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NEGOTIATING RELIGIOUS IDENTITY in the INFIDEL FILM a Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment O

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NEGOTIATING RELIGIOUS IDENTITY in the INFIDEL FILM a Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment O NEGOTIATING RELIGIOUS IDENTITY IN THE INFIDEL FILM A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One (S1) PURNAMA SARI MAHARANI 1113026000002 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2017 ABSTRACT Purnama Sari Maharani, Negotiating Religious Identity in The Infidel Film. Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, 2017. This research is intended to identify the issue of religious identity an immigrant Muslim who was born as a Jew. The unit analysis of this research is The Infidel film (2010) which is directed by Josh Appignanesi and written by David Baddiel. The methodology of this research is qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The issue of religious identity in the film begins to appear when the main character, named Mahmud Nasir, is asked to learn about Jewish culture by Rabii. This requirement aims to prepare himself how to behave like a Jew in front of his biological father. According to the issue, this research focuses on the strategy which is used by Mahmud Nasir to resolve his religious identity problem. Therefore, the researcher uses the identity concept from Stuart Hall, especially the notion that is arranged by Hall about the three potential strategies to resolve the identity problem. As a result, the researcher finds out that Mahmud is used negotiation strategy to resolve his religious identity. Keywords: Film Analysis, Identity, Religious Identity, Negotiation strategy, Pakistani immigrant i ii iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it vontains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. Jakarta, August 29th 2017 Purnama Sari Maharani iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT In the Name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. The first and foremost the researcher gives her highest grateful to Allah SWT, the Lord of the universe and the thereafter, for His blessing, love, and mercy to the researcher to complete this thesis. May the peace and blessing of Allah SWT also be upon to our precious messenger the Prophet Muhammad SAW and all of his followers, Ameen. In this valuable chance, the researcher intends to express her gratitude and appreciation to her beloved parents, Mr. Purnomo and Mrs.Tri Ningrum, who always give their prayer, endless affection, and support to the researcher to finish this thesis. Her gratitude also goes to my two annoying brothers, Juli Kriswanto and Dwi Ananto, and also to the only one weird niece, Ziva Azarah for giving a tranquil ambience when the researcher arranges her thesis at home. The next, the researcher is very grateful to have some close friends who always support her from the earlier semester until now. They are Lana Prismanisa, Widya Atsmara, Danti Yaniar, Elsya Prawita Oktafiani, Dewi Sri Azizah Utami, Tiya Intan Permata Sari, and Angelina Dyah Puspitasari. The researcher would like to say big thanks to them for being good sister who always ready to help and also thanks for being good listener for every problem she faced. Love you all. Sincerely, the researcher also presents her great gratitude and honor to her advisor Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum for the great patient, times, supervision, advice, and guidance from the very early stage of this research until this research is complete. v Thank you Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, this thesis will not complete without your contribution. The researcher also presents her great gratitude and appreciation to the following persons: 1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.Ag, the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty 2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd, the Head of English Letters Department 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, the Secretary of English Letters Department 4. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum and Maria Ulfa, M.A., M.Hum as the examiners of this thesis. 5. All the lecturers of English Letters Department for their valuable knowledge during the researcher studies at State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 6. Alvisyahrin, Danti Yaniar and Elsya Prawita Oktafiani, who help the researcher to complete this research. 7. All the researcher‘s friends, RAR, Oprec of Obeon, Apadah, geng kobim, CROWSA and Literature‘13. She thanks for the sharing and friendship. 