5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/0907:04 Page 1

The Leverhulme Trust Established under the Will of the First Viscount Leverhulme

Report of the Leverhulme Trustees 2008

1Pemberton Row London EC4A 3BG

www.leverhulme.ac.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 7042 9888 Fax: +44 (0)20 7042 9889

Registered charity no: 288371 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:04 Page 2 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/0907:05 Page 3

The Leverhulme Trust in 2008

Trustees Sir Michael Perry GBE HonDSc HonLLD FRSA CBIM (Chairman) Sir Michael Angus DL HonDSc HonLLD CBIM Mr NWAFitzGerald KBE FRSA Mr PJ-P Cescau Dr ASGanguly CBE

Associate Mr ACButler Sir Iain Anderson CBE

Director Professor Sir Richard Brook OBE ScD FREng

Sir Michael Perry

Sir Michael Angus Mr NWAFitzGerald Mr PJ-P Cescau

Dr ASGanguly Sir Iain Anderson Mr ACButler

3

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The Leverhulme Trust in 2008

Contents

1Chairman’sForeword 7

2Director’s Foreword 9

3Report of the Year 10

4Report of the ResearchAwards Advisory Committee 16

5Report of the Trustees 17

6Independent Auditor’sReport to the Trustees of The Leverhulme Trust 20

7Financial Statements2008 21

8Awards in Focus 29 ArtistinResidence – Chila Kumari Burman

Research ProjectGrant – Timothy Birkhead

Early Career Fellowship – Aris Karastergiou

Major Research Fellowship – Brian Cummings

Emeritus Fellowship – Tony Wrigley

Research Fellowship – Becky Conekin

Study Abroad Studentship – Louis Phipps

Training and Professional Development – Anita Crowe

Philip Leverhulme Prize – William Hughes

International Network – John Dupré

International Award – Mandela Rhodes Scholarships

9Awards made in 2008 43 Directawards agreed by the Trustees in 2008 44 Research Programme Grants International Awards Research Project Grants International Networks Major Research Fellowships Training and Professional Development Artists in Residence Technology Transfer Prizes Visiting Fellowships Visiting Professorships Philip Leverhulme Prizes 57 RAAC Awards to Individuals 58 Research Fellowships Study Abroad Fellowships Study Abroad Studentships Emeritus Fellowships Early Career Fellowships

10 Leverhulme Trust staff 68

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The Leverhulme Trust in 2008

Chairman’s Foreword

When Itook on the Chairmanship of the Leverhulme Trustees at the beginning of 2008, Iwas well aware that my predecessor –the redoubtable Sir Michael Angus – would be ahard act to follow.The part he played in shaping both the character of the Trust and its portfolio of awards has been profound,and the decisions taken under his leadership resonate throughout academe.His readiness to be alert to the needs of the research community,coupled with awillingness to take on yet more innovative and ambitious ventures continue to be key considerations. With this in mind, the Trustees have been delighted during the year to support anumber of truly big initiatives on themes of global concern.

The first of these was The Leverhulme Climate Symposium, organised by the University of Cambridge; this event brought together delegates from across the world in both Cambridge and London. Ahigh profile affair,the Symposium provided an opportunity not only to afford valuable opportunities for top-flight scientists to work together on an issue of crucial importance, but also to engage with the public at its concluding day held at the Royal Society.The Trustees have long been seeking ways in which to provide more scholarships in countries outside the UK, thus ensuring that the benefits of the Founder’s wealth can be enjoyed internationally.Accordingly,two further large- scale initiatives this year took the form of very substantial grants made for African projects, the first being to The Mandela Rhodes Foundation to support Scholars from across Africa to build on their leadership skills; the second, in collaborationwith the Royal Society,aims to help African researchers to develop collaborations in Ghana, Tanzania and the UK which will enhance the well-being of their communities.

The third in the series of Trust-supportedevening events organised by the three non- medical UK academies was this year hosted by the Royal Society,and colleagues gave interestingpresentations on the theme of Transferring knowledge: from producer to user.

Alongside such awards, of course, the Trust also continued to make numerous grants to support first-rate research projects and fellowshipsthroughout the UK, as well as the training of young people learning their craft in the fine and performing arts. Surveying the physical condition of medieval East Anglian rood screens and consideringthe sustainability of the Pantanal in South America will be keeping two of our grant-holders fully occupied, while the trainee puppeteers at Green Ginger’s Toast in the Machine programme of professional development are no doubt hard at work taking their art form to even greater heights. Our various Fellowships are also flourishing; this year successful Fellows are looking at the poet as lawgiver in 19th Century French literature and investigating Kant’s philosophy of cosmopolitanism, as well as killing super algebras in string theory.Four Programme Awards were awarded during 2008 on subjects as diverse as the liberal way of war and craft traditions in the ancient Mediterranean. The topics chosen by our highly talented applicants continue to keep us on our toes.

In closing, Imust express the Trust’s indebtedness to all the peer reviewerswho provide us with such expert guidance; their contribution is invaluable in leading the Trustees to make the right decision about the proposals put before them. My sincere thanks also go to each of the staff at PembertonRow whose hard work, dedication to and understandingofthe spirit of the Trust remain so crucial. Finally,Iwould like to record my gratitude for the collaboration, wisdom and guidance so congenially offeredbymyfellow Trustees throughout 2008, and Ilook forward with enthusiasm to working with them in the coming years.

Sir Michael Perry July 2009

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The Leverhulme Trust in 2008

Director’s Foreword

If those who conduct research and those who fund research agree about anything, it is the central place of originality within the accepted criteria for the assessment of proposed work. But originality,much as is the case for the term interdisciplinarity, proves itself to be aslippery concept. Years of questioning audiences in the search for the model single-discipline researcher have failed to find one (or at least one willing to admit to the appellation). The search for the research colleague happy to acknowledge freedom from originality would, one suspects, be equally unforthcoming.

Since the character of this crucial attributeremains elusive, progress can perhaps be made by exploring the sources of originality or,inits more active guise, of creativity. While much has been said on the theme, apossible approach is to recognise three contributing factors. Twoofthese are generally acknowledged. There is first aneed for determined attention or,more simply,hard work, as intensive study is devoted to the task at hand. Kepler’s observations of Mars or Darwin’s scrutiny of molluscs form the role models. The second is the benefit of good fortune or,inthe parlance of researchers, of serendipity.The discoveries of X-rays or of penicillin are examples; but, since ‘chance only favours the prepared mind’, the former without the latter offers little promise of progress.

The third factor,namely,that of personal devotion or commitment to the task, is more elusive. Familiar in the arts world as the total concentration on performance, a concentration which can leave all other interests aside, this factor arises also in research as the determined ambition of the individual to focus on aproblem, to resolve it, and thus to confirm ahypothesis. The crucial aspect here is that such personal identification with aproblem is an attribute of the individual. It is less readily recognised as agroup trait.

Where does this lead? Simply to the conclusion that, somewhere in the research support system, there must be concern for the encouragement of the individual. It is of course true that large scale problems often require large teams; indeed, much of the research support system is designed to satisfy their needs. But such teams will be the less effective if they cannot call upon the thinking of adetermined and distinctive personality.

The direct instruction of the First Viscount Leverhulme, namely that the Trust established in his name should give encouragement in the form of ‘scholarshipsfor purposes of research and education’ makes clear his firm belief in the individual’s ability to make the crucial difference. It is abelief reflectedinhis admiration for Samuel Smiles’ ‘Self Help’ and in the many addresses given to young audiences during his lifetime.

The Leverhulme Trustees continue to honour this belief. The work of the Trust across its many schemes ranges, in the research context, from the support of students undertaking research missions abroad to that of established scholars bringing their research careers to culmination; in the educational context, it covers aremarkably rich variety of aspirations for excellence in arts performance. The common factor remains that of confidenceinthe contribution of the individual as the essential ingredientwhere there is to be meaningful progress.

The sustenance of this viewpoint is very much aresult of the direct involvementof the Trustees in the shaping of the Trust’s work. It is therefore aparticular pleasure to give recognitiontothe contribution of Sir Michael Perry as he has assumed his role as Chairman of Trustees at the beginning of the year and to acknowledgethe part of his fellow Trustees as they have sought to ensure that the Trust can make afull and characteristic contribution to the world of education and research and to the place of the individual in ensuring that world’s prosperity.

Richard Brook July 2009

9 The LeverhulmeTrust in 2008

Report of the Year 2008 responsive awards, i.e. where the choice of topic and the research design lie entirely with the applicant. The lesser fraction is that of the annual Programme Awards, where the I. INTRODUCTION research community is invited to send forward proposals in response to two themes selected by the Trustees. Most awards The following paragraphsprovide first areview of the in the first category are for less than £250,000; the operationand intent of the different schemes conducted by Programme Awards are for sums of up to £1,750,000. the Leverhulme Trust, secondly an analysis of the discipline balance and success rates associated with those schemes, and Astatistical review of the responsive awards is given later in thirdly anote on one of the Trust’s schemes, namely,that of this section in terms both of the disciplinary range of the the Programme Awards, where there is now the opportunity to proposals put to the Trustees and in terms of the success review something of their character. rates enjoyed by these proposals. The awards themselves are listed in alater section of the report. As in earlier years, the range of topic and the energy of the research ambition II. THE OPERATIONS OF THE TRUST reflectedinthe planned work are persuasive indicators of the distinctive qualities of the Trust’s involvement. The awarding of ‘scholarships for research and education’ as stipulated by the Founder’s Will continues to be reflectedin The number of themes proposedbythe Trustees for the the making of grants for the conduct of research and of Programme Awards in 2008 was unusual in that four topics in bursaries for educational purposes. The research awards fall place of the more traditional two were offered. These were into three main categories, namely,those for the undertaking Security and Liberty,The Management of Cultural Diversity, of specific research projects,those for the encouragement of Reality, and Networks.The response was encouraging with 32, research or study undertaken by individuals holding fellowships 41, 15, and 41 bids being received for the four themes or studentships, and those for the recognition of individual respectively.The Trustees were appreciative of the peer review research achievement by way of prizes.The bursaries are advice which formed such an important part of the selection predominantly for students in the fine and performing arts process; they were also alert to the care shown by applicants although there is also asmall contribution to staff costs in what was recognisedtobeademanding competition. associated with innovative educational approaches in these Encouraged by the ability of such Programme Awards to bring disciplines.The following paragraphs outline the progress genuine progress in the study of significant themes but made within the different activities during the year.The recognising also the benefit to be drawn from ahigh profile for ‘Awards in Focus’ section of the report provides examples of each theme, the Trustees returned to the pattern of two topics the types of award, indicating something of the style and for the next round of the competition (Tipping Points; Stress character of the work that can be undertaken. The overall and Compromise). level of activity is shown below: Fellowships 2006 2007 2008 The majority of Fellowships are awarded by the RAAC and Total Expenditure £44.3M £43.1M £47.9M informationonthe year’s operations is accordingly given in the section of the report covering that Committee’s activity. Direct Awards Statistical summaries of the fellowship schemes are also given Number of Outline Applications 752 760 938 later in this section. Number of Research Project One fellowship scheme within the direct care of the Trustees is grants awarded 172 140 154 that of the Major Research Fellowships in the Humanities and Financial commitment £34.0M £36.1M £40.6M Social Sciences. These awards provide typically two or three years of teaching replacement so that the award holders can RAAC conduct apiece of intensive and concentrated research around Number of applications 1251 1216 1359 atheme of their own choosing. The opportunity provided for Number of grants awarded 231 221 219 research initiative by such awards has been widely appreciated by applicants and the competition is notable for its scale, its Financial commitment £6.0M £6.4M £7.9M quality,and most strikingly for its demonstration of original and creative thinking across arich array of subject areas. Up It will be seen that the allocations are made by two paths, to thirty awards may be made each year and in 2008, 29 highly namely,first by direct decision of the Trustees at their three promising fellowships were awarded in response to the 213 meetings held during the year and secondly by the work of the applications received. Research Awards Advisory Committee (RAAC) acting on behalf of the Trustees. As can be seen, the volume of activity of the Networking Trust in terms of expenditureduring the year has risen. This is, however,inthe context of arising level of demand, so that no The International Networks allow research scholars in different striking change in percentage success rates has resulted. locations to work together by providing travel funds and support for workshops and some research assistance. The scheme is valued by applicants as providing support for activities which Projects can be of the greatest value in advancing scholarship but which Grants for research projects are made within two major are difficult to promote within the format of project awards; categories, much the greater fraction being in the form of there has at the same time been concern on the part of the

10 The Leverhulme Trust in 2008

Trustees that the participatinginstitutions should all be the one concerned with past climate change by way of core capable of bringing specific skills and experience to the selected drilling and the one concerned with future climate change by research theme, for example, of geographical, linguistic or way of modelling. The conference, held in March 2008, was cultural familiarity.There is determination to ensure that the divided into initial technical sessions at the University of scheme be used less as aplatform for the discussion of Cambridge followed by amore public presentation and research and more for research itself. discussion of the outcomes at the Royal Society in London.

The Visiting Professorships enable visits to be made to the UK by international scholars whose standing is such as to suggest International Awards their ability to strengthen the work of the host UK groups. 35 Asubstantial change in the expenditure pattern of the Trust awards were made during the year in response to the 93 during 2008 has been associated with two major grants, nominations. namely,that of £2.5M to the Mandela Rhodes Foundation for the eventual endowment of ten Scholarships(to be held by Ascheme with analogous ambitions, namely,the building of young Africans selected on the basis of their potential for the cultural links, but where the distance between the disciplines assumption of leadership roles) and that of £3.5M to the Royal is more dramatic, is that of Artists in Residence.The Trustees Society for the promotionofresearch collaborationbetween have, in making 16 awards in response to the 29 applications scientists in Ghana and Tanzania and those in the UK. The received during the year,emphasised their view that agenuine grants have been seen as an important element in ensuring mix of contrasting disciplines or traditions between the artist that the portfolio of work supported by the Trust can more and the receiving institution is crucial to the success of a generously reflect the contribution made to the endowment of placement.The independence of the artist, i.e. the freedom to the Trust by lands beyond the UK. More informationonthe follow apersonal vision rather than simply to provide artistic first of these awards is given in the Awards in Focus section. services to the institution, is seen to be an essential element in the collaboration. III. BALANCE OF ACTIVITY Prizes a) Types of activity The Philip Leverhulme Prizes seek to recognise younger research colleagues (typically less than 36 years of age) whose research The Trustees undertake astrategic review of the work of the contribution has already led to their recognition at the Trust on an annual basis. The review has consideredthe international level. In the eighth round of the scheme, 129 Trust’s 2008 portfolio of core activity to be divided into the nominations were received which resulted in 27 awards across following categories: five disciplines. The listing given in the later section of the report provides evidence for the value of such awards not only Research Projects for the individuals concerned (each prize-winner receives Research Programmes £70,000) but also for the appreciation accorded to their Major Research Fellowships disciplines. The growing familiarity of the academic world with Visiting Professorships this set of prizes is bringing increasing recognition to the Education Grants stature of the awardees. Artists in Residence Philip Leverhulme Prizes Education RAAC Awards International Awards The Trust has continued to make direct awards to colleges and academies for the support of students normally undertaking In the absence of any redirection resulting from the graduate level professional training in the fine and performing deliberations of the Trustees at the strategy review,the arts. There is no doubt that the contribution of the Trust to the expectationisthat in astandard year some £50M of resource flexible and sensitive provision of such training is deeply is to be allocated to these schemes. appreciated. The year saw consolidationofthe rolling award scheme introduced in 2007 whereby there should be a The RAAC Awards, involving some £8M of these resources, presumptionofcontinuation for the bursary allocation to a comprise the following activities: particular institution in response to an annual report confirmingthe sustained vitality of the training provided. The Research Fellowships diversificationofthe types of activity supported, namely,inthe Study Abroad Studentships form of Mentoring to allow senior students to act as guides for Study Abroad Fellowships their younger colleagues, and Professional Development to Early Career Fellowships support graduates in the initial stage of their professional career, Emeritus Fellowships was maintained; there was, however,anincreased questioning of the second of these as representing an unintended The extent to which the various schemes are taken up is of broadening of the Trust’s mission in providing ‘scholarships’. course dependent upon the volume and quality of applications. These continue to confirm the vigour and health of the communitiesseeking support for research and Symposium education. The proportion of the commitmentoffunds to the The year saw the holding of the second Leverhulme Symposium; different schemes in 2008 is indicated in Figure 1. (The costs with Climate Change as its subject, the meeting sought to of Artists in Residence,atless than 0.5% of the total are not bring together two disparate research communities, namely, separately shown.)

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Figure 1 Figure 2

Distribution of funds in 2008 Portfolio of direct awards made in 2008 4% 4% 8% 9% 4% 16% 8%

12% 6%

34% 8%

21% 7% 45% 4% 10%

RAAC Awards International Awards Applied sciences (incl. Humanities architecture) Responsive mode Visiting Fellowships and Law,politics, international projects VisitingProfessorships Basic Sciences relations

Major Research Philip Leverhulme Prizes Economics, business Social studies (incl. Fellowships studies, industrial anthropology,geography, relations social) ResearchProgrammes Arts Bursaries Fine and performing arts Other/unspecified (incl. Artists in Residence)

It can be seen that the traditional pattern whereby some 50% Figure 3shows the evolution of support across the major of the resources are deployed following the direct decisions of subject areas: all science (basic sciences and applied the Trustees at their three annual meetings (Research Projects sciences); all humanities;and all social sciences (business and Programmes) has been maintained. The set of special and economics, government and law,social sciences and initiatives and the set of awards made by delegated authority, education).The figure shows adistribution holding to a either through the decisions of the Research Awards Advisory longstanding pattern of moderate fluctuation but with the Committee or as aconsequence of recommendations made to number of awards in the natural sciences being slightly the Trustees by special advisory panels, e.g. for the Major above that of those in the humanities;there is continued Research Fellowships or for the Philip Leverhulme Prizes, modesty in the fraction of the Trust’s activity devoted to account for the other 50%. the social sciences. Insofar as the Trust operatesinthe responsive mode, the distribution is, to afirst order,a b) Balance between disciplines: projects reflectionofthe behaviour of the respective applicant communities. It is amajor aspect of the Trust that the process adopted for the considerationofanapplication is unaffectedbythe c) Success rates nature of the discipline(s) touched upon in the proposal. The selection of peer reviewersis, of course, determinedbythe The success rates for responsive grants within any given nature of the subject, the eventual decision to support or not year are difficult to present simply because of the nature of to support being taken by aprocess which remains the same the reviewing system. Applicants initially send an outline for all themes. It is accordingly somewhat artificial to attempt application, which may be submitted at any time during the adivision between subject areas. Such adivision is, however, year.Ifthis outline application is successful, the applicant is helpful in reflectingthe range and diversity of the portfolio. invited to submit afull application for one of the three annual dates set for such submission. Depending on the applicant, As noted, the Trustees decide upon awards at their meetings there can be aconsiderable period between the invitation to held three times each year.The compositionofthe portfolio of submit afull application and the actual submission of that project grants allocated in 2008 is shown in Figure 2interms application. This procedure means that statistics presenting of the broad subject areas associated with the awards. (In this the numbers of research project grants awarded or the numbers figure, the bursaries for professional training and development of full applications received in any one year are likely to include in the arts are included within the ‘fine and performing arts’ anumber of projects for which the outline applications were category.) made in the previous year.

