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Monthly Length Class Frequencies of Microcotyle Spinicirrus (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) from the Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus Grunniens, in West Virginia

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Monthly Length Class Frequencies of Microcotyle Spinicirrus (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) from the Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus Grunniens, in West Virginia Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 55(2), 1988, pp. 246-251 Monthly Length Class Frequencies of Microcotyle spinicirrus (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) from the Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, in West Virginia JAMES E. JOY Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25701 ABSTRACT: The gills of 173 freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque, taken from 2 locations on the Kanawha River, West Virginia, were examined for Microcotyle spinicirrus MacCallum. A prevalence of 81.0% was recorded for hosts at Winfield, and 75.4% at Marmet. Intensity of infection, expressed as mean number of M. spinicirrus individuals per infected host, for drum at these 2 locations was 8.5 and 8.7, respectively. Larger hosts carried significantly more M. spinicirrus individuals than smaller ones. Large (>5.0 mm) M. spinicirrus individuals dominated the May sample, whereas smaller length classes of this monogenean were dominant from June through October of 1986. KEY WORDS: Microcotyle spinicirrus, population dynamics of monogeneans, Aplodinotus grunniens, gill par- asites. Microcotyle spinicirrus MacCallum has been were handled and examined as previously described. reported on freshwater drum from New York Some worms were recovered from the bottom of col- (MacCallum, 1918), Mississippi (Simer, 1929), lection jars, but most had to be removed from the gill filaments with jewelers forceps. Recovered specimens Lake Erie (Bangham and Hunter, 1936), Ten- were stored in 10% buffered formalin acetate. All worms nessee (Bangham and Venard, 1942), and Iowa were counted and measured while in formalin under a (Linton, 1940; Remley, 1942). This paper con- stereomicroscope equipped with a calibrated ocular stitutes the first report of this monogenean species micrometer. After measuring, M. spinicirrus specimens were assigned to 1 of 4 length classes: Si 1.0 mm (I); from West Virginia. > 1.0-3.0 mm (II); >3.0-5.0 mm (III); or >5.0 mm The goal of this study was to determine relative (IV) (Fig. 4). Admittedly, length classes were selected monthly abundance of different M. spinicirrus as much for convenience as for any particular standard length classes present from May through Octo- procedure although the smallest class corresponds to the "first attachment form" described by Remley (1942, ber. Information on prevalence rates, intensity Figs. 11, 13, p. 148), whereas Class II was roughly of infection, and the relationship between num- equivalent to his "second and third attachment forms." bers of M. spinicirrus individuals to host length Statistical analyses follow the procedures outlined was also sought. by Clayton (1984). Correlation between variables was determined by the Pearson product-moment correla- Materials and Methods tion. Critical values for r, at P < 0.05 for a 1-tailed test, were extrapolated from Clayton's Table C (1984, From May through October 1986 the West Virginia p. 355). Department of Natural Resources conducted a creel survey (fish census) at 2 sites on the Kanawha River— Results Winfield Locks and Dam (KRW) at mile point 31.1, and Marmet Locks and Dam (KRM) at mile point A total of 173 freshwater drum— 116 and 57 67.7. Public fishing access areas have been constructed from Winfield and Marmet, respectively—were on the downstream side of each dam by the American captured from the Kanawha River from May Electric Power Co. as a public service. With the exception of the October sample at KRW, through October 1986. Prevalence was 81.0% live drum, Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque, were ob- (94 of 116) at KRW, and 75.4% (43 of 57) at tained from anglers fishing from the access areas, then KRM (Fig. 1 A, B). Overall intensity of infection, placed on ice. Each fish was measured for total length expressed as mean number of M. spinicirrus in- within 2 hr of capture. After measuring, all gill material dividuals per infected host, was nearly the same was removed from each fish at the field site and placed in separate, appropriately labeled jars (i.e., 1 set of gills at both river locations (8.52 at KRW; 8.74 at per jar) with a solution of 1 part 10% buffered formalin KRM). Variation from both combined means acetate and 1 part distilled water. This relatively simple was considerable (Fig. 1A, B), but no particular field procedure resulted in minimal distortion to month contributed unduly to this overall vari- monogenean specimens (Fig. 4). Drum representing the KRW October collection were obtained from a ation (i.e., wide variation from mean intensity rotenone application to the small lock chamber. In all was a consistent monthly phenomenon). Larger other respects, KRW October fish and gill material drum at both study sites carried significantly more 246 Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 247 M. spinicirrus individuals than their smaller Fig. 1 A 19, 94 counterparts (Fig. 2A, B). '23 Large (Class IV) M. spinicirrus individuals were 23, dominant in May, but made up a relatively small 40-i '25 percentage of the population for the remainder 19 of the study period (Fig. 3 A, B). Length Class II clearly dominated the June sample but shared 30- dominance with Class III individuals for the re- mainder of the study period. 