Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Volume 7 No. 1 ISSN 1027-4286 March 2002

Southern Expedition 2001 Invasive Alien : Asteraceae National Herbarium of Botanic Gardens

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 1 c o n t e n t s

47 New Impetus for NBI Threatened Plants Forum Programme Botanicum ON OUR COVER: Ernest Gondwe, Queen Turner and 49 The Mary Gunn Library Florence Nyirenda recording locality 76 To Be or Not To Be a SAAB information in coastal 50 The Useful Plants Garden Member—What Do I Get for near Ponta Malongane. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) Project at the Natal National My Membership Fee? 77 Presidential Report SAAB Cover Stories 54 The Use of Tradition and January 2001–December 6 SABONET Southern Mo- Technology in Enhancing 2001 Botanical Knowledge zambique Expedition 2001 79 Professor Braam van Wyk— 32 Invasive Alien Plants in 56 Propagation Techniques for Botanist Extraordinaire and Southern Part 3: The ’s Threatened Silver Medallist of the South Daisies (Asteraceae) Plants African Association of Botanists 46 Living Collections: 56 What Colour is Vinaceous? 80 The 2000 Compton Prize Durban Botanic Gardens Book Reviews 52 Southern African Herbaria: 81 …and the Mice at NBI in National Herbarium of 63 Alien Weeds and Invasive Pretoria Play Host to Professor Braam van Wyk Malawi Plants While the Cat’s Away 64 Conspectus of Southern Expedition African Pteridophyta 6 SABONET Southern Mo- 65 Cape Flats Floral zambique Expedition 2001 Treasures—A Teacher’s 19 Crinum stuhlmannii in Guide to Active Learning in Maputaland Cape Town Schools 20 Drift of the 66 The Wildlife and Maputaland Coast Environment Society of —Celebrating 23 Provisional Plant Checklist 75 Years of People Caring Features for the Earth

5 Profile: Esmerialda Klaassen Regulars 30 SABONET Botanical Garden 3 Editorial 20 Drift Seeds 54 Kniphofias Management Course 4 Letters to the Editors 36 How to Review a Scientific 45 SABGN Discussion Site Manuscript 57 From the Web 31 National Workshop for Stakeholders and End Users 58 The Paper Chase of Taxonomic Information 67 Regional News Update and Herbaria 40 Announcing the Third 69 E-mail Addresses BioNET-INTERNATIONAL SABONET Southern Mozambique Expedition Global Workshop 6

2 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 letter from the editors Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Editors Stefan Siebert EDITORS: STEFAN SIEBERT & MARTHINA MÖSSMER Marthina Mössmer Design and Layout Antoinette Burkhardt Vanilla Design Studio his issue of SABONET News features the regional plant collecting expedi- (27) 82 909-0109 tion organised by SABONET to the Maputaland Centre of Endemism dur- ing November and December 2001. The expedition concentrated on two Reproduction and Printing T Business Print Centre areas in southern Mozambique—the Maputo Elephant Reserve and the Licuati (27) 12 349-2295 Forest Reserve. Twenty participants from all ten participating SABONET coun- tries joined the expedition. In addition, five scientific leaders were invited to Subscriptions coordinate the collecting and to link it to specific outputs. Our main article is a Nyasha Rukazhanga-Noko detailed report on the area and its vegetation; we have also included the provi- [email protected] sional checklist compiled for the expedition. In addition, we include Nikaya Website Govender’s article on Crinum stuhlmannii, one of the plants she collected on the www.sabonet.org expedition, and John and Sandie Burrows’ account of drift seeds of the Maputaland Coast. These are the first of the projected 20 articles being written Submission of Manuscripts by expedition participants as part of the training output of the expedition; we Marthina Mössmer hope to publish more of these in the next issue of SABONET News. Our Expedi- [email protected] See Instructions to Authors on page 5. tion section starts on page 6. SABONET News is the official newsletter We are delighted to publish another article by Dr Otto Leistner, this time ex- of the Southern African Botanical plaining the do’s and don’ts of reviewing scientific manuscripts. Dr Leistner’s Diversity Network (SABONET). articles on writing scientific papers, which appeared in SABONET News some years ago, were very popular and informative and we believe you will feel the same about his words of wisdom in this issue. (The usual Snoopy cartoon is included!) SABONET We also include reports on the Botanical Garden Management Course and the National Botanical Institute National Workshop for Stakeholders and End Users of Taxonomic Information Private Bag X101 and Herbaria, both held in South Africa during the past few months. In addition, Pretoria 0001 this issue includes all our regular items—Profile, Southern African Herbaria, Liv- SOUTH AFRICA Tel.: (27) 12 804-3200 ing Collections, From the Web, The Paper Chase, and Regional News. Lesley Fax: (27) 12 804-5979/3211 Henderson has written a third instalment in our series on invasive alien plants, this time dealing with the Asteraceae (page 32). We also have a number of book reviews in this issue, starting on page 63. SABONET News is published in March, July and November and is distributed free Our Forum Botanicum section has grown to five articles and includes a sum- of charge. mary of the benefits of becoming a SAAB member, the SAAB President’s report, Current number of subscribers: 2 228, in 79 countries and an article featuring the well-known South African botanist Braam van Wyk, who is one of the recipients of SAAB’s prestigious Silver Medal. Forum Botanicum Printed on recycled paper. starts on page 76. This newsletter was made possible through support provided by the GEF/UNDP (SABONET Enjoy your reading! is a GEF Project implemented by the UNDP) and the Regional Centre for Southern Africa, Gaborone, , US Agency for Interna- tional Development (Plot no. 14818 Lebatlane — Stefan Siebert & Marthina Mössmer Road, Gaborone West, Extension 6 Gaborone), under the terms of the Grant No. 690-0283-A- 00-5950. The opinions expressed in the newsletter are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development, the GEF/UNDP, the SABONET Steering Committee or the National Working Groups.

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 3 letters to the editors [email protected]

THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM OF Please assure me that there is hope for Assuming that Scott’s identifications (SRGH) its continued assistance after March are correct, the more appropriate 2002 and if not, why not? I wonder question is “Why are the brachystegias he July 2001 issue of SABONET what your other readers think on this no longer widespread in northern TNews was full of good reading for subject? Would raising money by sub- South Africa?” me. Especially the article on the his- scription be of help? tory of the National Herbarium of Zim- Self-dispersed leguminous trees em- babwe (SRGH) was of particular inter- —Andrew Angus ploying explosively dehiscent pods, est, since I visited that herbarium on Rosebank such as Brachystegia and the other several occasions in the late 1950s. I Boarhills, St. Andrews miombo dominants, are limited to ar- was moved to look at my old slides of Fife, UK, KY168PR eas with a minimum annual rainfall of that time; I have had two of them 600–650 mm (see Bingham 1994). In printed large, and I send them to you The SABONET Project ends officially on 31 dry periods they are restricted to for your perusal. March 2002, but fortunately there are enough refugia on the eastern slopes of moun- savings to keep us going until 31 December tains, which continue to receive ad- One of the photographs features Bob 2002. Project management will be meeting with equate rainfall (Rodgers 1998). Drummond as a young man. He has the participating institutions to develop ideas Reinvasion of lost territory is a slow not seen this picture, which I am sure for a new project. We hope to have a draft process because the method of would amuse him. I first met Bob in project proposal by September 2002. (Eds) dispersal—barring occasional acci- the herbarium of the Royal Botanic dental dispersal by animals—does not Garden, Kew, where he worked in the allow rapid migration or jumping of African Section. Frank White and I had barriers. to work there now and again, when we were collecting data for the Forest The two Brachystegia species most Flora of Northern Rhodesia. Bob was likely to have occurred in northern very helpful to us in our work. I met South Africa are B. spiciformis (which up with him again when I was work- has a much wider range of distribu- ing in as a plant pathologist/ tion than other species) and B. botanist, at the Mount Makulu Agri- tamarindoides, which survives on cultural Research Station, Mt granite inselbergs, for example, in the Chilanga, in the 1950s and ’60s. Matopos near Bulawayo, at the lower rainfall limit. I took these photographs of the SRGH The Plant Pathology Laboratory with the Herbarium in August 1958. You will Government Herbarium a little way off to —Mike Bingham see that the building looks very ordi- the left, August 1958. (Photo: A. Angus) Zambia nary, even a bit tatty, but what looks [email protected] like rust around the base of the build- ing is, I believe, just mud and soil Bingham, M.G. (1994). A Zambesian suc- thrown up by rain-splash. In fact, it cess story: the explosively dehiscent pod. was a simple, sound, and watertight Proceedings of the 13th AETFAT Con- structure and it sheltered a valuable gress, Zomba, Malawi, April 1991. Vol. collection of specimens and some very 2, 132–9. good and dedicated botanists/custo- Rodgers, W.A. (1998). An introduction to dians like Hiram Wild and Bob the conservation of the Eastern Arc Drummond. Mountains. J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. 87: 7–18. Bob Drummond in front of the Government Scott, L. (1982a). Late Quaternary fossil pol- And now I have a comment arising Herbarium, Harare, in August 1958. len grains from the Transvaal, South Af- from your editorial in SABONET (Photo: A. Angus) rica. Review of Palaeobotany and News 6(2). Having become a reader Palynology 36: 241–278. of SABONET News fairly recently, I SOUTPANSBERG BRACHYSTEGIA Scott, L. (1982b). A late Quaternary pollen was very sorry and disappointed to be record from the Transvaal .– reminded that the SABONET project ou ask “How did the brachystegias Quaternary Research 17: 339–370. is to be wound up officially on 31 Yget to their current location in the Scott, L. (1983). Late Quaternary March 2002. Surely such a vigorous Soutpansberg?” (SABONET News Vol. palaeoenvironments in the Transvaal on organisation with such a good record 6 No. 3). Louis Scott (1982a, 1982b, the basis of palynological evidence. In: of work behind it should be enabled 1983, 1987) reports findings of SASQUA Internat. Symposium, to continue to live. I, for one, would be Brachystegia pollen of Late Quaternary Swaziland. Pp. 317–327. very sad to see the demise of such an origin from three sites in the former Scott, L. (1987). Late Quaternary forest his- enthusiastic, interesting, and in- Transvaal, spanning a time period from tory in Venda, Southern Africa.–Review formative publication as SABONET 23 370 +1 900 years before present, to of Palaeobotany and Palynology–53: 1– News. 440 years b.p. 10.

4 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Profile

barium specimens were packed in ing her studies at the end of 2002. boxes at that stage! In 1996 she served as an assistant to the Database Man- Achievements in her career include the ager. In 1997 she was appointed as publication Water plants of : an Database Manager, a position she still identification manual, which she co- holds at the Institute. authored with Dr Nicholas Clarke. She is currently working on a Poaceae Esmerialda has been involved in the checklist as a SABONET output. SABONET Project since its inception. In 1996 she attended the first Esmerialda strives to develop her skills SABONET Herbarium Management and knowledge in her fields of respon- course, which included a section on the sibility to serve the end-users of the introduction to the PRECIS Specimen Institute to the best of her abilities. As Database. She has attended the follow- Database Manager, in particular, she ing the SABONET courses: Herbarium would like to see this valuable source Esmerialda Management and Plant Conservation of information put to use in the con- course, Pteridophyte and Nomencla- servation of the flora of Namibia. Klaassen ture course, Aquatic Plants course, as well the Beginners and Advanced Da- Esmerialda is hardworking and com- tabase courses. She also served as mitted and her motto of completing demonstrator on the Database whatever you’ve started is being put smerialda Suzetta Klaassen was Courses for Beginners in 1999 and to the test by all her responsibilities Eborn on 3 April 1973 in Windhoek, 2000. Currently she also serves as sec- within her working environment and Namibia. She completed her high retary to the National SABONET SABONET. She believes that exercise schooling in 1991. Family vacations Working Group (Namibia). is the best medicine to revitalise body, were usually characterised by camp- mind, and soul. Extramural activities ing and the outdoors inspired her love In 1999 Esmerialda was promoted to include involvement in inter-denomi- for nature. In 1992 she enrolled for the Senior Agricultural Research Techni- national activities and events organ- National Diploma in Nature Conserva- cian. Her duties include database man- ised by other community organisa- tion at the Polytechnic of Namibia (for- agement and herbarium management tions, for example fun days for the merly Technikon of Namibia); she com- of the families Poaceae, Asteraceae, handicapped. pleted the 3-year course in 1994. As Cyperaceae, pteridophytes, and aqua- part of the course, she spent six tic plants, all related to the courses she She is part of a very dynamic team at months as an in-service trainee at the attended. the NBRI and is grateful for the sup- National Botanical Research Institute port and encouragement of her col- (NBRI). In January 1995 she assumed In 1998 she was granted a scholarship leagues, especially the head of the in- duty as Agricultural Research Techni- by SABONET to upgrade her current stitute, Dr Magss-Kölling, as well col- cian at the NBRI. She was responsible qualification to the B.Tech. Degree in leagues within the SABONET Project. for encoding herbarium specimens Nature Conservation. Owing to an ex- onto the BRAHMS database—the her- tended curriculum she will be complet-

instructions to authors

1) Manuscripts should preferably be in 4) If possible, include colour slides, black-and- 7) Look at the most recent issue of SABONET English. white photographs, or line drawings to News for stylistic conventions. 2) If possible, text should be sent in electronic illustrate articles. If you want to submit 8) SABONET News holds the right to edit any format via e-mail or on a stiffy disk and scanned images with your article, scan received copy. should be in Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, them at 300 dpi and save as TIF or JPEG 9) Manuscripts should be sent to Marthina or Rich Text Format. Otherwise, hard copy files. Mössmer. Via e-mail: [email protected] can be sent or faxed to the SABONET 5) Caption all tables, figures, and photographs Hard copy: SABONET, National Botanical head office. clearly on a separate sheet. Include Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, 3) Tables and charts should be in one of the photographer credits. SOUTH AFRICA. Fax: (27) 12 804-5979/ following formats: Microsoft Excel, Quattro 6) Each author should provide name, 3211. Pro, Lotus 1-2-3, or Harvard Graphics. affiliation, postal address, telephone and fax 10) Submissions for the next issue should Data must be supplied with charts. numbers, and an e-mail address (if reach the editors before 31 May 2002. applicable). Late submissions will not be included.

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 5 SABONETSouthernSouthern November 2001 saw the SABONET countries participating Expedition in the second SABONET regional

plant collecting expedition. This

expedition took place in southern

Mozambique, with the primary

focus on the Maputo Elephant

Reserve and the Licuati Forest

Reserve. The first half of the

expedition was spent in and

around the Maputo Elephant

Reserve (24 November–

1 December 2001) and the second

half in the Licuati Forest Reserve

(2–9 December 2001). During the

expedition, approximately 2 000

specimens were collected. From

10 to 11 December 2001, a plant

identification course was

presented in Maputo; specimens

were identified and duplicates

deposited in the INIA Herbarium

(LMA). A small number of

unidentified specimens were sent to the National Herbarium (PRE) in

Pretoria for identification.

6 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 SABONET Expedition 2001 MozambiqueMozambique 2001

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 7 Collecting on the beach at Ponta Milibangalala. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) wenty participants from all ten participating SABONET countries joined the expedition. In addition, five scientific leaders were invited to coordinate the collecting and to link it to T specific outputs: • Prof. Braam van Wyk from the University of Pretoria • Mr Pieter Winter from the University of the North • Mr Wayne Matthews from KZN Wildlife • Dr Coert Geldenhuys from Forestwood • Dr David Goyder from Kew

A logistics team comprising seven people, under the supervision of John and Sandie Burrows (Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve), was responsible for the camp duties and meals. Camp was set up three times, at Ponta Malongane, Ponta Milibangalala, and Licuati Forest. Braam van Wyk presented the two-day Plant Identification Course at INIA.

All expedition participants committed themselves to writing an article for either a scientific or popular journal before the end of 2002. The work conducted during the expedition was seen to be of great value to Mozambique and was acknowledged as such by the Director of INIA, Dr Calisto Bias.

One of SABONET’s core activities is of the Maputo River, which flows to organise collaborative regional northwards from the confluence of the plant collecting expeditions to Usutu and Pongola Rivers. The river undercollected centres of plant diver- itself is named after the Thonga Chief sity in southern Africa (Huntley et al. Mabhudu who lived south of Maputo 1998). The first such expedition took Bay in southern Mozambique (Bulpin place in the Nyika National Park in 1969). In 1994, Maputaland was offi- northern Malawi and Zambia during cially recognised by WWF/IUCN as a April 2000 (Willis et al. 2000). In the Centre of Plant Endemism—the 17th edition of SABONET News, Maputaland Centre (Davis et al. 1994). Siebert et al. (2001) reported on the planned second regional plant col- Both the Maputo Elephant Reserve lecting expedition to the Maputo El- and Licuati Forest Reserve are part of ephant Reserve and Licuati Forest the Maputaland Centre. The expedi- Reserve in southern Mozambique. tion focussed on these areas as they lie This expedition to the northern part within the Centre’s poorly collected of the Maputaland Centre of Ende- northern parts. The expedition was mism took place from 24 November therefore restricted to the Maputo to 9 December 2001. Province, the southernmost province of Mozambique. Maputo Province bor- The main objective of the expedition ders on the Gaza Province in the north, was to bring together regional and the Indian Ocean in the east, South local expertise to gather baseline Africa to the south and Swaziland to floristic data for the Licuati Forest the west. Two districts in the Maputo Reserve and Maputo Elephant Re- Province were explored during the serve. End users of taxonomic infor- expedition, namely Boane District in mation, who are involved with initia- the northwest (Licuati Forest Reserve tives such as transfrontier parks, sus- and surrounds) and Matutuine District tainable medicinal plant harvesting, in the southeast (Maputo Elephant Re- ecotourism, and rural development, serve and surrounds). The main towns are in great need of baseline data to in these districts are Boane, Catembe, put together appropriate and effec- Bela’Vista, Salamanga, Ponta do Ouro, tive land use management plans. The River in northern KwaZulu-Natal, and Zitundo. ways in which a regional collecting South Africa (Bruton & Cooper 1980). expedition enhances the capacity of Biogeographically, the boundaries of Maputaland has a very interesting ge- local conservation organisations were the Maputaland Centre have been ology and is essentially a coastal plain evident during both SABONET Re- clearly defined (Van Wyk & Smith 2001) underlain by marine siltstone. Overly- gional Expeditions. as that part of southern Mozambique ing the siltstone are the sedimentary and northeastern KwaZulu-Natal rocks of the Maputaland Group, which Background bounded by the Inkomati-Limpopo underlie the dune sand deposits cur- River in the north, by the Indian Ocean rently defining the surface relief in this Historically, the name Maputaland has in the east, by the western foothills of area (Botha 1997). The dune deposits been applied to the coastal plain the Lebombo Mountains in the west, of the Maputaland Group represent a stretching from Maputo in Mozam- and by the St Lucia estuary in the succession of events following marine bique southwards to near the Mkuzi south. The name is derived from that regressions. High north–south ori-

8 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Maputaland–Pondoland Region The Maputaland–Pondoland Region is a floristic area of higher rank in which is nested a number of smaller centres of endemism. It is recognised as an important Centre of Plant Endemism in Africa (Davis et al. 1994). Floristically the centre is diverse and complex and endemic plants are not always concentrated in particular regions. The Maputaland– Pondoland Region can be divided into two distinct foci of high local endemism—the Maputaland and Pondoland Centres of Endemism.

ented dune cordons, which can be Flora and Vegetation an intimate relationship between ge- traced for long distances along the in- ology and soils (Van Wyk & Smith land margin of the coastal zone, mark During the expedition it was argued 2001), has probably driven the devel- intermissions during the fall of the that the rich plant diversity of south- opment of the unique local plant com- ocean that deposited the sediments of ern Mozambique could be a result of munities. the Maputaland Group. The oldest position and landscape. Maputaland dune ridges are probably between straddles the tropical–subtropical tran- The geological history of the region 30 000 and 3 million years old, whereas sition zone and at the landscape level, also suggests that the current ecosys- the youngest were inundated only the biodiversity is strongly controlled tems in the region may be of recent 10 000–30 000 ago (Matthews et al. by the climate, with its east–west origin. In fact, many endemic plant 2001). In geological terms these are change in rainfall, superimposed on taxa comply with the concept of neo- some of the youngest formations in the north–south tropical–subtropical endemics (recently developed taxa) southern Africa. transition. This interplay, together with (Van Wyk & Smith 2001). Thus, the

As a result of the dune system of the region, the water table and ground water movements play an important role in relation to plant distribution patterns in most parts of Maputaland, as the area is covered by deep sand. Elevated water tables are present in places such as seasonal pans and lakes along the coast. Ground water is al- most exclusively replenished by rain- water. After rains, fluctuations in local water levels can occur for a short pe- riod. We experienced this on several occasions—we got stuck in places where no water was present a few days before, because these waterbodies were surface expressions of the shal- low water table.

Maputaland lies within a transitional The wide white beaches of the Ponta Mamoli region. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) zone between the tropics to the north and sub-tropical coastal conditions to the south, with hot summers and cool to warm winters with no frost. The southern boundary of the Maputaland Centre follows the 18ºC mean midwin- ter isotherm quite closely (Van Wyk & Smith 2001). Average humidity is rela- tively high along the coast and even in the drier inland parts of the region. Winters are drier than summers, al- though rain falls throughout the year. The climate of the region can be de- scribed as warm to hot, humid and sub-tropical…and therefore with plenty of mosquitoes. The expedition members thought a more appropriate name for Mozambique would be “Mozzi”bique.

Breakfast on the beach at Ponta Milibangalala. (Photo: John Burrows)

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 9 Maputaland Centre represents a such as Ozoroa sp. nov. in the unique environment in Africa in Woody Grassland and Berchemia being geologically young with bio- sp. nov. associated with Sand For- logical evolution (notably est. Maputaland is at the southern speciation) still in a very active end of the tropics in Africa where phase. many plant species reach the southernmost limit of their range. About 2 500 species (but probably Lannea antiscorbutica (the pink more) of vascular plants occur in lannea) of the Sand Forest is a the Maputaland Centre; of these good example of a species that ex- at least 230 species/infraspecific hibits a disjunct distribution with taxa are endemic or near-endemic Central Africa. Identification of the to the region (Van Wyk 1996, Van collected specimens will confirm A SABONET 4x4 ready for action. Wyk & Smith 2001). Three genera whether any other tropical African (Photo: Stefan Siebert) are endemic/near-endemic to the taxa were collected during the ex- Maputaland Centre, namely During the expedition the participants pedition. Brachychloa, Galpinia, and kept their eyes peeled for endemics Helichrysopsis. The five families with that have Cape floristic affinities, such Interesting plant species, some en- the largest number of endemics are as Restio zuluensis and a form of demic to the Maputaland Centre, that Asclepiadaceae, , Liliaceae, Aspalathus gerrardiiwith minute flow- were recorded or collected on the ex- , and Asteraceae. Nearly ers. They were also on the lookout for pedition, include the following: all life forms and life history types (in- grass species usually associated with Acridocarpus natalitiussubsp. cluding saprophytes, hemiparasites, the – re- linearifolius and monocarpic plants) are repre- gion, such as Monocymbium cere- Afzelia quanzensis (also a street tree sented among the endemics; trees, siiforme, as these grasses are likely to in Maputo) , suffrutices, lianas, forbs, be distinct ecotypes. Formal taxonomic Cladostemon kirkii geophytes, and annual herbs are the labelling of the many local ecotypes in Dialium schlechteri most common (Van Wyk 1996). the Maputaland Centre is lacking and Encephalartos ferox should be addressed to ensure that Erythrophleum lasianthum The majority of endemics are associ- these forms receive proper recognition Hymenocardia ulmoides ated with specific plant communities, in conservation efforts. Attention was Memecylon sousae namely arguta–Uvaria lucida also given to find new discoveries that hildebrandtii subsp. virens Sand Forest, Strychnos have been made in the region in re- Rhipsalis baccifera madagascariensis–Combretum molle cent years, namely undescribed taxa Ochna barbosa Woodland and Themeda triandra– Salacia kraussii Woody Grassland In addition, new plant distribution (Matthews et al. 2001). Most of the records were made in southern plant endemics are confined to Mozambique. David Goyder made non-hygrophilous plant commu- the first collections of Ceropegia nities. The low species diversity carnosa and Plectranthus petiolaris and paucity of regional endemics for the Flora Zambesiaca area and in wetland communities is a com- Queen Turner collected the first mon phenomenon throughout record of Brachystelma vahrmeij- southern Africa. eri for the Flora Zambesiaca area. We are optimistic that more of To assist expedition members in these first-time collections were collecting and documenting this made of species that have only diversity, a provisional checklist been recorded from the Flora of was prepared before the expedi- southern Africa region. tion. The checklist for the Maputo Elephant Reserve was based on Collecting trips were structured to the reports of Chuma et al. (1999), cover the ecological systems that Maria et al. (1997), and Haan- were identified as priority areas by drikman (1998). The Licuati Forest the National Institute for Agro- Reserve checklist was based on nomic Research (INIA) of Mozam- the work of Adamo et al. (1997), bique and the Department Nuvunga (undated) and Cossa et of the Eduardo Mondlane Univer- al. (2000). The combined checklist sity. Collections concentrated on is presented in this issue of the beach vegetation, , SABONET News (pages 23–29). An woodlands, and forests in and official expedition checklist will be around the Maputo Elephant Re- published at a later stage. serve and Licuati Forest Reserve. Hygrophilous plant communities The sand road through the thicket patch of the were not sampled in detail, as the Licuati Forest Reserve. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) endemicity of the plant species

10 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 here were thought to be low—not to plumieri of the Nyika Plateau in Malawi. Along mention the high density of crocodiles Sophora inhambanensis the coast itself, these forests tend to be and hippos! Sporobolus virginicus continuous, as they are protected by a strip of abrupt dunes. Apodytes Primary Dune Vegetation Dune Forest dimidiata is typical of these forests and common tree species include: The beaches sampled were at Ponta Dune Forest occurs most often in rela- Afzelia quanzensis Malongane, Ponta Mamoli, and Ponta tively well-established sand dunes. Albizia versicolor Milibangalala. Species diversity was Trees are taller here than in surround- Mimusops caffra low, and there were more coastal ing vegetation and understorey veg- Sideroxylon inerme endemics than Maputaland endemics, etation is common. In most parts of Strychnos madagascariensis as can be expected for a widespread Africa forest types form mosaics with but very specific habitat. Collections grassland and woodland, and this is The forests are characterised by an were made on the first primary dune, also the case in the Maputo Elephant understorey of species such as: where the following species were Reserve, where the Dune Forest forms Cissus rotundifolia found: a mosaic with these vegetation types— Sansevieria hyacinthoides Canavalia rosea in places it was even reminiscent of Scadoxus puniceus Ipomoea pes-caprae Afromontane landscapes such as those Zamioculcas zamiifolia

Pieter Winter leading the participants into the grasslands of the Maputo Nikaya Govender photographing a Elephant Reserve. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) rare orchid in Maputo Elephant Reserve. (Photo: Stefan Siebert)

Christopher Shabalala taking notes Changing blotters on ANOTHER rainy day (Photo: John Burrows) during a collecting/training session. (Photo: Stefan Siebert)

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 11 Dovyalis longispina Garcinia livingstonii Rhoicissus revoilii Schotia capitata Sclerocarya birrea Strychnos madagascariensis Strychnos spinosa Syzygium cordatum

Woody Grassland

Woody grassland is an unusual type of grassland characterised by the abundance of geoxylic (often rhizo- matous) suffrutices, which are dwarf woody plants with annual or short- lived woody shoots sprouting from massive or extensive woody, perennial, underground axes. This vegetation type is endemic to the Maputaland Grassland with forest on the horizon—does this remind you of the Nyika Centre. Grasslands were sampled be- Plateau? (Photo: Stefan Siebert) tween Ponta Malongane and Ponta do Ouro and several times in the Maputo Rubiaceae Collection sites in Dune Forest were Elephant Reserve. Taxa from the thickets of the restricted to the Ponta Mamoli and Ponta Milibangalala forest systems. Common geoxylic suffrutices seen in Licuati Forest the coastal grasslands of southern setiflorum subsp. Collections were also made behind the Mozambique include: setiflorum pioneer dune, on the seaward side of Diospyros galpinii the established dune. The associated Eugenia albanensis Catunaregam spinosa vegetation was a dune thicket and in- Eugenia capensis (suffrutex form) Coddia rudis cluded the following species: Gymnosporia markwardii Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Maputaland endemic) Hyperacanthus microphyllus (e) Diospyros rotundifolia Ochna natalitia (suffrutex form) Lagynias lasiantha Eugenia capensis Parinari capensis subsp. incohata Mimusops caffra (Maputaland endemic) Lagynias monteiroi (ne) Salacia kraussii Leptactina delagoensis (ne) This community is not as distinct from the coastal (dune) forest as elsewhere Some of these grassland species, such Oxyanthus latifolius (ne) along the coast and seems to be merely as Ancylobotrys petersiana and Pavetta catophylla a forest subcommunity or ecotone Albertisia delagoense, also seem happy where it abuts the beach. The main fea- twining through wooded communi- Pavetta schumanniana ture of this community is the wind- ties, and are here considered to be fac- Plectroniella armata pruned canopy that produces a land- ultative suffrutices in the grasslands. scape independent of the underlying Although several Maputaland ende- Psydrax fragrantissima (e) dune relief. mics occur here, the grasslands are Psydrax locuples (ne) generally species-poor. Common Woodland grasses include the following: Psydrax moggii (e) Hyperthelia dissoluta Rothmannia fischeri subsp. In general, Maputaland is covered by Themeda triandra moramballa woodland, interspersed with patches Urelytrum agropyroides of short and tall forest, usually bor- Tarenna junodii dered by grassland. Different wood- Sand Forest/Licuati Forest Tarenna littoralis land communities can often be diffi- cult to distinguish based on floristics Sand Forest (also known as Licuati Tricalysia delagoensis (ne) alone, but structure and density help Forest in Mozambique) is a rare forest Tarenna supra-axillaris subsp. to differentiate between them. Collec- type with many rare plant species; this barbertonensis tions were made in the woodlands of vegetation type is endemic to the Maputo Elephant Reserve and wood- Maputaland Centre. Licuati Forest is Tricalysia sonderiana lands to the east of the Licuati Forest distinctive, not only because of its Vangueria infausta Reserve. Tree and species which unique combination of plant and ani- characterise the woodlands and alter- mal species, but because it is more or nate as dominant trees are: less restricted to ancient coastal dunes. e = Maputaland endemic Coddia rudis As a result of its restricted occurrence ne = near-endemic Combretum molle and unusual species complement,

12 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Licuati Forest is one of the most im- portant plant communities in the Maputaland Centre. Typical tree spe- cies include: Balanites maughamii Cleistanthus schlechteri greenwayi Croton pseudopulchellus Dialium schlechteri Hymenocardia ulmoides junodii Newtonia hildebrandtii Ptaeroxylon obliquum Pteleopsis myrtifolia Uvaria lucida subsp. virens

Protruding crowns of many of the larger species are usually covered by epiphytes, such as the wiry orchid and various lichens including Usnea spp. Licuati Forest is Salamao Maticela and Abilio Manhique from Mozambique collecting in the evergreen and best developed on the woodlands along the margins of the Licuati. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) ancient north–south-aligned dune cor- dons in the hinterland of the coastal plain. Unlike Dune Forest, Licuati For- est occurs in a mosaic with woodland and thicket. Licuati Forest occurs un- der drier conditions than most other southern African forest types and is therefore classified as tropical dry for- est; deep sand, periodical heavy dew, and low-level mist, especially in win- ter, effectively increase the moisture availability. All collections in Sand For- est were restricted to the Licuati For- est Reserve.

