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BRIEFING ROUP OF EIGHT 06PAPER

GHT GROUP OF go8.edu.au OF EIGHT GROUP 12 THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA– AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION P R OG R OCT

A2 THEM NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR14 INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION 14 OCT R R THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FORINDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION    seminararethe to: directionspolicy identifi ed inNEP. Thegoalsof university research onthe building collaboration, refl mightenhance andAustralia ect onhowIndia Thisseminarwill inIndia. and highereducation rethinkson 30July2020,substantially school Policy, Education The newNational released PURPOSE university leadersand/orgovernment part of onthe action short- ormedium-term threeIdentify orfourareas joint ofpotential in2021 fruitful especially andengagementwouldbe collaboration Refi ofareas ne understanding where and India inAustralia andpolicymakers key practitioners Maintain anddevelopstrong between links 3 WED 14 OCTOBER 2020 Professor Margaret Gardner AC Go8 Chair and Gardner Margaret Professor and Vice Chancellor, President MP Minister for Education The Hon Dan Tehan His Excellency Gitesh Sarma Mr A. High Commissioner of Indian in Australia in which the ecosystem new elite multi- Developing theresearch wide connecting disciplinary universities will through operate, for example councils in Foundation in India to research the new National Research Australia institutions to establish campuses Leveraging the ability for foreign themes such as in India joint facilities, by developing possibly around ng Paper health, sport or social equity (see Briefi water, agriculture, point 1) of joint in major areas The establishment a series of conferences of soils, education, health, social cohesion, and as water, such interest transformation environmental The further mobility development of joint doctoral supervision and exibility in the NEP taking advantage of the new focus on fl programs, The development of joint post-doctoral initiatives aimed at providing with experience of both Australian and Indian researchers early career and aimed at capacity building in key areas, environments research Institutes’ New Generation Network drawing on the Australia India’s ng Paper point 2) model (see Briefi The development of fellowship and scholarship opportunities that the Australia-India bilateral, including mobility across facilitate research GIAN and optimal utilisation of existing schemes such as SPARC to industry engagement, The establishment of joint approaches including discussion with foundations Introduction remarks introductory Forum Opening and  as a key pillar of the Australia-India relationship Education and Research  The NEP: a new vision for India  WITH INDIA IN RESEARCH HOW CAN AUSTRALIA PARTNER COLLABORATIONS? Go8 Global Engagement Group Chair, Michael Wesley Chair – Professor and Deputy Vice Chancellor International, for potential collaboration: Discussion on the following areas    How can Australia and India work together on enhancing two-way PhD mobility and training?     THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION POLICY: EDUCATION THE NATIONAL 15.00 15.00 – 15.05 15.05 – 15.15 15.15 – 15.25 15.25 15.25 – 16.00 4 WED 14 OCTOBER 2020 THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FORINDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION 16.25 –16.35 16.25 16.00 –16.25 16.00  you points,nextstepsandthank Summary ofkeydiscussion OUTCOMES ANDNEXTSTEPS      Chair –Professor CraigJeffrey Director Institute India andCEOAustralia RESHAPE HIGHEREDUCATION INTHE21STCENTURY? HOW CANAUSTRALIAANDINDIAWORKTOGETHERTO Vice-Chancellor andPresident,Vice-Chancellor UniversityofQueensland Professor DeborahTerry AO systems(Briefi andIndian Australian the in both ng Paperpoint6) andTAFEEngagement onhowhighereducation integrate canbetter Paper point5) organisations around (Briefi issuesofequityinhighereducation ng other partnersmightengagewith andAustralian Exploring howIndian regions good(Briefi public contextofthe inthe ng Paperpoint4) role onthe dialogues include establishing andtheir ofuniversities NEPidentifi that universities es askeytoitsstrategy. Thiscouldalso multi-disciplinary elite developmentofthe inthe Collaboration boundary(Briefi Australia-India the ng Paperpoint3) Explore across toleverageteachingopportunities potential the core NEPonuniversities’ the on insightswithin insociety functions Refl drawing purposeofuniversities, public overall onthe ection 5 WED 14 OCTOBER 2020 INTRODUCTION 15.00 –15.05