12 The LeverhulmeTrust in 2008

Figure 3

Evolution of portfolio of responsive grants 60

(%) 50

made 40

ards Sciences

Aw 30 Humanities of Social sciences 20

Percentage 10

0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

With this caveat in mind, we can review the success rates for d) RAAC awards those putting research project proposals to the Trust. If the success rate in the outline step for the year is multiplied by the The work of the RAAC is presentedmore fully in the section success rate in the final award step during the year,then an comprising the report of its Chairman, Professor Keith Gull; it estimate of the overallsuccess rate can be made. The is reviewed briefly here in terms of the set of factors respective percentages have become relatively stable at considered for the directly awarded grants. around 45% and 50%, leading (Figure 4) to an overall success rate in 2008 of some 20%, i.e. similar to the 2007 value. This The distribution of activity between the different forms of represents an encouraging and welcome recovery from the low support is shown in Figure 5where the predominant role (in figure of 10% encountered in 2003 when the new procedure number terms) of the Research Fellowships can be seen. A for outline bid review was first introduced. clear development in recent years, however,isthe relative

Figure 4

Success rates (%) for research project bids put to the Trust (2003 -2008)

60

50

40 Outline bid decision 30 Final bid decision Combined outcome 20

10

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

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The Leverhulme Trust in 2008

Figure 7shows finally these success rates for 2008 and for the Figure 5 two preceding years. The increased allocations made by the Trustees to the Committee in 2007 and 2008 have permitted Distribution of RAAC awards in 2008 some approach to comparability across the portfolio of schemes. The results for two of the directly awarded schemes, the Major Research Fellowships and the Philip Leverhulme Prizes, are also given in the figure to allow comparison. 30%

IV.RESEARCH PROGRAMME GRANTS 42% The one exception to the responsive mode character of the Trust, i.e. where the applicant chooses the subject of the research and the method to be used in its exploration, is that of the Programme awards. Here, the Trustees state specific themes where research bids are sought.Launched in 1995, this scheme had an initial objective in the enhancement of the fraction of the Trust’s work devoted to the social sciences. Early examples were 15% Globalisation and Labour Markets, Constitutional Change and Identity,and The Future of Trade Unions in Modern Britain. 8% 8% Alater ambition was to select topics which would not by their nature exclude any part of the academic community but which would encourage all parts of that community to consider their Research Fellowships Emeritus Fellowships specialist interests in anew light. Themes such as The Nature of Evidence or the more recent one of Tipping Points fall into Study Abroad Fellowships Early Career Fellowships that category.Inall instances, however,the character of the bids is to be seen as that of clustering aset of individual but related sub-projects within the central main theme so that new Study Abroad Studentships light can be thrown on the understanding of that theme.

The response to the calls for bids has throughout the history of the scheme been encouraging (Figure 8). growth of the number of Early Career Fellowships in which post-doctoral research workers can seek funds (50%) for their The general pattern has been to offer two topics each year, own salary in conjunction with matching funds from their though there have been occasional exceptions. The bids, once institution (Figure 6). The change has been introduced to received, are put to peer review,the associated short-listing confer amore balanced set of success rates between the leading to afinal set of five applications for each theme. different schemes. Interviews are then conducted with the finalists, each discussion

Figure 6

Distribution of RAAC awards in (2003-2008) 180 160 140 120 Research Fellowships 100 Study Abroad Fellowships Emeritus Fellowships 80 Study Abroad Studentships 60 Early Career Fellowships 40 20 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

14 The LeverhulmeTrust in 2008

Figure 7

Success rates for various awards 2006 50.0 2007 2008 40.0

(%) 30.0 rate 20.0

Success 10.0

0.0 Research Study Abroad Study Abroad Emeritus Early Career Philip Visiting Major Research Fellowships Fellowships Studentships Fellowships Fellowships Leverhulme Professorships Fellowships Prizes Award scheme involving an hour of presentation, questioning and debate. lasting change in the research landscape, both thematically One award is typically made for each topic, the grant currently and in terms of institutional structures. The centres at the being for asum up to £1.75M and for aspan of work extending UniversityofNottingham for the study of Globalisation and over five years. Economic Policy,atthe University of Aberdeen for the study of Footprints on the Edge of Thule, at the University of Sheffield There is no doubt that the combination of asignificant theme, for the study of Changing Families and Changing Food, or at of full freedom for the applicant to shape the response to that the Natural History Museum for the study of the Ancient theme, and of substantial resource to address it has made the Human OccupationofBritain all attest to the fact that the Programme concept both effective and appreciated. Many of concentrated research attention promoted by the Programme the awards have resulted in major research advance and in a format can have lasting and significant influence.

Figure 8

Popularity of Programme Topics

Stress and Compromise -2009 Tipping Points -2009 Security and Liberty -2008 Reality -2008 Networks-2008 Management of Cultural Diversity -2008 Ceremony and Ritual -2007 Natural and Ecological Wealth -2006 Media and Communication -2006 The Family -2005 Abandoning the Past -2005 Climate, Water and Civilisation -2004 Changing Beliefs of the Human Body -2004 The Nature of Evidence -2003 War, Norms and the State -2003 Movement of People in the Modern World -2002 Behaviour of Complex Systems -2002 Cognition, Learning, Education and Artifical Intelligence -2001 Social and Economic Impact of Information and Communication Technology -2001 Long-term Settlement in the Ancient World -2001 Language and Global Communication -2001 010203040506070 80 Applications

15 The Leverhulme Trust in 2008

Report of Research Awards Advisory Committee

Members Chairman: Professor KGull, CBE PhD FRS Professor RAshton, OBE PhD FBA Professor TMDevine, OBE PhD DLitt FBA FRSE Professor GDouglas, LLB LLM (from 29 October 2008) Professor LEaves, CBE DPhil FRS (from 1October 2008) Professor LFoxhall, MBE PhD Sir Richard Friend, PhD FREng FRS (to 30 September 2008) Professor JKeating PhD Professor JLeGrand PhD Professor LNead, PhD Professor NWikeley,MA(to 28 October 2008)

Ihave been delighted to report an increase in the RAAC’s financial allocation in each of the last four years, and Iamdeeply appreciative of the Trustees’ generosityinfunding the Committee’s activities. The enhanced level of funding has allowed us not only to maintain asteady volume of activity,but also to set award values at appropriate and realistic levels. In 2008 we saw another substantial rise in the RAAC budget to some £8M, virtually double the sum available four years ago. Ihave no doubt that the contribution our awards make to the personal research objectives and career development of individual researchers is both crucial and greatly appreciated. The additional resources have been critical in enabling us to meet the increased costs of academic salaries following the modernisationofpay scales. However,wewere also able to make two particularly significant changes to the pattern of support: firstly to fund afull year’s teaching replacement for Research Fellows; and secondly to offer the Trust’s Early Career Fellowships for three as well as for two years, at the same time increasing the number of these awards. The Research Fellowships date back to the earliest days of the Trust’s activities. As pressures on academic colleagues have increased, so the need for concentrated research time has also become greater,and not surprisingly application numbers have steadily risen. Typically we now receive in excess of 500 applications ayear.Our ability to fund a full year’s study leave has been welcomed by applicants, and there are already clear indications of the benefits both for the Research Fellow and for the career development of the replacement lecturer. We extended the Early Career Fellowship scheme to three years to enable younger academics to develop abroader range of academic experience and to explore their chosen research theme in amore ambitious and complex fashion. Our initial impression is that this move has been welcomed by the academic community,both by candidates and by their host institutions. Some 25 per cent of candidates requested three-year awards and crucially they had persuaded their host institutions to back their bids for the matching funding for this longer period: atrend we noted across the whole range of science, social science and humanities subjects. We expect to see agrowing number of requests for three-year awards in 2009 when applicantsand their institutions become aware of the policy change and are able to make the appropriate financial plans. At the scheme’s inception just ten awards were offered each year,but in 2008 this had grown to some 66 Fellowships. It is evident that the scheme has proven to be avery successful partnership between the Trust and host institutions, and has been an important bridge in supporting younger colleagues in the transition between their doctoral studies and their first permanent academic posts. The RAAC has along and successful history and is most unusual in dealing with all academic disciplines within one forum. As application numbers increase each year,so does the responsibility and workload of my fellow Committee members, and it would not be possible for the RAAC to operate effectively without their hard work, dedication and collegiality.Iwould particularly like to thank Professor Sir Richard Friend for his commitment to the Committee over the last seven years. He will be greatly missed, as will Professor Nick Wikeley,who has been appointed as ajudge of the Upper Tribunal. We are fortunate to have secured Professor Laurence Eaves and Professor Gillian Douglas to take over their respective portfolios. It is with great pleasure that Iwould like to welcome them both to the Committee.

Professor Keith Gull FRS July 2009

16 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT2008:10760 Annualreport2005 20/8/09 07:05 Page 17

Report of the Trustees

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS

Established under the Will of the First Viscount Leverhulme.

Date Appointed Trustees Sir Michael Angus HonDSc HonLLD CBIM (Resigned 31 December 2008) 05-11-84 Sir Michael Perry GBE HonDSc HonLLD FRSA CBIM (Chairman) 15-11-91 Mr NWAFitzGerald KBE FRSA 01-04-97 Dr ASGanguly CBE 06-07-00 Mr PJ-P Cescau 22-11-05

Associates Sir Iain Anderson CBE (appointed as aTrustee) 23-02-99 (resigned as aTrustee and appointed as an Associate) 22-11-05 Mr ACButler 19-11-98

Director Professor Sir Richard Brook OBE ScD FREng

Bankers Barclays Bank PLC 1Churchill Place, London, E14 5HP Barclays Global Investors 1Churchill Place, London, E14 5HP Allied Irish Bank 2Callaghan Square, Cardiff, CF10 2AZ

Solicitors Allen &Overy One New Change, London, EC4M 9QQ Mayer Brown Rowe &Maw 11 Pilgrim Street, London, EC4V 6RW

Auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0AF

Investment Managers Blackrock Investment Managers Limited 33 King William Street, London, EC4R 9AS Capital International Limited 40 Grosvenor Place, London, SW1X 7GG Newton Investment Management Limited 160 Queen Victoria Street, London, EC4V 4LA Schroders Investment Management Limited 31 Gresham Street, London, EC2V 7QA

1Pemberton Row,London, EC4A 3BG. Telephone:020 7042 9888. Registered Charity No: 288371

The Trustees present their Report and the audited Financial Statements for the year ended 31st December2008.

Structure, Governance and Management

The Leverhulme Trust is aRegisteredCharity,No. 288371. It Leverhulme Trust to the Leverhulme Trade Charities Trust. derives from the Will of the First Viscount Leverhulme (the This charge is to cover part of the cost of the Director of “Founder”),who died in 1925. He left aproportion of his Finance in his capacity as Secretaryresponsible for the day to shares in Lever Brothers Limited upon trust and specified the day administration of the Leverhulme Trade Charities Trust. income beneficiaries, to include certain trade charities and the provision of scholarships for such purposes of research and Full informationonthe scope of the Trust and the policies of education, being valid charitable purposes, as the Trustees the Trustees is given in an annual publication “Guide for might decide. The shareholding subsequently became one Applicants”, which is available on request and also on the with Unilever plc. website www.leverhulme.ac.uk.

In November 1983, the High Court approved adeclaration of In keeping with the stipulations of the Founder in his Will, any Charitable Trust from the Will which gave its two charitable replacements for one or other of the five Trustee positions are objects each an independent existence including its own Unilever selected by the existing Trustees for an indefinite term and shareholding. The eligible trade charities became the concern every person appointedshall if possible be adirector or of the Leverhulme Trade Charities Trust. The Leverhulme Trust, former director of Unilever plc. They are appointedbyaDeed from that date, was solely concerned with research and education. of Retirement and Appointment between the retiring Trustee, the continuing Trustees and the new Trustee. Neither Trust is alimited company and the only connection between the two charitiesisthat they share the same Trustees The Trustees, who receive no remuneration for their services, and an annual charge for administration is made from The meet four times per annum to manage the activities of the

17 Report of the Trustees

Trust, which includes the allocation of the income of The in the UK covering awide range of fields of study.Trustees Leverhulme Trust in accordance with the Will of the Founder have delegated authority to them to make research awards and the 7November 1983 Trust Deed. They can be supported to individual applicants in aselection of Trustee approved by Associates whose responsibilitiesare to complement the schemes. Full details of the Committee and its activities work of the Trustees. Trustees decide which applicationsfor during the year are given elsewhere in the main body of grants are to be accepted based upon advice from experts in “The Report of the Leverhulme Trustees 2008”. the particular field of study. –The Investment Committee. This consists of the Director Trustees’ induction and training consists of briefings from of Finance of the Trust and an external advisor.Its remit is other Trustees and the Director of the Trust; those appointed to review the performance of the investment managers at receive copies of relevant Charity Commission publications. regular intervals and to report back to the Trustees.

The Director is responsible to the Trustees for the day-to-day –The Leverhulme Advisory Panel. This consists of some thirty administration. The Trust has the equivalent of 14 staff who external specialists who provide individual advice to the are responsible to the Director. Trust on initial outline applicationsfor financial support.

The Trust has three standing committees– The Trustees have assessed the major risks to which the charity is exposed and drawn up arisk management register which –The Research Awards Advisory Committee. This consists they review annually.Trustees are satisfiedthat systems are in of nine eminent Professors attached to various institutions place to mitigate exposure to identified risks.

Objectives and Activities

The instructions given for the establishment of the Trust in the grants that include responsive research projects, visiting Will of the Founder in defining the purpose is succinct and fellowships and professorships, major research fellowships, generous in allowing for changes to fit the times. The objective special large research projects, prizes and awards made to is the promotion of research and education as the Trustees in individuals (delegated to the Research Awards Advisory their discretion direct. Committee).

The aims of the charity are to fulfil the founder’s instructions. The grant making policies of the Trust are set out in the annual In order to carry out these aims Trustees have set in place a publication “Guide for Applicants”. This provides detailed range of activities seeking to fulfil the founder’s intent. The information on how to apply for agrant and how any subsequent Will itself places no restriction on the disciplines that are to awards are administered. It is available on request or from the form the content of the research or education. Trust’s website www.leverhulme.ac.uk

The Trustees have set in place astrategy for achieving the Details of the main schemes can be seen in the next section aims and the objectives of the Trust which consists of making Achievements and Performance.

Achievements and Performance

The main body of “The Report of the Leverhulme Trustees TYPE OF SCHEMES 2008” reviews the development, activities and achievements 2008 2007 during the year and shows afull listing of all grants approved £’000 %£’000 % by the Trustees during 2008. The report provides anarrative of Research Awards Advisory some of the grants that were completed in this period in order Committee 7,901 16 6,373 15 to give aflavour of the range of activities supported by the Responsive Mode Projects 23,657 49 19,464 46 Trust. There is also asummary by field of study and a Africa Awards 5,820 12 –– complete descriptive listing of all grants to institutions agreed by the Trustees during the year and adetailed listing of the Research Leadership Awards –– 9,087 21 awards to individuals during 2008. Asummary of the value of Designated Programmes 3,862 8877 2 grants made can be seen in the following table. Major Research Fellowships 3,418 72,902 7 Visiting Fellows &Professors 1,921 41,725 4 The number of detailed applications received for consideration Leverhulme Prizes 1,950 42,020 5 for responsive mode projects, including extensions to existing Grants Awarded in Year 48,529 100 42,448 100 grants, amounted to 440 in 2008 (2007: 349). The number of grants which were subsequently made amounted to 171 (2007: 140). Trustees. Specifically with considerationofthe ambitions presented in the original bids and detailing the broad findings All institutional grants are reviewed on completion by the and publications resulting from the award.

18 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:05 Page 19

Report of the Trustees

Financial Review

The income of the Trust amounted to £51.2m in 2008 (2007: The investment policy of the Trustees is in accordance with the £44.8m). The income of the Trust increased by £6.4m. This Trust Deed which states that they may at their discretion invest was due to the increasing regular dividends received on the the Trust Fund in stocks, shares, securities or other investments, Trust’s shareholdinginUnilever (£3.9m) and higher dividend and appoint investment managers. The performance target of income received on it’s non-Unilever investments (£2.7m). the four investment managers so appointed is to produce a return in excess of agreed benchmarks. The combined return Grants awarded in the year increased from £42.4m in 2007 to from the four managers for the year 2008 was -18.8% £48.5m in 2008 asummary by scheme can be seen in Note 3a compared with the benchmark of -18.0%. to the financial statements. Trustees review the reserves policy at their meetings The value of the Trust at the end of 2008 was £1,256.1m(2007: throughout the year.The Trust’s spending policies are set at a £1,532.3m). The change in year-end market values of the level intended to maximise sustainable spend through time Unilever shareholding resulted in an unrealised loss during and preserve, at least, the real purchasing power of the fund the year of £213.1m. through time. The policy for the income fund is to retain sufficient funds in order to meet payments in respect of all The Trustees annually review the shareholdinginUnilever plc. grants awarded and schemes approved. At the year end there Taking account of the wide and diversified range of Unilever’s was sufficient funds to cover both. Where there is an excess of businesses, products and regional sources and markets, and resources on the income fund, Trustees will agree to increases of the total return from the shareholding, they continue to be in regular allocations to schemes or to the provision of one-off satisfied with the performance of the shares compared with schemes or acombination of both in order to bring the fund stock market indicators. into compliance with the policy.

Plans for future periods

Despite the current difficulties in the financial markets, the and Fellowships; £3.0m for Major Research Fellowships; Trustees aim to continue to maintain annual income levels so £2.5m for Prizes; £3.5m for specially designated programmes; far as is possible and to consider and support the widest £0.9m for Senior Fellowships; £9.6m for the RAAC (Research range of charitable activity consistent with their objectives and Awards Advisory Committee) and £1.7m for the arts. their grant making policy.They will continue to monitor the demand for existing programmes and to develop new As resources available currently exceed commitments made, programmes and schemes which will keep the level of the Trustees have initiated adetailed investigation into a commitments to resources in line with policy.The Trustees number of special programmes of which they hope to launch have identified funds for schemes where the grants will not be in 2009 in order to restore the desired balance of resources committed until 2009 viz. £1.8m for Visiting Professorships and commitments.

