Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 108 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 108 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 108 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 149 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JULY 8, 2003 No. 99 House of Representatives The House met at 10:30 a.m. and was flexible spending arrangements, and for That message is absolutely right. called to order by the Speaker pro tem- other purposes,’’ requests a conference The problem is that the Republican bill pore (Mr. MURPHY). with the House on the disagreeing is absolutely the opposite. The Repub- votes of the two Houses thereon, and lican Medicare bill, H.R. 1, does not f appoints Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. HATCH, Mr. even come close to giving seniors the DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO NICKLES, Mr. FRIST, Mr. KYL, Mr. BAU- kind of coverage that Members of Con- TEMPORE CUS, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mr. DASCHLE, gress have provided for themselves. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- and Mr. BREAUX, to be the conferees on The Congressional Research Service fore the House the following commu- the part of the Senate. says the FEHBP plan which Members nication from the Speaker: f of Congress are in offers a drug benefit WASHINGTON, DC. MORNING HOUR DEBATES worth $2,700, but the same CRS, Con- July 8, 2003. gressional Research Service, non- I hereby appoint the Honorable TIM MUR- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- partisan arm of the Congress said the PHY to act as Speaker pro tempore on this ant to the order of the House of Janu- Republican Medicare bill is worth only day. ary 7, 2003, the Chair will now recog- about half of that. The Republican J. DENNIS HASTERT, nize Members from lists submitted by Medicare bill does not offer American Speaker of the House of Representatives. the majority and minority leaders for seniors health care choices just like morning hour debates. The Chair will f Members of Congress even though the alternate recognition between the par- President said it did. It does not even MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE ties, with each party limited to not to come close. A message from the Senate by Mr. exceed 30 minutes, and each Member, Even a basic comparison shows how except the majority leader, the minor- Monahan, one of its clerks, announced the Republican bill comes up woefully ity leader, or the minority whip, lim- that the Senate has passed with short. The Republican bill tells seniors amendments in which the concurrence ited to not to exceed 5 minutes. The Chair recognizes the gentleman they have to pay a $250 deductible. of the House is requested a bill of the Members of Congress do not pay a de- from Ohio (Mr. BROWN) for 5 minutes. House of the following title: ductible. The Republican bill requires H.R. 1. An act to amend title XVIII of the f seniors with drug costs over $2,000 to Social Security Act to provide for a vol- MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUG continue paying monthly premiums untary program for prescription drug cov- BENEFIT even though they do not get any cov- erage under the Medicare Program, to mod- erage until they spend an additional ernize the Medicare Program, to amend the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow a de- earlier this year President Bush ad- $2,900 out of pocket. Members of Con- duction to individuals for amounts contrib- dressed a Michigan audience laying out gress do not make premium payments uted to health savings security accounts and his plans to restructure Medicare. He and get nothing in return. The Repub- health savings accounts, to provide for the said, ‘‘If it’s good enough for Members lican Medicare bill does not offer disposition of unused health benefits in cafe- of Congress, it’s good enough for sen- American seniors health care choices teria plans and flexible spending arrange- iors in this Nation.’’ What he meant just like Members of Congress. It does ments, and for other purposes. was that American seniors who enroll not even come close. The message also announced that the in Medicare should have health insur- The Washington Post said the drug Senate insists upon its amendments to ance choices like those available to benefit proposed by the Republicans for the bill (H.R. 1) ‘‘An Act to amend title Members of Congress under the health seniors provides merely a fraction of XVIII of the Social Security Act to insurance plan called the Federal em- the drug coverage that Members of provide for a voluntary program for ployees health benefits plan. President Congress receive. The chairman of the prescription drug coverage under the Bush was not the only one to say so. health policy department at Emory Medicare Program, to