DOCSLIB.ORG

Devolution and Higher Education: Impact and Future Trends 43723 Uniuk Devolution 12/11/08 13:04 Page Ii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Devolution and Higher Education: Impact and Future Trends 43723 Uniuk Devolution 12/11/08 13:04 Page Ii 43723 UniUK Devolution 12/11/08 13:04 Page i Research report Devolution and higher education: impact and future trends 43723 UniUK Devolution 12/11/08 13:04 Page ii Research reports This series of Research reports published by Universities UK will present the results of research we have commissioned or undertaken in support of our policy development function. The series aims to disseminate project results in an accessible form and there will normally be a discussion of policy options arising from the work. This report has been prepared for Universities UK by Alan Trench, the Law School, University of Edinburgh. The statistical annexe was produced by Nigel Brown and Brian Ramsden. Universities UK also acknowledges, with thanks, the valuable contributions of Jim Gallacher, Jim Gallagher, John Fitz and Bob Osborne to this project. The copyright for this publication is held by Universities UK. The material may be copied or reproduced provided that the source is acknowledged and the material, wholly or in part, is not used for commercial gain. Use of the material for commercial gain requires the prior written permission of Universities UK. 43723 UniUK Devolution 12/11/08 13:04 Page 1 Devolution and higher education: impact and Contents future trends 5 Preface 7 Summary of key messages Section 1 9 Introduction: devolution and the United Kingdom 1.1 9 The legal and administrative structure of devolution 1.2 11 Devolution and the structure of government in Whitehall and Westminster 1.3 13 The management of intergovernmental relations 1.4 14 Devolution and public policy 1.5 14 The 2007 elections Section 2 16 General trends in higher education policy 2.1 16 England 2.2 16 Wales 2.3 17 Scotland 2.4 17 Northern Ireland 2.5 18 The UK role Section 3 19 Students 3.1 19 The student population 3.2 20 Cross-border flows 3.3 20 Participation rates and population figures 3.4 21 International students 3.5 22 Student finance 3.6 23 Cross-border movements of students and financial implications of different fees regimes Section 4 24 Degrees and qualifications Universities UK Devolution and higher education 1 43723 UniUK Devolution 12/11/08 13:04 Page 2 Section 5 25 Institutions 5.1 25 The conferring of university status 5.2 25 Reconfiguration and mergers of institutions Section 6 27 Research 6.1 27 The territorial allocation of research funding 6.2 29 The Research Assessment Exercise 6.3 30 Research collaboration in Scotland and Wales 6.4 30 The Funders’ Forum 6.5 31 The Science Research Investment Fund 6.6 31 Implications of the way research funding is allocated Section 7 33 Funding, finance and fees 7.1 33 The distribution of teaching income 7.2 34 The funding gap in Wales 7.3 35 Fee regimes and the implications of the territorial distribution of teaching income Section 8 37 Conclusions and recommendations Annexe 39 Contextual data by Nigel Brown and Brian Ramsden 2 43723 UniUK Devolution 12/11/08 13:04 Page 3 Index of tables and charts in the annexe 39 Table 1 Population of England (thousands) 47 Table 20 Research grants and contracts: and percentage change over time EU sources 39 Table 2 Population of Scotland 48 Table 21 Market share of research (thousands) and percentage studentships in the four UK change over time countries 40 Table 3 Population of Wales (thousands) 49 Table 22 Income (£) per full-time- and percentage change over time equivalent student, 1999/2000 40 Table 4 Population of Northern Ireland 49 Table 23 Income(£) per full-time- (thousands) and percentage equivalent student, 2005/06 change over time 50 Table 24 Relationship between full-time 41 Table 5 Total higher education level undergraduate applicants and students in the UK 1996/97 acceptances through UCAS by country, 1996 entry 41 Table 6 Total higher education level students in the UK 1999/2000 51 Table 25 Relationship between full-time undergraduate applicants and 42 Table 7 Total higher education level acceptances through UCAS by students in the UK 2005/06 country, 1999 entry 42 Table 8 Percentage change by mode and 51 Table 26 Relationship between full-time level, 1996/97–2005/06 undergraduate applicants and 43 Table 9 Percentage change acceptances through UCAS by 1996/97–2005/06 among full-time country, 2006 entry postgraduates in higher education 52 Table 27 Relationship between places and institutions, split between applicants in each country, 1996, research and taught degree aims 1999 and 2006 entry 43 Table 