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Debian: La Distribuzione, Il Progetto Comunitario E L'ecosistema Di Derivate

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Debian: La Distribuzione, Il Progetto Comunitario E L'ecosistema Di Derivate Debian: la distribuzione, il progetto comunitario e l'ecosistema di derivate Luca Bruno in rappresentanza del progetto Debian 1 Maggio 2011 Ubuntu-IT Party 2011 Schio (VI), Italy Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 1 / 42 Due informazioni su di me Studente di Ingegneria Informatica a Torino Ricercatore nel campo delle reti 6LoWPAN presso l'Ist. Sup. Boella Utente Linux dal 2001 Membro del progetto Debian (Debian Developer) dal 2007 I lowpan-tools, toolchain per MSP430, pacchetti vari . Membro del progetto GNOME dal 2007 I GParted, Nemiver, Istanbul Contributore a vari progetti, tra cui Inkscape ed il Kernel Linux Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 2 / 42 Contenuti 1 Cos'`eDebian? Un po' di storia la distribuzione, il progetto, la base per le derivate 2 Cos'ha di speciale Debian? 3 I dettagli Il contratto sociale Chi prende le decisioni Organizzazione tecnica 4 L'ecosistema di derivate e Ubuntu 5 Contribuire a Debian Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 3 / 42 Premessa | cos'`euna \distribuzione" le distribuzioni sono nate per semplificare la gestione dei programmi idea chiave: la creazione di pacchetti le distribuzioni offrono agli utenti un insieme consistente di programmi elemento cruciale: il gestore di pacchetti Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 4 / 42 Contenuti 1 Cos'`eDebian? Un po' di storia la distribuzione, il progetto, la base per le derivate 2 Cos'ha di speciale Debian? 3 I dettagli Il contratto sociale Chi prende le decisioni Organizzazione tecnica 4 L'ecosistema di derivate e Ubuntu 5 Contribuire a Debian Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 5 / 42 Debian: all'inizio dei tempi Fellow Linuxers, This is just to announce the imminent completion of a brand-new Linux release, which I'm calling the Debian Linux Release. [. ] Ian A Murdock, 16/08/1993 comp.os.linux.development creare un sistema GNU/Linux in competizione con gli OS commerciali facile da installare mantenuto collaborativamente da contibutori competenti la prima grande distribuzione \aperta, nello spirito GNU" (per diverso tempo, raccomandata da FSF) trivia: il nome deriva da DEBra Lynn e IAN Ashley Murdock Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 6 / 42 Da allora | 15 rilasci 1993 development snapshots 1994 0.91 1995 0.93r5, 0.93r6, 1.0 1996 1.1 \Buzz", 1.2 \Rex" 1997 1.3 \Bo" 1998 2.0 \Hamm" 1999 2.1 \Slink" 2000 2.2 \Potato" 2002 3.0 \Woody" 2005 3.1 \Sarge" 2007 4.0 \Etch" trivia: 2009 5.0 \Lenny" Perch`eBuzz ha una 2011 6.0 \Squeeze" spirale sul mento? ? 7.0 \Wheezy" Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 7 / 42 Da allora | 12 Debian Project Leaders (DPL) 1993{1996 Ian Murdock 1996{1997 Bruce Perens 1997{1998 Ian Jackson 1999{2001 Wichert Akkerman 2001{2002 Ben Collins 2002{2003 Bdale Garbee 2003{2005 Martin Michlmayr 2005{2006 Branden Robinson 2006{2007 Anthony Towns 2007{2008 Sam Hocevar 2008{2010 Steve McIntyre 2010{2012 Stefano Zacchiroli Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 8 / 42 Cos'`eDebian? 3 aspetti, strettamente correlati: 1 un sistema operativo 2 un progetto comunitario 3 la base di molte distribuzioni derivate Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 9 / 42 Debian: il sistema operativo completamente Free Software I impegno sancito nelle DFSG una dozzina di architetture i386, amd64, armel, powerpc, sparc, ia64, mipsel, s390, mips I di cui 2 port non-Linux kfreebsd-i386, kfreebsd-amd64 alcune caratteristiche. stabilit`a,nuovo sistema di pacchetti, molta documentazione, supporto per hardware datato, facilmente aggiornabile, una versione di testing \gira ovunque", policy tecniche, tanti una delle pi`uampie piattaforme GNU pacchetti, . 29'000 pacchetti (Lenny) Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 10 / 42 Debian: il progetto Obiettivo condiviso: Creare il miglior sistema operativo libero. Debian Social Contract (1997) Il \contratto" tra i membri del progetto e l'intera comunit`adel Free Software Debian Constitution (1998) La struttura e le regole per il buon funzionamento di un progetto democratico basato sul Free Software Un'ampia e motivata base: ≈ 1'000 volontari, da tutto il mondo ≈ 900 DD (sviluppatori) + 120 DM (manutentori) Europa > Nord America > Australia ≈ Giappone > America Latina Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 11 / 42 Debian: il progetto (cont.) Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 11 / 42 Debian: la comunit`a Modello di sviluppo aperto non nascondiamo i nostri problemi tutti sono ben accetti (\valutiamo i contributi, non i contributori") Incentrata sulla comunicazione mailing list canali IRC servizi via Web I lato sociale: @debian, !debian su identi.ca Utenti con competenza tecnica relazioni basate sull'aiuto reciproco, segnalazione dei problemi e caccia spietata ai bug Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 12 / 42 Contenuti 1 Cos'`eDebian? Un po' di storia la distribuzione, il progetto, la base per le derivate 2 Cos'ha di speciale Debian? 