16, '20 13, '23 Discussion 20- There are few detailed studies with which to compare present findings of Microcotyle spini- O 3 6 cirrus infections on Aplodinotus grunniens. TJ 10 MacCallum's original description of this mono- genean in 1918 was based upon specimens from a single "large" heavily infected drum from the New York Aquarium and not from material col- lected as part of a comprehensive survey. Simer (1929) noted briefly that M. spinicurrus was re- covered from over half of 41 drum examined, but he did not include intensity data. Bangham 20 and Hunter (1936) reported that in a sample of 81 n 45 drum taken from Lake Erie, ". five were found carrying a total of 9 trematodes of the 68 genus Microcotyle. ."These authors described a new species, M. eriensis, as well as provided a 40- redescription of M. spinicirrus. Unfortunately, there was no indication of the number of indi- viduals belonging to each species, or which of 0) -8 30 the 5 infected fish harbored them. Still, it is a minor point because even the combined preva- lence (5 of 45) and mean intensity (1.8) could be considered low. Linton (1940) examined a small 20 number of M spinicirrus specimens sent to him by Dr. Coker from Iowa but included no infor- mation pertaining to prevalence or intensity of infection. Bangham and Venard (1942) re- 10 covered 4-26 M. spinicirrus individuals from 4 (of 13 examined) drum, whereas Remley (1942) noted only that several hundred M. spinicirrus individuals were recovered from approximately M J A S C 130 drum. French investigators have provided preva- 1986 U lence and intensity data on marine species of U Microcotyle (Euzet and Marc, 1963; Noisy and Figure 1. Intensity of M, spinicirrus infections in Maillard, 1980; Oliver, 1984). Although extrap- freshwater drum from the Winfield Dam (A), and Mar- olating their data to the present study may be met Dam (B), Kanawha River, West Virginia. Hori- questionable because of host and habitat differ- zontal lines = means; vertical lines = ranges. Vertical ences, some generalizations seem appropriate. open bars = standard deviations; vertical stippled bars = Oliver (1984) found that prevalence rates of M. 2 standard errors from the mean. C = combined data. Prevalence shown as fraction above range line with chrysophrii on Spams aurata in several coastal denominator representing host sample size, and nu- ponds were highly variable (1.3-62.0%) depend- merator the number of infected hosts in that sample. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 81 -i in Fig. 2 68- = .234 A z rKRW = .615 O 40- rKRM M a 30- . Ml 20- CO 10- S 200 250 300 350 400 457 584 HOST LENGTH (mm) 81 -, ^- ^ i Fig. 2 ^X^, i 0 681 X • z ' rKRW=-323 B S**^/^ .^ ^^ O 40- rKRM =-282 y^-* ^^"^ (A f • .^^^ D i- i_ / ^^ 30- I * .^^ *£ ^*/^ • X '5 • Ml • • • • 20- • # X • • s • • * *x C£ x • ~_-6fc"Li. in • •• ^^— •—••""r CQ 10- • ",.x .x ***x. *""9*^5£i^ •x*x : .^BWLl • » ^^^ D y^B}5L— — xx x.j ••. ~*\* Z x • • • •»• Sic •* £K&HC« xx ** x * • III* I *l I 1 150 200 250 300 350 400 457 584 HOST LENGTH (mm) Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 55, NUMBER 2, JULY 1988 249 Figure 3. Percent frequency distributions of body lengths (length classes I-IV) of M. spinicirrus individuals from freshwater drum at Winfield Dam (A) and Marmet Dam (B) on the Kanawha River, West Virginia by month of collection. TV = number of M. spinicirrus individuals recovered. See Figure 1 for monthly host sample sizes and prevalence of infection. Microcotyle spinicirrus length classes: I, 1.0 mm or less; II, > 1.0-3.0 mm; III, > 3.0-5.0 mm; and IV, >5.0 mm. ing upon geographical location and year of sam- somewhat higher prevalence of 85.1% (103 of pling. Intensity of infections similarly were var- 121) and mean intensity (10.9) was reported by ied with means generally lower than recorded for Noisy and Maillard (1980) for the same micro- the present study. Even though the present study cotylid/host association studied by Oliver, in- was confined to the same year there was little dicating that the infection dynamics of marine difference in prevalence and intensity for drum microcotylids can be comparable to freshwater sampled from the 2 Kanawha River collection forms. sites separated by a distance of nearly 37 mi. A References to correlations between number of Figure 2A, B.
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