Statement of Trustees responsibilities for the financial statements

The Trust Deed requires the Trustees to prepare financial also acknowledgeresponsibility for safeguarding the assets of statements for each financial year which give atrue and fair the Trust and hence for taking reasonable steps for the view of the state of affairs of the Trust and of the incoming provision and detection of fraud and other irregularities. resources, cash flows and application of resources for the year. The Trustees recognise that this includes responsibility to: So far as each Trustee is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Trust's auditors are unaware, and ● Select suitable accounting policies and apply them they have taken all the steps they ought to have taken as a consistently; Trustee in order to make themselves aware of any relevant ● Make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and audit informationand to establish that the Trust’s auditors are prudent; aware of the information. ● State whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departuresdisclosed and On behalf of the Trustees explained in the financial statements; ● Prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis in accordance with the Charities Act 1993 unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Trust will continue. Sir Michael Perry (Chairman) The Trustees acknowledgethey are responsible for keeping 4March 2009 proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Trust. They 1Pemberton Row,London EC4A 3BG

19 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:05 Page 20

Independent Auditor’sReport to the Trustees of The Leverhulme Trust

We have audited the financial statements of The Leverhulme Cash Flow Statement and the related notes. These financial Trust for the year ended 31 December2008 which comprise of statements have been preparedunder the accounting policies the StatementofFinancial Activities, the Balance Sheet, the set out therein.

Respective responsibilities of Trustees and auditors

The responsibilities of the trustees for preparing the financial or assume responsibility for any other purpose or to any other statements in accordance with applicable law and United person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands it Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally may come save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in Accepted Accounting Practice) are set out in the Statement of writing. Trustees’ Responsibilities. We report to you our opinion as to whether the financial We have been appointed as auditors under section 43 of the statements give atrue and fair view and are properly prepared Charities Act 1993 and report in accordance with the Charities in accordance with the Charities Act 1993. We also report to (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2005 (“the 2005 you if, in our opinion, the information given in the Trustees' Regulations”) made under part VI of that Act. Our responsibility Report is not consistent with the financial statements, if the is to audit the financial statements in accordance with relevant charity has not kept proper accounting records, or if we have legal and regulatory requirements and International Standards not received all the information and explanations we require on Auditing (UK and Ireland). This report, including the for our audit. opinion, has been prepared for and only for the charity’s trustees as abody in accordance with paragraph 7(2) of the We read the Trustees’ Report and consider the implications for 2005 Regulations made under Part VI, Charities Act 1993 and our report if we become aware of any apparent misstatements for no other purpose. We do not, in giving this opinion, accept within it.

Basis of audit opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all the Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) issued by the Auditing information and explanations which we considered necessary Practices Board. An audit includes examination, on atest in order to provide us with sufficient evidence to give basis, of evidence relevant to the amounts and disclosures in reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free the financial statements. It also includes an assessment of the from material misstatement,whether caused by fraud or other significant estimates and judgments made by the trustees in irregularityorerror.Informing our opinion we also evaluated the preparation of the financial statements, and of whether the overall adequacy of the presentation of information in the the accounting policies are appropriate to the charity’s financial statements. circumstances, consistently applied and adequately disclosed.

Opinion

In our opinion: ● the financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Charities Act 1993. ● the financial statements give atrue and fair view,in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Accounting Practice, of the state of the charity’s affairs Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors as at 31st December 2008 and of its incoming resources London and application of resources, including its income and 4March 2009 expenditure and cash flows, for the year then ended; and

20 Financial Statements2008

Statement of financial activities for the year ended 31 December 2008

Notes 2008 2007 £000 £000 Incoming resources

From generated funds Investment income 251,190 44,763

Total Incoming Resources 51,190 44,763

Resources expended

Cost of generating funds – –Investment managementcosts 1,259 1,159 Charitable activities 3a 46,600 41,884 Governance costs 3b 48 67 Total resources expended 47,907 43,110

Net incoming resources before other recognised gains and losses 3,283 1,653

Realised and unrealised gains on investment assets 10 (279,549) 325,610

Net movement in funds (276,266) 327,263

Reconciliation of Funds

Total funds at beginning of year 1,532,376 1,205,113

Total funds carried forward 1,256,110 1,532,376

The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised during the year.All incoming resources and resources expended derive from continuing activities.

21 Financial Statements 2008

Balance sheet as at 31 December 2008

Notes 2008) 2007) £000) £000)

Fixed Assets: Tangible Assets 482)69) ) Investment in Shares in Unilever plc 51,082,107) 1,295,239) Other Investments 6223,715) 287,186) Total fixed assets 1,305,904) 1,582,494)

Current Assets: Debtors 799207 Cash and Bank Balances 849,735 41,829

Total current assets 49,834 42,036

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 969,657 60,942

Net current liabilities (19,823) (18,906)

Total assets less current liabilities 1,286,081) 1,563,588)

Creditors: amount falling due after one year 9(29,971) (31,212)

Total net assets 1,256,110) 1,532,376)

Funds of the charity

Unrestricted fund 10 Capital fund 172,476 185,652 Revaluation reserve 1,045,534 1,294,871 1,218,010) 1,480,523)

Income fund 43,031 48,971 Revaluation Reserve (4,931) 2,882 38,100) 51,853)

Total charitable funds 1,256,110) 1,532,376)

The financial statements were approved by the Trustees and signed on their behalf by:

Sir Michael Perry (Chairman)

4th March 2009

22 Financial Statements2008

Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31 December 2008

2008) 2007) Notes £000) £000)

Net Cash Inflow From Operating Activities (a) (40,420) (37,795) Returns on investments Investment income received 51,293 44,596

Capital Expenditure and Financial Investment Purchase of Investments (124,968) (175,620) Proceeds from Sale of Investments 127,636) 163,591) (Increase)/Decrease in cash held by Investment managers (5,614) 358) Purchase of tangible fixed assets (21) – (2,967) (11,671)

Net cash (outflow) inflow before management of liquid resources 7,906 (4,870)

Management of Liquid Resources

Cash (placed on)/taken from short term deposits (6,114) (35,356)

Increase/(Decrease) in cash in the year 1,792 (40,226) ) a) Reconciliation of net incoming resources to net cash flow from operating activities

Net incoming recources 3,283 1,653)

Investment income and deposit interest (51,190) (44,763) Decrease in debtors (excluding accrued –37) investment income) Increase in creditors 7,479 5,270) Depreciation 88)

Net cash outflow from operating activities) (40,420) (37,795) b) Reconciliation of Net cash flow to cash and bank balances:

(Decrease)/Increase in cash for the year: 1,792 (40,226)

Net cash resources at : –1st January 1,993 42,219)

–31st December 3,785 1,993)

23 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:05 Page 24

Financial Statements2008

Notes to the financial statements

1Accounting Policies Recognised gains and losses Recognisedgains and losses consist of both realised and Basis of preparation of the financial statements unrealised gains and losses on investments. Realised gains These financial statements have been prepared in accordance and losses are calculated as the difference between sales with applicable UK Accounting Standards (UK GAAP), the proceeds and opening market value (purchase date if later). Charities Act 1993 and the Statement of Recommended Unrealised gains and losses are calculated as the difference Practice: Accounting and Reporting by Charities, revised 2005. between market value at the end of the year and opening The financial statements have been prepared under the market value (or purchase date if later). historical cost convention, with the exception of investments which are included at market value. Irrecoverable VAT Irrecoverable VATischarged to the category of resources Fund Structure expended or tangible fixed asset for which it was incurred. The funds of the charity are unrestricted and are fully expendable at the discretion of the Trustees. However,inorder Tangible Fixed Assets to demonstrateadherence with the policy adopted to preserve Tangible fixed assets acquired with acost of more than £1000 the capital of the Trust, the Trustees have designated capital are capitalised. Otherwise they are expensed in the year of and income funds. acquisition. The capital fund consists of 68,531,182 ordinary shares of Depreciation is applied to fixed assets on astraight-line basis Unilever plc and certain other investments. over their expected useful life at the following annual rates: The income fund consists of the balance of fixed assets, current assets and the liabilities. Furniture, fitting and office machinery 7% Computers 331/3% Incoming resources Incoming resources are recognisedwhen the Trust has No depreciation charge is made in the year an asset is acquired. entitlement to the resources, it is certain that the resources will be received and the monetary value of the incoming Investments resources can be measured with sufficient reliability. Investments are recognised at market value, being the last trading price for the securities prior to year-end. Resources expended Liabilities are recognisedasresources expendedwhen there is Cash and bank balances alegal or constructive obligation committing the Trust to the Cash and bank balances representmoney on deposit and on expenditure. current accounts with banks. Cash held by investment managers is included with investments. Grants, both single- and multi-year,are recognisedinthe financial statements as liabilities after they have been Pension scheme approved by the Trustees, the recipients have been notified All staff are employed jointly by Unilever UKCR Ltd and the and there are no further terms and conditions to be fulfilled Trust. The Trust staff participate in the Unilever UKCR Ltd which are within the control of the Trust. In these defined benefit pension scheme. The pension liability is circumstancesthere is avalid expectationbythe recipients provided for in full by Unilever UKCR Ltd. The contributions that they will receive the grant. made by the Trust on behalf of its staff in the year are recognisedinthe Trust's StatementofFinancial Activities as Grants amounts that have been approved by the Trustees for incurred. The Trust itself is not deemed to bear any other specific purposes in future years, but have not been allocated liability in relation to the pension scheme. to specific recipients at year-end are disclosed as commitments. Taxation The Leverhulme Trust carries on activities which are exempt Cost of generating funds from corporation tax and income tax. Irrecoverable VATis The cost of generating funds consists of investment included with the expenditure to which it relates. managementfees.

Charitable activities The cost of charitable activities consists of grants and support costs, being the allocation of administrative costs relating to the delivery of the grant making activity.

Governance costs The cost of governance consists of statutory audit and legal fees, Trustees’ expensesand the allocation of administrative costs relating to the public accountability of the Trust and its compliance with regulation and good practice.

24 Financial Statements2008

2Investment Income 2008 2007 3c) Staff £000 £000 2008 2007 £000 £000 Dividends from Unilever plc 37,459 33,608 Wages and salaries 646 631 Managed Investments Social Security costs 62 60 Fixed Interest 3,073 2,466 Pension costs 122 146 Equities 8,205 6,006 Contractors 47 38 Property 5–Other 10 6 Cash 294 351 887 881 49,036 42,431 The average number of full time equivalent staff during the Bank Interest 2,154 2,332 year was 14 (2007:14). Total investment income 51,190 44,763 All staff are employed jointly by Unilever UKCR Ltd and the Trust with their cost recharged to the Trust. The number of Dividend income from Unilever plc is in respect of ordinary staff who received salaries and other emoluments(including shares. pension contributions) over £60,000 was: 2008 2007 3Analysis of resources expended Number Number 3a) Charitable activities £70,001 –£80,000 12 Grant funding during the year plus apportioned support costs £100,001 –£110,000 1– are as follows: £170,001 –£180,000 –1 £200,001 –£210,000 1– Activity Grants Support Total Total) Costs 2008 2007) Unilever UKCR Ltd makes provision under their pension £000 £000 £000 £000) scheme for the benefit of the staff of the Trust. Research Awards Advisory Committee 7,901 273 8,174 6,642) 3d) Trustee costs Responsive Mode Projects 23,657 803 24,460 20,276) Trustees did not receive any remuneration during the year. Major Research Fellowships 3,418 121 3,539 3,025) TwoTrustees received travelling and subsistence expenses (in Programmes/Research3,862 91 3,953 10,059) 2007 two Trustees) of £1,000 (2007: £1,000). Leadership Awards Africa Awards 5,820 15 5,835 – Visiting Professors/Fellows 1,921 106 2,027 1,833) 4Tangible Fixed Assets Prizes 1,950 106 2,056 2,120) Furniture, Fittings Computers Total Equipment Grants Awarded 48,529 1,515 50,044 43,955) £000 £000 £000 Adjustment on prior year Cost grant awards (3,444) –(3,444) (2,071) At 1January 2008 116 16 132 Additions 21 –21 Net Grants Awarded 45,085 1,515 46,600 41,884) At 31 December 2008 137 16 153

Support costs are apportioned on the basis of staff time spent Accumulated Depreciation on activities. The adjustments on prior year grant awards At 1January 2008 47 16 63 include the provision for future pay awards less the write back Charge for Year 8–8 of amounts on closed grants. At 31 December 2008 55 16 71 3b) Governance/Support The administrative costs of the Trust are apportioned as to Net Book Value governance and in support of charitable activities as follows:– At 31 December2008 82 –82 Governance Support 2008 2007 At 31 December 2007 69 –69 costs Total Total £000 £000 £000 £000 Staff remuneration 20 867 887 881 5Investment in shares in Unilever plc 2008 2007 Accommodation 7300 307 275 £000 £000 Other 8348 356 400 Historical cost 13,592 13,592 Audit 12 –1217Market value 1,082,107 1,295,239 Trustees 1– 11 48 1,515 1,563 1,574 The market value of investments held in Unilever plc shares reflects the market year-end share prices. There were no purchases/sales during the year.For cost purposes the shares Total costs are apportioned on the basis of staff time spent on were valued at the market price of £13,592,018 on Budget day the two functions. 1965.

25 Financial Statements2008

6Other Investments 10 Capital and Income Funds ) ) ) Other Investments representamounts held in managed Capital Income Total Total ) ) ) investment funds with Blackrock Management (UK)Limited, Fund Fund Funds Funds ) ) ) Capital International Limited, Newton Investment 2008 2008 2008 2007 ) ) ) Management and Schroders Investment Management Limited £000 £000 £000 £000 )) and are shown at market value. The historical cost at 31 a) Movement in funds December 2008 was £251.6 million (2007: £271.1 million). As at 1st January 1,480,523 51,853) 1,532,376) 1,205,113) 2008 Movement in 2007 Net incoming/ Market Year Market (outgoing) resources Value Value Value before other recognised £000 £000) £000 gains/losses –3,283) 3,283) 1,653) Fixed Interest –UK42,333 (7,824)) 50,157 Realised gains on sale of Investments (13,176) (9,223) (22,399) 26,406) Equities –UK102,537 (38,859) 141,396 Revaluation of –Overseas 66,807 (24,055) 90,862 investments (249,337) (7,813) (257,150) 299,204) Property1,687 1,687 – Cash 10,351 5,580 4,771 (262,513) (17,036)) (279,549) 325,610) Investments 223,715 (63,471)) 287,186 As at 31st December 1,218,010 38,100) 1,256,110) 1,532,376)

Analysis of movement:– b) Funds are comprised as follows: Purchases at Cost 124,968) Fixed assets 1,218,010 87,894) 1,305,904)1,582,494) Disposals at Carrying Value (150,035) Unrealised Profit/(Loss) (44,018) Current assets –49,834) 49,834) 42,036) Decrease to cash 5,614) (63,471) Liabilities –(99,628) (99,628) (92,154)

Net Funds 1,218,010 38,100) 1,256,110) 1,532,376) 7Debtors Debtorscomprise accrued investment income of £99,000 c) Revaluation reserves (2007: £207,000). As at 1st January 1,294,871 2,882) 1,297,753) 998,547)

8Cash and Bank Balances Revaluation of Investments (249,337) (7,813) (257,150) 299,206) 2008 2007 £000 £000 As at 31st December 1,045,534 (4,931) 1,040,603)1,297,753) Cash at bank and in hand 3,785 1,993 Term deposits under 3months 45,950 39,836 11 Lease commitments 49,735 41,829 ) At 31 December 2008 the Trust had annual commitments under an operating lease which expires in 2012. Currently it amounts to £207,000 per annum. 9Creditors 2008) 2007) £000) £000) 12 Related Parties The Trustees’ report explains the relationship between the Grants payable 99,221) 91,810) Trustees of this Trust and those of the Leverhulme Trade Charities Accrued administration expenses ) Trust. The Trust is not related to any other organisationswith and Investment management fees 407) 344) which the Trustees have affiliations, including Unilever.

Total 99,628) 92,154) Certain Trustees are also Trustees or Directors of other organisationswhich are recipients of grants from the Trust. In Less: grants falling due after more these instances the Trustees have declared their interest at the than one year (29,971) (31,212) time of the grant approval.

Amounts falling due within one year 69,657) 60,942) 13 Commitments

At 31st December 2008 Trustees had approved the spending levels for various schemes amounting to £22.8m (2007: £21.9m). Individual grants will be awarded under the schemes in 2009.

26 Financial Statements2008

14 2008 Grants awarded by institution

Institution Number of Amount Awards £’000

Royal Society 23,620 Oxford University 19 2,646 Mandela Rhodes Foundation 12,500 Cambridge University 21 2,284 Leicester University 41,971 Leeds University 12 1,073 Birmingham University 61,055 Imperial College London 10 1,021 St. Andrews University 7910 Sheffield University 9904 Newcastle University 8857 Manchester University 9852 Reading University 4825 Edinburgh University 9794 Liverpool University 4691 Kings College London 6660 London Queen Mary’s 6643 Aberdeen University 6615 Sussex University 5604 Bristol University 7558 University College London 10 544 York University 4533 Durham University 5525 Coventry University 1513 Bath University 4500 TATE2481 Glasgow University 4425 London Birkbeck College 6390 Exeter University 5377 Cardiff University 5375 Nottingham University 4365 Kent University 4335 Trinity Laban 4333 Open University 4325 Dundee University 4306 British Academy 1300 Royal Academy of Engineering1 300 Warwick University 3266 Brunel University 3256 Sunderland University 1250

124 institutions below £250,000 124 7,846 Research Awards Advisory Committee 219 7,901

2008 Total Grants awarded 573 48,529

27

Awards in Focus

5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:06 Page 31

Awards in Focus

Artist in Residence

Chila KumariBurman of representation. In this semester Iwill also work with year 3 University of East London Life Histories students on the development of visual autobiographical histories drawing on the concepts of self- construction and reconstruction. This workshop exposes students Visual exploration of autobiographical material to an innovative range of printing processes and techniques. in teaching and research Ultimately,this residency will result in various exhibitions, including apsychosocial and asociology studies exhibit at the My predominantlyautobiographic artistic experimentation in UniversityofEast London, and an exhibit at the East London print, collage, mixed media paintingand photography explores dynamic cross-cultural arts and media centre, Richmix, the construction of gendered, classed and ethnic identities. accompanied by acatalogue and apublished academic research Within my work, fine art and pop culture images construct paper. personal and family memories and statements of political satire in acontemporary British postcolonial context.

Art as an instrument for social change has always been an integral concernfor me. At the same time, workinginhigher educationiscentraltomywork, and is increasingly seen as a fundamental aspect of artistic practice. The Leverhulme residency at the University of East London gives me the opportunity to integrate aspects of my own artistic work into generating asynergy of both teachingand urban regeneration.

The focus of the residency in my teachingand research with students across different levels and modules is the visual exploration of autobiographical material and will incorporate psychological and social theories. In my approach to teaching Ifocus on the artistic process rather than ‘finished’ images or technique, encouraging spontaneous and random explorations resulting in unplanned meanings. The materials used will be drawn from everyday and unconventional materials such as felt tips, poster paint, glitter,bindies, jewellery,and newspaper cuttings. Text plays acentral role in the resulting prints and collages.