One of the distinctive features of the thicket component of Licuati Forest is the abundance of the Rubiaceae—21 taxa were recorded (see table on page 12). Prof. Braam van Wyk teaching participants about the endemic plant species of Reed Beds Sand Forest (Licuati Forest). (Photo: Stefan Siebert)

The reed beds that run from the Muzi swamp all the way to Maputo Bay in Mozambique are another interesting feature of the central region of Maputaland. The reed beds are char- acterised by dense stands of Phragmites australis, in some places mixed with Typha capensis; Cyperus papyrus forms dense stands in the Futi River. The water fig, Ficus verruculosa, grows in the shallow water of these reed bed fringes and the unusual but circumtropical , Acrostichum aureum, forms distinctive clumps near the coast. Ficus sycomorus and Phoenix reclinata are common in the areas surrounding swamps and lakes. As with the primary dune veg- etation, there are few endemics in these wetlands and diversity is low. Alfred Ngwenya leading an early morning Indaba before the day’s collecting. (Photo: John Burrows)

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 13 because of the scarcity and invasive species also have an effect on seasonality of surface water. In the region’s vegetation. addition, most of the Maputaland coastal plain soils are infertile, Licuati Forest Reserve lies within the consisting of geologically recent development zone of Maputo and is fine-grained aeolian sands. The under pressure from extensive tree sandy soils of the coastal plain are harvesting for charcoal production. easily leached and their agricul- Since people have resettled around the tural potential is limited. The Licuati Forest, the structure and diver- sandy soils also have a low wa- sity of large tree species have de- ter-holding capacity. Fertile creased remarkably (Carlos Boane, clayey alluvium occurs on the pers. comm.). Inclusion of these forests floodplains of some of the larger in conservation areas is no guarantee rivers, such as the Thembe, of the future existence of this vegeta- Maputo, and Futi. In these areas tion type. The effects of large herbiv- sweet potato, banana, cassava, ores and regular fires, coupled with vegetables, mangos, peanuts, and Licuati Forest dynamics, can lead to the papayas are grown. The area is disappearance of this forest type. also utilised by the local inhabit- Threats to these unique forests within ants for grazing their cattle and conservation areas are experienced in other natural resource-based in- Tembe Elephant Park (elephants) and dustries, such as palm wine pro- Licuati Forest Reserve (charcoal burn- duction, reed harvesting, and ing); these conservation areas have the medicinal plant collecting. largest areas of protected Sand Forest in South Africa and Mozambique. The In the past, the population of the primary reasons for the proclamation Gladys Msekandiana in front of what used to area was low, as the civil war had of these reserves were that of Sand be a magnificent specimen of Newtonia driven most people to Maputo. As Forest conservation, namely sustain- hildebrandtii-harvested for charcoal a result, much of the vegetation able harvesting and protection of big production. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) of the region is still in a pristine Afzelia quanzensis trees in the Licuati state, except for sensitive areas of (Bandeira et al. 1994), and the protec- Woody Grassland that were de- tion of the natural elephant population stroyed by monocultures of alien of Maputaland in Tembe (Matthews et timber plantations in the past. al. 2001). This has led to a clash of in- Large areas are being conserved terests between conservationists and and plans are underway to de- local people in Licuati, and conserva- velop a transfrontier conserva- tionists and elephant in Tembe. Al- tion initiative with South Africa. though both humans and elephants However, political stability and prefer plant species from woodland southern Mozambique’s proxim- habitats, they are increasingly utilising ity to South Africa and the big- Sand Forest species—the population gest city in the country, Maputo, sizes of both the humans and elephants have now put renewed pressure have increased and they are now con- on plant resources for sustainable fined to relatively small areas as a re- livelihoods and the land area for sult of artificial boundaries. rapid economic development. Outside conservation areas, the In addition, the coastal dunes of south- main threats are uncontrolled ern Mozambique, like the ones in fires, as well as selective species KwaZulu-Natal, are rich in heavy met- utilisation for traditional medi- als. The mining of these dunes is a con- cines, construction, charcoal, and troversial environmental issue. It is of other purposes: major concern that there is increasing Cassipourea mossambicensis pressure to utilise the coastal dune (used for cosmetic purposes) zone for mining. Probably the most Newtonia hildebrandtii(burned important scientific finding of the vari- to produce charcoal) ous Environmental Impact Assess- Cleistanthus schlechteri and ments conducted for dune mining in A charcoal production line in the Licuati Afzelia quanzensis (used in the the past is that, although certain as- Forest Reserve. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) wood carving trade) pects of the dunes have been studied Warburgia salutaris and in detail, overall it is quite clear that Threats and Conservation Securidaca longipedunculata(bark they are not well understood from a harvested for medicinal purposes) geological, geomorphological, hydro- Much of the dune areas in southern logical, and ecological point of view Mozambique is relatively undevel- To a lesser degree uncontrolled cattle (Anonymous 2000). Before rehabilita- oped. Very few people live in this area grazing and the introduction of alien tion of these areas can be attempted,

14 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 detailed studies of all physical aspects To meet these objectives, all the expe- of the dunes need to be conducted. dition members are currently identi- fying the specimens that were not Most of the coastline from Richards identified during the two-day identifi- Bay, South Africa, to the south of cation course in Maputo (10–12 De- Maputo Bay, Mozambique, is pro- cember 2001). The participants col- tected in the form of government and lected approximately 1 500 numbers private land. In Mozambique the situ- and are looking forward to publishing ation is changing, with foreign com- scientific results as the plant speci- panies showing great interest in the mens are processed and identified. A establishment of hotels, tourist resorts, team led by Pieter Winter will publish harbours, and, possibly, plantations on the conservation checklists of both the coastal dunes. In the short term this is Maputo Elephant Reserve and the of great interest to the local communi- Licuati Forest Reserve. ties, but in the long run it is only the investors that will really benefit. The The expedition also served as a train- south coast of KwaZulu-Natal is a tell- ing exercise for the region’s develop- ing example of long-term develop- ing taxonomists with a team of scien- ment, with hardly any of the local tific leaders to provide the necessary biodiversity protected or in a pristine backup. These experts were either ex- state, owing to large-scale develop- tremely familiar with the Maputaland ment of infrastructure and monocul- Centre or were experienced taxono- tures. Tourists are now seeking to visit mists, or both. Participants were sent pristine areas such as southern Mo- out in collecting groups that were led Rising water tables and sinking SABONET zambique; we believe that conserva- by scientific leaders. As part of the 4x4s. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) tion cannot stand apart from develop- training output of the expedition, par- ment and that local initiatives in south- ticipants are currently preparing arti- ern Mozambique should be based on in southern Mozambique, we hope to cles based on the collections made dur- the very succesful development plan provide more accurate accounts that ing the expedition. Participants and of the St Lucia World Heritage Site. To can be used to address future research scientific leaders have committed keep foreign tourists interested, it is projects and conservation initiatives. themselves to coordinate articles on important to protect the natural envi- For instance, a checklist that captures the following topics: ronment from large-scale develop- the richness of the Woody Grassland • Dlamini, Bongani. Highly valued ment. will contribute considerably to the pro- timber species of Sand Forest. tection of these grasslands, as these • Geldenhuys, Coert. Past and future SABONET’s Contribution parts of the Maputaland Centre remain dynamics of the Licuati Forest. particularly poorly conserved and • Gondwe, Ernest. Plants of Maputo SABONET’s objectives are not to study managed. In addition, there is a great Elephant Reserve and Licuati Forest threats to ecosystems, but rather to need for studies on the sustainable use Reserve that make good garden sub- inventory plant diversity and to focus of Sand Forests resources. By gaining jects. interested parties’ attention on an ar- a better understanding of the re- • Govender, Nikaya. A crinum from ea’s endemic, rare, and endangered sources of the forest, management Maputo Elephant Reserve. species. By creating and updating the plans can be developed based on these • Govender, Nikaya. An orchid from existing plant checklists of the reserves checklists. Maputo Elephant Reserve. • Goyder, David. Diversity and ende- mism in the Asclepiadaceae of the region. • Izidine, Samira. Indigenous knowl- edge of Licuati Forest Reserve. • Kwembeya, Ezekiel. Pteridophytes of Maputaland. • Martins, Teresa. Experiences of the Southern Mozambique Expedition. • Msekandiana, Gladys. Plant species on the coastal dunes of Maputo El- ephant Reserve. • Ngwenya, Alfred. Sedges of Maputo Elephant Reserve and Licuati Forest Reserve. • Nyirenda, Florence. The herbaceous flora of Maputo Elephant Reserve and Licuati Forest Reserve. • Shabalala, Christopher. Uses of SABONET 4x4s parked at the beach at Ponta du Ouro. (Photo: Sand Forest medicinal plants from Christopher Shabalala) Mozambique in Swaziland.

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 15 • Tlali, Mojalefa. Notes on some of the ADAMO, A., BARBOSA, F., DUTTON, P., ces 4–5. Unpublished Report, Eduardo indigenous plants of Maputo El- GAGNAUX, P. & DUTTON, S. 1997. Plant Mondlane University, Maputo. ephant Reserve and Licuati Forest Resources with some observations on MATTHEWS, W.S., VAN WYK, A.E., VAN Reserve. achieving sustainability. pp. 25–28. Un- ROOYEN, N. & BOTHA, G.A. 2001. Veg- • Turner, Queen. Medicinal plants of published Report, Projecto Santaca, etation of the Tembe Elephant Park, Maputo Elephant Reserve and Direcção Nacional de Florestas e Fauna Maputaland, South Africa. South African Licuati Forest Reserve. Bravia. Journal of Botany 67: 573–594. • Uiras, Marianne. An endemic grass ANONYMOUS. 2000. Biodiversity in coastal NUVUNGA, R.S. undated. Estudo da planta species from the Sand Forest of Maputaland (northern KwaZulu-Natal Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen. Maputaland. and southern part of Mozambique): links Em santaca: Estado de conservação e uso • Uiras, Marianne. Maputo Elephant between geology and ecology. pelas comunidades locais. Appendix VI. Reserve and Licuati Forest Reserve Biodiversity and sand dune mobility in Unpublished Report, Eduardo Mon- grass diversity. the coastal zone in Maputaland, NUFU dlane University, Maputo. • Van Wyk, Braam. Biodiversity of PROJECT 16/98, University co-operation SIEBERT, S.J., DA SILVA, M.A.C. & Sand Forest. on nature conservation and manage- IZIDINE, S. 2001. Announcing the • Winter, Pieter. Botanical diversity of ment. http://inqua.nlh.no/maputa/ Southern Mozambique Expedition. Maputo Elephant Reserve and mapproj.html. SABONET News 6(3): 196–198. Licuati Forest Reserve. BANDEIRA, S.O., HATTON, J.C., VAN WYK, A.E. 1996. Biodiversity of the MUNISSE, P. & IZIDINE, S. 1994. The Maputaland Centre. In: L.J.G. van der Last Words ecology and conservation status of plant Maesen et al. (eds), The biodiversity of resources in Mozambique. In: B.J. African plants, pp. 198–207. Kluwer Aca- The southern Mozambique region is Huntley (ed.), Botanical diversity in demic Publishers, The Netherlands. earmarked to become one of the most southern Africa, Strelitzia 1, pp. 105–115. VAN WYK, A.E. & SMITH, G.F. 2001. Re- popular tourist destinations in south- National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. gions of floristic endemism in southern ern Africa. It is renowned for its broad BOTHA, G.A. 1997. Maputaland: focus on Africa: a review with emphasis on suc- white beaches and magnificent coral the Quarternary evolution of the south- culents. Umdaus Press, Pretoria. reefs. Development is inevitable and east African coastal plain, field guide and WILLIS, C., BURROWS, J. & WINTER, P. the influx of people during the next ten abstracts. Council for Geoscience, Pre- 2000. SABONET Nyika Expedition 2000. years will increase substantially as toria. SABONET News 5(1): 5-14. more people find ways to make a liv- BRUTON, M.N. & COOPER, K.H. (eds) ing here. SABONET hopes that the in- 1980. Studies on the ecology of Maputa- —Stefan Siebert formation gathered during the expe- land. Rhodes University and Wildlife SABONET Regional Coordinator dition will make people aware of the Society of South Africa, Grahamstown [email protected] uniqueness of this botanical treasure & Durban. in Africa and that it will assist with de- BULPIN, T.V. 1969. Natal and the Zulu coun- —Salomao Bandeira velopment plans that take into account try. Books of Africa, Cape Town. Department of Biological Sciences both the socio-economic and biodi- COSSA, A., RIBEIRO, E. & PEREIRA, C. Eduardo Mondlane University versity issues of the region. 2000. Metodologia para a instalação e [email protected] medição de parcelas permanentes Overall, SABONET’s second regional Floresta de Licuati. Appendix 3. Unpub- —John Burrows botanical collecting expedition to lished Report, Eduardo Mondlane Uni- Buffelskloof Herbarium southern Mozambique was very suc- versity, Maputo. Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve cessful and a great learning experience CHUMA, M., DE BOER, F. & BANDEIRA, [email protected] for all involved. S. 1999. Estudo da vegetação e da herbivoria através da instalação de —Pieter Winter We would like to thank all the participants, sci- quadrículas definitivas na Reserva Espe- Herbarium (UNIN) entific leaders, and the logistic team for their cial de Maputo. pp. 67–78. Unpublished University of the North hard work to make this expedition such a suc- Report, Eduardo Mondlane University, [email protected] cess. A special thanks to Ms Samira Izidine, for Maputo. all her help with planning the expedition and HAANDRIKMAN, V.H. 1998. Vegetation coordinating the course. This botanical collect- and elephants in Reserva Especial de ing expedition was made possible through the Maputo. Appendices XIII–IX. Unpub- funding provided to the SABONET Project by lished Report, Eduardo Mondlane Uni- the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) through versity, Maputo. the United Nations Development Programme HUNTLEY, B.J., MATOS, E.M., AYE, T.T., (UNDP). Thanks also to Dr Calisto Bias (Direc- et al. 1998. Inventory, evaluation and tor of INIA), Mr Mario da Silva (INIA), and Dr monitoring of botanical diversity in Salamao Bandeira (Eduardo Mondalane Uni- southern Africa: a regional capacity and versity) from Maputo, for their effort and time institution building network (SABO- during the planning of this expedition. The Royal NET). SABONET Report Series No. 4. Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, funded SABONET, Pretoria. Dr David Goyder’s attendance as a scientific MARIA, F.L.J., DE BOER, F. & HATTON, J. leader on the expedition. Mr Ronald Phamphe, 1997. Estudo da composição específica e from the University of Pretoria, is thanked for biomassa das comunidades vegetais na the quality control of the provisional checklist. Reserva Especial de Maputo. Appendi-

16 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Milibangalala Restaurant—courtesy of the Logistics Team. Participants enjoying a joke in the Licuati Forest. (Photo: John Burrows) (Photo: Christopher Shabalala)

An extremely bad collecting day. An extremely good collecting day. (Photo: Christopher Shabalala) (Photo: Christopher Shabalala)

The Logistics Team—our heroes! Back: Dave Hempson, Mervyn Lotter Middle: John Burrows, Sandie Burrows, Gill Condy Front: Sean Condy, David Malumane (Photo: Stefan Siebert)

Participants recording locality information in coastal Mario da Silva from Mozambique coordinated the grassland near Ponta Malongane. (Photo: Stefan Siebert) collecting in the Dune Forests of Maputo Elephant Reserve. (Photo: Stefan Siebert)

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 17 SABONET Expedition 2001 The Expedition Members in the Licuati Forest Reserve

(Photo: Mervyn Lotter)

BACK: Mr John Burrows (logistics team), Ms Nikaya Govender (South Africa), Ms Marianne Uiras (Namibia), Ms Gladys Msekandiana (Malawi), Mr David Malumane (logistics team), Mr Bongani Dlamini (Swaziland), Mr Sean Condy (logistics team).

MIDDLE: Ms Nozipo Nobanda (Zimbabwe), Ms Florence Nyirenda (Zambia), Ms Teresa Martins (), Mr Christopher Shabalala (Swaziland), Mr Mojalefa Tlali (Lesotho), Mr Ernest Gondwe (Zambia), Mr Alfred Ngwenya (South Africa), Ms Gill Condy (logistics team), Mr Ezekeil Kwembeya (Zimbabwe).

SEATED ON CHAIRS: Ms Queen Turner (Botswana), Dr Coert Geldenhuys (resource person), Mr Stefan Siebert (SABONET), Mr Calane da Silva (Mozambique), Prof. Braam van Wyk (resource person), Dr David Goyder (resource person), Ms Samira Izidine (Mozambique).

FRONT: Mr Pieter Winter (resource person), Ms Sandie Burrows (logistics team), Mr Salamao Macitela (Mozambique), Mr Luis (driver), Mr Carlos Boane (Mozambique), Mr Abilio Manhique (Mozambique), Mr Dave Hempson (logistics team).

ABSENT FROM PHOTO: Mr Wayne Matthews (resource person), Dr Salamao Bandeira (Mozambique), Mr Mervyn Lotter (logistics team).

18 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 SABONET Expedition 2001 Crinum stuhlmannii in Maputaland

cine to treat a wide range of ailments, forbesii (Lindl.) Schult. & Schult.f. was from abscesses and allergies to rheu- described from bulbs that were sent matism and urinary tract problems to England by John Forbes from (Hutchings 1996). Delagoa Bay in 1822. However, from his journal, which is in the possession Crinum stuhlmannii, commonly known of the Royal Horticultural Society in Crinum delagoense with its showy as the candy-striped crinum, is found London, it has been gathered that he and . scattered in grasslands or open wood- had found more than one Crinum (Photo: N. Govender) lands on sandy soils. It occurs in the (Verdoorn 1962). Today, however, there basins of the Limpopo and Zambezi is no type either in the form of a her- lant collecting on the SABONET Rivers, but is concentrated at the coast barium specimen or a figure. We are PSouthern Mozambique Expedition from northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mo- left only with a description of the spe- 2001 began on 25 November. While zambique. It also occurs in Zimbabwe, cies, which describes the flowers as “of exploring the pristine coastal Zambia, and Malawi, but it is most fre- a most delicate pink” and the leaves as grasslands along the road from Ponta quent along the coast of and narrow, canaliculate, and glaucous. Molangane to Ponto da Ouro, we . A disjunct distribution occurs This description differs notably from stumbled upon a striking example of in the central parts of Namibia. The C. stuhlmannii, which has brightly Crinum stuhlmanniiBaker. I cautiously bulbs are about 220 mm in diameter striped flowers and leaves that are began to dig up the bulb and soon re- and abruptly narrow to the neck. long, broad, and trailing on the alised that my small geological pick Leaves are broad, more or less spread- ground. C. forbesii remains an insuffi- was not strong enough. With the help ing along the ground, with a very nar- ciently known species (Verdoorn 1962) of Bongani Dlamini from Swaziland, I row cartilagenous and distinctly cili- that must be rejected. Any attempt to managed to extract the enormous bulb ate border. The flowers are white with resurrect this name without new evi- from the ground. Getting the plant to a deep magenta keel or sometimes en- dence is in strong contrast with the aim fit into the press was an adventure on tirely deep pink; 10–30 flowers occur of the Nomenclatural Code to limit un- its own. per umbel. Fruits are fleshy and large, necessary and unfortunate name about 70 mm in diameter, round, shiny changes (Archer & Archer 1996). One of the most striking features of the pinkish-red and usually not beaked Crinum (krinin = lily) is that (Pooley 1998). According to Verdoorn Verdoorn (1962) states that C. leaves more than a year old have lost (1962), Mrs Monteiro writes that the delagoense is closely related to the their tips by a clean cut. This occurs as fruits “are almost as showy as the flow- grass crinum, C. graminicola Verdoorn. a result of the leaves dying back to the ers, each one growing to the size of a The peduncles and pedicels of C. base in winter and then growing out large apple and when ripe turning a delagoense are usually longer (20–50 again during spring. Only a few leaves bright crimson.” All of this makes C. mm) than that of C. graminicola (5–25 in the centre are new and have intact stuhlmannii an attractive garden plant mm). The perianth-tube of the latter apices (Verdoorn 1973). C. moorei both in flower and in fruit. The ease persists like a beak on the fruit. The Hook.f. differs in that the majority of with which this plant can be produced areas of distribution of these two spe- leaves are intact and appear as neat from seed makes the fact that it is not cies differ in that C. graminicolaoccurs tips. The other outstanding feature is widely grown in cultivation deplor- mostly west of the escarpment in the umbels that bear very large flow- able. grasslands or open woodlands at me- ers with long, trumpet-shaped tubes. dium to high altitudes, predominantly Owing to earlier discrepancies and in the North-West Province, Gauteng, The genus has over 130 described spe- unnecessary name changes, there has Mpumalanga, and along the KwaZulu- cies that are distributed throughout the been much debate over the names of Natal border with Mpumalanga. tropics and warm temperate regions a few of the Mozambique species. Ac- (Asia, Africa, America, Australia, and cording to Nordal (1977 cited in Archer It is believed that the variable tropical Japan). More than half this number & Archer 1996), it is likely that C. species, C. stuhlmannii, may eventually occur in Africa and of these, 23 spe- delagoense is conspecific with Crinum include C. graminicola, perhaps as sub- cies are found in southern Africa. The stuhlmannii from East Africa. Crinum species, once the complex has been habitats of Crinum species vary from delagoense used to be referred to as studied throughout its range. mountain or hill slopes to low-lying Crinum forbesianum Herb. However, areas on riverbanks, pans, and at the Verdoorn (1962) pointed out that this The success of this trip was due to the coast (Verdoorn 1973). Crinum species is an illegitimate name based on Ama- combined efforts of many people: are used in traditional African medi- ryllis forbesii Lindley. The name C. Stefan Siebert and his team in Preto-

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 19 SABONET Expedition 2001 ria, John and Sandy Burrows and all to work out from where they came is a who were on the Logistics Team, and challenging and educational exer- the Scientific Leaders. Thank you to all cise—often, they have originated far who helped to make this a very memo- from the beach on which they were rable trip. I am also grateful to Pieter found stranded. Winter (Scientific Leader on the expe- dition and Curator of the Herbarium During the SABONET Mozambique at the University of the North) and Expedition, we made several Robert Archer (National Herbarium, early-morning drift seed collec- Pretoria) for their invaluable advice on tions at Ponta Milibangalala in this article. the Maputo Elephant Reserve, and one sweep of the beach at Ponta Dobela. These two beaches ARCHER, R.H. & ARCHER, C. 1996. Notes yielded seeds representing 25 differ- on African Plants: Should Crinum ent taxa, 15 of which we were able to forbesii (Lindl.) Schult. & Schult.f. be re- identify down to species level. instated? Bothalia 26,2: 153. HUTCHINGS, A. 1996. Zulu medicinal Drift seeds have three main plants— an inventory. University of Na- points of origin, each dictat- tal Press, Pietermaritzburg, pp. 51–52. ing where, and whether, they POOLEY, E. 1998. A field guide to wild flow- will be able to germinate and ers—KwaZulu-Natal and the eastern re- reach maturity once washed gion. Natal Flora Publications Trust, Dur- ashore. ban, pp. 350–351. VERDOORN, I.C. 1962. Crinum delago- Seeds of Littoral Plants ense. The flowering plants of Africa 35: t. alking along the high-tide mark 1389. Wof the beach early in the morn- Plants that colonize and grow along the VERDOORN, I.C. 1973. The genus Crinum ing can be a fascinating experience. In- upper reaches of the beach and the in southern Africa. Bothalia 11: 27–52 variably the high tide will have washed seaward-facing dunes above the beach up onto the sand a number of seeds of are known as littoral plants. They are —Nikaya Govender plants often unfamiliar to the average pioneer plants that rely upon having Natal Herbarium inland botanist. These drift seeds are seeds that are able to withstand the usually specially equipped with a seawater and can be dispersed by the tough, water-resistant outer shell or ocean currents that sweep the beaches. testa to keep the seawater out, and an Plants such as Ipomoea pes-caprae air-filled cavity (or cavities) so that the (Convolvulaceae) and Scaevola seeds can remain afloat for months— plumieri () have such or even years—on the sea surface. successful seed dispersal mechanisms These characteristics enable them to that they are found on most Indian be carried many thousands of kilome- Ocean beaches, from Africa to Indo- tres by the ocean currents that criss- nesia and Australia. Sometimes the cross the seas of the world. Attempt- seeds have a relatively short viability ing to identify these seeds and trying period and, although confined to the

Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis (Convolvulaceae) is found along the tropical coastlines of Africa and the Americas.

20 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 SABONET Expedition 2001 Drift Seeds of the Maputaland Coast

littoral dunes, have not man- viously able to withstand short trips on million up the estuaries to aged to move across oceans to the ocean currents, since they are ca- the lower riverine forests? other continents. A good exam- pable of moving from one estuary to Or is the transportation of their ple of this is the attractive another and have colonized most es- seeds down to the sea merely an una- legume, Sophora in- tuaries and river mouths in the tropi- voidable consequence of growing next hambanensis, which cal regions around the Indian Ocean. to a large coastal river, and that this is occurs from Kenya just a built-in wastage of seed to the to KwaZulu-Natal, Seeds of Inland Riverine oceans? The seeds are hard, unappe- but which has not Plants tizing, and probably indigestible and dispersed be- therefore unlikely to be eaten by any yond this region. This is a somewhat strange assem- animal likely to transport the seeds in- blage of species that do not grow next land in their gut. It seems strange, to the sea, either on the beach or in therefore, that two groups of plants , but are normally found that produce some of the most long- along the lower reaches of the larger lived seeds in the sea, have no way to ensure that the seeds reach a suitable destination for them to continue their life-cycle and perpetuate the species.

Thus a few walks down a Mozambican beach, keeping a sharp eye on the de- bris washed ashore, together with a little research, can reveal a fascinating world of oceanic seed dispersal, strange seed morphology, and ques- tions regarding the reproductive biol- ogy and ecology of a wide range of plants representing widely differing genera and families. Truly, a different form of botanizing!

Canavalia rosea () shedding its seeds on to the GUNN, C.R. & DENNIS, J.V. 1999. World beach at Ponta Dobela. guide to tropical drift seeds and fruits. Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, Seeds of Mangrove Plants rivers that drain into the sea. The two Florida. genera that are regularly found MUIR, J. 1937. Seed-drift of South Africa These include seeds of the true man- stranded on southern African beaches and some influences of ocean currents on groves belonging to the family are Entada and Mucuna. Both are the strand vegetation. Memoirs of the Rhizophoraceae, as well as species that climbers or lianes in the family Botanical Survey of South Africa, Bo- occur on the inland fringes of the man- Fabaceae and both have large bean- tanical Research Institute, Pretoria. groves, for example, Avicennia marina like seeds with a very hard and water- (Avicenniaceae), Xylia granatum resistant testa. Frequently they are —John & Sandie Burrows (), Barringtonia racemosa found washed up on beaches many (Lecthydiaceae), and Heritiera littoralis hundreds or thousands of kilometres (Sterculiaceae). Seeds of true man- from their points of origin, usually re- groves (Rhizophora, Ceriops, Bruguie- taining their viability for a year or ra), and Avicennia germinate on the more. plant before they fall to the mud be- low where they continue growing But these species beg the question: without delay. Although tolerant of How do these seeds find their way saltwater, none of these species is able back up the rivers, away from the sea to tolerate long periods in the sea and water, to where they can germinate the seeds quickly absorb seawater and and grow? Do they rely upon freak Field drawing of Scaevola plumieri sink or rot. None the less, they are ob- storms or tides to carry one seed in a (Goodeniaceae) made by Sandie Burrows at Milibangalala.

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 21 SABONET Expedition 2001 Drift Seeds of the Maputaland Coast Seeds collected on the beaches of Ponta Dobela and Ponta Milibangalala

Species Family Origin Notes Aleurites sp. Euphorbiaceae Southeast Asia Barringtonia asiatica Lecthydiaceae Southeast Asia Only one seed found Barringtonia racemosa Lecthydiaceae Eastern Africa Common in and around mangroves Calophyllum inophyllum Clusiaceae/Guttiferae Eastern Africa & Rare in Africa; probably northern Mozambique from Asia Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpiniaceae Eastern Africa One plant growing at Milibangalala Canavallia rosea Fabaceae most tropical beaches Growing locally on sand dunes Dioclea reflexa Fabaceae Five seeds found Entada rheedii (=E. purseatha) Mimosaceae Eastern Africa The common “Sea Bean” Heritiera littoralis Sterculiaceae Beira northwards to Good “floater,” but short eastern Africa viability Intsia bijuga Caesalpiniaceae Madagascar Common on some South African beaches Ipomoea pes-caprae Convovulaceae most tropical beaches Common beach plant in southern Africa Mucuna gigantea Fabaceae Eastern Africa & Climber in lowland forests Australasia Mucuna sp. Fabaceae probably Eastern Africa Scaevola plumieri Goodeniaceae most tropical shores Common at Milibangalala Sophora inhambanensis Fabaceae Kenya to South Africa At Milibangalala (KwaZulu-Natal) Xylia granatum Meliaceae Central Mozambique Large seeds partially northwards decomposed various unknown and immature Rhizophoraceae local mangrove forests Too young to identify with certainty unknown /Palmae unknown, not Africa Only one seed, perhaps Madagascan 6 x unknown seeds various unknown Did you know …

that approximately 44 botanists from six participating SABONET countries undertook 22 National Field Trips in 2001?

A total of 17 959 km was travelled in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, and Zimbabwe and 1 427 plant specimens were collected.

This means on average one specimen was collected for every 12 km travelled.

22 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 SABONET Expedition 2001 Provisional Plant Checklist

his checklist was used during the SABONET Regional Expedition to the Maputo Elephant Reserve (MER) and Licuati TForest Reserve (LFR). All families are arranged alphabetically, with genera alphabetically within families.

An asterisk (*) indicates Maputaland endemic and near-endemic taxa.