modernize the Republican leaders in the House made University said that drug benefits are Medicare Program, to amend the Inter- the same point. All of us have heard much better in the congressional Fed- nal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow a de- colleagues here say that. That mes- eral employees plan. Still do not be- duction to individuals for amounts con- sage, that seniors should have the same lieve the Republican bill offers a bad tributed to health savings security ac- kind of health insurance choices avail- deal for American seniors? You have to counts and health savings accounts, to able to Members of Congress, was an look no farther than H.R. 2631 on to- provide for the disposition of unused important selling point for the Repub- day’s suspension calendar. H.R. 2631 health benefits in cafeteria plans and lican Medicare prescription drug bill. says that private insurance plans under b This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., b 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. H6273 . VerDate Jan 31 2003 03:37 Jul 09, 2003 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 7634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A08JY7.000 H08PT1 H6274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE July 8, 2003 the Federal employees health benefit that process. The first is the Ready to Patterson of Jamaica, on behalf of the plan must agree to provide drug cov- Teach Act of 2003 sponsored by the gen- people of the U.S. Virgin Islands, the erage for Federal retirees actuarially tleman from Georgia (Mr. GINGREY) Congressional Black Caucus, and the equivalent to the drug coverage they which will strengthen and improve Congress of the United States. We in provide to current Federal employees. teacher training programs all around the Virgin Islands and the CBC pledge In other words, what that means is this country. With the enormous re- our continued support as they meet the that when Members of Congress and sponsibilities weighing on them today, challenges presented by new global and other Federal employees retire, they we owe it not only to American teach- regional trade alliances and loss of will not be forced to go into H.R. 1, ers but to their students to prepare preferences, HIV/AIDS and the other into the Republican Medicare bill. It is every one of them before they set foot social and economic needs of their con- good for Members of Congress, it is in the classroom. Highly qualified stituencies, governance, the need for good for Federal employees, because teachers, as all of us know and some of regionalization and the difficult rela- the Republican Medicare drug benefit us were lucky enough to have in tionship with us, their northern neigh- would be a step down for them. Re- school, are worth their weight in gold. bor. member what the President said: If it But too many inexperienced teachers I particularly want to recognize the is good enough for Members of Con- are being thrown into the classroom historic participation of the Honorable gress, it is good enough for seniors in without effective training and prepara- Thabo Mbeki, President of South Afri- this Nation. That is what he says about tion. This legislation will start meas- ca, in the recent 24th regular meeting the Republican bill. uring training programs’ success and of the conference of CARICOM heads of It would be a big step down to go into holding them accountable. It will bring government in Montego Bay, Jamaica. the Republican privatized drug benefit higher qualified individuals into the His presence significantly underscores plan for the 13 million American pri- training programs and ultimately into the connectedness of all people of Afri- vate sector retirees who get drug cov- the classrooms. It is an important first can descent and the sameness of our erage through their employers’ health step in reshaping American education struggles no matter whether on the insurance. The Congressional Budget to face the emerging challenges of the continent of Africa or in the diaspora. Office said that more than one-third of 21st century. As we are linked by blood and history, all seniors who are in private retire- Equally important is the bill of the so is our future tied together. ment plans will see their plans dropped gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. Mr. Speaker, the Caribbean commu- by their employer. They will be forced WILSON), the Teacher Recruitment and nity also shares important historical out of the private coverage they have Retention Act. Under this bill, quali- ties with this Nation and today rep- today, forced out of that plan and put fied teachers in math, science and spe- resents not only an important trading into the inferior Republican Medicare cial education would be eligible for stu- partner with the balance in our favor prescription drug plan.
