EXEC 2 on System/370 [June published in California during 30], but its popularity meant it the 1980's and 1990's which March 20th was also ported to OS/2 [Dec 4], covered everyday Californian MVS, VM, PC-DOS [Aug 12], and concerns such as virtual reality AmigaOS [July 23]. (VR) and smart drugs. It included interviews with Debbie Ralph Roy Barclay In 1995 Cowlishaw created Harry [July 23], Frank Zappa, Born: March 20, NetRexx, the first language other Stephen Wolfram [June 23], than Java [May 23] to compile Genesis P-Orridge [Feb 18], Soap Lake, Washington and run on the JVM. 1942; William Burroughs [Jan 28], and Died: July 10, 2009 more. In retrospect, it was a According to J. F. Doherty, somewhat more anarchic and AT&T’s former director of Presidential subversive precursor to Wired security, Barclay should be [Jan 2]. credited with inventing phone DICTION phreaking and creating the first “little blue box” [Oct ??]. Spring 1984 Barclay's phreaking career In 1984, Roderick P. Hart began when he was a first year published "The Language of the electrical engineering student at Modern Presidency" in the Washington State. He was journal "Presidential Studies browsing in the library one day Quarterly" , and subsequently when he came across Breen and the book “Verbal Style and the Dahlbaum’s article “Signaling Presidency: A Computer-Based Systems for the Control of Analysis”. Telephone Switching” in the Bell Hart had used his DICTION System Technical Journal [May software to analyze the language 17]. It motivated him to find out of 266 speeches (38 for each of more about the phone system, the seven post-war Presidents) via telephone manuals and in terms of six categories: discarded equipment, and activity (words that imply eventually led to his building the movement, change); positivity The cover of "High Frontiers" first blue box in a single (optimistic language); rigidity #1. Online at weekend. (firm beliefs); realism (practical https://archive.org/details/mo focus); wordiness (lots of Soon he was able to make free ndohistory calls to England, but Barclay adjectives); and patriotism (traditions and values). noted that, “I didn’t know The magazine was born at the anybody in England to call.” DICTION decided that Nixon was Spring equinox as High Barclay also said that the choice the least wordy, and Carter the Frontiers, edited by R. U. Sirius of blue for his boxes wasn’t a most verbose. Nixon was also (aka Ken Goffman), and later conscious decision; it was the most realistic, and Carter the “Queen Mu” / “Alison simply a consequence of the most deluded. Wonderland” (aka Alison Bailey Kennedy). standard blue metallic color DICTION began its life on a used for hardware. mainframe, but eventually The magazine transmutated into moved to the PC, and became a Reality Hackers in 1988 to better general tool for analyzing reflect its drugs and computing REXX Begins language patterns. The current themes, and St. Jude (aka Judith version (7.0) can search a Milhon) apparated to help with March 20, 1979 passage for five general features editing. as well as thirty-five sub- Rexx (REstructured eXtended features. Aside from its use in The stars were obviously in eXecutor) is a scripting and politics, it has been applied to alignment that year since Boing macro language, somewhat speaking styles in education, Boing [Jan 21] also debuted, reminiscent of PL/I [June 25], diplomacy, religion, and stand- sharing many of the same which became very popular in up comedy. interests, and contributors. the 1980's for generating reports. Rexx can be considered In 1989, Reality Hackers reached a precursor to languages like for a new plane of existence as Perl [Dec 18], PHP [June 8], and Mondo 2000 Mondo 2000, perhaps to reflect Python [Jan 31]. the magazine's move away from March 20, 1984 techno-utopianism. R. U. Sirius Rexx was developed at IBM by once said that he'd rather watch Mike Cowlishaw to replace the Mondo 2000 was a glossy "Ren and Stimpy" on caffeine older IBM languages EXEC and cyberculture magazine

1 than write about VR and smart Charlie Athanas was brought in Despite all this, the machine drugs another time. for issues 9-14. He upgraded to a wasn't a big seller, perhaps Mac Plus, moved from MacPaint because of its high price R.U. Sirius, Queen Mu, and to FullPaint, and started using a ($7,499). which was soon assorted kooks ran the magazine graphics tablet and stylus. slashed to as low as $1,999. from Kennedy’s home in the North Berkeley Hills. The Saenz later developed Alternatively, the real "interest 'Mondo House' was legendary ComicWorks (1986), the first PC killer" might have been its for its parties, with guests software for creating comics. He appearance in the movie bomb including the likes of Timothy also drew the comic book “Iron “Batman & Robin” (1997). Alfred Leary, John Perry Barlow [Oct Man: Crash” (1988), the first magically uses a TAM to burn 3], Jaron Lanier [May 3], and computer-created graphic novel, data onto a CD, a capability the William Gibson [Sept 3]. and 64 pages long. real machine didn't have. For another Apple appearance in that film, see [March 7]. Shatter TAM Nevertheless, the TAM announced Apple’s move March 20 ??, 1985 March 20, 1997 towards more stylish-looking computers, and was one of Jony Shatter was the first Apple released the limited- Ive’s [Feb 27] first projects. commercially published comic edition Twentieth Anniversary book where all the artwork was Macintosh (TAM) to After Steve Jobs' return to Apple drawn directly on a computer commemorate the company’s [Sept 16], he scrapped the TAM rather than being scanned from 20th birthday [April 1]. which was hardly a surprise inked pages. since he had previously said that “Limited” meant around 12,000 he hated it. Shatter's artist, Mike Saenz, units, which has made the TAM employed MacPaint [?? 1951] on something of a collector’s item. an Apple Mac [Jan 24] using a standard mouse. Each drawing Barron’s Burning was limited by the machine's 72ppi monochrome screen that March 20, 2000 could display just 512×342 Barron’s, a respected US pixels. It meant that only 2/3 of financial journal, ran a cover a comic page could be worked story by Jack Willoughby on at a time. entitled “Burning Up; Warning: The artwork was printed on a Internet Companies are Running dot-matrix ImageWriter [?? Out of Cash – Fast”. He reported: 1983] for the first few months “It’s no secret that most Internet until Apple donated a companies continue to be LaserWriter [March 1]. Adobe money-burners. Of the PostScript fonts were then used companies in the Pegasus for the text, and the printed survey, 74% had negative cash graphics became much less flows. For many, there seems to be little realistic hope of profits pixelated. A TAM. Photo by Morn. CC BY- in the near term.” The output was colored by SA 3.0. Saenz, and then photographed This article came at the so it could be mass printed using The machine was a showcase of beginning of the dot-com crash traditional page layout and color Apple's cutting edge technology [March 10], and was probably a separation techniques. and design kudos. It was the first factor in its acceleration. The to feature a track pad, the first text of the article is online at The first shattering episode of with a flat screen (12.1-inches http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~ad Shatter appeared in the March and in color), the first PowerPC amodar/New_Home_Page/articl 1985 issue of the UK computer desktop not to be beige (it es/cashburn.htm magazine Big K, which is online dressed in metal and leather at: instead), and the first to feature https://archive.org/details/12- a vertical CD drive. It had big-k-magazine. The story, by television and FM radio tuners, Peter B. Gillis, concerns a 1980's and a Bose sound system with a style cyberpunk dystopia. sub-woofer. Shatter ran for 14 issues, Each TAM was delivered to its finishing in April 1988, but discerning customer by limo, Saenz left after the third issue, accompanied by a Apple staff and the artwork reverted to the member in a tuxedo. traditional approach until

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