Thomas Doran's CV
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THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE and the REMEDIATION of LAND Emma Lees* Keywords: Contamination, Environmental Liability, Polluter Pa
THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE AND THE REMEDIATION OF LAND Emma Lees* Keywords: contamination, environmental liability, polluter pays principle Abstract The Environmental Liability Directive attempts to provide a harmonising framework for liability for environmental damage within the European Union on the basis of the polluter pays principle. This article considers legislation in place in the Member States which sit alongside provisions based on the ELD. It shows that such regimes rely on different models for liability, which require, in turn, fundamentally different understandings as to how the polluter pays principle can work as a principle of liability. It considers provisions in place in Denmark, the United Kingdom, the Walloon Region, the Netherlands, and Germany. The differences between these systems are not differences of degree, nor are they mere technicalities, rather they represent a significant challenge not only to the goals of the ELD, but to the principles underpinning it. By undertaking a comparative analysis of these systems, it becomes clear not only that the ELD sits uncomfortably with these “parallel” provisions, but also that this discomfort is not only one of overlapping and complex legislative provisions, but rather one of underlying justification for liability. ‘The purpose of the Environmental Liability Directive (“ELD”) is to establish a framework of environmental liability, based on the ‘polluter-pays’ principle, to prevent and remedy environmental damage’ (European Commission, 2006, p. 1; A. Waite, 2006, p. 67). This goal is threatened by the variation in Member State liability for remediation of land which sits alongside the ELD in the Member States. When the legislation in Member States relating to contaminated land is examined, it becomes clear that the Member States prefer to extend liability beyond the liability of the polluter. -
Rcguha's Deep Ecology
R.C.Guha’s Deep Ecology The respected radical journalist Kirkpatrick sale recently celebrated “the passion of a new and growing movement that has become disenchanted with the environmental establishment. Decrying the narrowly economic goals of mainstream environmentalism, this new movement aims at nothing less than a philosophical and cultural revolution in human attitudes toward nature. Ramchandra Guha develop a critique of deep ecology from the perspective of a sympathetic outsider. Ramchandra Guha’s treatment of deep ecology is primarily historical and sociological, rather than philosophical, in nature. He makes two main arguments : first, that deep ecology is uniquely American. Second, that the social consequences of putting deep ecology into practice on a worldwide basis are very grave indeed. The defining characteristics of deep ecology are fourfold. First, deep ecology argues that the environmental movement must shift from an “anthropocentric” to a “bio-centric” perspective. The anthropocentric------ bio-centric distinction is accepted as axiomatic by deep ecologists, it structures their discourse, and much of the present discussions remains mired within it. The second characteristic of deep ecology is its focus on the preservation of unsploilt wilderness and the restoration of degraded areas to a more pristine condition – to the relative neglect of other issues on the environmental agenda. Historically, it represents a playing out of the preservationist and utilitarian dichotomy that has plagued American environmentalism since the turn of the century. Morally, it is an imperative that follows from the bio-centric perspective ; other species of plants and animals, and nature itself ,have an intrinsic right to exist. And finally, the preservation of wilderness also turns on a scientific argument – viz.; the value of biological diversity in stabilizing ecological regimes and in retaining a gene pool for future generations. -
Egan, Michael. "Subaltern Environmentalism in the United States: a Historiographic Review." Environment and History 8, No
The White Horse Press Full citation: Egan, Michael. "Subaltern Environmentalism in the United States: A Historiographic Review." Environment and History 8, no. 1 (February 2002): 21–41. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/3107. Rights: All rights reserved. © The White Horse Press 2002. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism or review, no part of this article may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying or recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the publishers. For further information please see http://www.whpress.co.uk. Subaltern Environmentalism in the United States: A Historiographic Review MICHAEL EGAN1 Department of History Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-4030, USA Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT When a group of people is faced with both social and environmental subordina- tion, they are the victims of environmental injustice. This subordination is manifest in the disproportionate siting of environmental hazards in poor or minority communities and also in the inequitable distribution of ecological resources, both of which perpetuate the marginalisation of subaltern groups. At the heart of the environmental justice movement is a fight for the empowerment of subaltern groups, heretofore excluded from environmental decision-making. In recognising that the environmental health of their living spaces and families is critical to exacting any kind of improvement of their socioeconomic condi- tions, subaltern groups have added a dynamic new dimension to their social struggles. This counter-hegemonic struggle for ecological democracy is one of the fastest growing social movements in contemporary society, and requires the attention of environmental historians to situate it within the broader context of the history of environmentalism. -