10 Percentage change 54 Table 28 Students by world region of 1996/97–2005/06 among part- domicile, 1996/97 time postgraduates in higher education institutions, split 54 Table 29 Students by world region of between research and taught domicile, 1999/2000 degree aims 55 Table 30 Students by world region of 44 Table 11 Cross-border flows: full-time UK- domicile, 2005/06 domiciled students, 1996/97 Index of charts 44 Table 12 Cross border flows: full-time UK- 42 Chart 1 Percentage change in student domiciled students, 1999/2000 numbers, 1996/97–2005/06 44 Table 13 Cross-border flows: full-time UK- 53 Chart 2 Percentage of young entrants domiciled students, 2005/06 from state schools and colleges to 45 Table 14 Percentage of academic staff in full-time undergraduate courses major cost centres, 1996/97 through UCAS 45 Table 15 Percentage of academic staff in 53 Chart 3 Percentage of young entrants major cost centres, 1999/2000 from lower socio-economic groups to full-time undergraduate 46 Table 16 Percentage of academic staff in courses through UCAS major cost centres, 2005/06 54 Chart 4 Percentage of young entrants 46 Table 17 Research grants and contracts: from ‘low participation research councils neighbourhoods’ to full-time 47 Table 18 Research grants and contracts: undergraduate courses through charities UCAS 47 Table 19 Research grants and contracts: UK industry and commerce Universities UK Devolution and higher education 3 43723 UniUK Devolution 12/11/08 13:04 Page 4 4 43723 UniUK Devolution 12/11/08 13:04 Page 5 Preface Devolution to Scotland, Wales and Section 6 looks in detail at how research funding (intermittently) Northern Ireland was one of the is allocated territorially, the Research major constitutional reforms initiated by the new Assessment Exercise (RAE), research Labour Government when it took office in 1997. collaboration and pooling, governance This was largely a political project, and one of arrangements and the broader implications of devolution’s key successes was largely to halt, at these issues. Section 7 explores financial issues least for a while, political debates about the – particularly looking at the systems of student position of Scotland (and to a lesser degree funding and their implications for institutions Wales) in the Union, which had bedevilled and the higher education sector in each part of Conservative governments in the 1980s and the UK. Section 8 draws conclusions for the 1990s. development of higher education across the UK as a result of devolution. At an administrative level, devolution bedded in with remarkable ease and remarkable speed. Throughout, the aim has been to give a Consequently, the lack of obvious signs of a comparative picture of policy developments in transition – and the lack of disputes about the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom, devolution, particularly between the government and to try to identify policy issues that arise, of the UK and the devolved administrations – either from the different approaches pursued in meant that the view spread that devolution was a different parts of the country or from the ‘done deal’, a reform that was completed leaving interaction of the different policies each no further issues. Certainly, that was the view in government is pursuing. In this sense, this is not 10 Downing Street for much of last five years. an ‘academic’ piece of work. It does not seek to make any contribution to theoretical debates, That view would not be shared by many involved but it does seek to analyse and understand with making or implementing public policy in higher education policy as it has developed over almost any domestic policy sector and in any the last eight years or so. In order to do this, it part of the UK. Devolution has created a range of has been necessary to summarise and compress anomalies, discrepancies and complexities in a large body of material – including that from almost every sector. background papers prepared by Nigel Brown and This report will explore the implications of Brian Ramsden of Nigel Brown Associates, John devolution for higher education. Section 1, the Fitz of Cardiff University, Jim Gallacher of introduction, summarises the institutional Glasgow Caledonian University, Jim Gallagher of framework of devolution, how intergovernmental the University of Glasgow, and Bob Osborne of relations work, discusses its implications and the University of Ulster. On any particular topic, it effects for Westminster and Whitehall in general would be possible to write a discussion itself the terms, and discusses the political situation and length of this report, and inevitably this means its policy implications as it has developed during that there has been a loss of detail and precision 2007. Section 2 sketches, in broad and general in order to gain the broader perspective that terms, the key features of higher education policy-makers will find most useful. I apologise policy in each of England, Scotland, Wales and to anyone who feels that their territory or their Northern Ireland. It aims to enable readers to work has been slighted or mistreated in this compare the systems and their overall process, and to readers who feel that the report approaches, and to put into context some of the does not supply the level of detail they would more specific policy issues discussed later.