Dogri Language
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The Origins, Evolution and Decline of the Khojki Script
The origins, evolution and decline of the Khojki script Juan Bruce The origins, evolution and decline of the Khojki script Juan Bruce Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Typeface Design, University of Reading, 2015. 5 Abstract The Khojki script is an Indian script whose origins are in Sindh (now southern Pakistan), a region that has witnessed the conflict between Islam and Hinduism for more than 1,200 years. After the gradual occupation of the region by Muslims from the 8th century onwards, the region underwent significant cultural changes. This dissertation reviews the history of the script and the different uses that it took on among the Khoja people since Muslim missionaries began their activities in Sindh communities in the 14th century. It questions the origins of the Khojas and exposes the impact that their transition from a Hindu merchant caste to a broader Muslim community had on the development of the script. During this process of transformation, a rich and complex creed, known as Satpanth, resulted from the blend of these cultures. The study also considers the roots of the Khojki writing system, especially the modernization that the script went through in order to suit more sophisticated means of expression. As a result, through recording the religious Satpanth literature, Khojki evolved and left behind its mercantile features, insufficient for this purpose. Through comparative analysis of printed Khojki texts, this dissertation examines the use of the script in Bombay at the beginning of the 20th century in the shape of Khoja Ismaili literature. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
A Structural Analysis of Dogri Temporal Markers
Dialectologia 23 (2019), 235-260. ISSN: 2013-2247 Received 11 April 2017. Accepted 8 OctoBer 2017. A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF DOGRI TEMPORAL MARKERS Tanima ANAND & Amitabh VIKRAM DWIVEDI Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, India** [email protected] / amitabhvikram @yahoo.co.in Abstract The present paper aims to investigate the structural and semantic properties of the temporal markers in Dogri language. It centralizes at investigating the modifications which are carried out in Dogri for the previous generalizations of the already formulated tense theories propounded by Comrie (1985), Olphen (1975), Guru (1982), Kuryɬowicz (1956), Partee (1973), and alike. The study focuses on the linguistic realization of tense in Dogri where the grammaticalization and lexicalization of temporal markers is discussed. It employs a quantitative approach and considers linguistic typology as a frame of reference to study the range of variation in tense, also taking into consideration the apparent anomalies and deviations which Dogri occupies within the boundaries of the already generated theories of grammatical tense. The present study involves the analysis of the discourse, both written and spoken. The discourse is corpus constituting the spontaneous Dogri spoken in the standardized form in the Jammu region. Keywords structural, semantic, cross-linguistic, typology, empirically, corpus, Dogri ANÁLISIS ESTRUCTURAL DE LOS MARCADORES TEMPORALES EN DOGRI Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar las propiedades estructurales y semánticas de los marcadores temporales en la lengua dogri. Se centra en la investigación de las modificaciones llevadas a cabo en dogri por las generalizaciones previas de las ya formuladas teorías sobre el tiempo verbal propuestas por Comrie (1985), Olphen (1975), Guru (1982), Kuryɬowicz (1956), Partee (1973) y otros. -
LIST of PROGRAMMES Organized by SAHITYA AKADEMI During APRIL 1, 2016 to MARCH 31, 2017
LIST OF PROGRAMMES ORGANIZED BY SAHITYA AKADEMI DURING APRIL 1, 2016 TO MARCH 31, 2017 ANNU A L REOP R T 2016-2017 39 ASMITA Noted women writers 16 November 2016, Noted Bengali women writers New Delhi 25 April 2016, Kolkata Noted Odia women writers 25 November 2016, Noted Kashmiri women writers Sambalpur, Odisha 30 April 2016, Sopore, Kashmir Noted Manipuri women writers 28 November 2016, Noted Kashmiri women writers Imphal, Manipur 12 May 2016, Srinagar, Kashmir Noted Assamese women writers 18 December 2016, Noted Rajasthani women writers Duliajan, Assam 13 May 2016, Banswara, Rajasthan Noted Dogri women writers 3 March 2016, Noted Nepali women writers Jammu, J & K 28 May 2016, Kalimpong, West Bengal Noted Maithili women writers 18 March 2016, Noted Hindi women writers Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 30 June 2016, New Delhi AVISHKAR Noted Sanskrit women writers 04 July 2016, Sham Sagar New Delhi 28 March 2017, Jammu Noted Santali women writers Dr Nalini Joshi, Noted Singer 18 July 2016, 10 May, 2016, New Delhi Baripada, Odisha Swapan Gupta, Noted Singer and Tapati Noted Bodo women writers Gupta, Eminent Scholar 26 September 2016, 30 May, 2016, Kolkata Guwahati, Assam (Avishkar programmes organized as Noted Hindi women writers part of events are subsumed under those 26 September 2016, programmes) New Delhi 40 ANNU A L REOP R T 2016-2017 AWARDS Story Writing 12-17 November 2016, Jammu, J&K Translation Prize 4 August 2016, Imphal, Manipur Cultural ExCHANGE PROGRAMMES Bal Sahitya Puraskar 14 November 2016, Ahmedabad, Gujarat Visit of seven-member -
Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration System: a Corpus Based Approach
Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration System: A Corpus based Approach Tejinder Singh Saini1 and Gurpreet Singh Lehal2 1 Advanced Centre for Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature & Culture, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India [email protected] http://www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org 2 Department of Computer Science, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India [email protected] Abstract. This research paper describes a corpus based transliteration system for Punjabi language. The existence of two scripts for Punjabi language has created a script barrier between the Punjabi literature written in India and in Pakistan. This research project has developed a new system for the first time of its kind for Shahmukhi script of Punjabi language. The proposed system for Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi transliteration has been implemented with various research techniques based on language corpus. The corpus analysis program has been run on both Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi corpora for generating statistical data for different types like character, word and n-gram frequencies. This statistical analysis is used in different phases of transliteration. Potentially, all members of the substantial Punjabi community will benefit vastly from this transliteration system. 1 Introduction One of the great challenges before Information Technology is to overcome language barriers dividing the mankind so that everyone can communicate with everyone else on the planet in real time. South Asia is one of those unique parts of the world where a single language is written in different scripts. This is the case, for example, with Punjabi language spoken by tens of millions of people but written in Indian East Punjab (20 million) in Gurmukhi script (a left to right script based on Devanagari) and in Pakistani West Punjab (80 million), written in Shahmukhi script (a right to left script based on Arabic), and by a growing number of Punjabis (2 million) in the EU and the US in the Roman script. -
List of Documentaries Produced by Sahitya Akademi
LIST OF DOCUMENTARIES PRODUCED BY SAHITYA AKADEMI S.No.AuthorDirected byDuration 1. Amrita Pritam (Punjabi) Basu Bhattacharya 60 minutes 2. Akhtar-ul-Iman (Urdu) Saeed Mirza 60 minutes 3. V.K. Gokak (Kannada) Prasanna 60 minutes 4. ThakazhiSivasankara Pillai (Malayalam) M.T. Vasudevan Nair 60 minutes 5. Gopala krishnaAdiga (Kannada) Girish Karnad 60 minutes 6. Vishnu Prabhakar (Hindi) Padma Sachdev 60 minutes 7. Balamani Amma (Malayalam) Madhusudanan 27 minutes 8. VindaKarandikar (Marathi) Nandan Kudhyadi 60 minutes 9. Annada Sankar Ray (Bengali) Budhadev Dasgupta 60 minutes 10. P.T. Narasimhachar (Kannada) Chandrasekhar Kambar 27 minutes 11. Baba Nagarjun (Hindi) Deepak Roy 27 minutes 12. Dharamvir Bharti (Hindi) Uday Prakash 27 minutes 13. D. Jayakanthan (Tamil) Sa. Kandasamy 27 minutes 14. Narayan Surve (Marathi) DilipChitre 27 minutes 15. BhishamSahni (Hindi) Nandan Kudhyadi 27 minutes 16. Subhash Mukhopadhyay (Bengali) Raja Sen 27 minutes 17. TarashankarBandhopadhyay(Bengali)Amiya Chattopadhyay 27 minutes 18. VijaydanDetha (Rajasthani) Uday Prakash 27 minutes 19. NavakantaBarua (Assamese) Gautam Bora 27 minutes 20. Mulk Raj Anand (English) Suresh Kohli 27 minutes 21. Gopal Chhotray (Oriya) Jugal Debata 27 minutes 22. QurratulainHyder (Urdu) Mazhar Q. Kamran 27 minutes 23. U.R. Anantha Murthy (Kannada) Krishna Masadi 27 minutes 24. V.M. Basheer (Malayalam) M.A. Rahman 27 minutes 25. Rajendra Shah (Gujarati) Paresh Naik 27 minutes 26. Ale Ahmed Suroor (Urdu) Anwar Jamal 27 minutes 27. Trilochan Shastri (Hindi) Satya Prakash 27 minutes 28. Rehman Rahi (Kashmiri) M.K. Raina 27 minutes 29. Subramaniam Bharati (Tamil) Soudhamini 27 minutes 30. O.V. Vijayan (Malayalam) K.M. Madhusudhanan 27 minutes 31. Syed Abdul Malik (Assamese) Dara Ahmed 27 minutes 32. -
Language and Literature
