@ MedicineAdvancing Biomedical Science, Education and Health Care YaVolume 1, Issue 3 Octoberle/November 2005 Of moths and mice: jumping genes make big leap to mammals each gene in health ing purpose to thousands of unex- as these mobile fragments were Cut-and-paste is and disease. plored human genes. The tool is a used to decipher the role of nearly a powerful research tool, A new tool for jumping gene, a small piece of every gene in that model organism. may advance gene therapy genome research, called a transposon that moves But for decades scientists could not developed by Tian around the genome with a preference find an equivalent transposon for The Human Genome Project Xu, .., professor for settling in other genes and sup- mammals. succeeded at the monumental task of and vice chair of pressing their activity, which allows As reported in the August assembling a complete parts list for Tian Xu genetics and Howard scientists to discern their function. issue of the journal Cell,Xu and the human body by decoding the Hughes Medical Institute investigator, Transposons are active players in researchers in Shanghai, at Duke sequence of each and every with colleagues at Fudan University many plant and insect genomes, and University and at the University of human gene. But an even harder job in Shanghai, China, promises to they helped to make the fruit fly Colorado tweaked a transposon remains: determining the function of greatly accelerate the work of assign- Drosophila the darling of geneticists, Genes, page 7
Program aims to A major boost close the gender gap for recruiting in medical research top doctors Until the National Institutes of Health (), America’s largest Greenwich philanthropist funder of biomedical research, required scientists to include women calls $ million gift in their studies in , it was gener- a “strategic investment” ally assumed that data gained from clinical research on men would apply James M. Allwin, president of to women. Aetos Capital, , an investment Women’s Health Research at Yale management firm based in New (), a multidisciplinary program York, has donated $ million to directed by Carolyn James Allwin (right), at Sterling Hall of Medicine with Dean Robert Alpern, has given the School of Medicine to attract Alpern new leverage with a $10 million gift. M. Mazure, .., is more of the world’s best clinicians proving that assump- and clinical researchers to Yale. lent doctors,”Alpern says, “but in time when all academic health care tion false. The pro- Allwin, a resident of Green- many cases we don’t have a suffi- centers are under enormous finan- gram, which aims to wich, Conn., who serves on the cient number of them to provide cial pressure,” he says, “James close the gender gap board of the Yale New Haven the best service to our local and Allwin’s generosity, specifically des- Carolyn Mazure in biomedical re- Health System and on the advisory more national constituency.There ignated for clinical excellence, will search, got its start board of the Howard Hughes are also a number of areas in which allow us to continue to build our in with a $. million, five-year Medical Institute, says that his gift we would like to expand our clini- practice in breadth, depth and grant from the Patrick and Catherine mirrors the philosophy he employs cal expertise.” quality.” Weldon Donaghue Medical Research in his business: “It’s my hope that Alpern believes that the As an old hand at investing, Foundation (see related story, p. ). by investing in world-class practi- medical school and its primary Allwin has a well-honed apprecia- The initial grant and subsequent tioners, both the medical school teaching affiliate, Yale-New Haven tion of the power of compounding, funding provide a source for competi- and hospital can achieve their Hospital, both stand to gain by the and he hopes that over the coming tive support of pilot studies focusing strategic objectives.” new gift. “It will allow us to bring years the benefits of his gift for on health issues unique to or more The development of the outstanding clinicians and clinical both the hospital and medical common in women, and on sex dif- school’s clinical mission—the researchers to the faculty who will school will grow exponentially. ferences in health and disease. patient care provided by medical advance the clinical practice at Yale “World-class practitioners attract Women’s health is often equated school faculty—has been a top pri- School of Medicine while also colleagues and counterparts, and with reproductive health. But Mazure, ority for Dean and Ensign advancing the hospital.” could have an impact on both insti- professor of psychiatry and associate Professor of Medicine Robert J. For David J. Leffell, .., tutions,” he says. “The strategic dean for faculty affairs, says that while Alpern, .., since he began his deputy dean for clinical affairs, the leverage that comes from a gift like reproductive health is an important work at the School of Medicine in Allwin gift is a godsend for build- this is many times the value of the focus of women’s health, any illness .“The faculty at Yale are excel- ing Yale’s medical services. “At a gift itself.” Women, page 3
Non-Profit Org. Inside this issue Medicine@Yale U. S. Postage Lifelines New beginnings P.O. Box PAID Gail D’Onofrio on saving and A new liver transplant program, New Haven, CT New Haven, CT changing lives, p. 2 and new life for its patients, p. 5 www.medicineatyale.org Permit No. The art of the practical Sentinels of sickness For Connecticut’s Donaghue Tracking animals’ health to foresee Foundation, results rule, p. 3 human diseases, p. 5 Getting in gear Also Connecticut Challenge sprints toward Advances, pp. 3, 5; Out & About, p. 4; goal for cancer survivors, p. 4 Grants, p. 7; Awards & Honors, p. 8
Want to find out more about medicine at Yale? E-mail us at [email protected] or phone (203) 785-5824. Students come north and aid flows south as Yale lends a hand in wake of Katrina
Faculty and staff from all three arms of the School of Medicine— clinical, educational and scientific— quickly mobilized to lend a helping hand to victims of Hurricane Katrina, the worst natural disaster in U.S. history. The medical school joined an effort led by the Association of American Medical Colleges (), Gail D’Onofrio, seen the American Hospital Association here in the Emergency Department at Yale- and numerous other organizations to New Haven Hospital, coordinate the care of storm victims, thrives on the fast pace who were transported by the U.S. of emergency medicine but finds equal satisfac- Department of Defense from the Gulf tion in prevention. region to the Clinical Center in Bethesda and medical centers around the country. Medicine at the speed of life With the aid of the , two displaced students from Tulane efforts are devoted as much to and D’Onofrio does not disagree. New emergency chief aims University School of Medicine com- changing lives as saving them. She thinks of her department as “a to shorten patients’ stays— As medical director of New canary in a coal mine” that lays bare pleted third- and fourth-year clinical and stop visits altogether Haven’s Women’s Heart Advantage every deficiency of the larger health- rotations at Yale, and three others program, D’Onofrio teaches patients care system, particularly unequal were accepted at the Yale School of When Gail D’Onofrio, m.d., and clinicians about the risks of car- access to care, which places particu- Public Health. finally makes it home after a 10- diovascular disease in women. lar stress on her EDs. But she be- Several researchers and postdoc- hour shift, her three children always Because half of the major lieves that emergency physicians toral fellows from affected institu- ask the same question:“Did you trauma injuries seen by ED physi- can take positive steps to improve tions have