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scotlands Mountains: Key Issues for Their Future Management
    Scotland’s Mountains: Key Issues for their Future Management Martin F. Price, Benjamin J. Dixon, Charles R. Warren and Andrew R. Macpherson This report should be cited as follows: Price, Martin F., Dixon, Benjamin J., Warren, Charles R. & Macpherson Andrew R. (2002). Scotland’s Mountains: Key Issues for their Future Management. Scottish Natural Heritage, Battleby. ISSN 1350-3111 This report or any part of it should not be reproduced without the permission of Scottish Natural Heritage and M.F. Price which will not be unreasonably withheld. Scotland’s Mountains: Key Issues for their Future Management Foreword As a contribution to the International Year of Mountains (IYM), 2002, Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) is pleased to publish this overview of the conservation and management needs of Scotland’s mountain areas. This is a detailed account of many activities undertaken under the auspices of the IYM. The report is distinctive in at least two regards. First, it is based to a large extent on interviews with specialists, advisors, policy makers, politicians and many others; this provides a freshness and sharpness to the content of the report. Second, it comes from external, academic sources; the authors are based at the Centre for Mountain Studies at Perth College (an academic partner of the UHI Millennium Institute), Imperial College, and at the Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews. For the first time in Scotland, we have a comprehensive analysis of information and experience across mountain land use, conservation and the local economy, notably from a sustainable stance. Indeed, the consideration of sustainable mountain development issues provides a clear analysis of integrated approaches to caring for mountain areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Embeddedness of UK Devolution Finance Within the Public Expenditure System
    Regional Studies, Vol. 39.4, pp. 495–518, June 2005 Embeddedness of UK Devolution Finance within the Public Expenditure System DAVID HEALD* and ALASDAIR MCLEOD† *Management School, University of Sheffield, 9 Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 4DT, UK. Email: [email protected] † formerly Centre for Regional Public Finance, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3QY, UK. Email: [email protected] (Received March 2004: in revised form February 2005) H D. and ML A. (2005) Embeddedness of UK devolution finance within the public expenditure system, Regional Studies 39, 495–518. Before devolved government was established in 1999 in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, it was expected that the financing system would become more transparent. In fact, greater transparency about process (i.e. the rules) has not yet been matched by transparency about the numerical operation of a key element in the system, namely the Barnett formula, which regulates the budget envelopes of the devolved administrations. This paper tracks the numerical implementation of the Barnett formula since devolution in order to deepen understanding of how devolution finance is embedded within the UK’s public expenditure planning system. Accordingly, data are provided showing the generation of formula consequences for Scotland in each of the UK Spending Reviews 2000, 2002 and 2004. This cannot yet be done for Wales or Northern Ireland because the necessary data are not in the public domain. Then, for all three devolved administrations, the paper chain-links their ‘Departmental Expenditure Limits’ from one Spending Review to the next. These changes are systematically analysed into six analytical categories developed for the purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Disability in Scotland a Baseline Study