FORUM EDUCATION OPENING AND RESEARCH AS A KEY PILLAR OF THE AUSTRALIA-INDIA RELATIONSHIP BIOGRAPHIES Professor Margaret Gardner AC Chair Group of Eight President and Vice-Chancellor Monash University

Professor Margaret Gardner AC became President and Vice- Chancellor of Monash University on September 1, 2014. Prior to joining Monash, Professor Gardner was Vice-Chancellor and President of RMIT from April 2005 until August 2014. Professor Gardner was Chair of Universities Australia from 2017 to 2019 and is currently the Chair of the Group of Eight Universities. She is also a Director of Infrastructure Victoria, the Australia and New Zealand School of Government (ANZSOG) and a member of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Inclusion and Diversity Committee.

6 THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 15.05–15.15 15.15–15.25

THE NEP: A NEW VISION FOR INDIA

The Hon Dan Tehan MP His Excellency Minister for Education Mr A. Gitesh Sarma High Commissioner of India in Australia

The Hon Dan Tehan MP is the Member His Excellency Mr A. Gitesh Sarma for Wannon in Victoria. He is Minister completed his B.A. (Hons) and for Education and was sworn in on M.A. in Political Science from Delhi 28 August 2018. Mr Tehan served University. Mr Sarma joined the Indian as Minister for Social Services from Foreign Service in 1986, worked in 20 December 2017. Prior to this, he Ministry of External Affairs as Under was the Minister for Veterans’ Affairs, Secretary (Europe East) and Director Minister for Defence Personnel, (Central Asia). Mr Sarma’s overseas Minister Assisting the Prime Minister assignments include Indian Missions for Cyber Security and Minister in Russia, Ukraine, Hong Kong, Assisting the Prime Minister for the Pakistan and United Kingdom. He Centenary of Anzac. Mr Tehan was has been Ambassador of India to elected to Federal Parliament in 2010 Uzbekistan and High Commissioner and has held positions as the Chair of of India in Fiji. Additionally, Mr Sarma the Parliamentary Joint Committee served as the Offi cer on Special on Intelligence and Security; Chair of Duty (IT Enabled Services) in the the Victorian Consultative Panel for Information Technology Department the Black Spot Programme; Chair of of the state of Andhra Pradesh, the Coalition Policy Committee on Hyderabad, India. He was also Joint Economics and Finance; Co-Chair of Secretary (External Relations) in the Parliamentarians Supporting Cancer the Department of Atomic Energy, Causes; Co-Chair of the Parliamentary Government of India. Mr Sarma was Friends of Youth Mental Health, Secretary (West) in the Ministry of and; Chair of the Coalition Friends of External Affairs until November 2019. Tourism. Prior to entering Parliament, Mr Tehan worked in agriculture in Australia and overseas. He has worked in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade where he held various roles, including as a diplomat at Embassy in Mexico.

THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION 7 HOW CAN HOW AND AUSTRALIA INDIA WORK TO TOGETHER HIGHER RESHAPE EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY? CHAIR 15.25–16.00 Professor Michael Wesley Michael Wesley Professor Chair Go8 Global Engagement Group Deputy Vice-Chancellor International University of Melbourne is an expert Michael Wesley Professor who has worked in international affairs in higher education, government Professor and the private sector. extensive experience in has Wesley international and relations strategy and has worked in higher education, government and theprivate sector. He has publishedAustralian on international Asia’s policy, foreign the and and strategic affairs, relations politics of state-building interventions. was Wesley Professor Previously, of International Affairs Professor and Dean of the College of Asia and c at the Australian National the Pacifi of the Coral University and the Director at c Affairs Bell School of Asia Pacifi ANU. He has also held positions as of the Lowy the Executive Director Director Institute for International Policy, th th Asia Institute at Griffi of the Griffi and Assistant Director- University, Issues at the General for Transnational ce of National Assessments. He Offi has a PhD in International Relations As the University of St Andrews. from Deputy Vice-Chancellor International at the University of Melbourne, Professor the leadership across provides Wesley with overall responsibility University, for strategic guidance and expert advice for internationalisation and global engagement. THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION POLICY: EDUCATION THE NATIONAL