relocated their labs at Yale save anyone’s life today?” cians are related to drugs or alcohol, their own departments. as visiting fellows. The deep satisfaction of helping she also heads Project assert, a “We need better ways to be The faculty and staff of the patients through medical crises— program in which peer counselors efficient,” D’Onofrio says, citing as School of Medicine responded ener- and sometimes conduct brief interviews of emer- an example a new center within her getically to a matching-gift payroll saving lives Lifelines gency patients to determine department where patients who —first drew her whether they abuse alcohol or drugs have chest pain can get stress tests deduction program established by the to emergency Gail and to suggest options for treat- and blood work done very rapidly— officers, deans and fellows of the Yale medicine, says D’Onofrio ment if necessary. While similar pro- evaluating such patients may now Corporation, who collectively pledged D’Onofrio, who grams elsewhere target injured take from nine to 20 hours, as to match all relief contributions up to was recently appointed as both chief patients, such as those involved in opposed to several days if they were $, made by Yale faculty, staff and of adult emergency services for Yale- car crashes or falls,Yale screens all admitted to the hospital. She students. At press time, university- New Haven Hospital and chief of the patients well enough to be inter- believes that using similar wide donations for assistance to the section of emergency medicine at viewed, even those with minor ill- evidence-based protocols for other Gulf States, including matching gifts the School of Medicine. nesses such as sore throats. common ED complaints will reduce from the Corporation, totaled Her two jobs carry a long list of Like any other unmanaged unnecessary admissions and move $,. duties. In addition to managing the chronic illness, addiction will likely patients through her department Emergency Department (ED) at land patients in the ED again and more quickly. ynhh and at the Yale-New Haven again. But thanks to partnerships Increasingly, D’Onofrio is Medicine@Yale Shoreline Medical Center in Guilford, that assert has formed with com- putting her energy into planning Peter Farley, Managing Editor Conn., D’Onofrio is an associate pro- munity agencies, D’Onofrio can and adjusting systems to ease the Contributors:Susan Cohn, John Curtis, Janet fessor in the medical school’s point to former repeat patients overcrowding that plagues ED Emanuel, Michael Fitzsousa, Renee Gaudette, Jane Department of Surgery, conducting who no longer show up in the ED patients and clinicians alike nation- Hadjimichael, Jill Max, Pat McCaffrey, Patricia research, teaching medical students because they are succeeding in ally. But she remains passionate Pedersen, Crystal Neuhauser, Christopher Pates, Karen and training emergency physicians substance-abuse treatment. about the fast-paced environment Peart, Colleen Shaddox, Zsuzsanna Somogyi, Jacqueline Weaver, Tommy Williams in residency. According to the American that first attracted her to emergency Photographs and Illustrations: John Curtis, Terry But D’Onofrio says she would College of Emergency Physicians, 70 medicine, a realm where bringing all Dagradi, Jerry Domian, The Patrick and Catherine gain the deepest satisfaction if more percent of Americans believe emer- one’s clinical knowledge and skill to Weldon Donaghue Foundation, Hannah Fairfield, people were able to avoid visits to gency departments are approaching bear in an instant can—as her chil- Audrey Falcone/Arista Marketing Associates, Arnold Gold/©New Haven Register, Heidi Hardman/Cell Press, the ED altogether; to that end, her a crisis because of overcrowding, dren remind her—save a life. Balazs Horvath, Robert Lisak, Michael Marsland, Crystal Neuhauser, Marc Pypaert, Elaine Ubina, Tian Xu Design: Tom Strong,Amanda Damour/Strong Cohen Diabetes expert is named dean of nursing Medicine@Yale is published six times each year by Yale Medicine Publications, P.O. Box , Margaret Grey, ..., .., prevent type dia- raising and expanding professorships New Haven, CT -. Editorial offices are located at Church Street South, Suite , the Annie Goodrich Professor of betes in high-risk and programs, said Yale President New Haven. Telephone: .. Fax: .. Nursing and associate dean for schol- youth. Richard C. Levin, who announced her E-mail: [email protected] arly affairs at the Yale School of Grey has received appointment. Website: medicineatyale.org Nursing (), has been named dean numerous awards, “Margaret Grey has been a leader If you have a change of address or do not wish of the -year-old institution, one of and she is also a dis- in strengthening the nursing school to receive future issues of Medicine@Yale, please write to us at Yale’s professional schools. tinguished fellow of over the last years,” Levin said. “She P.O. Box , New Haven, CT - Margaret Grey A pediatric nurse, Grey is author the National has had an outstanding record of or via e-mail at [email protected]. of over publications and is inter- Association of Pediatric Nurse attracting research grants and acting Postal permit held by Yale University, nationally known for her research on Associates and Nurse Practitioners. as a mentor for young faculty. With 155 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT how children adapt to chronic illness, She is a member of the board of her history here, and as a graduate of Yale School of Medicine especially diabetes mellitus. As princi- directors of the American Diabetes the school, she had all the important Robert J.Alpern, .., Dean Ensign Professor of Medicine pal investigator for grants totaling Association, where she has been qualities we were looking for.” Martha E. Schall over $ million, Grey has developed instrumental in developing standards Yale is ranked sixth among Associate Vice President for Development ways to manage diabetes and improve of care for youth with diabetes. nursing schools receiving funding and Director of Medical Development Mary Hu the quality of life for young diabetes As dean, Grey will address the from the National Institutes of Director of Planning and Communications patients and their parents and to school’s most pressing needs—fund- Health. Michael Fitzsousa, Director of Publications
www.medicineatyale.org Advances Yale and Donaghue partnership treats Health and science news from Yale research advances as a practical matter Like pathbreaking creator, Her father, Patrick, was an Irish turned down, but an inspired, immigrant who built a fortune, only outside-the-box request might gain foundation ventures into to have his life cut short by heart support from the foundation. uncharted research territory disease. Her mother, Catherine Such projects can be harder to Weldon Donaghue, died of evaluate than conventional bench When the trustees and staff of cancer in their grand science, but the foundation’s the West Hartford, Conn.