The residency is divided into two semesters. The first semester involves work with year 2Psychology students on the Race and Ethnicities module but also encompasses module seminar groups with rotating membership. Visual popular media materials that reflect on social constructions of race and ethnicity comprise alarge percentage of the workshop. Fluid forms of identity are explored in experimentation with collage, and students will work with self-portraits, family portraits, personal artefacts and images, and personal objects found in their family home or birthplace. At the same time, Iregularly contribute to sessions on the Narrative Practice Masters module resulting in small group work using visual methods to interrogate social research. The main focus of my residency is the planning and research with the staff from the University of East London’s Centre for Narrative Research on the “East London Lives” research project which explores autobiographies comprising the scope of identities, history and place. This project results in so-called research ‘portraits’. Punjabi Rockers2005 Cibacrome Print 40"x30" The second semester continues with rotating workshops, this Collection of British Council time involving agroup of year 2Counselling students. My work on this module complements the writtenjournals that students have to complete with visual components. Conscious and unconscious thought are channelled within the media of collage, painting and drawing used earlier in the year. Opposing page –Auto Portrait 1996-2004 Additionally,the students are introduced to the “Zen and the Inkjet print on paper and canvas Art of Drawing” process challenging drawings’ traditionalmodes Collection of Richard Branson, Cecil Higgins Gallery

31 Awards in Focus

Research Project Grant

Professor Timothy Birkhead Who were the pioneersthat dragged ornithology, screaming and University of Sheffield kicking out of the museums and into the universities? Who made the study of living birds scientifically respectable? Why has there been such an enormous increase in the focus on birds The history of modern ornithology as study organisms during the 20th century? Are any cultural changes responsible for the expansion of ornithology?Which Birds provide many more textbook examples of biological biologicalconcepts are central to the study of ornithology? phenomena than any other class of vertebrates. We take it for granted today that the biology of birds is well known, but our My objective is to show how concepts in biology,using birds as ornithological knowledge is remarkably recent and the study of examples, are made compelling through amixture of history, birds became scientific only during the first half of the 20th science and biography.Iwill identify those ornithologists who century. made the key discoveries or initiated great intellectual adventures in ornithology.Tothat end, Iwill interview senior bird biologists Prior to that time the handful of individuals who called (and archive their accounts for future generations), to obtain first themselves professional ornithologists, mainly studied dead hand information about how particularareas of ornithological birds –skins and bones –inmuseums, and focussedtheir research developed. Iwill also conduct an analysis of the major attention on the description of new species, as well as trends in ornithology,illustrating the rise of different sub- taxonomy,nomenclature, and geographic distribution. Their disciplines, such as animal behaviour,ecology,molecular focus was almost exclusively qualitative and there were few biology,systematics, neurobiology and physiology.Iwill also broad concepts. Museum-based ornithologists arrogantly show how the very recent discoveries of feathered dinosaurs assumed that the study of all other aspects of bird biology, have so markedly changed our view of what it means to be abird. including the behaviour and ecologyofwild birds, was unscientific and not worthy of investigation. Even in the 1950s, Rigorous scholarship should not be dull reading –Iwant our the studyofbirds in the field was often referred to shared passion for birds to be apparent in the publications disparagingly as ‘bird watching’ and regardedasaneccentric that result from this project. The end result will also celebrate pastime,rather than part of mainstream zoology. How things the joy of ornithological discovery and provide asense of have changed! Today there are hundreds of thousands of wonder about birds and our obligationtoconserve them. biologists studying many different aspects of bird biology in both field and laboratory throughout the world. http://wisdomofbirds.co.uk/

How do we know what we know about the biology of birds? Who discovered how birds' eggs were fertilised? (top left, newly laid zebra finch egg); Who established the wintering areas of common terns? (top right); Who unravelled the basis for the Australian magpie's cooperative breeding system? (bottom left); Who resolved the mystery of what Darwin called 'the great magpie marriage'? (European magpie wing, bottom right).

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Awards in Focus

Early Career Fellowship

Dr Aris Karastergiou am involved in the design of new technologies for pulsar University of Oxford observationswith the next generationradio telescopes. This can be achieved particularly well within the active SKA community at Oxford Astrophysics.Myhost group and Iare Pulsars and the next generation radio telescopes also heavily involved in the design and use of pathfinder instruments to the SKA, such as LOFAR, anext-generation My research is in the field of radio astronomy,studying radio telescope centred in the Netherlands and extending to pulsars and other extremeastrophysical objectswith variable international neighbours, including the UK. We are also emission, at the sub-departmentofAstrophysics at the involved in the design and early exploitation of the Australian University of Oxford. Radio astronomy is undergoing a SKA Pathfinder (or ASKAP) and in early science projects with revolution due to huge technological advances, which will the Allen Telescope Array (an SKA pathfinderoperatedby culminatewith the construction of agigantic telescope called University of California, Berkeley). the Square Kilometer Array,orSKA. One of the main scientific objectives of this instrument, and my own favourite subject, is to study radio pulsars and transient radio sources.

Pulsars are extremeastrophysical objects, directly observable by means of powerful radio beams emittedoutward from the magnetic poles. They are neutronstars, discovered just over forty years ago, and the precisenature of the radio emission mechanism remains enigmatic. Pulsar research has ahistory of scientific excellence,including two Nobel prizes, and ground- breaking discoveries have been made at regular intervals. The ever expanding capabilities of the most sensitive radio telescopes and the remarkable discovery of other,pulsar-like objects such as Rotating-Radio-Transients (RRATS) and radio emitting Magnetars(highly magnetised neutron stars) are steadily leading towards abreakthrough in understanding these fascinating stars.

The Leverhulme Trust currently supports my research in pulsars and radio transients. As an expert in the field and experienced user of the most sensitive radio telescopes, Ipropose for,carry out and analyse series of astronomical observations to determine the shape and structure of the radio beams of pulsars, to understandthe average and instantaneous polarization characteristics of their emission, to uncover the origin and phenomenology of intensity modulations in time/ space/frequency,and to establish the links to more exotic Pulsars discovered and monitored with the SKA will act like cosmic objects such as Magnetars and RRATs. gravitational wave detectors, making it possible to study ripples in the fabric of space-time that propagate at ultra-low frequencies. (Image credit: D.Champion, Pulsars constitute one of the five, well-defined key science M.Kramer/JBO) projects for the SKA. The SKA will be the largest and most sensitive radio telescope ever built, by an international consortium in which the UK (and Oxford specifically) is aleading member.Pulsar observations with the SKA will test Einstein's general theory of relativity and measure cosmological events in an unprecedented way.These experiments, which will advance our fundamental understanding of the nature of the universe, utilise the regularity of pulsars, the extreme precision of pulsar observations and the phenomenological insight gained during the past 40 years of relentless observations. However, our current lack of understanding of the emission physics of pulsars not only presents an important and challenging astrophysical problem in itself, but also achallenge to the precision and ultimate success of the upcoming experiments with the SKA.

The research plan Iamundertaking with the support of The Leverhulme Trust is designed to significantly boost the chances of the ambitious SKA pulsar experiments. At the same time, I

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Awards in Focus

Major ResearchFellowship

ProfessorBrian Cummings Yetthere are obstacles in the way.The primary form of new University of Sussex argument has been biographical. Biography is the serpent in the garden of Shakespeareanism, aconstant source of temptation and frustration.The documentaryrecords are few and far The confessions of Shakespeare between, and notoriously difficult to interpret. Recently attention has been paid to the records of Shakespeare’s family,especially Religion is the last great mystery of Shakespeare studies. It has his father,but even if such matters could be proved they would long been one of the most controversial topics in relationto only tell us about the father and not the son. the dramatist: to know his religious beliefs, as to know his political views, has seemed like aholy grail. Yetithas proved hard This suggests we are approaching the argument from the wrong to find evidence. Shakespeare wrote in no devotional genre,in direction. Whatever it is that matters about Shakespeare is not fact hardly wrote in the first person at all –exceptinthe to be found in the incidental events of his life but flows Sonnets, themselves notably opaque and elusive in meaning. outwards from the way in which he wrote. My own project on Since the romantic period, indeed,the impersonality of Shakespeare’s religion, while making use of the insights of the Shakespeare’swriting has been one of its most prized ‘Catholic Shakespeare’ case, is based on different principles. features. Shakespeare is ‘like amirror,’ Coleridge wrote, ‘he is It aims to place the question back within the context of in all his personages because all humanity is in him.’ But as a Reformation history.Mysubject is not the religion of consequence we cannot know what Shakespeare himself was, Shakespeare the man so much as the place and meaning of so investigating the beliefs of Shakespeare –especially the religion within his writing. religious beliefs–has come to seem like acategorymistake or even apoetic blasphemy.Central to Shakespeare’s claim to With the support generously provided by aMajor Research universality is the view that his plays display no religion: his work Fellowship, Iwill write amonographwhich will redraw the instead is a‘secular scripture,’ Harold Bloom famously stated. boundaries between biography,history,literature and religion. It will be concerned with understanding how the ritual, Atransformation has recently taken place, motivatedbya doctrinal and social effects of the Reformation leave deeper perception of the significanceofreligion in contemporary society. marks than can be assimilated within aquestion of an The sense of how widespread, controversial –and conflicted – individual’s religious affiliation. In the process, Iwill show questions of religious affiliation are is greater than ageneration how the complexity of response to religion in Shakespeare –in ago. Conversely,the religious upheaval of Shakespeare’s own word, gesture and action –can be used to shed new light on period has come to seem especially relevant. All of these factors confessional identities in aperiod of profound religious make the currentmomentanexceptionally propitious one for change. the study of Shakespeare’sreligion.

Wedding at Bermondsey c. 1570 Joris Hoefnagel (Hatfield House, Hertfordshire).

34 Awards in Focus

Emeritus Fellowship

Professor Sir Tony Wrigley accounted for no less than 74 per cent of total growth. At the other extreme the bottom half of all hundreds accounted for only 11 per cent of the overall rise in population.Arelatively small Extremes of population growth in the industrial group of hundreds in which industrial, commercial, and mining revolution period activity was concentrated were growing so quickly that they could provide employment for the most of the great surge in numbers The ‘classic’ periodofthe industrialrevolution, from c. 1760 which was taking place. Meanwhile pressure in rural, agricultural to c. 1840, was the periodinwhich the rate of growth of the areas, which were ill equipped to cope with arapid rise in the population of England rose to alevel not experienced either number of young men and women seeking employment, was beforeorsince. Over the 90 years from 1761 to 1851 the kept to atolerable minimum as aresult. Since rates of natural population rose from 6.31 to 16.73 million, arate of growth of increase were not greatly different over the country as awhole, 1.1 per cent annually.Itwas especially rapid between 1791 and there was, of course, large-scale migration from areas of slow 1831 when the rate of growth reached1.3 per cent annually. growth to those where growth rates were very high indeed. Always in earliercenturies population growth at such ahigh Population in the top 10 per cent was rising by 1.93 per cent rate would have producedextrememisery.Itisaremarkable annually over the whole period; in the top quarter of hundreds featureofthe late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by 1.67 percent annually; but in the bottom half of hundreds by that the country escapedthis fate. It did so only because the only 0.43 per cent annually.Alternatively the hundreds can be huge rise in numberswas very highly concentrated in afew ranked not by rate of growth but by the absolute size of the areas, while in most of the country the growth rate remained growth taking place in the hundred. relatively modest. The accompanyingmap illustrates the point that large units It has recently proved possible to reconstruct the population like the county provide only acrude and clumsy guide to the of each of the 610 hundredswhich formedthe main location and pace of growth. Even in Lancashire, the fastest administrative units between the countiesand the parishes. growing of any county, there were areas of very modest From 1801 onwards the successivecensuses provide this increase and the same was true of the West Riding. It also information. Before then hundred totalscan be estimated shows that there were large tracts of the country in which using the information returned to John Rickman,who oversaw growth, even in this period of exceptionally rapid growth the taking of the first four censuses, by parish incumbents, the overall, was sedate. Migration was the means of matching Parish RegisterAbstracts1.Asaresult, decadal hundred totals growth to opportunity.Ihave deliberately covered only a are available every tenth year from 1761 to 1851. fraction of England so that more detail is visible than would be the case if the whole country had been included. If the hundreds are ranked according to their rate of growth over the period1761-1851, the top 10 per cent of hundredsalone 1 The method of estimation is described in E.A. Wrigley,‘English accounted for 56 per cent of the whole rise in population which county populations in the later eighteenth century’, Economic History took place, and the top quarter of hundredsranked in this way Review, 60 (2007), pp. 35-69.

Percentagerates of growth by hundred: England 1761-1851.

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Awards in Focus

Research Fellowship

Dr Becky EConekin University of the Arts London

Pretty hard work: ahistory of fashion modelling in London and Paris ca 1947 –1967

As evidenced by the crowds at the Victoria and Albert Museum’s ‘The Golden Age of Couture: Paris and London 1947-1957’ exhibition, in the autumn of 2007, there is great public interest in fashion history.Yet, we know very little about the history of modelling, either in terms of production or consumption. Beyond memoirs and coffee-table books, modellinginany period does not yet have afully articulated history.One of the preoccupations of this project is to explore some of the possible reasons why modelling has not been taken seriously as work, situating it within longer histories of women’s struggles for the right to respectable, paid employment.

Most people agree that the first ‘supermodels’ appeared in the immediate post-war period, women such as American, Dorian Leigh, and British, Barbara Goalen, who was dubbed ‘La Goalen’ by the British press. Goalen’s look heralded the fifties’ trend of using British models who resembled aloof, aristocratic English roses. Yet, other than ahandful of models who became famous, most fashion models in this period were elegant, unnamed women. This project examines models’ identities in terms of cosmopolitanism, ethnicity,class and sexuality.Italso explores the business of modelling. After asuccessful legal fight to change French law,Dorian Leigh established the first professional model agency in Paris in the mid 1950s. The roles that women played in facilitating work for other women are explored in this project. Unravelling the story of model recruitment in the immediate post-war period also shines light on an important aspect of the models’ sexualities and reputations. It is widely rumoured that Dior recruited models from brothels in post- war Paris. Aclose examination of the sources, coupled with oral interviews will help to determine if this is true.

This project is asocial, cultural and economic history of modelling in post-war London and Paris, examining modelling in terms of not only representations, but also consumption and production. It provides new insights into the processes of fashion democratisation and dissemination, as well as the post-war lives of women. Against stereotype, many of the top models were wives and mothers. The research also contributes to the current debate about models’ health and their influence on young women’s body images today.

Initially this project only covered the years 1947 to 1957, but the National Portrait Gallery contacted me in September of 2008 and asked me to work on the sixties’ models to enhance their October 2009 exhibition ‘From the Beatles to Bowie’, and so Ibegan interviewing models from that decade as well. Modelling changed tremendously both as work and in aesthetic terms over this period. The fifties’ look of aristocratic,haughty grandeur –where the models looked thirty,even if they were twenty –gave way to the demotic, gawky,look of the sixties’ and the fashions of youth and the street. 1960s fashion models were clearly apart of the creation and dissemination of London’s Top: August, 1954 British Vogue announces its Model Contest. Swinging Sixties. Modelling became alegal profession in France Centre: Jean Shrimpton on the cover of British Vogue, April 1, 1963. and model agencies grew exponentially in London across this Bottom: Paulene Stone on the cover of British Vogue July,1964. period. This project will tell the story of the professionalisation (Images courtesy of The Conde Nast Publications Ltd) of fashion modelling.

36 Awards in Focus

Study Abroad Studentship

Louis Phipps

Determining the relative importance of different land use practices for Gyps vultures

Gyps vultures are declining globally,largely as aresult of habitat loss, reducedfood availability and persecution. Amore recent threat results from the use of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) in cattle herds, leading to poisoning of vultures feedingontreatedcarcasses and causing the loss of more than 99% of individuals of three speciesofvulture in India over the past 15 years. Their decline as asignificant scavengerhas led to associatedchanges within their environment and has had implications for human health and diseasessuch as anthrax and rabies.

Recentresearch has shown that Gyps vulture species in Africa are at least as sensitive to diclofenac toxicity as Asian Gyps species. As diclofenac is now being imported into Africaand recent satellite telemetry studies have shown that Gyps vultures regularly cross bordersover their extensive foraging range, veterinary diclofenac poses asignificant threat to all Gyps vultures in the region. It is increasingly important, therefore, that we understand the ranging behaviour and habitat utilisationof these speciesinorder to determine potential exposure to veterinary drugs and other threats in the region.

The Leverhulme Trust has awarded atwo year Study Abroad Studentship towards my postgraduate research project based at the University of Pretoria’s Department of Veterinary Science. The main aims of the project are to determine the status of the poorly known Gyps vulture population (i.e. the endangered Cape vulture and the more widespread but declining white- backedvulture) in the Northwest and LimpopoProvinces of South Africa,and to relate vulture breeding, feedingand roostingactivity to different land use practices. The origin of the project arose from the observation that vultures were seen far more often in unprotected private farmland, compared to officially protected nationalparks and nature reserves. This leaves the vulture population far more susceptible to threats such as poisoning, harvesting for traditional medicineand disturbance at their nest sites.

Severalmethodshave been employed to identifythe key areas of vulture activity in the region.For example, avulture feeding site has been established at Mankwe Wildlife Reserve (NW Province, South Africa) in order to study their feeding behaviour (e.g. using digital camera traps), as well as provide asite where vultures can be caught using awalk-in cage trap. The vultures’ wings are then fitted with individualnumber tags as part of a regional marking strategy. Forty vultures have been tagged so far and re-sightings by farmers and reserve managers have produced valuable data about their ranging behaviour.In addition, GPS tracking devices have been fitted to white-backed vultures in order to follow their movements across and beyond the region.This is acontemporary technique for vulture research and has already producedinvaluable information about key aspects of vulture activity that would otherwise be impossible to obtain. Furthermore, landowner questionnaires are being conducted across the region in order to locate breeding colonies and other key areas for vultures.

The increased knowledge of vulture activity in the region should enable effective conservation strategies to be planned and put into action to help stop the steep decline in the Gyps vulture population. Tagging avulture’s wings, as part of aregional marking strategy.

