Aggression in Relation to Pack Size and Territory Availability
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Yellowstone Wolfproject Annual Report 1999
YELLOWSTONE WOLFPROJECT ANNUAL REPORT 1999 Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Report 1999 Douglas W. Smith, Kerry M. Murphy, and Debra S. Guernsey National Park Service Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-NR-2000-01 Suggested citation: Smith, D.W., K.M. Murphy, and D.S. Guernsey. 2000. Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 1999. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, YCR-NR-2000-01. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Background.................................................................... iv Composition of Wolf Kills ...................................... 8 1999 Summary................................................................ v Winter Studies ......................................................... 8 The Yellowstone Wolf Population .................................. 1 Wolf Management .......................................................... 9 Population Status and Reproduction ....................... 1 Area Closures .......................................................... 9 Population Movements and Territories ................... 2 Pen Removal ........................................................... 9 Mortalities ............................................................... 3 Wolf Depredation Outside the Park......................... 9 Pack Summaries ............................................................. 3 Wolf Genetics Studies .................................................... 9 Leopold Pack .......................................................... -
Subcultural Appropriations of Appalachia and the Hillbilly Image, 1990-2010
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2019 The Mountains at the End of the World: Subcultural Appropriations of Appalachia and the Hillbilly Image, 1990-2010 Paul L. Robertson Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the American Popular Culture Commons, Appalachian Studies Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, and the Other Film and Media Studies Commons © Paul L. Robertson Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5854 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Robertson i © Paul L. Robertson 2019 All Rights Reserved. Robertson ii The Mountains at the End of the World: Subcultural Appropriations of Appalachia and the Hillbilly Image, 1990-2010 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. By Paul Lester Robertson Bachelor of Arts in English, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2000 Master of Arts in Appalachian Studies, Appalachian State University, 2004 Master of Arts in English, Appalachian State University, 2010 Director: David Golumbia Associate Professor, Department of English Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia May 2019 Robertson iii Acknowledgement The author wishes to thank his loving wife A. Simms Toomey for her unwavering support, patience, and wisdom throughout this process. I would also like to thank the members of my committee: Dr. David Golumbia, Dr. -
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2003 Annual Report
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports for March 2003 Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2003 Annual Report Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/wolfrecovery Part of the Environmental Health and Protection Commons "Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2003 Annual Report" (2003). Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports. 5. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/wolfrecovery/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2003 Annual Report A cooperative effort by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nez Perce Tribe, National Park Service, and USDA Wildlife Services. T. Meier, editor. NPS photo by D. Smith This cooperative annual report presents information on the status, distribution and management of the recovering Rocky Mountain wolf population from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2003. It is also available at http://westerngraywolf.fws.gov/annualreports.htm This report may be copied and distributed as needed. Suggested citation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nez Perce Tribe, National Park Service, and USDA Wildlife Services. 2004. Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2003 Annual Report. T. Meier, -
Spencer Brisson Bagley Gómez Carlos Reber Crossley