-based Hartford house. impact on day-to-day health care When it comes to Patrick and Catherine Weldon The foundation, is magnified by supporting them, taste, the nose knows Donaghue Medical Research with over $ million says Sheilah B.Rostow, the repre- Foundation meet to make final deci- in assets, has distrib- sentative of the foundation’s insti- Anyone whose enjoyment of sions on the grant proposals they uted nearly $ million tutional trustee, Bank of America, food has been blunted by a bad receive, they use a variety of criteria, in grants since its who points with pride to a cold knows that a good part of but one—known at Donaghue as the inception, including newly launched $ million taste involves the sense of smell. “but for” test—best captures the $. million in . patient safety initiative as an Our taste buds distinguish five ele- foundation’s unique philanthropic When asked about example. mental sensations—sweet, sour, vision. the foundation’s The School of salty, savory and bitter—but food’s flavor arises from pleasant odors “But for the availability of support for the Medicine has also that enter our nasal passages Donaghue Foundation support,” the School of Medicine, received grants under through the back of the mouth. foundation’s guidelines read, “what Raymond S. Andrews the foundation’s In new research published in will become of the proposal?” Jr., one of the foun- Research in Clinical the August 18 issue of Neuron, For the more than faculty dation’s two trustees, and Community Dana Small, ph.d., assistant pro- members and fellows at the School of offers a straightforward Health Issues and fessor of surgery, and colleagues at Medicine who have received over $ reply: “It’s what Ethel Donaghue Investigator Yale, the John B.Pierce Laboratory million in grants and fellowships Donaghue would have done.” programs. The latter is unique and the University of Dresden Ethel Donaghue from the foundation since its found- The wishes of “Miss (1896–1989) in its flexibility, allowing investi- Medical School in Germany ing in —often for unconventional Donaghue” are invoked fre- gators to pursue the most prom- inserted tubes that pumped odors, but promising clinical research not quently, respectfully and affection- ising avenues for arriving at a practi- such as chocolate and lavender, into study subjects’ noses, either to well supported by other funding ately by Andrews, but Donaghue’s cal outcome. the front of the nostrils (yellow sources—the answer is obvious: But aims have been realized at Yale over “The Donaghue Foundation is a arrow above) or “retronasally,” to a for the Donaghue Foundation’s long- the years in ways that she perhaps unique resource for Connecticut. Its region at the back of the nasal standing and generous relationship could not have imagined. For focus on improving the quality of life cavity (blue arrow). with Yale, entire lines of ground- example, the foundation has funded is similar to our own,” says Robert J. Using functional magnetic breaking research with real-world studies of delirium in the elderly as Alpern, .., dean of the medical resonance imaging, the team impact on the delivery of health care well as predictors of metastatic breast school. “We are honored to have such found that a single odor could acti- would never have been undertaken. cancer, and it provided the seed a long-standing relationship, and we vate different brain regions Ethel Donaghue, one of money for the Donaghue Women’s are inspired by the foundation’s depending on which nasal route it Connecticut’s first female lawyers, Health Investigator Program at Yale support of such a broad range of traveled. Odors presented retro- chose her language carefully, stating (see related story, page ). projects, which has had an impact on nasally activated brain areas devoted to the mouth, which Small in her will that the foundation’s Yale has also been the recipient of many aspects of our mission.” says is “evidence of the existence mission would be to support research several major grants under the foun- Andrews sees the foundation’s of distinct olfactory subsystems,” “of practical benefit to the preserva- dation’s aptly named Practical Benefit relationship to Yale as a mutual one, one specialized for sensing objects tion, maintenance and improvement Initiative (). The projects are in that academic medical centers like at a distance, the other for sensing of human life.”The trust she “the ones with the most risk,” says Yale are critical to the foundation’s objects in the mouth. bequeathed to endow the foundation, Executive Director Lynne Garner, own mission. Thanks to the founda- more than $ million, was intended .., as they tend to be large-scale tion’s support, he says with a smile, A stubborn inequity not to advance knowledge for its own initiatives that venture into new “they are talking about ‘practical sake, but to prevent the kind of suf- research realms. As with all proposals, benefit’ at Yale today.” in heart treatments fering she had witnessed in her own she says, if a project could be easily Miss Donaghue would be Illness is a great leveler, but parents, the organization’s namesakes. funded elsewhere it will probably be pleased. social and economic factors have profound effects on health, in Women continued from page 1 terms of both vulnerability to disease and the treatments that afflicts women falls under the tions to further their work. Mazure, K. Staley-Gottschalk, .., needed a patients receive. purview of . an expert on stress, depression and statistician for a neuroimaging study After a series of studies in the Researchers funded by are tobacco and drug addiction in comparing smokers and non- 1980s and early 1990s showed that generating new data on women’s women, collaborates with many smokers, agreed to help if black and female patients were not treated as aggressively as white health in studies on a wide range of scholars under the umbrella. Staley-Gottschalk looked for sex dif- males after heart attacks, public topics, including breast cancer, osteo- When the Donaghue Foundation ferences in her results. health initiatives were launched to porosis and hormone therapy, and made its award, it came with a Though she expected to find no redress the problem. they are finding significant gender stipulation that must strive to such differences, Staley-Gottschalk But in the August 18 issue of differences in diverse areas of study, make practical contributions to agreed, and she was surprised to find The New England Journal of including epilepsy, addiction and women’s health. Mazure says that higher numbers of the brain trans- Medicine, researchers at Yale and heart disease. increases its impact through porters that regulate serotonin and Emory reported that black patients, “We are broadening the scope of public education, offering an inform- dopamine in women than in men. especially black women, are still women’s health,”Mazure says, adding ative website (www.yalewhr.org) and This unexpected result set Staley- less likely than white patients to that identifying gender differences in producing publications on topics Gottschalk on a course of research, receive standard tests or therapies health and disease has “benefits for such as bone health and how to inter- now supported by the , to under- after heart attacks. “We found persistence of an men as well as for women.” pret research findings reported in the stand sex differences in brain chem- elevated risk of death among The strategy of funding media. Faculty who are associated istry in male and female smokers. She African-American women,” says pilot studies allows scientists to with the program frequently speak on hopes that her research will help to senior author Harlan M. Krumholz, obtain preliminary data so that they women’s health topics at large work- explain why the nicotine replacement m.d., professor of medicine and can approach agencies like the shops, and at smaller gatherings on therapies used by smokers do not public health and director of the for grants to support larger investiga- request. work as well for women as they do Robert Wood Johnson Clinical tions. Women’s health investigators Mazure says that has for men. Scholars Program. “This finding, have received a total of $. million in made a real difference in the careers The influence of has had along with evidence of differences grants from and have gone on of the faculty it has supported, some- “a huge impact on me,” says Staley- in treatment, requires attention to garner an additional $. million times in unexpected ways. When Gottschalk. “It has opened my eyes to and remedy.” from the and other organiza- assistant professor of psychiatry Julie a new view of science.”