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Awards in Focus

Training and Professional Development

Anita Crowe All participants in the Britten–Pears Orchestra benefit enormously Aldeburgh Music from being able to work with top internationaltutors, whom they would not otherwise have access to. In 2008 these included violinist Markus Däunert, Guest Concertmaster of Leipzig Britten-Pears Orchestra bursaries Gewandhaus Orchestra, and Isabel Charisius, until recently violist with the Alban Berg Quartet. Wind specialists include clarinettist The Britten-Pears Orchestra is made up of talented young Michael Harris, formerly principal with the Philharmonia musicians from around the world, most of them on Orchestra, and horn player Richard Watkins, aleading soloist postgraduate courses at conservatoire, or already making their as well as principal with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. first steps in the profession. They are selected by annual international audition and come together up to four times Recipients of the 2008 Leverhulme Bursaries included the each year for courses run by major international conductors orchestra’s concertmaster,Mary Elizabeth Brown, ayoung and tutors. The Leverhulme Bursaries, awarded for athree Canadian violinist who has regularly led Youth Orchestra of the year periodfrom 2008 onwards, will enable us to invite the Americas on world-wide tours and is currently Concertmaster world’sbest young musicians, regardless of their ability to pay of Sinfonia Toronto and Associate Concertmaster of Orchestra for the courses. London Ontario. She therefore brings awealth of experience to the orchestra, but is also incredibly grateful for the The Britten-Pears Orchestra is part of Aldeburgh Music, which experience gained from working with the tutors at BPP, also runs the renowned Aldeburgh Festival each June. The particularly Markus Däunert and Isabel Charisius, whom she Festival was founded by Benjamin Britten in 1948, and has worked with on an Aldeburgh Residency in 2008. Anumber of grown to ayear-round programme of concerts and events, of other Leverhulme bursary recipients, including Alexej Rosik which the Britten-Pears Young Artist Programme forms acentral and Sophie Coles, were also extremely fortunate to have part. In 2008, the Orchestra performed in the 61st Aldeburgh individual lessons with Markus Däunert, and continued these Festival, aprogramme of Britten and Mozart conducted by after their courses by travelling to Germany to work with him. Antonello Manacorda, and in the Snape Proms, with conductor Robin Ticciati, where they performed Bruckner’s Further collaborations have included ajoint residency with the Symphony No.7 and Bartok’s Viola Concerto. In October 2008, wind, brass and percussion players of the London Philharmonic achamberensemble from the orchestra performed in anew Orchestra in June 2009, which lead to aperformance in the 62nd production of Britten’s opera,The Rape of Lucretia, which Aldeburgh Festival, and anew production of Britten’s opera, premiered at Snape Maltings Concert Hall and toured to Bury The Turn of the Screw,which was part of the inaugural season Theatre Royal and to the opening season of King’sPlace, a of Aldeburgh Music’s new studio spaces, opened to the public new concerthall in London. in May 2009

Britten-PearsOrchestra, 2008. (Image credit: Malcolm Watson)

38 Awards in Focus

Philip Leverhulme Prize

Dr William Hughes University of Leeds

Sex, sociality and symbiosis

Understanding the evolutionofsociality,symbiosisand sex may at first sight seem quite different problems. However,in all of these extremely intimate relationships, individuals are faced with the same basic challenge of needingtoutilise other individuals for their own ultimately selfish ends. Sociality, symbiosis and sex are thereforeall characterisedbyadelicate balancing act of cooperation and conflict between the interacting individuals. Some interactions, such as ant colonies or sexual reproduction, may outwardly seem models of cooperation but are in reality ridden by conflict. Others that appear paradigms of conflict, such as parasite infections, may include elements of cooperation.

One or more of these intimate relationships is fundamental to practically all of life. Many of the most ecologically dominant species are social, all species are involved in symbiotic relationships of one form or another and most animals and plants reproduce sexually at least some of the time. Indeed, given that multicellularity,eukaryotic cells, and even genomes all arose from the interaction of individual components, it can in one sense be said, to quote the evolutionary biologist Steve Frank, that “all of life is social”.

As one of the pinnacles of sociality,social insects are ideal organisms for studying these relationships.Their societies range from simple to complex, and, unlike multicellular organisms, can be broken apart and put back together with relative ease, allowing us to investigate the importance of the constituent Leaf-cutting ant queen and worker.(Image credit: David Nash) parts. They are faced with many of the same problems of disease as our own societies, but appear to be much more successfulthan us at dealing with them. And they exhibit the full range and extremes of sex, from queens of the giant Asian honeybee mating with over 100 drones in just acouple of hours to the lifetime monogamy shown by termites. Social insects are also of tremendous ecological and economic importance, including both pests and beneficial species. Understanding how their societies are organised, their defences against parasites, and their need for different amounts of sex can help suggest improved ways of controlling species which are pests, and inform our conservation of those that are beneficial.

Thanks to the generous Philip Leverhulme Prize Iwill now be able to pursue the core problem of cooperation and conflict from adiversity of angles. One of the most exciting aspects is the discovery,thanks largely to molecular techniques, that social insects are packed with cryptic symbionts. Some of these we know to be explicitly parasitic, but for most we have no idea what effects they have or how they influence sociality and sex. The Prize will allow me to further embed advanced molecular methods in my approach to uncover this hidden world of organisms within organisms.

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Awards in Focus

International Network

Professor John ADupré pattern. The problem is that this model takes for granted vertical University of Exeter inheritance as the underlying cause of tree branchingpatterns. Now that there is ahuge amount of comparative genetic data, it has become obvious that microbes acquire some of their genetic Questioningthe Tree of Life material horizontally,often from distantly related organisms. Because microbes (unicellularorganisms both with and without The Tree of Life is the primary scientific representationof anucleus) are the most numerous and diverse of all life forms, evolutionary descent. Its roots, trunk and branches depict the they comprise the majority of the tree. And because they are relationships between species as asingle, ever-bifurcating acquiring genes and parts of genes horizontally,then microbial pattern. The metaphor is famously associated with Darwin, evolutioncannot be represented solely by bifurcating branches who drew atree in his notebook and next to it two words: ‘I of vertical descent. The net-like patterns generated by horizontal think’. His own simple representationwas developed much gene transfer also occur in the world of plants, animals and more elaboratelybyhis contemporary,Ernst Haeckel. fungi, where horizontal events are aided by viral gene transfer or the capacities of organismstohybridize across species. Now researchers at Egenis, based at the University of Exeter, have been awarded agrant of more than £70,000 from The The project ‘Questioning the Tree of Life’, involves anetwork Leverhulme Trust to explore this popular representation of of biologists, philosophers and historians from acrossEurope evolutionary relationships. The assumption that there is aunique and the USA, but has its home at Egenis, the ESRC Centre for universal tree appears to many evolutionary biologists as afact Genomics in Society.The aim of the Network is to connect that would never need revision. However,new knowledge, currently separated perspectives: the key biologists (microbial, particularly about microbes, seems to show that the tree may plant and animal) working on challenges to the underlying not, after all, be the exclusive pattern of evolutionary relationships. concept of the ToL, and philosophers and historians of science. Although the science and the ideas which call into The Tree of Life (ToL) purports to represent the true evolutionary question the representation of evolutionary relationships as a relationships between all living things as asingle ever-bifurcating single tree have been around for some years, this project is one of the first concerted efforts to bring together not just scientists but also researchers from other disciplines to consider the issue. The group’s primary research objectives are to clarify the assumptions of ToLthinking, examine the alternatives, and develop novel ways of thinking about and representing evolutionary relationships. In the process, cross- disciplinary dialogue will be developed and enhanced, and additional interdisciplinary projects initiated.

The Network had its first meeting in Pittsburgh in November 2008. Apanel of evolutionary microbiologists and philosophers outlined their thoughts on the problems concerning the ToL, and introduced alarge audience to the multiple lines of evidence and theory that question standard ToLconcepts. The next gathering of the QToL Network took place in Halifax, Nova Scotia, at the end of July 2009. This meeting’s discussions will be published in aspecial journal issue in Biology &Philosophy. Other collaborative publications are already underway,and additional funding has been contributed for events that will bring philosophers and historians into the scientists’ domains. Considerable public interest is already apparent, with communities from the art world to various news media making use of the Network’s discussions. The project is also attracting the attention of anti- evolutionary theorists, such as proponents of the notion of Intelligent Design, who regard evidence that the ‘tree’ representation of evolutionary relationships is wrong as evidence that that the theory of evolution itself is wrong.

Professor John Dupré, director of Egenis, rejects this assumption, but welcomes the debate. “Anti-Darwinists treat evolution as abelief system rather than as science, and Darwin as someone whose pronouncements stand or fall in their entirety,rather than aman who posited atheory based on the information available to him at the time,” he says.

“Ashas been well said, we don’t call physics ‘Newtonism’, and evolution isn’t Darwinism. The theory of evolution itself has and will continue to evolve as different fields within biology make new discoveries, and we shouldn’t be afraid of being Ernst Haeckel's monophyletic tree of organisms, 1866. absolutely clear about that.”

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Awards in Focus

International Award

Award to The Mandela Rhodes Foundation

In August 2008 the Trust awarded £2.5M to The Mandela Rhodes Foundation to assist in the achievement of its vision: to have 100 Mandela Rhodes Scholars from across Africa, in residence per year from 2012. The Trust’s grant will over a period of five years lead to the permanent endowment of 10 scholarships at the Foundation. The announcement was made at acelebrationevent attended by Mr Nelson Mandela, the Foundation’s patron.

The Mandela Rhodes Foundation was established in 2003 when The Rhodes Trust, entered into apartnership with the Nelson Mandela Foundation. The central purpose of the Foundation is to build exceptional leadership capacity in Africa through its various leadership development and training programmes. The Mandela Rhodes Scholarshipsprogramme is the signature programmeofthe Foundation, offering educational opportunities to all African citizens under the age of 30, with scholastic, intellectual and leadership potential to study at suitable tertiary institutions in South Africa or other African countries.

The Trustees recognise The Mandela Rhodes Foundation as uniquely well-placed within Africa to undertake the organisation of ascholarship programme, as its achievements already confirm and as the character of the current scholars so clearly demonstrates.

The two Leverhulme Funded Scholars for 2009 have now been Mr Nelson Mandela, the Foundation’s patron. announced. They are Teddy Ngoumandjoka who will be studying aBSc Honours in Computing and Aalyia Sadruddin, who will be studying aBAHonours in Population and Demography.

More details on the work of the Foundation can be found at www.mandelarhodes.org

Teddy Ngoumandjoka was born in Libreville, Gabon and is currently completing his final year of aBachelor of Computing degree at Monash University in Johannesburg, and intends to commence an Honours degree in this field next year.Teddy has held leadership roles in his church, most notably heading agroup dealing with AIDS orphans; and has also been involved with community outreach programmes that harness volunteer workers.

Aalyia Sadruddin was born in Kismu, Kenya and is currently studying towards a BA degree in Sociology at the University of Witwatersand. Apart from high academic results Aalyia has also been atutor in Medical Anthropology and Sociology of Africa at her university.Every holidayshe works with the Shia Ismaili MuslimCommunity Youth Programme in her home town in Kenya where she deals with HIV+ infants, most of whom are orphans. Aalyia has apassionate vision for improving the lives of Africa’s people and hopes to make adifference in her world, specifically in the field of Socio-Medicine.

41

Awards made in 2008 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:07 Page 44

Awards made in 2008

DirectAwardsin2008

Awards made directly by the Trustees.

The number in parenthesesafter the amountofthe award is its durationinmonths.

RESEARCH PROGRAMME The Mandela Rhodes Foundation Dr Saeid Sanei GRANTS Mandela Rhodes Scholarships Cardiff University £2,500,000 (60) Time-frequency basedparticle filtering Dr Alan Cromartie for mental fatigue analysis TheUniversityofReading £54,217 (36) The liberal way of war: strategy, RESEARCH PROJECT GRANTS ideology,representations Dr Kevin Thwaites £610,874 (60) Applied sciences(including University of Sheffield architecture) Experiential landscape: asocially Professor Miles Hewstone responsive approach to open space University of Oxford Professor Charles Cockell analysis £156,640 (24) Ethno-religious diversity and social trust Open University in residential and educational settings Micro-organisms in civil engineering Dr Thomas JJoyce £1,008,235 (60) £69,953 (36) NewcastleUniversity Design and manufacture of asimulator Professor Maggi Savin-Baden Dr John Cunningham for testing shoulder prostheses Coventry University University of Leeds £151,449 (30) Thesocio-political impact of virtual On-chip terahertz time-domain world learning on higher education spectroscopy of single-crystal proteins Dr Simon Harper £513,310 (48) £213,087 (36) University of Manchester SCweb2: senior citizens and the web 2.0 £112,187 (24)

Professor Dan Nicolau University of Liverpool Fungal behaviour in microfluidics structures £176,160 (36)

Professor Peter Markowich Cambridge University Kineticand mean field partial differential models for socio-economic processes £222,478 (36)

Dr Susan Jobling Brunel University Modelling and mimicking the effects of pollution from molluscs to men £190,430 (36) Second Life: problem-based learninginvirtualinteractive worlds. The Coventry building on Coventry island in SL. Dr Kirsty JPark University of Stirling Professor Lin Foxhall Dr PaulKemp Assessing the effects of micro-turbines TheUniversityofLeicester University of Southampton on urban wildlife £102,182 (24) Tracing networks: craft traditions in the Bridging the gap betweenfish behaviour ancient Mediterranean and beyond and hydraulics Dr Selina Stead £1,729,180 (60) £69,282 (36) NewcastleUniversity Poverty eradication through aquaculture £198,356 (36) INTERNATIONAL AWARDS Dr Christian Langton University of Hull Professor Frederic FolLeymarie Leverhulme-Royal Society Africa Awards Ultrasound propagation through Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondon Collaborative research between African cancellous bone, acomplexporous Arts computing study into the process and British teams working in Ghana composite involved in sketching faces and Tanzania £3,320,000 (60) £82,027 (24) £100,502 (36)

44 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:07 Page 45

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Dr Paul Jeffrey Cranfield University Graphtheoretic approaches to improving water service infrastructure robustness £78,450 (24)

Basic sciences

Dr Rosalind Allen UniversityofEdinburgh Self-sustaining microbial ecosystems: robustness to environmental change £98,138 (12)

Dr Steven Allin LoughboroughUniversity New and highly flexible routes to access novel materials £74,860 (24)

Dr Inge Armbrecht Universidad delValle Ecological services by ants in rehabilitatedcoal mine sites of Eggs (not to scale) from left to right top to bottom are: Greater bird of paradise Paradisaea apoda;Spotted Guajiram, Colombia £12,418 (12) bowerbird Chlamydera maculate;Guira cuckoo Guira guira;Common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus; Pentland’s tinamou Tinamotis pentlandii;Brownish-flanked bush warbler Cettia fortipes. Professor Mark Blamire UniversityofCambridge Professor David Goulson Dr Peter Nellist Theexchange interaction of University of Stirling University of Oxford antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic Nesting ecology of bumblebees revealed Scanning confocal electron microscopy nanocomposites by sniffer dog detection of nests for 3D imaging and analysis materials £88,810 (24) £111,956 (36) £90,272 (24)

Dr Ian Bull Dr Jim Groombridge Professor Steven Phillipps UniversityofBristol University of Kent University of Bristol Chemical investigation of animal MHC diversity and emerging infectious Dwarf Galaxies in the Hubble Space digestive systems in the fossil record disease in parrot populations on Telescope Coma Cluster Treasury £89,142 (24) Mauritius £215,621 (36) Survey £124,606 (36)

Dr Glenn Burley Dr Judith Hosie UniversityofLeicester University of Aberdeen How is RNA splicing regulated? An Novelty-seeking, self-regulation and risky behaviour in adolescence integrated chemical biology approach £78,002 (24) £133,608 (36) Dr Eugenie Hunsicker Dr Phillip Cassey Loughborough University University of Birmingham Spectral analysis, dynamics and To whom does the eggshell signal? quantum physics on noncompact Contrast and perception of avian eggs manifolds £111,941 (36) £85,573 (24) Professor Robert Logie Dr David Evans University of Edinburgh Oxford BrookesUniversity Multitasking: an experimental study of Evidence for the LINC complex in plants the complexities of everyday cognition £135,990 (36) £110,475 (24) The central region of the Coma galaxy cluster as Dr Simon Goodwin Dr Paula Mendes seen with the Sloan Sky Digital Survey.The two most massive elliptical galaxies are near the centre, University of Sheffield University of Birmingham surrounded by many smaller galaxies. Afew Comparing grid- and particle-based Smart switchable biological surfaces foreground stars from our own Milky Waycan also simulations £97,636 (36) £135,920 (36) be seen. (Image ©The SDSS Collaboration, www.sdss.org)

45 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:07 Page 46

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Dr Jon Pittman UniversityofManchester Evaluation of metal transporters as targets for phytoremediation in algae £135,598 (36) Professor David Saad Aston University Noisy computation in Boolean functions –astatistics physics view £135,111 (36)

Dr William Sellers UniversityofManchester Size dependent energetics of bipedal locomotion: the role of elastic mechanisms £143,145 (36)

Fossil deep-sea (scleraxonian) corals dredged from the deep Southern Ocean, Pacific sector (~123ºW,~69ºS). These corals are very different from more familiar tropical shallow water corals, and grow in the darkness of the deep (1500-2000m) Southern Ocean in water that is only 1°C. (Photograph courtesy of Shipboard Scientific Party ANTARKTIS-XXIII/IV)

Dr Anna Amtmann Professor Stephen Donkin UniversityofGlasgow University of York Remember last time? Stress memory Invarianttheory and applications and its relation to stress intolerance in £134,741 (36) plants £223,446 (36) Dr Walter Federle University of Cambridge Dr Evelyn Buckwar Nepenthes pitchertraps and Heriot-WattUniversity counteradaptations of specialised ants One year old emu at the AERP field station, La Trobe Investigation of stability issues for SDEs £129,212 (36) University,Melbourne, Australia. This animal was and for numerical algorithms for SDEs filmed as part of astudy on the energetic efficiency of running in large animals. (Photograph by Peter Tickle) £77,480 (24)

Professor Lesley Cohen Dr Anne Richards Imperial College London BirkbeckCollege, London Defectsin2Dfrustrated prototype spin Dualroutes to inattentional blindness: ice systems limited resources or inhibition? £187,689 (36) £67,660 (18) Professor Andrew Cooper Dr Derek Vance University of Liverpool UniversityofBristol Microporous organic polymers for Using deep-sea corals to test the role of ambient temperature gas storage deep Southern Ocean regulating CO2 £213,495 (36) £161,477 (36)

Dr Landis West Professor Robin Huw Crompton University of Leeds University of Liverpool Electrical monitoring of biostimulation Pads vClaws in arboreal locomotion: to remediate subsurface contamination mechanics of predator-prey £89,308 (24) relationships £221,466 (36) Dr Andrew Wilson University of Leeds Professor Trevor Dale Insect-trapping pitcher plant (Nepenthes bicalcarata) in apeat swamp forest in Borneo. The wet, Orthogonal assembly of hydrogen- Cardiff University microstructured surface of the pitcher rim (inset) is bonding modules for information Engineering proteinfibres with nucleic extremely slippery for most insect visitors, but not processing £75,595 (36) acids £149,391 (36) for the specialised ant, Camponotus Schmitzi. (Photographer: Holger Bohn)

46 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:07 Page 47

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Dr Franca Fraternali Dr Juliet Coates Professor Simon Bending King's College London University of Birmingham University of Bath Role of surfaceflexibility in protein Evolution of aprotein family: armadillo- Hybrid spintronic devices; driven spin- interaction networks related genes in moss charge texture in magnetic £140,383 (36) £256,708 (36) semiconductors £209,818 (36)