Environmental Studies
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Richard Van Buskirk, Chair; Deke Gundersen The Environmental Studies Department (www.pacificu.edu/as/enviro/) in the College of Arts and Sciences provides students with an education that takes full advantage of Pacific University's liberal arts curriculum. In this program, students and faculty have opportunities to pursue interests that span a wide range of disciplines. In addition to the two full-time faculty members in the department, Environmental Studies offers the expertise of faculty affiliated with the program who are based in the disciplines of biology, chemistry, political science, economics, history, art, sociology, anthropology, philosophy and literature. This results in a wide range of opportunities to investigate environmental problems that cross traditional boundaries. Students in Environmental Studies can choose to apply their knowledge through research opportunities in unique nearby surroundings such as the coniferous forest of the John Blodgett Arboretum, the riparian corridors of the Gales Creek and Tualatin River watersheds, and the 750-acre Fernhill Wetlands. The B Street Permaculture Project (a 15-minute walk from campus) is a learning laboratory for sustainability that directly addresses the human component of environmental problem solving. Regionally, there are many exemplary resources available within a one- to two-hour drive of campus such as the Willamette and Columbia Rivers, Tillamook and Willapa Bays, and the forests of the Coast and Cascade Ranges. The proximity of Pacific University to study sites both wild and human-influenced is one of the main strengths of the Environmental Studies program. The Environmental Studies curriculum includes majors that lead to a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) or a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree. -
Useful Categories of Analysis in Environmental History
Santa Clara University Scholar Commons History College of Arts & Sciences 10-16-2014 Women and Gender: Useful Categories of Analysis in Environmental History Nancy Unger Santa Clara University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/history Part of the Environmental Studies Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Political History Commons, Social Justice Commons, and the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Unger, N. (2014). Women and Gender: Useful Categories of Analysis in Environmental History. In A. Isenberg (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Environmental History. Oxford University Press, pp. 600-643. This material was originally published in Oxford Handbook of Environmental History edited by Andrew Isenberg, and has been reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press. For permission to reuse this material, please visit http://www.oup.co.uk/academic/rights/permissions. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHAPTER 21 WOMEN AND GENDER Useful Categories of Analysis in Environmental History NANCY C. UNGER IN 1990, Carolyn Merchant proposed, in a roundtable discussion published in The Journal of American History, that gender perspective be added to the conceptual frameworks in environmental history. 1 Her proposal was expanded by Melissa Leach and Cathy Green in the British journal Environment and History in 1997. 2 The ongoing need for broader and more thoughtful and analytic investigations into the powerful relationship between gender and the environment throughout history was confirmed in 2001 by Richard White and Vera Norwood in "Environmental History, Retrospect and Prospect," a forum in the Pacific Historical Review. -
A Citizen's Guide to Using Federal Environmental Laws to Secure
A Citizen’s Guide to Using Federal Environmental Laws to Secure Environmental Justice Copyright © 2002 Environmental Law Institute®, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ISBN No. 1-58576-033-1. ELI Project No. 981624. An electronically retrievable copy (PDF file) of this report may be obtained for no cost from the Environmental Law Institute web site <www.eli.org>, click on “Publications” then “2002 Research Reports” to locate the file. [Note: ELI Terms of Use will apply and are available on site.] (Environmental Law Institute®, The Environmental Forum®, and ELR® – The Environmental Law Reporter® are registered trademarks of the Environmental Law Institute.) acknowledgement This project was supported by the Office of Environmental Justice of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Assistance Agreement No. CR82675501. The views expressed herein should not be attributed to EPA nor should any official endorsement be inferred. table of contents Chapter 1. Introduction to Environmental Laws and Available Resources ...............................35 Environmental Justice Funding and Other Assistance for Public Participation. ..35 Other Grants . ......................... ......36 Introduction to Environmental Justice Issues.............1 Program Funding ..............................36 How Environmental Laws Can Help You to Protect Your Community ...............................3 How This Handbook Can Help You to Use Appendix A - Summary Descriptions of Selected Environmental Laws to Your Advantage...............4 Environmental Statutes..........................39 How This Handbook Is Organized, and What It Covers . 