BOAT July/August 1984 Pennsylvania* 80C

The Keystone State's Official Magazine for Canoeists, Kayakers, Powerboaters, Rafters, Sailors, and Water Skiers -1 he U.S. Coast Guard and the National Transportation Safety Board have estimated that more than half of the recreational boating accidents and fatalities throughout the country are alcohol- related. In Pennsylvania we have found that absolute data on boating accidents and alcohol abuse is most difficult to secure. Boating accident reports are completed by the boaters, and individuals are not likely to report their own alcohol use. However, a good percentage of our investigations have indicated alcohol as a factor in far too many of Pennsylvania's boating accidents. To attempt to minimize this problem the Commission supported Senate Bill 994, which addresses the operation of watercraft while under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance; testing apparatus, procedures, and personnel; and the crime of homicide by watercraft. The bill, signed into law by Governor Thornburgh on May 30, 1984, was introduced by Senator James A. Romanelli of Allegheny County. Persons convicted of operating a watercraft while under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance may receive a penalty ranging from a fine of not less than $250 nor more than $2,500 or imprisonment not exceeding 90 days, or both. The newlaw specifies NEW BOATING LAW that a person is prohibited from operating or physically controlling the movement of a watercraft if he is under the influence of alcohol or any controlled substance or a combination of both which renders the person incapable of safe operation, or the amount of alcohol by weight in the blood of the person is 0.10 percent or greater. While the Commission did indeed support this legislation, our intent is not to limit recreational activities on the waterways within Pennsylvania. Instead, our goal is to better ensure the safety of those participating in this rapidly growing sport. According to our boating fatality reports from 1983, eight Pennsylvania residents lost their lives in boating accidents caused by alcohol impairment, and that is exactly what we are trying to eradicate. JULY/AUGUST 1984 VOL. 1 NO. 2

Cover T The P•notorlranla This issue's front cover, photographed by Gus Neuss, Jr., shows an auxiliary powered BOAT sailboat plying the waters of Lake Erie. Sailors with smaller craft will want to check out page 16, while poiverboaters won't want Pennsylvania. to miss the information beginning on page 26.

Paddling the Lehigh by Leann R. Diehl The Lehigh offers terrific paddling for canoeists and kayakers. Here are the details you need to enjoy this waterway 4 1984: New Wake on the West Branch by Ron Frymire This story reveals how a group of boaters got together and took the chips off the old logging cribs 8 Boat'Trailering Basics by Virgil Chambers Lehigh lark page 4 Disaster page 25 If you're an experienced trailerer, use these ideas to brush up on the essentials; if you're new to trailering, here are the ABCs 12 The Waterskier's Language by Bruce Kistler How do you spell "OK" or "Ready" or "Hit it"? These signals help all the waterski team members get the message 14 Righting a Capsized Sailboat by Janet R. Mayer Sailors can increase their efficiency and safety by

Second chance page 8 following these step-by-step procedures 16 FIRE!by Joe Greene Let this article help you prevent a tragedy 25 Pick a Prop for Peak Performance Family fun page 28 by Mike Bleech Trallering page 12 Pitch, rpm, rake, and choppers are part of picking Viewpoint 2 the prop that's best for your boat and your needs. Currents 20 Here's the inside info on getting the most for your The Law and You 20 money and boat 26 Mail 23 Canoeing with Children by Cliff Jacobson Calendar 24 Family canoeing fun is the name of this game, and Safety 25 the author spells out the ground rules 28 STAFF Editor / Art Michaels Pennsylvania Fish Commission Boating Advisory Graphics / Ted Walke J. Wayne Yorks, President Board Photographer / Russ Gettig Benton Clayton Buchanan, Chairman Circulation / Eleanor Mutch Ross J. Huhn, Vice President Pittsburgh Staff Assistant / Jayne Povleski Saltsburg Nicholas AO POSTMASTER: Send form 3579 to Penn- Marilyn A. Black Calvin J. Kern Fairless Hills sylvania Fish Commission, P.O. Box 1673, Meadville Whitehall Charles Chattaway Harrisburg, PA 17105-1673. Boat Pennsylvania, Walter F. Gibbs Robert L. Martin Monongahela 01984. is published bimonthly. Third class postage paid Sherwood Krum at Harrisburg. PA. Subscription rates: One year. $4: Titusville Bellefonte three years. $11: single copies are 80e each. For Leonard A. Green Theodore T. Metzger, Jr Hawley subscription and change of address. contact Boat PA Carlisle Johnstown Leon Lyon Circulation. Pennsylvania Fish Commission. P.O. Box Jerome E. Southerton Bellefonte 1673. Harrisburg.PA 17105-1673. Address all other cor- respondence to: The Editor. Boat Pennsylvania. P.O. Honesdale Box 1673, Harrisburg. PA 17105-1673.

he Lehigh River is Pennsylvania's perfect playground for canoes and Tkayaks. Not too demanding but with enough tricky rapids to challenge the beginner and still interest the intermediate paddler, the Lehigh is one of the state's most popular white-water rivers. Carving through the Pocono Mountains in northeastern Pennsylvania, the Lehigh's white water starts at White Haven and flows 30 miles to Jim Thorpe. In the middle of this long stretch is Rockport, which divides the Lehigh into the Upper and Lower sections. Although the Lehigh is dam- controlled, it is very much a seasonal attraction. In the spring and fall, river levels can vary from 200 to 1,200 cfs from one day to the next. In dry summer months the river is usually too low to paddle unless an occasional storm drops enough rain in the area to force the flood gates open. Weekend water releases are scheduled on the Lehigh on a semi- regular basis, usually only during spring and fall months. Dates and cfs rates of these releases are available by calling 215-597-5091. This is the Army Corps of Engineers "whitewater release" tape that announces water releases throughout the Delaware River Basin.