Medicine@Yale October/November 2005 Benefit bike ride raises $, for Out & about Yale survivors’ clinic
Champion bicyclist Lance Armstrong, whose yellow bracelet has become a cultural icon, may be Earth’s most famous cancer survivor. Along with millions of others, Jeff Keith, 1 1 survivor of a child- hood bout with the disease that claimed Jeff Keith much of his right leg, credits Armstrong with “elevating survivorship” and raising public awareness of survivors’ special needs. So it seems fitting that Keith, of 2 3 Fairfield, Conn., and others climbed onto the saddles of their 2 3 July : A celebration at bikes on a Sunday morning in August the medical school’s to start the first Connecticut May : Members Child Study Center Challenge (see Out & About, right), of the Mashan- marked the christening an annual event Keith has launched tucket Pequot of with friend John Ragland Jr. to raise Tribal Nation funds for a cancer survivorship clinic gathered at the 4 at the Yale Cancer Center (). Yale Child Health , With chemotherapy, radiother- Research Center 4 formerly the Bush Center, in honor of Edward F.Zigler, apy and surgery, more people beat () for the .., the center’s founder and Sterling Professor cancer than ever before, but long- unveiling of a plaque marking the establishment of Emeritus of Psychology at Yale. Zigler, a leading term physical and psychological con- in researcher of programs and policies for children and sequences of the disease, such as heart memory of a tribal member who died from a primary families, was instrumental in the planning and imple- problems, decreased fertility and immune deficiency in at age .The fund supports mentation of the Head Start program, the Family and cancer recurrence, are often over- both basic and clinical research by the Section of Medical Leave Act, and the Schools of the st Century looked. Pediatric Immunology. 1. From left: Danielle Bachinski, initiative. 1. Timothy P. Shriver, .., chair of Special “Survivorship is almost a ‘black Honey Carter, Roxanne Young-Perry, Keri Spears, mother Olympics (left), meets Edmund W. Gordon, .., John box,’” Keith says. “Not enough atten- of Timber Spears, and Lake Spears Jr., brother of M. Musser Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Yale. tion has been focused on it, but it’s as Timber Spears. 2. Tribal Council Chairman Michael 2. From left: U.S. Sen. Christopher J. Dodd (D-CT), U.S. important as basic care and research Thomas (left) with Ensign Professor of Medicine and Rep. Rosa L. DeLauro (D-CT), former Bush Center because there are million survivors Dean Robert J. Alpern, .., after the unveiling. 3. Keri Senior Fellow and U.S. Rep. John B. Larson (D-CT). walking around in the United States.” Spears tours the research area. 4. From left: Professor of 3. John DeStefano Jr., mayor of New Haven. 4.Zigler Survivorship is a “silent need,” Pediatrics and Director Scott A. Rivkees, .., (left) and Walter S. Gilliam, .., assistant professor in agrees Nina Kadan-Lottick, .., speaks with Joey Carter and Crystal Whipple. the Child Study Center and director of the newly medical director of Yale’s ’s named center. Clinic, a program for childhood can- cer survivors funded by the Tommy Fund for Childhood Cancer. “The vast majority of survivors do not even recognize that they have unique health needs or psychosocial needs, because when their therapy was ended it was at a time when we didn’t plan for the future,” Kadan-Lottick says. “They were told, ‘You’re done.’” 2 1 The has taken a major step toward an adult cancer survivorship program to parallel Kadan-Lottick’s with the recent recruitment of Kenneth D.Miller, ., an oncologist 1 with special interest and expertise in this broad subject. July : A kickoff party for With Keith and Ragland’s help, the Bike Across America Kadan-Lottick and Miller hope to () 3 2 3 combine forces to create the first , a bicycle center in Connecticut for survivors of ride to raise funds to August : Medical school all cancers, including adult cancers, a build Connecticut’s first alumni, spouses and guests model of care that would be one of comprehensive cancer gathered in Sterling Hall of the first of its kind in the nation. survivorship clinic at the Medicine’s Beaumont Room Richard L. Edelson, .., direc- Yale Cancer Center for the tor of the , rode miles in the (www.ctchallenge.org), 4 , which followed the 4 Challenge, which netted $, for was held at the Fairfield, annual ritual in which newly the proposed clinic. The ride was a Conn., home of co-founder Jeff Keith and his wife, admitted medical students receive a physician’s coat “tremendously invigorating and Karin (see related story, left). The party and items auc- from leaders of the School of Medicine. 1. From left: inspiring experience, for an extraordi- tioned that evening raised over $,. 1. From left: David J.Leffell, .., professor of dermatology and narily important purpose,” he says. Steve and Meg Stanton with Mitch McManus, owner of surgery and deputy dean for clinical affairs, speaks with “The Yale Cancer Center is privileged Bridgeport and event sponsor. 2. From left: Drs. Maureen and Harold D. Bornstein Jr., ..’. 2. From to join hands with the Connecticut Michael and Elizabeth Brennan with Suzie Manegia. left: Samuel D.Kushlan, ..’, Ethel Kushlan, and Challenge in our joint development 3. John Ragland Jr. and John Ragland Sr. 4. From left: Paula Del Guercio. 3. Marie-Louise T. Johnson, ..’, of a cancer survivorship program that Dr. Mel and Linda Coolidge, Richard L.Edelson, .., ..’. 4. Maria Kayne and Martin Gordon, ..’. provides the very best possible care director of the Yale Cancer Center, and Karin Keith. for survivors.” www.medicineatyale.org Advances Liver transplantation program formed Health and science news from Yale with an international team of experts The School of Medicine has launched an ambitious new liver transplant program with a team of doctors recruited from across the United States and Europe. David C. Cronin , .., Cellular power plants .., one of the world’s most expe- help explain diabetes rienced pediatric and adult liver transplant surgeons, joined the Every cell in our bodies con- Department of Surgery in December tains bacteria-sized powerhouses as chief of the Liver Transplan- called mitochondria (seen as ovals tation Program. An associate profes- in photo), where sugar combines sor of surgery, Cronin came to Yale with oxygen to produce adenosine from the University of Chicago, triphosphate (atp), the fuel for where he performed or participated Meriden, Conn., resident Ray Bellemare (left) expresses his gratitude to David Cronin at cells’ most important functions. in more than adult and pediatric a press conference following Bellemare’s successful liver transplant. Insulin, which escorts sugar liver transplants. into cells, is a crucial player in this process. In type 2 diabetes, which Cronin spent a year working to “Amazing” operation gives patients new life affects 171 million people world- assemble a team of surgeons, anesthe- wide, cells become resistant to siologists, nurses, social workers, Even after performing hundreds operation on July 11 and left the hos- insulin and cellular energy produc- dieticians, pharmacists and transplant of liver transplants, surgeon David pital 18 days later. He had been on tion plummets. coordinators. In addition, Mario Cronin still marvels at the capacity the waiting list only three weeks, A study in the September Strazzabosco, .., .., medical of a healthy liver to rejuvenate a but rose to the top because of the issue of PLoS Medicine led by Kitt F. director of the adult liver transplanta- direly ill patient. “It’s amazing what severity of his condition. Petersen, m.d., associate professor tion program at the Ospedali Riuniti happens when you get a new liver Bellemare, whose liver was of medicine, suggests that insulin di Bergamo in Italy, joined the Yale that works. You get better so damaged by alcohol before he resistance results from an inherited faculty in September as chief of trans- quickly,” he says. “By the time the stopped drinking two years ago, was flaw in mitochondrial function. plant hepatology and professor of breathing tube is out the next day, I overwhelmed by his new lease on Petersen’s team used mag- netic resonance spectroscopy to medicine. Strazzabosco, who trained always ask the patients,‘How do you life. “Every day when I wake up, I can zoom in on the effects of insulin in as a fellow at Yale from to feel?’ And they always tell me,‘I feel feel my body getting stronger and muscle cells of children whose under James L. Boyer, .., Ensign great! I’ve never had so much energy stronger,” he said at a news confer- parents have type 2 diabetes and in Professor of Medicine and director of before in my entire life.’” ence in August. “The good Lord gave a control group. They found a strik- the Yale Liver Center, helped create Cronin’s colleague, hepatologist me a second chance and now I’m ing difference: insulin spiked atp Italy’s third-largest liver transplant Mario Strazzabosco, agrees. “After going to go for it. I’m going to production by mitochondria in the program six years ago in Bergamo. this operation, their whole appear- change my life around and help control group’s muscle cells by 90 Last year, the Bergamo program per- ance and demeanor change so other people. I want to give some- percent, but insulin-resistant off- formed liver transplants. dramatically.You sometimes don’t thing back.” spring of parents with type 2 dia- Cronin had previously recruited recognize your own patient,” “His life expectancy was three betes had only a 5 percent increase. transplant surgeon Sanjay Kulkarni, Strazzabosco says. months without a transplant,” .., from Chicago and anesthesiolo- One of Cronin’s patients, Ray Cronin said at the press conference. An upside to gist Stephen Luczycki, .., from the Bellemare of Meriden, Conn., “Now he can expect to live a normal aneurysms? University of Rochester, one of the received a liver during a six-hour lifespan.” world’s busiest live-donor programs. It’s never a good thing to have Between and , there an aortic aneurysm, a weakness in were liver transplants performed listed its first patient in April and per- A search is under way for a third the walls of the body’s largest at Yale, but the program was curtailed formed its first two liver transplants liver transplant surgeon, and Robert artery, which rises from the heart’s for re-evaluation after a series of poor in July and a third in September. Udelsman, .., ..., the chair left ventricle to supply the body with oxygenated blood. But in the outcomes. The revamped transplant Cronin estimates that liver patients and Lampman Memorial Professor of September issue of the journal service, the result of joint investment will receive transplants by the end of Surgery and Oncology, expects the Chest, John Elefteriades, m.d., chief by the medical school and Yale-New December and another during program to grow rapidly, to liver of cardiothoracic surgery, and col- Haven Hospital through the New , given the service’s current transplants annually. Since few sur- leagues reported a “silver lining in Clinical Program Development Fund, capacity. Liver, page 6 the cloud of aneurysm disease.” Atherosclerotic plaques, which can cause heart attacks or strokes if they rupture, begin to form in Database promises early alerts of outbreaks most people’s arteries by age 20. Until they were replaced by elec- As underscored by recent con- Geological Survey Wildlife Health But Elefteriades and other Yale sur- tronic devices in , caged canaries cerns about an outbreak of bird flu in Center, the database uses an auto- geons had noticed that even elderly patients with aortic were a fixture in British coal mines, humans, the question is not hypo- mated and complex research protocol aneurysms seemed to have virtu- where their high sensitivity to deadly thetical. In , a veterinarian at the to cull from the veterinary literature ally plaque-free arteries,“like a carbon monoxide gas—odorless to Bronx Zoo reported to public health papers on animal disease that might baby’s or a young child’s.” humans—made them invaluable sen- authorities that crows were dying in have relevance to humans. Five cura- When the team tested this tinels for miners’ safety. If the unusually high numbers, but it took tors, including veterinarians and naked-eye clinical observation with canaries showed any signs of distress, some time before it was recognized physicians around the country, review precise radiological measurements, miners took warning. that the birds’ illness was the first sign and curate the papers, adding infor- they found that patients with The colorfully named Canary of the emergence of the West Nile mation about epidemiological ascending aortic aneurysms were Database, a new project overseen by virus in this hemisphere. methods and linkages to human indeed far less prone to plaques. Peter M. Rabinowitz, .., ..., In order to overcome gaps be- health outcomes. Elefteriades has shown in other associate professor of medicine, also tween experts in animal health and The information could be used studies that aortic aneurysms are inherited, and he suggests that relies on animals as lookouts of a those in human health, the Canary to detect impending disease out- examining the same genes could sort, by comprehensively cataloging Database, funded by the National breaks or terror attacks involving bring new insights into athero- animal illnesses around the world Library of Medicine, makes animal chemical or biological weapons. “We sclerosis. Any breakthrough there that might portend outbreaks of sentinel studies from a variety of bio- want to be a continuing resource,” would be invaluable, since cardio- disease in humans. “If you have an medical databases easily accessible. Rabinowitz says, adding that the data- vascular disease, Elefteriades notes, animal that is sick from an environ- A collaboration of the Yale base could lead to cross-training is “the leading cause of death in mental hazard, should human health Occupational and Environmental between veterinary and medical the Western world.” professionals be concerned?” Medicine program, the Yale Center schools. “We feel that both groups Rabinowitz asks. for Medical Informatics and the U.S. have a lot to learn from each other.”
Medicine@Yale October/November 2005 Defusing vascular “time bombs” calls for group effort Screening, treatment model Forty patients out of 100 with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, or HHT, for uncommon disorder A Hidden Killer have the most dangerous malformations, which occur in the lungs and brain. has worldwide impact NO NOSEBLEEDS LUNGS BRAIN For most of us, nosebleeds are no For 200 Of the 100 And 40 of the 100 have members of people with malformations in the more than an occasional nuisance, a family HHT, 90 lungs and/or but for a million people worldwide with the have brain. HHT trait, moderate With screening and they are a warning sign, the clearest 100 have to severe treatment, life- manifestation of an uncommon and HHT. nosebleeds, threatening events can 10 do not. be prevented. potentially fatal genetic disorder known as hereditary hemorrhagic These conditions are not mutually exclusive, so patients may have them in any combination: telangiectasia (). Source: Robert I. White, Jr., m.d. nosebleeds with lung malformations, no nosebleeds with both lung and brain malformations, etc. In people with —sometimes called Osler-Weber-Rendu syn- drome—blood vessels in certain parts toms and can cause stroke or sudden has guided the creation of If s are found, they can be of the body tend to form without death if they rupture. Centers of Excellence across the treated with embolization, a proce- capillaries. The tiny, narrow capillar- According to Robert I. White Jr., United States and in Europe and dure in which doctors guided by ies are crucial go-betweens that .., professor of diagnostic radiol- Japan. These centers, each based on a ultrasound, X-ray or images depressurize blood as it flows through ogy, there are straightforward and successful model for manage- thread a catheter through veins to the tissues and organs from arteries to highly effective therapies for the life- ment that White pioneered at Yale, malformation and shut off its blood veins. In the absence of capillaries, threatening s seen in . But give patients access to multidiscipli- supply with platinum coils or a high-pressure arterial blood flows far too often, he says, a widespread nary clinical teams—otolaryngolo- medical-grade “Super Glue.” directly into veins with full force, cre- lack of knowledge of the disorder, gists, dermatologists, neurologists, In addition to White, members ating fragile sites that are prone to even among physicians, means that gastroenterologists, pulmonologists of the Yale team include ruptures and bleeding. recurrent nosebleeds can be ignored and radiologists—whose overlapping Douglas A. Ross, .., associate pro- -related weak spots in small or misdiagnosed, needlessly turning clinical expertise embraces all the fessor of surgery (otolaryngology); vessels, such as those inside the nose easily treatable s into “vascular organ systems affected by , along Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, .., profes- or at the surface of the skin, are time bombs.” with genetic counseling and special- sor of medicine (digestive diseases); known as telangiectases. Defects in “Why isn’t this well-known?” ized nursing services. Lawrence H. Young, .., professor the larger blood vessels of the gas- asks White. “Because affects five At Yale, patients who believe they of medicine (cardiology); Deborah D. trointestinal tract, liver, lungs and organs, and each specialist takes care may have are given scans Proctor, .., associate professor of brain are called arteriovenous malfor- of their organ, and doesn’t know any- to screen for brain s and contrast medicine (digestive diseases); Jeffrey mations, or s. For many people thing about the other organs.” echocardiography (commonly known S. Pollak, .., associate professor of with , recurrent nosebleeds But White is spreading the word. as a “bubble test”) to search for vas- diagnostic radiology; Katharine J. caused by ruptured nasal telangiec- For more than two decades, in con- cular malformations in the lungs. Henderson, .., genetic counselor; tases—which occur in percent of junction with the Hereditary Hemor- Because any child of a parent with and Cinda J.D’Addio, senior admin- cases—are the only medical conse- rhagic Telangiectasia Foundation has a percent chance of istrative assistant. quence of the disorder. But International, an organization he inheriting the disorder, patients are “We work together, and we all percent of those with also have helped to found in ,White has urged to refer members of their gain something from it,” says White, s in the lungs or brain; these been a globetrotting evangelist for extended family to screening and “so it’s the ideal multidisciplinary col- malformations usually have no symp- screening and treatment, and he treatment centers. laboration.”