8. All people who help the researcher to finish this thesis that cannot be mentioned one by one. May Allah gives His blessing to everyone who helps the researcher to finish this thesis. Ameen Jakarta, August 29th 2017 Purnama Sari Maharani vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i APPROVAL SHEET ii LEGALIZATION iii DECLARATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v TABLE OF CONTENTS vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study 1 B. Focus of the Study 4 C. Research Question 4 D. Significance of the Research 5 E. Research Methodology 5 1. The Objectives of The Research 6 2. The Method of the Research 6 3. The Technique of Data Analysis 7 4. The Instrument of the Research 8 5. The Unit of Analysis 8 6. The Time and Place 9 CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK A. Previous Research 10 B. Identity Concept 13 vii CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING A. Mahmud Nasir Character 18 B. Mahmud Nasir‘s Religious Identity Strategy 30 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions 45 B. Suggestions 48 WORKS CITED 49 APPENDIX 52 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Year by year, amount of immigrant population in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, known as UK or Britain, increases about 3.8 million in 1993 to over 8.7 million in 2015. The capital city of United Kingdom, London, obtains the highest percentage of immigrant population at 36.8% (Vargas-Silva and Rienzo). The migration in this district happens because the prospect which is offered toward the immigrants. For instance, the city of London has plentiful opportunities for newcomers such as job, education, and many others. According to UKCISA (UK Council for International Student Affairs) that is quoted in The Guardian, nearly 103.000 international students study in London in 2011 to 2012 (Zeballos). In addition, most of the immigrants come from numerous regions such as India that occupy the highest percentage of immigrant population in London at 9.1%, followed by Poland 5.3%, Pakistan 4.03%, Nigeria 3.72%, Bangladesh 3.13%, Ireland 3.13%, Italy 2.83%, France 2.82%, Jamaica 2.73%, Romania 2.69%, and many others (Vargas-Silva and Rienzo). Based on this statistic data, Islam adherent becomes one of the immigrants in London, known as British Muslim immigrant, because the immigrants who come from Pakistan and Bangladesh are majority Muslim (Pakistan Country Profile and Bangladesh Country Profile). Moreover, this statistic data potrays that London has various 1 2 cultures because of the diversity of cultural groups1 in each foreign country. For this phenomenon, the diversity of cultural groups can influence the identity of British Muslim immigrants. As consequence, this circumstance makes British Muslim immigrants confront their identity problem because the identity of the immigrants are formed by the relation and the interaction between the immigrant and the other cultural groups (Hall 597). Therefore, British Muslim immigrants should have the strategy to resolve their identity problem. The issue of the identity problem itself contains all of the things which relate with culture, such as the custom, ethnicity, race, stereotype of sexual orientation, even the religion2 and many others (Barker 174). There are many literary works which illustrate the issue of the identity problem. One of an example is British comedy-drama film, entitled East is East (1999), which is written by Ayub Khan-Din. The movie tells about Zaheed George Khan‘s 1 Cultural group membership and identity serve two important functions for individuals. According to Will Kymlicka and Kenneth Karst, they provide means by which an individual can achieve "belonging" and self-identification, and they form the basic scaffold of values and perspectives by which one evaluates and gives meaning to experiences and actions. Religion, race, and ethnicity are types of cultural groupings and consequently are important sources of self- definition; they serve as reference points of identity for an individual and others (Yang 127 and 128) 2 Boffetti (2004) citing Paul Tillich‘s definition of religion as ―that which we designate as our symbol of ultimate concern‖. This suggests that religion relates to symbols with ultimate spiritual relevance and influence in worshippers way of life (see, Boffetti, 2004). Pecorino (2000) notes that a robust definition of religion needs to meet a number of requirements such as: involvement of the totality of life; is open to all kinds of people; deals with issues naturally in widely different activities; deals with issues in widely different notions and beliefs; exists and is practiced in both private and social milieus; is open to various opinions as to the veracity or otherwise its beliefs; and has repercussions perceived to be either harmful or beneficial to persons and groups. In view of the above requirements, he defines religion as ―the most intensive and comprehensive method of valuing that is experienced by humankind‖ (Chapter 3, Philosophy of religion). He argues that this definition is both ideal and actual. It does empower us to comprehend and explain religious phenomena in a better way. It also empowers us to comprehend the difference between religious experience and other kinds of human experiences. It also helps us to understand the relationships between religion and other forms of life such as language, among others (see, Pecorino, 2000) (Oppong 11) 3 children, Pakistani Muslim immigrant, who reject Pakistani custom because Zaheed‘s children are born and raised up in Britain (Manzoor).
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