RATED CROSSLEY REBER CARLOS GÓMEZ BAGLEY BRISSON SPENCER 0 0 3 1 1 $4.99 US T+ 3 7 5 9 6 0 6 2 0 1 3 3 4 BONUS DIGITAL EDITION – DETAILS INSIDE! Years ago, as a high school student, PETER PARKER was bitten by a radioactive spider and gained the proportional speed, strength, and agility of a SPIDER, adhesive fingertips and toes, and the unique precognitive awareness of danger called “SPIDER-SENSE”! After the tragic death of his Uncle Ben, Peter understood that with great power there must also come great responsibility. He became the crimefighting super hero called the Amazing Spider-Man! PART THREE Things have never been worse for Spider-Man as five different teams of villains are after him! There’s Doc Ock’s SINISTER SIX, Beetle’s SINISTER SYNDICATE, Foreigner’s WILD PACK, Vulture’s SAVAGE SIX, and Boomerang and the SUPERIOR FOES OF SPIDER-MAN! It’s all happening at mysterious villain Kindred’s graveyard, where he plans to punish Spider-Man for perceived sins. Spidey stands alone against thirty villains. NICK SPENCER BRIAN REBER with ANDREW CROSSLEY | colorists VC’S JOE CARAMAGNA | letterer and ED BRISSON BRYAN HITCH ALEX SINCLAIR | cover artists writers and MARK BAGLEY, JOHN DELL, and BRIAN REBER [Connecting Variant]; MARK BAGLEY, CARLOS GÓMEZ, DAVID BALDEÓN and ISRAEL SILVA; CARLOS GÓMEZ and MORRY HOLLOWELL; and ZÉ CARLOS JEFFREY VEREGGE | variant cover artists pencilers ANTHONY GAMBINO | designer LINDSEY COHICK | assistant editor NICK LOWE | editor C.B. CEBULSKI | editor in chief ANDREW HENNESSY, ANDY OWENS, SPIDER-MAN created by STAN LEE and STEVE DITKO JOHN DELL, CARLOS GÓMEZ, and ZÉ CARLOS inkers SINISTER WAR No. -
(“Spider-Man”) Cr
PRIVILEGED ATTORNEY-CLIENT COMMUNICATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED LICENSE AGREEMENT (“SPIDER-MAN”) CREATIVE ISSUES This memo summarizes certain terms of the Second Amended and Restated License Agreement (“Spider-Man”) between SPE and Marvel, effective September 15, 2011 (the “Agreement”). 1. CHARACTERS AND OTHER CREATIVE ELEMENTS: a. Exclusive to SPE: . The “Spider-Man” character, “Peter Parker” and essentially all existing and future alternate versions, iterations, and alter egos of the “Spider- Man” character. All fictional characters, places structures, businesses, groups, or other entities or elements (collectively, “Creative Elements”) that are listed on the attached Schedule 6. All existing (as of 9/15/11) characters and other Creative Elements that are “Primarily Associated With” Spider-Man but were “Inadvertently Omitted” from Schedule 6. The Agreement contains detailed definitions of these terms, but they basically conform to common-sense meanings. If SPE and Marvel cannot agree as to whether a character or other creative element is Primarily Associated With Spider-Man and/or were Inadvertently Omitted, the matter will be determined by expedited arbitration. All newly created (after 9/15/11) characters and other Creative Elements that first appear in a work that is titled or branded with “Spider-Man” or in which “Spider-Man” is the main protagonist (but not including any team- up work featuring both Spider-Man and another major Marvel character that isn’t part of the Spider-Man Property). The origin story, secret identities, alter egos, powers, costumes, equipment, and other elements of, or associated with, Spider-Man and the other Creative Elements covered above. The story lines of individual Marvel comic books and other works in which Spider-Man or other characters granted to SPE appear, subject to Marvel confirming ownership. -
Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 2009
YELLOWSTONE WOLFPROJECT ANNUAL REPORT 2009 Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Report 2009 Douglas Smith, Daniel Stahler, Erin Albers, Richard McIntyre, Matthew Metz, Kira Cassidy, Joshua Irving, Rebecca Raymond, Hilary Zaranek, Colby Anton, Nate Bowersock National Park Service Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-2010-06 Suggested citation: Smith, D.W., D.R. Stahler, E. Albers, R. McIntyre, M. Metz, K. Cassidy, J. Irving, R. Raymond, H. Zaranek, C. Anton, N. Bowersock. 2010. Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 2009. National Park Ser- vice, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, YCR-2010-06. Wolf logo on cover and title page: Original illustration of wolf pup #47, born to #27, of the Nez Perce pack in 1996, by Melissa Saunders. Treatment and design by Renée Evanoff. All photos not otherwise marked are NPS photos. ii TABLE OF CON T EN T S Background .............................................................iv Wolf –Prey Relationships ......................................11 2009 Summary .........................................................v Composition of Wolf Kills ...................................11 Territory Map ..........................................................vi Winter Studies.....................................................12 The Yellowstone Wolf Population .............................1 Summer Predation ...............................................13 Population and Territory Status .............................1 Population Genetics ............................................14 -
Thesis Winter Ecology of Bighorn Sheep In