8

COLLABORATIONS? COLLABORATIONS? IN RESEARCH IN RESEARCH WITH INDIA WITH INDIA PARTNER PARTNER AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA HOW CAN HOW BIOGRAPHIES CHAIR SUMMARY 16.00–16.25 16.25–16.35

OUTCOMES AND NEXT STEPS

Professor Craig Jeffrey Professor Deborah Terry AO Director and CEO Vice-Chancellor and President Australia India Institute University of

Professor Craig Jeffrey is Director Professor Deborah Terry AO is and CEO of the Australia Vice-Chancellor and President of India Institute. He works on The (UQ). contemporary India and youth. Prior to commencing this role in Building on long-term social August 2020, she served as Vice- research in north India, he Chancellor of Curtin University in has highlighted the positive Western Australia (from February contributions of marginalised youth 2014 to July 2020). Professor to Indian society, working in Hindi Terry was made an Offi cer in the and Urdu, which he speaks fl uently. General Division of the Order of He has written eight books, Australia (AO) in June 2015, in including the Timepass: Youth, recognition of her distinguished Class and the Politics of Waiting service to education in the tertiary in India (Stanford University Press sector. She is also Chair of the 2010) and India: A Very Short Board of Universities Australia; a Introduction (Oxford University Fellow and past President of the Press 2017). Professor Jeffrey has Academy of Social Sciences in advised over thirty PhD researchers Australia; an appointed member in Seattle, Oxford, and Melbourne of the Australian Research Council and has recently developed a Advisory Council; and serves on New Generation Network of 15 the Australia and New Zealand post-doctoral scholars conducting School of Government Board and applied research on contemporary Australia’s Academic and Research India across Australia. Jeffrey’s work Network Board. has infl uenced public policy in the UK, India and Australia.

THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION 9 KEY INVITEES BIOGRAPHIES Dr Michael Spence AC Ms Vicki Thomson Vice-Chancellor and Principal Chief Executive University of Group of Eight

Dr Michael Spence AC has led Ms Vicki Thomson is the Chief the as Vice- Executive of the Group of Eight Chancellor and Principal since (Go8) – Australia’s eight leading 2008. An alumnus of the University research-intensive universities. of Sydney, Dr Spence has a BA She took up her role in January with fi rst-class honours in English, 2015. Prior to this, she was Italian and law. He also speaks Executive Director of the Australian other Asian languages. Dr Spence Technology Network of Universities holds a Doctor of Philosophy (ATN). Ms Thomson’s diverse from the University of Oxford and background covers print and before returning to Sydney headed electronic journalism, politics, Oxford’s law faculty and its social issues management and the sciences division. In 2017, he was higher education sector. She has awarded a Companion of the an extensive media, political and Order of Australia in the Australia policy background and was Chief Day Honours. of Staff to a South Australian Premier. She is a Board member of the European Australian Business Council and is a member of the Australian Government’s New Colombo Plan Reference Group.

10 THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION Professor Michael Brooks Mr Tayyeb Shah Interim Vice-Chancellor Deputy Vice-Chancellor and President (Global Partnerships) University of Adelaide University of Western Australia