firit ,•Itigust 1984 Rain, water level, and cfs Difficulty rating 54E to Rt. 209N and follow into Jim Because the Francis E. Walter Dam The Lehigh is rated for difficulty by Thorpe. From 1-80, take exit 43 to Rt. was built for flood control, even Charles Walbridge, safety chairman of 115S to Rt. 903S to Jim Thorpe. Park scheduled releases are not guaranteed. the American Canoe Association and at the railroad station directly It all depends on local rainfall. member of Boat Pennsylvania's adjacent to the river. Proposed releases for 1984 are June editorial advisory committee. At 700 23 and 24, September 15, and October cfs, Walbridge gives the Lehigh a State park 20. Other unscheduled releases occur Class 111 rating. At 2,500 cfs, the By the end of this year, the after heavy rains. The average Lehigh is a 111+, and at 5,000 cfs, the Department of Environmental scheduled release is usually 500 cfs. Lehigh jumps to Class IV. Resources expects to own a 30-mile Water levels below 500 cfs offer little As river levels climb, the small corridor along the Lehigh River from excitement for paddlers of any ability. rocks are covered, large standing the Walter dam to Jim Thorpe, which At 500-750 cfs, the Lehigh is a great waves block the main river routes, will constitute the Lehigh State Park. white-water classroom. At this level, and the current moves much faster. Ed Deaton, Chief of Recreational exposed rocks create an intricate maze Beginners should avoid the Lehigh at Development for the Bureau of State that forces beginners to understand levels above 750 cfs—at least for the Parks, says that DER has been the basics of moving water. first few runs. acquiring land in the Lehigh Gorge Learning to read white water on the At 500-750 cfs, the Lehigh does have since the 1960s. But it is only in the Lehigh builds a strong foundation for considerable flat water. On the last two years that DER's involvement paddlers who dream of challenging Lower Section, which is 18 miles long at the river has become significant. more difficult rivers. Technical skills, and a test of paddling endurance, DER now limits the number of rafts like eddy turns and peel-outs, can be there is about two miles of Class 1-11 that are permitted on the river. DER practiced and perfected on this "rock water after the last major rapid. On does not monitor the number of boats garden" river. the Upper, which is only 12 miles but does require safety equipment for One of the most serious dangers on long, each rapid is separated from the everyone who canoes or kayaks here. the Lehigh is rock pins, especially at next by longer stretches of flat water Every paddler must wear a Coast low levels. Small rocks looming just than on the Lower Section. Guard approved personal flotation below the surface play havoc with To get to the put-in for the Upper device. All boats must use flotation inattentive paddlers, so stay awake! Section, take Exit 35, Whitehaven chambers. No alcohol is allowed, and Another consideration on the Exit, off the Northeast Extension of camping along the river is now Lehigh is the large number of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, or take prohibited. commercial rafters. As on any river Exit 41 off Rt. 80. Follow Rt. 940 to Driving along the railroad bed that that is shared with rafts, boaters must Rt. 534. Take Rt. 534 to Camper's parallels the river will no longer be be aware of potential dangers. Corner. Turn right here, and park at allowed. Deaton says this area will be Remember that most people in rafts the steel bridge. At the time of this used as a hiking and biking path in have little experience and even less writing, the bridge was closed to the state park. expertise. The best rule is to stay out traffic. Carry boats down to the river A staff of park rangers will patrol Igo of their way! beside the bridge pier. the area 24 hours a day to ensure the Rockport is the take-out for the safety of park visitors, which include Upper and the put-in for the Lower paddlers. Deaton says DER staff will Section. DER is now enlarging this also maintain the put-in and take-out area to accommodate more parking. areas to keep the river accessible. From 1-81, take Exit 37E, Time and motion studies will Hometown exit. Follow Rt. 54E to continue this year, as DER staff Rt. 209N to Rt. 93N ,and follow record the number of boats that use signs to Weatherly. In Weatherly, turn the river and how long the average right at the first stop sign, cross a steel paddling trip lasts. This information is bridge, and follow signs to White used to develop support systems at the haven. As you pass out of Weatherly park, although services like the shuttle on E. Main Street, drive about 3 bus at the Youghiogheny are not in miles. Watch closely on the right for a the plans for the Lehigh. small paved road and signs that say "Flying Aces of Rockport" and "Penn The river Haven Gun Club." Turn right at The difficulty of describing the these signs and follow this road to the rapids on the Lehigh is that they are river. basically all the same. There are few From 1-80, take exit 40 and follow significant landmarks or obvious signs to Weatherly. If you pass a characteristics that separate one rapid house with the sign "Granny's" in the from the next. This means that the yard, you passed the Rockport turn Lehigh has very few technical moves. by about a quarter-mile. Most rapids are wide open and Jim Thorpe is the take-out for the require only a few quick eddy moves Lower Section. From 1-81, take Rt. and the ability to read moving water. The best insurance for a safe trip is Paddling the Lehigh to paddle the river with a veteran who can identify the rapids and point out the main routes, although few of the Penn Lake rapids are that demanding. It is still a good idea to paddle any river first with someone who knows the water. White Haven UPPER PUT-IN Rapids The Lower Section has at least 10 ^ named rapids. The most challenging are those at the end of the main Lehigh River stretch. None requires expert technical maneuvering. Facilities UPPER Pipeline Rapid is identified by, not TAKE-OUIC surprisingly, a pipeline that hangs Rockport LOWER PUT-IN Campgrounds over the river. Avoid the only large Hickory Run State Park, Rt. 534, rock and subsequent hole in the (717)443-9991; does not accept reser- middle by paddling on river right. vations; $6 a site/day Next is Harpo Rapid. Take this in three steps, starting on river right. Jim Thorpe KOA, Lentz Trail, Jim Move to river left in a sweep motion, LOWER Thorpe, PA 18229, (717) 325-2644; TAKE-OUT • like a backward letter "c." From the Packerton $10 site/day per 2 adults, $1 each large eddy on river left, sweep back to additional member river right, and then in the third step, sweep back again to river left. Sandy Valley Campground, R.D. 1, This rapid is filled with boulders— Box 110, Dept. P, White Haven, PA both covered and obvious—watch out 18661,(717) 636-0770 for strong eddy lines and avoid rock pins! This rapid is one in which it is 5 10 Motel/Hotel crucial to stay away from rafts—at MILES Hickory House & Motel (food 8c least one a day gets pinned here. lodging), Rt. 534 between state park & Next you pass Hole in the Wall— To get to the put-in/or the Upper Rt. 903,(717) 722-0141 one of the unmistakable landmarks on Section, take Exit 35, Whitehaven the Lehigh. Park hikers and other Exit, off the Northeast Extension of Smith's Stoney Creek Hotel (food), spectators sit on the railroad bridge the Pennsylvania Turnpike, or take Rt. 903, Jim Thorpe, PA, (717) here that crosses the river. On river Exit 41 offRt. 80. Follow Rt. 940 to 325-3658 left, you'll see a huge tunnel carved Rt 534. Take Rt 534 to Camper's out of the mountains, a relic of past Corner. Turn right here, and park at Holiday Inn(at Lake Harmony),Exit railroad days. the steel bridge. At the time of this 43 off 1-80,(717) 443-8471 The next rapid is the best play spot writing, the bridge was closed to on the river. At 700 cfs, Canary Rapid traffic. Carry boats down to the river Paddling Schools is not difficult, but paddlers with the beside the bridge pier. Pocono Whitewater Rafting Center, know-how can get pop-ups and enders (717) 325-4097 at Canary Rock. take along a lunch and a water bottle. To paddle through the rapid, avoid And during warm months, when Whitewater Challengers Rafting Co., the hole that stretches out from the you're eating lunch or exploring the (717) 443-9532 left bank and paddle between the shoreline, watch out for snakes! large rock (Canary) and the hole. To Happy paddling! Grocery Stores try for a few pop-ups, eddy out in both White Haven and Jim Thorpe behind the rocks on river right, Leann R. Diehl is an instructor in the —major chain stores immediately behind Canary Rock. Central Pennsylvania Kayak School There are always boaters playing in Harrisburg. Last year, she created For more information about where to here that can give exact directions to Pennsylvania Women Outdoors, Inc., stay and what to see in the area, write: the best spot for an aerial view of the a nonprofit organization dedicated to Carbon County Tourist Promotion river! involving women in outdoor Agency, Box 90, Jim Thorpe, PA After this rapid, the paddler is faced challenges like kayaking and 18229, or call:(717) 325-3673. with two miles of flat water, dotted canoeing. She is a reporterfor the with a few riffles. Watch closely for York Dispatch, and appears weekly This information is provided by the the wooden steps on river right that on WGAL TV's "PM Magazine." Ms. author. lead to the Jim Thorpe parking area. Diehl serves on Boat Pennsylvania's Rafters will be taking out here, too. Editorial Advisory Committee. Because the Lehigh is a long river, July/ August 1984 7 I .1

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4 1984: New Wake on the West Branch by Ron Frymire photos by the author

eorge Orwell probably never hiked the foothills of Bald Eagle Mountain or floated Gthe 11-mile stretch of Susquehanna River between Lindes and Williamsport's once-celebrated lumber capital. If he had, his famous novel might have included some reflections on life in the West Branch Valley. Throughout history, boating has had a visible impact on shaping the area of Lycoming County from Crane's Riffle, west of Linden, downriver to the dam that can be seen from Williamsport's Market Street Bridge. Since the turn of the decade, local interest in boating has increased after floundering somewhat during the 1960s and 1970s. Mine acid and other pollutants had intermittently ruined swimming and fishing, and the aftermath of