Professor Susan Gathercole Dr Graeme Sarson Professor Timothy Birkhead University of York NewcastleUniversity University of Sheffield Theimpact of training on everyday use Mathematical models for the developed The history of modern ornithology from of working memory in the classroom Neolithic 1920-present £182,697 (36) £135,059 (36) £137,960 (36) Dr Benjamin WTatler Dr Juan Antonio Valiente Kroon Dr Amalia Patanè University of Dundee QueenMary, University of London University of Nottingham Remembering where: exploring why Analysis of initial data at isotropic Colloidal nanocrystals for life-sciences position memory is poor for dynamic singularities and its evolution and electronics movie sequences £117,755 (36) £83,732 (24) £139,487 (36) Dr Patricia Hunt Dr Adrian Linacre Dr Jonathan Yearsley Clark Imperial College London University of Strathclyde University of Surrey Newways to elucidate the electronic IdentificationofCITES in listed species Morphometric herbarium image data structure of solutes and solvents in traditional East Asian medicines analysis £189,113 (36) £126,921 (36) £118,979 (36)

Professor Graeme DRuxton University of Glasgow Missing midges: afirst field demonstration of predator confusion £43,495 (12)

Dr Ari Sadnandom University of Glasgow Ubiquitinated suppressorsofplant immunity £97,497 (24)

Dr Karl Sandeman University of Cambridge Towards magnetic refrigeration: magnetostriction and spin states in Co- Mn-Si £14,880 (24)

Dr Vincent Savolainen Imperial College London Global patterns of diversification and Trained initially as abotanist, and currently alecturer in the Department of Computing, University of Surrey, Dr Clark is ideally placed to concentrate his research on the interface between Taxonomic Biology and Computer dispersalinmonocotyledonous plants Science. £228,709 (36)

Professor Joe Silk Dr Paul Neve Professor Jacob Koella University of Oxford UniversityofWarwick Imperial College London Citizen Science: image processing via Experimental evolutionofresistance to On theuse of microsporidians as the wisdom of crowds herbicides in chlamydomonas effective and evolution-proof malaria £230,272 (36) reinharditii £183,962 (36) control £142,717 (36)

Professor David Smith Professor Andrew Adamatzky Dr John Carr University of York Universityofthe West of England UniversityofCambridge Insights into chemical evolution– Mouldintelligence: biological Subversion of insect resistance by plant amplification/catalysis in gel formation amorphous robots viruses: accident or targeted attack? £123,370 (36) £228,106 (36) £150,723 (36)

47 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:07 Page 48

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Dr Stephen Alexander Rolfe Dr TomSheppard Fine and performing arts UniversityofSheffield University College London Clubroot-induced gall formation Adomino approach to medium ring Professor David Mayer £218,075 (36) synthesis £71,358 (36) UniversityofManchester James Winston and The Theatric Tourist Dr Charlotte Williams research project £36,470 (18) Imperial College London Economics, business studies, Newbimetallic catalysts for the industrial relations Ms Emma Redding copolymerisation of carbon dioxide and Trinity Laban epoxides £100,941 (24) Dr Carlo Morelli Theidentification and development of UniversityofDundee contemporary dance talent in young Professor John Doonan Jute and Dundee: the management of people JohnInnes Institute industrial decline £128,910 (36) £183,917 (40) Using brachypodium as amodel to Dr Kirstie Ball study adaptation, growth and evolution Dr Francis Li Open University in grass £154,782 (36) University of Salford Taking liberties? New uses of consumer Synthesized music for room acoustic data in the UK £166,188 (36) Professor Alexander Shluger measurement £65,164 (36) UniversityCollege London Multiscalemodelling technique for Professor Alan Gregory Ms Emma Redding designing organic/inorganic interfaces UniversityofExeter Trinity Laban £154,731 (36) Managerial trading as an indicator of value-enhancingtakeovers £78,135 (24) Music&dance Science: optimizing performance potential Professor John Altringham Dr Martin Weale £54,109 (24) UniversityofLeeds National InstituteofEconomicSocial Mapping migration patterns of bats Research Professor Nigel Llewellyn using stable isotopes and genetics The effects of decision-making myopia £144,400 (36) Tate on private provisions for retirement 'Art School Educated': curriculum £85,696 (12) Dr Carmen Solana change in UK artschools 1960-2010 UniversityofPortsmouth Dr Ana Marr £468,471 (48) Forecasting lava flow field evolution to University of Greenwich mitigate lave invasion hazards Optimising the dual goals of £63,420 (36) microfinance: asocial network analysis Humanities and simulation £202,872 (36) Dr Nick Tomkinson Professor Richard Clayton Beacham Cardiff University Dr Grant Pooke King's College London Organocatalyticdihydroxylation of University of Kent RomanVilla of Oplontis project: alkenes £85,404 (24) Soviet and Comintern poster archive computer 3D modelling and associated c1919-1980: research and cataloguing databases Dr Mairi Knight project £36,169 (12) £124,974 (27) University of Plymouth Neutral versus functional genetic diversity: anew conservation genetic agenda £72,990 (18)

Dr Chris Garner Nottingham Trent University P-Chiral Phosphines:resolutions with acyl phosphines £92,687 (24)

Dr Juliet Clare Pickering Imperial College London Laboratory spectroscopy with applications to ancientearth- atmosphere studies £94,090 (24)

Dr Andrew Ferguson UniversityofCambridge Quantumcoherence of electron spins in silicon quantum dots £75,075 (36) The Roman Villa at Oplontis, Room 23. Visualisation by Martin Blazeby,King's College London, 2009.

48 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:07 Page 49

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Professor Matthew Hilton UniversityofBirmingham Non-governmental organisations in Britain, 1945-1997 £440,605 (42)

Professor Wilfred Lambert UniversityofBirmingham Acritical edition of Mesopotamian creation myths £73,555 (24)

Dr Paul Barry Pettitt UniversityofSheffield Archaeology of the body: the performance of European Upper Palaeolithic cave art £112,425 (36)

Dr John Strachan UniversityofSunderland Consumer culture, advertising and literature in Ireland 1848-1904 Dr Paul Pettitt working on the Upper Palaeolithic cave art in Praeleaitz Cave, Pays Basque, Spain. £250,328 (36) Professor Geoffrey RSwain Dr Susan Whitfield Professor Douglas Davies University of Glasgow BritishLibrary UniversityofDurham Re-educatingLatgale youth: the Apalaeographic study of the Chinese Cremation in Scotland £236,428 (36) Komsomol and schooling in Soviet and Tibetan manuscripts from the Latvia, 1944-59 £60,172 (36) Dunhuang collections £186,892 (24) Professor Viv Edwards University of Reading Professor Clive Upton Dr Spike Bucklow Interdisciplinary perspectives on African University of Leeds University of Cambridge language publishing for children Voices of the UK: an original resource of Atechnical and art historical study of £119,502 (24) linguists and social historians medieval East Anglian rood screens £225,559 (36) £118,974 (36) Dr Jane Geddes University of Aberdeen The buildings of Scotland: Aberdeenshire &North-East Scotland £231,160 (36)

Professor Dina Iordanova UniversityofStAndrews Dynamics of world cinema: transnational channels of global film circulation £241,011 (30)

Dr Felicity Rash QueenMary, University of London The discourse of German nationalism and anti-Semitism 1871-1924 £184,755 (36)

Dr Gabriella Rundblad King's College London Language,cognition and compliance £98,240 (22)

Dr Leigh Shaw-Taylor University of Cambridge Theoccupationalstructure of England and Wales 1379 -c.1729 This manuscript (Or.8210/S.5433)dates back to the 10th century,containing, in Chinese, an apocryphal £505,300 (36) Buddhist sutra on longevity and several Buddhist prayers. (Image is courtesy of the International Dunhauang Project (IDP) ©The British Library)

49 Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Professor Carole Rawcliffe Dr Don Operario Dr Karen McComb UniversityofEastAnglia Wolfson College, Oxford University of Sussex Completion of the Norfolk volumes of Caring for children orphaned by AIDS in Age and experience as determinants of the Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa acquired knowledge in anon-human £96,888 (24) £98,212 (24) mammal £174,892 (36) Dr Helen Parish Professor Gordon Clark UniversityofReading UniversityofOxford Professor Nicholas Barton The Parker Certificates: the state of the The geopolitics and governance of University of Oxford English clergy in 1559 £43,117 (24) sovereign wealth funds Cemeteries and sedentism in the £110,724 (24) epipalaeolithic of North Africa Dr Ludovica Serratrice UniversityofManchester £249,459 (36) Understanding language Professor Nick Crossley comprehension in bilingual children University of Manchester Professor Marjorie Weiss £69,051 (18) Networks, protests and students: the University of Bath politicising effects of campus The sociology of prescribing: what can Professor Orlando Figes connections we learn from new prescribers? Birkbeck College £74,793 (24) £167,765 (32) TheMishchenko-Ivanova correspondence £33,740 (12) Dr Anja Eller Professor Ian Douglas Whyte University of St Andrews University of Lancaster Embarrassment: intra- and inter-group Post-medieval vegetation change and Law,politics, international dynamics £123,391 (36) grazing management in an upland relations landscape £150,845 (36) Dr James Kennedy Mr Philip Cowley University of Edinburgh Professor Allan Kellehear UniversityofNottingham American liberalism and post-war University of Bath The British General Election 2008-9-10 multiethnic settlements in East Central End-of-life practices in the Republic of £43,201 (30) Europe £133,478 (24) Moldova £62,200 (18) Dr David Galbreath UniversityofAberdeen Professor Guy Robinson Professor Ann Colley The European national minority rights Kingston University University of Leicester regime: interests, power and knowledge Lifestyles and life-courses: the social Public sporting role models, sports £98,205 (24) context of household waste interest and sport participationamong management young people Dr Daniele Albertazzi £200,016 (36) £36,454 (12) UniversityofBirmingham Regionalist vs. Nationalist populists in power: actions and reactions £62,478 (28)

Professor Philip Leach LondonMetropolitanUniversity Responding adequately to systematic human rights violations in Europe £65,433 (12)

Professor John Maloney UniversityofExeter Voting behaviour,party strategy and economic voting £35,817 (24)

Social studies (incl. anthropology, geography and social psychology)

Dr Rhys Jones UniversityofWales, Aberystwyth Time-spacesofsoft paternalism in the UK: state, governmentality,citizenship £109,179 (36) Cemeteries and sedentism in the epipalaeolithic of North Africa –Iberomaurusian human burials under excavation. (Image credit: Ian Cartwright; ©Institute of Archaeology)

50 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:09 Page 51

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Professor Neville JFord Humanities UniversityofChester Numerical &analytical solution of Dr Alice Bell stochastic delay in differential models Sheffield Hallam University £29,487 (36) Digital Fiction International Network £15,561 (12) Professor John ADupré UniversityofExeter Questioning the Tree of Life £71,619 (24)

Dr Doerthe Tetzlaff University of Aberdeen The Liverpool Blitz: ARP (air raid precaution) Northern watershed ecosystem wardens and firemen at the scene of ablaze at West response to climate change Brunswick dock, where John Holt's Shed was destroyed, 27 September 1940. (Image reproduced £122,620 (36) with kind permission from Merseyside Police) Dr David Werner Newcastle University Dr Peter Adey Improved biogeochemical models of UniversityofKeele the pollutant fate in sediment Mobility,regulation and control in a £81,847 (24) time of terror: The Liverpool Blitz £85,740 (16) Dr Antonio Ioris UniversityofAberdeen Transparent computer screen. The Digital Fiction International Network provides an arena for anew Sustainable management of water in generation of scholars to explore pioneering Education the Pantanal (South American wetland) approaches in literary studies; looking at fiction £14,600 (36) written in hypertext with accompanying image, film Dr John Hardcastle and sound. (Image ©Kogakurechotda, 2005) UniversityofLondon Social change and English: astudy of Fine and performing arts three English departments 1945-1965 £244,858 (36) Professor James Thompson Professor Laurence Goldstein UniversityofManchester UniversityofKent In place of war: theatre, performance Exploitation of context in INTERNATIONAL NETWORKS and war research and practice Network communication £91,724 (36) £42,135 (36) Applied sciences (including architecture)

Professor Simone Hochgreb UniversityofCambridge Stratified combustion network £65,900(36)

Basic sciences

Dr Carlo de Lillo UniversityofLeicester Determinants of global and local visual processing advantage in humans and capuchin monkeys £71,753 (36)

Dr Ferruccio Renzoni UniversityCollege London Brownian motors,disorder and synchronization to an optical lattice £21,600 (36) Professor Ferruccio Renzoni with the experimental set up used to investigate phenomena of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics with cold-atoms.

51 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:09 Page 52

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Professor Suman Gupta Social studies (incl. Fine and performing arts Open University anthropology,geography,social English studies in East European higher psychology) Professor Stephen Parker education: post-accession Bulgaria and UniversityofManchester Romania £19,015 (16) Dr Harriet Bulkeley Bertolt Brecht: alife UniversityofDurham £119,618 (36) Dr John Hyman Transnational climate change Queen's College, Oxford governance Professor Brian Cummings Rethinking thephilosophy of action £96,374 (30) UniversityofSussex £20,063 (30) The confessions of Shakespeare Mr Peter Tatham £131,691 (36) Dr Pierre Larrivee Cranfield University AstonUniversity TheHumanitarian Logistics Network Cycles of grammaticalisation: £5,350 (36) Humanities comparative views on the history of negation £86,043 (24) Dr Kay Tisdall Professor Martin Thomas University of Edinburgh UniversityofExeter Dr Neelam Srivastava Theorising children's participation: Empire protest and police repression: Newcastle University learning across countries and across political economies of colonial Research Network in postcolonial disciplines violence translation: the case of South Asia £91,327 (24) £121,738 (36) £65,072 (36) Dr Laura Lynn Peers Professor Timothy Williamson Dr Maiken Umbach Pitt RiversMuseum, UniversityofOxford UniversityofOxford UniversityofManchester Haida material culture in British Philosophical applications of second- Relating identities: locality,region, museums: generating new forms of order modal logic nation, Empire in modern European knowledge £120,462 (36) history £69,024 (36) £104,748 (18) Dr Ingo Gildenhard Dr Peter Wagstaff Dr Jose Esteban Castro UniversityofDurham University of Bath NewcastleUniversity Ovid and the Bible: studies in the Cultural continuity in the diaspora: Paris Research network on governance and cultural imaginary of the West and Berlin in 1917-1937: the experience citizenship in water managementand of Russian Jews £60,622 (24) environmental health £109,178 (36) £124,291 (36) Professor Bob Hale Law,politics, international UniversityofSheffield relations Modality,ontology,mathematics, MAJOR RESEARCH abstraction Professor James Connelly £93,678 (24) UniversityofHull FELLOWSHIPS International Network for the study of Professor Roderick Beaton ethics education in the military Applied sciences (including King's College London £82,163 (36) architecture) Byron’swar: the Greek revolution and the English Romantic imagination Professor Costas Douzinas Professor Neil Jackson £136,476 (36) Birkbeck,UniversityofLondon UniversityofLiverpool Between cosmopolitanism &empire: Japan and the West: an architectural Europe, human rights, sovereignty dialogue Professor Saki Dockrill £93,520 (36) £79,740 (24) King's College London Impossible victory: Japaninthe pacific war and its contemporary legacy Economics, business studies, Economics, business studies, £136,951 (36) industrial relations industrial relations Professor Michael Bentley Dr Gill Kirton Professor Andres Rodriguez-Pose UniversityofStAndrews Queen Mary,UniversityofLondon LondonSchoolofEconomics Divided by acommon past: a Women and trade union leadership Decentralisation and economic comparative historiography of the development in comparative context development modern West £111,569 (24) £156,504 (36) £136,544 (36)

52 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:09 Page 53

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Professor Roger Pearson UniversityofOxford Orpheus or Moses? The poet as lawgiver in 19th-century French literature £79,519 (24)

Professor Catherine Merridale QueenMary, University of London The Kremlin: acultural history since 1156 £145,077 (36)

Professor Guy Halsall University of York Thetransformations of the year 600 £139,475 (36)

Law,politics, international relations

Professor Andrew Mason UniversityofSouthampton Rethinking citizenship £75,406 (24) Professor Chris Reed Electroencephalography (EEG) –recording the electrical activity produced by the brain –was used to look at Queen Mary,UniversityofLondon how children with and without dyslexia process auditory signals –measuring rhythmic auditory cues important to both language and music perception. Law 2.0 –effective lawmaking for cyberspace £95,549 (24) Professor Usha Goswami Dr Wendy Bracewell UniversityofCambridge UniversityCollege London Dr Allan Beever Dyslexia:anew theoretical framework: EastEuropean travel writing and the UniversityofDurham rhythmic perception, music and invention of Europe The history of private law theory language £88,305 (24) £68,631 (24) £90,959 (24)

Professor Greg DWoolf University of St Andrews Seedbed of religions £139,408 (36)

Professor Steven French University of Leeds Physical structuralism: its historical origins and future development £85,421 (24)

Professor Robert Bartlett University of St Andrews The Cult of the Saints from the Martyrs to the reformation £129,620 (36)

Professor John Nicholas Postgate University of Cambridge Thehistory and archaeologyof government in the ancient Near East £148,526 (36) The Moscow Kremlin: Catherine Merridale's new project explores the iconic heart of Russian political culture through eight hundred years of its history.