Recommended publications
  • Barbara-Rose Collins 1939–
    FORMER MEMBERS H 1971–2007 ������������������������������������������������������������������������ Barbara-Rose Collins 1939– UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE H 1991–1997 DEMOCRAT FROM MICHIGAN longtime community activist and single mother, Shrine Church pastor, Collins campaigned for a seat in the A Barbara-Rose Collins was elected to Congress in 1990 state legislature in 1974, hyphenating her name, Barbara- on a platform to bring federal dollars and social aid to Rose, to distinguish herself from the other candidates.2 her economically depressed neighborhood in downtown Victorious, she embarked on a six-year career in the Detroit. In the House, Collins focused on her lifelong statehouse. Collins chaired the constitutional revision and advocacy for minority rights and on providing economic women’s rights committee, which produced Women in the aid to and preserving the family in black communities. Legislative Process, the first published report to document The eldest child of Lamar Nathaniel and Lou Versa the status of women in the Michigan state legislature.3 Jones Richardson, Barbara Rose Richardson was born Bolstered by her work in Detroit’s most downtrodden in Detroit, Michigan, on April 13, 1939. Her father neighborhoods, Collins considered running for the U.S. supported the family of four children as an auto House of Representatives in 1980 against embattled manufacturer and later as an independent contractor downtown Representative Charles Diggs, Jr.; however, in home improvement. Barbara Richardson graduated Collins’s mentor Detroit Mayor Coleman Young advised from Cass Technical High School in 1957 and attended her to run for Detroit city council instead, and she did Detroit’s Wayne State University majoring in political successfully.4 Eight years later in the Democratic primary, science and anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • President Roosevelt and the Supreme Court Bill of 1937
    President Roosevelt and the Supreme Court bill of 1937 Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hoffman, Ralph Nicholas, 1930- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 09:02:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/319079 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AND THE SUPREME COURT BILL OF 1937 by Ralph Nicholas Hoffman, Jr. A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of History and Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Graduate College, University of Arizona 1954 This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the Library to be made avail­ able to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without spec­ ial permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other in­ stances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: TABLE.' OF.GOWTENTS Chapter / . Page Ic PHEYIOUS CHALLENGES TO THE JODlClMXo , V .
    [Show full text]
  • Retired United States Congressmen from the State of Michigan
    Retired United States Congressmen from the State of Michigan Submitted by Joshua Koss To The Honors College Oakland University In partial fulfillment of the requirement to graduate from The Honors College 1 Abstract Conventional wisdom in the study of members of Congress, pioneered by Richard Fenno, argues that one of the chief goals of elected officials is their reelection. However, this theory does not account for those who willingly retire from Congress. Who are these former members and what activities do they pursue once they leave office? To answer the first question, this project analyzes data on retired members of Congress from the state of Michigan regarding the years they served, party identification, and their age of retirement. The second and perhaps more interesting question in this research, examines the post-congressional careers of former members of Congress and whether their new line of work has any connections with their time in Congress through committee assignments and issue advocacy. In addition to quantitative analysis of the attributes of former members and their post-congressional careers, a qualitative analysis is conducted through a comparative case study of retired Senator Donald Riegle and former Representative Mike Rogers. This aspect of the study more closely examines their respective career paths through congress and post-congressional vocations. 2 Introduction In 1974, Democratic Congresswoman Martha Griffiths announced her retirement from the House of Representatives citing her age, 62, as a key motivation for the decision. After this, Griffiths would serve two terms as Michigan Lieutenant Governor before being dropped off the ticket, at the age of 78, due to concerns about her age, a claim she deemed “ridiculous” (“Griffiths, Martha Wright”).
