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Design of a Tree Pruning Device

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Design of a Tree Pruning Device CAPSTONE DESIGN COURSE Design of a Tree Pruning Device Design Team Garth Baker, Pete Colantonio, Dmitry Layevsky Ryan Provencher, Ryan Rafter Design Advisor Professor Greg Kowalski Course Instructor Professor Greg Kowalski Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering Northeastern University Boston, MA 02115 Design of a Tree Pruning Device Design Team Garth Baker, Pete Colantonio Dmirty Layevsky, Ryan Provencher, Ryan Rafter Design Advisor Prof. Greg Kowalski Abstract The initial specifications of this design project were to design a pruning device that could cut through a three-inch diameter branch that is twenty-five feet above the ground in a reasonable amount of time using a waterjet-cutting device. Additional requirements include that the device have a competitive cost and be safe and easy to use. The team determined that the use of waterjet cutting technology was an infeasible design concept to meet these requirements, because it would take almost two hours to cut through a three­ inch branch using a pressure washer capable of 3500 psi. To cut a three-inch diameter branch in a reasonable time would require a pressure above 30,000 psi. A shearing device that would be powered by a hydraulic piston was selected as a better and more feasible alternative design solution. The shearing device we designed has hardened steel blades from a Corona® clipper product, and utilizes a hydraulic piston attached to a 29-foot telescoping pole, which is mounted to a tripod .. A telescoping pole, made of Thorne!® carbon fiber and reaching twenty-five feet, is required to meet the second design requirement. The pole needs to extend up to a minimum height of twenty-five feet above the ground while having the capability of comfortably reaching lengths below twenty-five feet. Static analyses were performed and a design methodology was developed for the pole. The analysis of a 29.167- foot telescoping pole with a variable wall thickness and base OD of 3.5 inches and a final pole ODof 2.5 inches yielded approximately a one-inch deflection. Dynamic analysis on the pole design utilizing a spring-mass equivalent system was performed. The effects of swinging the pole and pole oscillations were determined. The best configuration for the pole design is a telescoping pole made with external locking devices between each segment. Due to the weight of the assembly of the device and pole, the pole is mounted to a plain spherical bearing that is press fit into a tripod. This alleviates the operator from holding and maneuvering of the device. This allows for easier use, while designed to prevent tipping and to allow for twelve-feet of lateral movement of the pruning device. The Need for the Project Provide a tree-pruning device to Tree pruning can be an expensive and dangerous task, for the homeowner prune three-inch diameter and professionals alike. A state of the art tree-pruning device is needed to branches located 25 feet above provide homeowners and professionals with a safe and cost effective way to the ground. prune tree branches that have diameters of three-inches and are located 25 feet above the ground. The Design Project Objectives Our design will provide the The device will provide the operator with a safe means of pruning tree operator with a safe. cost branches. Previous methods put the operator near the cut, on top of ladders; effective and ergonomic device our device will allow the operator to remain on the ground while pruning any to aid in pruning trees. branch as high as 25 feet above the ground. The device will be easy to operate; eliminating any motion needed to cut the tree branch, i.e. the pole saw. This reduction of this motion will reduce additional stress on the operator. The device will also be cost effective. The competitive cost of the device will benefit homeowners and lower end professionals alike. The Design Requirements Allows the operator to remain on The requirements for the device are to cut tree branches that are up to the ground, while cutting three­ three-inches in diameter at a height of 25ft above the ground. The device inch diameter branches that are avoids any use of vibrating or reciprocating device. The device is 25 feet above of the ground. ergonomically designed so it is easy to maneuver and use. Design Concepts Considered We developed two conceptual The use of waterjet technology for pruning trees does not exist on the designs, waterjet and shearing market today. The two concepts for the use of a water jet were a single and a device. Each conceptual design double head nozzle. Both the single and double head nozzle would be had two design concepts. A pole mounted to the branch and a high-pressure flow of water would perform the was required to reach the cut. The double head nozzle would reduce the cutting time by cutting the required height of 25 feet for branch from two sides. The dual head nozzle would also reduce forces on the each concept. pole and operator by spraying in opposite directions. The team performed analytical analysis of what it takes to cut through a three-inch diameter branch using a waterjet. It was determined that due to the high pressure of 30,000 psi required and safety to the operator, it was not feasible to manufacture a waterjet device to prune trees. The cost of creating a pressure this large to perform the cut exceeded the project budget. In addition to the high pressure required there was an issue of reentering the line of cut with a 1-mm diameter nozzle at 25ft above the ground. The shearing concept proved to The second conceptual idea for pruning three in diameter branches was to be the more efficient design use shears. The two concepts that utilized the shearing method were a concept. pneumatic and hydraulic driven piston. The weight limit for the shearing device eliminated the use of a pneumatic driven piston, therefore our shearing device component will utilize a hydraulic driven piston. A telescoping extension pole The ability to cut branches 2:5 feet above the ground introduces the design provides a solution to the height of the pole. The concepts that were considered to situate the pruning device at requirement the required height of 25 feet were a basic pole, a segmented extension pole, and a telescoping extension pole. The telescoping extension pole best suited the need to reach the required 25 feet. The use of the telescoping pole also makes the device more marketable by having the ability to operate at heights between 5 and 25feet. The design of an ergonomic The last sub-assembly designed is an ergonomic tripod. The use of the tripod reduces the force needed tripod removes the weight of the device and pole from the operators hands. It to operate the device. also reduces the force required to maneuver the pole and device. Recommended Design Concept The design of our tree­ Design Description pruning device utilizes a The design that the team proposed to Professor Kowalski, our advisor, hydraulic driven piston that has was a shearing device powered by a hydraulic driven piston, with a hand the pressure supplied by a hand pump located on the ground that will supply the pressure needed to activate pump and that will drive a bypass the piston. The assembly is then attached to the end of a telescoping style steel blade from a extension pole. Due to the weight of the entire device, the pole will be purchased pruning device. The mounted to a tripod. device will be located at the end The blades in the device were removed from a purchased pair of Corona® of a 29-foot telescoping pole, pruners. They are pinned to a square aluminum sleeve with a custom which is mounted to a tripod. designed nut and bolt. The sleeve has an ID of two inches and is 36 inches long to enclose most of the shearing mechanism. The blade arms are then press fit and screwed into extension arms, the purple components in Figure 1. Pinned to the end of the extension arms are hinges, which are pinned to the rod clevis of the hydraulic piston. All of the working arms and extension arms are designed to withstand the required closing force on the blades during the cut, with a factor of safety of three. The piston shaft has a 12 inch stroke length. One end of the hydraulic piston is pinned to the sleeve, allowing room at the end of the sleeve to attach the pole. The hydraulic piston is then attached to a hydraulic hand pump in a closed loop hydraulic circuit. It takes approximately seven pumps on the hand pump to complete a cut on a three­ inch diameter tree branch. The pressure hose that connects the pump and the piston is then routed down the length of the telescoping extension pole. The aluminum sleeve is then fastened to the telescoping extension pole. The telescoping pole is 29 feet in length with external locking collets for ease of use. Located at 3.5 feet from the base of the pole is the tripod. The tripod consists of a plain spherical bearing press fit into a base plate, which has a triangular shape, with 5 feet extension legs. The spherical plain bearing allows for the positioning of the device, 12 degrees of lateral motion and 360 degrees of rotational freedom. The 12 degrees of freedom gives a 12 feet range of motion to the shearing device at the end of the pole, allowing for 6 foot radius from the tripod center.
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