Liver from page 5 New lens implant condition affecting near vision in which geons have Cronin’s experience with for cataracts is a the lenses become less pediatric cases, Yale’s program is bionic-style bifocal elastic—who do not likely to become the first significant wish to wear reading pediatric transplant program in New For most of us, wearing eye- glasses. However, England. glasses is an inevitable part of getting DeBroff says he More than , people are reg- older. But for some patients, reaching would not recom- istered on the national waiting list for for a pair of spectacles may soon be a mend the new lens livers, including , in New England, thing of the past. A new lens implant implants for patients according to the United Network for for cataracts that corrects both dis- with a high degree of Organ Sharing. Only , liver trans- tance and near vision, allowing astigmatism or those plants were performed in due to percent of patients to see clearly after who do a lot of night a shortage of donor organs. Cronin surgery without wearing glasses or Brian DeBroff is enthusiastic about a newly approved lens driving, because they estimates that two- implant for cataracts. bifocals, is now available at the Yale cause some patients thirds of liver Eye Center. glasses for reading.With the new lens, to experience halos around lights. patients on the “It really represents a whole new however, most patients achieve DeBroff performed his first national list will die technological advance, because it’s optimal vision that won’t deteriorate, implant surgery with the new lens in before an organ is able to provide patients with a quality even as the eye muscles around the September, and he soon hopes to available. It is range of vision, both near and dis- lens grow weaker with age. conduct a study on its use in pedi- Cronin’s goal to tance, all in one optical system,” says The new implant, known as the atric cataract patients. Though the Mario introduce live-donor Brian M. DeBroff, .., associate AcrySof ReSTOR lens, uses a technol- surgery to implant the new lens is Strazzabosco transplants, a professor and vice chair of the ogy found in microscopes and tele- similar to the procedure used for tra- remarkable procedure in which a Department of Ophthalmology and scopes in which a series of circular ditional lenses, doctors must undergo healthy donor gives only a portion of Visual Science. DeBroff, who has been zones ranging in thickness from . to special training on taking proper his or her liver to the patient. performing lens implant surgery for . microns (a human hair is measurements to achieve the best “Liver transplantation is an more than a decade, is one of just a microns thick) allows the lens to results. extremely challenging operation,” handful of physicians in Connecticut focus light from both near and “One of the important aspects of Udelsman says. “It’s also the ultimate trained and licensed to use the new distant objects without relying on the this implant is the necessity to deter- kind of transplantation in that the lenses. muscles of the eye. mine very accurately the power of the patient will not survive without the More than million people age Approved by the in March, lens for the individual patient,” organ. Unlike kidney and pancreas and older have cataracts, and many the new implant has been used DeBroff says. “At the Yale Eye Center [cases], where the patients have other opt to undergo surgery to remove outside the U.S. since .Although we have some sophisticated equip- options to keep them alive, these cloudy lenses and replace them with lens implants are usually used as a ment that uses computerization to patients have no other options, and permanent lens implants. Cataract treatment for cataracts, in theory the determine the proper power of the they will die from their disease. That’s patients who receive implants usually new implant could also help those implant to put in place once the why it’s so gratifying to see the opera- see more clearly, but many still need over with presbyopia—a common cataract is removed.” tion being performed.” www.medicineatyale.org Grants and contracts awarded to Yale School of Medicine May/June Federal
Vikki Abrahams, nih, Innate Immune nih, Top Homologues in Lymphocyte Genome Responses of Trophoblasts in Pregnancy, years, Stability and Aging, years, $, • David $,, • Anton Bennett, nih, Myogenesis Stern, nih, Protein Kinases in Yeast dna With funding from the by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, years, Checkpoint Pathways, years, $,, National Institutes of $,, • Hilary Blumberg, nih, Genetics Brian Wong, nih, Mechanisms of Drug Health, Akiko Iwasaki, of Hippocampal Deficits in Bipolar Disorder, Resistance in Candida albicans, years, assistant professor of years, $,, • Kathleen Carroll, nih, $, immunobiology, studies Maximizing cbt’s Efficacy with Medication and immune responses to CM, years, $,, • Tian Chi, nih, baf herpes simplex virus Non-Federal hsv Complexes in T Cell Development and Beyond, type 2 ( -2) infection, years, $,, • Jonathan Dranoff, nih, Diana Beardsley, ram Capital Group, llc, one of the most common Regulation of Bile Ductular Proliferation, Perinatal Immune Thrombocytopenia, year, sexually transmitted dis- years, $,, • Gerald Friedland, nih, $, • Alfred Bothwell, L2 Diagnostics, eases. In this section of New England Program for aids Clinical Trial- llc, Protection Against West Nile Virus by rna mouse vaginal tissue, proact, year, $, • Xiao-Bing Gao, Interference, years, $, • Janet immune-system cells nih, Crosstalk of Hypocretin and mch in Brandsma,Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Screening (green) are seen in prox- Feeding Regulation, years, $,, • Sankar Anacor Compounds for in vivo Efficacy in the imity to cells infected hsv Ghosh, nih, Regulation of NF-κB Transcrip- Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus () Assay, with -2 (red). tional Activity, years, $,, • Karl year, $, • Michael Cappello,University Insogna, nih, Role of csf- in Osteoclast of California - San Diego, Function/ years, $, • Harlan Krumholz,Mid- years, $, • Nenad Sestan,March of Function, years, $,, • Akiko Iwasaki, Optimization of a Nematicidal Cry Toxin America Heart Institute, sccor in Cardiac Dimes, Molecular and Cellular Characterization nih, Antiviral ctl Mobilization to the Genital Arsenal, years, $, • Sonia Caprio, Dysfunction and Disease-Project , years, of Dominant Ataxia with Hydrocephalus in the Mucosa, years, $,, • Susan Kaech, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Health Values and $, • Daniel Mathalon,American Clumsy Mutant Mouse, years, $, nih, Regulation of Memory CD T Cell Treatment of Pediatric Type Diabetes, Psychiatric Association, apire/Kemp Fund Mark Solomon,March of Dimes, Substrates of Development, years, $,, • Harriet 1 year, $, • Idil Cavus,The Epilepsy Award for Research, years, $, • Russell the Anaphase Promoting Complex, years, Kluger, nih, Predicting Melanoma Response to Project, Controlling Brain Excitability by Matthews,University of Georgia, GicNAcT-V $, • Stephen Strittmatter, Dr.Ralph bay -/Chemotherapy, years, Electrical Stimulation, year, $, Regulation of Cell Surface