TAXON NAME MERLFR TAXON NAME MERLFR

ACANTHACEAE Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R.&A. Fernandes a a

Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders. subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu * a Rhus chirindensis Bak.f. a

Barleria prionitis L. subsp. delagoensis (Oberm.) Brummitt & J.R.I. Wood * a a R. gueinzii Sond. a a

Blepharis delagoensis Juss a R. natalensis Bernh.ex Krauss a

Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Soland.ex Roem. & Schult. a Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. a a

Justicia flava (Vahl) Vahl a

J. fureata L. a Annona senegalensis Pers. a a

Monechma debile (Forssk.) Nees a Artabotrys monteiroae Oliv. a

Ruttya ovata Harv. a Monanthotaxis caffra (Sond.) Verdc. a

Sclerochiton apiculatus Vollesen * a Monodora junodii Engl.& Diels a a

Thunbergia crispa Burkill Uvaria lucida Benth. subsp. virens (N.E. Br.) Verdc. a

ADIANTACEAE Xylopia sp. nov. * a

Cheilanthes hirta Swartz APIACEAE

Pellaea viridis (Forssk.) Prantl Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. a AIZOACEAE

Gisekia africana (Lour.) Kuntze Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd a

ALOACEAE Ancylobothrys petersiana (Klotzsch) Pierre a a

Aloe barberae Dyer Callichilia orientalis S. Moore * a

A. chabaudii Schonl. Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan a

A. marlothii A. Berger subsp. orientalis Glen & Hardy * C. tetramera (Sacleux) Stapf a a

AMARANTHACEAE Carvalhoa campanulata K. Schum. a

Alternanthera nodiflora R.Br. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. a

Cyathula cylindrica Moq. Landolphia kirkii T. Dyer a a

Psilotrichum sericeum (Koen. ex. Roxb.) Dalz. Rauvolfia caffra Sond. a

Pupalia lappacea (L.) A. Juss. Strophanthus luteolus Codd * a

AMARYLLIDACEAE Tabernaemontana elegans Stapf a a

Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis & Nordal Voacanga thouarsii Roem. & Schult. a

ANACARDIACEAE natalensis Stapf * a a

Anacardium occidentale L. ARACEAE

Lannea discolor (Sond.) Engl. Gonatopus rhizomatosus Oberm. * a

L. schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. stuhlmannii (Engl.) Kokwaro Stylochiton natalensis Schott a

Mangifera indica L. a Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Lodd.) Engl. a

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 23 TAXON NAME MERLFR TAXON NAME MERLFR

ARALIACEAE V. oligocephala (DC.) Sch. Bip. ex Walp. a

Cussonia spicata Thunb. a V. poskeana Vatke & Hildebr. a ARECACEAE BALANITACEAE

Hyphaene coriacea Gaertn. a Balanites maughamii Sprague a a

Phoenix reclinata Jacq. a a BIGNONIACEAE

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Dolichandrone alba (Sim) Sprague * a

Aristolochia elegans Mast. a Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. a

ASCLEPIADACEAE K. pinnata (Jacq.) DC. a

Aspidoglossum delagoense (Schltr.) Kupicha * a Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Spach a

Brachystelma vahrmeijeri R.A. Dyer * a BLECHNACEAE

Ceropegia carnosa E. Mey. a Stenochlaena tenuifolia (Desv.) T. Moore a

Cynanchum ellipticum (Harv.) R.A. Dyer a BREXIACEAE

C. obtusifolium L.f. a Brexia madagascariensis (Lam.) Ker-Gawl. a

Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey. a BURSERACEAE

G. tomentosus Burch. subsp. tomentosus a Commiphora neglecta Verdoorn a

Huernia zebrina N.E. Br. a C. schlechteri Engl. a

Pachycarpus concolor E. Mey. [form] * a CACTACEAE

Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. a Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S. Mill.) Stearn subsp. mauritiana (DC.) Barthlott a

Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R. Br. a a CAESALPINIACEAE

Secamone delagoensis Schltr. * a a Bauhinia galpinii N.E. Br. a

S. filiformis (L.f.) J.H. Ross a CAMPANULACEAE

Tylophora anomala N.E. Br. a Wahlenbergia denticulata (Burch.) A. DC. a

T. apiculata K. Schum. a CANELLACEAE

ASPARAGACEAE Warburgia salutaris (Bertol. f.) Chiov. * a a

Asparagus aethiopicus (L.) Oberm. a CAPPARACEAE

A. falcatus (L.) Oberm. a a Boscia filipes Gilg a

A. odiacium (L.) Oberm. a Cadaba natalensis Sond. a

A. plumosus (Bark.) Oberm. a a Capparis tomentosa Lam. a

A. setaceus (Kunth) Oberm. a Cladostemon kirkii (Oliv.) Pax & Gilg a a

A. sprengeri (L.) Oberm. a Cleome angustifolia Forssk. a

A. virgatus (Bak.) Oberm. a C. bororensis (Klotzsch) Oliv. * a

ASTERACEAE Maerua angolensis DC. a

Brachylaena discolor DC. a a CELASTRACEAE

B. huillensis O. Hoffm. a Cassine aethiopica Thunb. a

Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) T. Norl. a C. transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Codd a

Helichrysum kraussii Sch. Bip. a a Gymnosporia markwardii Jordaan a

H. longifolium DC. a G. senegalensis (Lam.) Loes a

Launaea sarmentosa (Wild.) Sch. Bip. ex Kuntze a Hippocratea delagoensis Loes. * a

Nidorella resedifolia DC. a Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.K.B. Robson subsp. arenaria Molina * a

Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake a M. heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.K.B. Robson subsp. heterophylla a a

V. glabra (Steetz) Vatke a Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. a a

V. natalensis Sch. Bip. ex Walp. a Pseudocassine transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Bredell a

24 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 TAXON NAME MERLFR TAXON NAME MERLFR

Salacia kraussii (Harv.) Harv. * a D. mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. a

CHRYSOBALANACEAE D. natalensis (Harv.) Brenan. a a

Parinari capensis Harv. subsp. incohata F. White * a D. rotundifolia Hiern * a

CLUSIACEAE divinorum Hiern a

Garcinia livingstonei T. Anders. a a E. natalensis A. DC subsp. rotundifolia F. White * a a COLCHICACEAE ERYTHROXYLACEAE

Gloriosa superba L. a Erythroxylum delagoense Schinz * a

COMBRETACEAE E. emarginatum Thonn. a

Combretum apiculatum Sond. a a EUPHORBIACEAE

C. celastroides Welw. ex Laws. subsp. orientale * a Antidesma venosum E. Mey. ex Tul. a

C. gueinzii Sond. a Bridelia cathartica Bertol.f. a a

C. hereroense Schinz a B. micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. a

C. imberbe Wawra a Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. a

C. mkuzense Carr & Retief * a Croton pseudopulchellus Pax. a a

C. molle R. Br. ex G. Don a C. steenkampianus Gerstner * a

Pteleopsis myrtifolia (Laws.) Engl. & Diels a C. sylvaticus Hochst. a

Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. a a Drypetes arguta (Mull. Arg.) Hutch. a

COMMELINACEAE D. natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. a a

Commelina benghalensis L. a Euphorbia confinalis R.A. Dyer subsp. confinalis * a

Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan a E. cooperi N.E. Br. ex Berger a

CONVOLVULACEAE E. grandidens Haw. a

Astripomoea malvacea (Klotzsch) A. Meeuse a E. tirucalli L. a

Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. a Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. a a

I. tenuipes Verdc. a Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster a a

Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. a Phyllanthus delagoensis Hutch. a

CRASSULACEAE P. meyerianus Mull. Arg. a

Crassula lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. a P. reticulatus Poir. a a

CUCURBITACEAE P. sp. nov. * a

Coccinia rehmannii Cogn. a a Sapium ellipticum (Krauss) Pax a a

Momordica balsamina L. a S. integerrimum (Hochst.) J. Leonard a a

CYPERACEAE Spirostachys africana Sond. a a

Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R. Haines a Suregada zanzibariensis Baill. a

Cyperus crassipes Vahl a Tragia glabrata (Mull. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. a

C. papyrus L. a FABACEAE

DRACAENACEAE Abrus fruticulosus Wall ex Wight & Arn. a

Sansevieria concinna N.E. Br. * a A. precatorius L. a a

S. conspicua N.E. Br. a Acacia burkei Benth. a

S. hyacinthoides (L.) Druce a A. caffra (Thunb.) Willd. a

S. pearsonii N.E. Br. a A. davyi N.E. Br. a

EBENACEAE A. karroo Hayne a a

Diospyros galpinii (Hiern) De Winter a A. kraussiana Meisn. ex Benth. * a

D. inhacaensis F. White * a A. nigrescens Oliv. a

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 25 TAXON NAME MERLFR TAXON NAME MERLFR

A. nilotica (L.) Willd.ex Del. subsp. kraussiana (Benth.) Brenan a a Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. a a

A. polyacantha Willd. subsp. campylacantha (Hochst.ex A. Rich.) Brenan a Vigna nuda N.E. Br. a

A. robusta Burch. subsp. clavigera (E. Mey.) Brenan a Zornia caffra J. Gmelin a

A. xanthophloea Benth. a

Afzelia quanzensis Welw. a a Casearia junodii Schinz a

Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wight. a a Dovyalis longispina (Harv.) Warb. * a a

A. forbesii Benth. a Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. a

A. petersiana (Bolle) Oliv. subsp. evansii (Burtt Davy) Brenan a kraussiana Hochst a a

A. versicolor Welw. ex Oliv. a a FLAGELLARIACEAE

Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. a Flagellaria guineensis Schumach. a

A. vaginalis (L.) DC. a GOODENIACEAE

Baphia kirkii Baker subsp. ovata (Sim) Soladoye * a Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl a

Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. a HYACINTHACEAE

Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene a Ornithogalum tenuifolium Delaroche subsp. tenuifolium a

C. plumosa E. Mey. a HYPOXIDACEAE

Craibia zimmermannii (Harms) Dunn. a Hypoxis filiformis Bak. a

Crotalaria monteiroi Taub. ex Bak. f. var. monteiroi * a ICACINACEAE

C. pallida Ait. a Apodytes dimidiata E.Mey. ex Arn. a a

C. sphaerocarpa Perr. ex DC. a IRIDACEAE

Dalbergia arbutifolia Bak. a Gladiolus crassifolius Bak. a

D. obovata E. Mey. a G. dalenii Van Geel a

Dialium schlechteri Harms * a a JUNCACEAE

Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight ex Arn. a a Juncus kraussii Hochst. a

Erythrophleum africanum (Welw. ex Benth.) Harms a a Luzula multifloria DC. a

E. lasianthum Corbishley * a LAMIACEAE

Indigofera arrecta Hochst.ex A. Rich a Hemizygia bracteosa (Benth.) Briq. a

I. delagoaensis Bak. F. ex Gillett * a a H. teucriifolia (Hochst.) Briq. a

I. podophylla Benth. ex Harv. * a Hoslundia opposita Vahl a

I. sanguinea N.E. Br. a Ocimum basilicum L. a

I. spicata Forssk. a O. reclinatum (S.D. Will. & K. Balkwill) A. Paton a

Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A. Chev. a Plectranthus petiolaris E. Mey. ex Benth. a

Newtonia pseudoacacia Baillon a LAURACEAE

N. hildebrandtii (Vatke) Torre a Cassytha filiformis L. a

Peltophorum africanum Sond. a LECYTHIDACEAE

Rhynchosia caribaea (Jacq.) DC. a Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Roxb. a

R. minima (L.) DC. a LOGANIACEAE

R. sublobata (Schumach.) Meikle a Strychnos decussata (Pappe) Gilg a a

Schotia brachypetala Sond. a S. henningsii Gilg a a

S. capitata Bolle * a S. innocua Del. a

Senna petersiana (Bolle) Lock a a S. madagascariensis Poir. a a

Sophora inhambanensis Klotzsch a S. spinosa Lam. a a

Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston a S. usambarensis Gilg a

26 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 TAXON NAME MERLFR TAXON NAME MERLFR

LYTHRACEAE E. capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv.ex Sond. a a

Ammannia multiflora Roxb. a E. woodii Dummer a

Nesaea alata Immelman * a Syzygium cordatum Hochst. a

MALPIGHIACEAE S. cordatum Hochst. [suffruticose form] * a

Acridocarpus natalitius Juss. var. linearifolius Launert * a a S. guineense (Willd.) DC. a OCHNACEAE

Abutilon austro-africanum Hochr. a Ochna barbosae Robson * a

A. grandiflorum G. Don. a O. natalitia (Meisn.) Walp a a

Cienfuegosia digitata Cav. a O. natalitia (Meisn.) Walp [suffruticose form] * a a

Hibiscus altissimus Hornby a OLACACEAE

H. cannabinus L. a Olax dissitiflora Oliv. a

H. schinzii Guerke a Ximenia caffra Sond. a

H. surattensis L. a

H. tiliaceus L. a Ansellia gigantea Reichb.f. a

Pavonia leptocalyx (Sond.) Ulbr. a Microcoelia exilis Lindl. a

P. meyeri Mast. a PASSIFLORACEAE

Sida cordifolia L. a Adenia digitata (Harv.) Engl. a a MELASTOMATACEAE PEDALIACEAE

Memecylon sansibaricum Taub. a Dicerocaryum eriocarpum (Decne.) Abels a

M. sousae A. & R. Fernandes * a a D. senecioides (Klotzch) Abels a MELIACEAE PERIPLOCACEAE

Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. a Cryptolepis delagoensis Schltr. * a

Entandrophragma caudatum (Sprague) Sprague a C. obtusa N.E. Br. a

Pseudobersama mossambicensis (Sim) Verdc. a C. vahmeijeri R. Br. a

Trichilia emetica Vahl a a Raphionacme lucens Venter & Verhoeven * a MENISPERMACEAE PLUMBAGINACEAE

Albertisia delagoensis (N.E. Br.) Forman * a Plumbago zeylanica L. a

Cissampelos hirta Klotzsch * a a POACEAE

Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels a Andropogon gayanus Kunth a

Epinetrum delagoense (N. E. Br.) Diels a A. schirensis A. Rich. a

MESEMBRYATHEMACEAE Aristida congesta Roem & Schult. subsp. congesta a

Carpobrotus dimidiatus (Haw.) L. Bol. a A. congesta Roem. & Schult. subsp. barbicollis (Trin & Rupr.) De Winter a

MORACEAE Bothriochloa insculpta (A. Rich.) A. Camus. a

Cardiogyne africana Bureau a a Brachiaria chusqueoides (Hack.) Clayton a

Ficus glumosa (Miq.) Del. a Cenchrus ciliaris L. a

F. sycomorus L. a a Chloris gayana Kunth a

F. trichopoda Bak. a Coix lacryma-jobi L. a

F. verruculosa Warb. a Cymbopogon excavatus (Hochst) Stapf ex Burtt Davy a

MYROTHAMNACEAE Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. a

Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw. a Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. a

MYRTACEAE D. australe Steud. a

Eugenia albanensis Sond. a Digitaria adscendes Henr. a

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 27 TAXON NAME MERLFR TAXON NAME MERLFR

D. argyrothricha (Anders.) Chiov. a Oxygonum robustum Germishuizen * a

D. debilis (Desf.) Willd. a POLYPODIACEAE

Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz. a Microgramma lycopodioides (L.) Copel. a

Echinochloa holubii (Stapf) Stapf a Microsorium scolopendrium (Burm.f.) Copel. a

Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kunth a a PROTEACEAE

Enneapogon scoparius Stapf a Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. a

Eragrostis capensis (Thunb.) Trin. a PTAEROXYLACEAE

E. heteromera Stapf a Ptaeroxylon obliquum (Thunb.) Radlk. a

E. moggii De Winter var. moggii * a a PTERIDACEAE

E. superba Peyr. a a Acrostichum aureum L. a

Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult. a RANUNCULACEAE

Hyperthelia dissoluta (Nees ex Steud.) Clayton a Clematis viridiflora Bertol. a

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel a RHAMNACEAE

Ischaemum fasciculatum Brongn. a Berchemia zeyheri (Sond.) Grubov a

Megastachya mucronata (Poir.) Beauv. a Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz a

Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka a Ziziphus mucronata Willd. a a

Panicum deustum Thunb. a RHIZOPHORACEAE

P. heterostachyum Hack. a Cassipourea flanaganii (Schinz) Alston a

P. infestum Peters a C. mossambicensis (V. Brehm.) Alston * a

P. laticomum Nees a a RUBIACEAE

P. maximum Jacq. a a Agathisanthemum bojeri Klotzsch. a

Paspalum scrobiculatum L. a Anthospermum herbaceum L.f. a

Perotis patens Gand. a Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & Wood a

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. a Canthium setiflorum Hiern subsp. setiflorum * a a

Pogonarthria squarrosa (Roem. & Schult.) Pilg. a C. spinosum (Klotzsch) Kuntze a a

Sacciolepis curvata (L.) Chase a Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirvengadum a a

Setaria incrassata (Hochst.) Hack. a Coddia rudis (E. Mey. ex Harv.) Verdc. a a

S. megaphylla (Steud.) Dur. & Schinz a Coffea racemosa Lour. * a

S. sphacelata (Schumach.) Moss a Gardenia speciformis Ellis a

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench a G. volkensii K. Schum. subsp. volkensii var. saundersiae (N.E. Br.) Verdc. * a a

Sporobolus congoensis Franch. a Hyperacanthus microphyllus (K. Schum.) D. Bridson * a

S. virginicus (L.) Kunth a Kohautia virgata (Willd.) Brem. a

Themeda triandra Forssk. a a Kraussia floribunda Harv. a

Trachypogon spicatus (L.f.) Kuntze a K. schlechteri Harvey a

Trichoneura grandiglumis (Nees) Ekman a Lagynias lasiantha (Sond.) Bullock * a a

Triraphis androgonoides (Steud.) Phill. a L. monteiroi (Oliv.) Bridson a

T. schinzii Hack. a Leptactina delagoensis K. Schum. subsp. delagoensis a

Urelytrum agropyroides (Hack.) Hack. a Oldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. a

POLYGALACEAE Oxyanthus latifolius Sond. * a

Polygala producta N.E. Br. a Pavetta catophylla K. Schum. * a

Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen. a a P. gerstneri Brem. * a a

POLYGONACEAE P. schumanniana F. Hoffm. ex K. Schum. a

28 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 TAXON NAME MERLFR TAXON NAME MERLFR

P. zeyheri Sond. a Striga junodii Schinz * a

Plectroniella armata (K. Schum.) Robyns * a a SOLANACEAE

Psydrax fragrantissima (K. Schum.) Bridson * a Solanum sp. nov. * a

P. locuples (K. Schum.) Bridson * a a STERCULIACEAE

P. moggii Bridson * a Waltheria indica L. a

P. obovata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Bridson a THYMELAEACEAE

Rothmannia capensis Thunb. a a Synaptolepis kirkii Oliv. a a

R. fischeri (K. Schum.) Bullock subsp. moramballae (Hiern) Bridson a TILIACEAE

Rytigynia celastroides (Baill.) Verdc. a Corchorus junodii (Schinz) N.E. Br. * a

Tarenna junodii (Schinz) Brem. * a Grewia caffra Meisn. a

T. littoralis (Hiern.) Bridson a G. microthyrsa K. Schum. ex Burret * a

T. pavettoides (Harv.) Sim a G. occidentalis L. a

T. supra-axillaris (Hemsl.) Bremek. subsp. barbertonensis (Bremek.) Bridson a Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich. a

Tricalysia capensis (Meisn. ex Hochst.) Sim a a TYPHACEAE

T. delagoensis Schinz * a Typha capensis (Rohrb.) N.E. Br. a

T. sonderiana Hiern a ULMACEAE

Vangueria infausta Burch. a a Chaetacme aristata Planch. a

V. randii S. Moore a Trema orientalis (L.) Blume a RUTACEAE VERBENACEAE

Citropsis daweana Swingle & Kellerm. a Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. a

Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. a a Clerodendrum glabrum E. Mey. a a

Teclea nobilis Del. a Lantana rugosa Thunb. a

Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. a Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng a a

Toddaliopsis bremekampii Verdoorn * a Vitex amboniensis Guerke a

Vepris carringtoniana Mendonca * a V. ferruginea subsp. amboniensis (Gürke) Verdc. a

V. lanceolata (Lam.) G. Don a V. harveyana H. Pearson a

V. reflexa Verdoorn a VISCACEAE

Zanthoxylum delagoense Waterm. * a a Viscum obscurum Thunb. a SALVADORACEAE VITACEAE

Azima tetracantha Lam. a Cissus cornifolia (Bak.) Planch a

SAPINDACEAE C. integrifolia (Bak.) Planch a

Allophylus natalensis (Sond.) De Winter a C. quadrangularis L. a

Deinbollia oblongifolia (E. Mey.ex Arn.) Radlk. a C. rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl a

D. xanthocarpa (Klotzsch) Radlk. a Rhoicissus revoilii Planch. a a

SAPOTACEAE R. sessilifolia Retief * a

Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H. Hemsl. a a XYRIDACEAE

M. sansibarensis (Engl.) Dubard a Xyris anceps Lam. a

Mimusops caffra E.Mey. ex A.DC. a X. multiceps L. a

M. zeyheri Sond. a X. udotea L. a

Sideroxylon inerme L. a a ZAMIACEAE

SCHROPHULARIACEAE Encephalartos ferox Bertol.f. * a

Hebenstretia oatesii Rolfe a E. villosus Lem. a

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 29 SABONETBotanical Garden Management Course October/November 2001

his first SABONET course for bia and Zimbabwe) attended the two- mercialisation. Presenters were from Tsouthern African botanical gar- week course, which was held at various institutions such as the Coun- dens was held in South Africa from 22 Nylsvley Nature Reserve in the North- cil for Scientific and Industrial Re- October to 3 November 2001. The tai- ern Province, and at the Pretoria and search, National Botanical Institute, lor-made course was developed by the Witwatersrand National Botanical Gar- Gauteng Nature Conservation, Durban Gardens Directorate of the NBI to en- dens in Gauteng, South Africa. A total Botanic Gardens, Dale Carnegie, and hance the capacity of senior staff of of 22 resource persons presented 22 Information Mapping Associates. southern African botanical gardens by modules, including topics such as developing their managerial skills. It Policy, Procedures and Process, Stra- A two-week SABONET Horticultural follows closely after the first tegic and Business Planning, Human Course is planned for horticultural staff SABONET course for managers that Resources and Project Management, attached to participating southern Af- was presented to senior staff of her- Master Planning, Conservation, rican botanical gardens. This course is baria from 13–24 August 2001. Threatened Plant Programmes, Nurs- scheduled for 8–20 April 2002 and will ery Development and Management, be hosted by the Durban Botanic Gar- Some 24 people from 21 botanical gar- Fund Raising, Interpretation, Public dens, South Africa. dens in ten African countries (Bot- Speaking, Role of Information Technol- swana, [self-funded], ogy, Records Management, Education, —Stefan Siebert & Christopher Willis Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Na- Outreach Greening, Community In- mibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zam- volvement, and Marketing and Com-

SABONET Botanical Gardens Management Course participants. (Photo: Adela Romanowski)

BACK: Mr Ignatius Malota (Malawi), Mr Christopher Fominyam (Cameroon), Ms Anna Pasipanodya (Zimbabwe), Mr Soul Shava (Zimbabwe), Ms Filomena Barbosa (Mozambique), Mr Nick Klapwijk (South Africa), Ms Karin Behr (South Africa), Mr Trevor Arnold (resource person), Mr Johan Hurter (South Africa), Mr Hans Heilgendorff (resource person), Mr Venancio Mondlane (Mozambique), Mr Augustine Morkel (South Africa).

MIDDLE: Mr Tobias Angula (Namibia), Mr Christopher Phiri (Zambia), Mr Brian Tarr (South Africa), Mr Lloyd Nkoloma (Malawi), Ms Sharon Turner (South Africa), Mr Stefan Siebert (SABONET), Mr Gideon Dlamini (Swaziland).

FRONT: Ms Carla Torre do Vale (Mozambique), Mr Christopher Dalzell (South Africa), Mr Alex Nkhonjera (Malawi), Mr Amadeus Mogale (South Africa), Mr Andrew Mangwarara (Zimbabwe), Mr Diphetogo Menyatso (Botswana), Mr Werner Voigt (South Africa).

ABSENT: Mr Tau Mahlelebe (Lesotho).

30 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 National Workshop for Stakeholders and End-Users of Taxonomic Information and Herbaria

he Mid-Term Review of the serve) on a Private Herbarium. The rest Other requirements and areas for ac- TSABONET project recommended of the workshop focussed on group tion that were identified include: that a series of national end-user work- discussions. • The training of taxonomists, cura- shops be held to look at the needs of tors, and data-capturers the users of taxonomic information Eleven information and service re- • A centralized, widely accessible li- and herbaria. It was decided that a se- quirements were identified and brary system, including a frequently ries of such workshops would be the prioritised during the workshop. The updated list of new literature to be best way to assess user needs and to five most important requirements are distributed to smaller herbaria address these needs in the future. It (in order of descending importance • A herbarium management plan was envisioned that such workshops and priority): would determine • An annually updated list of recom- The attendees agreed that although • Who the major users of botanical mended, annotated, current plant funding was necessary for many of the information were. names. issues identified during the workshop, • What sort of information they re- • The development and implementa- a spirit of co-operation between the quired. tion of a web-based Integrated Bo- various stakeholders would go a long • In what format they required this tanical Information System. way towards attaining these goals. information. • The expansion of current herbarium • How any future botanical project collections by organized and co- We thank all the stakeholders and end could address these issues at na- ordinated collection trips to under- users who attended the workshop de- tional or regional level. collected areas and the targeting of spite busy work schedules. • What the financial and human im- under-collected taxa. plication of such a project would be. • The maintenance and improvement —Yolande Steenkamp of a plant identification service, not Contact person: SABONET End-User The first End-User Workshop was held only by the National Herbarium, but Workshop at the National Herbarium in Pretoria, also by smaller herbaria with the [email protected] South Africa, from 6 to 8 February necessary expertise. 2002. Prof. Gideon Smith (NBI) hosted • The development of an electronic the workshop. The workshop was or- “Quick Guide” to names and identi- ganized by the SABONET Regional ties—this should be a sub-function Office and was attended by 34 of the Integrated Botanical Informa- stakeholders and end-users. The tion System. stakeholders included agricultural in- stitutions, botanical societies, conser- vation agencies, environmental con- sultants, ethnobotanists, traditional healers, universities, and several oth- ers.

The workshop started off with an in- troductory talk by Prof. Gideon Smith. This was followed by presentations by the curators of four different types of herbaria, who looked at the attributes, functions, services provided, and the difficulties faced by these facilities. Prof. Braam van Wyk (H.G.W.J. Schweikerdt Herbarium, University of Pretoria) delivered a talk on a Teach- ing Herbarium. This was followed by talks by Ms Marinda Koekemoer (Na- tional Herbarium) on a Research Her- barium, Ms Sonette Krynauw (Mpumalanga Parks Board and Lydenburg Herbarium) on a Conser- Participants at the first SABONET herbarium end user workshop. vation Herbarium, and Mr John Bur- rows (Buffelspoort Private Nature Re-

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 31 invasive alien plants in Part 3: The Daisies (Asteraceae)

They are • Ageratina adenophora • Ageratina riparia • Ageratum conyzoides • Ageratum houstonianum • Campuloclinium macrocephalum • Chromolaena odorata

These species originate from tropical and subtropical America and the West Indies. They are invading , grassland, forest margins, and commmercial plantations in South Af- rica and neighbouring Swaziland, Map showing the distribution of declared Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. One asteraceous species in South Africa. Bold species, Chromolaena odorata,extends Ageratum conyzoides dots indicate where they are abundant, further northwards to central, eastern, forming stands. and western Africa. ç Map showing 2000–2001 the spread of Chromolaena 1982 1983–1993 Chromolaena 1994–1999 odorata from 1982 Chromolaena odorata (=Eupatorium to 2001 according to odoratum) is commonly known as records in the chromolaena, triffid weed, or paraffin Southern African bush in South Africa, and as Siam Plant Invaders Atlas weed in other parts of the world. It is (SAPIA) database one of the most invasive plants not only and Liggit (1983). in southern Africa, but also the whole of tropical Africa and beyond to India, southeast Asia, and Indonesia. It is Thelechitonia trilobata native to Central and South America and the West Indies. It is a scrambling ome 14 of the 198 (7%) species shrub up to 4 m or higher and forms Slisted as declared plants in South thickets that smother other vegetation. Africa belong to the Asteraceae. These It grows rapidly, flowers within one plants are all invasive and regarded as season, and produces vast quantities harmful to the natural resources of of viable, windblown seeds that can South Africa. Legislation concerning also be dispersed long-distance by at- their control, cultivation, and trade are taching to fur, feathers, and clothing. contained in the Conservation of Ag- It can also reproduce vegetatively by ricultural Resources Act, Act 43 of producing adventitious roots where 1983, and amended in 2001. the stems touch the ground. Oils in the leaves make the plants inflammable The Big Six even when green. Plants are relatively unpalatable and young shoots may Six species belonging to the tribe contain toxic quantities of nitrate. Eupatoriae are amongst the most in- Chromolaena is thought to have been vasive species in southern Africa and unintentionally introduced to Durban, Parthenium hysterophorus threaten the biodiversity of the region. South Africa, during the 1940s and has

32 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 southern africa

spread rapidly over the past 60 years Campuloclinium (see map). Climatic factors limiting its spread are low rainfall and frost. Al- Campuloclinium macrocephalum though chemical control of triffid weed (=Eupatorium macrocephalum), pom- is effective, the growth rate and spread pom weed, is an erect perennial herb of the plant make it impossible to con- up to 1.3 m tall, with bristly hairs cov- tain in the long term over the large, ering the leaves and stems. The often low-value and inaccessible, areas flowerheads are large, pink, and that it invades. Biological control, us- showy. The stem dies back annually to ing natural enemies, is being investi- a root crown. It invades moist grass- gated in southern Africa and is the only land and survives winter fires. This is hope for its successful control. a very ornamental species that was first Chromolaena odorata recorded in the Fountains Valley, Pre- Ageratina toria, in the mid-1970s. In the past five years it has spread dramatically and Xanthium spinosum Ageratina adenophora (=Eupatorium now forms extensive stands in the Pre- Xanthium strumarium adenophorum), crofton weed, is simi- toria and Centurion areas. It is also in- lar in appearance to chromolaena but vasive in the Tzaneen, White River, lower-growing, usually 1–2 m tall, and Barberton, Pietermaritzburg, Durban, either herbaceous or softly woody. It and Port St Johns areas. Pom-pom is of Mexican origin and has become a weed is a serious threat to biodiversity serious weed in Hawaii, Australia, New as it has the ability to invade undis- Zealand, China, and India. In South turbed grassland. It is also unpalatable Africa it has invaded streambanks, for- and spreads at the expense of palat- est margins, and plantations in the able grassland species. Magaliesberg, Magoebaskloof, Pietermaritzburg, Plettenberg Bay, Cirsium Stellenbosch, and Cape Town areas. Natural enemies have been realeased Cirsium vulgare (=C. lanceolatum), as part of a biological control pro- spear or Scotch thistle, is a spiny bien- gramme but their effect is negligible. nial herb native to Europe, Asia, and Cirsium vulgare Ageratina riparia (=Eupatorium ripa- North Africa. It forms a large, flat ro- rium), creeping crofton weed, is a sette of leaves with a deep tap-root the weak-stemmed herb seldom more first year and much-branched stems than 1 m high and creeping in its lower up to 1.5 m high in the second year. It parts. So far it is only known from the has spread with cultivation to many Pietermaritzburg area but, has the po- parts of the world. It was first reported tential to spread more widely. from Van Reenen in the Natal Drakensberg and is thought to have Ageratum been accidentally introduced during the Boer War with hay or fodder. Spear Ageratum conyzoides and A. hou- thistle invades grasslands, riverbanks, stonianum are annual herbs with and the margins of vleis and dams in mauve, blue, or pinkish cool, high rainfall areas. It forms dense and seldom grow taller than 1 m. A. infestations in overgrazed land, aban- houstonianum has larger, fluffier inflo- doned agricultural lands, and animal Ageratina adenophora rescences and has been cultivated as paddocks. The plants are so spiny that Ageratina riparia an ornamental. Both species invade animals are unable to graze nearby and riverbeds, riverbanks, forest margins, thus the presence of the plant drasti- plantations, grassland, wetlands, and cally reduces the carrying capacity of croplands. They often form dense land. Selective grazing by domestic stands that exclude other species. stock and avoidance of the spiny plants There is evidence to suggest that they exacerbates existing overgrazing and have allelopathic properties that inhibit opens the way for further spear thistle the growth and germination of other invasion. plants.