THESIS WINTER ECOLOGY OF BIGHORN SHEEP IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Submitted by John L. 01demeyer In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University December 1966 COLORADO STATE m~IVERSI1Y December 1966 WE HEREBY RECOl-lEEND 'lRAT lliE 'IHESIS PREPARED UNDER OUR SUPERVISION BY J onn L. 01demeyer ENTITLED tt'v-linter ecolo&;,( of bighorn sheep in yellowstone National ParkU BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING nus PART OF 'mE ~UIIill"LENTS FOR THE DillREE OF EASTER OF SCI~CE. CO:TJli ttee on Graduate Work --- - Examination Satisfacto~ Pennission to publish this thesis or any part of it must be obtained from the Dean of the Graduate School. PJL,ORADO STATE UN !VEKS ITY LI BRARIES i ABSTRACT WIN TER ECOLOOY OF ID:GHORN SHEEP IN YELLOVlS'IDHE NA TI ONAL PARK A bighorn sheep study was conducted on the northern winter range of yellowstone National Park, TNY01~inE from JIDle 1965 to June 1966. The objectives of the study were to census the bighorn population, map the winter bighorn distribution, detennine plant conposition and utilization on irnportant bighorn winter ranees, observe daily feedine habits, and assess the effect of competition on bighorn sheep. ~o hundred twen~ nine bighorn sheep wintered on the northern winter range. These herds were located on Nt. Everts, along the Yellowstone River, on Specimen Ridge, and along Soda Butte Creek. The ewe to ram ratio was 100: 78, the ewe to lamb ra tic waS 100: 47, and the ewe to yearling ratio was 100: 20. Range analysis was done on HacHinn Bench, Specimen Ridge, and Druid Peak. -
Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Report 2004
Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Report 2004 Douglas W. Smith, Daniel R. Stahler, and Debra S. Guernsey National Park Service Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-2005-02 Suggested citation: Smith, D.W., D.R. Stahler, and D.S. Guernsey. 2005. Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 2004. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wy o ming, YCR-2005-02. Wolf logo on cover and title page: Original illustration of wolf pup #47, born to #27, of the Nez Perce pack in 1996, by Melissa Saunders. Treatment and design by Renée Evanoff. All photos not otherwise marked are NPS photos by Douglas Smith and Daniel R. Stahler. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Background .............................................................iv Gibbon Meadows Pack ........................................10 2004 Summary .........................................................v Bechler Pack ........................................................11 Territory Map ..........................................................vi Wolf Capture and Collaring ...................................11 The Yellowstone Wolf Pop u la tion .............................1 Wolf Predation ........................................................11 Population and Territory Status .............................1 Wolf –Prey Relationships ......................................11 Reproduction ........................................................3 Composition of Wolf Kills ...................................12 Mortalities .............................................................3 -
Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 1997
Suggested citation: Smith, D.W. 1998. Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 1997. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, YCR-NR- 98-2. Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Report 1997 Douglas W. Smith National Park Service Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-NR-98-2 BACKGROUND Although wolf packs once roamed from the Arctic tundra to Mexico, they were regarded as danger- ous predators, and gradual loss of habitat and deliberate extermination programs led to their demise throughout most of the United States. By 1926 when the National Park Service (NPS) ended its predator control efforts, Yellowstone had no wolf packs left. In the decades that followed, the importance of the wolf as part of a naturally functioning ecosystem came to be better understood, and the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was eventually listed as an endangered species in all of its traditional range except Alaska. NPS policy calls for restoring native species that have been eliminated as a result of human activity if adequate habitat exists to support them and the species can be managed so as not to pose a serious threat to people or property outside the park. Because of its size and the abundant prey that existed here, Yellowstone was an obvious choice as a place where wolf restoration would have a good chance of succeeding. The designated recovery area includes the entire Greater Yellowstone Area. The goal of the wolf restoration program is to maintain at least 10 breeding wolf pairs in Greater Yellowstone as it is for the other two recovery areas in central Idaho and northwestern Montana. -
Yellowstone Center for Resources