Professor Michael Brooks is Mr Tayyeb Shah is Deputy Vice- the Interim Vice-Chancellor Chancellor (Global Partnerships) at and President of the University The University of Western Australia of Adelaide. He is a leading and responsible for a portfolio international researcher in that spans Global Engagement, computer vision and image Innovation & Industry Engagement, analysis, and his work in intelligent the Cultural Precinct and video surveillance has seen wide Development & Alumni Relations. commercial use in the security A globally-renowned expert industries and has resulted in in higher education, business international awards. Professor development and international Brooks has extensive experience relations, Mr Shah joined UWA in research leadership and senior in June 2019 from King’s College management. Previously serving as London, where he held a number Deputy Vice-Chancellor Research of roles most recently as Deputy (DVCR), Provost, and (in 2017) Vice President (Global Business Interim Vice-Chancellor. As DVCR, Development). During his 12 years Professor Brooks established six at King’s College London, Mr Shah of the University of Adelaide’s was instrumental in expanding fl agship research institutes and has the university’s international and overseen the University’s rapid rise commercial partnerships. up the international rankings.

THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION 11 1 A National Higher Education Regulatory for the Council – a new single regulator sector A Higher Education Council, Grants for the funding of higher responsible education Council A National Accreditation A General EducationCouncil that establishes outcomes for learning rms the universities. also confi The NEP establishmentNational of a Research Foundation in India. In terms of higher education (HE), the NEP of young people aims to raise the proportion 26.3% in 2018). in HE to 50% by 2035 (from A new Higher Education Council of India HE and have under it four would regulate organisations: 1. 2. 3. 4. system The NEP will dismantle the current and colleges do not confer degrees wherein hub universities to which must do so through liated. In the new system all HE affi they are power. institutions will degree-granting have liation system will be phased out in 15 The affi years and the number of higher educational the (from 15,000 to reduced be institutionswill 1000 universities and 45,000 degree current the colleges). As part of this reorganisation, tens of thousands of universities in India that (and typically enrol one or two degrees offer THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION POLICY: EDUCATION THE NATIONAL 1 the personal opinions of the author This note represents On 29th July 2020 the Indian government approved a new On 29thJuly 2020 the Indian government approved National Education Policy that (NEP) India aims to make a “vishwa GDP spending and commits to raising guru” (world educator) on 6% (see Bhushan 2019). 4.6% to the current education from school system The NEP dismantles the current move into school at the age in which children ve and follow a 10 years plus 2 model of fi arrive at in favour of one in which children years of age and undertake school at three 5 years of early primary schooling, 3 years of 3 of middle school, and 4 of upper primary, high school. The inclusion of early childhood education within the ambit of the formal school system is a key move as is the direction addition in to breakfasts, free to provide Vocational midday meals, for allchildren. in schools from education will be introduced Sixth Class and the Education Ministry will constitute a new National Committee for the Education. Integration of Vocational Modi has said that Prime Minister Narendra education “How to think is about, not what focus on ected in NEP’s to think”. This is refl learning and rote driving a move away from streams rigid arts, science, and commerce problem- in secondary school towards based learning and critical thinking. The an end to winner-takes- NEP also forecasts a more all public examinations towards bound modular system. These changes are of teaching. up in the professionalisation six months of The government will provide online training to nursery teachers. All school teachers will now have to do 4 year degrees. for teachers standards National professional in 2022. will come on stream INDIA’S NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY POLICY EDUCATION NATIONAL INDIA’S INTERNATIONAL FOR OPPORTUNITIES AND A NOTE – COLLABORATION 4th 2020 October Craig Jeffrey, 12 BRIEFING PAPER OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLABORATION WITH INDIA fewer than 500 students) will be amalgamated Implementation will be or converted into larger, multi-disciplinary institutions. The NEP also proposes a complex and necessarily distinction between research universities and protracted. The Draft National teaching universities. At the top level, it aims Education Policy pointed to set up a series of elite multidisciplinary universities that parallels the Ivy League in out that the existing higher the US. education system with Indian The NEP also introduces 4 year States is characterised by the multidisciplinary degrees with multiple “widespread prevalence of exit options: students can obtain a 1 year vested/commercial interests” certifi cate, 2 year diploma, 3 year degree or 4 year honours. At the same time, it removes that may act on a brake on one step in the system of postgraduate some aspects of these intended education by removing MPhil degrees. reforms (GOI 2019: 204; (see A common theme across school and also Gould 1972; Jeffrey 2010; university education is that of social equity. The NEP aims to increase the participation Kapur and Mehta 2017). Partly of under-represented groups in schools and in recognition of such points, universities. It signals the creation of a Gender the NEP sets a long-range Inclusion Fund to “build the nation’s capacity to provide equitable quality education for timetable, with the new system all girls as well as transgender students” expected to be fully operational (quoted in Jha and Parvati 2020: 201) as by 2040. well as Special Education Zones focusing on underrepresented groups. The NEP also indicates that Indian Sign Language will be There are many areas where Australia might standardised across the country. productively work with India during this twenty-year implementation phase, especially Across all these areas of educational change, given the recent emphasis on research the NEP sees an increased role for non-state cooperation in the Comprehensive Strategic players in the management of education. Partnership between India and Australia It also specifi es a larger role for foreign (DFAT 2020). The Australian Government organisations. The NEP moves to allow (DESE, AHC) has an important role in the top 100 global universities to establish facilitating opportunities through working campuses in India. The NEP also encourages with Australian and Indian institutions and top Indian universities to consider opening the Indian Government. Six spheres of action campuses elsewhere. are of particular note.

THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION 13 SUMMIT PAPER OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLABORATION WITH INDIA

ONE THREE The shift to allowing foreign institutions The development of joint undergraduate to establish campuses in India is a major and graduate teaching initiatives is a third new step. Universities outside India could sphere where existing action could be scaled approach an Indian partner about developing up. The current pandemic has changed many joint physical facilities in each other’s country people’s understanding of how technology on a reciprocal basis. This could provide can bring people together across distance, a platform for joint PhD supervision, co- and there are obvious opportunities in terms produced learning programs, and other of online learning in particular, as the IES also collaborations. This idea would link to the points out. Joint initiatives are likely to be suggestion in Peter Varghese AO’s India most successful where they are faculty led and Economic Strategy (IES) to identify ways where the faculty concerned have an existing for top Australian universities to leverage research interest that works in tandem with the development of new capacity in India their teaching cooperation. (Varghese 2018). Potential action: Leveraging the new Potential action: Universities in Australia research being conducted by the AII and India discuss the possibility of the regarding key scholars working across development of a joint facilities perhaps the India/Australia boundary and the involving multiple institutions on both recently-announced Australia Research sides. Consideration could be given to Collaboration hub in India, the AII themed hubs, for example focusing on could convene a webinar on teaching agriculture, water, sport, or social equity. opportunities across the Australia-India boundary with joint input from both TWO countries and with a view to developing a work stream in this area. Early career capacity building is another area for much greater joint working, especially given how the pandemic has disrupted early FOUR career researchers’ work across the world. It The role of research universities as leaders in would be useful for the next generation of regional economic and educational change Indian faculty to have experience outside could be another basis for collaboration. India, just as it would be valuable for many Director of IIT Delhi, Professor Rangopal Rao, early career researchers in countries such hailed the NEP as a “Morrill moment” in the as Australia, Canada and the UK to spend history of educational planning in India – a time in India. These principles are enshrined reference to the Morrill Land-Grant Act in in the Go8’s PhD Taskforce report on India/ the US. That Act established universities that Australia collaboration (Go8 2017). In the next became change agents for the surrounding phase it might be especially advantageous to region, including other higher educational collaborate in the post-doctoral area. institutions. As India moves the NEP into implementation phase, it might usefully Potential action: Australian universities think about how some of the new elite could partner with the Indian government, multidisciplinary universities could deepen and possibly also corporate foundations, their engagement with other, teaching- to create international networks of three- focused institutions in their locality such that year post-doctoral students who gain students at provincial teaching universities experience in India and abroad. This and colleges benefi t from this development could build on the AII’s New Generation of world-class research institutions. Australia Network initiative. could engage in highly productive cross- national dialogue on this issue.