The paddlewheeler Hiawatha offers tours and charters on the West Branch. July/August 1984 9 the Agnes and Eloise.floods had dam just downstream from the old lowered—before the new dam's all but exterminated local desires one. completion—to a safe depth below the to rebuild any of the floodplain's While the restoration of a deeper surface. The group's voice was heard, lost attractions of old. boating pool above Hepburn Dam and $238,000 in additional state But to your misfortune, Mr. Orwell, would provide more running room for funding was provided to remove the there's at least one boat you missed the Hiawatha, powerboats, and water tops of 97 cribs. The project was when you penned the chapters of skiers, periods of low water could still completed last fall just before the final 1984. A sleeping giant has awakened. have spelled trouble during the season sections of concrete were poured into There has been a rebirth of some old following the dam's completion in the new dam. A giant new dreams that once lived in river history. 1983. Some of the 352 logging cribs recreational experience thus awaits were dangerously close to the surface, any boater who wishes to experience Public enthusiasm and for years they had plagued this captivating II-mile segment of the Most symbolic of this giant's first boaters. Often appearing and Susquehanna in 1984. Mr. Orwell, yawn was a massive community rally disappearing with fluctuations in you will never know how much you of support for an idea spawned by the summer water levels, even boaters missed! county chamber of commerce. The who were familiar with the river public enthusiastically pitched in with would frequently experience perilous A look back donations of money, labor, and encounters, like ramming boat hulls, While floating on the shimmering materials, and as a result, a modern- damaging propellers, or finding "Long Reach" before sundown on a day paddlewheeler named Hiawatha narrow navigational channels steamy summer evening, it's difficult was launched during the summer of obstructed—especially during not to wonder what the valley must 1982. Created as a tool to revitalize crowded weekends on the river. have been like centuries before. The the struggling economy of the area, All in all, the Susquehanna River forested green slopes of Bald Eagle thousands of tourists and local Association decided to embark on a Mountain, the hover and dive of an residents have already savored voyage to have some of the osprey, and the resounding kersplash sightseeing trips from its launch troublesome tops of the logging cribs of an unidentified gamefish become facility at Susquehanna State Park. Not only has the project focused a lot of attention on the enhancement of West Branch Facilities the river's natural beauty, but it has rekindled memories of an era past Public boat launches when a steam-powered paddlewheeler • Fish Commission Access Area at Linden: from U.S. Route 220 (also named Hiawatha) used to west of Williamsport, take the West Fourth Street exit and turn south transport passengers to a popular at Antlers Club Road between Nichols Department Store and the family beach and picnic resort that underpass. Sylvan Dell in South once existed at • Susquehanna State Park Launch Ramp: take the Reach Road exit Williamsport. (located immediately west of the junction with U.S. Route 15) from U.S. Route 220 and follow signs that read "Hiawatha." Picnicking A united approach facilities only, no overnight camping permitted. Restrooms. Area boaters wasted no time emerging into the public limelight Boating information January 1982, when they during • Susquehanna River Association, c/o William Kranz, 827 Market formed the Susquehanna River Street, Williamsport, PA 17701,(717) 326-6811. Annual membership is Association. While the 150-plus $5. charter members wanted to be a • Fish Commission, Northcentral Law Enforcement Regional rallying voice behind the Hiawatha's Office, Lamar, PA 16848,(717) 726-6056. maiden voyage, the group also saw that times and opportunities were ripe Local attractions support for pioneering increased • Lycoming County Tourist and Convention Bureau, 454 Pine aimed at reincarnating the Street, Williamsport, PA 17701,(717) 326-1974(Hiawatha recreational potential of the river's Paddlewheeler tours and charters, local visitor attractions and events). scenic "Long Reach." • Lycoming County Historical Museum, 858 West Fourth Street, Community attention next focused Williamsport, PA 17701,(717) 326-3326 (Excellent exhibits and new, more modern on the need for a displays on local river history, the Williamsport lumbering era, and dam to replace the old deteriorating Indian lore). Hours: Tuesday through Friday, 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. stone and timber structure. Originally Saturdays(May 15 through September 15), 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. longer worth built in 1867, it was no Sunday, 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Closed holidays. Nominal admission repairing. Local legislators charge. unanimously joined in the spirit of community cooperation, and $2.8 This information is provided by the author. million in state funds were ultimately awarded for constructing a concrete 10 Boat Pennsylvania The tops of97 logging cribs were removed at a cost of $238,000, which camefrom the Commonwealth. The Susque- hanna River Association is responsiblefor the improved boating safety in this beautiful I l-mile stretch ofthe river.

mesmerizing magnets that beckon the for "floating" women, children, and fascination as the latter project was imagination into pages of a vivid past. hurriedly collected belongings undertaken last summer with the aid This Jmighty stretch of the West downstream. That's certainly of a huge backhoe mounted on a large Branch was dominant in Williams- something to raise goose bumps on steel barge. Although the big bucket port's lumber days, which peaked the hide of a stranded boater out of scattered historic mouthfuls of rock between 1862 and 1894. The gas, isn't it, Mr. Orwell? along the adjacent river bottom, biggest year was 1873, when more enormous timbers and other relics than 1.5 million logs of virgin white A changing picture were salvaged. Thanks to increasing pine and hemlock were "floated"from Virgin forests are gone from the awareness of the need to make the wilderness upriver and converted Susquehanna watershed. boating safer, local historians were by the city's 30 sawmills into some 3 Williamsport's prosperous lumber able to examine some of these logging million board feet of lumber. industry met its timely end with the era artifacts while future powerboat The logging "boom"(the word is floods of 1889 and 1894. Large enthusiasts look forward to cruising a derived from beam) was a chain of hydroelectric dams downriver now wide-open pool relatively free of the logs connected by a series of cribs. At block an annual migration of former hazards. the height of its development the American shad, which between 1887 The West Branch is indeed a group of cribs extended from above and 1908 produced a 23I,658-pound symbol of a heritage that will leave a Linden to Williamsport where, in average annual haul from new wake behind powerboats this conjunction with the dam, it helped Pennsylvania portions of a waterway summer. Surely it is a chapter of 1984 hold back logs. The cribs were that has undergone tremendous George Orwell would have been Ilf rectangular cris-crosses of enormous changes. Threats from flooding and proud to write. pine logs spiked together and pollution are still eminent. weighted with boulders to the river The year 1984, however, marks bottom. Today the remnants appear renewed hope of a brighter future and as small islands, and some are covered an improved economy where the West with vegetation. Branch charts its course through this Although the cribs ultimately segment of Lycoming County. presented danger to 20th-century Perhaps in our lifetime schools of boaters, river travel in 1778 proved far American shad will be observed f more hazardous to valley inhabitants. passing over the fish ladder that was To avoid fatal skirmishes with Indians incorporated into the design of the and the British, settlers were alerted new Hepburn Dam. If not, hundreds 1110'1411=mfoimmelllifia by Colonel William Hepburn (after of people who might otherwise never whom the dam was named) to have had the opportunity will be able evacuate via the river to protect their to experience some part of the river's scalps. The menfolk herded livestock splendor from the decks of the to the shorelines and guarded their Hiawatha and from their own boats. families while boats, canoes, rafts, hog Part of the past necessarily had to troughs, barndoors, and virtually be erased with the removal of the old anything else that could be converted dam and the topping of the logging into makeshift craft were rounded up cribs. Yet, the public watched with July1August 1984 II Boat Trailering Basics by Virgil Chambers

b 4 • -.A .0 r I) .4 ) If the winch rope breaks, a safety chain prevents serious damage and road hazards. e?r 4 • it 11.

‘er 90 percent of the and trailering. It is important to know safety on the highway and prevention approximately 200,000 how to maintain the trailer and if it is of damage to the hull, proper trailer registered boats in Penn- the right size, if it's correctly built, and selection is important. 0sylvania are trailerable. properly fitted to the boat that it The boat trailer should have an Many of these boats spend more time carries. adequate weight-carrying capacity to on their trailers than they do in the A boat trailer serves two primary handle the boat, motor, and all the water. To protect your investment and functions. First, it transports the boat extra gear that will be carried in it. A enhance safety on land as well as on to and from the launch site; and trailer's weight-carrying capacity is the water, you should become second, it provides a storage cradle for stamped on a metal plate, usually knowledgeable about your boat trailer the boat when it is not in use. For located on the tongue. 12 Boat Pennsylvania The trailer must also be long entire outing. Bringing extra bulbs is /Lights. The law requires that all enough so that the hull rests securely also a good idea, along with spare trailers be equipped with the same on the aftermost supports. Any fuses for the towing vehicle, and don't lighting system required on the rear of overhang in the transom area can forget a well-equipped tool kit. the towing vehicle and that all lights cause damage to the hull. A good Extra-wide mirrors may be required operate in conjunction with the lights trailer duplicates as much as possible if the boat is high or wide. A right- on the vehicle (tail lights, stop lights, the support given to the boat in the side external mirror is required by law and brake lights). Two red reflectors water. You should have enough pads if normal vision from the rear-view are required on the rear of the trailer, or rollers to provide maximum mirror is obscured by the rig under in addition to a white license plate support, and they must be adjusted tow. lamp. Combination lights may be properly. Not enough support may used. cause the keel to break or the hull to Launching /Brakes. The law requires an "hook" or warp. Boat launching is a two-man independent trailer braking system For safety, both to protect a operation, requiring one person to when the trailer exceeds 3,000 pounds valuable investment and to ensure a guide the driver and handle the boat or 40 percent of the weight of the safe trip on the road, proper on the ramp. A launching ramp is no towing vehicle. There are three types equipment is as important as the place to learn how to back a trailer. If of trailer braking systems currently in initial selection of the trailer. you're new to trailer boating, practice use: hydraulic, electric, and surge. backing your rig in your driveway, on Surge brakes are the trailer braking Hitches a quiet street, or in an empty parking systems currently most common,found The drawbar for a weight-carrying lot. on trailers of medium capacity, and trailer hitch should be mounted to the At the launch site, be as courteous they operate automatically as the frame of the towing vehicle. Bumper and efficient as possible so you don't vehicle slows. hitches are not recommended. delay others. Have all gear stowed on /Tie-downs. When trailering, the However, they can be used for very board the boat before approaching boat should have a sufficient number light trailers. For heavier loads, a the ramp. Remove the cover, secure of tie-downs to hold the boat securely drawbar of the weight-distributing for your lines, have the fenders in place if from bouncing on the rollers or pads. "equalizer" type should be used to necessary, and remove all tie-downs A tie-down line in addition to the distribute the weight and pulling except for the boat winch. Don't winch cable should be secured power throughout the frame of the forget the drain plug. through the bow eye, with two tie- towing vehicle. Consider these ideas for your other downs securing the transom. Another very important factor is trailering equipment. Depending on the size of the craft, proper maintenance of the boat /Ball Coupler. Make sure that the additional straps may be required trailer. This is essential to highway ball coupler is the proper size to across the beam of the boat safety, not to mention the match the coupler on the trailer secured to the frame. inconvenience of breaking down on tongue. A ball too small for the Pre-check the launch site before the road. coupler could cause the trailer to backing down. Check the degree of Check the tires regularly for proper break loose from the towing vehicle, slope, water depth, and the surface of inflation and wear, and inspect the resulting in a serious accident. The the ramp to be sure you will have casings for cuts or objects embedded ball stem should be fit tightly in the sufficient traction. If others are ahead in the treads. Wheel bearings should hole on the drawbar and be secured of you at the ramp, observe several be greased at least once a year, more with lock washers. launchings to judge how your rig will often if they are submerged while /Tires. Tires should be of sufficient handle. launching. size and load-bearing capacity to Don't back down any farther than Lights should be checked at the handle the anticipated weight. necessary to launch your boat. Set the start of every trip to make sure they Generally, the larger the tire size, the handbrake and block the wheel of the are operating correctly. Waterproof better the towing characteristics. vehicle. Have your guide hold onto lamp housings should be used if the Small tires turn faster, resulting in the painter (lead line) from the bow lights are submerged when launching. excess wear and more stress on wheel when sliding the boat into the water. In fact, it's a good idea to uncouple bearings. A larger tire provides a Remember, the more proficient you the wires while launching. better ride on uneven roads. become at trailering, the more time Always carry a properly inflated /Safety Chains. Pennsylvania laws you have to enjoy boating. II spare tire. Make sure you have the requires that a trailer be equipped proper jack and lug wrench—many with two safety chains attached to the times standard automotive equipment towing vehicle in a criss-cross or "X" Virgil Chambers is chiefof the cannot accommodate your boat pattern. Safety chains should be Commission Bureau of Waterways trailer. Carry an extra wheel bearing adjusted so that they do not drag on Boating Education Section. He also set and a container of grease. Most the ground, but with enough slack so serves as chairman ofthe Boat service stations do not carry these that the trailer may be turned without Pennsylvania Editorial Advisory parts and a breakdown can spoil your overtightening. Committee. July/ August 1984 13 The Waterskier's Language by Bruce Kistler