    [Show full text]
  • Liberian Studies Journal
    VOLUME XVI 1991 NUMBER 1 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL 1 1 0°W 8 °W LIBERIA -8 °N 8 °N- MONSERRADO MARGIBI -6 °N RIVER I 6 °N- 1 0 50 MARYLAND Geography Department ION/ 8 °W 1 University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown 1 Published by THE LIBERIAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION, INC. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Cover map: compiled by William Kory, cartography work by Jodie Molnar; Geography Department, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor VOLUME XVI 1991 NUMBER 1 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL Editor D. Elwood Dunn The University of the South Associate Editor Similih M. Cordor Kennesaw College Book Review Editor Alfred B. Konuwa Butte College EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Bertha B. Azango Lawrence B. Breitborde University of Liberia Beloit College Christopher Clapham Warren L. d'Azevedo Lancaster University University of Nevada Reno Henrique F. Tokpa Thomas E. Hayden Cuttington University College Africa Faith and Justice Network Svend E. Holsoe J. Gus Liebenow University of Delaware Indiana University Corann Okorodudu Glassboro State College Edited at the Department of Political Science, The University of the South PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor CONTENTS ABOUT LANDSELL K. CHRISTIE, THE LIBERIAN IRON ORE INDUSTRY AND SOME RELATED PEOPLE AND EVENTS: GETTING THERE 1 by Garland R. Farmer ZO MUSA, FONINGAMA, AND THE FOUNDING OF MUSADU IN THE ORAL TRADITION OF THE KONYAKA .......................... 27 by Tim Geysbeek and Jobba K. Kamara CUTTINGTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DURING THE LIBERIAN CIVIL WAR: AN ADMINISTRATOR'S EXPERIENCE ............
    [Show full text]
  • The Instrumental Role of Congressman Hatton Sumners in the Resolution of the 1937 Court-Packing Crisis, 54 UIC J
    UIC Law Review Volume 54 Issue 2 Article 1 2021 “What I Said Was ‘Here Is Where I Cash In’”: the Instrumental Role of Congressman Hatton Sumners in the Resolution of the 1937 Court-Packing Crisis, 54 UIC J. Marshall L. Rev. 379 (2021) Josiah Daniel III Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.uic.edu/lawreview Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Josiah M. Daniel III, “What I Said Was ‘Here Is Where I Cash In’”: the Instrumental Role of Congressman Hatton Sumners in the Resolution of the 1937 Court-Packing Crisis, 54 UIC J. Marshall L. Rev. 379 (2021) https://repository.law.uic.edu/lawreview/vol54/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UIC Law Open Access Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in UIC Law Review by an authorized administrator of UIC Law Open Access Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “WHAT I SAID WAS ‘HERE IS WHERE I CASH IN’”: THE INSTRUMENTAL ROLE OF CONGRESSMAN HATTON SUMNERS IN THE RESOLUTION OF THE 1937 COURT- PACKING CRISIS JOSIAH M. DANIEL, III* I. THE CONGRESSMAN’S “CASH IN” UTTERANCE UPON DEPARTING THE WHITE HOUSE ON FEBRUARY 5, 1937 ... 379 II. HATTON W. SUMNERS’S LIFE AND CONGRESSIONAL CAREER ......................................................................................... 384 III. THE NEW DEAL’S LITIGATION PROBLEM AND PRESIDENT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT’S PROPOSED COURT-PACKING SOLUTION ........................................................................ 393 IV. SUMNERS’S TWO JUDICIAL BILLS AS BOOKENDS TO THE CRISIS .............................................................................. 401 a. March 1, 1937: The Retirement Act ....................... 401 b. August 24, 1937: The Intervention Act .................