Structure/Function, and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust, $,, • Brian Leaderer, nih, Indoor and Gina Chung,Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer years, $, • Linda Mayes, Community Axonal Regeneration Therapy for Spinal Cord Outdoor NO and Asthma Severity in Children, Foundation, The Role of Chemokines and Their Foundation for Greater New Haven, Minding Injury, years, $, • Patrick Sung,Susan years, $, • Thomas McGlashan, nih, Receptors in Breast Cancer, years, $, the Baby Home Visiting Program for First-Time G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, Role of Collaborative Longitudinal Study of Personality R. Todd Constable, Pfizer Inc., Magnetic Parents, year, $, • Diane McMahon- brca2 in Homology-Directed Repair of dna Disorder, years, $,, • Sherry McKee, Resonance Imaging for Non-Invasive Pratt, Fort Dodge Animal Health Division of Breaks, years, $, • Agnes Vignery, nih, Negative Affect and Smoking Behavior in Characterization of Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, Wyeth, Visceral Leishmaniasis Vaccine Efficacy Unigene Laboratories Inc., Targeted Induction Women and Men, years, $, • Sukanya and Hemodynamics with Application to Other in Intradermal balb/c Mouse Model, years, of Bone Formation in vivo, years, $, Narasimhan, nih, Early Tick Salivary Antigens Organs, year, $, • Ronald Duman, $, • Wang Min,AtheroGenics Inc., Fred Volkmar, Oregon Health Sciences as Vaccine Targets, years, $, • Godfrey Organon Inc., Influence of Org and Org AtheroGenics Testing Agreement, year, $, University, Measuring Expressive and Receptive Pearlson, nih, fmri Imaging of Alcohol- on Neurogenesis in Adult Hippocampus, Guillermo Mor, Wayne State University, Prosody in Children with Autism, years, Intoxicated Driving, years, $, • Vincent year, $,;National Alliance for Research Studies of Toll-Like Receptors and Apoptosis in $, • Sherman Weissman,University of Quagliarello, nih, Intervention Planning to on Schizophrenia and Depression, Proliferation the Maintenance of Innate Immunity During Massachusetts, Gene Expression in Mature Reduce Nursing Home Pneumonia, year, and Survival of Glia: Regulation by Stress and Pregnancy, year, $, • Alexander Neutrophils, years, $, • Jason Wilken, $, • David Rimm, nih, Predicting Antidepressants, year, $, • John Neumeister,Anxiety Disorders Association of Elsa U.Pardee Foundation, Inhibitory Potential Metastasis to Lymph Nodes, years, $,, Geibel,AstraZeneca, A.B., Multi-Tissue Analysis America, Genetic Determinants of Noradrenergic of SErbB3: A Soluble ErbB3 Isoform, year, Michael Robek, nih, Modulation of hbv of AstraZeneca’s Compound Coded as azd0865, Function in Panic Disorder, year, $, $, • Scott Woods,National Alliance for Replication by the Immunoproteasome, years, months, $, • Joel Gelernter, Medical Scott Rivkees,March of Dimes, Prevention of Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, $, • Gerard Sanacora, nih, University of South Carolina, Florida Brain Injury of Prematurity by Prenatal Glycine vs. Placebo in Patients with Schizo- Measurement of gaba Synthesis in Depression, Hurricanes and Older Adults: Outcomes/ Adenosine Antagonists, year, $, phrenia, year, $, • Derek Yach, Open years, $,, • David Schatz, nih, Resiliency, years, $, • Harriet Kluger, Sara Rockwell,Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Society Institute, Reducing Deaths from Targeting of Somatic Hypermutation and Gene Breast Cancer Alliance Inc., Prediction of Foundation, Interactions of Black Cohosh Tuberculosis and Tobacco Together, year, Conversion, years, $, • Albert Shaw, Lymph Node Involvement in Breast Cancer, Extracts with Doxorubicin: Possible Mechanisms, $, Genes continued from page 1 called piggyBac, originally identified containing one or more new in the cabbage looper moth by genes into the genome. Malcolm J. Fraser, .., of the To demonstrate this genetic pig- University of Notre Dame, so that it gybacking,Xu and his colleagues used can be easily cut and pasted into the piggyBac to insert a gene for a protein genomes of higher organisms, includ- that glows red under ultraviolet light. ing mice and humans. “With this As seen in the photo at left, a mother transposon, we now have the ability mouse with the gene and any off- to systematically inactivate each and spring that carry it cast an obvious every gene in a model organism like red hue under the light, but pups the mouse,”Xu says. David without the gene do not. However, Largaespada, .., an expert on many more experiments will be human genetics at the University of required to know whether the trans- Minnesota who developed another poson, or some variation of it, could transposon that he and his colleagues reliably and safely transfer therapeu- recently used in mice to identify tic genes to humans. rfp genes involved in cancer, agrees: With genetic tags like red fluorescent protein ( ), scientists can easily determine whether a Xu’s immediate goal is to use mouse carries a transgene or a mutation caused by piggyBac insertion. Under ultraviolet light, “Researchers now have what is essen- a mother mouse and three of her pups express rfp and glow bright red, but one (second from piggyBac to systematically inactivate tially a furry fruit fly.” left) did not inherit the gene and appears violet. every gene in the mouse, one by one, Scientists have traditionally relied a project that would be unthinkable on mutagenesis, using chemicals to PiggyBac has the added feature of This combination of traits makes with traditional mutagenesis modify mouse genes, but this is total reversibility, which allows scien- piggyBac a “dream tool” for geneti- methods. “For the past two decades, it painstakingly slow, and it is often dif- tists to verify that particular muta- cists, Xu says: “This new technology has routinely taken about a year to ficult to locate the genes that have tions have particular effects. In the will completely change the game of mutate one gene in a mouse, and been mutated. The piggyBac transpo- presence of transposase, piggyBac using mutagenesis to understand the altogether about , genes have son, when injected into fertilized easily hops into genes, and it remains function of mouse genes, and by been knocked out in mice, out of a mouse eggs along with an enzyme stably in place in any mice of subse- extension their human counterparts.” total of about , that are in the known as transposase, is remarkably quent generations that do not inherit PiggyBac could also be a promis- genome,”Xu explains. With the help efficient at inserting itself into impor- the gene for the enzyme. But when ing new vehicle for human gene of piggyBac, he says, “in three tant coding regions of the genome, these mice are mated with others that therapy, according to Xu, who says months, with two students, we have and, as its name implies, it can carry produce transposase, piggyBac hops that, in addition to carrying tags that done genes. We plan to produce genetic tags that allow researchers to back out of genes, leaving no trace of mark mutated genes, piggyBac can be mutant mice inactivating most of the locate mutations quickly. the mutation in their offspring. engineered to carry whole blocks of genes in three years.”