afe, enjoyable waterskiing re- speed is too slow, a "thumbs-up" A skier patting himself on top of the quires good communication be- gesture to the observer means to speed head when skiing is telling the boat crew tween the skier, the observer, up. A "thumbs-down" signal indicates that he's had enough and is ready to Sand the boat operator. Poor that a slower speed is wanted. If the head back to shore or to the dock. This communication can lead either to an speed is right, the skier should give the signal given after a fall tells the operator uncomfortable ski ride or to an acci- thumb-and-forefinger "OK" sign. that the skier wants to be picked up in dent. This is why they and their inter- Suppose the skier wants the boat to the boat. mediary, the observer, should all know turn. With the index finger of one hand The most important signal should be the universally recognized "language" pointing upward, the skier makes a given after every fall: Both hands of commands and hand signals de- circling motion as if he were whirling an clasped over the head is the waterskier's veloped by the American Water Ski object tied to the end of the string. If he signal to the boat that he's all right. If Association. Getting ready on the dock wants the boat to go in a particular they don't see this sign after a fall, the or in the water, the skier can call out direction, he should first make the operator and observer should assume instructions directly to the observer. circling motion and then point in a wide that the skier is hurt and rush back to When he has put on his skis and wants arc the path he wants the boat to take to him. Another signal to remember tells the boat to take up slack in the towline, the right or to the left. This last signal other boats,"Watch out, skier down!" the skier should call"In gear!" or "Take can also be used by the driver to warn If a skier falls in an area where other up slack!" He must not say "OK" or the skier which direction he will turn if boats are operating and thinks that they "Ready" because the operator may he must—for example, to avoid an may not see him in the water, he should misunderstand, think that he is ready to obstacle or steer clear of an oncoming lift one of his skis vertically more than ski, and accelerate. Only when the line boat. halfway out of the water. A ski waving is tight and the skier is in position ready Another sign is for "rough water." It in the air is the best "flag" available to to go should he shout "Hit it!" the tradi- is given by making a waving motion the skier to let others know of his tional signal to start. If the line becomes with the hand. It is especially useful to presence in the water. tangled as slack is being taken out of it the boat operator or observer in warn- One final thought for the boat oper- or if anything else is wrong before ing the skier that he is about to cross a ator: The operator'sjob is to look ahead takeoff, "Neutral!" should be the com- particularly large wake. and steer a safe course. Don't be mand. The skier should never say What if the skier has to tighten a looking around constantly to watch the "Hold it" if he wants the boat to stop loose binder or adjust his PFD? How skier or look for signals; that's the because at a distance it may sound like does he signal the boat to slow down observer's duty. "Hit it!" This can be a dangerous mis- and drop him into the water? He should Waterskiing is fun, but it calls for interpretation if the line happens to be use the signal for "stop"—arm out- teamwork. The operator must know looped around an arm or a leg. stretched with the palm of the hand what the skier wants and the skier must When the skier is up and skiing, voice facing the boat. And if he wants the be able to anticipate the boat's maneu- commands are no longer practical, so driver to turn off the motor, he should vers. This can only be done if skiers and hand signals must be used. Three of draw a finger across his throat in a boat crews learn to "talk" to each other these indicate the desired speed. If the cutting motion. out on the water. Learn the water skier's language and you'll enjoy a summer of safe waterskiing. 14 Boat Pennsylvania • Speed OK Cut motor Turn

Speed up Stop Back to dock

Slow down Skier OK Skier in water

July/August /984 15 Righting a Capsized Sailboat by Janet R. Mayer

ailing on Pennsylvania waters failed to recognize changes in the wind is growing annually as a conditions, or the operator waited too recreational pastime. But long to make the necessary Ssailing requires a higher adjustments. Tightly cleating the main degree of skill than many other aquatic sheet, for example, can cause a small activities and a more thorough sailboat to capsize quite unexpectedly understanding of the rules of the road if the wind is not read clearly. and boating safety. Organized sailing instruction According to accident reports recognizes the inherent dangers of the involving boating activities in sport and teaches students a variety of Pennsylvania, more than 60 percent of techniques to prevent capsizing. all accident-related fatalities result Regardless of the amount of practice from capsizing. Most sailboat and level of expertise, small-boat capsizings occur because the operator sailors must recognize that capsizing is

16 Boat Pennsylvania 4••••••••••.•-••••

Above, pull on the daggerboard to be certain that it's completely through the boat before you begin the righting action. Then, at left, firmly press the daggerboard toward the water, grabbing the boat as it begins to right.

July/August 1984 17 Grab the gunwale as soon as the boat comes up. Be patient while the boat rocks to a resting position.

a part of the sport. Every sailor Many small sailboats are designed be much more complicated and should be prepared to enter the water to allow the sailors to "right" the craft difficult than it actually is. without much warning and once capsized. Be certain you know if The first concern when a small preparation. It is unrealistic to say your boat has that ability before you sailboat has gone over is the crew. As that you won't be the one to tip over, have to find out the hard way. Still, soon as you enter the water and are because you may. righting a capsized sailboat appears to able to do so, check to see that all participants are accounted for. When everyone who was aboard is accounted for, make preparations for Small-Boat Sailing Safety Suggestions righting the craft. In the event that participants were not wearing their PFDs before the capsizing, everyone •Always wear a PFD: a "knock immediately. If you are not wearing should don a PFD immediately. All down"can occur without warning. a PFD, you may not have the boaters who are not actively assisting •Keep an alert lookout. opportunity or the ability to put it in the act of righting the boat should •Consider the water and weather on in cold water. stay at the bow of the boat—out of conditions before taking sail. •Beware of the dangerous overhead the way, but still in sight. •If on the water after sunset, power lines in the vicinity of launch Although the definition of capsize is illuminate your craft by shining a ramps and on access roads. Each "overturn," the typical centerboard white light on the sail. year people are electrocuted when a decked-over sailboat usually remains •If you capsize and cannot right the mast comes in contact with a high- on its side when capsized. One or two craft, leaving the boat to strike out tension line. crew members (if available) may be for shore can be dangerous. Under •To avoid congestion at the launch assigned to hanging onto the normal conditions you should stay site, sailboats should be rigged away centerboard to keep the boat on its with your craft. This will enable you from the ramp area, but be sure side and not let it roll turtle (upside to be more easily located by a rescue there is adequate clearance with down). If the boat has a daggerboard party. power lines or other overhead that is not fastened to the hull, •Few people realize the danger obstructions between the rigging maintaining contact with the board involved in cold-water immersion. area and the launch ramp. also prevents it from sliding free from Cold water can numb the extremities •Sail defensively. Be sure you know the boat. Never attempt to swim to and limit the reflexes almost the rules of the road, and be sure shore. A boat is easier to spot by you know who has the right of way. rescuers than a swimmer. Avoid arm and leg movements as 8 Boat Pennsylvania Remember to swim the bow of the sailboat into the wind before boarding. Then board the boat amidship by kicking yourself up to a support position and pulling yourselfinto the boat.