53 Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Dr Stephen Hopgood Mr Tim Roberts Dr Colin Lawson School of Oriental and African Studies Circus Space RoyalCollege of Music Empire of the international New circus director/choreographer Leverhulme ChamberMusic Junior £132,203 (36) programme £79,542 (36) Fellowships £53,272 (36) Professor Marie-Bénédicte Dembour UniversityofSussex Ms Veronica Jobbins Trinity Laban Migrants have human rights too: critical Mr Craig Bird Dancebursaries for young people with perspectives on the Strasbourg case law ProCorda Trust exceptional talent and potential £127,085 (36) ProCorda Bursary Fund £48,000 (36) £148,050 (36) Dr David Runciman UniversityofCambridge Ms Karen Humphreys Democracyand disaster: apolitical and RoyalNorthern College of Music Professor Jonathan Freeman-Attwood intellectual history £145,694 (36) Bursarysupport for musicians aged 8to RoyalAcademy of Music 18 to attend the Junior RNCM Leverhulme Conducting Fellowships £60,000 (36) £54,000 (36) Regional studies Mr Mark Segal Professor Yongnian Zheng Ms Purni Morell TheArtSway Trust UniversityofNottingham RoyalNationalTheatre TheArtSway Associate Artists The Organisational Emperorship: a Leverhulme bursary for emerging programme £90,000 (36) cultural theory of the Chinese directors Communist Party £138,513 (36) £79,500 (36) Ms Niki Furley Edinburgh InternationalFestival Social studies (incl. National TheatreofScotland and Ms Karen Gallagher anthropology,geography,social Edinburgh International Festival Merseyside DanceInitiative psychology) emergent directors Summer School Dance Intensives 2 £32,250 (36) £19,125 (24) Professor Jacqueline O'Reilly UniversityofBrighton Challenging the gender contract: changing work and welfare in Europe £132,269 (36)

Professor Perri 6 NottinghamTrent University Unanticipatedpolicy consequences of contrasting styles of political judgment £113,470 (36)

TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Sir David Wallace University of Cambridge Newton InstituteVisiting Fellowships £244,500 (36)

Ms Anita Crowe AldeburghMusic Bursaries for Britten-Pears Orchestra £159,000 (36)

Mr Chris Pirie Green Ginger Toast in the machine –professional development and mentoring for young puppeteers £21,500 (18) Aproduction shot from Jidariyya by the Palestinian National Theatre, directed by Amir Nizar Zuabi one of the directors the emergent directors’ met. (Image credit: Fima Barablat)

54 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:09 Page 55

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

ARTISTS IN RESIDENCE Jane Borodale VISITING FELLOWSHIPS Weald &Downland Open Air Museum Tony White Creative writing £12,350 (10) Each university receives two grants of SSEES,UCL £29,630 over 12 months. Writing £11,300 (9) Nicolas Moulin DepartmentofFrench, University of Professor Noel Lloyd Rita Duffy Sheffield AberystwythUniversity £59,260 (12) UniversityofUlster Cross-media £12,500 (3) Drawing/painting £12,000 (8) Professor Julian Crampton Chila Kumari Burman Brighton University £59,260 (12) Rona Lee School of Social Sciences,Universityof NationalOceanographyCentre, East London Professor Chris Jenks University of Southampton Print/paint/photography Brunel University £59,260 (12) Photography/video/sculpture £11,820 (10) £12,300 (12) Sir Alan Langlands Tim Whitehead Dundee University £59,260 (12) Victoria Bernie Tate ScottishAssociation of Marine Science Musicalcomposition Professor Janet Finch Moving images £12,495 (10) KeeleUniversity £59,260 (12) £12,500 (10) Grennan and Sperandio Professor Gerald Pillay Phillip Warnell Grosvenor Museum LiverpoolHopeUniversity DepartmentofHistory,Universityof Various £12,490 (12) £59,260 (12) Warwick Various £12,500 (10) Sholto Kynoch Professor Deian Hopkin SchoolofModern Languages, Bangor London SouthBankUniversity Alexander Hamilton University £59,260 (12) Ruskin Foundation and Brantwood Trust Song accompaniment and chamber Cyanotype £12,500 (8) music Professor Joan Stringer £11,800 (10) Napier University £59,260 (12)

Henry Tietzsch-Tyler Dr Peter Noyes LeedsHumanitiesResearchInstitute, NewportUniversity £59,260 (12) UniversityofLeeds Painting and installation Mrs Ann Tate £12,500 (10) Northampton University £59,260 (12)

Richard Weedon Professor Richard Barnett Department of EarthSciences, University Ulster University £59,260 (12) College London Photography Professor David Green £12,079(10) Worcester University £59,260(12)

Ruth Padel Christ’s College, University of Cambridge VISITING PROFESSORSHIPS Poetry/novels £11,080(10) Applied sciences (including architecture) Jai Redman School of Geography, University of Leeds Professor Sir Richard Sykes Visual arts Imperial College London £12,100(6) ProfessorArthur Heuer £16,000 (4)

Professor Spencer Sherwin TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Imperial College London PRIZES Dr Robert MichaelKirby £49,465 (7)

Dr.ir.BHoex Professor Glynn Winskel The cyanotype technique involves placing aplant Eindhoven UniversityofTechnology UniversityofCambridge directly onto prepared watercolour paper and then 70,000 Dr Pierre-Louis Curien £17,400(6) allowing the sun to draw out the image.

55 5688 LEVERHULME REPORT 2008:10760 Annual report 2005 20/8/09 07:09 Page 56

Awards made in 2008

Direct Awards in 2008

Professor Sarah Spurgeon Dr Robert Stockman Law,politics, international UniversityofKent UniversityofNottingham relations Professor Vadim Utkin £21,302 (3) Professor GVassilikogiannakis £10,768 (6) Dr Camilla Andersen Basic sciences University of Leicester Dr Adrianne Slyz Professor Larry DiMatteo Sir Roy MAnderson UniversityofOxford £5,446 (3) Imperial College London Dr Christophe Pichon £30,760 (10) ProfessorMichael Thorpe Mr AAS Zuckerman £63,000 (10) University of Oxford Humanities Professor Janet Walker £22,700 (3) Dr Stefano Bagnulo ArmaghObservatory Professor William Chapman Professor John DLandstreet UniversityofReading Medicine, health £13,400 (8) Professor Margaret Alison Wylie £51,663 (6) Professor Pam Smith Professor Cameron McLeod UniversityofSurrey University of Sheffield Professor Rowland Wymer Professor Tina Koch £59,814 (10) Professor Vassili Karanassios Anglia Ruskin University £17,400 (3) Professor Gyorgy Szonyi £54,396 (10) Dr Susan Corr UniversityofNorthampton Dr Sanjeev Gupta Professor Vincent Gillespie Professor Doris Pierce Imperial College London UniversityofOxford £30,443 (4) ProfessorChristopherPaola Professor David Lawton £68,880 (10) £14,858 (3) Professor Patrick KO'Brien Fine and performing arts Dr Isaac Chenchiah LondonSchoolofEconomics andPolitical University of Bristol Science Professor Maria Delgado Professor ChristopherLarsen Professor Bozhong Li £45,836 (6) Queen Mary,UniversityofLondon £22,000 (8) Professor Bonnie Marranca Professor Axel Muller £22,356 (4) Professor Neville JFord UniversityofLeeds UniversityofChester Professor Steven A. Walton Professor Eugene Tyrtyshnikov £42,360 (6) Economics, business studies, £24,256 (4) industrial relations Dr Stephen Hannahs Dr Elaine Crooks Newcastle University Dr Jane Binner University of Swansea ProfessorDonna Jo Napoli UniversityofAston Professor Edward Norman Dancer £45,955 (7) Dr Richard Anderson £22,960 (8) £17,300 (4) Dr Alastair Renfrew Professor Stephen RElliott Dr Leigh Shaw-Taylor UniversityofDurham University of Cambridge UniversityofCambridge Professor Vitali Makhlin £14,675 (4) ProfessorDavid Alan Drabold ProfessorOsamu Saito £18,400 (7) £83,910 (10) Professor Julian Savulescu Professor Andrew Godley Professor David Cockayne UniversityofOxford UniversityofReading University of Oxford Professor Allen Buchanan Dr Ian Hunter £53,864 (10) Professor Michael Treacy £47,406 (10) £28,845 (4)

ProfessorChristopher Thomas Professor Stephen Laurence Education University of Aberystwyth UniversityofSheffield Professor Pim Martens £11,818 (3) Professor Stephen Stich £13,190 (3) Professor Richard Andrews InstituteofEducation,Universityof Professor Martin Siegert Professor Mark Connelly London University of Edinburgh UniversityofKent Professor Caroline Haythornthwaite Professor Peter Clark £21,990 (3) Professor William Nasson £72,881 (10) £64,280 (10)

Professor Paul French Dr Sarah Hudspith Professor David Phillips Imperial College London UniversityofLeeds UniversityofOxford Professor LauraMarcu £19,900 (4) Professor Helen Goscilo £28,335 (4) Professor Carole Hahn £20,000 (7)

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Awards made in 2008

Philip Leverhulme Prizes

The Philip Leverhulme Prizes, are awarded to outstanding young scholars who have made asubstantial and recognised contribution to their particular field of study,are recognised at an international level, and whose future contributions are held to be of correspondingly high promise. In 2008, the Leverhulme Trustees were pleased to announce the following winners:

Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Medieval, Early Modern, And Dr Harald Helfgott Sciences Modern History UniversityofBristol Number theory,diophantine geometry Dr Stephen Barker Dr Filippo de Vivo and group theory £70,000 (24) Cardiff University UniversityofLondon Palaeoceanography and Early modern European history, Dr Jared Tanner palaeoclimatology £70,000(24) especially Italy and the republic of TheUniversityofEdinburgh Venice £70,000 (24) Numerical analysis £70,000 (24) Dr Alan Haywood UniversityofLeeds Dr Caroline Humfress Professor Andreas Winter Palaeoclimatology£70,000 (24) UniversityofLondon UniversityofBristol Early medieval history,legal history and the Quantum information £70,000 (24) Dr Heiko Pälike early Christian church £70,000 (24) UniversityofSouthampton Professor Marianna Csornyei Palaeoclimatology£70,000 (24) Dr Simon MacLean UniversityCollege London UniversityofStAndrews Geometric measuretheory Dr Paul Palmer Medieval European history (8th –11th £70,000 (24) TheUniversityofEdinburgh Centuries) £70,000 (24) Climate change £70,000 (24) Zoology Dr Hannah Smith Dr William Hughes Dr Rosalind Rickaby UniversityofOxford UniversityofLeeds UniversityofOxford Early modern British history Evolutionary biology –entomology Palaeo-biogeochemistry £70,000 (24) £70,000 (24) £70,000 (24) Dr Paul Warde UniversityofEastAnglia Dr Kate EJones Professor Christian Turney The economic and environmental Zoological Society of London UniversityofExeter history of northern Europe Biodiversity science £70,000 (24) Geochronology and palaeoclimate £70,000 (24) reconstruction Dr Andrea Manica £70,000 (24) Dr William Whyte UniversityofCambridge UniversityofOxford Population biology£70,000 (24) History of Art British architectural history £70,000 (24) Dr Tommaso Pizzari Dr Jill Burke University of Oxford TheUniversityofEdinburgh Evolutionary biology £70,000 (24) The visual arts and the construction of Mathematics and Statistics identity in renaissance Italy Dr Jane Reid £70,000 (24) Dr Martin Hairer University of Aberdeen TheUniversityofWarwick Population and evolutionary ecology Dr Natasha Eaton Probability/analysis £70,000 (24) £70,000 (24) UniversityCollege London Indian and Britishcolonial art, 1700- 2008 £70,000 (24)

Dr Alexander Marr UniversityofStAndrews Art and science in early modern Europe £70,000 (24)

Dr Carol Richardson TheOpenUniversity Early modern art history £70,000 (24)

Dr Caroline Vout UniversityofCambridge Greco-Romanart and its reception £70,000 (24) Photographs comparing skulls from South Africa (right) and Australia, researching population biology.(Image ©Tsunehiko Hanihara)

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

The Trustees have approved the following awards to individuals under schemes administeredbytheir Research Awards Advisory Committee:-

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

Edwards Adams PhD Lecturer in New Testament Studies King’s College London An investigationofearly Christian meeting places

Chris Armstrong PhD Senior Lecturer,Department of Politics &International Relations University of Southampton Global egalitarianism: theories and debates

David Ayers PhD Reader in Modernism and Critical Theory University of Kent Internationalism and the idea of Europe An outdoor exhibit commemorates the centenary of the Gänsehäufel (1907), Vienna’s oldest public bathing Joanne Bailey PhD facility; located on an island in the Alte Donau (Old Danube), the river’s former main channel, which became Senior Lecturer,History Department redundant when the river was diverted into anew bed in the 1870s. (Image ©Peter Coates, January 2009) Oxford BrookesUniversity The sensibility of parenting in England, Robyn Carston PhD Peter Demian PhD 1760-1830 Professor of Linguistics Lecturer in Construction Management UniversityCollege London Loughborough University Anthony Bale DPhil Pragmaticsand semantic content Finding needles in (hierarchical) Senior Lecturer in Medieval Studies haystacks Birkbeck College, University of London Peter Coates PhD Terror,pleasure and the medieval Jewish Professor of History Giorgia Dona’ PhD image University of Bristol Reader,School of Social Sciences, Rivers: an international history Media and Cultural Studies Eric Barendt BCL University of East London Goodman Professor of Media Law, Shana Cohen PhD Bystanders to the Rwandan genocide: Faculty of Laws Lecturer in Sociology revisiting genocide narratives and University College London UniversityofSheffield reconciliation initiatives Thelaw of academic freedom Socio-structuralchange and development Elizabeth Dore PhD Professor of Latin American Studies Adam Benham PhD Becky Conekin PhD University of Southampton Senior Lecturer,Department of Principal Lecturer and Senior Research Voices from the Cuban Revolution Biological &Biomedical Sciences Fellow Durham University LondonCollege of Fashion, University of Aleksandar Dundjerovic PhD Understanding fibrinogenproduction the Arts Senior Lecturer,Department of Drama during hypoxia Model girls in London and Paris, 1947- TheUniversityofManchester 60 Contemporary Brazilian theatre devising Dianne Bowles OBE PhD Weston Chair of Biochemistry,Centre Julia Crick PhD Stephen Edwards PhD for Novel Agricultural Products Associate Professor,Department of Senior Lecturer in Art History University of York History Open University Developing novelbioactives from University of Exeter Photography and intellectual property, Artemisiaannua Script and forgery in England to AD 1100 1841-1870

Charlotte Brewer DPhil Katy Deepwell PhD Elizabeth Eger PhD Fellow of HertfordCollege and CUF Reader in Contemporary Art, Theory Lecturer in English Lecturer in English and Criticism King’s College London University of Oxford University of theArts Critical biography of Elizabeth The OED and the eighteenth century Exploring the feminist problematic in art Montague, 1718-1800

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

Andrew Erskine DPhil Ben Hatchwell PhD TomKuhn DPhil Professor of Ancient History Professor of Evolutionary Ecology Faculty Lecturer in 20th-century University of Edinburgh UniversityofSheffield German Literature and Fellow and Polybius and Rome The evolution of cooperativebreeding Tutor,StHugh’s College in birds University of Oxford Joel Felix PhD Bertolt Brecht and the pictorial ProfessorofHistory,Head of French Tim Hayward DPhil Department and Director of the Centre Professor of Environmental Political for the Advanced Study of French Theory History UniversityofEdinburgh University of Reading Global Justice, Human Rights and Fiscal originsofthe French Revolution Ecological Debt Mark Field DPhil Reader in Cell Biology,Department of Alex Henney MSc Pathology Director –EEE Limited University of Cambridge The evolution of the British electricity Endocytosis: control mechanism by Rab5 industry

José Miguel Figueroa-O’Farrill PhD John Holmwood PhD Personal Chair of Geometric Physics Professor of Sociology UniversityofEdinburgh Killing superalgebras in string theory UniversityofBirmingham Marx before “class”: the moral Karen Flikschuh PhD economy of inequality Reader in Political Theory LondonSchoolofEconomics andPolitical Rebecca Hoyle PhD Science Reader in Mathematics Kant’s philosophy of cosmopolitanism UniversityofSurrey today Dynamic modelling of the switch to Aquatic entomology: larva of amayfly (genus Ecdyonurus,family dormancy in MTB Heptageniidae), common in many streams and rivers across the YanFyodorov PhD UK and Europe. Professor of Mathematical Physics Antonio Ioris PhD University of Nottingham Jill Lancaster PhD Lecturer,Department of Geography Asingle particle in random energy Reader of Ecology UniversityofAberdeen landscapes University of Edinburgh Water politics and regulatory reform in Aquatic entomology book Kevin Gaston DPhil Lima, Peru Professor of Biodiversity and Peter Lloyd-Sherlock PhD Conservation Nancy Ireson PhD Reader in Social Development University of Sheffield Curator University of East Anglia The importance of very large protected “Independent” art in Paris, 1884-1914 Older people and international areas development Alice Gregory PhD Valentin Khoze PhD Lecturer,Department of Psychology Professor,Department of Physics Kevin Lomas PhD GoldsmithsCollege, University of London DurhamUniversity Professor and Director of the Institute Associations betweensleep, anxiety and Aspects of supersymmetry of Energy and Sustainable depression Development De Montfort University John Kieschnick PhD Advanced naturally ventilated buildings Knud Haakonssen PhD Dr Phil Reader in Buddhist Studies Professor of Intellectual History,Sussex University of Bristol Emma Loosley PhD Centre for Intellectual History The place of the past in Chinese Lecturer in History of Art University of Sussex Buddhism Editing Francis Hutcheson and Thomas TheUniversityofManchester Reid Messiah and Mahdi: Christians and Christopher Knüsel PhD Shi’a in Iran Andrew Hadfield DPhil Senior Lecturer in Biological Professor of English and Head of Anthropology Robert Lowe MA Department University of Bradford Manager,Middle East Programme University of Sussex Funerary archaeology: a Chatham House Abiography of Edmund Spenser bioarchaeological synthesis Kurdish political development in Syria

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

Dusty grains –including tiny specks of the minerals that make up crystalline and glassy silicates –can be seen blowing in the winds of aquasar,oractive black hole, in this artist's concept. The quasar is at the center of adistant galaxy.(Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech)

John Mack DPhil Patrick McGuinness DPhil Professor of World Art Studies Fellow in French, Reader in French and University of East Anglia Comparative Literature The land viewed from the sea St Anne’s College, University of Oxford Poetry andpolitics in France, 1871-1914 Richard Macphail PhD Senior Research Fellow Zoran Milutinovic PhD University College London Lecturer in Serbian and Croatian Soil micromorphology in archaeology Literature and Culture University College London Valerie Mainz PhD TheSerbian construction of Europe in Senior Lecturer,School of Fine Art, modern times History of Art and Cultural Studies, Mark Nederhof PhD University of Leeds Lecturer in Computer Science Call to arms: gloire and French University of St Andrews revolutionary art Alignmentoftextual resources Ciska KemperPhD Hugh Nimmo PhD Lecturer,School of Physics and ProfessorofPlant Biochemistry Astronomy University of Glasgow TheUniversityofManchester Organ specificity in the plant circadian Crystallization of silicates in space clock Peter Marren MSc Yaoling Niu PhD Writer on nature conservation and the Llewelyn ap Gruffudd, C17th woodcut by unknown Professor,Department of Earth Sciences artist, damaged by William Fleming’s attempts to natural environment clean it with potassium carbonate in 1869. Pasted Durham University Bugs Britannica: acultural study of into Fleming’s extra-illustrated copy of James Element distribution in subduction- invertebrates Granger’s ABiographical History of England, D23680. zone rocks ©National Portrait Gallery,London.