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 33 tralia, congress grass in India, and inflorescences. It invades forest mar- Montanoa hibiscifolia Ageratum spp. feverfew in the Caribbean, where gins, woodland, bush clumps, road- it is native, poses a major health sides, and riverbanks, mainly along the problem and a threat to agriculture KwaZulu-Natal coast. in South Africa. Not only does it in- hibit the growth and seed germi- Thelechitonia nation of other plants through allelopathy (the chemical inhibition Thelechitonia trilobata (=Wedelia of one organism by another), but trilobata), Singapore daisy, is an orna- it also causes asthma and serious mental herb with creeping and root- dermatitis in humans. The ing stems. A native of tropical America, sesquiterpene lactone parthenin is it has been used as a groundcover, es- a major allergen produced by the pecially in sandy coastal areas where species. it can invade dunes. It also invades Parthenium hysterophorus Thelechitonia trilobata riverbanks, wetland margins, road- Parthenium is an annual chrysan- sides, and urban open space. It has themum-like herb, 0.3–1.5 m high. been declared a noxious weed in Aus- It has an erect, longitudinally- tralia. grooved stem, which branches above into a large, open panicle of Next Instalment small, white flowerheads each measuring about 3 mm across. Al- The next article in this series deals with though it was first recorded in Na- the Myrtaceae (eucalypt–myrtle fam- tal, South Africa, in 1880, it appears ily). This group includes important to have become common and trou- commercial species such as Eucalyp- blesome only since the 1980s. It is tus grandis, which is grown for timber, Tithonia diversifolia Tithonia rotundifolia Campuloclinium macrocephalum an aggressive colonizer of waste- and Psidium guajava, the guava, which land, roadsides, railsides, water- is grown for its edible fruit. It also in- courses, cultivated fields, and cludes some ornamental species such overgrazed pastures. In the sub- as Metrosideros excelsa, the New Zea- tropical lowlands of South Africa land bottlebrush, and species of it has become a major nuisance in Eugenia and Syzygium. Species be- and banana plantations. longing to the genera Callistemon and It spreads from seeds which are Melaleuca are also invasive but have adapted to dispersal mainly by not yet been listed as declared plants. water and to a lesser extent by wind. Most long-distance disper- sal is by animals, vehicles, farm ma- Xanthium chinery, and in mud. HENDERSON, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants. Plant Protection Re- Xanthium spinosum, spiny cocklebur, Tithonia search Institute Handbook No. 12. Agri- was the first species to be declared a cultural Research Council, Pretoria. noxious weed in South Africa in 1860. Tithonia diversifolia, Mexican sun- LIGGIT, B. 1983. The invasive alien plant The Afrikaans name ‘boetebossie’ flower (yellow-flowered), and T. Chromolaena odorata, with regard to its (‘bush for which one is fined’) is a di- rotundifolia, red sunflower, are native status and control in Natal. Institute of rect result of this proclamation and to Central America, including Mexico. Natural Resources, University of Natal, concomitant fines. Both X. spinosum They are ornamental shrubs up to 3 m Pietermaritzburg. Rural Studies Series, and X. strumarium, large cocklebur, high with large showy flowers. T. Monograph 2. can cause severe losses to the wool diversifolia is annual or perennial, usu- OLCKERS, T & HILL, M.P. 1999. Biological industry because of their large spiny ally occurring at lower altitudes (0– control of weeds in South Africa (1990– burs that adhere to wool. The burs 600 m), and very common along the 1998). African Entomology Memoir No. 1 become entwined in tails, manes, and KwaZulu-Natal coast. T. rotundifolia is STAFF OF THE PLANT PROTECTION RE- coats of domestic livestock, causing the an annual, and usually occurs at mod- SEARCH INSTITUTE. Weeds/Onkruid. animals much discomfort. Plants in- erate altitudes (600–1 400 m). They Farming in South Africa. Series of pam- vade crop lands, overgrazed pastures, form dense stands along roadsides, phlets produced from 1981to 1992. and riverbanks. The seedlings are par- riverbanks, and in wasteland and can ticularly toxic to domestic livestock. invade savanna and grassland. —Lesley Henderson Both species are probably native to ARC—Plant Protection Research tropical America but have become cos- Montanoa Institute mopolitan weeds. Stationed at National Botanical Montanoa hibiscifolia, tree daisy, native Institute, Pretoria Parthenium to Central America, is a perennial [email protected] shrub or small tree up to 6 m tall. It Parthenium hysterophorus, commonly has large palmately lobed leaves and See the review of Lesley Henderson’s new book, known as parthenium weed in Aus- white flowers in terminal, branching Alien weeds and invasive plants, on page 63.

34 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Declared Plants Belonging to the Asteraceae in South Africa

N.B. The regulations concerning categories 1,2 and 3 are briefly summarised here. To avoid any misunderstanding consult the full regulations given in the Government Gazette, Vol 429, No. 22166 of 30 March 2001 or Henderson (2001).

Category 1: Prohibited; must be controlled, or eradicated where possible. Ageratina adenophora (=Eupatorium adenophorum) Ageratina riparia (=Eupatorium riparium) Ageratum conyzoides Ageratum houstonianum (excluding cultivars) Campuloclinium macrocephalum (=Eupatorium macrocephalum) Chromolaena odorata (=Eupatorium odoratum) Cirsium vulgare (=C. lanceolatum) Parthenium hysterophorus Thelechitonia trilobata (=Wedelia trilobata) (only in KwaZulu-Natal) Tithonia diversifolia Tithonia rotundifolia Xanthium spinosum Xanthium strumarium

Category 2: Allowed only in demarcated areas under controlled conditions; prohibited within 30 m of the 1:50- year floodline of watercourses or wetlands. No species belonging to the Asteraceae

Category 3: No further planting or trade of propagative material allowed; existing plants may remain but must be prevented from spreading; prohibited within 30 m of the 1:50-year floodline of watercourses or wetlands. Montanoa hibiscifolia Thelechitonia trilobata (=Wedelia trilobata) (excluding KwaZulu-Natal)

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 35 How to Review a Scientific Manuscript (Including Hints for Authors)

othing done by a representative istrative detail in the review process, leagues. Once satisfied with the result, Nof the species Homo sapiens is and for the later events that convert you send your manuscript to a scien- ever perfect. In other words: every- accepted manuscripts into published tific journal with the request to pub- thing done by human hand can be im- papers. When problems arise at the lish it. The editor of the journal will look proved. In the present context the proof or publication stage, you should at it and send it to reviewers for their question then arises: how can I im- contact the technical editor. assessment. prove the manuscript I have just writ- ten? The obvious answer: ask your col- Let me arouse in you a little sympathy 3 Author’s response to editor’s and leagues, your peers, what they think for the editors of this world with a reviewers’ comments When the edi- of it. Because two heads are better than quote from Robert Day (1979), who tor returns the manuscript, you may one—at least so they say—and more provided valuable information and in- not agree with all the comments made than two presumably even better. And spiration for the present account: “Edi- and the alterations suggested. You that’s what reviewing or refereeing of tors and managing editors have im- should then contact the scientific edi- manuscripts is all about. possible jobs. What makes their work tor and put your point of view on each impossible is the attitude of authors”. controversial issue as clearly, suc- What is a Reviewer or This attitude is well expressed by Earl cinctly, and objectively as possible, Referee? H. Wood of the Mayo Clinic: “I expect complete with your reasons for disa- the editor to accept all my papers, ac- greeing with the reviewer(s). Never say In the present context a reviewer or cept them as they are submitted, and you disagree with the editor, especially referee is a person who provides a criti- publish them promptly. I also expect if you want to publish further manu- cal assessment of a scientific manu- him to scrutinize all other papers with scripts in the same journal. script, paper, or book. You may com- the utmost care, especially those of my pare reviewers to constitutional mon- competitors”. To continue the slightly 4 Processing the manuscript for archs. They have “the right to be con- adapted quote from Day (1979): “An publication When editor and author sulted, the right to encourage, the right editor who pleases everybody is nei- both agree that the manuscript is suit- to warn”. And as David Ogilvy (1987), ther standing nor sitting, but lying able for publication, usually as modi- from whom I got this idea, added: Both peacefully, surrounded by solemn- fied in the light of peer opinion, it is may say “thank you for according me looking people and lots of flowers”. brought into final shape for printing those rights”. by the editorial staff of the journal. Reviewers are in a less vulnerable po- What is an Editor? sition. First, they are usually anony- 5 Printing and binding Usually un- mous—most editors go to great dertaken by a printing house under the An editor is a person in charge of the lengths to keep their identity a secret close scrutiny of the editorial staff of editing and often the policy of a jour- from the authors—and second, they the journal. nal or newspaper. Most of the bigger are not responsible for the final deci- scientific journals, such as Bothalia, sions regarding the publication of a have two kinds of editors: a scientific manuscript. editor and a technical or managing edi- tor. From Manuscript to Publication The scientific editor is a scientist of good standing in the discipline cov- Before the bright idea in the head ered by the journal. The main function of a scientist emerges as a publi- of the editor is to ensure that the jour- cation for all the world to see, it nal publishes only papers of high, pref- usually goes through six stages of erably international, scientific stand- development. ard. This is the reason why manu- scripts submitted to a journal are sent 1 Writing You, the scientist, to reviewers on whom the editor can armed with the appropriate rely for sound advice. The scientific knowledge, feel the urge, or are editor deals with any queries you may pressurised by your boss, to make have about the assessment of your this knowledge known to the manuscript, and finally decides world. So, you sit down and write. whether it is accepted or rejected. 2 Reviewing by peers The first The technical editor is responsible for people to comment on your manu- checking the style of writing and the script, or at least on ideas incor- language, for the clerical and admin- porated therein, are often your col-

36 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 6 Distribution The completed jour- contributed to. And, as you know— Are the aims and scope clearly outlined nal containing your contribution is the sweetest word in any language at the outset? made available to the user. And only is your name. when it has reached that stage can • You can feel chuffed when you have Are the employed techniques ad- your work be referred to as a scientific done a good job. equate? paper or article. (Even if you say no, you can feel a little Are the materials used appropriate? To Do or Not to Do? bit chuffed, seeing that an editor en- trusted you with a crucial operation in Do the vouchers constitute a repre- And then one day it happens: you re- the genesis of a scientific treatise.) sentative sample? ceive a message from the editor of a botanical journal: “would you be pre- You Have Said Yes Is the discussion relevant? pared to review the enclosed manuscript?”…What now?…am Now what happens? Soon you will re- Are the conclusions sound and sup- I?…am I not? Before you answer, con- ceive a thank-you message accompa- ported by appropriate data? sider the following: nied by a copy of the manuscript, of- ten with further documents such as fig- Are the references appropriate? Reasons for saying no: ures, tables, and maps. You will prob- • It is generally one of the more ably also receive one or two pages with Organisation and Presentation thankless tasks that you as a scien- a string of questions arranged under tist are likely to be asked to perform. headings such as Specific points, Gen- Has the author followed the Instruc- Apart from a letter of thanks from eral comments, Recommendation for tions to authors of the journal? the editor you may receive no tan- publication, or Urgency of publication. gible reward. With these questions the editor tries Is the basic structure of the manuscript • You don’t have the time, or, in other to make your reviewing task a little sound and logical, for example, in the words, the task has a low priority easier, and to ensure that you provide generally applicable sequence of Intro- with you. And it will take time—at the information required to make a fi- duction, Materials and Methods, Re- least if you do a good job—possibly nal decision on the manuscript. sults, Discussion, Acknowledgements, a day or more, depending on the References, Index (if applicable)? length of the manuscript. If you are Checklist for Reviewers not prepared to do a good job, or if Is the title appropriate and concise? you know you will not attend to the The main aspects of a manuscript matter within the coming fortnight, which you as a reviewer have to give Are the keywords well chosen and do rather say no, and do so within a day attention to may be grouped under they include words from the title? or two. four headings. These can be arranged • You don’t have the specialist knowl- in order of importance as follows: Does the abstract present the gist of edge of the subject matter that the the article in a precise manner? editor thought you had. Acceptability • The author is your pet enemy and Are the tables relevant, clear, and logi- you feel you may not be able to as- Does the manuscript deal with a sub- cally designed, with adequate cap- sess the manuscript with the nec- ject area covered by the scope of the tions? essary objectivity. journal? Are the illustrations relevant, suitable Reasons for saying yes: Is the manuscript for publication, and provided with ad- • You will learn something. Remem- • Acceptable as it is (except perhaps equate captions? ber what Benjamin Britten, the Brit- for minor changes that can be made ish composer, said: “Learning is like by the technical editor) Are the references in the text and un- rowing against the stream. As soon • Acceptable after minor/major der the heading References cited cor- as you stop, you go backwards”. modifications rectly? • You help to promote the cause of • To be rejected science, perhaps even more so than Style and Language by writing your own articles. I knew Should the manuscript be published a botanist who had a great talent for urgently? (Give reasons.) Is the writing clear, logical, and ar- writing keys but he was so critical ranged in logical sequence? (If not, that he was hesitant to publish Scientific Soundness propose modifications.) them. So people would send him their feeble efforts and he would get Is the manuscript written in the light Is the writing concise? (If it should be them into shape. The result: good, of the latest knowledge of the subject? condensed—for example, by eliminat- widely used keys. ing repetition, using abbreviations, • You can mention your refereeing Is the approach and general design in using shorter words—propose general activities in your c.v., especially if line with the latest views? or specific alterations.) you have reviewed several manu- scripts for more than one journal. How original are the data? Are they Does the language (grammar, syntax, • Your name may appear in a list of new data, or a compilation/analysis of punctuation, spelling) need attention? referees in the publication you have known data?

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 37 Discussion of Some Points on 3 Read through the manuscript in or- Do’s the Checklist der to gain an overall impression. As you go along, make brief notes on Your main focus should fall on aspects Does the manuscript deal with a sub- points you should come back to, but which you can judge better than any- ject area covered by the scope of the don’t get lost in detail at this stage. If body or than most. These are obvious journal? This issue is normally decided you are dealing with a long paper such mistakes as well as interpretations that by the editor, but you may wish to com- as a monograph or flora account, you you consider to be false or debatable. ment and/or suggest a different jour- will most probably not have to study In other words, your main task is to nal or another (for example, electronic) the entire work before you can give a assess the scientific soundness of the medium in which the manuscript reasoned opinion on its intrinsic mer- work. Take a taxonomic manuscript, could be made generally accessible. its. If it is expected from you to scruti- for example: the manuscript has been nise every detail of such a long manu- entrusted to you because the editor Is the manuscript scientifically sound script, the editor should ask for it spe- knows (thinks?) that you are a fundi on and up-to-date? This highly important cifically. the group in question. You are prob- question summarises most of the ques- ably in a better position than anybody, tions listed under Scientific Soundness 4 You are now in a position to decide or than most, to judge whether the above. You may be so familiar with the whether the manuscript is basically nomenclature is sound, whether the subject that you take it for granted that suitable for the journal in question. If keys will work, whether the synonyms other people know it as well as you. you decide that it is not, even after are correct and in a logical sequence, Most likely this is not the case. You may major modifications, then all you have whether the choice of outgroup is well be the best person in the world to to do is to inform the editor of your founded, whether the cladograms are judge the issue. Deal with it in this light. decision, giving your reasons, and to correctly interpreted, whether the il- return the manuscript, if so requested, lustrations are representative, and Are the materials used appropriate; do or to destroy it. whether the distribution data make the vouchers constitute a representative sense. sample and are they adequately cited? 5 Now it is time to go through the Here is a question that I consider to be manuscript in great detail. Before you Secondly look for lapses in logic, for of special importance. Remember, make any annotations or corrections phrases with obscure meaning, for most scientific papers must be pre- on the hard copy remember that the shortcomings and mistakes in organi- sented in such a way that the research editor usually does not want the au- sation and presentation. on which they are based can be re- thor to know who reviewed the work, peated and the results tested or falsi- and that the author may recognise Only in the third place should you give fied (shown to be inaccurate or wrong). your handwriting. But the editor will some attention to lapses in style, gram- And there are few botanical studies probably want to bring all or most of mar, spelling, and punctuation. And that can be undertaken without the use your annotations and comments to the even here it is usually enough to make of specimens: in taxonomy it is taken attention of the author. The recom- a general comment pointing out short- for granted, but studies in anatomy, mended procedure is therefore usually comings. The technical editor of the cytology, DNA sequencing, and simi- the following: Mark the line in the journal (who has not worked on the lar fields are not always supported by manuscript that you want to correct or manuscript yet) is probably better adequate vouchers. Some years ago a to comment on in the left-hand mar- equipped than you for dealing with completed Ph.D. thesis was totally re- gin with a number. Then type your these issues. jected because the author could not comments on a separate sheet in a give positive proof of the identity of the paragraph marked with the same “Adopt a positive, impartial attitude plant material that had been analysed. number. Preferably you should mark towards the manuscript under review. In many studies a single voucher may your comments in numerical sequence Your position should be that of the au- not be sufficient to convince you that from your first comment onward. The thor’s ally, with the aim of promoting the author has studied a representa- editor may have provided you with an effective and accurate scientific com- tive sample. A minimum of two speci- appropriately marked sheet onto munication. In comments intended for mens should be cited in most in- which you can type your comments. If the author’s eyes, present criticism dis- stances. you make any handwritten notes on passionately and avoid offensive re- the hard copy, these should be done marks. Suggested modifications Reviewing for Starters lightly in pencil which can be rubbed should be stated as such and not ex- out by the editorial staff before send- pressed as conditions of acceptance. 1 Study the questionnaire and any ing it to the author. Any comments or In a separate letter to the editor you other documents you may have re- observations meant only for the eyes might want to distinguish between ceived from the editor together with of the editor should obviously be made modifications considered essential and the manuscript. It will focus your at- separately from those also meant for those judged merely desirable” (Day, tention on aspects the editor would like the author. 1979). you to assess. 6 When you annotate and correct the Inform the editor if you have assessed 2 Familiarise yourself with the Instruc- manuscript in electronic form, it is rec- only certain aspects of the manuscript, tions to authors of the journal con- ommended that you mark all your de- or if you have left out certain parts, for cerned. letions in red and your additions in example, Latin descriptions. blue or green.

38 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 You may ask the editor to send a manu- CUTTS, M. 1995. The plain English guide. Ogilvy. Sidgwick & Jackson, London. script back to you so that you can see Oxford University Press, Oxford. STEARN, W.T. 1998. Botanical Latin. Tim- whether the modifications and/or cor- DAY, R.A. 1979. How to write and publish a ber Press, Portland, Oregon. rections you suggested have been scientific paper. ISI Press, Philadelphia. Collins English Dictionary. 1999. Harper done to your satisfaction. LEISTNER, O.A. 1997–1999. How to write Collins Publishers. articles for publication. SABONET News The New Fowler’s Modern English Usage. When you are asked to review a long 2,2–4,2. 1998. Clarendon Press, Oxford. manuscript, such as a thesis or mono- MABBERLEY, D.J. 1997. The plant-book. The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Edi- graph, you may request the text to be Cambridge University Press, Cam- tors. 1986. Clarendon Press, Oxford. made available to you in electronic bridge. form. This will facilitate your work con- OGILVY, D. 1987. The unpublished David —Dr Otto Leistner siderably, especially if there is no com- plete index and when you are check- ing for consistency and duplication. SABONET News Don’ts is distributed to 77 countries Do not spend much time on grammar, spelling and punctuation unless this is around the world! specifically requested by the editor. SABONET News Mailing List Number of subscribers according to country Do not criticise ad hominem—directed Country Number of subscribers Country Number of subscribers against the author—focus your criti- Sept. 1998 Jan. 2002 Sept. 1998 Jan. 2002 cism on the manuscript. Algeria - 1 Lesotho* 26 30 Angola* 7 7 Madagascar 5 5 Do not cite or otherwise use a manu- Argentina 1 4 Malawi* 45 56 script before it has been published Australia 10 30 Malaysia 1 1 unless you have the explicit permission Austria 4 4 Mauritius 1 3 Belgium 21 25 Mexico - 6 of both the editor and the author. Benin - 1 Morocco 1 3 Bolivia 1 1 Mozambique* 18 39 Do not discuss a manuscript with its Botswana* 45 51 Namibia* 17 30 author, because the editor and the Brazil - 3 Netherlands 16 18 other reviewer(s) may have ideas dif- Burkina Faso 2 2 New Zealand 1 7 ferent to yours, yet the author may get Burundi 2 2 Nigeria 11 12 Cameroon 11 11 Norway 7 9 the impression that your views agree Canada 4 4 Oman 1 1 with theirs. China - 1 Pakistan 1 2 Columbia 1 2 Philippines - 1 In your comments meant to be seen Congo 3 3 Poland 2 3 by the author, do not make statements Costa Rica 1 2 Portugal 12 10 about the acceptability of the manu- Czechoslovakia 1 2 Russia 2 3 Denmark 10 10 Rwanda 1 2 script. Your comments in this regard Egypt 3 3 Singapore 1 1 must be made only to the editor who 8 10 South Africa* 479 846 has the final word in the matter. Finland 6 8 Seychelles 1 1 France 19 21 Sierra Leone 1 1 Tail-Light 2 5 Spain 4 5 Geneva - 1 Sri Lanka 3 3 34 38 Sudan 1 1 Remember, feedback from you and Ghana 5 7 Swaziland* 13 18 other reviewers helps the authors to Hawaii - 1 Sweden 17 20 improve their work and to meet the Hungary 2 3 Switzerland 16 20 expectations of the botanical world at India 11 17 Tanzania 22 24 large. How can they do this if nobody Indonesia 1 2 Togo 1 1 tells them? But remember too that - 1 Uganda 10 14 practically no one enjoys learning that Israel - 2 United Kingdom 76 110 Italy 5 6 United States 68 102 they are failing to meet expectations. Ivory Coast 4 6 Zaire 2 2 Therefore, be objective in your criti- Japan 1 3 Zambia* 43 48 cism and don’t adopt a high-handed Kenya 48 51 Zimbabwe* 115 118 approach. Maybe you aren’t perfect Korea 1 1 either. Subtotal 1315 1928 Extra*# 300 300 TOTAL 1615 2228 My sincere thanks for the contributions by par- ticipants of the workshop on reviewing held at * All ten SABONET Country Coordinators receive an additional 20 of each publication to distribute to the NBI on 7 November 2001 and to the mem- local interested parties. bers of the Publication Section of the NBI who #Copies are also sent to our sponsors, UNDP-GEF and IUCN-ROSA. commented on the manuscript. —Ms Nyasha Rukazhanga-Noko SABONET Regional Office [email protected]

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 39 40 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Announcing the Third BioNET-INTERNATIONAL Global Taxonomy Workshop “Towards Sustainable Development: Partnerships for Building Demand-Driven Taxonomic Capacity” Organised in collaboration with the Secretariat of the CBD

SAFRINET is hosting the Third biodiversity conservation agencies and major obstacle to achieving sustain- Global Taxonomy Workshop related authorities, Agricultural Re- able development. Representatives (3rdGTW) in Pretoria, South Af- search Centres, Quarantine and Inva- from a wide range of users of taxo- rica from 8 to12 July, 2002. sive Species control agencies, and all nomic information and products from NGOs in any of these fields. the South and North are invited to uilding on the successful “family make presentations that will set the Bgathering” of taxonomists of the Also warmly invited are all organisa- agenda for Workshop 1: Meeting Second BioNET-INTERNATIONAL tions involved in appropriate technol- the Needs , including discussions with Global Workshop in 1999, the Third ogy and new taxonomic tool develop- taxonomists from the LOOPs and other Global Taxonomy Workshop ment and provision, and finally, all ex- international partners. The intended (3rdGTW) will focus on plotting a way isting taxonomic networks and net- output from Day 1 is the frame- forward by bringing all stakeholders working initiatives, and of course, all work for a Global Strategy defined together, including the end users of taxonomists. by identifying what capacity building taxonomic outputs, the technology is needed to meet end-user needs and providers, and the organisations that The Third Global Taxonomy Workshop overcome the Taxonomic Impediment. support national development pro- is focused on a number of specific, grammes to underpin eradication of ambitious outputs: Day 2: Networking and Technol- poverty, sustainable agricultural devel- • A Global Strategy that represents a ogy will feature examples of how net- opment, sustainable use and conser- consensus on priority taxonomic working and technology partnerships vation of biodiversity, and ultimately, capacity-building activities and how can help build demand-driven taxo- Sustainable Development! The best they can best be achieved by build- nomic capacity, focusing on the role of way to achieve this is to form partner- ing and consolidating partnerships appropriate and new technologies in ships between the different players, and networking between end users developing the services and products and here BioNET-INTERNATIONAL and providers. most in need in the developing world. has an important facilitating role to • Action Plans utilising the best avail- A Technology Fair (running all week) play. able technology tools to implement will allow technology providers to this Global Strategy at both the glo- demonstrate the role of appropriate The aim is to build a global network of bal and subregional levels. technologies in providing cost-effec- collaborating partners dedicated to • A collective statement on taxonomic tive taxonomic solutions to sustainable providing sustainable, locally-owned, capacity-building needs and solu- development and biodiversity conser- cost-effective, and priority-driven re- tions for presentation at the World vation needs. Workshop 2 will use the sponses to overcoming the Taxonomic Summit on Sustainable Develop- lessons learned from North–South col- Impediment to sustainable develop- ment (Rio + 10) in Johannesburg, laboration to focus on how to optimise ment and biodiversity conservation. South Africa, September 2002. networks to build partnerships be- tween users and providers of tax- Very importantly, the 3rdGTW will Outline Programme onomy and, in particular, the role of seek to mobilise partnerships amongst technology transfer and its appropri- relevant stakeholders in support of The outline Programme has been de- ate development in meeting develop- implementation of the proposed Pro- signed in extensive consultation with ing country taxonomic needs. The in- gramme of Work of the CBD’s Global the subregional LOOPs and existing tended output from Day 2 is the Taxonomy Initiative (www.biodiv.org/ and potential partners. Plenary Ses- focus and content of the Global programmes/cross-cutting/taxonomy/ sions in the mornings will allow pres- Strategy and Action Plans defined by default.asp). entations on the needs of end users, identifying the partners, tools, and examples of networking, descriptions mechanisms needed to deliver Call for Participation of technology tools, and mandates of prioritised taxonomic services. development agencies. Follow-up This is a call for participation, by all Workshop sessions to each of these Day 3: Resourcing Development stakeholders, including specifically all will allow setting of priorities and defi- will place user-driven taxonomic ca- “End-Users” of taxonomic products nition of solutions. pacity development in the context of and services, for example, Interna- national development programmes. tional Development Agencies who re- Day 1: Setting the Scene will include Development agencies and the private quire taxonomic information and tools an assessment of how the inadequacy sector are invited to describe their to improve agricultural outputs and of taxonomic resources and skills in the mandates, objectives and require- rural livelihoods, for eradication and developing world—the so-called Taxo- ments. Workshop 3 will close the cir- biological control of pests, all nomic Impediment—continues to be a cle on the Global Strategy and Ac- continued on page 44

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 41 Missing any SABONET publications? SABONET News

Vol. 1 No. 1 Vol. 1 No. 2 Vol. 2 No. 1 Vol. 2 No. 2 Vol. 2 No. 3 Vol. 3 No. 1 August 1996 December 1996 April 1997 August 1997 December 1997 April 1998

Vol. 3 No. 2 Vol. 3 No. 3 Vol. 4 No. 1 Vol. 4 No. 2 Vol. 4 No. 3 Vol. 5 No. 1 August 1998 December 1998 April 1999 August 1999 December 1999 April 2000

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42 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 ORDER YOUR BACK ISSUES NOW SABONET Report Series

No. 1: No. 2: No. 3: No. 4: No. 5: No. 6: Southern African National Index herbariorum: southern PRECIS Specimen SABONET Project Document Plant taxonomic and Southern African herbarium Herbaria: Status Reports, African supplement Database user guide related projects in southern needs assessment 1996 Africa

No. 7: No. 8: No. 9: No. 10: No. 11: No. 12: A checklist of Namibian Index herbariorum: Making your garden come Plant taxonomic Southern African botanical Action Plan for southern plant species southern African alive! Environmental expertise— an inventory gardens needs assessment African botanical gardens supplement (2nd edition) interpretation in botanical for southern Africa gardens

No. 13: Conspectus of Southern African Pteridophyta

DELIVERY DETAILS ORDER FORM NAME ______Please send me copy/copies of the following back issues ______SABONET News SABONET Report Series ❑ ❑ ❑ ADDRESS ______VOL.1 NO.1 VOL.5 NO.1 REPORT NO.3 ______❑ VOL.2 NO.1 ❑ VOL.5 NO.2 ❑ REPORT NO.7 ❑ VOL.3 NO.1 ❑ VOL.5 NO.3 ❑ REPORT NO.8 SUBURB/TOWN ______❑ VOL.3 NO.2 ❑ VOL.6 NO.1 ❑ REPORT NO.9 ______❑ VOL.3 NO.3 ❑ VOL.6 NO.2 ❑ REPORT NO.10 ❑ VOL.4 NO.1 ❑ VOL.6 NO.3 ❑ REPORT NO.11 POST CODE ______❑ VOL.4 NO.2 ❑ VOL.7 NO.1 ❑ REPORT NO.12 COUNTRY ______❑ VOL.4 NO.3 ❑ REPORT NO.13 ______Mail your order form to SABONET ORDERS, National Botanical Institute, TEL., FAX, OR E-MAIL ______Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa ______or fax to (27) 12 804-5979 or e-mail to [email protected]

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 43 44 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 tion Plans by examining how to re- source capacity building by matching Southern African Botanical the taxonomic needs of users with de- velopment and business agendas. Gardens Network Further interactive sessions will syn- thesise the outputs of the various (SABGN) Discussion Site Workshop sessions and seek the en- dorsement of all participants for the Global Strategy and Action Plans. The [email protected] subregional networks (LOOPs) will have the opportunity of developing their regional action plans, with iden- tified partners, for implementation of The planning of SABONET’s regional expedition to the Maputaland the Strategy. Interaction of LOOP rep- Centre of Endemism in southern Mozambique prompted the ques- resentatives and other Workshop par- tion whether any gardens of the Southern African Botanical Gar- ticipants will be facilitated by the Tech- Q dens Network actually cultivate endemic, threatened, medicinal, or interest- nology Fair display area where all par- ing plants from the Maputaland Centre of Endemism? ticipants will be encouraged to adver- tise their work.

Election of Advisory Board

A further intended output is election We have a whole section of the garden currently devoted to of an international Advisory Board Maputaland. We have most of the tree and shrub endemics in culti- representing a cross-section of vation and are looking for more. I have just returned from a week- stakeholders and regions to direct fu- A long expedition to the area with more questions than answers. Remember ture activities. that we have several remnants of this centre in Mpumalanga Province with several very interesting finds having been made in recent years. Registration

If you are interested in participating —Johan Hurter (Lowveld National Botanical Garden) then get a registration form by visit- ing us online at www.bionet-intl.org. If you have any queries then contact, if possible by e-mail, either TecSec or SAFRINET.