much as possible in order to prevent already in the boat should lean entanglement in the rigging lines. If toward the opposite side to better floating gear is able to be recovered balance the craft. without swimming away from the When everyone has boarded the craft, push the gear under the boat. craft and is securely situated, haul in Check all lines to see that they are the lines and prepare to continue secured but not tangled and will not sailing. inhibit the boat's righting action. If the boat is to be towed once Often, the mainsheet becomes tangled righted, one or two people should stay around the tiller or tiller extension with the sailboat to maintain control. and will prevent the boat from coming Every sailor should practice these Sailing publication back up. overboard skills each season and Have someone crawl onto or pull under varying wind and weather Sailing in Pennsylvania is a downward on the centerboard to conditions so that he can execute the brochure published by the actually right the boat. As the boat skill effectively when necessary. Pennsylvania Fish Commission begins to come up, the same crew who If you are sailing on a lake that that details useful information for pulled down on the centerboard does not allow swimming activities or sailors. Included is information on should grab the gunwales of the boat has restricted swimming only, ask the the Inland Rules of the Road, as it comes into reach. Maintaining ranger if you can have permission to sailboats with auxiliary motors, firm contact with the gunwales keeps practice the skills. Typically, park sailing on Fish Commission lakes, the boat upright. rangers are supportive of safety PFD requirements, cold-water Before reentering the boat,"swim" training and practice providing they hazards, and other safety ideas. it around so that the bow is pointing are kept well-informed and it does not For a free copy, send a business- into the wind. As you and the crew appear as though you are simply sized self-addressed, stamped enter the craft, the boat will remain taking advantage of the cool water on envelope with requests to: Boating, "in irons" which will allow for more a brutally hot day! Pennsylvania Fish Commission, stability and security while boarding. I P.O. Box 1673, Harrisburg, PA The boat should be entered from 17105-1673. amidship. If more than one person is Janet R. Mayer is a special programs boarding the boat, one can stabilize coordinator in the Fish Commission the craft for the other by positioning Bureau of Waterways. She also serves himself on the opposite side. As the on Boat Pennsylvania's Editorial second person enters the boat, the one Advisory Committee.

July/ August 1984 I 9 COV„`Z`ZNY

The LAW &YOU by Perry D. Heath

Q. Does a waterways conservation A. On Commission and state park- Q. I wish to place a floating dock in officer have the authority to order me owned or controlled lakes where front of my cottage. Do I need a to take my boat to shore? electric motors only are permitted, permit? A. Yes. It is unlawful for an operator internal combustion engines attached A. Yes. No floats, ski ramps, or other of a boat to fail to follow the to or installed in boats need not be floating structures shall be placed on directions of a waterways removed, but the operation of such or along the waters of this conservation officer, who can take engines is specifically prohibited. Commonwealth unless authorized by immediate steps necessary for the the Fish Commission. safety of persons or property when he Q. Must I wear a Coast Guard or she believes that an especially Approved personal flotation device Q. I recently purchased a used boat hazardous condition may exist. while operating my sailboard? from a friend, and it does not have a A. Yes. No person shall operate or capacity plate. How may I obtain Q. I have a 20-horsepower motor on attempt to operate any sailboard on one? my boat and I also use an electric any waters of this Commonwealth A. You may get a capacity plate from motor on a local state park. Must I unless such person is wearing a type I. the Fish Commission by completing remove my gasoline engine because II, III, or V Coast Guard approved Form PFC-286, which is available the regulations only allow for the use personal flotation device. from Fish Commission regional of an electric motor? offices, boat dealers, and marinas.

Don't Use Automotive Parts in Your Boat

Some marine engine parts seem very expensive compared to their automotive equivalents, but there are major differences in the environments in which they are designed to operate. Some automotive fuel components release fuel and vapor into the engine area, and some automotive electrical parts emit sparks. Fuel vapors do not accumulate beneath the hood of a car, s but they quickly reach explosive levels in the engine area of a boat. Fish Commission Executive Director Ralph W. Abele (pictured These parts include: far left)presented Governor Thornburgh with thefirst copy of Boat • Alternators Pennsylvania. Standingfrom left to right are Ralph W. Abele; • Distributors Commissioner Leonard A. Green; Shirley M. Dennis, Secretary of • Starters, generators, and accessory Community Affairs; Virgil Chambers, Boating Education Section motors( hydraulic pump, tilt drive, chief; Clayton Buchanan, Boating Advisory Board chairman; and so forth) Nicholas AO, Boating Advisory Board member; Robert Wecker, • Starter solenoids U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary district commodore; George Smyth, • Carburetors U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary vice commodore; Lt. Collin Campbell, • Fuel pumps U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary director; Robert Klingman, DER state Using automotive components may parks assistant director; and Commissioner Walter F. Gibbs. Seated seem like a bargain when you repair with Governor Thornburgh are Fish Commission President J. or replace parts on your boat, but be Wayne Yorks (left) and Senator James A. Romanelli ofAllegheny sure to look at the value on human County. life when you tune your marine engine.

20 Boat PennsIlvania Notes from the Streams Boating Safety Decals No Value on Human Life years. On my behalf, I wish to express I checked two adults who just got my personal thanks to Commodore i1111111111M1111.11 AU- BOATS MUST HAVE ON BOARD A COAST into their rubber raft on Lake Rowena Edward Szambelak and officers and GUARD APPROVED PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICE (PFD) FOR EACH PERSON,THE PFD to see if they had any personal flotation members of the Bridesburg Outdoor SHOULD FIT AND BE ADJUSTED TO THE PERSON WHO WILL WEAR IT. devices, and they did. When they Club of Philadelphia.—Sam Staffieri, A PFD IS USELESS B.-vac:TAN"- GET TO IT 11.05. CAN swe 001.011,111. WHEN YOU NEED IT, IT MAKES GOOD SENSE showed me their PFDs, a slight chill Boatswain, Southeast Law Enforce- rOci ...04 TO WEAR IT ran through my body. Both PFDs were ment Region naz....m. FOR YOUR BOATING SAFETY of the small-child size, and one PFD RECOGNIZE AND LEARN TO [1] Canoe Checks OBEY THESE UNIFORM STATE 111 was torn open and there was no REGULATORY BUOYS AND When my deputies and I spot check MARKERS ORM flotation material inside it. I asked them canoeists for safety provisions on the if they expected that the PFDs they had Clarion River, we usually get their 010111111• NUM VOU RAM TOKYO, IICVIT WM, would save their lives, and the reply was attention by hollering,"May we check decal for nonpowered boats that they could swim! Unknown to your personal flotation devices?" We them, early spring water temperatures often get the answer,"What are they?" were around 38 degrees. Ignorance of Then we holler, "Life jackets." "Oh, The Fish Commission Bureau of the law and equipment could be costly yeah," comes the response. "Now we Waterways Boating Education Sec- colorful and fatal.— Robert L. Kish, Waterways know what you mean."—Bernie tion has available two waterproof decals that summarize Conservation Officer, Cambria County Ambrose, Waterways Conservation Of safety informa- ficer, Elk County practical boating Boating School tion. The decals serve to remind During the past winter I was ap- Diver Flag Controversy boaters about the use of PFDs, proached by Commodore Edward Much debate has risen over Rule 27 uniform state regulatory buoys and Szambelak of the Bridesburg Outboard of the new Inland and International markers, and inland rules of the Club. The club is located on the Navigation Rules published by the U.S. road. The decals, which measure 6 Delaware River, north of the new Betsy Coast Guard.This rule states that small inches by 4 inches,can be affixed to Ross Bridge. He asked if I could vessels restricted in their ability to your boat where the operator can arrange to hold a boating school at the maneuver and engaged in diving opera- see them readily. They are available club for his membership and for their tions shall exhibit a rigid replica of the free from: Boating, Bureau of boating friends. After communication International Code flag"A" at least one Waterways, Pennsylvania Fish with my regional office, I picked up the meter in height. Many divers and diver Commission,P.O. Box 1673, Harris- student manuals and PFC handouts, organizations interpreted this rule to burg, PA 17105-1673. Include a and evening classes commenced on mean that the blue-and-white "A"flag business-sized stamped, self- March 6. signal was intended to take the place of addressed envelope with requests, The initial enrollment totaled 49, the customary red flag with white and tell us whether your boat is with four drop-outs, two due to work diagonal stripe. powered or nonpowered so that we night shift changes. Instead of the usual A recent interpretation by the Coast can send you the appropriate decal. outlined three-lesson course, popular Guard states that if the vessel is restricted in its ability to maneuver demand extended it to six lessons. Most decal for powered boats class members were adults, with a few because divers are attached to the ST.D.D.A.0 families attending. Having conducted vessel, then the "A" flag must be '007 other boating classes through the years, displayed. However, because the red- 00,...110•1 000,09 I found this particular one most grat- and-white flag is traditionally recog- ifying because of the attendance, parti- nized by the average boater as a sign op.an sty. cipation, and facilities. Especially grat- that a diver is underwater, this flag also Ana^ •O• 19.0 110.11voi *Mr, 1.16010 ••( 1•00•NO Pay'WM IMIVOM• •••••,..•tOarr •.40-111 ifying was that 90 percent had years of may be used. The blue-and-white flag .41 vw••••• boating experience, some attending marks the boat, if the boat is restricted ••••• .7•01.6.0. C> —* U.S.C.G. Auxiliary and Sea Cadet because the diver is tethered to the craft, C> 411111 C>•—•