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

Paul Nugent PhD Andrew Plowman PhD Hilary Sapire PhD Professor of Comparative African Lecturer in German Lecturer in History History and Director of the Centre of UniversityofLiverpool BirkbeckCollege, University of London African Studies Representations of the Bundeswehr in Loyaltyand royalty in Southern Africa, UniversityofEdinburgh Germany 1860-1947 Race, taste and power: the Cape wine industry Lawrence Rainey PhD Andreas Schönle PhD Professor,Department of English Professor of Russian Queen Mary,UniversityofLondon Michelle O’Malley DPhil UniversityofYork Ruins and historical awareness in Reader The secretary in fictionand film, 1890- modern Russia UniversityofSussex 1940 Reputation, demand and quality: Philip Schwyzer PhD Florentine painting around 1500 Lynn Raphael Reed MSc Senior Lecturer,Department of English Professor of Education and Social Change UniversityofExeter Karen Page DPhil and Head of Department (Secondary Shakespeare and the Remains of Lecturer,Department of Mathematics Education and Lifelong Learning) Richard III UniversityCollege London Universityofthe West of England Mathematical models of human tumour Education, classand respect: a Jean Seaton MA dormancy sociocultural study Professor of Media History UniversityofWestminster Sarmistha Pal PhD Jennifer Richards PhD The official history of the BBC, 1974-1987 Reader,Department of Economics and Professor of Early Modern Literature Vania Sena DPhil Finance and Culture NewcastleUniversity Senior Lecturer,Aston Business School BrunelUniversity Aston University Rise of private schools and universal Diet, dialogue and the early modern body politic Innovation and productivity in the education service sector

Ian Roulstone DPhil Tony Shaw DPhil Professor of Mathematics Professor of Contemporary History, UniversityofSurrey Humanities Faculty Geometry in data assimilation and fluid UniversityofHertfordshire mechanics Cold-War Soviet and American film propaganda Dorothy Rowe PhD Senior Lecturer,Department of History Jonathan Sherratt DPhil FRSE of Art Professor, Department of Mathematics UniversityofBristol Heriot-Watt University Weimar women: photography and Mathematical modellingof modernity spatiotemporal ecology

Ilse Salberg, Mandarine 1937, gelatin silverprint. Weimar Women: Photography and Modernity. (Image ©Pascal Räderscheidt)

Lucy Peltz PhD Curator,18th-century Collections National Portrait Gallery Extra-illustration in Britain, c. 1770-1840

Jonathan Pila PhD Senior Lecturer,School of Mathematics UniversityofBristol Kapal Matha (Our Lady of Health) Church built in 1974 in afishing village in Tamil Nadu, south India. The Diophantine geometry in o-minimal church is amongst the sites considered by John Mack in achapter exploring the use and symbolism of ship structures architecture and boat references on land. (Photograph: courtesy of Lucy Blue/Jesse Ransley,Southampton University 'Boats of South Asia' study)

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

Angel Smith PhD Reader in Modern Spanish History University of Leeds The forging of the Catalan nation, 1880- 1939

Sandy Steacy PhD Professor of Earthquake Physics University of Ulster Rate-statefriction and earthquake probabilities

Julian Stallabrass PhD Reader in History of Art Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London Theimage war in the digital age The Harvard BMF Step Team rehearsing for an exhibition.

Daniel Tovey PhD Mary Vogel PhD STUDY ABROAD FELLOWSHIPS Reader in Physics Reader,School of Law University of Sheffield King’s College London Donna Berlin Dark matter searches at the Large Plea bargaining anddemocratic politics: Movement Tutor Hadron Collider US and UK LAMDA Stepping –the new rhythm of Youth Richard Toye PhD Gerd Wagner PhD Culture Senior Lecturer in History Lecturer in Medicinal Chemistry,School University of Exeter of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy David Burslem PhD The origins and impact of Churchill’s University of East Anglia Reader in Plant Sciences imperialism Novel tools for glycobiology UniversityofAberdeen Maintenance of forest biodiversity in Dmitry Turaev PhD Roger Watt PhD FRSE New Zealand Lecturer in Dynamical Systems Professor of Psychology Imperial College London University of Stirling Islandsofstability in many-particle Integration of contour information in systems human vision

Janet Ulph LLM LLM Solicitor Ruth Westgate PhD Senior Lecturer in Law Lecturer in Ancient History and Durham University Archaeology The illicit trade in cultural property Cardiff University Classicaland Hellenistic mosaics in context Michiel van den Berg PhD Professor of Pure Mathematics Alan Williams PhD UniversityofBristol Reader in Music Intersections of Brownian paths and University of Salford spectral theory Ascientific answer to Haydn’s Creation

Alexandra Villing DPhil Anna Woollams PhD Curator,Greek and Roman Department Lecturer,School of Physiological British Museum Sciences The daily grind of ancient Greece TheUniversityofManchester David Burslem's research investigates tree diversity Building aneuroanatomical model of in New Zealand forests dominated by ancient kauri William Vlcek PhD trees, such as Te Tangi oteTui Puketi illustrated reading here, the fourth largest living kauri. Lecturer in International Politics Institute of Commonwealth Studies David Worrall PhD School of Advanced Study, University of Professor and Research Leader in English Anuj Dawar PhD London NottinghamTrent University Reader in Logic Global governance of international The theatreofthe Romantic UniversityofCambridge corporatefirms transatlantic Logic, databasesand verification

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

Daniel Dorling PhD Professor of Human Geography UniversityofSheffield The transformation of equality in the rich world

Eleanor Fisher PhD Lecturer in International Development Swansea University Communities and coastal resource management

Nina Hallowell DPhil Reader in Social Sciences and Public Health UniversityofEdinburgh Cancer genetics: understanding lay and expert views

Simon Harley PhD FRSE Professor,School of Geosciences UniversityofEdinburgh Improving monazite microanalysis Sam Chapman rehearsing on the theorbo at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, Basel, Switzerland. (Image ©Henry Kunz) Nathan Hughes PhD Lecturer in Social Policy Sarah Cunningham BA Joseph Powell BA UniversityofBirmingham Training as adirector of motion picture Economic partnership agreements in Antisocial behaviour: new policies, new photography – France Uganda – Uganda profession Samuel Denton HNC/Certificate in Paul Rollier BA DREI Elizabeth THurren PhD Contemporary Dance Senior Lecturer in the History of The lived politics of Islam: Kashmiris in Dance Apprentice Network Across Pakistan – Pakistan Medicine Europe (D.A.N.C.E) – Germany OxfordBrookesUniversity Jeanne Salje MBiochem Dying for Victorian medicine: English Alex Grainger BA MSc Investigating bacterial plasmid-DNA anatomy and its trade in the dead poor, How do political transitions affect segregation using cryoelectron 1870-1929 religious institutions – East Timor tomography – Japan Robert Istepanian PhD Hazel Haddon BA Professor of Data Communications Middle East studies MA – Egypt Holly Stephens BA Kingston University, London MA in Korean studies – SouthKorea Astudy on UK and Canadian Simon Hewitt Jones BMus DipRAM perspectives on mobile healthcare Twoyear performance diploma in Berlin David Symington BSc systems and applications – Germany MA in international relations – Italy

Eric Kaufmann PhD Alexandra Jenkins BA Reader in Politics and Sociology MA in international affairs – Italy EMERITUS FELLOWSHIPS BirkbeckCollege, University of London Religion and identity in international Stephan Licha BA MA Professor Ewan Anderson PhD PhD politics The kirigami of medieval Japanese Sôtô DPhil Zen – Japan Kurdistan/Iraq boundary delimitation ShanZhong PhD Senior Lecturer,School of Mechanical, Calum Maciver MA MSci Professor John Baily DPhil PhD Aerospace and Civil Engineering Quintus Smyrnaeus among epic Music in Afghanistan and its Diaspora, TheUniversityofManchester predecessors – Switzerland 1985-2009 Low Reynolds-number propulsion Louis Phipps BSc The status of Gyps vultures in NW Sir Michael Berry PhD FRS STUDY ABROAD Province – SouthAfrica Continuing investigations in optics and STUDENTSHIPS quantum physics Cathryn Poulton BSc MBBS Sam Chapman BMus Anew syndrome with congenital Professor Sir Anthony Bottoms PhD Historical performance on early plucked microcephaly and infantile diabetes – LLD FBA instruments – Switzerland theNetherlands Processes of desistance from criminality

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

Dr John Brown PhD FRS Understanding and extending homogenous catalysis

Professor Robert Carswell DPhil Temperatures in high redshift galaxies

Professor Lionel Cliffe BA Comparative experience of land reform in Africa

Professor Anthony Cross PhD LittD DLitt FBA Bibliography of English-language accounts of Russia

Professor Joy DA Delhanty PhD FRCPath FRCOG The origins of aneuploidy in human embryos

Professor Brian Eddy PhD DSc Ecological and environmental physiology of fish An artist's impression of a(rapidly oscillating)Apstar,showing big spots out of which come magnetic fields, represented by the curved lines. The star is imagined to be rotating about avertical axis, which makes the Dr Inigo Everson PhD spots come into and out of view. Lake Victoria fish: acoustic estimates since 1999 Professor Elizabeth Jeffreys BLitt Professor John Steeds PhD FRS Professor Richard Fortey PhD ScD FRS Byzantine court poetry: Maganeios Point defects and their complexes in 4H The early Ordovician trilobites of Podromos SiC Spitsbergen Professor David Jeremiah PhD Professor John Tiley CBE LLD Professor John France PhD FRHS British art schools and society,1825-1975 Developing tax law Book: Perilous Glory: Understanding Dr David Woodward PhD Western Warfare Dr Barry Leadbeater PhD DSc Construction project risk in developing Choanoflagellate evolution: countries ProfessorPeter Gawthrop DPhil morphological evidence Intermittent control in humans Professor Sir Tony Wrigley PhD FBA Professor Adrian Long OBE PhD DSC Mapping the population geography of Professor John Goddard OBE PhD FREng England, 1761-1881 The university and the city Exploiting arches/arching action in structures Professor Douglas Gough PhD FRS EARLYCAREER FELLOWSHIPS Internal dynamics of the Sun and other Professor Richard Maber Phil stars Analytical repertory of G. Ménage's Piers Baker-Bates BA PhD Faculty of Arts Professor Jeremy Greenwood CBE PhD correspondence TheOpenUniversity DSc Art and politics in Ibero-Italian networks The work and history of the British Trust Professor Roderick Martin Phil DLitt 1516-98 for Ornithology Developing Central and East European capitalisms Professor Sir David Hall FRCPCH Angela Baschieri MSc PhD Promoting child development –new Professor Nicholas McCave PhD DSc Department of Epidemiology and approaches Glacial Antarctic circumpolar current Population Health flow speed LondonSchoolofHygiene andTropical Professor JAHoffman DPhil Medicine 'Quiet diplomacy' or appeasement? Dr Phil Melling PhD Vulnerability to climate change in Africa Understanding South African policy Ernest Hemingway's Cuban experience towards Zimbabwe and the influence of Cuba on Amin Benaissa BA MSt DPhil Hemingway's writing Faculty of Classics and Classical Dr Janet Huskinson PhD Languages Completion of amonograph on Roman Professor Nick Stanley PhD UniversityofOxford strigillated sarcophagi and their social South West coast Papuan art in Dionysius: apoet at the crossroads of significance museums in Britain Greek epic

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

Alison Blyth MSci MRes PhD Angela Davis BA MSt DPhil Luna Filipovic BA MPhil PhD Department of Earth and Environmental Department of History Faculty of Modern and Medieval Sciences University of Warwick Languages Open University Motherhood, c. 1970-1990: an oral University of Cambridge Anew proxy for climatic and ecological history Bilingualwitness report and translation change Helen Frowe BA MA PhD Emma Cavell BA BA MA DPhil AlanDrew BSc MRes PhD Department of Philosophy Faculty of History Department of Physics University of Sheffield University of Oxford QueenMary, University of London Warand innocence Noblewomen of the Anglo-Norman Spin coherent transport in organic March of Wales materials Stephen Goldup MChem PhD School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary,UniversityofLondon Information transcription inspired by nature

Amanda Goodall BSc PhD Warwick Business School University of Warwick Humans andclimate change

Gerard Gorman BSc MSc PhD Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London Adaptive computationalmethods for complex systems Aletter of Fulk Fitz Warin III to Hubert de Burgh, Justiciar of England and Ireland, regarding the proposed marriage of his son, Fulk, to the daughter of Madog ap Gruffudd, prince of Northern Powys, c. 1226. (TNA, SC1/1/ 93) Stephane Hess BSc MPhil PhD Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds David Cole BSc DPhil Neil Drummond MPhys PhD Advances in modelling human choice Department of Medical Biochemistry Cavendish Laboratory behaviour and Immunology University of Cambridge Cardiff University QuantumMonte Carlo simulation Daniela Hofmann BA MA PhD Artificially enhanced T-cellsfor targeting Institute of Archaeology cancer Derek Dunn BSc PhD University of Oxford School of Biological Sciences Life, death and transformation in Jago Cooper BSc MA PhD University of Reading Neolithic Europe School of Archaeology and Ancient Parasites and stability in the fig-wasp Claire Holleran BA MA PhD History mutualism University of Leicester School of Archaeology,Classics and The archaeology of climate change in Steven Emery BA PhD Egyptology the Caribbean School of Applied Community and University of Liverpool Health Studies The urban economy of ancient Rome Mark Crosby BA MA DPhil University of Bristol Goretti Horgan BA MSc School of English Recognising group rights in deaf School of Policy Studies Queen’sUniversityBelfast education policy University of Ulster Intellectual patronage in the Romantic Barriers to disabled people’s economic period Deniz Ertan BA MMus PhD activity Department of Music Toby Cubbitt BA MPhys PhD University of Nottingham Gregoire Ithier Licence Maîtrise DEA Department of Mathematics The making of musical ultramodernism Department of Physics University of Bristol in the US RoyalHolloway, University of London Characterising quantum channels Generation anddetection of quantum Karl Evans BA MSc DPhil signals Howard Cunnell BA PhD Department of Animal and Plant American Studies Department Sciences Leighton James BSc MSc PhD University of Sussex University of Sheffield Department of History All that raw land: abiography of On The Improving predictions of climate University of Swansea Road change impacts Writing global war: the Seven Years War

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

Anne Kandler Diplom PhD Christy Morrissey BSc PhD Gemma Romain BA MA PhD InstituteofArchaeology School of Biosciences School of Historical Studies University College London Cardiff University NewcastleUniversity Demographicmodels of language shift Endocrinedisruption in river birds from Negotiating slavery and freedom sewage Shireen Kanji BSc MSc PhD Ursula Rothe MA PhD Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Stewart Mottram BA MA PhD School of History,Classics and University of Cambridge Department of English Archaeology University of Edinburgh Mothersasagents AberystwythUniversity Dress and identity in the Roman Pastoral: writing Reformation England Danube provinces Aris Karastergiou Diploma PhD and Wales Department of Physics Pia Rotshtein BA MA PhD University of Oxford Cath Nall BA MA PhD School of Psychology Pulsars and the next generation radio Faculty of English University of Birmingham telescopes University of Cambridge Individual differences in face The Book in the Town recognition skill Anne-Marie Kramer BA MA PhD Department of Sociology RosannePalmer BA MA PhD Marta Rubio Codina BSc MSc MPhil University of Warwick Cardiff School of European Studies PhD The cultural status of genealogical Cardiff University Centre for the Evaluation of research Closer to thecitizen? Development Policies Institutefor Fiscal Studies Adi Kuntsman BA MA PhD Thomas Reader MA PhD CCTs, child care and child development Research Institutefor Cosmopolitan School of Psychology Cultures Christian Rudolph Diplom Dr.rer.nat University of Aberdeen The University of Manchester School of Biology Team leadership in the intensive care An ethnography of cyberhate University of Nottingham unit Genomic instability and replicative stress Jo Longhurst BA BA PhD NewportSchool of Art, Media and Duncan Redford BA MA PhD Sibylle Schroll Licence Maîtrise PhD Design Department of History Department of Mathematics University of Wales, Newport University of Exeter University of Leicester “Perfect” The Royal Navy and national identity, Representation theory in dynamical 1870-1980 systems ChloeMarshall BSc MA PhD Department of Language and Communication Science City University Sign language and working memory in deaf children

Frauke Matthes MA MSc PhD School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures University of Edinburgh New masculinity in contemporary German literature

James McBain BA MPhil DPhil Faculty of English University of Oxford Early Tudor drama and the law/John Heywood’s poems

Gwladys Monteil Licence Maîtrise MA PhD Department of Archaeology University of Nottingham Acomparative study of the use of samian ware An ABC for Little Britons (c.1918). (Image courtesy of Royal Naval Museum)

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Awards made in 2008

RAAC Awards to Individuals

Rebecca Scragg BA MA PhD Kate Weiner BSc MA PhD Stuart Wimbush MPhys Dr.rer.nat Department of the History of Art Institute for Science and Society Department of Materials Science University of Warwick University of Nottingham University of Cambridge Colour magazine and British Phytosterols: public expectations and Novelflux pinning mechanisms in modernism, 1914-1932 user practices superconductors

Priya Sharma BTech PhD Nicola Whyte BA MA PhD Stephanie Wynne-Jones BA MPhil PhD Department of Physics School of History Department of Archaeology and Royal Holloway,University of London University of East Anglia Anthropology Theoretical study of thin films of liquid Landscape, memory and identity in University of Bristol 3He Wales, c. 1500-1750 Consumption in pre-colonial East Africa

Katherine Shingler BA MA PhD Landscape, memory and identity in Wales. Records Shiqiang YanBSc MSc PhD Department of French and Francophone of the Court of Exchequer.Sir Richard Wilbraham, School of Engineering and Studies Knt. and Bart. v. Edward John ap Ellis, John Bulkeley Mathematical Sciences University of Nottingham alias Buckley,concerning the lordship of Bromfield City University and Yale (Denbigh) and the right to dig for coal, The French art novel, 1900-1930 lead, and stone in Dingulley Park, dated 1641 Floating bodies with liquid tanks in (TNA:PRO, E134/16Chas1/Mich22). steep waves Pari Skamnioti BSc PhD Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Host sensing drives fungal infection

AlexanderSmith BA MSc PhD Department of Sociology University of Birmingham Faith and science: fissures in UK and US politics

Mark Somos BA MPhil MA DPhil Department of History University of Sussex The history and implications of secularisation

Carly Stevens BSc MSc PhD Department of Life Sciences TheOpenUniversity Ndeposition and climate change in grassland

Olga Tabachnikova MSc PhD PhD School of Modern Languages University of Bristol Russian irrationalism in philosophy and the arts

Felicity Thomas BA PhD Institute of Education University of London Traditional medicines and HIV in the UK

Ruediger Thul Diplom PhD School of Mathematical Sciences University of Nottingham The noisy nature of intracellular calcium dynamics

Mark Towsey MA MLitt PhD School of History UniversityofLiverpool Reading history in Britain, 1750-1835

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The Leverhulme Trust in 2008

Leverhulme Trust staff in 2008

Carolyn Allen Science Writer

Richard Brook Director

Jean Cater Grants Manager

Michael Cranny Grants Administrative Officer

Bahia Dawlatly Communications Officer (from October 2008)

Anne Dean Assistant Director

Matt Dillnutt Applications Administrator

Gillian Dupin Personal Assistant to the Director

May Everett Administrative Assistant –Finance

Bridget Kerr Senior Administrative Officer

Reena Mistry Administrative Assistant –Finance (from October 2008)

Lynn Oliver Finance Manager

Francis Peel Communications Officer (until August 2008)

Paul Read Director of Finance

Michael Shilling Support Services Assistant

Nicola Thorp Senior Administrative Officer –Grants

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