BioNET-INTERNATIONAL’s Techni- cal Secretariat Bakeham Lane Egham Surrey TW20 0PX, UK Tel.: (44) 1491 829036/7/8 Fax: (44) 1491 829082 [email protected] www.bionet-intl.org

—Dr Connal Eardley SAFRINET Coordinator Agricultural Research Council Private Bag X134 Pretoria 0001, South Africa Tel.: (27) 12 323 8540 Fax: (27) 12 325 6998 [email protected] safrinet.ecoport.org

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 45 Durban Botanic Gardens

History Collections

he Durban Botanic Gardens (DBG) Orchids, palms, and cycads are the Ttraces its origins to colonial times, main collections of the DBG, and the when it was founded in 1849 for the focus of present and forthcoming col- introduction and trial of potentially lection efforts. It is our intention to useful commercial crops. Last year, the maintain the cosmopolitan flavour of DBG celebrated its 150th Anniversary. our cycad collection, which is currently ranked among the top ten botanical The gardens later developed collec- garden cycad collections in the world. tions of sub-tropical trees, palms, and Palm and orchid collections will in- orchids. The DBG remains a classic creasingly focus on documented ac- botanic garden, reflecting the univer- cessions of African species. The new visitor complex at the Durban sality of the plant kingdom. It has, for Botanic Gardens. over 100 years, had a fine mixed arbo- World-wide, botanic gardens are major environmental weeks through- retum of African, Asian, and American changing, as threats to plants and eco- out the year—water, environmental, trees. The DBG is a few minutes walk systems become more grave. Ironi- arbor, and alien weeks. The DBG from the bustling Warwick Triangle, cally, this makes it an exciting time for works in partnership with environ- site of one of the largest retail medici- botanic gardens, as their multiple roles mental educators and the eThekwini nal plant markets in the country. The in conservation and education are rec- Municipality. Teacher Open Days are DBG hosts approximately 500 000 visi- ognised by governments and interna- held twice a year in collaboration with tors per year, many of whom are for- tional agencies. other organisations to provide local eign tourists. teachers with teaching resources. Fundamental to participation in these new challenges is the development of Durban Botanic Gardens: Part of conservation-significant plant collec- the Parks Department of the tions and professional management of eThekwini Municipality these collections. Unless our collec- tions are curated comparably with Director: Errol Scarr those of the world’s top gardens, at- Curator: Christopher Dalzell tempts to increase their educational and scientific value are diminished. Senior Horticulturist: Barry Lang Status: Municipal Garden Education

Number of Staff: 40 With the recent completion of a new Size of Garden: 14.5 ha Visitor Complex and NBS Education Centre, the DBG is entering an excit- Address: 70 St. Thomas Road, ing time in its development. Durban Annual Budget: R4.7 million Drawing on the skills of its volunteer Schoolchildren with a guides, the DBG is able to host four volunteer guide at the DBG.

46 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 members. Much of the money raised by the Friends is generated by host- ing classical music concerts, per- formed by the KwaZulu-Natal Philhar- monic Orchestra at the DBG lake. These concerts are sponsored by Nedbank, and we appreciate their on- going support of these events. Since its establishment in 1994, the Friends organisation has raised over R1 000 000 on behalf of the DBG.

Current Projects

The DBG is currently involved in four major projects.

The Durban Botanic Gardens Visi- tors Complex Planning activities to build a visitors’ centre at the Durban Botanic Gardens began in 1995. In March 2001, the new facility was opened, comprising a 250- seat edu- cation centre, new offices, and a new entrance. The eThekwini Municipality contributed R1.2 million to this devel- opment, and the Durban Botanic Gar- dens Trust, established in 1993, raised funds for the centre’s completion. The A global view of the Durban Botanic Gardens. Trust owns and manages the complex. were in the garden’s collection. Any at- When completed, the development Mission Statement tempts to increase the scientific value will have cost approximately R5.2 mil- To develop and curate conserva- of the DBG plant collections will rest lion, and will include a restaurant. Of tion—significant collections of Af- on this first step. this amount, the NBS has contributed rican orchids and palms, and to R500 000, and in recognition of their advance our position amongst bo- The spatial data from the survey have generosity the Visitors Centre incorpo- tanic gardens as a major holder of been imported into a GIS mapping rates the NBS Education Centre. world cycads. programme (ArcView) and are cur- rently being verified in the field. Some Habitat Improvement The DBG To demonstrate the role plants can 1 225 trees, 745 palms, and 254 cycads forms part of the Durban Metropoli- play in social upliftment through are being checked to ensure that the tan Open Space System (D’MOSS). our involvement in urban greening, maps are accurate and that plant Habitat enhancement projects to im- organic gardening, and medicinal names are correct. Once this task has prove the ecological value of the DBG plant conservation projects. been completed, there will be a full in- are important from this perspective, To maintain our existing assem- ventory and map of all palms, trees, and are also part of the garden educa- blage of plants while promoting and cycads held by the DBG. Funding tion programme. The Botanic Gardens the flora of Africa. for this project has come from the lake has recently been dredged to im- Unilever Foundation for Education prove its habitat value for local birdlife. To cultivate regional and interna- and Development—we are thankful for numbers are being monitored tional links with the botanic gar- Unilever’s generosity in supporting with the help of the Natal Bird Club in dens conservation community. this work. order to improve management ap- To awaken public appreciation of the Gardens through environmen- Friends of the Durban tal education. Botanic Gardens

To maintain the Gardens as a The Friends of peaceful haven for visitors, and as the Durban Bo- one of Durban’s heritage sites. tanic Gardens was formed in The Durban Botanic Gardens 1994 by the Mapping Project DBG’s current curator. The Friends is a non-profit In 1999, the DBG was surveyed and organisation established to support Music at the lake-an event sponsored by mapped. For the first time it became the DBG in its service to the commu- Nedbank and hosted by the Friends of the possible to establish fully what plants nity. There are currently 650 Friends Durban Botanic Gardens.

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 47 New Impetus for NBI Threatened Plants Programme

t is almost ten months since the NBI Kingdom), the STEP planning process IDirectorate on Biodiversity and Plan- (for the Thicket ), and the SKEP ning was created. With the help of planning process (for the Succulent many NBI colleagues, especially here Karoo Biome) are just some examples. in Pretoria and at Kirstenbosch, the NBI is already active in all these proc- Directorate is taking shape! esses. Our role is likely to grow and Dr Neil Crouch, from the National this view is confirmed by the success Botanical Institute, and the Curator of When I assumed my position in July of the Strategy Session on Bioregional the DBG, Chris Dalzell, collecting 2001, I thought it important to consult Planning hosted by NBI from 20–21 specimens of eriopus. with others within the NBI Directo- November 2001 at Kirstenbosch. Some rates, as well as some external 60 representatives from national, pro- proaches. With dredging completed, stakeholders from institutes, centres, vincial, and local government depart- the lake’s two islands and much of the and programmes, on what they ments and agencies attended this ses- lakeshore will be planted up with in- thought a Directorate such as this sion. Next year will see more activities digenous aquatic and terrestrial spe- should focus. These consultations have aimed at building the Bioregional Pro- cies. We will be introducing arum lil- resulted in the identification of three gramme. ies, bulrushes, wild tibouchinas, Papy- main thrusts: a Policy Research Pro- rus species, figs, sea grass, floating gramme, a Bioregional Planning Pro- Some of you may recall that a small hearts, and Cyperus and Phragmites gramme, and a Threatened Plants Pro- NBI workshop on a proposed Threat- species in to increase diversity in this gramme. I am delighted to say that we ened Plants Programme was held in area. are already active in all of these pro- February 2001 at Kirstenbosch, which grammes. highlighted the need for an integrated Conservation Working in conjunc- and comprehensive approach to tion with the National Botanical Insti- The main aim of the Policy Research threatened plant species in South Af- tute (NBI), KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, and Programme is to bridge the gap be- rica, as well as the compilation of Red the University of Natal, the DBG is in- tween policy on the one hand and the Data Lists. My experience with DEAT volved in a project to help conserve the research and technical arenas on the in the policy field has also made me endangered Natal grass cycad, other. Often, the work of scientists is appreciate the role of the Threatened Stangeria eriopus. Support from the not integrated into policies or remains Plants Programme for informing de- Bressler Foundation has enabled the behind the walls of scientific institu- cision-making and developing appro- DBG to undertake a population cen- tions. This is a problem faced not only priate regulatory and policy frame- sus of this CITES 1-listed species. This in South Africa, but throughout the works for coping with species loss and project will also include micropro- world. As part of the Policy Research habitat conversion. pagation, horticultural development, Programme we are acting as consult- and taxonomic and ecological aspects. ants to the Department of Environ- I am pleased to say that Janice Golding mental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). Dr (from SABONET) has joined the new The African Botanic Gardens Net- Maureen Wolfson, Janice Golding, and Directorate from 1 January 2002 to work The DBG was recently repre- I are advising DEAT on key policy is- drive the Threatened Plants Pro- sented at discussions initiated by BGCI sues and positions to pursue at the gramme. This is especially exciting on the need for a botanic gardens net- World Summit on Sustainable Devel- news for me given Janice’s demon- work for tropical Africa. The DBG opment (WSSD), to be held in Johan- strated experience on threatened hopes to contribute significantly to the nesburg in September 2002. Next year, plants and building networks whilst network and will be hosting the first we will focus mainly on access and working with SABONET. Her insight African Botanic Gardens Congress in benefit sharing, and incentive meas- into the southern African regional dy- November 2002. ures for promoting the sustainable use namics regarding threatened plants of natural resources. This activity will can only add value to the Threatened —Mark Mattson & Chris Dalzell be executed under the auspices of the Plants Programme. Durban Botanic Gardens Southern African Biodiversity Support [email protected] Programme, which involves ten SADC —Khungeka Njobe [email protected] countries to build capacity for the im- Director: Biodiversity Policy & Durban Botanic Gardens plementation of the Convention on Planning PO Box 3740 Biological Diversity. Many more op- National Botanical Institute Durban 4000 portunities exist, and I am very opti- Private Bag X101 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa mistic about the growth of the Policy Pretoria, 0001 Tel.: 27 (0)31 2011-303 Research Programme. South Africa Fax: 27 (0)31 2017-382 [email protected] www.durbanbotgardens.org.za South Africa has certainly seen an up- surge in bioregional conservation Adapted from NBI News (December 2001), planning processes. The CAPE plan- with the kind permission of the editor, Mr Solly ning process (for the Cape Floristic Moeng.

48 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 The Mary Gunn Library

Botany. Dr Pole Evans, Chief of the You are welcome to contact the Division, gave Miss Gunn the enor- Library to make an appointment. mous task of building up a library. Tel.: (27) 12 804 3200 As Miss Gunn did not have a botani- Fax: (27) 12 804 8740 cal background, she studied the cata- logues of well-known antiquarian E-mail: [email protected] or booksellers. She became more and [email protected] more interested in botanical literature Postal address: Private Bag X101, and her knowledge of Botany devel- PRETORIA 0001, South Africa oped rapidly. With enthusiasm and Miss Mary Gunn, the founder of dedication she purchased relevant Street address: 2 Cussonia Avenue, the library. (Photo: NBI Archives) books and journals and even obtained Brummeria, PRETORIA, South Africa a great number of publications as gifts Library hours: Mondays to Fridays: — the basis of the current extensive an- 9:00–13:00 and 13:45–16:30 he Mary Gunn Library is housed tiquarian collection of the Library. in the National Herbarium Build- T wide. The books are arranged accord- ing of the National Botanical Institute At present the Library holds 10 530 ing to the Universal Decimal Classifi- in Pretoria. It is said to be the largest books and 845 journal titles of which cation System (UDC) and the journals and most comprehensive botanical li- 262 are current titles. A total of 100 ti- alphabetically according to title. brary in Africa. tles are received on subscription and 62 in exchange for NBI publications. The subjects covered are mainly tax- The library started in 1916 with the The Library has exchange agreements onomy, morphology, anatomy, ecol- appointment of Miss Mary Gunn. She with 114 research institutions world- was a clerk in the then Division of ogy, plant geography, ethno-botany, economic botany, horticulture, con- servation biology, biodiversity, his- tory of botany, paleobotany, plant ex- ploration and computer science.

The library has three staff members, namely Estelle Potgieter (Principal Li- brarian), Anne-Lise Fourie (Part-time Principal Librarian), and Kizzy Shipalana (Library Student). They strive to provide the best service pos- sible to their clients, from staff mem- bers, lecturers, students, and schol- ars, to the general public.

An interlibrary loan service with other libraries is provided and a va- riety of enquiries is handled daily. Photocopies of contents pages of new journals are circulated to several SABONET countries. At the moment the Library staff are in the process of The library staff today. From left to right, Anne-Lise Fourie, Estelle Potgieter, and computerising the entire collection. Kizzy Shipalana. (Photo: Adela Romanowski)

—Estelle Potgieter

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 49 The Useful Plants Garden Project at the Natal National Botanical Garden

come rare or endangered outside Durban and Gardens for Af- through exploitation for me- rica at Umlaas Road. The Valley Trust dicinal usage or by competi- has been growing and experimenting tion from exotic crops. Bo- with traditional food plants, such as the tanical gardens can play an various pigweed species (Amaranthus important role in helping sp.), one of many imfino plants. Seed people explore their tradi- was also bought from muthi markets tional heritage, and at the around Pietermaritzburg and Durban; same time contribute to con- others were collected from rural areas serving plants that have been and the wild. Some plants were already an intrinsic part of human growing in the botanical garden and survival in Africa for thou- were transplanted or propagated in sands of years. the nursery. The traditional grass-thatched hut that forms the Planning and Design Interpretation and Signage focal point of the garden.

he Useful Plants Garden now The traditional hut, which is the main We are experimenting with a new Ttaking shape at the Natal National focus of the design, has been signage system—our goal is to enrich Botanical Garden in Pietermaritzburg rethatched with Hyparrhenia hirta and self-guided walks and facilitate ease of is an extension of the muthi garden its doorway reoriented to face the gar- interpretation and education. The main project that began in 1997. This new den. Inside the hut, there are interpre- entrance has a map of the garden di- development addresses a growing in- tation resources and craft items made vided in 17 sections according to us- terest in traditionally significant plants from plants growing in the garden. age. Some examples of the better- that are used for medicine, cereals, The emphasis in the new garden is crafts, vegetables, security hedging, on use-related grouping of plants beverages, thatching, and construc- in a flowing pattern with natural tion. rock edging to give it an organic look. Miniature Agapanthus The original muthi garden displayed (Agapanthus praecox), used by ru- the more common indigenous plants ral women to ease childbirth and used by healers or herbalists ward off evil spirits, is used to di- (iSangoma or iNyanga ) for traditional vide larger beds. Paths and step- medicine. Plants were arranged infor- ping-stones weave through the mally around a Zulu beehive hut to garden to enhance access to plants give the garden a more natural feel and that are safe to handle, touch, rub, they included Tulbaghia violaceae, and smell. Open gathering areas Example of a label. planted in a bank around the hut to along the paths allow groups to ward off snakes, the wild ginger, pause for interpretation. Strategi- Siphonochilus aethiopicus, used for cally placed boulders serve lung complaints, and those favourites as punctuation points to for warding off bad spirits, Gasteria break straight lines and add croucheri and Aloe aristata. In keeping interest, while natural rock with the theme, plant containers in- seats and a sandstone door cluded a cracked cast-iron three-leg- lintel from an old Estcourt ged pot and an old plastic container. farmhouse provide attractive Signs identified each plant with its sci- rest points. entific and common names (Zulu, Eng- lish, and Afrikaans) and its most com- Plant Sourcing mon usage. Many of the plants were dif- Expansion ficult to source because they are no longer commonly In September 2000 the scope of the used or grown. Many dona- muthi garden was expanded by add- tions of plants and seed came ing other categories of useful plants, from The Valley Trust in the and highlighting those that have be- Valley of a Thousand Hills Learners in the Useful Plants Garden.

50 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 known plants and their uses are listed The National Botanical Institute of South Africa Region. Natal Flora Publications Trust, in the accompanying table. Larger funded this project. My thanks to Mr Brian Tarr Durban. signs indicate general usage of plants (Curator, NNBG) and the staff of the Natal QUIN, P.J. 1959. Food and feeding habits in each section; smaller labels give National Botanical Garden. Others who helped of the Pedi. WitwatersrandUniversity prominence to the common name of with advice, information and obtaining plants Press, Johannesburg. each species and include one or two were Mr Peter Croeser (Natal Museum), Dr Elliot SCOTT-SHAW, R. 1999. Rare and short, interesting facts. Ndlovu (traditional healer), Dr Nigel Gericke, threatened plants of KwaZulu-Natal and co-author of the invaluable “People’s Plants”, neighbouring regions. KwaZulu-Natal The Future the John Bews Herbarium (University of Natal), Nature Conservation Service, Dr Neil Crouch of the NBI, KZN Wildlife Con- Pietermaritzburg. At present there are more than 180 dif- servation Services Institute of Natural Resources, VAN WYK, B-E. & GERICKE, N. 2000. ferent species in the combined muthi and Mr Chris Willis, Director of Gardens and People’s Plant—a guide to useful plants and Useful Plants Garden. The collec- Horticultural Services, NBI. of southern Africa. Briza Publications, tion will continue to grow as more spe- Pretoria. cies are added through fieldwork and FOX, F.W. & NORWOOD YOUNG, M.E. VAN WYK, B-E., VAN OUDTSHOORN, through exchange with other institu- 1982. Food from the veld: edible wild B. & GERICKE N. 1997. Medicinal tions and interest groups. A particular plants of southern Africa. Delta Books, plants of South Africa. Briza focus will be encouraging and helping Johannesburg & Cape Town. Publications, Pretoria. people to learn to use and grow useful HUTCHINGS, A, SCOTT, A.H., LEWIS, G. WATT, J.M. & BREYER-BRANDWIJK, plants through practical hands-on & CUNNINGHAM, A.B. 1996. Zulu M.G. 1962. The medicinal and workshops with school and commu- medicinal plants: an inventory. poisonous plants of southern and nity groups. Herbalists and inyangas University of Natal Press. eastern Africa. Second edition. will be encouraged to develop their Pietermaritzburg. Livingstone, London. own gardens rather than harvest from POOLEY, E. 1993. The complete field the wild. The next stage of this project guide to trees of Natal, Zululand and —Phakamani m’Africa Xaba is developing an indigenous fruit tree Transkei. Natal Flora Publications Natal National Botanical Gardens orchard on the boundary of the Use- Trust, Durban. Pietermaritzburg ful Plants Garden. POOLEY, E. 1998. A field guide to wild flowers KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern

Useful Plants Garden Plant species and their uses Charm plants used for protection or good luck, Justicia capensis, Aloe aaristata, Sansavieria cylindrica or as aphrodisiacs Plants used for headaches Artemisia afra, Tetradenia riparia Pest repellent plants Tulbaghia violacea, Syncolostemon macranthus, Portulaca pilosa Vegetables Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Vigna subterranea, Zantedeschia aethiopica Plants used for crafts and construction Cyperus textilis, Juncus krausii, Hyparrhenia hirta, Phragmites australis Plants used for stomach aches Stangeria eriopus, Millettia grandis, Watsonia densiflora Cereal crops Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor, Eleusine coracana Plants used for sexually-related problems Scilla natalensis, Eucomis autumnalis, Aloe cooperi Plants used for skin care Bulbine frutescens, Aloe arborescens Edible bulbs and tubers and vegetables Colocasia esculenta, Cucurbita pepo, Laganeria sericea Plants used for ear, eye and nose care problems. Cotyledon orbiculata, Buddleja salviifolia Plants used for breathing problems Bowiea volubilis, Garcinia gerrardii, Alepidea amatymbica Plants used as cleansing emetics , Crassula multicava Plants used for colds and flu Artemisia afra, Siphonochilus aethiopicus, Warburgia salutaris Plants used for tooth care Sansevieria hyacinthoides, Tetradenia riparia Plants used for insect and snake bites Clivia miniata, Leonotis leonurus, Bulbine latifolia.

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 51 Southern African Herbaria

National Herbarium of Malawi

A view of the building that houses the Malawi National Herbarium. (Photo: Augustine Chikuni)

History Botanic Gardens of Malawi (NHBG) as following biodiversity related projects: an independent national botanical or- The first herbarium in Malawi was es- ganisation under an Act of Parliament SABONET (Southern African Bo- tablished in Zomba in the 1930s by the in 1987. tanical Diversity Network) 1998– Agriculture Department, Division of 2002 A regional capacity building Plant Pathology, to keep records of Plant Collections project funded by the Global Environ- hosts of fungal crop parasites. It was ment Facility (GEF) and implemented later transferred to Chitedze Agricul- The National Herbarium contains over by UNDP. Through SABONET, NHBG tural Research Station in Lilongwe. In 110 000 plant specimens, including has acquired equipment and knowl- 1956, the Department of Forestry es- macrofungi, bryophytes, pteri- edge in herbarium management, en- tablished another herbarium in Zomba dophytes, and lichens collected all over vironmental impact assessment, bo- to facilitate silvicultural research, Malawi. The herbarium is divided into tanical illustration, systematics, com- which was later transferred to three sections: Dicotyledons, puter management, Red Data Listing, Chongoni Silvicultural Research Sta- Monocotyledons, and Cryptogams. and plant identification. tion in Dedza. In 1966, the University The specimens are arranged in alpha- of Malawi established a teaching and betical order according to families, NORAD Biodiversity Support Pro- research herbarium at Chichiri Cam- genera, and species. G. Jackson, J. gramme 2001–2005 This project is pus and inherited all specimens from Pawek, J.D Chapman, R.K Brummit, funded by NORAD and aimed at con- the Agricultural Herbarium. The Uni- A.J. Salubeni, E.A.K. Banda, and I.H. tributing towards sustainable conser- versity Herbarium was transferred to Patel collected most of the specimens vation, management, and utilisation of Zomba in 1973 when the University in the National Herbarium (MAL). biodiversity in Malawi. The project moved to its present campus at Chan- endeavors to strengthen Malawi’s ca- cellor College. Activities and Services pacity to contribute and implement biodiversity projects at national and In the 1970s the Government of Ma- The NHBG has the following core ac- regional levels and to implement the lawi realised that there was a great tivities: National Biodiversity Strategy and need to establish a herbarium that • Collecting and preserving plant Action Plan. could house a comprehensive informa- specimens tion bank on the flora of Malawi. The • Collecting and disseminating Biodiversity of Southern African Government requested the Royal Bo- ethnobotanical information,for ex- (Monocotyledonous) Plants: Tax- tanic Gardens, Kew, to conduct a fea- ample, medicinal plants and botani- onomy, Conservation and Use sibility study on the establishment of a cal pesticides 2001–2006 This project was devel- national center for the assemblage, • Systematic botany research oped in collaboration with the Univer- curation, classification, and research of • In situ and ex situ conservation sity of Oslo and University of Zimba- the flora of Malawi. The study recom- • Vegetation surveys bwe and is aimed at enhancing re- mended a merger of the University and • Environmental education search and capacity building in tax- the Forestry herbaria to form a Na- • Identification services onomy and understanding of plant tional Herbarium. In 1975, the collec- biodiversity. The project will help Ma- tions of the two herbaria were com- Funding lawi to produce high-caliber staff in the bined in a single building. In addition, field of taxonomy. The project is funded the study recommended that the bo- The NHBG is a fully-funded non- by NUFU (the Norwegian Council of tanic gardens and the National Her- profitmaking Government organisa- Universities; Programme for Develop- barium should be under the manage- tion. To assist the Government of Ma- ment Research and Education for con- ment of the same organisation. The lawi in implementing the Convention sideration). Government of Malawi therefore es- on Biological Diversity, the NHBG is tablished the National Herbarium and coordinating and participating in the

52 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Inside the herbarium. A.J. Salubeni, E.S. Kathumba, and Jastin Ukoto, the librarian, and MAL staff members in M. Mwamwaya identifying specimens. (Photo: the library. (Photo: Augustine Chikuni) Augustine Chikuni)

Sustainable Management of Natu- Staff and Research Interests SABONET-funded Research Officer: ral Resources in Protected Areas Mrs G. Msekandiana of Malawi 1998–2001/2 This project General Manager: on biodiversity conservation in pro- Prof. J.H. Seyani (systematics of SABONET-funded Data Entry Clerks: tected areas is funded by GTZ and is Dombeya; on secondment to Com- Mr D. Mpalika aimed at sustainable use of biodiversity monwealth Science Council, London, Ms B. Kubwalo through the involvement of people. UK) The project will produce an inventory Technical Staff: of natural resources in the protected Herbarium Curator: Mrs W. Wella areas of Mwanza, Ntchisi, and Misuku, Dr A.C. Chikuni (systematics of Mr M. Mwamwaya develop strategies for sustainable use Brachystegia and other Caesal- of selected taxa, and disseminate the pinioideae genera) —Ms Gladys Msekandiana importance of biodiversity conserva- National Herbarium and Botanic tion through meetings. Scientific staff: Gardens of Malawi Mr M.L. Mwanyambo P.O. Box 528 PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropi- (ethnobotany—medicinal plants) Zomba cal Africa) 2001–2002 PROTA is an Mr Z. Magombo (bryophytes; on Malawi international project aimed at provid- study leave at University of Missouri) Tel.: (265) 525388/145 ing an up-to-date information system Mr D. Kamundi (grass systematics [email protected] on the plant resources of tropical Af- and conservation; on study leave at rica, assembling all available informa- Witwatersrand University) tion, and covering all existing knowl- Mrs E. Mwafongo (pteridophytes; on edge. For wide distribution of the in- study leave at University of Cape formation the project will be using Town) both electronic and printed media. Mrs C. Maliwichi Nyirenda PROTA was developed by (ethnobotany) Wageningen Agricultural University, Mr J. Kamwendo (Cyperaceae and Netherlands, and is funded by the Eu- conservation, EIA) ropean Union. PROTA has established Mr E. Mlangeni a regional office for southern Africa at (plant ecology) the NHBG. Technical Staff: Literature Mr A.J. Salubeni Mr E. Kathumba The National Herbarium and Botanic Mr H.I. Patel Gardens of Malawi has a specialist li- Mr T. Thera brary, which contains more than 3 000 Mr S. Kananji accessioned books. The library is well Mr P. Nansongole equipped to enable researchers to con- Mr K. Kaunda duct basic research in plant sciences Mr L.L. Usi and is open to the general public. The Mr M.P. Lazaro NHBG library has received book do- Mr M.N. Silumbu nations from SABONET and Kew Gar- dens, UK. B. Kubwalo and D. Mpalika computerising plant specimens. (Photo: Augustine Chikuni)

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 53 The Use of Tradition and Technology in Enhancing Botanical Knowledge

K. latifolia Codd K. pauciflora Baker Midlands Species K. buchananii Baker K. littoralis Codd K. buchananii, K. ichopensis var. K. albomontana Baijnath aciformis, and K. latifolia are distributed K. leucocephala Baijnath in the KZN midlands; K. buchananii is also distributed in northern KZN, and Collectors K. ichopensis var. aciformis in the up- lands. All three species grow on grassy According to the database records, slopes. The database shows that K. John Medley Wood (1827–1915), col- buchananii and K. ichopensis var. Kniphofia baurii Baker. lected the most Kniphofias—a total of aciformis have been collected from (Photo: R. Williams) 52. Medley Wood is known for his 1896 right through until 1995. K. large collections of the KZN flora, buchananii specimens were collected ith the advent of technology, old which has earned NH national as well in October and from January to March, Wmethods have commonly been as international respect. NH was estab- whereas K. var. aciformis was collected abandoned for new ones. The use of lished in 1882 by Medley Wood, who from October to February. K. latifolia the Pretoria Computerised Informa- was the Curator of the Botanic Gar- was collected in 1951 and 1953, in Oc- tion System (PRECIS) Specimen Data- dens (McCracken 1990). Other promi- tober. base at the Natal Herbarium (NH) has nent kniphofia collectors are R.G Strey, fortunately not lead to the demise of A.T.D. Abbott, L.E.W. Codd, D.J.B. According to Codd (1968), K. tradition. It has resulted in a more com- Killick, and W. Marais. ichopensis var. aciformis occurs be- plete output, as old information has tween 3 000–6 500 ft. It is distinguished become more accessible with the use Mountain Species by its robust form. K. buchananii and of new technology. K. ichopensis occur either as solitary Two species confined to the uplands plants, or in small groups. K. latifolia Kniphofias region of KZN are K. evansii and K. occurs only in small groups at an alti- angustifolia. Both species have been tude of 2 500–3 500 ft (Codd 1968). The Kniphofias, an exceptional group of collected in the Bergville district at flowering season for K. ichopensis var. plants ranging from elegant to robust Cathedral Peak Forest Research Sta- aciformis is from November until April. in character, have been used to display tion. Only three collections of K. evansii Flower colour varies from cream to this concept. Using the PRECIS Speci- are on the database, with one collec- yellow-green, and rarely salmon-pink. men Database, NH has completed the tion in 1895 and two in 1952; these col- According to Scott-Shaw (1999), this computerisation of 481 existing speci- lections were made in January and species is near threatened, as it is very mens of the genus Kniphofia. The ta- February. K. angustifolia was collected rare and has a narrow distribution. K. ble provides a list of the names of 43 in October and from January to March, buchananii flowers mainly in Febru- species computerised at NH. K. baurii between 1885 and 1988. K. evansii ary and March and is distinguished by Baker shows the typical floral form of grows in valleys, whereas K. its creamy-white flowers. K. latifolia the Kniphofias. angustifolia thrives on mountain slopes flowers mainly in October and Novem- and in marshy areas, gorges, and pans. ber; flowers are yellowish-green, with The genus Kniphofia, commonly red buds (Codd 1968). K. latifolia is an known as the Red Hot Pokers, was According to Codd (1968), K. evansii endangered species with a narrow dis- named in honour of Johannes and K. angustifolia occur either singly tribution (Scott-Shaw 1999). Hieronymus Kniphof (1704–63), a Pro- or in groups. K. evansii occurs between fessor of Medicine at Erfurt University, altitudes of 6 000–7 000 ft, and K. Wetland Species Germany (L.E. Codd 1968). There are angustifolia between 4 500–7 500 ft. K. about 70 species; most of these are con- evansii produces yellow-orange flow- According to the database, K. flammula fined to the African continent, with two ers mainly in January and February is distributed in northern KZN, mainly species in Madagascar (Marais 1973) (Codd 1968), the time when the speci- in the Dundee district, and grows in and one in southern Arabia. Approxi- mens in NH were collected. Accord- wetlands. The species was collected mately 45 species are found in South ing to Codd (1986), K. evansii is rare between 1893 and 1954, in the months Africa (L.E. Codd 1968), of which ten and was first collected by Maurice of November, January, and February. are endemic to the KwaZulu Natal Evans (1854–1920) in January 1895. (KZN) region: Evans assisted Medley Wood with K. flammula has pale orange-yellow K. angustifolia (Baker) Codd plant collecting (McCracken 1990). He flowers with scarlet buds, and flowers K. evansii Baker was also known as the Natal politician from mid-November to the end of K. flammula Codd who supported the local system for Af- January; it is found at an altitude of K. ichopensis Bak. ex Schinz var. ricans, and was fascinated by plants about 4 500 ft (Codd 1968). The con- aciformis (McCracken 1990). servation status of K. flammula is vul-