Schools. while the red-and-white flag is used to ca• .0.00:- •00 ,0 NMI re ..imn ••••14= MOM 111•0•174•1 C0.001 1.10.1 MM. saalln arr Many participants stated that the mark the locale ofa diver.—Joe Greene, school was great, and that they had Boating Education Specialist, Harris- learned a lot, in spite of their boating burg Headquarters \.. July/August 1984 MIL

I very much enjoyed the May/June this one and as Pennsylvania Angler, I Please accept my hearty issue of Boat Pennsylvania. I own a will look foward to receiving each congratulations on the first issue of runabout, and my family and I enjoy issue. Boat Pennsylvania. The articles are cruising and water skiing. How about well-written by experts and the doing a feature on these activities at Paul Gregory, Chief photographs and graphic treatment Blue Marsh Lake? Division of Watercraft created a very professional Ohio Department of presentation. Stephen L. Fehl Natural Resources Reading, PA Bruce Kistler Assistant Executive We'll pass along your suggestion to Director our contributors, and we welcome Can you recommend a good book for reviewing American Water Ski hearing from readers with article ideas a lot of boating information? Association and suggestions for topics they'd like I'm no beginner, but I could use the review and brush-up. to see in the magazine. I am new to canoeing, but I enjoy it Gordon Bogardus tremendously and 1 loved your first Erie, PA issue of Boat Pennsylvania. What does a "Class II" river mean, and how many different Pennsylvania Basic Boating is the classifications of I noticed on page 22 of the waterways Fish Commission's 84-page overview are there? May/June Boat Pennsylvania a listing of boating details. Subtitled "A Study for the Boat Pennsylvania Editorial Guide to Safety Afloat," the book is Trent Baldwin Advisory Committee. What does the divided into six sections: Boats, Bryn Mawr, PA group do?—Charles Gray, Ardmore, Equipment, Navigation, Safety on the PA The Water, Emergency Measures, and international scale of river difficulty Skipper's Duties. The book is well- divides waterways into six Boat Pennsylvania Editorial The illustrated with photographs, classes. Class I is moving water with a Advisory Committee is a group of few diagrams, charts, and drawings. It's riffles and small waves, and few magazine experts who lend the their must reading for all Pennsylvania or no obstructions. Class VI is nearly technical knowledge, thus ensuring the impossible boaters, and it's available for $1 to navigate and very thoroughness dangerous. magazine's and postpaid from: Boating, Pennsylvania For the complete details, technical accuracy. Virgil Chambers, and Fish Commission, P.O. Box 1673, other useful information on chief the Fish Commission Bureau canoeing, of Harrisburg, PA 17105-1673. Make the Fish Commission has of Waterways Boating Education available checks and money orders payable to a pamphlet called Canoe Section, leads group. Safety. the the Pennsylvania Fish Commission. For a free single copy, contact: If you have a question on any Boating, Pennsylvania Fish aspect of boating, technical or Commission, P.O. Box 1673, otherwise, you can contact: The Congratulations to the Harrisburg, PA 17105-1673. Include a Editor, Boat Pennsylvania, P.O. Box Pennsylvania Fish Commission for an business-sized self-addressed, stamped 1673, Harrisburg, PA 17105-1673. outstanding job with Boat envelope with requests. Pennsylvania. It's an outstanding tool for boating safety, and the Commission is a real leader among BACKTALK states in this area. Congratulations on Boat >nv.Dovs Pennsylvania. I found it very Neil Ross informative and educational. Marine Recreation If you have an opinion on Boat Pennsylvania continues to be a trend- Specialist Pennsylvania content, a question setter in boating safety and you and Marine Advisory on boating, or a helpful idea, send your staff are to be commended. I Service correspondence to: The Editor, read the magazine cover to cover, and University of Rhode Boat Pennsylvania, P.O. Box if future issues are as interesting as Island 1673, Harrisburg, PA 17105-1673.

22 Boat Pennsylvania BOAT Pennsylvanial

SUBSCRIPTIONS Canoeists' Profile 1. NEW ORDER According to the National Marine Manufacturers To start a subscription to Boat Pennsylvania or Association, Americans own some 6 million canoes at an to extend your current subscription, enter your average cost in 1983 of $392 each. In the largest age group name and address and check the subscription about one-fifth the total, are those who are 30- of canoeists, term you prefer. (Please print clearly) 34 years old. More than 70 percent of canoe owners are married, and more than 75 percent own single-family homes. Now, guess where the heaviest concentration of canoeists Your name is in the United States. Right—the Middle-Atlantic and East-North-Central areas are tops with Pennsylvania and Address Apt. Wisconsin regional winners. City State Zip (18 issues)0 New subscriber BUREAU OF FISHERIES O 3 years $11 AND ENGINEERING O 1 year $4(6 issues) 0 Renewal 814-359-5100 Edward R. Miller, P.E., Assistant Executive Director Delano Graff, Fisheries (attach mailing label)