YELLOWSTONE CENTER FOR RESOURCES SPATIAL A naly sis es rc u o s RESOUR e CE R N L A T A U R R U A T L L U R e C s o u r r c c e s I nfo rmation R ES EA RCH Support ANNUAL2001 REPORT YELLOWSTONE CENTER FOR RESOURCES 2001 ANNUAL REPORT Hand-painted Limoges bowl, Lower Falls of the Yellowstone, ca. 1910. Part of the Davis Collection acquired in 2001. Yellowstone Center for Resources National Park Service Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR–AR–2001 2002 In memory of Donay Hanson 1960–2001 Suggested Citation: Yellowstone Center for Resources. 2002. Yellowstone Center for Resources Annual Report, 2001. National Park Service, Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyoming, YCR–AR–2001. Photographs not otherwise marked are courtesy of the National Park Service. Front cover: clockwise from top right, Beatrice Miles of the Nez Perce Tribe; Yellowstone cutthroat trout; Golden Gate Bridge by W. Ingersoll, circa 1880s, from the Susan and Jack Davis Collection; low northern sedge (Carex concinna) by Jennifer Whipple; and center, Canada lynx. Back cover: mountain chickadee. ii Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................ iv Part I. Resource Highlights ............................................................................... 1 Part II. Cultural Resource Programs ............................................................... 7 Archeology ...................................................................................................... 8 Ethnography ................................................................................................. -
YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK R N C Hard-Sided Camping Units Only C E Perc an Ez Pelic N See Detail Map Above PE L LICAN
Services and Facilities Mammoth Hot Springs Old Faithful Canyon Village West Thumb Fishing Bridge, Lake Village 6239ft 1902m 7365ft 2254m 7734ft 2357m and Grant Village 7733ft 2357m and Bridge Bay 7784ft 2373m 0 0.1 0.5 Km To Gardiner To Madison To Tower-Roosevelt To Lake Village 0 0.5 Km To Canyon Emergencies Check the park news- Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel Grand Geyser Amphitheater For medical or other emer- paper for seasonal dates Fi Duck 0 0.1 Mi 0.5 Post Amphitheater re To Norris 0 0.5 Mi h gencies contact a ranger or of services and facilities. Office o Lake Fishing Bridge le West Thumb Ice Visitor Education call 307-344-7381 or 911. Geyser Amphitheater Hill West Thumb Castle Center Showers-Laundry Ranger station To Geyser Basin Geyser Ri Old Ice Upper Terrace Drive: Park ve Canyon Lodge Medical clinic r Faithful Visitor Headquarters no buses, RVs, or trailers; y Information Station Campground a closed in winter Center To East HISTORIC w Bookstore - Showers Entrance Winter road closures FORT e n Laundry YELLOWSTONE o YELLOWSTONE From early November to Lodging Lake Village Post early May most park roads LOWER Office Lake Lodge UPPER TERRACES Chapel Old Faithful Inn Old Faithful LAKE are closed. The exception Food service TERRACES AREA Geyser Lower Falls is the road in the park AREA Old 308ft Upper Lookout between the North one-way Faithful Falls 94m Fishing Bridge Picnic area To Point Amphitheater North Lodge View Grand Recreational Vehicle Park Entrance and Cooke City. Inspiration hard-sided camping units only Entrance Post Office View Point It is open all year. -
Factors Affecting Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) Encounter Rate with Elk (Cervus Elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park H.W
1032 ARTICLE Factors affecting gray wolf (Canis lupus) encounter rate with elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park H.W. Martin, L.D. Mech, J. Fieberg, M.C. Metz, D.R. MacNulty, D.R. Stahler, and D.W. Smith Abstract: Despite encounter rates being a key component of kill rate, few studies of large carnivore predation have quantified encounter rates with prey, the factors that influence them, and the relationship between encounter rate and kill rate. The study’s primary motivation was to determine the relationship between prey density and encounter rate in understanding the mecha- nism behind the functional response. Elk (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) population decline and variable weather in northern Yellowstone National Park provided an opportunity to examine how these factors influenced wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) encounter rates with elk. We explored how factors associated with wolf kill rate and encounter rate in other systems (season, elk density, elk group density, average elk group size, snow depth, wolf pack size, and territory size) influenced wolf–elk encounter rate in Yellowstone National Park. Elk density was the only factor significantly correlated with wolf–elk encounter rate, and we found a nonlinear density-dependent relationship that may be a mechanism for a functional response in this system. Encounter rate was correlated with number of elk killed during early winter but not late winter. Weak effects of snow depth and elk group size on encounter rate suggest that these factors influence kill rate via hunting success because kill rate is the product of hunting success and encounter rate. Key words: wolf, Canis lupus, elk, Cervus elaphus, encounter rate, Yellowstone, functional response.