1 Indian Languages and Literature Introduction Thousands of years ago, the people of the Harappan civilisation knew how to write. Unfortunately, their script has not yet been deciphered. Despite this setback, it is safe to state that the literary traditions of India go back to over 3,000 years ago. India is a huge land with a continuous history spanning several millennia. There is a staggering degree of variety and diversity in the languages and dialects spoken by Indians. This diversity is a result of the influx of languages and ideas from all over the continent, mostly through migration from Central, Eastern and Western Asia. There are differences and variations in the languages and dialects as a result of several factors – ethnicity, history, geography and others. There is a broad social integration among all the speakers of a certain language. In the beginning languages and dialects developed in the different regions of the country in relative isolation. In India, languages are often a mark of identity of a person and define regional boundaries. Cultural mixing among various races and communities led to the mixing of languages and dialects to a great extent, although they still maintain regional identity. In free India, the broad geographical distribution pattern of major language groups was used as one of the decisive factors for the formation of states. This gave a new political meaning to the geographical pattern of the linguistic distribution in the country. According to the 1961 census figures, the most comprehensive data on languages collected in India, there were 187 languages spoken by different sections of our society. -
Multilingual Practices in Kullu (Himachal Pradesh, India)
Multilingual practices in Kullu (Himachal Pradesh, India) Julia V. Mazurova, the Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences Project participants Himachali Pahari Grammar description and lexicon of Kullui Fieldwork research Kullui – an Indo-Aryan language of the Himachali Pahari (also known as Western Pahari) • Expedition 2014 Fund of Fundamental Linguistic Research, project 2014 “Documentation of Kullui (Western Pahari)”, supervisor Julia Mazurova • Expedition 2016 Russian State Fund for Scientific Research № 16-34-01040 «Grammar description and lexicon of Kullui», supervisor Elena Knyazeva Goals of the research Linguistic goals • Documentation of Kullui on the modern linguistic and technical level: dictionary, corpus of morphologically glossed texts with audio and video recordings. • Theoretical research of the Kullui phonology and grammar • Fieldwork research of the Himachali dialectal continuum • Description of the areal and typological features of the Himachali dialectal continuum Goals of the research Socio-linguistic goals • Linguistic situation in the region. Functional domains of the languages • Geographical location of the Kullui language • Differences between Kullui and neighbor dialects • Choosing informants • Evaluating of the language knowledge of the speakers • Language vitality • Variation in Kullui depending on age, gender, social level, education and other factors Linguistic situation in India ➢ Official languages of the Union Government of India – Hindi and English ➢ Scheduled languages (in States of India) -
Mahatma Gandhi University
MODEL I BA Programme in English Language and Literature Syllabi for Core Courses COURSE-1 METHODOLOGY OF HUMANITIES AND LITERATURE Course Code ENCR1 Title of the course METHODOLOGY OF HUMANITIES AND LITERATURE Semester in which the I course is to be taught No. of credits 4 No. of contact hours 108 1. AIM OF THE COURSE o The course is intended to introduce the student to the interrelationship between paradigms of social formation 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE On completion of the course, the student should be able; o To know and appreciate the location of literature within humanities o To establish connections across frontiers of disciplines o To critically engage with culture , gender and marginality o To become acquainted with narration and representatio 3. COURSE OUTLINE Module (1) 54 HOURS A : Understanding the humanities - the scientific method – how humanities explore reality – the natural and social sciences – facts and interpretation –study of natural and subjective world- tastes, values and belief systems B: Language ,culture and identity- language in history- language in relation to caste, class, race and gender- language and colonialism. 53 C: Narration and representation- what is narration-narrative modes of thinking- narration in literature, philosophy and history- reading. Module (2) 54 HOURS The following essays are to be dealt with intensively in relation with the methodological questions raised above(module 1) 1.Peter Barry : “Theory before ‘theory’ – liberal humanism”. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. New York,Manchester. 1995. 11-38 2.Sudhir Kakar, Katharina Kakar. “The Hierarchical Man” The Indians: Portrait of a People. -