BUREAU OF WATERWAYS 717-657-4538 Gene Sporl, Assistant Executive Director Edward W. Manhart, Signature Law Enforcement Dedicated to the sound con- Virgil Chambers, Account # if renewing servation of our aquatic re- Boating Education (Account number appears above name on label.) sources, the protection and management of the state's di- OFFICE OF INFORMATION 2. TO GIVE A GIFT: versified fisheries, and to the 717-657-4518 ideals of safe boating and opti- Enter your name and address above and your Michael J. Bickler, Director mum boating opportunities. recipient's name and address below. Larry Shaffer, Publications EXECUTIVE OFFICE Stephen B. Ulsh, Education O 3 years $11(18 issues) Ralph W. Abele, Dave Wolf, Media Relations Executive Director O 1 year $4(6 issues) It Howard T. Hardie, Boat Pennsylvania Editorial Gift card to read "From Administrative Assistant Advisory Committee Dennis T. Guise, Virgil Chambers, Chairman TO Chief Counsel (Chief, Boating Education Ross E. Starner, Section, Bureau of Waterways, Comptroller Pennsylvania Fish Commission) Address Apt. Joe Greene(Boating Education BUREAU OF Specialist, Pennsylvania Fish ADMINISTRATIVE Commission) City State Zip Janet R. Mayer(Special Programs Return this form to: SERVICES 717-657-4522 Coordinator, Pennsylvania PENNSYLVANIA FISH COMMISSION Paul F. O'Brien, Fish Commission) Director Charles Walbridge(canoeing) BOAT PA Circulation Allison J. Mayhew, Personnel Jack Davis(water skiing) P.O. Box 1673 John Hoffman, Real Estate Gus Neuss, Jr. (sailing) Glen Reed, Federal Aid Leann R. Diehl (kayaking) Harrisburg, PA 17105-1673 Mary Stine, Licensing Ed Rogowski, Jr.(cruising) Be sure your name and address appear both on this form and on your check. Attention: competitors in the sale of houses, You could also let Boat appliances, insurance, furniture, Pennsylvania say,"Merry Businessmen cars, and various other services, and Christmas," to your employees; and for opening new accounts. the magazine could also be part of and Employers Furthermore, let Boat awards to employees for service,job Pennsylvania help you maintain performance, safety, and other Why not give your new clients and goodwill among your present special recognition. customers gift subscriptions to Boat customers and provide year-round We'll send gift announcements to Pennsylvania? You might want to contact—your customers and clients those you name as gift subscription advertise these gift subscriptions as will remember your products and recipients. For complete details. bonuses, as enticements for choosing services as each monthly issue contact Boat Pennsylvania Editor your company or organization over arrives. Art Michaels at 717-657-4520. Calendar July 1 Sailboat races, Marsh Creek Yacht Club, James W. Ford, P.O. Grand Prix Series, Three Rivers Lake. Marsh Creek Sailing Club, Box 1075, Erie, PA 16512(various Regatta, Pittsburgh, PA. Charles S. Cook, 218 Lansdowne dates through 9/30). 18-19 20th Anniversary Yough Avenue, Wayne, PA 19087 (various 13-15 Eastern Region Slalom, Ohiopyle, PA. Sue White, dates through 10/28). Competitive Water Ski Meet, 413 Treeside Drive, Stow, OH 1 Sailboat races, Conneaut Lake Epler's Park, Felix Dam, 44224. (north end). John N. Shaffer, Schuylkill River. Reading Water Conneaut Lake Yacht Club, 14 Skiers, Inc., RD 9, Box 9187, September Forest Avenue, Meadville, PA Reading, PA 19605. 7-9 Kettle Cup Canoe Race, 16335(various dates through 14-21, 28 Sailboat races, Lake Delaware Canal,(Easton to Labor Day). Nockamixon. Nockamixon Sail Tinicum Park). Girl Scouts, Boy 1 Sailboat races, Nuangola Club, Inc., Joseph M. Galli, 530 Scouts, and Explorer Scouts. Lake. Commodore Stephen T. Barrington Court, Sellersville, George H. Sanford, Jr., 19 Fleetwood, Nuangola Yacht Club, PA 18960. Sunnyside Lane, Yardley, PA 15 Nuangola Avenue, 21-22 Paddle-Rama (canoe 19067. Mountaintop, PA 18707(various races), Delaware River, Delaware 15 Sailboat races, Blue Marsh dates through 9/I). Water Gap. Bucks County Council, Lake (State Hill Launch Area). 7 Sailboat races, Lake Arthur. Boy Scouts of America, Box 797, Murry Frink, Blue Marsh Sailing Paul M. Taylor, Moraine Sailing Doylestown, PA 18901-0797 Association, 3120 Octagon Avenue, Club, P.O. Box 692, Pittsburgh, (215-348-9436). Sinking Spring, PA 19608 (various PA 15230(various dates through 22 Sailboat instruction and dates through 10/21). 10/13). competition, Yellow Creek Lake. 29-30 Pennsylvania Cup Race 7 Sailboat races, Lake Prindle Fleet #65. Dania L. (2, Lenape, West Chester, PA.) Wallenpaupack (Tafton). Lake Svaline, Commodore, 1042 Bob & Ellen Christensen, 2013 Wallenpaupack Yacht Club. John Pennsbury Blvd., N., Pittsburgh, Chester Avenue, Abington, PA D. Folwell, 3757 Turner Street, PA 15205 (various dates through 19001. Allentown, PA 18104(various 10/3). dates through 9/15). 23 Great American Raft Race. 7-8 Rowing Races, Schuylkill Accomac to Wrightville. John River (Twin Stones Bridge to Keesee, 3211 Cometlight Drive, To have your organization's activities considered to appear in Columbia Bridge). Schuylkill Navy York, PA 17402. Boat Penn- sylvania's"Calendar"column, send the of Philadelphia, Steve McKenna, 24-27 Instructor workshop at information to us at least three months Commodore, #4 Boathouse Row, Shippensburg University for before the date of the activity. For Philadelphia, PA 19130(various Implementing Boating Program. instance,if your group's event occurs in dates through 11/22). For certified teachers and October, we must have the information 8 Sailboat races, South Dock, administrators. Department of in July. Send items to: The Editor, Rose Valley Lake. David Stone, Education, Shippensburg Boat Pennsylvania Calendar,P.O. Box Lycoming Yacht Club, 926 First University, Shippensburg, PA 1673, Harrisburg, PA 17105-1673. Avenue, Williamsport, PA 17701 17257 (717-787-5317). (various dates through 10/14). 12 Sailboat races, Presque Isle August Bay and Lake Erie. Presque Isle 4-5 1984 Bud Light Formula One

../ FIRE! by Joe Greene

ire aboard a boat can be a terrifying Fexperience. A person may have only a split second to act. The impor- tance of having fully charged fire extin- guishers on hand cannot be overempha- sized. Most fires can be prevented. Clean Wortrosky bilges often and maintain proper gear Jo• storage at all times. Whenever a condi- Follow these steps if fire breaks out have put out the fire if they had used a tion may contribute to a fire, correct it at while you're under way: marine fire extinguisher. However, if once. While these precautions do not •Slow or stop the boat. Wind from the the fire is indeed more than you can guarantee that a fire will never start, boat's motion feeds the flames. handle, don your PFD and quickly they do greatly reduce the possibility. • Keep the fire downwind. If the fire is jump overboard upwind of the burning Fuel, heat, and oxygen are necessary aft, head the bow into the wind. If for- craft. for fire to exist. Eliminate any one of ward, put the stern into the wind. them and the fire will go out. Fires are • If the motor catches fire, shut off the Joe Greene is a Fish Commission boat- usually extinguished by cooling, smoth- fuel supply immediately. ing education specialist. He also serves ering, or both. Most U.S. Coast Guard These actions help prevent the fire on Boat Pennsylvania's Editorial Advi- approved fire extinguishers are designed from spreading to other parts of the sory Committee. to smother fires. For oil and grease boat. fires, direct these agents at the base of Before fire breaks out, plan ahead. the fire. Decide what should be done to combat Boating Publication Never use water on gasoline, oil, a fire in any part of the boat. grease, or electrical fires. Water spreads Most boat fires can be put out rapidly The Fish Commission has avail- a gasoline fire, and because water is a if you act immediately. Don't hesitate! If able a pamphlet titled Marine Fire conductor, you may receive a damaging a fire starts, grab the extinguisher, acti- Extinguishers, which describes the shock from an electrical fire. Water can vate it, and direct it at the base of the different kinds of devices available be used to extinguish burning wood, flames. Use short bursts and sweep it with other useful information. For a mattresses, rags, rubbish, and alcohol. from side to side. Don't wait until a fire free copy,contact: Boating, Pennsyl- Even if a fire appears to be out, it may breaks out to read the directions on the vania Fish Commission, P.O. Box smolder for a long while and start up label. Know these in advance. 1673, Harrisburg, PA 17105-1673. again. If possible, soak burning mate- Many boats have burned all the way Include a self-addressed, stamped rials over the downwind side of the boat. to the water line because the boaters business-sized envelope with requests. When the emergency is over, retrieve the panicked and jumped overboard with- debris to avoid littering the waterway. out assessing the situation. They could

July/ August 1984 25 Pick a Prop for Peak Performance by Mike Bleech

ropellers are the most important Pitch yond that, special circumstances may performance variable for boat- Most boat motors can use a variety call for different props. pers, after you pick a boat and of propellers, each designed for a A prop with less than maximum motor. Props have a profound effect on different purpose. The props vary in pitch gives your boat more power. It a boat's handling, speed, acceleration, three basic ways: pitch, diameter, and will jump out of the hole (get up on fuel economy, and riding comfort. But number of blades. The pitch is deter- plane) quicker, respond to the throttle many boaters are not aware of the mined by the theoretic distance the faster in the lower rpm range, and troll various propeller options available for prop travels through the water in one at slower speeds, but the maximum most motors. revolution. Another way of looking at speed will be lower and it will consume Basically, a prop is composed of pitch is the distance the prop would more fuel. Another disadvantage, poten- blades affixed to a central hub. Each travel if it were rotated one revolution tially serious, is that the motor could be blade has a leading edge, which is the into a soft solid. Diameter is the size of damaged if you run it at full throttle, edge nearest the boat, a trailing edge the circle traced by the tips as they spin. because it would be running over the along the opposite edge,and a blade tip, Pitch is the most telling propeller maximum rpm recommended by the at the maximum distance that each variable. It is important to match pitch manufacturer. Still, it can be a real blade reaches from the hub. The blade to the job that the boat and motor will advantage in some fishing situations, or face is the broad surface facing away perform. My 16-foot aluminum boat when pulling water skiers. from the boat, and the blade back is the and 70-horsepower motor,for example, In general, use low pitch for trolling opposite surface. Many blades have a get their best fuel economy and speed and water skiing, medium pitch for cup, a curve or lip along the trailing with a 19-pitch prop. For slow trolling, general boating, and high pitch for edge. It allows the prop to hold water a I5-pitch is necessary. A 17-pitch prop cruising, for bass boats, and for achiev- better, similar to the way high-traction does a good all-around job, including ing top speed. automobile tires work. pulling a water skier. The diameter is usually connected The hub attaches to the drive shaft in with pitch, and you need not pay it the motor's lower unit. Exhaust gases Rpm and mph much concern, if you stay with the are vented either through the hub or A tachometer is essential to determine props recommended by the motor around it. the best prop. Run the boat at full manufacturer. Number of blades is, Propellers have also been called throttle and watch the tach. The motor likewise, of little concern to sport screws, and this name reveals how they should run in the rpm range specified by boaters, but it does deserve some work. A propeller forces its way through the manufacturer. If the rpm run too comment. Increasing the number of the water in much the same way as a high, the prop should have more pitch, blades decreases efficiency, but it also screw passes through wood. and if the motor does not reach rpm, reduces vibration. Three blades is the A push-pull process caused by a the prop should have less pitch. Cutting standard compromise for powerboats. spinning propeller creates the thrust back one inch in pitch adds about 200 that moves a boat. The leading edge rpm, and vice versa. Options pulls in water from an area larger than Use both the tachometer and the In addition to these basic propeller the diameter of the prop. This water speedometer to find the most efficient variables, there are specialized options. accelerates as it passes through the rpm to mph combination. The prop One is the prop material. Standard prop, and is pushed out past the trailing indicated by these tests gives your boat props are usually aluminum, which edge in a concentrated stream, or jet. its best all-around performance. Be- bends or breaks on striking just about