54 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 nerable, as wetland degradation by with a peak in February. The present SCOTT-SHAW, R. 1999. Rare and agriculture has lead to at least one lo- distribution of these plants indicates threatened plants of KwaZulu-Natal cal extinction (Scott-Shaw 1999). that the population of K. albomontana and neighbouring regions. Kwazulu- had been larger, and the remaining Natal-NCS. Pp. 113–115. Coastal Species plants are threatened by agriculture (Baijnath 1987). —Meeta Nathoo, Nikaya Govender & Database records show that K. littoralis Zoleka Dimon and K. pauciflora occur along the K. leucocephala, located in the SABONET coastal region. K. pauciflora grows Zululand region, is closely related to National Botanical Institute mainly in the Pinetown district K. pauciflora, but differs in floral and Natal Herbarium (Marianhill); K. littoralis occurs pre- vegetative characteristics (Baijnath dominantly in the Umzinto and Hlabisa 1992). According to Baijnath, K. districts. Both species are found in leucocephala, as well as other associ- marshy areas. A few specimens of K. ated plants, are in constant threat of littoralis were located on cliff tops, becoming extinct, due to urban devel- seepage areas, and depressions. K. opment and forestry. littoralis was collected from 1891 till Kniphofia 1990 in the months of July to October. Value of PRECIS List of taxa housed at Natal Herbarium According to our records, K. pauciflora No. Species Subspecies Variety was collected from 1883 up until 1970, in For this article, the PRECIS database Name Name Name September to November and January. has provided details such as distribu- 1 albescens tion of each species, grid references, 2 albomontana The main flowering season for K. the habitat, flower colour, vegetation, 3 angustifolia littoralis is between August and Octo- biotic effect, soil type, lithology, alti- 4 baurii ber; red buds transforme into pale yel- tude, and also the collection dates. 5 brachystachya low-green flowers as they open. It is a Other features for each species—such 6 breviflora species that is becoming rare over as flower colour, flowering seasons, 7 buchananii most of it range (Scott-Shaw 1999). K. and altitude— were obtained from the 8 caulescens pauciflora, flowering between Septem- literature. 9 coddiana ber and November, produces pale yel- 10 drepanophylla low flowers (Codd 1968). This species PRECIS has proven to be a vital link 11 ensifolia autumnalis is now considered to be extinct in the between the information obtained over 12 ensifolia ensifolia wild (Baijnath 1992). First collected in a hundred years ago and researchers 13 evansii 1860, at an unknown locality by a Dur- of today. Recording the details from 14 fibrosa ban resident, it was again collected in herbarium specimens makes them 15 flammula 1883 and 1898 by Medley Wood and in more accessible and expands our 16 fluviatilis 1893 by Schlechter in wetlands at knowledge of the flora. 17 galpinii Clairmont. Owing to the urban devel- 18 gracilis opment around Durban, K. pauciflora BAIJNATH, H. 1992. Kniphofia 19 ichopensis aciformis could no longer be found at Clairmont leucocephala (Asphodelaceae): a new 20 ichopensis ichopensis (Codd 1968). However, in May 1985, white-flowered red-hot poker from Prof. Himansu Baijnath of Durban- South Africa. South African Journal 21 latifolia Westville University found a specimen of Botany 58(6): 482–484. 22 laxiflora in the middle of Clairwood Race- BAIJNATH, H. 1987. Kniphofia 23 linearifolia course, it was taken to Pretoria and albomontana (Asphodelaceae): A 24 littoralis flowered in September of the same new caulescent species from South 25 multiflora year. Further attempts to locate speci- Africa. South African Journal of 26 northiae mens in the greater Durban area have Botany 53(4): 308–310. 27 parviflora failed (Scott-Sha, 1999)—K. pauciflora CODD, L.E. 1968. The South African 28 pauciflora now exists only as a cultivated plant. Species of Kniphofia. Bothalia 9: 363– 29 porphyrantha 515. 30 praecox New Species KILLICK, D.J.B. (ed.) 1988. Kniphofia 31 ritualis plaucifora. Flowering Plants of Africa 32 rooperi Prof. Baijnath has done further stud- 50: plate 1995. 33 splendida ies on the genus, specifically on new HILLIARD, O.M. 1990. Flowers of the 34 sp. species K. albomontana Baijnath and Natal Drakensberg. The lily, iris and 35 stricta K. leucocephala Baijnath. Database orchid families and their allies. 36 thodei records show one specimen of K. University of the Natal press, 37 triangularis obtusiloba albomontana at NH, collected in the Pietermaritzburg. Pp 22–23. 38 triangularis triangularis upland region of KZN. The flower col- MARAIS, W. 1973. A revision of the 39 typhoides our is bright orange on top, orange- tropical species of Kniphofia 40 tysonii lebomboensis yellow below. (Liliaceae). Kew Bulletin 28: 465–483. McCRACKEN, D.P. & McCRACKEN, 41 tysonii tysonii According to Baijnath, K. albomontana P.A. 1990. Natal the garden colony. 42 umbrina flowers between January and March, Frandsen Publishers. Pp 67–68. 43 uvaria

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 55 What Colour is Propagation Techniques Vinaceous? for

he following note originally ap- tion. I shouldn’t hesitate to describe a Southern Africa’s Tpeared in Nomenclatural Forum 25: flower as the colour of “Brown Sherry”. 186 (1990). This publication is very ob- We can cut out the colours of Claret and Threatened Plants scure and not widely read. After a visit Burgundy. I have only seen these colours to Christian’s botanical garden at in the exerted portions of the filaments Ewanrigg (see Regional News Update), of spp. in [section] Ortholophae. Mind s part of the various activi- we thought that it would be a good you, I should dearly love to sit down with Aties associated with idea to resurrect it with minor modifi- you to a couple of bottles of “Chateau SABONET, funding has been cations. Lafitte” of a good year or “Romanée made available by the Regional Conti” of any year, just you and me, as Steering Committee to prepare H.B. Christian (1871–1950) studied the there wouldn’t be enough for three! and publish, by the end of De- aloes north of the Limpopo River while More would be a surfeit, and less would cember 2002, a manual on the Reynolds was preparing his monu- be worse! Towards the end just think propagation and cultivation of mental work on the aloes of southern how beautifully we could see and de- southern Africa’s threatened Africa. Christian left his collection of scribe all the colours of the rainbow!! plants. This publication will be living plants in trust to become a pub- particularly useful for horticultur- lic park; they are now in the Ewanrigg …You say your Nanyuki sp. is ists working on threatened plant National Park, near Harare in Zimba- “vinaceous” the colour of myriacantha. collections in southern Africa’s bwe. Rumour has it that he was a The colour of this is pale red. Ever heard botanical gardens. crusty old gentleman, and the extract of a pale red wine? You can ask two of below would seem to bear this out. He your worst enemies to split a bottle of Many botanical gardens world- had a very extensive correspondence this colour, one bottle would be quite suf- wide grow southern African with Reynolds, much of which is pre- ficient to finish off both of them! plants as part of their collections, served with the Aloe specimens in and we would like to offer an op- PRE. This extract was filed with A. In this degenerate post-phylloxera age portunity for any staff from bo- minima, and is dated 16.11.46. in which no botanist could afford the tanical gardens around the world wines mentioned by Mr Christian, to contribute towards the publi- “Vinaceous” colour conveys nothing to would the learned oenophiles and cation. If you or one of your staff me! What particular wine do you refer Latinists who read SABONET News is involved in cultivating threat- to? Schweinfurth, Steudner, Engler and like to favour us lesser mortals with ened southern African plants, we Berger would probably have thought of their thoughts on what kind of wine encourage you to contribute some “Johannisberger Schloss” or (and at what age!) gives us the correct of these techniques. A list of “Bernkastler Doktor” both yellow wines idea of the colour called “vinaceous”? southern African threatened like all the Rhine and Moselles. Van Balen plants can be found on the would probably think of schnapps, but The flowers of Aloe myriacantha and SABONET web site: men of your Father’s and my generation others that one of us has seen de- http://www.sabonet.org/ would be more likely to think longingly scribed as “wine-coloured” tend to be, reddatalist/database.html. of 1864 Port, whereas you youngsters as Christian said, shades of opaque couldn’t get beyond that horrible stuff deep pink to pale red. We can only Should you be willing to share from Scotland! agree with the sentiments expressed some of the techniques devel- in the last paragraph of Christian’s oped and experience gained over …I have always taken “wine-coloured” outburst. A wine that colour would be the years in cultivating southern to indicate the colour of “Brown Sherry”, truly noxious! African threatened plants, please but I have seen no Aloe flowers of this contact Anthony Hitchcock di- colour from south of the Limpopo. We —Hugh Glen & David Hardy rectly at the following address: have them in Kenya and T.T. National Herbarium P/Bag X101 Nursery Manager …“Vinaceous” would be all right in a Pretoria Kirstenbosch National Botanical Latin description providing you specified 0001 South Africa Garden which wine it was in the English descrip- [email protected] Private Bag X7 Claremont 7735 South Africa Tel.: (27) 21 799 8800 Fax: (27) 21 797 6570 [email protected]

56 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 World Biodiversity Day the first volume was published in http://www.biodiv.org 1996. World Biodiversity Day is on 22 May This bibliography is designed to 2002. collect information from the many scattered sources of books and papers World Summit on on medicinal plants and to set Sustainable Development priorities on books focussing on the http://www.johannesburgsummit.org conservation of medicinal plants. In www.earthsummit2002.org total, 801 references and 170 reviews, The World Summit on Sustainable indexed by general, geographic, and Development (Rio + 10) takes place taxonomic keywords, are from 26 August to 4 September 2002. incorporated for the period of 1997 to 2000. 18th Century Herbarium The second volume of MPCB can be Online obtained at the price of US$15.00 / www.nhm.ac.uk/botany/databases/ GBP10.00. It is available through: clifford/index.html IUCN Publications Service Unit, 219c The Natural History Museum, London Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 UK, has launched a new website 0DL, United Kingdom, Fax: +44/1223/ dedicated to an important 18th 277-175, E-mail: [email protected] century botanical collection, The Bibliographical information: Uwe George Clifford Herbarium. This new Schippmann, 2001, Medicinal Plant site, which is accompanied by Conservation Bibliography, Volume 2., background information on the ISSN 1433-304x. collector and his significance, enables scientists, historians and the general Plant Species-Level public to view collections which are Systematics Symposium normally restricted in access due to http://www.nationaalherbarium.nl/ their age, importance and fragility. symposium2002/home.htm The collection contains a high The international symposium on Plant proportion of historically and Species-Level Systematics: Patterns, nomenclaturally important specimens Processes And New Applications is particularly regarding their close organized by the National Herbarium association with Carl Linnaeus and of the Netherlands, the International the Hortus Cliffortianus. Association of Plant Taxonomists, and Accompanying databases allow the the Linnean Society of London. The specimen images to be readily symposium will take place from 13 to correlated with this work and more 15 November 2002. recent identifications. This new site complements three other NHM on- Bioline Has Moved line botanical collections: Clayton The new Bioline address is http:// Herbarium (www.nhm.ac.uk/botany/ www.bioline.org.br clayton ) Sloane Jamaican Collections (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/botany/ Calculate Your Ecological databases/sloane/index.htm ) Footprint Hermann Sri Lankan Collections www.rprogress.org/programs/ (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/botany/ sustainability/ef/quiz/ databases/hermann/index.htm ) . Other historical collections will be Biological Conservation available later in the year. Newsletter rathbun.si.edu/bcn Medicinal Plant Conservation Bibliography Wildlife Forum In June 2001 volume 2 of the www.wildwatch.com/bushtalk/ Medicinal Plant Conservation default.asp Bibliography (MPCB) was published;

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 57 ThePaper Chase

he object of this column is to keep an eye open for literature which SABONET users may find useful. This will mostly Tbe new publications, but may well include older information in answer to questions such as “what’s the best key to …”. It is neither possible nor desirable that the flow of such information should be one-way, from Pretoria outwards, so would readers please feel free to submit notes and useful information to the address at the end of this column.

The citation of an item here does not imply any guarantee of its contents or even its existence; very often the compiler has not seen the documents referred to.

Mary Gunn Library: Books and Theses thriving there. The author is clearly passionate about his trees, and equally clearly a good photographer. The result is a ❚ Klopper, R.R. 2000. Leaf structure in southern African most desirable book, though not the ultimate guide to all species of Salsola L. (Chenopodiaceae). M.Sc., University of 1 900 exotic tree species grown in southern Africa. Pretoria. ❚ Pope, G. & Pope, D. 1998. Flora Zambesiaca: collecting ❚ Kwembeya, E.G. 2000. Studies in the Dryopteris inaequalis localities in the Flora Zambesiaca area. Royal Botanic Gardens, (Dryopteridaceae) complex. M.Sc., University of Cape Town. Kew. Paperback, A4, 190 pages. ISBN 1-900347-51-2.

❚ Mafa, P. Phylogenetic relationships of the African species of Those who have used draft versions of this monumental work the genus Merxmuellera Conert (Poaceae: Danthonioideae). will be delighted to know that the real thing is now available M.Sc. thesis, University of Cape Town. and even better than the drafts. This one has all the names in one alphabetical sequence (no hunting in several different ❚ Martins, T.G. 1998. Contribuição para o estudo sistemática places for names from more than one country), printed on de plantas vasculares de Angola: Noções de técnicas de white paper throughout (no reading black ink on dark paper) herbarologia e da cartografia. Instituto de Investigação and has notes on some place names that need them. Cientifica Tropical, Centro de Botânica, Lisboa. Congratulations to the compilers on an excellent job.

Mary Gunn Library: New Books ❚ Radcliffe-Smith, A. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Hardcover, A4, x + 455 pages. ISBN 1 ❚ Burgers, N.D. & Clarke, G.P. (eds.). 2000. Coastal forests of 842460 22 6. Eastern Africa. IUCN, Cambridge, U.K. Hardcover, A4, xiii + 443 pages. ISBN 2-8317-0436-7. ❚ Specht, R.L., Specht, A. Whelan, M.B. & Hegarty, E.E. 1995. Conservation Atlas of plant communities in Australia. Centre ❚ Meney, K.A. & Pate, J.S. (eds.). 1999. Australian Rushes. for Coastal Management, Lismore, NSW. Hardcover, A4, xiv + University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA. Hardcover, 1063 pages. ISBN 1-875855-12-2. A4, 486 pages. ISBN 1-876268-01-8. ❚ Van Rheede van Oudtshoorn, K. & Van Rooyen, M.W. 1999. Despite two possible alternative meanings of the title, this Dispersal biology of desert plants. Springer, Berlin. Hardcover, turns out to be all one wanted (?) to know about non-African quarto, 242 pages. ISBN 3-540-64886-0. Restionaceae and one or two very closely related families. ❚ Von Koenen, E. 2001. Medicinal, poisonous and edible plants ❚ Neuwinger, H.D. 2000. African Traditional Medicine. in Namibia. Klaus Hess, Windhoek. Hardcover, A4, 335 pages. Medpharm, Stuttgart. Hardcover, quarto, x + 589 pages. ISBN ISBN 99916-747-4-8. 3-88763-086-6. The first German edition of this book was published in 1977 As a general principle, one should not try the recipes in books and has been out of print for many years, but a second such as this except under qualified medical supervision. This edition, the source of this translation, was published in 1996. book includes, in a pouch in the back and only usable with the main book, a 46-page paperback “quickguide” to materials ❚ Williamson, G. 2000. Richtersveld, the enchanted wilderness. used to treat various conditions. Umdaus, Pretoria. Hardcover, 258 pages. ISBN 1-919766-17-0.

❚ Paola, L. 1998. Exotic subtropical trees in Durban. Parks Mary Gunn Library: New Parts of Floras Department, Durban. Paperback, A4, 68 pages, no ISBN number. Flora Zambesiaca

Durban has the best climate in South Africa for the cultivation ❚ Part 5 of volume 3 of some truly wonderful trees. The Botanic Garden there is Papilionoideae, Tribe 8. Phaseoleae, edited by G. Pope (2001). over 100 years old, and some of the original trees are still

58 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 ❚ Part 3 of volume 12 pollen of three grass species. J-H. Fu, L-G. Lei, L-B. Chen & Hypoxidaceae, Tecophilaeaceae, Asphodelaceae, Aloaceae & G-Z. Qiu. Pages 771–776. Hemerocallidaceae edited by G. Pope (2001). Biodiversity and Conservation 10(8,9,10) Flora of Tropical East Africa (2001)

❚ Myrtaceae by B. Verdcourt (2001). ❚ Priority areas for the conservation of subtropical indigenous forest in southern Africa: a case study from KwaZulu-Natal. ❚ Oleandraceae by B. Verdcourt (2001). H.A.C. Eeley, M.J. Lawes & B. Reyers. Pages 1221–1246.

❚ Ophioglossaceae by J.E. Burrows & R.J. Johns (2001). ❚ Representation of natural vegetation in protected areas: capturing the geographic range. J.M. Scott, M. Murray, R.G. ❚ Polypodiaceae by B. Verdcourt (2001). Wright, B. Csuti, P. Morgan & R.L. Pressey. Pages 1297–1301.

❚ Tiliaceae & Muntingiaceae by C. Whitehouse, M. Cheek, S. ❚ Measuring and mapping endemism and species richness: a Andrews & B. Verdcourt (2001). new methodological approach and its application on the flora of Africa. G. Kier & W. Barthlott. Pages 1513–1529. Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viêtnam ❚ Perceptions of the forestry and wildlife policy by the local ❚ Volume 30. Leguminosae—Papilionoideae—Millettieae. communities living in the Maputo Elephant Reserve, Mozambique. B. Soto, S.M. Munthali & C. Breen. Pages 1723– Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie 1738.

❚ Volume 20. Celastraceae, Loranthaceae, Alseuosmiaceae, Biological Conservation 100(1) (2001) Paracryphiaceae, Tiliaceae. ❚ Conservation of endemic plants in serpentine landscapes. Recently Published Papers A. Wolf. Pages 35–44.

African Journal of Ecology 39(4) (2001) ❚ Habitat patchiness promotes invasion by alien grasses on serpentine soil. S. Harrison, K. Rice & J. Maron. Pages 35–44. ❚ Effects of large herbivores and fire on the regeneration of Acacia erioloba woodlands in Chobe National Park, Botswana. Biological Conservation 102(2) (2001) M.E. Barnes. Pages 340–350. ❚ Protecting plants from elephants: botanical reserve ❚ The ecological changes of Echuya afromontane bamboo scenarios within the Addo Elephant National Park, South forest, Uganda. A.Y. Banana & M. Tweheyo. Pages 366–373. Africa. A.T. Lombard, C.F. Johnson, R.M. Cowling & R.L. Pressey. Pages 191–203. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32 (2001) Biological Conservation 103(1) (2002)

❚ Mistletoe—A keystone resource in forests and woodlands ❚ Local extinctions of the wetland specialist Swertia perennis worldwide. D.M. Watson. Pages 219–250. L. (Gentianaceae) in Switzerland: a revisitation study based on herbarium records. J. Lienert, ❚ Ecology, conservation and public M. Fischer & M. Diemert. Pages policy. D. Ludwig, M. Mangel & B.M. 65–76. Haddad. Pages 481–518. BioScience 51(10,11) Australian Journal of (2001) Botany 49(6) (2001) ❚ Mangrove forests: one of the ❚ Floristic composition and world’s threatened major tropical variability of subalpine grasslands in environments. I. Valiela, J.L. the Mt Hotham region, north-eastern Bowen & J.K. York. Pages 807–815. Victoria. L.J. Wearne & J.W. Morgan. Pages 721–734. ❚ Terrestrial of the world: a new map of life on earth. ❚ Growth, seed production and effect D.M. Olson, E. Dinerstein, E.D. of defoliation in an early flowering Wikramanayake et al. Pages 933– perennial grass, Alloteropsis 938. semialata (Poaceae), on Cape York Peninsula, Australia. G.M. Crowley & ❚ The conservation of wild plant S.T. Garnett. Pages 735–743. species in seed banks. D.J. Schoen & A.H. Brown. Pages 960–966. ❚ Wall ultrastructure and cytochemistry and the longevity of

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 59 Castanea 66(1,2) (2001) Environmental Conservation 28(2,3) (2001)

❚ Coastal plain endemics: phytogeographic ❚ Tourism revenue-sharing around national parks in western patterns. B.A. Sorrie & A.S. Weakley. Pages 50–82. Uganda: early efforts to identify and reward local communities. K. Archabald & L. Naughton-Treves. Pages 135– Climate Research 17(2) (2001) 149.

❚ Desertification and a shift of forest species in the West ❚ Fuelwood depletion at wilderness campsites: extent and African Sahel. P. Gonzalez. Pages 217–228. potential ecological significance. T.E. Hall & T.A. Farrell. Pages 241–247. ❚ Central African forests, carbon and climate change. C. Justice, D. Wilkie, Q.F. Zhang, J. Brunner & C. Donoghue. ❚ Re-examining local and market orientated use of wild Pages 217–228. species for the conservation of biodiversity. C.M. Shackleton. Pages 270–278. Conservation Biology 15(4,5,6) Environmental Impact Assessment Review (2001) 21(1,4) (2001)

❚ Conservation value and ❚ Environmental impact assessment in developing countries: rankings of exotic species. The case of Ghana. S. Appiah-Opoku. Pages 59–72. M.A. Patten & R.A. Erickson. Pages 817–818. ❚ The roles of EIA in the decision-making process. E. Leknes. Pages 309–334. ❚ Evaluating completeness of species lists for Environmental Management 28(3) (2001) conservation and macroecology. H.G. de ❚ A landscape ecological approach to address scaling Silva & R.A. Medellin. problems in conservation management and monitoring. M. Pages 1384–1395. Stalmans, K. Balkwill, E.T. Witkowski & K.H. Rogers. Pages 389–401. ❚ A systematic test of an enterprise strategy for Ingens Bulletin 24 community-based (2001) biodiversity conservation. N. Salafsky, H. Cauley, G. Balachander et al. Pages 1585–1595. ❚ Our travels to the great Namaqualand and beyond. M. ❚ Low recruitment of trees dispersed by animals in African Harvey. Pages 15–25. forest fragments. N.J. Cordeiro & H.F. Howe. Pages 1733– 1741. ❚ Blooming baobabs—the “weirdest” tree in Africa has Ecological Applications 11(5) (2001) the most stunning flowers. J. Onderstall. Pages 25–27. ❚ Exotic plant invasions alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland. R.D. Evans, R. Rimer, L. Sperry & J. Belnap. Pages ❚ The last word—save the 1301–1310. Albany cycad. S. Gussmann. Pages 28–29. Ecological Letters 4(4,5) (2001) ❚ Third up-date of Harding’s ❚ Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the Aloes of the World. D.J. measurement and comparison of species richness. N.J. Richards. Pages 31–38. Gotelli & R.K. Colwell. Pages 379–391. Journal of Range Management 54(5,6) (2001) ❚ Taxon size predicts rates of rarity in vascular plants. M.W. Schwartz & D. Simberloff. Pages 464–469. ❚ Principles and practices for managing rangeland invasive plants. R.A. Masters & R.L. Sheley. Pages 502–517. ❚ Phenology is a major derterminant of tree species range. I. Chuine & E.G. Beaubien. Pages 500–510. ❚ Long-term plant community development as influenced by revegetation techniques. G.J. Newman & E.F. Redente. Pages Ekol. Bratislava 20 (2001) 717–724.

❚ Monitoring of the grassland communities in the East Journal of Tropical Ecology 17 (2001) Carpathians Biosphere Reserve. L. Halada, H. Ruzickova & S. David. Pages 47–62. ❚ Successional sequence of forest types in a disturbed dry forest reserve in southern Benin, West Africa. C. Nansen, A. Tchabi & W.G. Meikle. Pages 525–539.

60 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Nature 412(6842) (2001) ❚ The (re)-discovery of the Pondo Snakewood, Colubrina nicholsonii, in KwaZulu-Natal. R. Boon. Pages 17–19. ❚ Price put on biodiversity. O.E. Saia. Pages 34–36. ❚ Eco-economists: How much is it worth to be skinned? P. NewScientist 173(2324) (2002) Scohaczewski & J. McNeely. Pages 27–29.

❚ Fields of dreams: Can farmers and environmentalists ever be ❚ The moth-fruit, Acridocarpus natalitius, in the service of friends? D. Charles. Pages 25–27. gardeners, traditional healers and two-pip policemen. E. Douwes, N.R. Crouch & R. Symmonds. Pages Novon 11(4) (2001) 30–33.

❚ New or misunderstood species of ❚ The Pondoland Ghost Bush. T. Abbott. Commelina (Commelinaceae) from the Pages 34–36. Flora of Tropical East Africa and Flora Zambesiaca areas. R.B. Faden. Pages ❚ Introduction to Bryology in southern Africa: 398–409. Eleven mosses to know. J. van Rooy.

❚ Another new species of Villarsia Science 293(5535) (2001) (Menyanthaceae) from South Africa. R. Ornduff. Pages 437–439. ❚ People and biodiversity in Africa. M.A. Huston. Page 1591. Oryx 35(4) (2001) Science 294(5543) (2001) ❚ A time for taxonomists to take the lead. P. Porter & H. Lowery. Pages 273– ❚ Diversity and productivity in a long-term 274. grassland experiment. D. Tilman, P.B. Reich, J. Knops, D. Wedin, T. Mielke & C. Lehman. ❚ The biodiversity of Madagascar: one Pages 843–845. of the world’s hottest hotspots on its way out. J.U. Ganzhorn, P.P. Lowry, G.E. Schatz & S. Sommer. Pages 346–348. South African Journal of Botany 67(2,3) (2001)

❚ The World Bank and biodiversity conservation. T. Whitten, ❚ A taxonomic revision of Rafnia (Fabaceae, Crotalarieae). G.J. G. Castro, K. MacKinnon & G. Platais. Pages 357–358. Campbell & B-E. van Wyk. Pages 90–149.

Plant Ecology 153(1) (2001) ❚ Reconsideration of the status of Lavrania, Larryleachia and Noteclaidnopsis (Asclepiadoideae–Ceropegieae). U. Meve & S. ❚ Epiphytes and their contribution to canopy diversity. J. Liede. Pages 161–168. Nieder, J. Prosperi & G. Michaloud. Pages 51–63. ❚ Photosynthesis and water relations of six tall genotypes of PlantLife 25 October (2001) Cocos nucifera in wet and dry seasons. C.H. Prado, E.E. Passos & J.A. de Moraes. Pages 169–176. ❚ Fire, frost, waterlogged soil of something else: what selected for the geoxylic suffrutex growth form in Africa? Y. ❚ Anatomical and morphological studies of seed development Steenkamp, M.J. Kellerman & A.E. van Wyk. Pages 4–6. in Sandersonia aurantiaca. X. Zou, D.W. Fountain & E.R. Morgan. Pages 183–192. ❚ An introduction to the herbarium of the ❚ Chromosome associations University of the North. P. of three interspecific, dibasic Winter. Page 8. Lachenalia hybrids. F.L. Hancke, W.S. Jansen van ❚ Visit to Catapu, Rensburg & H. Liebenberg. Mozambique—November Pages 193–198. 2000. M. Coates Palgrave. Pages 9–13. ❚ The utilization of Colophospermum mopaneby ❚ The plantaholic’s hotspot the Vatsonga in the guide: Witsand Nature Gazankulu region (eastern Reserve, Northern Cape. Northern Province, South T. Anderson. Pages 14–15. Africa). L.G. Mashabane, D.C. Wessels & M.J. Potgieter. ❚ Haworthia limifolia; Pages 199–205. Fileleaf Haworthia; umathithibala. G. Nichols. Page 16.

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 61 ❚ A study of the ovule, embryo sac and young seed of ❚ The progression of a mangrove forest over a newly formed capensis (). E.M. Steyn, A.E. van Wyk & G.F. delta in the Umhlatuze Estuary, South Africa. T. Bedin. Pages Smith. Pages 206–213. 433–438.

❚ Morphology, ontogeny and functional anatomy of the seeds ❚ Biomass distribution and leaf nutrient concentrations and of Colophospermum mopane. A. Jordaan, D.C. Wessels & H. resorption of Thalassia hemprichii at Inhaca Island, Kruger. Pages 214–229. Mozambique. A.R. Martins & S.O. Bandeira. Pages 439–442.

❚ A new species of Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) from ❚ Litter production of three mangrove stands of Mida Creek, Sekhukhuneland, South Africa. E. Retief, S.J. Siebert & A.E. Kenya. P. Gwada & J.G. Kairo. Pages 443–449. van Wyk. Pages 230–234. ❚ A taxonomic listing, including new distribution records, for ❚ Conservation of the vegetation on the Melville Ridge, benthic, intertidal seaweeds from Mecufi, Mozambique. S.O. Johannesburg. W.N. Ellery, K. Balkwill, K. Bandeira, C.M. Antonio & A.T. Critchley. Ellery & R.A. Reddy. Pages 261–273. Pages 492–496.

❚ Productivity and sustainable use of South African Journal of Plant Phragmites in the Fuyeni reedbed— and Soil 18(4) (2001) Hluhluwe–Umfolozi Park—management guidelines for harvest. S.G. McKean. Pages ❚ Breaking dormancy to improve 274–280. germination in seeds of Acacia erioloba. E.K. Materechera & S.A. Materechera. ❚ The genus Amsinckia Lehm. Pages 142–146. (Boraginaceae) in southern Africa. E. Retief & A.E. van Wyk. Pages 287–293. ❚ Low temperature treatment advances flowering in Clivia miniata (Linley) Regel. ❚ Scanning electron microscopy of the leaf C.B. Honiball & P.J. Robbertse. Pages 169– epicuticular waxes of the genus Gethyllis L. 170. Amaryllidaceae) and prospects for a further subdivision. C. Weiglin. Pages 333–343. ❚ Scarification and stratification of Combretum erythrophyllum(Burchell) ❚ Pharmacological and phytochemical seed and fruit for uniformity in properties of Dombeya rotundifolia. K.A. germination. P. Wickens & W.G. Gaum. Reid, A.K. Jager & J. van Staden. Pages 349– Pages 171–173. 353. South African Journal of Science ❚ Seedling emergence and survival of three 97(9,10) (2001) Namaqualand pioneer plant species grown under saline soil conditions. A.J. de Villiers, ❚ Southern African systematics biologists M.W. van Rooyen & G.K. Theron. Pages 354– forge ahead. G.F. Smith & H.P. Linder. 357. Pages 365–367.

❚ A survey of the polysaccharide reserves in ❚ A phytochemical basis for the potential geophytes native to the winter-rainfall use of Warburgia salutaris (pepper-bark region of South Africa. B. Orthen. Pages tree) leaves in the place of bark. S.E. 371–375. Drewes, N.R. Crouch, M.J. Mashimbye, B.M. de Leeuw & M.M. Horn. Pages 383– ❚ In vitro regeneration of the Kalahari devil’s 386. claw, Harpagophytum procumbens, an important medicinal plant. D.D. Shushu. Trends in Ecology and Evolution Pages 378–380. 16(8,9,11) (2001)

❚ Restoration and management of mangrove systems—a ❚ Biodiversity hotspots and beyond: the need for preserving lesson for and from the East African region. J.G. Kairo, F. environmental transitions. T.B. Smith, S. Kark, C.J. Schneider, Dahdouh-Guebas, J. Bosire & N. Koedam. Pages 383–389. R.K. Wayne & C. Moritz. Page 431.

❚ Status and distribution of mangroves in Mozambique. F.M. ❚ Viewing invasive species removal in a whole ecosystem Barbosa, C.C. Cuambe & S.O. Bandeira. Pages 393–398. context. E.S. Zavaleta, R.J. Hobbs & H.A. Mooney. Pages 454– 459. ❚ Seagrass research in the eastern African region: emphasis on diversity, ecology and ecophysiology. S.O. Bandeira & M. ❚ Classifying threatened species at national versus global Bjork. Pages 420–425. levels. U. Gardenfors. Pages 511–516.

❚ Evolutionary ecology of carnivorous plants. A.M. Ellison & N.J. Gotelli. Pages 623–629.

62 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 book review Alien Weeds and Invasive Plants

Lesley Henderson. 2001. distinguish the particular species from Published by the Agricultural Research other related or similar species. Addi- Council, Pretoria. tionally, in a separate section after the ISBN 1-86849-192-7. descriptions, colour photographs (four English. 300 pp. per page) of 100 species further illus- Soft cover, 210 x 150 mm. trate the book. The photographs are generally good, and the printing qual- his new book by Lesley Henderson ity is excellent. Tis very timely and welcome in light of the Conservation of Agricultural Re- Further features that add to the value sources Act (Act No. 43 of 1983) with of the book include the regulations the new Amendments (Government concerning the control of the declared Veld & Flora 87(4) (2001) Gazette Vol. 429, No. 22166, 30 March weeds and invaders according to the 2001). The book includes all 198 de- Act, a key and figures explaining bo- ❚ Of mice and massonias. Night clared weeds and invaders covered by tanical terms (making the book very observations on the Knersvlakte reveal the Act, and also 36 other species that useful to the non-botanist, gardeners, the pollinator of a Namaqualand lily. S. are considered as plants that could be and officials), and a comprehensive Johnson, A. Pauw & J. Midgley. Pages added to the list. A total of 234 plant index of botanical and vernacular 166–167. species are dealt with in the book. names.

