for assimilating these evacuees in Ad Hoc Congressional Hearing. the Central Intelligence Agency's the economy ...And what are these The two major objectives of this role and Icertainly have no wish to Vietnamese going to do for jobs, event are: 1) to present media interfere with,or expose legitimate when eight million U.S. citizens are decision makers and the working functions. However, Ibelieve that presently looking for work with no press with a more detailed any abuses must be corrected and relief in sight ... We watched the perspective on who is really hurt by there are legislative measures that war on poverty turn to ashes unemployment and a clear under- must be taken to insure the proper because of Vietnam and Blacks standing of the economic, legis- safeguards, established to preclude have suffered most from the ravag- lative and political implications of action beyond Congressional man- ing inflation started by that war." full employment; 2) to project the 7 date.' Dellums, also a member of Rep. Ralph Metcalfe, Chairman issue of fullemployment as a viable the House Armed Services Com- of the Panama Canal Subcommit- alternative to the nation's current mittee, has introduced legislation to tee returned, on April 9, from a four- and devastating joblessness strengthen Congressional oversight day fact finding mission in the levels. of the CIA (HR 343-Central Canal Zone. The U.S. and Panama Intelligence Agency Control Act, are presently engaged in treaty The Hearing Panels will include and HR 1267— Central Intelligence negotiations on the future of the members of the Congressional Disclosure Act. Both in the Armed Zone. In oversight hearings con- Black Caucus, other members of Services Subcommittee on Investi- ducted April 21 and 22, Metcalfe Congress in both the House and gations). expressed optimism on continued Senate, representatives of the Joint Rep. Robert N. C. Nix,has been close relationships between the Center for Political Studies and named chairman of the Inter- U.S. and Panama. However, he several noted publishers and edi- national Economic Policy Sub- voiced a number of concerns about tors. Invited witnesses include: committee of the International improvement of working and living Mayor Coleman Young of Detroit; Relations Committee. The Chair- conditions for Panamanians resid- William Lucy, American Federation manship will provide Nix an oppor- ing in the Zone. of State, County and Municipal Employees; MurrayFinley, Amalgamated Clothing Workers; Eleanor Holmes Norton, Commis- sioner, Human Rights Commission Representatives Yvonne B. most oppressive in the entire of New York; Clarence Mitchell, Burke, country. Shirley Chisholm and John Nearly 35% of the nation NAACP; Renault Robinson, Conyers have called for Justice prisoners on death row await Afro- American Department intervention in the execution in North Carolina, and Patrolmen's League, prosecution of Joanne the overwhelming majority of these Chicago, Dr. James Comer, Psy- murder chiatrist, Yale Little. Ms. Little, a 20-year-old inmates are black." Representative University; Dr. black woman, is accused of the Chisholm, of Bernard Anderson, Economist, in a statement Wharton School fatal stabbing of her Beaufort, members of the media on April 15, of Business; Carolina jailer, Clarence Luncheon Speaker, Vice President North said: "A woman's right to defend Nelson Aligood. Ms. Little maintains that herself during sexual attack, Rockefeller. her actions were in self-defense whether she is incarcerated or not, against a rape attempt by Aligood. must be examined in light of such Beaufort County Superior Repre- The Congressional Black Caucus The cases as Joanne Little's". is currently assembling a com- Court has denied a pre-trial motion sentative Burke noted, "We cannot prehensive listing of technical, to quash the murder indictment. conscionably ignore Joanne Little's public interest, community action Ms. Little faces the death penalty. assertions of self-defense, nor the and local political organizations. Representative John Conyers, allegations that other women have Constituent interest, input and ac- of the House Judiciary's subjected tion are vital for responsive legis- chairman been to sexual abuse lation. If you wish to be included in Subcommittee on Crime has while incarcerated. We believe there the Network, fill out the form on labelled the North Carolina legal is sufficient reason to justify an page 3. system as, "perhaps one of the inquiry into this situation." PAGE 6 FOR THE PEOPLE