26 Boat Pennsylvania anything. Aluminum props can be are as much as five time stronger than boats. These props are very popular repaired, if the damage is not too similar aluminum props, and stainless among bass boaters. severe, by a professional prop shop. steel props flex much less than alumi- Propellers are reasonably easy to Other common prop materials are num props. change, so it is practical to carry more plastic, bronze, and stainless steel. One example of a high-performance than one prop and change them as the Bronze is fading out of the picture, prop is the "chopper." This prop has need arises. Remember to pull the key except for some inboard motor applica- thinner blades, and does not vent the and the spark plus wires before working tions. Plastic is used for some low exhaust gas through the hub. It may on the prop, and tie a line to parts when horsepower motors, because it is light- also have more rake.(Rake is the slant changing props on the water. weight and corrosion free. Stainless of the blade, High rake lifts the bow on steel props are much more durable, but light, high-performance boats.)The big they are also much more expensive. advantage of a chopper prop is that it Freelance writer-photographer Mike A common misconception is that allows higher motor mounting, which Bleech edits Drop Off, the newsletter of stainless steel props are high-perform- produces more speed, a significant the Pennsylvania B.A.S.S. Chapter ance props. Still, stainless steel props factor only. with high performance Federation.

July/August 1984 27 Canoeing with Children by CliffJacobson 4,.;mmisimmw4,•'" ..._...-

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photos by the author

he Indians call it "Chataqua," which means The first time you see the bright eyes of your child come "traveling show." And it aptly describes a family of alive with wonder at the sight of a big blue heron standing canoeists on a pleasant float downstream. Put these knee-deep in sea-green duck weed a dozen feet away, or T together in the same canoe: Mom and Dad, a soothe the frightened cry that results when a foot-long fish wiggling two-year-old and inquisitive five-year-old, waterproof jumps brashly across your bow, or thrill to the bubbly packsacks filled with dry clothes, an ice chest stocked with laughter of a breezy glide down gentle rapids, youll "know." pop, a thermos of milk, bags of disposable diapers, sunscreen Then no amount of pre- or post-trip drudgery will ever again and bug dope, toilet paper, facial tissues and Handi-Wipes, chain you to the dull confines of house or garden work, when jackets, hats and paddles, a camera and a pair of stuffed teddy on the river there awaits the sun-lit morning of a new day. bears, potato chips, pretzels, and candy snacks...and the view Children are magic, and canoes are the perfect vehicle to from dock-side is in every sense a "Chataqua"! transport them into the ever-changing, always entertaining At these times you're sure to wonder if all the pre-trip world of nature. There's no better way to keep a youthful planning and packing, the stern instructions to the kids, and heart than to paddle with young people. Canoes provide all the hopeful prayers for a brilliant, rain-free day are really the entertainment kids need to provide all the laughs you worth the joys of a family canoe outing. Is canoeing with need! children all it's cracked up to be? Or is it really more trouble So much for philosophy. Now let's be deadly honest: than it's worth? Canoeing with children can be a trying experience, even when

July/ August 1984 29 you do everything right. Your role as parent and leader life vest. The poncho—which has been cut to size with requires canoe handling knowledge, a perceptive eye, and scissors—is the final layer. Put on the rain hat and snug the patience, patience, patience! Even then, don't expect miracles. poncho hood over it. Your child is now completely Kids will behave like kids. rain-proofed! Rationale: The long draping poncho protects the body and The right attitude head; the nylon jacket keeps arms dry and adds a second rain- Uppermost in your mind should be the realization that proof layer. The acrylic or polypropylene sweater absorbs you're canoeing for the sake of the children, not the adults. body-produced moisture and prevents overheating and Everything should be structured around their safety, well- chilling. Galoshes keep feet dry and are invaluable when being, and concerns. I've seen parents set toddlers on a cold wading ashore, even in nice weather. damp floor of a metal canoe without so much as a square of Always pack a complete change of clothes in a waterproof plastic for insulation. Without a dry place to sit, a comfortable bag, even for short trips during controlled weather conditions. backrest, and a soft pad to sleep on, they'll respond by crying, An ice chest can substitute for waterproof packs if you seal screaming, and kicking—exactly what you can't tolerate in the the lid with silver duct tape. tippy confines of a canoe. The right equipment and a detailed Kids won't feel part of the canoeing experience unless they battle plan eliminate most problems. can join in the fun of paddling, so be sure to furnish a paddle of appropriate length for each child. And don't be frustrated The proper equipment by your passenger's inability to paddle correctly; right now, it's Lifejacket: It's absolutely essential that everyone be only important that everyone has a good time. outfitted with a properly sized PFD. What's available (or Insects: Nothing can spoil a trip faster than determined cheap!) isn't good enough. And an adult life vest on a six- mosquitoes and black flies. Repellents are essential but year-old is a sure recipe for drowning. Kids aren't built like mustn't be too strong. Super-effective products that contain adults; their mass is higher in their bodies. Consequently, they more than 40 percent DEET(diethyl-metatoluamide) may be need special flotation devices. too caustic for sensitive young skin. Citronella or cream-based It's not enough simply to have life jackets "readily formulas are best. If bugs are really a problem, provide a head available." They must be worn at all times! To illustrate the net and gloves for everyone. point, adults must set the example. After a few trips, kids will Canoe trips of about 5 or 6 miles (three to four hours) are "buckle-up" automatically before they climb aboard. And so ideal for both youngsters and adults. Plan to stop on the hour will you. for breaks and "wilderness exploration." Diapers are best The popular "orange horse collar" life preservers are changed on shore. For canoeing, disposable diapers are an inexpensive and reliable, but they're terribly uncomfortable. absolute must. Take plenty, packed in a waterproof bag, and Few children (or adults) can stand to wear one for very long. don't forget to pack them out! And wearing is the name of the game. There are some child- Safety considerations: Finally, it should go without saying sized vests that are comfortable enough to be worn all day that rapids and deep fast-water areas should be avoided, even long without complaint. Prices aren't cheap. They shouldn't by highly experienced canoeists. Gentle riffles that are shallow be! A child's life is much too precious to skimp on quality or enough to walk down can of course be paddled, and add to reliability. the fun. A comforable place to sit and lie down: A boat cushion (rectangular life preserver) makes an ideal seat—one that's ClfffJacobson has 32 years ofexperience in canoeing and is warm and out-of-contact with water that accumulates on the one ofthe foremost canoeing experts in America. He is the canoe's floor. The rocking motion of a canoe is conducive to author ofthree canoeing books, the latest of which is long naps, so you may want to provide a bed of some sort, Canoeing Wild Rivers, published by Stackpole Books. especially if there are pre-schoolers aboard. A closed-cell foam pad or air mattress plus a light blanket is all you need. It's wise to bring along some plastic to lay over the blanket if it rains. Protectionfrom the elements: It's amazing how many trips begin in dazzling sunlight and end in persistent rain. For this reason, prepare for the worst. A wide-brimmed waterproof hat with a chin strap serves for sun and rain, and a light wool or acrylic stocking cap ensures warmth if the temperature drops unexpectedly. On really cold days, both hats can be worn. It's silly to spend a lot of money on sophisticated raingear that will be outgrown in a season, especially if there are SPECIAL OFFER inexpensive alternatives that work as well. A cheap plastic A 3-year charter subscription gets the subscriber a colorful poncho (around $3 at camp shops), a waterproof nylon "Boat PA" patch(2 /12" x 434") absolutely FREE. But hurry windbreaker, a thin acrylic or polypropylene "sweater," and a — this offer (a $1.50 value) for charter Boat Pennsylvania pair of unlined rubber boots or galoshes sized to fit over nylon subscribers is good until September 7, 1984. Don't wait sneakers are all you need. subscribe NOW! Here's the procedure for rain: The sweater goes next to the skin or over a light shirt. It's followed by the nylon jacket and July/ August 1984 31 Bulk Rate U. S. POSTAGE PAID Harrisburg, Pa. Permit No. 495

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