Medicine@Yale October/November 2005 Neuroscientist Horvath will chair Comparative Medicine Tamas L. Horvath, ..., an independent rhythms and the body’s hormonal is an honor and a privilege to follow .., associate professor of obstet- administrative entity responses to stress. in the footsteps of Bob [Jacoby]. It’s rics, gynecology, and reproductive sci- within the section Horvath says his intellectual going to be a major challenge for me ences, and associate professor of devoted to animal history mirrors that of the section he to fill his shoes.” neurobiology, has been named chair care, and the section will head. “I came here as a veterinar- Jacoby says that Horvath’s back- of the Section of Comparative has since been ian into the medical school, so per- ground is well suited to the section’s Medicine. Horvath takes over from refashioning itself to sonally I had to go through the same st-century mission. “Ten or years Tamas Horvath Robert O. Jacoby, ..., .., become a predomi- transition to become a full-blown ago it was tilted toward diseases of who has led the section since . nantly academic enterprise. academic researcher,” he says. “That’s laboratory animals. You’re going to Comparative Medicine, founded Horvath followed his father and the sort of philosophy that I would see much more attention paid to in and made a free-standing grandfather into veterinary medicine like to translate now to Comparative mechanisms of human diseases section in , conducts infectious in his native Hungary, but his train- Medicine, to make this section in the expressed in animal models,” Jacoby disease research and provides veteri- ing sparked a passion for basic next couple of years an even more says, adding that he expects Horvath nary services for animals used in research. He is an expert on the hypo- integral component of the academic to strike “the right balance between research. However, during his long thalamus, the brain region that regu- life of the medical school.” the section’s regulatory and health tenure, Jacoby oversaw the creation of lates such basic functions as repro- At a reception to mark his new care mandates with the need to keep the Yale Animal Resources Center as ductive behavior, eating, biological appointment, Horvath said, “It really Yale’s research at the forefront.” Borgstrom named president/CEO Awards & honors of Yale-New Haven Roland E. Baron, Michael B. Michael ..., .., Bracken, .., Cappello, .., ..., Since she joined Yale-New Haven professor of the professor of orthopaedics and Susan Dwight pediatrics and Hospital () in as an rehabilitation Bliss Professor of director of the administrative fellow just out of grad- and cell biology, Epidemiology in Yale Program in uate school, Marna P. Borgstrom, has received the the Division of International ..., has risen in D. Harold Copp Chronic Disease Child Health, has the ranks to become Award from the Epidemiology at been elected to International the School of the American a vice president, the Bone and Public Health, Society for chief operating Mineral Society. The award, presented has been named president-elect of the Clinical Investigation, a society of bio- officer and, as of in Geneva, Switzerland, in June, cites Society for Epidemiologic Research, the medical researchers with outstanding October , the Baron’s research on the mechanisms of largest epidemiological society in the records of scholarly achievement. and president of the skeletal development as having “led to world. Bracken’s research is focused on Cappello’s laboratory studies the significant changes in understanding of the epidemiology of diseases of preg- molecular pathogenesis of hookworm Marna hospital and Yale Borgstrom physiology or disease.” nant women and newborns. anemia, a major global health problem. New Haven Health System (). She succeeds Stanley J. Ronald S. Duman, Thomas M. Gill, . .. Dudrick, .., .., Elizabeth ., associate Joseph A. Zaccagnino, ., who professor of Mears & House professor of retired in September after a -year surgery, has Jameson Professor medicine and co- career. received the of Psychiatry and director of the During more than a quarter- Jacobson Inno- professor of phar- Yale fellowship in century at the hospital she has vation Award macology, has geriatric medi- from the received an cine and clinical watched it grow into the -bed American Director’s Merit epidemiology, flagship of a health system that College of Award from the has been stretches along Long Island Sound Surgeons. National Institute inducted into the from Rye, N.Y., to Westerly, R.I. Dudrick was honored for his research of Mental Health for his research on American Society for Clinical As the second-in-command at contributions in nutritional support for depression and stress. Duman studies Investigation, one of the nation’s oldest surgical patients and infants. In , the effects of stress on the hippocampus, and most respected medical honor the hospital, Borgstrom helped Dudrick was the first to demonstrate and how antidepressant drugs stimulate societies. Gill studies strategies to develop , an affiliation of that infants could develop normally neurotrophic and neurogenic actions in prevent functional decline and disabil- several dozen organizations including when fed intravenously. that structure. ity among the elderly. and two other large hospitals, Marie Louise Richard P. Bruce L. Bridgeport and Greenwich. She Landry, .., Lifton, .., McClennan, managed the hospital’s $ million professor of lab- .., chair and .., professor budget and served as primary liaison oratory medicine Sterling Professor of diagnostic with the School of Medicine, and also and director of of Genetics and radiology, has the Clinical professor of been elected oversaw construction of the $ Virology medicine and president of the million Yale-New Haven Children’s Laboratory at molecular bio- American Hospital, which opened in . Yale-New Haven physics and bio- Roentgen Ray Because of ’s size and Hospital, is the chemistry, has Society (), scope, Borgstrom sees opportunities recipient of been named a the oldest radiol- the Diagnostic Virology Award. The Distinguished Scientist of the American ogy society in the United States. to create better health care by coordi- award, from the Pan American Society Heart Association. The honor is “in McClennan, who specializes in genito- nating its provider networks with one for Clinical Virology, recognizes her recognition of seminal research that urinary radiology, began his term in another and with the medical school. outstanding contributions to the field has importantly advanced our under- July. The , founded shortly after In particular, she looks forward to the in the area of rapid detection of viruses standing and management of cardio- the discovery of the X-ray, is dedicated construction of a $ million cancer for clinical diagnosis. vascular disease and stroke.” to the advancement of radiology. center that is awaiting zoning Stephen M. Derek K. Edward M. approval by New Haven officials. Strittmatter, Toomre, .., Uchio, .., Many joint programs—in .., .., the assistant profes- assistant profes- Vincent Coates sor in the sor of surgery, epilepsy, endocrine surgery and Professor of Department of has received a maternal-fetal medicine, to name a Neurology and Cell Biology, has Dennis W. few—already bring patients to New professor of been named the Jahnigen Career Haven from across the country, and a neurobiology, has Bayer Fellow in Development new liver transplantation program received the Medicine and Scholars Award Senator Jacob Management for from the (see related story, page ) is expected Javits Award in –.The American to draw pediatric patients from the the Neurosciences from the National fellowship, established by Bayer Geriatrics Society (). The $, region and beyond. Borgstrom would Institute of Neurological Disorders and Pharmaceuticals Corp. in , will award, one of granted nationwide by like to see more out-of-state patients Stroke. Strittmatter studies the develop- support Toomre’s application of the to support geriatric research, come to the city for care, and to see ment of the nervous system, and has advanced imaging techniques to study will support Uchio’s research on the discovered proteins involved in regen- the dynamics of protein traffic and the effects of aging on a cancer-suppressing continued growth in ’s list of eration and repair after injury. cytoskeleton in migrating cells. pathway in the kidney. nationally recognized programs.
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