    [Show full text]
  • TRC of Liberia Final Report Volum Ii
    REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME II: CONSOLIDATED FINAL REPORT This volume constitutes the final and complete report of the TRC of Liberia containing findings, determinations and recommendations to the government and people of Liberia Volume II: Consolidated Final Report Table of Contents List of Abbreviations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<............. i Acknowledgements <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... iii Final Statement from the Commission <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<............... v Quotations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 1 1.0 Executive Summary <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 2 1.1 Mandate of the TRC <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 2 1.2 Background of the Founding of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... 3 1.3 History of the Conflict <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<................ 4 1.4 Findings and Determinations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 6 1.5 Recommendations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... 12 1.5.1 To the People of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 12 1.5.2 To the Government of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<. <<<<<<. 12 1.5.3 To the International Community <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 13 2.0 Introduction <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 14 2.1 The Beginning <<................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Profile of Commissioners of the TRC of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<<<.. 14 2.3 Profile of International Technical Advisory Committee <<<<<<<<<. 18 2.4 Secretariat and Specialized Staff <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 20 2.5 Commissioners, Specialists, Senior Staff, and Administration <<<<<<.. 21 2.5.1 Commissioners <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 22 2.5.2 International Technical Advisory
    [Show full text]
  • At NALC's Doorstep
    Volume 134/Number 2 February 2021 In this issue President’s Message 1 Branch Election Notices 81 Special issue LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND The monthly journal of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS ANARCHY at NALC’s doorstep— PAGE 1 { InstallInstall thethe freefree NALCNALC MemberMember AppApp forfor youryour iPhoneiPhone oror AndroidAndroid smartphonesmartphone As technology increases our ability to communicate, NALC must stay ahead of the curve. We’ve now taken the next step with the NALC Member App for iPhone and Android smartphones. The app was de- veloped with the needs of letter carriers in mind. The app’s features include: • Workplace resources, including the National • Instantaneous NALC news with Agreement, JCAM, MRS and CCA resources personalized push notifications • Interactive Non-Scheduled Days calendar and social media access • Legislative tools, including bill tracker, • Much more individualized congressional representatives and PAC information GoGo to to the the App App Store Store oror GoogleGoogle Play Play and and search search forfor “NALC “NALC Member Member App”App” toto install install for for free free President’s Message Anarchy on NALC’s doorstep have always taken great These developments have left our nation shaken. Our polit- pride in the NALC’s head- ical divisions are raw, and there now is great uncertainty about quarters, the Vincent R. the future. This will certainly complicate our efforts to advance Sombrotto Building. It sits our legislative agenda in the now-restored U.S. Capitol. But kitty-corner to the United there is reason for hope. IStates Capitol, a magnificent First, we should take solace in the fact that the attack on our and inspiring structure that has democracy utterly failed.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced
    INFO RM A TIO N TO U SER S This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI film s the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fromany type of con^uter printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependentquality upon o fthe the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and inqjroper alignment can adverse^ afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiD indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one e3q)osure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photogr^hs included inoriginal the manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for aiy photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI direct^ to order. UMJ A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/521-0600 LAWLESSNESS AND THE NEW DEAL; CONGRESS AND ANTILYNCHING LEGISLATION, 1934-1938 DISSERTATION presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Robin Bernice Balthrope, A.B., J.D., M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Elections Have Consequences