5 What This Handbook Does Not Cover.................6 Appendix B - Overview of Additional U.S. EPA Community Grant Programs .....................83 Chapter 2. Understanding the Players and the Laws Appendix C - Selected Other Environmental Justice Resources ...............................87 Identifying the Players..............................9 The U.S. -
Teaching the Environmental Humanities International Perspectives and Practices
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ResearchSPace - Bath Spa University Teaching the Environmental Humanities International Perspectives and Practices EMILY O’ GORMAN Department of Geography and Planning, Macquarie University, Australia THOM VAN DOOREN Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, University of Sydney, Australia URSULA MÜNSTER Oslo School of Environmental Humanities, Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, University of Olso, Norway JONI ADAMSON Department of English and Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA CHRISTOF MAUCH Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany SVERKER SÖRLIN, MARCO ARMIERO, KATI LINDSTRÖM Division of History of Science, Technology, and Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden DONNA HOUSTON Department of Geography and Planning, Macquarie University, Australia JOSÉ AUGUSTO PÁDUA Institute of History, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil KATE RIGBY Research Centre for Environmental Humanities, Bath Spa University, UK OWAIN JONES College of Liberal Arts, Bath Spa University, UK JUDY MOTION Environmental Humanities, University of New South Wales, Australia STEPHEN MUECKE School of Humanities, University of Adelaide, Australia Environmental Humanities 11:2 (November 2019) DOI 10.1215/22011919-7754545 © 2019 Each Author This is an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0). 428 Environmental -
Environmental Worldviews, Ethics, and Sustainability 25
Environmental Worldviews, Ethics, and Sustainability 25 Biosphere 2—A Lesson in Humility C O R E C A S E S TUDY In 1991, eight scientists (four men and four women) were sealed sphere’s 25 small animal species went extinct. Before the 2-year inside Biosphere 2, a $200 million glass and steel enclosure period was up, all plant-pollinating insects went extinct, thereby designed to be a self-sustaining life-support system (Figure 25-1) dooming to extinction most of the plant species. that would add to our understanding of Biosphere 1: the earth’s Despite many problems, the facility’s waste and wastewater life-support system. were recycled. With much hard work, the Biospherians were A sealed system of interconnected domes was built in the also able to produce 80% of their food supply, despite rampant desert near Tucson, Arizona (USA). It contained artificial ecosys- weed growths, spurred by higher CO2 levels, that crowded out tems including a tropical rain forest, savanna, and desert, as well food crops. However, they suffered from persistent hunger and as lakes, streams, freshwater and saltwater wetlands, and a mini- weight loss. ocean with a coral reef. In the end, an expenditure of $200 million failed to maintain Biosphere 2 was designed to mimic the earth’s natural chemi- this life-support system for eight people for 2 years. Since 2007, cal recycling systems. Water evaporated from its ocean and other the University of Arizona has been leasing the Biosphere 2 facility aquatic systems and then condensed to provide rainfall over the for biological research and to provide environmental education tropical rain forest. -
Just Environmentalism
YALE LAW & POLICY REVIEW Just Environmentalism Brigham Daniels,* Michalyn Steele* & Lisa GrowSun*** Thirty years ago, the environmentaljustice movement emerged as a powerful critique of traditional environmentalism, which had largely ignored the distribution of environmental harms and the ways in which those harms were concentrated on the poor and communities of color. This Article calls for a similarly groundbreakingreimagination of both mainstream environmental policy and environmentaljustice: we argue that, to truly embrace justice, environmentalists must take account, not only of the ways that environmental harms uniquely impact vulnerable populations but also of the costs that environmentalprotection imposes on the most vulnerable among us. In this Article, we contend that both mainstream environmentalism and environmentaljustice have taken inadequateaccount of the costs and harms that environmental protection imposes on the vulnerable, particularlythe poor and communities of color. Drawingon examples from a wide variety of contexts-from the formation of nationalparks, to the protection of endangeredspecies, to regressive environmental taxes and regulations, to net metering policies that promote solar power-we demonstrate that there are many instances in which environmental Professor, BYU Law School. Associate Professor, BYU Law School. Professor, BYU Law School. The authors would like to thank Ann Carlson, Rob Verchick, Sarah Krakoff, Michael Pappas, Jim Salzman, Hari Osofsky, Holly Doremus, Blake Hudson, and the other participants at the Biannual Conference for the International Association for Scholarship on the Commons in the Netherlands, the Annual Environmental Justice Conference hosted by the Sydney Environment Institute in Australia, the UCLA Climate and Energy Workshop, and the Louisiana State University Conference on Emerging Issues at the Intersection of Energy and Coastal Environmental Hazards for their valuable feedback on the ideas in this Article. -