Group Housing
LIST OF ALLOTED PROPERTIES DEPARTMENT NAME- GROUP HOUSING S# RID PROPERTY NO. APPLICANT NAME AREA 1 60244956 29/1013 SEEMA KAPUR 2,000 2 60191186 25/K-056 CAPT VINOD KUMAR, SAROJ KUMAR 128 3 60232381 61/E-12/3008/RG DINESH KUMAR GARG & SEEMA GARG 154 4 60117917 21/B-036 SUDESH SINGH 200 5 60036547 25/G-033 SUBHASH CH CHOPRA & SHWETA CHOPRA 124 6 60234038 33/146/RV GEETA RANI & ASHOK KUMAR GARG 200 7 60006053 37/1608 ATEET IMPEX PVT. LTD. 55 8 39000209 93A/1473 ATS VI MADHU BALA 163 9 60233999 93A/01/1983/ATS NAMRATA KAPOOR 163 10 39000200 93A/0672/ATS ASHOK SOOD SOOD 0 11 39000208 93A/1453 /14/AT AMIT CHIBBA 163 12 39000218 93A/2174/ATS ARUN YADAV YADAV YADAV 163 13 39000229 93A/P-251/P2/AT MAMTA SAHNI 260 14 39000203 93A/0781/ATS SHASHANK SINGH SINGH 139 15 39000210 93A/1622/ATS RAJEEV KUMAR 0 16 39000220 93A/6-GF-2/ATS SUNEEL GALGOTIA GALGOTIA 228 17 60232078 93A/P-381/ATS PURNIMA GANDHI & MS SHAFALI GA 200 18 60233531 93A/001-262/ATS ATUULL METHA 260 19 39000207 93A/0984/ATS GR RAVINDRA KUMAR TYAGI 163 20 39000212 93A/1834/ATS GR VIJAY AGARWAL 0 21 39000213 93A/2012/1 ATS KUNWAR ADITYA PRAKASH SINGH 139 22 39000211 93A/1652/01/ATS J R MALHOTRA, MRS TEJI MALHOTRA, ADITYA 139 MALHOTRA 23 39000214 93A/2051/ATS SHASHI MADAN VARTI MADAN 139 24 39000202 93A/0761/ATS GR PAWAN JOSHI 139 25 39000223 93A/F-104/ATS RAJESH CHATURVEDI 113 26 60237850 93A/1952/03 RAJIV TOMAR 139 27 39000215 93A/2074 ATS UMA JAITLY 163 28 60237921 93A/722/01 DINESH JOSHI 139 29 60237832 93A/1762/01 SURESH RAINA & RUHI RAINA 139 30 39000217 93A/2152/ATS CHANDER KANTA -
Islamic and Indian Art Including Sikh Treasures and Arts of the Punjab
Islamic and Indian Art Including Sikh Treasures and Arts of the Punjab New Bond Street, London | 23 October, 2018 Registration and Bidding Form (Attendee / Absentee / Online / Telephone Bidding) Please circle your bidding method above. Paddle number (for office use only) This sale will be conducted in accordance with 23 October 2018 Bonhams’ Conditions of Sale and bidding and buying Sale title: Sale date: at the Sale will be regulated by these Conditions. You should read the Conditions in conjunction with Sale no. Sale venue: New Bond Street the Sale Information relating to this Sale which sets out the charges payable by you on the purchases If you are not attending the sale in person, please provide details of the Lots on which you wish to bid at least 24 hours you make and other terms relating to bidding and prior to the sale. Bids will be rounded down to the nearest increment. Please refer to the Notice to Bidders in the catalogue buying at the Sale. You should ask any questions you for further information relating to Bonhams executing telephone, online or absentee bids on your behalf. Bonhams will have about the Conditions before signing this form. endeavour to execute these bids on your behalf but will not be liable for any errors or failing to execute bids. These Conditions also contain certain undertakings by bidders and buyers and limit Bonhams’ liability to General Bid Increments: bidders and buyers. £10 - 200 .....................by 10s £10,000 - 20,000 .........by 1,000s £200 - 500 ...................by 20 / 50 / 80s £20,000 -
According to the Syllabus of University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
LLB FIVE YEARS DEGREE PROGRAMME NOTES According to the Syllabus of University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad and Other Public, Private Sector Universities of Pakistan Prepared By Advocate Muhammad Adnan Masood Joja Sardar Javed Zahoor Khan (Advocate) CITI Law College Rawalakot 05824-442207, 444222, 0332-4573251, 051-4852737 Near CMH Rawalakot AJK Web:-www.clc.edu.pk Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 1 Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 2 Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 3 Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 4 Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 5 FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 6 Parts of Speech NOUNS A noun is the word that refers to a person, thing or abstract idea. A noun can tell you who or what. There are several different types of noun: - There are common nouns such as dog, car, chair etc. Nouns that refer to things which can be counted (can be singular or plural) are countable nouns. Nouns that refer to some groups of countable nouns, substances, feelings and types of activity (can only be singular) are uncountable nouns. Nouns that refer to a group of people or things are collective nouns. Nouns that refer to people, organizations or places are proper nouns, only proper nouns are capitalized.