    LIBERTYVOLUME 10 | ISSUE 1 | March 2021 WATCHPOLITICS.LIVE. BUSINESS. THINK. BELIBERTY. FREE. ELECTIONS HAVE CONSEQUENCES BETTER DAYS AHEAD George Harris CENSORSHIP & THE CANCEL CULTURE Joe Morabito JUST SAY “NO” TO HARRY REID AIRPORT Chuck Muth REPORT: SISOLAK’S EMERGENCY POWERS LACK LEGAL AUTHORITY Deanna Forbush DEMOCRATS WANT A 'RETURN TO CIVILITY'; WHEN DID THEY PRACTICE IT? Larry Elder THE LEFT WANTS UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER, NOT UNITY Stephen Moore THE WORLD’S LARGEST CANNABIS SUPERSTORE COMPLEX INCLUDES RESTAURANT + MORE! Keep out of reach of children. For use only by adults 21 years of age and older. LIBERTY WATCH Magazine The Gold Standard of Conservatism. Serving Nevada for 15 years, protecting Liberty for a lifetime. LIBERTYWATCHMagazine.com PUBLISHER George E. Harris [email protected] EDITOR content Novell Richards 8 JUST THE FACTS George Harris ASSOCIATE EDITORS BETTER DAYS AHEAD Doug French [email protected] 10 FEATURE Joe Morabito Mark Warden CENSORSHIP & THE CANCEL CULTURE [email protected] 11 MILLENNIALS Ben Shapiro CARTOONIST GET READY FOR 4 YEARS Gary Varvel OF MEDIA SYCOPHANCY OFFICE MANAGER 12 MONEY MATTERS Doug French Franchesca Sanchez SILVER SQUEEZE: DESIGNERS IS THAT ALL THERE IS? Willee Wied Alejandro Sanchez 14 MUTH'S TRUTHS Chuck Muth JUST SAY “NO” TO HARRY REID AIRPORT CONTRIBUTING WRITERS John Fund 18 COVER Doug French ELECTIONS HAVE CONSEQUENCES Thomas Mitchell Robert Fellner 24 COUNTERPUNCH Victor Davis Hanson Nicole Maroe Judge Andrew P. Napolitano 26 LEGAL BRIEF Deanna Forbush Ben
    [Show full text]
  • CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
    CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case for War Crimes Trials in Liberia
    Ending Impunity: The Case for War Crimes Trials in Liberia Chernor Jalloh† and Alhagi Marong†† ……………. Abstract This article argues that Liberia owes a duty under both international humanitarian and human rights law to investigate and prosecute the heinous crimes, including torture, rape and extra-judicial killings of innocent civilians, committed in that country by the warring parties in the course of fourteen years of brutal conflict. Assuming that Liberia owes a duty to punish the grave crimes committed on its territory, the article then evaluates the options for prosecution, starting with the possible use of Liberian courts. The authors argue that Liberian courts are unable, even if willing, to render credible justice that protects the due process rights of the accused given the collapse of legal institutions and the paucity of financial, human and material resources in post-conflict Liberia. The authors then examine the possibility of using international accountability mechanisms, including the International Criminal Court, an ad hoc international criminal tribunal as well as a hybrid court for Liberia. For various legal and political reasons, the authors conclude that all of these options are not viable. As an alternative, they suggest that because the Special Court for Sierra Leone has already started the accountability process for Liberia with the indictment of Charles Taylor in 2003, and given the close links between the Liberian and Sierra Leonean conflicts, the Special Court would be a more appropriate forum for international prosecutions of those who perpetrated gross humanitarian and human rights law violations in Liberia. †B.A. (Guelph), LL.B., B.C.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Assessing the Global Impact of the Russo-Japanese War 1904-05 第0
    Volume 10 | Issue 21 | Number 2 | Article ID 3755 | May 19, 2012 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus World War Zero? Re-assessing the Global Impact of the Russo-Japanese War 1904-05 第0次世界大戦?1904− 1905年日露戦争の世界的影響を再評価する Gerhard Krebs World War Zero? Re-assessing the Global and Yokote Shinji, eds.,The Russo-Japanese Impact of the Russo-Japanese WarWar in Global Perspective: World War Zero. 1904-05 Bd,1, Leiden: Brill 2005. (History of Warfare, Vol. 29) (hereafter: Steinberg). Gerhard Krebs David Wolff, Steven B. Marks, Bruce W. Menning, David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, John W. Steinberg and Yokote Shinji, eds., On the occasion of its centennial, the Russo- The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: Japanese War drew great attention among World War Zero. Vol. 2, Ibid. 2007. (History of historians who organized many symposia and Warfare, Vol. 40) (hereafter: Wolff). published numerous studies. What have been the recent perspectives, debates and insights Maik Hendrik Sprotte, Wolfgang Seifert and on the historical impact of the Russo-Japanese Heinz-Dietrich Löwe, ed.,Der Russisch- War on the imperial world order, evolution of Japanische Krieg 1904/ 05. Anbruch einer international society, and global intellectual neuen Zeit? Wiesbaden, Harassowitz Verlag history? Gerhard Krebs provides 2007.a (hereafter: Sprotte). comprehensive historiographical essay introducing the major works published in the Rotem Kowner, ed., The Impact of the Russo- last ten years on the world-historical impact of Japanese War. London and New York: the Russo-Japanese War, including works in Routledge 2007. (Routledge Studies in the Japanese, Russian, English and German. Modern History of Asia, Vol.
    [Show full text]