A New Approach for Environmental Justice Impact Assessment
UCRL-JC-123630 PREPRINT A New Approach for Environmental Justice Impact Assessment oc-CI Cory H. Wilkinson, Gregg P. Brumburgh and Thomas A. Edmunds, Lawrence Livetffiore»N4tfl Laboratory (LLNL); Douglas Kay, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIQ^ \aath special acknowledgement to Diane E. Meier, LLNL This paper was prepared for submittal to the National Association of Environmental Professionals (NAEP) 21st Annual Conference, June 2-6, 1996 Houston, Texas. March 1996 This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint is made available with the understanding that it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author. LLB421#v1.0(3/96) DISTRIBUTION OF THB DOCUMENT IS UNUNITED DLC- DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. -
Business and Sustainability: New Business History Perspectives
Business and Sustainability: New Business History Perspectives Ann-Kristin Bergquist Working Paper 18-034 Business and Sustainability: New Business History Perspectives Ann-Kristin Bergquist Harvard Business School Working Paper 18-034 Copyright © 2017 by Ann-Kristin Bergquist Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Business and Sustainability: New Business History Perspectives Ann-Kristin Bergquist Abstract: This working paper provides a long-term business history perspective on environmental sustainability. For a long time, the central issues addressed in the discipline of business history concerned how business enterprises innovated and created wealth, as well as patterns of success and failure in that process, but there now exists a compelling stream of new research focused on the environmental consequences of economic growth. The earliest theme to be explored, is the story of how and why some conventional industries sought to become less polluting. Researchers have dated this phenomenon back to the late nineteenth century, showed it gained momentum from the 1960s, and explored how it resulted in the mainstreaming of sustainability rhetoric, and sometimes practice, in large Western corporations from the 1980s. A more recent research theme has been the story of how for-profit entrepreneurs developed entire new product categories such as organic food and wind and solar energy. This process has also been traced back to the nineteenth century. With the rise in green consumerism and public policy support in some developed countries (primarily in Europe) for sustainability during the 1990s, these two historical trends met, as the concept of sustainable development spread to large conventional corporations, and visionary green firms scaled or were acquired by conventional big businesses. -
CAN ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY SAVE the WORLD? Sarah Brown Steve Dovers Jodi Frawley Andrea Gaynor Heather Goodall Grace Karskens Steve Mullins
FORUM CAN ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY SAVE THE WORLD? Sarah Brown Steve Dovers Jodi Frawley Andrea Gaynor Heather Goodall Grace Karskens Steve Mullins As a ‘genre of history’ in Australia environmental history is relatively new, emerging in the 1960s and 70s from encounters between history, geography and the natural sciences in the context of growing environ- mental concern and activism. Interdisciplinary in orientation, the field also exhibited an unusually high level of engagement with current environmental issues and organisations. In this era of national research priorities and debates about the role and purpose of university-based research, it therefore seemed fair to ask: ‘can environmental history save the world?’ In response, a panel of new and established researchers offer their perspectives on issues of relevance and utility within this diverse and dynamic genre. This article has been peer-reviewed. TANGLED ROOTS, SPREADING BRANCHES Andrea Gaynor Dr. Andrea Gaynor is a member of the History Discipline Group in the School of Humanities at the University of Western Australia. Her most recent publication is Harvest of the Suburbs: An Environmental History of Growing Food in Australian Cities (UWA Press 2006). Richard Grove (2001) has outlined a complex international and multidisciplinary genealogy for environmental history, stretching back to the late eighteenth century and pioneers of (western) conservation such as Alexander von Humboldt and George Perkins Marsh. However, environ- mental history as a more self-conscious – and perhaps exclusive – area of historical research and teaching emerged in the USA in the 1970s, when scholars such as Roderick Nash and John Opie began running courses in ‘environmental history’ and forming networks of historians interested in past human-environment relations.