Article ID: WMC004123 ISSN 2046-1690

How (Xero ) and Running Shod (Montrail Shoes) Effects Percent of Maximum Heart rate - A Case Report

Corresponding Author: Dr. Bill Misner, Dr., PhD, American Holistic College of Nutrition PhD Emeritus/Retired, 1140 West Glass Avenue, Spokane, Wa. 99205 USA, 99205 - of America

Submitting Author: Dr. Bill Misner, Dr., PhD, American Holistic College of Nutrition PhD Emeritus/Retired, 1140 West Glass Avenue, Spokane, Wa. 99205 USA, 99205 - United States of America

Article ID: WMC004123 Article Type: Case Report Submitted on:10-Mar-2013, 03:01:58 AM GMT Published on: 11-Mar-2013, 01:10:57 PM GMT Article URL: http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4123 Subject Categories:SPORTS MEDICINE Keywords:Exercise, Performance Running, Maximum Heart Rate, Running Barefoot, Running Shod [shoes] How to cite the article:Misner B . How Running Barefoot () and Running Shod (Montrail Shoes) Effects Percent of Maximum Heart rate - A Case Report . WebmedCentral SPORTS MEDICINE 2013;4(3):WMC004123 Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Source(s) of Funding: The author bore all costs for collecting the data in this single subject case report. Furthermore the author declares appreciation to (1) Steve Sashen, CEO Xero Shoes, Feel The World, Inc., 5470 Conestoga Ct., Boulder, CO 80301, 1-800-499-8880, and, (2) Byron Pittam, Montrail Shoes/Mountain Hardwear Inc.1414 Harbour Way S #1005, Richmond, CA 94804, (510) 558-3000 for their generous contribution of Xero Shoes and Montrail Rogue Racer Shoes for this case study.

Competing Interests: The author was also the subject in this case study and acknowledges all the data collected was associated with his heart rate value, and, may or may not, reflect consistent trends in whole runner populations. The author reports no competing interests and received no financial remuneration from either company.

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How Running Barefoot (Xero Shoes) and Running Shod (Montrail Shoes) Effects Percent of Maximum Heart rate - A Case Report

Author(s): Misner B

Abstract brackets] shown below in Table 1.Data and Figure 1.Shoe Effects Percents Maximum Heart Rate. Discussion Heart Rate [HR] is a factor effecting running performance. The type of a running shoe may enhance or inhibit performance depending upon the Research states that running economy is higher type of contact surface, the weight of the shoe, or the barefoot than running in shoes. By example, Warne & form employed. There are arguments for and against Warrington (3) reported that running barefoot Shoe running barefoot as compared to Shod in a significantly improves running economy when lightweight running shoe. The trend observed in this compared with ShodShoe running. Also, Hanson et al., case study raises a question as to whether application (4) reported that at 70% of VO2 max pace barefoot in greater populations has merit. This single subject running is more economical, and that running requires case study shows a 4-8% advantage running at a significantly higher heart rate and VO2 value. 70-89% maximum heart rate in lightweight running However, this single subject case study, reports the shoes. However, single subject case study is opposite, that running economy based on percent of numerically limited requiring more research on maximum heart rates significantly favored the ShodShoe subjects representing all genders, ages, and fitness lightweight Montrail running shoe, not in either of the levels to determine if there are any maximal heart rate barefoot models (Xero 4mm and Xero 6mm). This differences between running barefoot in minimalist contradicting case study simply raises a critical shoes and lightweight racing shoes. question: Is running economy in lightweight shoes Methods superior to barefoot running in larger populations in male and female runners of all ages? Conclusion Three shoes [pictures below] were selected: Two barefoot models[Xero 4mm, Xero 6mm] and a non-barefoot, lightweight shoe {Montrail Rogue Racer]. This subject ran -8% and -4% lower percent maximum A fit 73-year male subject ran at three different speeds heart rate average at 7.0-mph and 9.0-mph running [5.2-mph, 7.0-mph, and 9.0-mph] on a treadmill, consistently in lightweight Montrail shoes compared to alternating one of three shoes; two were barefoot both barefoot models [Xero 4mm, Xero 6mm]. This models [Xero 4-mm, Xero 6-mm]; the other was a single subject’s running at above 70% maximum heart non-barefoot model, a Montrail Rogue Racer shoe. A rate appear to have benefited by running in lightweight protocol consisting of 9-separate tests was repeated Montrail shoes, not from either barefoot models [Xero every 48-hours for three test days. The subject was 4mm, Xero 6mm]. required to warm-up jogging for 10-minutes prior to the first of 3-tests for 5-minutes at 5.2-mph in each shoe. References The subject took a 5-minute rest break in between each shoe test. This protocol was repeated again for 2-minutes at 7.0-mph, and for 1-minute at 9.0-mph to 1.The American College of Sports Medicine states the determine this subject’s heart rate response to running following formula for determining Maximum Heart Rate each speed in each model. Heart rates were recorded formula is: 220 – Age = (MHR). The Heart Rate using a wrist cuff -pressure monitor after each Debate Jan 13, 2012, Linda Melone, ACSM Certified running test alternating each shoe model. The Personal TrainerSM. Percents of this subject’s Maximum Heart Rate were http://www.acsm.org/access-public-information/articles calculated [1, 2] and recorded after each test [the /2012/01/13/the-heart order of each shoe was alternated and is listed in 2.Fitness > Calculators > Target Heart Rate Calculator