❚ Sekhukhuneland. Floristic wealth For ease of use, the species are This book is well written and excel- versus mineral riches. S. Siebert & grouped into easily recognisable cat- lently presented. It is very informa- B. van Wyk. Pages 168–173. egories, namely grasses and reeds, tive—a complete guide to the declared water plants, terrestrial herbs, climb- weeds and invaders in South Africa— ❚ An oasis of wildness. Rondebosch ers, and trees and shrubs. A full page and is a must for every bookshelf. Common, its history and its flowers. is used for each species. The page in- —George Bredenkamp B. Dwight & J. Eastman. Pages 178–181. cludes a line drawing, distribution Department of Botany map, symbols, and a brief description. University of Pretoria ❚ Bulbs ablaze. A fire releases bulbs that The line drawings are very clear and [email protected] have lain dormant under pines for include specific features that help with many years. C. McMaster & identification. Clear symbols indicate R. McMaster. Pages 182–185. the different categories of declared plants. The map of South Africa, in- —Hugh Glen & Stefan Siebert cluding the provinces, illustrates the [email protected] distribution of each species. The de- [email protected] scriptions that accompany the line drawings are brief; clever bold script and underlining emphasise special characteristics of the specific plant spe- cies to help with identification and to

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 63 book review Conspectus of Southern African Pteridophyta

J.P. Roux. 2001. of the family/genus. Each SABONET Report Series No. 13. family and genus has a key Published by SABONET, Pretoria. to its genera and species, re- ISBN 1-919795-58-8. spectively. English. 223 pp. Soft cover, 300 x 210 mm. Each species is provided Available from the SABONET Re- with information on the type gional Office. collections, synonyms, pub- lished illustrations, habitat his conspectus is an enumeration and ecological notes, and Tof the pteridophytes of Angola, distribution. The distribution Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozam- range of each species in Af- bique, Namibia, South Africa (includ- rica is given as a list of all the ing the Marion Island group), countries in which it occurs. Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. In my mind distribution maps would have been bet- The publication starts off with an In- ter here, since a species troduction explaining the problems might have a very restricted that are evident when attempting to distribution in a specific produce a phylogeny for pteri- country; for example, dophytes (a phylogeny is a model of Cheilanthes deltoidea is indi- the evolutionary history and relation- cated to occur in Namibia and South cant publications ships of taxa) and also briefly explains Africa, but is actually restricted to a lim- on southern African pteridophytes are the type of information provided in the ited area around the Orange River in Grammitaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, book. these two countries. Where appropri- Lycopodiaceae, and Thelypteridaceae. ate, each species is also provided with Some name changes can take a while The Introduction is followed by a brief a key to its subspecies/varieties. These to be accepted by amateurs and it re- Historical Overview of the exploration infraspecific taxa are provided with the mains up to everyone to decide for of pteridophytes in southern Africa, same information as that given for spe- themselves if the change makes taxo- naming the most prevalent fern collec- cies. However, no descriptions at spe- nomic sense or not. tors and fern-related publications for cies and subspecific level are provided the region. and distinguishing characters have to It is important to bear in mind that this be derived from the key. book cannot be seen in the same light The Phytogeography section provides as Burrows’s Southern African information on the paleoenvironment A short Glossary following the Tax- and fern allies, as the conspectus con- of southern Africa, the phytogeo- onomy section defines terms used in tains no photos and only a very lim- graphy of the southern African flora, the descriptions and also contains a ited number of line drawings depict- and specifically the phytogeography of diagrammatic fern frond and rhizome ing anatomical, micro-, and macro- the African Pteridophyta. illustrating some of the terms. morphological characters (16 plates). However, I believe that it deserves a After these introductory sections, a List A very useful 18-page Reference List, spot on the reference shelves of every of Families and Genera is provided. The an extensive 20-page Index, and an serious fernatic in southern Africa. Taxonomy section starts with a key to Addendum on the preparation of the families. Thereafter, each family pteridophyte herbarium specimens —Mrs Ronell R Klopper and its genera and species are treated complete the publication. Editor: Pteridoforum in the sequence in which they appear The Fern Society of Southern Africa in the list. The class, subclass, and or- This book is a valuable addition to the PO Box 73125 der to which each family belongs are existing literature on southern African Lynnwood Ridge 0040 also indicated. pteridophytes. No less than 490 differ- South Africa ent pteridophytes are enumerated in [email protected] Each family and genus is provided this 223-page conspectus. It finally pro- with information on the type, syno- vides a checklist for all the ferns and Adapted from Pteridoforum 61, with the kind nyms, a complete family/genus de- fern allies occurring in the subconti- permission of the Fern Society of Southern Af- scription, chromosome numbers ob- nent, providing us with the currently rica. tained from southern African material accepted scientific names of all taxa. where available, distribution, and Families in which major name changes notes on the size, phylogeny, and age have been made since the last signifi-

64 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 book review Cape Flats Floral Treasures A Teacher’s Guide to Active Learning in Cape Town Schools

A. Ashwell (ed.) & P. Allen (illustra- children alike, can engage in activities Management Department, City of tions). to preserve this natural heritage. As Cape Town: CMC Administration. Botanical Society of South Africa. such, this publication is long overdue. ISBN 1-874999-22-8. It makes a wonderful contribution to —Janice Golding English. 63 pp. environmental education and serves as National Botanical Institute Soft cover, 210 x 300 mm. a replicable model suited for urban [email protected] areas in other parts of the country. his superb two-colour soft cover Tbooklet is aimed at providing A pleasant and most positive message school educators with ideas on how to from the Mayor of Cape Town, Peter instil an appreciation for plants and Marais, is provided on the first page. nature in general. It encourages edu- In it, the Mayor says: “Together we cators to take a look at their immedi- need to identify ways to protect and ate surroundings (Cape Flats, Cape manage important sites so that benefits Town, South Africa) and use it as a can be realised for all the people of the schoolroom, giving them ideas on how city”… This publication is a joint to teach learners that caring for the project of the Botanical Society of natural environment is an investment South Africa and the Environmental in their future. A glossary, a list of use- ful teaching resources, references used, and contact persons are also pro- vided. The booklet is produced copy- right-free for educators. All these ele- ments are ingredients for a good re- source manual.

Topics such as investigating environ- mental issues, “did-you-know” facts, role-playing, and activity tips (for ex- ample, gardening projects) provide creative ideas for teachers. The publi- cation also provides essential informa- tion on the history of the Cape Flats, threatened species, and special conser- vation areas. A refreshing diversity of black-and-white photographs, line- drawings, and newspaper clippings come with apt captions, and these inthrmself convey much information to the reader.

The Cape Flats is situated on the coastal lowlands of Cape Town, and is a densely-populated urban area. The flora is well-documented and the de- mise of its indigenous plant species has been predicted from as early as 1926 by Miss Edith Stevens, the first female lecturer in Botany at the University of Cape Town. Today, the Cape Flats is one of the most highly threatened en- vironments in South Africa. Many en- demic and threatened species exist in a highly fragmented urban mosaic. Residents of the Cape Flats, adults and

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 65 book review The Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa Celebrating 75 Years of People Caring for the Earth

R. Cross & B. Humphreys (eds). his book is indeed a souvenir 75th journalists (Russel Molefe, Kim Official publication of the Wildlife and Tanniversary publication—it con- Helfrich, Jill Gowans, John Yeld, and Environment Society of South Africa sists of more than 120 colour pages of James Clarke) give excellent commen- (WESSA). articles celebrating past achievements dations. This is echoed by advertise- ISBN 1-874891-72-9. and future plans. WESSA was “born” ments from the corporate sector such English. 145 pp. on 11 March 1926 and since then, this as Deloitte & Touche, Caltex, and Hill- Soft cover, 300 x 210 mm. non-governmental organisation has side Aluminium. Available from WESSA, PO Box 394, grown considerably in size and scope. Howick 3290. Articles and letters from prominent in- However, this publication is much Cost: ZAR30 per copy, including post- dividuals in the conservation commu- more than just heaping praises on age and packaging. nity highlight that there are very few WESSA. Several thought-provoking organisations as old and as successful articles entitled “Is there a future for conservation in South Africa?,” “Eco- nomic Saint or Environmental Sinner?,” and “We have the right to say No” would prickle the conscience of any reader who may feel that they could do more for the natural environment. WESSA’s mission is to “promote pub- lic participation in caring for the Earth,” and so there are numerous well written articles regarding WESSA’s activities that range from environmen- tal education, coastal, and terrestrial management to alien plant eradication. All their projects involve people and much of their activities are supported by corporate sponsorships. Their flag- ship publication, Envirokids, is espe- cially targeted at young learners and includes competitions, quizzes, educa- tional articles, and catchy jokes—all of which are geared to stimulate and shape young minds (and older minds, too). Malcolm Powell, the Chief Execu- tive Director of WESSA appeals for as WESSA. South Afri- contributions to their “Anniversary ca’s Minister of Envi- Fund” and details are provided. ronmental Affairs and Tourism (Valli Moosa), This is a rich, glossy publication. The the President of the content is informative, of a high cali- World Conservation bre, and a pleasure to read. Once again, Union (IUCN, Yolanda WESSA makes it mark. Well done! Kakabadse), the Chief Executive of South WESSA website: http:// Africa National Parks www.wildlifesociety.org.za (SANParks, Mavuso Msimang), and sev- —Janice Golding eral of South Africa’s National Botanical Institute top environmental [email protected]

66 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 than enough to make up for it, I’m sure ridopsis robusta, and a happy assort- News from we all agree). Pomona is regarded as ment of other taxa to keep us content. the windiest place in Namibia, and it Nambia was with deep gratitude to NAMDEB The Aurus Mountains were our far- that we were able to stay in one of the thest goal. There had been good rains amibia skipped the last edition of old mining houses instead of tents, and the area was looking wonderful. NSABONET News, not because we which would probably have been Priscilla disappeared over the horizon had no news, but because we were all shredded (and I speak from experi- the moment we arrived and was later so frazzled that no one had time to put ence) or simply have blown away with seen trying to get her backside onto a it together. us in them. press that must have been a metre high, not to mention that there was Priscilla, Scream of the Desert Next we went south and east, to the more than one species collected on Klinghardt Mountains, concentrating each sheet…. I was pleased to obtain a One of the most interesting things we on the eastern reaches. Here Ferraria wonderful specimen of Whiteheadia undertook recently was our collabora- schaeferi was in magnificent bloom, bifolia, as I have visited there several tive collecting trip with PRE to the and much film was consumed in con- times and seen only leaves. Our gene Sperrgebiet (Diamond Area No. 1) in sequence. These mountains are very bank collector and Red Data enthusi- the southwestern corner of Namibia. diverse, largely because each one ast, Sonja Loots, spent several frenetic It all happened in August last year, af- seems unique and a little different from hours among her beloved cono- ter much effort was put into getting all the others. It was this area which phytums. things like permits, police clearances, was to provide a little zoological excite- and trip authorities, putting together ment towards the end of the trip... In En route back to Lüderitz we spent our itineraries, equipment lists, and species the meantime, the vygiephiles among second-last night in the eastern lists, and putting the fear of freezing us were quite content with Psammo- reaches of the Klinghardt range. For a in the desert into Lynn Fish, Gerrit phora nissenii, Astridia velutina, Chei- change it was a very pleasant evening, Germishuizen, and Priscilla Burgoyne hardly any wind and not too cold ei- of PRE. WIND and PRE were off to ther, so Antje Burke, who was our the winter-rainfall part of the Namib other companion on the trip, cooked Desert to work in undercollected us a delicious meal of macaroni squares in (arguably) one of the most cheese. After supper we cleaned up, wonderful places in the world (so put a lid on the leftovers, and went to great that you almost immediately bed. It wasn’t long before I heard rus- forget about the gale-force winds, tling and scraping around the kitchen freezing weather, lack of water for area, and evil thoughts about mad washing, and having to walk vast dis- Transvaalers making coffee in the tances to reach inselbergs that are middle of the night crossed my semi- way off the existing tracks). conscious mind. Just as I was about to turn over and ignore it all, I sud- We started just south of the Rotkuppe denly realised that it was quite an- Gate, just east of Lüderitzbucht. Our Euphorbia namibensis flowering in the area other animal making the noise—I first stop was to look for an where we searched for Polemanniopsis. opened the tent door quickly, to find undescribed species of Poleman- a rare vegetarian Brown Hyaena niopsis, in the hope that we could scoffing the remains of supper. He bring back the first flowering or fruit- was put out at having a torch shone ing material. No such luck—although on him and staggered off into the we found the plants, they were ster- night. ile, and the koringkrieks were hav- ing a field day. We did find Euphorbia Well, we cleaned up, packed every- namibensis and a number of other in- thing into the vehicles, warned teresting species though. Priscilla (who was sleeping in the open that night) that we had com- On to Grillental and Pomona to gaze pany, and went back to bed. with awe at Namibia cinerea (quite The dune crossing to get to Pomona clearly visible through the sand blow- provided some amusement on the first day It was just as I was drifting off bliss- ing in the freezing gale, and more of our trip. fully again that it came—the most un-

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 67 godly bloodcurdling scream, reach- Brag, Brag, Brag ing a crescendo and then tapering off into a dying gurgle. I can only say that On a different note, I am afraid that I Sonja Loots and I levitated into our am obliged to brag a bit. We have fin- boots, and were out of the tent with- ished capturing all our data—over out touching sides, sure that Priscilla 75 000 sheets—and are now looking was being eaten alive…it was the at data cleaning. This mammoth task kind of scream they pay big money included vast numbers of translations for when they make the Nightmare from German to English, and Herta on Elm Street movies, the kind that Kolberg of the National Plant Genetic makes every hair on your body leap Resources Centre must be thanked out of its follicle. for her enormous contribution to this work. Without her efforts we would We saw Whiteheadia bifolia in flower at We rushed back to where we ex- not be anywhere near where we are last. pected to find a bloody (if not dying) today. Our trusty data capturers—es- Priscilla. What we found instead was pecially Jocelyn le Hane and Eliza- a very disgruntled Priscilla, who had beth Campbell—did a great job, and taken offence at waking up to find last but not least, our own Esmerialda our furry friend a few feet away as- Klaassen continues to be the master sessing her for culinary value. She puppeteer who keeps all the strings decided to give this poor hyaena the moving and in order when it comes benefit of her opinion by vocal to our data. means, so she let fly with her best hyaena-scaring screech. Well. Suffice We have lots of plans for the future, it to say that the hyaena was his- some already in motion and others tory—and the rest of us are agreed embryonic. These include our new that Priscilla has a vocation in the in-depth Poaceae checklist, a Flora horror-movie field should she ever database that is already taking shape decide to give up succulents. under the enthusiastic and watchful The team at the scene of the scream—from eye of Patricia Craven, and of course We spent our last night together at left to right, Priscilla, Lynn, Coleen, Sonja, the crucially important process of Aus Vista, just west of Aus. We Gerrit, Antje. cleaning our data. wanted to socialise, but it was so cold that we all crawled into our sleeping gree squares, and those data will make In conclusion, we congratulate Patricia bags as fast as we could. a big difference to the environmental Craven on receiving her Masters de- sensitivity map that is being compiled gree from Stellenbosch University and This trip was an important one for for the Sperrgebiet. Our thanks go to wish all our colleagues in the SADC Namibia. We worked in a number of PRE, and especially to Lynn, Gerrit, region an enthusiastic and productive undercollected and virgin quarter-de- and Priscilla for the hard work they did. 2002. —Coleen Mannheimer

News from study to the remaining genera within have put together an agreement that the tribe. Hopefully this would help to will enable us to work on our respec- South Africa resolve some of the taxonomic prob- tive projects and to collaborate where lems within this essentially they meet. So everyone is happy! I was Report Back from Cape Town Gondwanan, mainly , group of able to add nearly 1 000 new specimen Internship plants and I would gain my Ph.D. records from BOL and NBG to my da- tabase of Schoeneae and also re-iden- y input into A Conspectus of Early in the new year, I received an e- tified a number of collections. Msouthern African Cyperacea’ (a mail from Dr Tony Verboom, the new forthcoming volume in the Strelitzia incumbent in the post previously held —Clare Archer series) will soon come to a close. Then by Peter Linder at the University of National Herbarium the editors will take over! So last year, Cape Town. He asked if I knew of any- Pretoria when formulating the GTI proposal one currently engaged in molecular [email protected] (see SABONET News 6.3), I included a work on, you guessed it, Tetraria, as he description of my next project: ‘A was applying for funds for this project. phylogeny of the Tribe Schoeneae After a flurry of messages between from a southern African perspective’. Cape Town and Pretoria, and an urgent The first phase would be to study the meeting with Prof. Gideon Smith, genus Tetraria, using molecular tech- SABONET kindly funded a flying visit niques amongst others, and the sec- for me to Cape Town between 4–8 Feb- ond phase would be to extend the ruary. We met, discussed the issue, and

68 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 News from Zimbabwe

Meg Coates Palgrave and SRGH Staff on a field excursion during a SABONET Internship in Harare. (Photo: H.F. Glen)

Southern African Botanists’ E-mail Addresses

he following list includes the e-mail Dr Elissaveta Loutchanska: (currently studying for a PhD at the Taddresses of staff working in some [email protected] Rand Afrikaans University) of the national/university herbaria, Ms Liz Matos: Ms Puleng Matebesi: botany departments, botanical gar- [email protected] [email protected] dens, and biodiversity programmes of southern Africa. Thanks to all those National Environment Secretariat who have sent their e-mail addresses BOTSWANA Mr Thulo Qhotsokoane: to the editors for inclusion in this list. [email protected] National Herbarium (GAB) PLEASE NOTE that this list gets up- General address: University Botanic Garden dated every issue of our newsletter. In [email protected] Mr Moretloa Polaki: order to avoid frustration and possi- [email protected] ble disappointment, our readers are Peter Smith Herbarium (PSUB) advised to use the most recent list avail- Dr Elmar Veenendaal: able. Some of the addresses listed in [email protected] MALAWI previous editions of the newsletter General address: may no longer be relevant. [email protected] National Herbarium (MAL) and Botanic Gardens SPECIAL APPEAL: Should you be University of Botswana Herbarium Prof. J.H. Seyani: aware of any changes to one or more (UCBG) [email protected] of the addresses listed below, or Mr Mbaki Muzila: (currently on leave of absence at the would like to be added to the list, [email protected] Commonwealth Secretariat, please notify Stefan Siebert, at (currently studying for a B.Sc. London) [email protected] so that the Honours Degree at the University of Dr Augustine Chikuni: list can be updated on a regular the Free State) [email protected] basis. Dr Moffat Setshogo: Mr Dickson Kamundi: [email protected] [email protected] (currently studying for a B.Sc. ANGOLA Honours Degree at the University of LESOTHO the Witwatersrand) Agostinho Neto University Mr Bintony Kutsaira: Dr Esperança Costa: Herbarium: National University of [email protected] [email protected] OR Lesotho (ROML) Mr Zacharia Magombo: [email protected] OR Ms Annah Moteetee: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (currently on study leave at Missouri)

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 69 Ms Cecilia Nyirenda General NBRI address: C.E. Moss Herbarium (J): Univer- (nee Maliwichi): [email protected] sity of the Witwatersrand [email protected] Prof. Kevin Balkwill: Ms Elizabeth Mwafongo National Herbarium (WIND) [email protected] (nee Mayaka): Ms Silke Bartsch: Ms Glynis Cron: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (currently studying for a M.Sc. Ms Esmerialda Klaassen: Mr Donald McCallum: Degree at the University of Cape [email protected] [email protected] Town) Ms Coleen Mannheimer: Mrs Reneé Reddy: Mr Montfort Mwanyambo: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Ramagwai Sebola: Ms Gladys Msekandiana: Vegetation Survey [email protected] [email protected] Mr Ben Strohbach: Mr Jameston Kamwendo: [email protected] Coastal & Environmental Services [email protected] Dr Ted Avis: General NHBG address: National Plant Genetic Resources [email protected] [email protected] Centre Medicinal plants: Ms Herta Kolberg: Compton Herbarium (NBG & SAM) [email protected] [email protected] Ms Jo Beyers: [email protected] National Botanic Gardens of Namibian Tree Atlas Project Ms Pascale Chesselet: Malawi Ms Barbara Curtis/Ms Coleen [email protected] Mr Mphamba Kumwenda: Mannheimer: Mr Christopher Cupido: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (currently studying for a B.Sc. Dr Peter Goldblatt: Honours Degree at the University of Polytechnic of Namibia [email protected] Stellenbosch) Mr Dave Joubert: Dr Hubert Kurzweil: [email protected] [email protected] Dr John Manning: MOZAMBIQUE [email protected] SOUTH AFRICA Dr Ted Oliver: LMA Herbarium [email protected] Mr Mario da Silva: ARC-Plant Protection Research Dr John Rourke: [email protected] Institute [email protected] Ms Samira Izidine: Mr Alan Wood: Dr Koos Roux: [email protected] OR [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Dee Snijman: Ms Marta Manjate: (BOL): University [email protected] [email protected] OR of Cape Town (includes Associated [email protected] Staff) Donald Killick Herbarium, Mrs Anne Bean: KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conserva- LMU Herbarium: Eduardo [email protected] tion Service Mondlane University Dr Peter Bruyns: Mr Rob Scott-Shaw: Mr Salomão Bandeira: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Tony Hall: Ms Filomena Barbosa: [email protected] Durban Botanic Gardens [email protected] Ms Cornelia Klak: Mr Christopher Dalzell Ms Carlota Quilambo: [email protected] (Curator): [email protected] Ms Sioban Munro: [email protected] [email protected] Mr Barry Lang: Department of Biological Sciences: Terry Trinder-Smith: [email protected] Eduardo Mondlane University [email protected] Mr Richard Symmonds: John Hatton: Mr George Verboom: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Bolus Library: Free State National Botanical [email protected] Garden NAMIBIA Mr Amadeus Mogale Buffeslkloof Private Nature Reserve (Curator): National Botanical Research & Herbarium [email protected] Institute Mr John Burrows: Ms Patricia Craven: [email protected] When sending mail to a staff member at the [email protected] Free State National Botanical Garden, insert Dr Gillian Maggs-Kölling: the name of the person in the subject line [email protected]

70 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Gauteng Nature Conservation Dr Charles Musil: Prof. Gideon Smith: Ms Michele Pfab: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Ingrid Nänni: (Director: [email protected] Research & Scientific Services) Harold Porter National Botanical Mr Les Powrie: Mr Christopher Willis: Garden [email protected] [email protected] Ms Karin Behr Dr Tony Rebelo: (Director: (Curator): [email protected] Gardens & Horticultural Services) [email protected] Dr Mike Rutherford: Dr Maureen Wolfson: [email protected] [email protected] Herbarium Soutpansbergensis (Deputy-Director: Mr Norbert Hahn: Lowveld National Botanical Garden Research and Education) [email protected] Mr Rudi Britz (Curator): National Herbarium (PRE) Jonkershoek Herbarium [email protected] Dr Heidi Anderson: Ms Melanie Simpson: Mr Johan Hurter: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr John Anderson: Mr Willem Froneman: [email protected] Karoo Desert National Botanical [email protected] Ms Clare Archer: Garden [email protected] Mr Ian Oliver When sending mail to a staff member at the Dr Robert Archer: (Curator): Lowveld National Botanical Garden, insert the [email protected] [email protected] OR name of the person in the subject line Mr Trevor Arnold: [email protected] [email protected] Mpumalanga Parks Board: Ms Antoinette Botha: Kimberley McGregor (KMG) Lydenburg [email protected] Museum Herbarium Ms Sonnette Krynauw: Ms Christien Bredenkamp: Ms Tania Anderson [email protected] [email protected] (Curator): Mr Mervyn Lotter: Ms Priscilla Burgoyne: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Annemarie van Heerden: Ms Carole de Wet: [email protected] Natal Herbarium (NH) [email protected] Dr Neil Crouch: Dr Bernard de Winter: Kimberley South African National [email protected] [email protected] Parks Herbarium (KSAN) Ms Zoleka Dimon: Ms Emsie du Plessis: Dr Hugo Bezuidenhout: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Jeff Govender: Ms Lyn Fish: Ms Michelle Harck: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Nikaya Govender: Mr Gerrit Germishuizen: [email protected] [email protected] Kirstenbosch National Botanical Ms Meeta Nathoo: Dr Hugh Glen: Garden [email protected] [email protected] Mr Graham Duncan: Mr Alfred Ngwenya: Ms René Glen: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Philip le Roux Ms Yashica Singh: Mr Hans Heilgendorf: (Curator): [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Rosemary Williams Ms Lesley Henderson: Mr Ernst van Jaarsveld: (Curator): [email protected] [email protected] OR [email protected] Mr Paul Herman: [email protected] [email protected] (home) Natal National Botanical Garden Ms Marie Jordaan: Mr Brian Tarr [email protected] Kirstenbosch Research Centre (Curator): Ms Marinda Koekemoer Dr Neville Brown: [email protected] (Curator): [email protected] Mr John Roff: [email protected] Mr J de Wet Bösenberg: [email protected] Ms Louisa Liebenberg: [email protected] [email protected] Dr John Donaldson: National Botanical Institute Mr Cuthbert Makgakga: [email protected] Prof. Brian Huntley: [email protected] Mr Barney Kgope: [email protected] Ms Alice Masombuka: [email protected] (CEO) [email protected] Ms Boniswa Madikane: Ms Khungeka Njobe: Mr Jean Meyer: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Guy Midgley: (Director: Ms Beverly Momberg: [email protected] Biodiversity, Policy & Planning) [email protected]

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 71 Ms Caroline Netnou: Prof. Braam Pieterse: Mr Peet Peens [email protected] [email protected] (Curator): Mr Solomon Nkoana: [email protected] [email protected] PRECIS Dr Sarie Perold: [email protected] H.G.W.J Schweickerdt Herbarium [email protected] (PRU): University of Pretoria Ms Julie Ready: Pretoria National Botanical Garden Prof. Braam van Wyk: [email protected] General: [email protected] Ms Elizabeth Retief: [email protected] [email protected] Scientific Services Herbarium, Mr Paulus Sebothoma: Qwa Qwa Herbarium: University of Department of Water Affairs and [email protected] the North (Qwa Qwa campus) Forestry, Knysna Ms Shirley Smithies: Prof. Rodney Moffett: Mr Johan Baard [email protected] [email protected] (Curator): Ms Hannelie Snyman: [email protected] [email protected] Qwa Qwa Herbarium: University of Mr Rynhard Kok: Ms Christina Steyn: the North (School of Life Sciences) [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Laco Mucina: Dr Elsie Steyn: [email protected] Selmar Schonland Herbarium, [email protected] Grahamstown Mr Jacques van Rooy: Rand Afrikaans University: Botany Ms Estelle Brink: [email protected] Department [email protected] Ms Helen van Rooyen: Dr Patricia Tilney: Mr Tony Dold: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Janine Victor: Prof. Herman van der Bank: [email protected] [email protected] Skukuza Herbarium (KNP), Kruger Ms Mienkie Welman: Prof. Ben-Erik van Wyk: National Park [email protected] [email protected] Ms Guin Zambatis (Curator): NBI Libraries: Range and Forage Institute, Agri- [email protected] Mary Gunn Library: cultural Research Council Mr Nick Zambatis: [email protected] Dr Kathy Immelman: [email protected] Librarian, Mary Gunn Library [email protected] (Ms Estelle Potgieter), National Southern Cape Herbarium Herbarium: Rhodes University: Botany Depart- Yvette van Wijk: [email protected] ment [email protected] OR Librarian, Kirstenbosch Dr Nigel Barker: [email protected] (Ms Yvonne Reynolds): [email protected] [email protected] Prof. CEJ Botha: Technikon Pretoria Herbarium [email protected] Cecilia de Ridder: National Museum Bloemfontein: Prof. Roy Lubke: [email protected] Dr Ziets Zietsman: [email protected] Dawid du Plessis [email protected] Mr Pete Phillipson: (Curator): [email protected] OR [email protected] Peninsula Technikon: Department [email protected] of Biological Sciences Mr BS Ripley: Umtamvuna Herbarium, Mr JC Coetzee: [email protected] Umtamvuna Nature Reserve [email protected] Mr Tony Abbott: Rondevlei Scientific Services [email protected] Percy FitzPatrick Institute of Herbarium, Wilderness National African Ornithology: Tierberg Park, Sedgefield University of Cape Town: Botany Karoo Research Centre field station Dr Nick Hanekom: Department Dr Sue Milton: [email protected] Prof. John Bolton: [email protected] Ms Francine Rubin: [email protected] [email protected] Prof. William Bond: Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Dr Ian Russell: [email protected] Agricultural Research Council [email protected] Dr Jill Farrant: Dr Roger Ellis: Ms Beate Sachse: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Jeremy Midgley: [email protected] Potchefstroom University Saasveld Herbarium (SAAS): Port Prof. Willie Stock: Dr Matt Buys: Elizabeth Technikon [email protected] [email protected] Mr Mike Cameron: Dr Sarel Cilliers: [email protected] [email protected]

72 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 University of Cape Town: Institute Prof. EF Hennessy: University of Stellenbosch: Botany for Plant Conservation [email protected] Department Dr Dave Richardson: Dr Steven D Johnson: Prof. Frikkie Botha: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms NP Makunga: Dr Charlie Boucher: University of Durban-Westville: [email protected] [email protected] Botany Department Ms Christina Potgieter: Dr Leanne Dreyer: Prof. Snowy Baijnath: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr MT Smith: Dr Karen Esler: Prof. A.D. Barnabas: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Hannes van Staden: Ms Lynn Hoffmann: Prof. G. Naidoo: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Bettie Marais: Dr Ashley Nicholas: University of the North: Botany [email protected] [email protected] Department Prof. Valdon Smith: Mr Pravin Poorun: Mr Martin Potgieter: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Piet Vorster: Dr Francois Smith: Mr Pieter Winter: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] University of Stellenbosch: Bio- University of Natal-Durban: Bio- University of the Free State: chemistry Department logical Sciences Department Department of Botany and Genetics Mr Benny Bytebier: Prof. Alan Amory: Dr Andor Venter: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Patricia Berjak: Prof. Johan Venter: University of Stellenbosch: Botanic [email protected] [email protected] Garden Dr Glen Campbell: Prof. RL Verhoeven: Mr Piet van der Merwe: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. John Cooke: [email protected] University of Port Elizabeth: Botany University of the Transkei: Botany Mr Bruce Page: Department Department [email protected] Dr JB Adams: Prof. R Bhat: Prof. Norman Pammenter: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Guy C Bate: Dr Sizwe Cawe: Mr Herbert Sibiya: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr EE Campbell: RV Nikolova: Mr Dehn von Ahlefeldt: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr DR du Preez: Dr Paula Watt: [email protected] University of North-West: Biologi- [email protected] Mr PT Gama: cal Sciences Department [email protected] Mr David Phalatse: University of Natal-Durban: Elec- [email protected] tron Microscope Unit, George University of Pretoria: Botany Campbell Building Department University of Venda: Botany De- Mr James Wesley-Smith: Prof. George Bredenkamp: partment [email protected] [email protected] Mr Maanda Ligavha: Prof. Albert Eicker: ligavham/[email protected] University of Natal- [email protected] Ms Colleen Todd: Pietermaritzburg: School of Botany Dr Brigitte Hamman: todd_colleen/ & Zoology [email protected] [email protected] Ms Angela Beaumont: Dr Gwen Koning: Mr Robert Tshivhandekano: [email protected] [email protected] robie/[email protected] Dr RP Beckett: Ms Franci Siebert: Prof. Pablo Weisser: [email protected] [email protected] pablo/[email protected] Mr Clinton Carbutt: Dr Veldie van Greuning: [email protected] [email protected] University of the Western Cape: Dr TJ Edwards: Botany Department [email protected] University of Pretoria: Pharmacol- Dr Derek Keats: Ms CW Fennell: ogy Department [email protected] [email protected] Prof. JN Eloff: Dr Richard Knight: Dr JF Finnie: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Lincoln M Raitt: Dr JE Granger: [email protected] [email protected] Mr Frans Weitz: [email protected]