14 THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION Potential action: Go8 convene a Potential action: A suitable organisation discussion of ‘universities and their could work with TAFEs in Australia to regions/the public good’ working with develop discussions on integrating HE an appropriate partner in India such as and vocational education with Indian the NIEPA. counterpart organisations.

FIVE These six suggestions come with two caveats. The fi rst is that the success of these Other countries could also work with India six initiatives will require both countries around the global challenge of broadening providing adequate respect and importance effective participation in school and university to social science and humanities disciplines, education. Challenges in the area of social as consistent with the emphasis of the draft equity in India are likely to include reducing National Education Policy on ‘liberal arts’ and the digital divide (Pitroda 2020) and further the NEP on ‘holistic education’. It is notable refl ecting on the relationship between the that the Australia India Strategic Fund has NEP and India’s Right to Education (RTE) Act been limited to STEM subjects. An additional (2010). suggestion would be that both countries develop a humanities and social science Potential action: Appropriate grant scheme. organisations could galvanise relevant educationalists in India and Australia to Second, genuine reciprocity must be hard- discuss HE and equity with a view to the wired into all projects. One of the NEP’s development of new joint initiatives. greatest strengths is that it articulates nicely that India is and always has been a major SIX centre of knowledge production. India’s Education Minister recently stated, “The NEP International cooperation could also 2020 will help India regain the title of world extend to discussing the rise of educated teacher and help transform out institutions unemployment, especially in the wake of to regain former glory.” None of the Covid-19. One of the strengths of the NEP international collaborations proposed above is the emphasis it places on schools and will work if Australia approaches India with universities as places where people learn to the view that they have ‘solutions’ to complex live fulfi lling lives and not simply as training educational challenges or with a transactional grounds for employment. As Education mindset. Internationalisation must instead Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal put it: “The main proceed from an acknowledgement of India objective of the NEP 2020 is to develop as a beacon for change and of the importance good human beings and not machines” of learning from India to improve Australian (Shenoy 2020). At the same time, however, education. the NEP recognises the need to address the challenge of educated unemployment and underemployment in India (Jeffrey 2010; Mehrotra 2020). The initiatives presented in the NEP on vocational education are encouraging in this regard, and it would be excellent if the NEP could trigger international discussion regarding graduate employment in the 2020s.

THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: POSSIBILITIES FOR INDIA–AUSTRALIA COLLABORATION 15 SUMMIT PAPER REFERENCES

Bhushan, Sudhanshu 2019. ‘A dithering higher education policy’ Economic and Political Weekly 54, 24, June 15. DFAT (2020) https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/india/Pages/joint-statement-comprehensive-strategic- partnership-between-republic-india-and-australia Gould, H. (1972). Educational Structures and Political Processes in Faizabad District, Uttar Pradesh. Education and Politics in India: Studies in Organization, Society, and Policy, 94-120. Government of India (GOI) 2019. Draft National Education Policy. Delhi: Government of India. Go8 (2017) https://www.go8.edu.au/oldcontent/sites/default/fi les/docs/publications/go8-phd- taskforce-report_fi nal_reduced.pdf Jeffrey, Craig 2010 Timepass: Youth, Class and the Politics of Waiting in India. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Jha, A. and Parvati (2020) National Education Policy 2020: Long on Rhetoric and Short on Substance, Economic and Political Weekly, August 27. Kapur, D. and Mehta, P. B. (2017) Navigating the Labyrinth: Perspectives on India’s Higher Education. Delhi: Orient Black Swan. Mehrotra, S. (2020) Catastrophic migrant crisis sets us back 15 years. Pitroda, S. (2020) ‘Digital India’ is not prepared for digital education. The Indian Express, September 3. Shenoy, J. NEP is a nation-centric policy aimed at building good humans: Dr. Ramesh Pokhriyal. Times of India, Sept 26. Varghese, P. (2018). An India Economic Strategy to 2035. Navigating from Potential to Delivery. A report to the Australian Government.

The Australia India Institute is funded by the Australian Government Department of Education, Skills and Employment

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