In June 1971, the Presidential moratorium would be in effect over Advisory Council on Minority Busi- a two year period, oruntil such time ness Enterprise reported that, as the President reasonably "Some black businessmen have, declares we are no longer in a despite severe handicaps, been "Proportional representation period of recession. Parren to initiate and among able maintain suc- minority Mitchell is also several co- cessful businesses. But the overall of entrepreneurs sponsors of H.R. 5059, a bill bleak, provide picture is with blacks own- remains an designed to tax relief for ing only a small percentage of small businesses— now before the — " American business assets and illusive goal. House Ways and Means Commit- not even a significant percentage tee. of trade or service businesses in A number of Caucus members their own communities." Over the (Representatives Burke, years, Yvonne last six since the creation of Dellums, Shirley Chisholm, of Minority Ronald the Office Business En- average failure rate for black busi- Rangel, terprise Charles Harold Ford and within the Commerce nesses during 1972-1975 may be Parren Mitchell) are among the co- Department, black ownership in 40.2 percent. The Research Center sponsors of H.R. 4888, designed to business has increased. However, also estimated that over one-third provide proportional representation financial assistance for of of the black-owned firms operating purchase of replacement minority entrepreneurs rent or remains an over 1972 to date were less profita- quarters by small businesses thai illusive goal. ble in 1974 than in 1973 and many must move because of federal or The combined assets of all more willbe on the brink of failure federally-assisted programs. minority This banks in the nation are by the end of 1975. legislation, by Joseph percent introduced less than 10 of the assets Black businesses, both in the (D-NY), is currently twenty Addabo before of any one of the largest North and South, are stillconcentr- the Small Business Administration non-minority banks in the U.S. ated in relatively low growth Subcommittee. Status reports on While the failure rate for all cor- markets such as personal services legislation affecting minority porate country eco- firms in the and retail trade. Less than 8 per- development percent nomic will be re- averages 0.5 per year, that cent of the non-minority-owned en- ported in future issues of FOR minority THE of small and businesses is terprises are concentrated in these PEOPLE. much higher. For example, using areas, compared to nearly two- liabilities as a measure of size, we thirds of the minority businesses. find that in 1973 only 3.7 percent of In 1972, the Census Bureau re- Kaunda— the firms with liabilities in excess ported that over 21,000 of the Continued from page 1 $1 out of million went of business. 32,000 'counted' minority-owned requested However, percent President Kaunda the 26 of the firms businesses in the nation were in meeting with the Black Caucus members with liabilities ranging from $5,000 retail trade or selected services. to renew old friendships and inform black $25,000 year to failed that and The Congressional Black America of the purpose of his visit. A nearly 42 percent of those firms Caucus recognizes the crucial role broad range of issues were discussed, with liabilities ranging between of minority entrepreneurship in $25,000 $100,000 including President Kaunda's recent con- and went under. fostering positive economic the say, many tacts with South African and Needless to small and development for the black com- regimes, position the minority Rhodesian the of firms are clustered in debt munity. Representative Parren Organization Unity $5,000 of African visa-vis levels ranging from to introducing legislation movement, the linkage $100,000. Mitchell is the liberation that would place a moratorium on between the OAU and black Americans, The current economic crisis has repayment ofprinciple and interest Zambia's economic conditions, U.S. taken its greatest tollon those least on Small Business Administration foreign assistance to Zambia, and the role able to bear the burdens and the loans. The moratorium is designed of the U.S. business interests in shaping black business community is no to assist many small businesses U.S. foreign policy towards South Africa. exception to that rule. According to facing failure because of the cur- Meetings with African dignitaries and a recent survey conducted by the rent inflation and recession. The State representatives are part of the Black Economic Research Center legislation encompasses all loans Caucus' on-going support of African (BERC) in New York City, the made after January 1,1970 and the liberation and progress.