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 73 University of the Witwatersrand: Mr David Chuba: University of Zimbabwe: Institute of Department of Animal, Plant and [email protected] OR Environmental Studies Environmental Sciences [email protected] Prof. Bruce Campbell: Prof. Ed Witkowski: Ms Florence Nyirenda: [email protected] OR [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Patrick Phiri: Prof. Peter Frost: Witwatersrand National Botanical [email protected] OR [email protected] Garden [email protected] Ms Sharon Turner Independent (Curator): Munda Wanga Trust (Botanical Mr Mark Hyde: [email protected] Garden) [email protected] Mr Andrew Hankey: Mr Douglas Gibbs: Mr Michael Kimberley: [email protected] biopark.zamnet.zm [email protected] General WNBG address: Ms Meg Coates Palgrave: [email protected] Independent [email protected] Mr Mike Bingham: Mr Darrel CH Plowes: When sending mail to a staff member at the [email protected] [email protected] Witwatersrand National Botanical Garden, in- Mr Rob M Plowes: sert the name of the person in the subject line [email protected] ZIMBABWE Dr Fay Robertson: NOTE: [email protected] Additional South African botanists’ Bindura University of Science Ms Cathy Sharp: e-mail addresses can be accessed on Education [email protected] the internet at the following address: Mr Alfred Maroyi: Mrs Mary Wilkins/Ellert & Mr Anthon [email protected] FN Ellert: http://www.ru.ac.za/departments/ [email protected] herbarium/SAHWG/address.html Biodiversity Foundation for Africa Mr Jonathan Timberlake: The web page entitled “Southern [email protected] Botanists Working on African Botanists’ addresses” was (work) OR [email protected] Southern African Plant prepared by Peter Phillipson, Rhodes (home) Taxa University and the Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Grahamstown, with National Herbarium (SRGH) & This section lists e-mail addresses of thanks to Nigel Barker and Les Botanic Garden a few of the botanists living outside Powrie. Mr Ezekeil Kwembeya: southern Africa that are working [email protected] with southern African plant taxa. If Mr Claid Mujaju: you would like to be included in this SWAZILAND [email protected] list, please notify one of the editors Ms Nozipo Nobanda together with the names of the National Herbarium (SDNH) (Curator): families/taxa you are working on. Mr Titus Dlamini [email protected] (Curator): Ms Ratidzayi [email protected] (Rattie) Takawira: AUSTRALIA [email protected] This address can be used to contact Titus (also available through SRGH) Queensland Herbarium, Toowong, Dlamini, Gideon Dlamini or Bongani General SRGH address: Queensland Dlamini at the National Herbarium. Insert [email protected] Bryan Simon: the name of the person in the subject line. [email protected] TEAM VUMBA: The Environmental (work) OR Association for Management of [email protected] ZAMBIA Vumba’s Unique Mountain (home) Biodiversity Areas (Tropical grasses) Forestry Herbarium (NDO) Dr Colin Saunders: Paul Forster: Mrs EN Chupa: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (work) OR [email protected] Noah Zimba: University of Zimbabwe: Depart- (home) [email protected] ment of Biological Sciences (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) Dr Shakkie Kativu: Herbarium (UZL): University of [email protected] Zambia Mr I Mapaure: ENGLAND Ms Tasila Banda-Sakala [email protected] (presently studying at the Arizona Dr Clemence Zimudzi: IUCN: World Conservation Union State University, Phoenix, USA): [email protected] Craig Hilton-Taylor: [email protected] OR [email protected] [email protected] OR [email protected]

74 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 National History Museum, London University of Hamburg: Botanical SCOTLAND Brian O’Shea: Institute [email protected] Prof. Dr HEK Hartmann: Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (Bryophytes) [email protected] Dr Mary Gibby: (Aizoaceae, Mesembryanthema) [email protected] Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Dr Pia Parolin: (Geraniaceae) Diane Bridson: [email protected] [email protected] (desert ecology, ecophysiology) (Rubiaceae, Vahliaceae) Dr Joachim Thiede: SWEDEN Dr Dick Brummitt: [email protected] [email protected] (Aizoaceae, Crassulaceae) Swedish Museum of Natural Dr Thomas Cope: History [email protected] Dr Mari Kallersjo: (Poaceae) NETHERLANDS [email protected] Dr Phillip Cribb: (Asteraceae, Myrsinaceae, [email protected] Department of Plant Sciences, Primulaceae) (Orchidaceae) Wageningen University Prof. Bertil Nordenstam: Dr David Goyder: Ir Ben Groen: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (Compositae, especially (Asclepiadaceae, Fabaceae) (Asphodelaceae, Senecioneae and Calenduleae, Ms Yvette Harvey: Mesembryanthemaceae) Syncarpha, Colchicaceae: [email protected] Prof. Dr LJG van der Maesen: Anticharis) (Capparaceae, Lamiaceae, [email protected] Sapotaceae) (Fabaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae) Uppsala University Dr Michael Lock: Dr Ir Jan Wieringa: Prof. Kåre Bremer: [email protected] Herbarium Vadense [email protected] (Fabaceae, Xyridaceae, (WAG) (Asteraceae) Zingiberaceae) [email protected] Mr Mattias Iwarsson: Dr Alan Paton: (Fabaceae, Aphanocalyx, Bikinia, [email protected] [email protected] Icuria, Monopetalanthus and (Lamiaceae, Leonotis) (Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae) Tetraberlinia) Dr Sylvia Phillips: [email protected] SWITZERLAND (Eriocaulaceae, Poaceae) NEW ZEALAND Dr Gerald Pope: Institute for Systematic Botany, [email protected] Victoria University, Wellington University of Zürich (Asteraceae) Mr Fanie Venter: Prof. Christopher Cook: Dr Brian Schrire: [email protected] [email protected] OR [email protected] [email protected] (Fabaceae, Rhamnaceae) (Hydrocharitaceae, Dr Kaj Vollesen: NORWAY Limnocharitaceae, Lythraceae, [email protected] Podostemaceae, Pontederiaceae) (Acanthaceae: Agricultural University of Norway: Juerg Schoenenberger: Blepharis, Duosperma) Department of Biology and Nature [email protected] Conservation (Penaeceae, Oliniaceae, Prof. Kåre Lye: Rhynchocalycaceae) GERMANY [email protected] (Cyperaceae) Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena USA Dr Norbert Zimmermann: Botanical Garden, University of [email protected] Oslo, Blindern Bishop Museum (Department of (Euphorbiaceae, Prof. Brita Stedje: Natural Sciences): Hawaii Mesembryanthemaceae) [email protected] Dr George Staples: (Anthericaceae, Asphodelaceae, [email protected] University of Bayreuth Hyacinthaceae) (Convolvulaceae) Prof. Sigrid Liede: [email protected] Botanical Institute, The Norwegian Iowa State University: Department (Asclepiadaceae, Arboretum, University of Bergen, of Botany (Ada Hayden Herbarium) Mesembryanthemaceae) Hjellestad Prof. Robert Wallace: Dr Ulrich Meve: Dr Cornelis Berg: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (Molecular systematics and (Asclepiadaceae) (Moraceae, Ulmaceae) phylogeny of Aizoaceae s.l., Aloaceae/Asphodelaceae, Cactaceae, Didiereaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Portulacaceae)

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 75 University of California: Jepson Herbarium Bruce Baldwin: To Be or Not To Be [email protected] (Asteraceae: a SAAB Member Blepharispermum, Welwitschiella)

University of Missouri-Columbia: What Do I Get Dunn-Palmer Herbarium (UMO) Dr Leszek Vincent: for My Membership Fee? [email protected] (Asteraceae: Senecio, Iridaceae: he SAAB membership fee for or- • Subscribers to SAJB also qualify Aristea) Tdinary members in 2002 amounts for reduced page charges (R100 to R155 per annum. The question of- per page vs R150) when they pub- ten raised by members is: “What do lish in the journal. SAAB members WALES we get for our membership fees?” often argue that, in the past, the price of the journal used to be in- National Botanic Garden of Wales For your highly valued membership cluded in their membership fees. Dr Charles Stirton: fee of less than US$15, you get the However, this is not completely [email protected] following: correct, since SAJB used to be (Fabaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Ro- • Membership of one of the most heavily subsidised by contribu- saceae, Verbenaceae) highly regarded professional sci- tions from central government entific societies in the country. and institutions such as the NBI. Last updated 8 January 2002 SAAB provides a forum for pro- These contributions no longer ex- fessional botanists to interact with ist and had to be replaced by a very their colleagues on a regular ba- reasonable subscription fee. sis and freely exchange ideas and SAAB continues to support the information. publication of the journal and the • SAAB organizes an annual confer- editor-in-chief subsidised the pub- ence, providing an opportunity for lication of SAJB in 2001 with more professionals to report on their than R15 000 from his own funds. research activities and for students SAJB is a recognised international to interact on a national level and journal that is listed in BIOSIS. compete for a number of very Articles published by institutional prestigious awards. Such a confer- members in SAJB qualify for sub- ence can only be held under the sidy from the National Depart- auspices of a recognized society ment of Education. such as SAAB. Registration fees • Forum Botanicum, the official for these conferences are greatly SAAB newsletter, has been incor- reduced for SAAB members. porated with SABONET News and • Reduced subscription fees for the SAAB members receive a free South African Journal of Botany copy three times a year. Botani- (R159.60 vs R342.00). For R155 per cally, SABONET News is an inter- annum as a SAAB member, one esting publication and offers a has the option of subscribing to great deal more than the original the SAJB through NISC for R140 Forum Botanicum. (R159.60 VAT incl.) per annum. Non-SAAB members pay R342 All this is what you get when you per annum (a saving of R27.40 for become a member of the South Afri- SAAB members). In the case of can Association of Botanists, the only student members the annual professional society for southern Af- SAAB subscription is R70 plus rican botanists. R159.60 for SAJB, totalling R229.60.

76 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 Presidential Report SAAB January 2001–December 2001

ouncil consisted of the following New Council Members Finances Cmembers: Prof. J. van Staden (President) After nominations and elections the The Honorary Secretary will deal Prof. F.C. Botha (Outgoing Vice-Presi- following members were re-elected or with this in detail. As President I am dent)* newly elected onto Council: deeply indebted to Dr Cramer for his Prof. G.F. Smith (NBI Nominee) Prof. C.E.J. Botha support and careful planning. A spe- Prof. C.E.J. Botha* Prof. J.J.M. Meyer cial word of thanks to Mrs M Smith Prof. C. Whitehead Prof. D. Mycock who looked after financial matters Dr N. Baker* Dr S. du Plessis during Dr Cramer’s absence on sab- Dr S. du Plessis* Dr J.C. Manning batical leave. Mr C.K. Willis* I welcome these members onto Coun- SAAB Trust Ex Officio Members: Dr M.D. Cramer cil and trust that their contributions (Honorary Treasurer), Miss C.W. will profit the Society. To those mem- Fennell (Honorary Secretary) bers leaving us, I wish to express my Prof. J.U. Grobbelaar undertook to sincere thanks for your input and serv- bring this lingering process to a close. Permanent Secretary: Dr M. Smith ice to SAAB. I enclose his report and thank him for his hard work. As President I ap- Apart from the Council Meeting (14 Regional Branches proved the expenditure required to January 2001, RAU) and Special bring this saga to a satisfactory end. I Council Meeting (17 January 2001, It would appear as if none of the SAAB trust that this will meet with your ap- RAU), Council did not meet in 2001. regional branches are operating at proval. This was in line with earlier decisions present, as we have received no re- at the AGM in Potchefstroom in Janu- ports. Perhaps a sign of a dying disci- The following is the state of affairs re- ary 2000 to save money. pline? garding the SAAB Trust as reported by J.U. Grobbelaar: • After several phone calls and let- ters it was established that the SAAB Membership original Title Deeds got lost, either Figures for 2000 and 2001 at the attorneys in Johannesburg December 2000 December 2001 or between the attorneys and the SAAB secretariat in Stellenbosch. Ordinary members 300 264 (71 in arrears) • An application was made to have (15 for 2 years) copies re-issued of the missing Ti- Affiliate members 38 26 (6 in arrears) tle Deeds. These were received (3 for 2 years) and the costs will eventually be in- cluded when the matter is final- Family members 7 6 (1 in arrears) ised. Institutional members 6 5 (1 in arrears) • I signed all the documents and Deeds of Sale on behalf of SAAB Retired members 25 17 as mandated at the AGM in 1999. Student members 33 62 For this I travelled to Durban (as agreed, SAAB will reimburse me Life members 9 11 for the cost of a return flight ticket). Honorary members 22 23 • SAAB Trust has a Deposit Account with ABSA Bank, Claremont. All TOTAL 440 414 monies have been paid into this ac- count. This account has a credit of * Retiring Council Members R42 115.80 as of 7 December 2001.

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 77 South African Journal of Botany Upon a request from the International Analysis of subscriptions for 2001 Ethnopharmacological Society and Category Number Percentage Prof. J.J.M. Meyer, I agreed that we hold these two conferences together, International Institutions 95 31,66 with the clear understanding that the International Society Members 13 4,33 interests of SAAB must be protected at all times. I believe this will be a very SA Individuals 3 1,00 fruitful exercise for our Society. SA Institutions 40 13,33 January 2004: Durban. I have ap- SA Society Members 143 47,66 proached Prof. Berjak and am still SADC Institutions 3 1,00 awaiting her response.

SADC Society Members 3 1,00 South African Journal of TOTAL 300 100 Botany

The transition of the Journal to our As soon as the Trust is finally dis- generously arranged with Mr Stefan new publishers was very traumatic, solved, the balance minus some Siebert, co-editor of SABONET News, not due to the efforts of NISC, but to expenses will be paid over to that Forum Botanicum be incorporated the non-publication of Volume 66 Is- SAAB. in this very successful publication. I ac- sues 3 and 4 (2000). NISC agreed to • The attorneys EFK Tucker have in cepted this generous offer and I urge incorporate these into Issue 2 of Vol- their trust account some money all members to make use of this facil- ume 67 (2001). This was easier said belonging to the SAAB Trust. ity. SABONET can be contacted at: than done and seriously delayed the Since they have been taken over [email protected] or Marthina publication of Issues 2 and 3. They by another firm of attorneys, ex- Mössmer at [email protected] or were finally posted in November and act details are difficult to come by. [email protected]. I believe that we did everything pos- I will visit them in person when I sible to help our contributors. We have a meeting again in Johannes- Awards were not prepared to compromise the burg to resolve the matter. This new journal in style and format. Is- amount should be about R1 200. Two Silver medals will be awarded this sue 3 is a special issue, a route we • Transfer of the final two weeks is year. Our congratulations to Prof. R.N. hope to follow in future to improve in the process of being registered Pienaar from Wits and Prof. A.E. van the impact factor of our journal. Is- and this should be finalised early Wyk from Pretoria. They are both wor- sue 4 is already in the galley stage. I in the New Year. thy recipients of this prestigious medal. hope that by the end of 2001 we will • Thus the year 2002 will finally see The Bronze medal goes to Dr L.B. Ot- have our printing dates back in line. the end of the SAAB Trust. ter from the School of Animal, Plant, Volume 68 Issue 1 is a special issue and Environmental Sciences, Wits, for on Ethnobotany in South Africa. The —Johan U. Grobbelaar her excellent Ph.D. thesis. I thank the SAJB can also be accessed on the Professor and Head University of Pretoria team under the World Wide Web at www.nisc.co.za. Department of Botany & Genetics chairmanship of Prof. J.J.M. Meyer for The University of the Orange Free adjudicating the four theses submitted Despite the request by the past Presi- State (Wits, Rhodes, Cape Town, Natal dent I find that SAAB members by 7th December 2001 Pietermaritzburg). It was not an easy and large do not support our journal. task. (One late submission from Free There is much lip service paid to the Forum Botanicum State will be resubmitted in 2002). importance of Botany to this region but not much evidence that serious Following the withdrawal of all NBI Future Conferences consideration is given to our journal. financial support it became self-evi- The number of newly submitted pa- dent that SAAB could no longer af- January 2003: Pretoria, Proff. G.F. pers is dwindling, despite the efforts ford its newsletter. Prof. G.F. Smith Smith and J.J.M. Meyer. of a new International Editorial Board. We have an Editorial South African Journal of Botany Board of 24 consisting of 15 local Analysis of the four 2001 issues scientists, and nine international scientists. The current rejection Issue 1 Issue 2 Issue 3 Issue 4 TOTAL rate of papers is 19%. Mini Reviews 1 1 7 1 10 The Editor-in-Chief received R12 Research Papers 8 29 7 15 59 000 from SAAB to offset running cost. This pays half of a part-time Short Communications 3 7 3 1 14 secretary’s salary but not for Book Reviews - 1 - 1 2 postage which is subsidized by the various editors. I thank them Number of pages 77 382 113 175 747

78 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 for their efforts and help. From our Editorial Office all mail is sent by cou- Braam van Wyk—Botanist Extraordinaire rier. and Silver Medallist of the South African

During 2001 we were informed by Association of Botanists NBI that they were withdrawing their R12 000 subsidy to the journal. In the long run this will no doubt be a bless- to diversify his research interests, ing in disguise. NISC is steadily in- under the guidance of Proff. Hannes creasing their subscriptions and we Robbertse and Pieter Kok. His re- hope that SAAB members will up search endeavours in the family their personal subscriptions over Myrtaceae eventually led to a time, particularly now that the teeth- D.Sc.degree from the University of ing problems and massive backlog is Pretoria in 1986. In the same year he out of the way. was promoted to Senior Researcher, a year later to Associate Professor, Finally, I need to thank all Members and in 1989 to full Professor and Cu- of Council, the Secretary, Dr Smith, rator of the H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt and Honorary Treasurer, Dr Cramer, Herbarium of the University. for their continuous input and sup- braham Erasmus (Braam) van port. AWyk was born on 19 February Braam has maintained and devel- 1952 in the small rural town of oped a very broad interest in the sys- Our thanks to Botany at Rhodes for Wolmaransstad in the western part tematics of the southern African flora hosting the 2002 Congress. of the then Transvaal Province (now through his own work and that of his North-West Province) of South Af- postgraduate students. But through —Johannes van Staden rica. His parents lived in the district a process of evolution (devolution?!) SAAB President where he grew up on their maize and his interests have diversified exten- Research Centre for Plant Growth cattle farm. From an early age he was sively to include a broad spectrum of and Development exposed not only to sound farming other botanical subdisciplines and University of Natal, practices, but also to nature and natu- taxa, including wood and bark Pietermaritzburg ral processes. Like a number of other anatomy and particularly the tax- Private Bag X01 people who also ultimately became onomy of the South African, indeed SCOTSVILLE 3209 professional botanists, Braam was much of the global, arborescent flora. [email protected] fascinated by succulents as a child. Today Braam is widely recognised as Even today he can distinctly recall one of the most knowledgeable tree how representatives of Lithops (stone taxonomists of the subcontinent. To plants in the Mesembryanthe- go on a forest ramble with him is an maceae) intrigued him. At school absolute pleasure; for example, he Braam excelled at Biology and it was has the uncanny ability to identify all not surprising that he eventually en- trees (and most other plants for that rolled at the Potchefstroom Univer- matter) in all their developmental sity for Christian Higher Education stages and can link a nondescript (PU for CHE) for a B.Sc. degree. He broad-leaved forest floor seedling to completed this first degree in 1973, its vastly different-looking mature majoring in Botany, Zoology, and form without blinking an eye. But to Physiology and passing all three with suggest that Braam is “good” only in distinction. He completed three more forests, would be doing him a great qualifications at this university, a injustice. He is truly an all-rounder B.Sc. (Hons) in 1974, a Higher Di- when it comes to identifying plants. ploma in Education in 1976, and a His encyclopaedic knowledge of Masters degree in Botany in 1977, the plant characters enables him to quite latter under the guidance of Prof. D.J. readily identify plant material from (Daan) Botha. These degrees were any part of South Africa, at least to also conferred on him with distinc- the genus level, but often to the spe- tion. cies level. Very, very few other tax- onomists can lay claim to this ability. After having completed his M.Sc. degree on aspects of the systematics At heart he is an academic and tutor of the Myrtaceae, he was appointed and has supervised 23 M.Sc. and 13 to the position of Lecturer at the Uni- Ph.D. students at the University of versity of Pretoria in 1977. This was a Pretoria. Outside formal academic bold step that was to shape his fu- circles he also readily and willingly ture career, as he had an opportunity shares his vast botanical knowledge

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 79 and regularly presents courses and and amateur botanical societies and public lectures on a variety of botani- has served many of them in manage- The 2000 cal topics. He has regularly contrib- rial positions. This includes serving uted to the Southern African Botani- SAAB through convening their Spe- cal Diversity Network (SABONET) cial Conservation Committee on Affor- Compton Prize project as a resource person in plant estation, as well as the Nature Conser- identification, taxonomy, and her- vation Committee of its Council. He barium practice. Most recently he has also served on the Council of The Compton Prize for the best pa- assisted 20 delegates with sorting SAAB and its Northern Branch. per that appeared in the South Afri- and identifying material collected on can Journal of Botany (SAJB) during the second major SABONET collect- Braam strongly believes that research a particular year, was instituted by ing expedition, which took place in results not published equate research the editorial committee of the Jour- southern Mozambique at the end of not conducted. In tune with this phi- nal during the mid-1980s. 2001. This area holds a special charm losophy, he has authored or co- for Braam—he has contributed ex- authored about 200 publications, in- A panel of scientists assesses the pa- tensively to our knowledge of the cluding seven books. His publications pers and the outcome is announced Maputaland–Pondoland Region of cover the entire spectrum, from highly at the formal congress dinner of the Endemism and has described several scientific papers to popular field South African Association of Bota- new species and records from this guides, and in this way he has served nists every year. The prize was region. He still visits the area regu- a broad cross-section of people inter- named for Professor R.H. Compton, larly and as is the case in other parts ested in the natural history of south- the second director of the National of the country, his general knowl- ern Africa. Furthermore, his expertise Botanic Gardens of South Africa. edge of the environment and natu- in the botanical field is widely recog- Amongst other things he instituted ral history and his services are al- nised and he has received numerous the Journal of South African Botany, ways in great demand. merit awards from his current em- one of the forerunners of the SAJB. ployer, the University of Pretoria. The 2000 Prize was awarded to Mr One of Braam’s most remarkable Erich van Wyk of the National Bo- qualities is his extraordinary memory Above all, Braam van Wyk is a very tanical Institute and his two co-au- and his ability to recall facts and fig- pleasant person who is always ready thors Dr Sarel Cilliers (Potchef- ures. When questioned on virtually to share his botanical knowledge with stroom University for Christian anything pertaining to the southern anyone who asks. Everyone with Higher Education) and Prof George African flora, he will confidently whom he comes into contact is treated Bredenkamp (University of Pretoria) quote the book (author, title, and year with the same respect, regardless of for the paper: Van Wyk, E., Cilliers, of publication), chapter, page, and whether the person is starting out as a S.S. & Bredenkamp, G.J. 2000. paragraph where one can find more new recruit in botany or whether he Vegetation analysis of wetlands information on a specific topic. or she is an established botanist. In this in the Klerksdorp Municipal way he has made many friends for the Area, North West Province, He was one of the first botanists in rich flora of the country. South Africa. South African Jour- South Africa to draw attention to the nal of Botany 66 (1): 52—62. conservation plight of our rich Braam is married to Elsa (née Maritz) grasslands, a love he developed in whom he met as a student at the PU We all join in congratulate Erich, the North-West Province and later in for CHE. They have two children, Jaco Sarel and George on this achieve- the climatologically milder (18 years old) and Jana (17 years old). ment. May it also encourage our sci- and Afromontane grassland areas. entists to keep sending some of their Prof. Braam van Wyk has unselfishly best work for publication in the Braam has published, often with his served the botanical fraternity of South SAJB. postgraduate students, in a remark- Africa in a variety of capacities and has —Gideon F. Smith able number of botanical subdis- contributed extensively to our knowl- National Botanical Institute ciplines, including (in no particular edge of the flora and botany of south- Private Bag X101 order of importance) anatomy, biog- ern Africa—and will no doubt continue Pretoria 0001 raphy, bibliography, taxonomy, no- to do so. It is a well deserved honour menclature, embryology, phytoge- for him now to have become one of the ography, palynology, reproductive youngest recipients ever of the Silver biology, phytosociology, systematics, Medal of the South African Associa- floristics, ecology … the list goes on tion of Botanists. …! —Gideon F. Smith Braam leads a very active academic Office of the Director: Research & life and regularly acts as external ex- Scientific Services aminer at under- and postgraduate National Botanical Institute levels for 15 universities, both in Private Bag X101 South Africa and abroad. In addition Pretoria 0001 he is a member of 11 professional [email protected]

80 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 …and the Mice at NBI in Pretoria Play Host to Prof. Braam van Wyk While the Cat’s Away

On 14 November 2001, Professor cal.) Indeed, the talk was not strictly Braam van Wyk gave a most fasci- about botany but, rather about words nating talk on the common names of and sounds and names and lan- southern African trees to the staff of guages and the peoples who use the National Botanical Institute in them. The “playing” continued after Pretoria, South Africa. The title of his the talk when Elizabeth presented talk was Many trees: many tongues. Prof. Van Wyk with two chocolate When Elizabeth Retief of the National bars with the word ngiyabonga, Herbarium welcomed those present, which means “thank you”, printed on she reminded everyone that the cat the wrapping and Emsie du Plessis, was away and that “today the mice a member of the Publications Section can play!” (Prof. Gideon Smith, Direc- of the NBI, thanked him with the fol- tor: Research & Scientific Services, lowing words with which she had was in Australia on business botani- “played” the previous day:

Thank You for the Pearls

We are so privileged to have you here, Professor Van Wyk, Expert on the trees and plants of every peak and plain and river and lake. Although you are so busy, you are prepared to spend with us your precious time, Inspiring me to string these words and write this rhyme! In person you have come to our Institute, When, perhaps, you’d much rather have sent a substitute. You revealed to us the clicks and clacks, the names of trees in all our languages, You have removed from our eyes the bandages, Helping us to see the rainbow nation. The many tongues we speak—what a fascination! It is true—many of our clients understand us so much better If they don’t have to decipher every single Latin letter. I wish to thank you once again for the trouble you have taken, for your time, And for casting your pearls before me and all these other swine!

—A. Mouse National Botanical Institute Private Bag X101 Pretoria 0001 Electronic Monographs on Psoralea and Otholobium I am currently preparing electronic monographs on Psoralea and Otholobium (Psoraleeae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) and would like to contact anyone who has photographs (electronic, printed or slides) of these taxa. I wish to include photographs (habi- tats, habit, fruits, flowers, bark) of each species. Please contact [email protected] if you have any photographs you could offer. Postage will be reimbursed. —Charles Stirton

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 81 We thank the following people and organisations for help with preparing this issue of SABONET News:

Andrew Angus Nikaya Govender Meeta Nathoo Clare Archer Johan Grobbelaar Khungeka Njobe Salomao Bandeira David Hardy Estelle Potgieter Mike Bingham Lesley Henderson Nyasha Rukazhanga-Noko George Bredenkamp Johan Hurter Hilderine Schröder Antoinette Burkhardt Ronell Klopper Gideon Smith John Burrows Otto Leistner Mariana Smith Sandie Burrows Phakamani m’Africa Xaba Yolande Steenkamp Chris Dalzell MacImage Sandra Turck Zoleka Dimon Coleen Mannheimer Johannes van Staden Emsie du Plessis Mark Mattson Chris Willis Hugh Glen A. Mouse Pieter Winter Janice Golding Gladys Msekandiana

In the July 2002 edition of SABONET News...

Profiles: David Chuba (Zambia), Moretloa Polaki (Lesotho) Living Collections: Munda Wanga BG (Zambia), Harold Porter NBG (South Africa) Herbaria: Southern African Herbaria: University of Zambia Her- barium (UZL), National Herbarium of Swaziland (SDNH)

82 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 About SABONET

his publication is a product of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), a programme aimed at strengthening Tthe level of botanical expertise, expanding and improving herbarium and botanic garden collections, and fostering closer collaborative links among botanists in the southern African subcontinent. The main objective of SABONET is to develop a strong core of professional botanists, taxonomists, horticulturists and plant diversity specialists within the ten countries of southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe). This core group will be competent to inventory, monitor, evaluate, and conserve the botanical diversity of the region in the face of specific development challenges, and to respond to the technical and scientific needs of the Convention on Biological Diversity. To enhance the human resource capacity and infrastructure available in the region, SABONET offers training courses, workshops and collaborative expeditions in undercollected areas. The programme also produces a series of occasional publications, the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Series.

SABONET is cofunded by: • The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/World Conservation Union— Regional Office for southern Africa (IUCN-ROSA) • The Global Environment Facility (GEF)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

For more information contact one of the following addresses:

General enquiries about SABONET MALAWI SWAZILAND SABONET Coordinator National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens National Herbarium c/o National Botanical Institute of Malawi Malkerns Agricultural Research Station Private Bag X101 P.O. Box 528 P.O. Box 4 Pretoria 0001 Zomba Malkerns South Africa Tel.: (265) 523388/118/145 Tel.: (268) 52 83017 Tel.: (27) 12 804 3200 Fax: (265) 522108 Fax: (268) 52 83360/83490 Fax: (27) 12 804 3211/5979 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] MOZAMBIQUE ZAMBIA ANGOLA LMA Herbarium Herbarium Luanda Herbarium Instituto Nacional de Investigaçáo Department of Biological Sciences Universidade Agostinho Neto Agronómica University of Zambia Caixa Postal 3244 Caixa Postal 3658 P.O. Box 32379 Luanda Mavalane Lusaka Tel.: (244) 2 320486 Maputo Tel.: (260) 1 293653 Fax: (244) 2 335225 Tel.: (258) 1 460097 Fax: (260) 1 253952 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (258) 1 460074 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] BOTSWANA ZIMBABWE University of Botswana Herbarium NAMIBIA National Herbarium and Botanic Garden Department of Biological Sciences National Herbarium P.O. Box CY550 Faculty of Science National Botanical Research Institute Causeway Private Bag 0022 Private Bag 13184 Harare Gaborone Windhoek Tel.: (263) 4 708938 Tel.: (267) 3552587 Tel.: (264) 61 2022020 Fax: (263) 4 728317 or 708938 Fax: (267) 585097 Fax: (264) 61 258153 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

LESOTHO SOUTH AFRICA National Environment Secretariat National Herbarium Development House National Botanical Institute Private Bag A23 Private Bag X101 Maseru 100 Pretoria 0001 Tel.: (266) 311 767 Tel.: (27) 12 804 3200 Fax: (266) 310 506 Fax: (27) 12 804 3211 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002 83 84 SABONET News Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2002