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was used to determine the percents of 100% maximum heart rate for a 73-year subject was 220-73 = 147-bpm. http://www.active.com/fitness/calculators/heartrate# 3. Warne JP, Warrington GD. Four-week habituation to simulated barefoot running improves running economy when compared with shod running. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012 Dec 17. doi: 10.1111/sms.12032. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 23252417. 4. Hanson NJ, Berg K, Deka P, Meendering JR, Ryan C. cost of running barefoot vs. running shod. Int J Sports Med. 2011 Jun;32(6):401-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1265203. Epub 2011 Apr 6. PubMed PMID: 21472628.

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Illustrations Illustration 1

Figure 1. Shoe Effects On Percents of Maximum Heart Rate

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Illustration 2

Table 1: Heart rate response to each shoe

AT THREE RUNNING SPEEDS 3-TESTS

[73-YR MALE]

Test #1, #2, #3 Xero 4mm Xero 6mm Montrail Rogue Racer 8.33 oz

Bracket numbers [1-2-3] indicate 3.67 oz 5.97 oz order shoe was tested – Shoe order was rotated in all 3-tests.[1] Base Resting Heart Rate 56 Base Resting Base Resting Heart Rate Heart Rate 56 56

Day # Treadmill Speed-mph-time Heart Rate Heart Rate Heart Rate

[Shoe order] [Shoe order] [Shoe order]

#1-Speed 5.2-mph 80 81 88

5-minutes [1] [2] [3]

#2-Speed 5.2-mph 88 87 87

5-minutes [3] [1] [2]

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#3-Speed 5.2-mph 96 92 89

5-minutes [1] [2] [3]

#1-Speed 7.0-mph 103 105 104

2-minutes [2] [1] [3]

#2-Speed 7.0-mph 110 108 92

2-minutes [2] [3] [1]

#3-Speed 7.0-mph 118 108 97

2-minutes [3] [1] [2]

#1-Speed 9.0-mph 129 134 122

1-minute [3] [2] [1]

#2-Speed 9.0-mph 132 127 122

1-minute [1] [3] [2]

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#3-Speed 9.0-mph 132 122 129

1-minute [2] [3] [1]

5.2-MPH 5-MINUTES 88 BPM 86.6 BPM 88 BPM

AVERAGE HEART RATE [BPM]

%-MAXIMUM HEART RATE 60% 59% 60%

7.0-MPH 2-MINUTES 110.30 BPM 107.00 BPM 97.60 BPM

AVERAGE HEART RATE [BPM]

%-MAXIMUM HEART RATE 75% 73% 67%

9.0-MPH 1-MINUTE 131.00 BPM 127.60 BPM 124.30 BPM

AVERAGE HEART RATE [BPM]

%-MAXIMUM HEART RATE 89% 87% 85%

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AVERAGE HEART RATE 109.76 BPM 107.06 BPM 103.30 BPM

ALL SPEEDS [BPM]

%-MAXIMUM HEART RATE 74.6% 73% 70.6% [1] Within the format using the same treadmill pre-set at for 5-minutes at 5.2-mph, 2-minutes at 7.0-mph, and 1-minute at 9.0-mph, each shoe was rotated [order shown in brackets above]. Rotation of each model eliminates elevated heart rate with a 5-minute rest between each test. The average heart rate for all and each of the three running speeds determines which model compliments heart rate performance in this single subject case study.

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Illustration 3

Shoes Picture

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