3 I dettagli Il contratto sociale Chi prende le decisioni Organizzazione tecnica 4 L'ecosistema di derivate e Ubuntu 5 Contribuire a Debian Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 13 / 42 Debian: una tra le tante? nel 1993, non erano tante le distribuzioni esistenti 18 anni dopo, ne esistono molte altre openSUSE, Linux Mint, PCLinuxOS, Slackware, Gentoo Linux, CentOS, FreeBSD, Arch, Sabayon, Puppy, Lubuntu, MEPIS, Ultimate, NetBSD, Tiny Core, Zenwalk, CrunchBang, Dreamlinux, Vector, Kubuntu, Maemo, Red Hat, aptosid, Peppermint, PC-BSD, Chakra, Salix, ClearOS, KNOPPIX, Xubuntu, Super OS, BackTrack, gOS, TinyMe, Zentyal, EasyPeasy, Frugalware, Clonezilla, Pardus, Meego, OpenBSD, Quirky, PC/OS, Zorin, Debian, SystemRescue, Element, Unity, SliTaz, Macpup, wattOS, Scientific, Mythbuntu, Slax, DragonFLY, Elive, linux-gamers, 64 Studio, Ubuntu, mageia, Nexenta, Parisx, NuTyX, GhostBSD, Kongoni, moonOS, LFS, Lunar, Imagineos, Untangle, Fedora, Yellow Dog, aLinux, Yoper, IPFire, BlankOn, Mandriva, PureOS, FreeNAS, Moblin, Linpus, TurboLinux, blackPanther, . con diverse peculiarit`a o specializzazioni: scelte tecniche supporto gestione dei rilasci sistema di pacchetti ritmo di rilascio base di utenti target di utenza look & feel comunit`a ... Perch`eDebian `ediversa? Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 14 / 42 Caratteristica #1: qualit`adei pacchetti \ Cultura di eccellenza tecnica " lato tecnico: Policy ossia \come devono esser fatti i pacchetti" stress-test dei pacchetti: lintian, piuparts, compilazione da sorgenti (FTBFS), . gli sviluppatori sono competenti ed esperti (nel campo loro software) non esistono pacchetti di 2a classe Il nostro motto We release when it's ready Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 15 / 42 Caratteristica #2: la libert`a Principio imprescindibile: sviluppatori e utenti sono legati dal Contratto Sociale 1 promuovere la \cultura del Free Software" dal 1993 2 un sistema libero da cima a fondo I sia come software inclusi i firmware ! I sia come infrastruttura non proponiamo servizi web non-free (agli utenti) non proponiamo strumenti non-free (agli sviluppatori) Una comunit`avigile, in cui gli utenti commentano e partecipano nelle decisioni gli utenti sanno che Debian ha sposato la causa della libert`a si promuove un livello molto alto di attivismo per il Free Software Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 16 / 42 Caratteristica #3: indipendenza Debian `eun'entit`a indipendente non siamo controllati/influenzati da alcuna azienda viviamo di: 1 donazioni (fondi & hardware) 2 singole ricompense . aspetto non trascurabile nel mondo attuale delle \grandi" distribuzioni le persone possono fidarsi, sapendo che le decisioni prese in Debian sono motivate da eccellenza tecnica e non dalla ricerca del profitto. Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 17 / 42 Caratteristica #4: Chi decide 1 do-ocracy An individual Developer may make any technical or nontechnical decision with regard to their own work; [ Debian Constitution, x3.3.1.1 ] 2 democracy Each decision in the Project is made by one or more of the following: 1. The Developers, by way of General Resolution [...] [ Debian Constitution, x2 ] Due principi chiave che si traducono in: la reputazione si guadagna lavorando/sul campo non esiste un oligarchia che prende le decisioni non esiste un dittatore benevolo non esistono decisioni imposte (da chi ci mette i soldi, l'infrastruttura, i dipendenti, . ) Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 18 / 42 Contenuti 1 Cos'`eDebian? Un po' di storia la distribuzione, il progetto, la base per le derivate 2 Cos'ha di speciale Debian? 3 I dettagli Il contratto sociale Chi prende le decisioni Organizzazione tecnica 4 L'ecosistema di derivate e Ubuntu 5 Contribuire a Debian Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 19 / 42 Social Contract (1997) Uno dei principali Documenti Fondativi di Debian; esplicita gli accordi tra Debian e la comunit`a. Sancisce che: 1 Debian rimarr`asempre 100% Free Software 2 ci impegneremo a fornire le nostre modifiche alla comunit`adel Free Software 3 non nasconderemo i nostri problemi 4 le nostre priorit`a sono i nostri utenti e il Free Software 5 esistono alcuni pacchetti che non rispecchiano appieno i nostri standard per il Free Software I non fanno parte di Debian, ma sono temporaneamente ospitati (separatamente) I catalogati in main, contrib, non-free http://www.debian.org/social_contract Luca Bruno (Debian) Il progetto Debian Schio (VI) 20 / 42 Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG) Il Contratto Sociale si basa su una serie di \definizioni"
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