    Disability Rights Commission Disability in Scotland A Baseline Study Sheila Riddell and Pauline Banks A report prepared for the Disability Rights Commission Scotland Office by the Strathclyde Centre for Disability Research, University of Glasgow, June 2001 The Disability Rights Commission The Disability Rights Commission (DRC) is an independent body, established by Act of Parliament to eliminate the discrimination faced by disabled people and promote equality of opportunity. When disabled people participate - as citizens, customers and employees - everyone benefits. So we have set ourselves the goal of “a society where all disabled people can participate fully as equal citizens”. We work with disabled people and their organisations, the business community, Government and public sector agencies to achieve practical solutions that are effective for employers, service providers and disabled people alike. There are roughly 8.5 million disabled people in Britain - one in seven of the population. This covers people with epilepsy, cancer, schizophrenia, Down’s syndrome and many other types of impairment. Under the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), many legal rights and obligations affecting disabled people’s access to services and employment are already in force. Others become law in 2004. Many people are still not aware that they have many new rights. And employers and service providers are often unsure how to implement “best practice” to make it easier for disabled people to use their services or gain employment. The DRC has offices in England, Scotland and Wales. We are here to assist and advise through our Helpline, Disability Conciliation Service, the Casework, Legal, and Practice Development Teams, publications, research and policy work.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Review of Goose Management Policy in Scotland REVISED VERSION OCTOBER 2010
    2010 Review of Goose Management Policy in Scotland REVISED VERSION OCTOBER 2010 2010 Review of Goose Management Policy in Scotland Authors Bob Crabtree,1 Liz Humphreys, 2 Andrew Moxey3 & Chris Wernham2 1 CJC Consulting, 45 Southmoor Road, Oxford, OX2 6RF ([email protected]) 2 BTO Scotland, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA ([email protected]) 3 Pareto Consulting, 29 Redford Avenue, Edinburgh, EH13 0BX ([email protected]) A report to the Scottish Government October 2010 ©British Trust for Ornithology BTO Scotland School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Room 3A120/125, Cottrell Building, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Registered Charity No. SC039193 1 REVISED VERSION OCTOBER 2010 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ 17 ACRONYMS USED IN TEXT ................................................................................... 19 SCIENTIFIC NAMES FOR GOOSE SPECIES AND POPULATIONS IN SCOTLAND ................................................................................................................................. 21 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 22 1.1 Background to current Scottish Goose Management Policy and Structure ...................... 22 1.2 Policy drivers and the need for review .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Hazell and Paul Jervis
    Nuffield Trust Series No. 3 Robert Hazell and Paul Jervis Introduction by John Wyn Owen Published by The Nuffield Trust 59 New Cavendish Street London W1M 7RD The Constitution Unit School of Public Policy Brook House 2-16 Torrington Place London WC1E 7HN ISBN 1 902089 11 1 © Nuffield Trust 1998 The Constitution Unit 1998 Publications Committee Sir Derek Mitchell KCB, CVO Professor John Ledingham DM, FRCP Mr John Wyn Owen CB CONTENTS Page Summary of Key Points 12 Chapter One Introduction: Purpose and scope of this report 18 Chapter Two The relationship between health and healthcare 24 Better health or better healthcare? Variations in health status; reasons and policy implications Health inequalities in Scotland, Wales and England Mortality and morbidity rates in England, Scotland and Wales 1995 Chapter Three The Government's devolution proposals 31 Scotland and Wales Regional Government in England Strategic Authority for London Northern Ireland Chapter Four Health and healthcare policies: The scope for variation in Scotland and Wales 38 Governance arrangements for the health services Service specification and the organisation of service delivery The scope for greater variation Policy objectives for the NHS The funding of health Chapter Five Health policy and management processes: the Labour Government's agenda 49 The health White Papers and the public health Green Papers Replacing the Internal Market - The Scottish proposals Replacing the Internal Market - The Welsh Proposals Replacing the Internal Market - The English Proposals CONTENTS
    [Show full text]