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of 2010to Tamuz -Av 5770 July2010

Volume IX No.10 21 I 5689 - 25 Sivan 5770 (March 3, 1929 - June, 7, 2010)

Yehuda Azoulay

t was 1951, when a wealthy student and said, “This man wants you to community leader from New York, come serve as rabbi in New York.” Mr. Isaac Shalom, approached the At that time, the young rabbi was teaching Rosh of Porat Yosef, Hacham for an hour and a half in the morning in IEzra Attia, seeking to bring another rabbi a Talmud before returning to his to his community. The studies in the Yeshiva. After hearing the immediately summoned his finest prospect offer, he said, “Let me remain in for for the position. five years so that I can master the entire When he arrived, Hacham Ezra turned , Tur and Shulhan Aruch in preparation to the visitor and said, “This young man for the position. During this time I will is proficient in all topics in the Torah. He dedicate all my efforts to studying, I only will respond in any area you choose to ask for a stipend equal to the salary I will question him.” give up from my job at the Talmud Torah. Mr. Shalom looked at the young rabbi – a Then, in five years I will be ready to come mere 22 years old – and asked “Is it so?” to your city.” “Are you questioning the word of the Because of the urgent nature of the Rosh Yeshiva?!” the talmid hacham asked position to be filled, Mr. Shalom could not disbelievingly. accommodate the young rabbi’s request Impressed with the young scholar’s to wait five years. But he was determined instincts, Mr. Shalom proceeded to test him to persuade the rabbi to accept the post and found his knowledge both deep and immediately and offered a very generous vast. Then Hacham Ezra Attia turned to his salary, comfortable living arrangements and

Hacham Mordechai giving a class in his youth at Yeshivat Porat Yosef following Israel's War of The great Kabbalist Hacham Salman Eliyahu Rabbi Aryeh Levine making a blessing at the wedding of Hacham Independence when the yeshiva was moved to temporary quarters at the Sofiyof synagogue. father of Hacham Mordechai. Mordechai. On the right Hacham Shalom Azoulay and on the left Pictured: Hacham , Hacham Shelomo Ben Shimon, Hacham Sason Rassabi, Rabbi Pinhas Epstein Hacham Eliyahu Cohen-Zangi, Hacham David Kadouri, Hacham Shemuel Sharabani, Hacham Yehuda Sadka, Hacham Edmon Shayo, Hacham David Shabili

34 Community Magazine From left to right, Hacham , Hacham Yaakov Mussafi Hacham Salman Hougi Aboudi, Hacham Yehoshua Sharabani, Hacham Moshe Sharabani shelita more if the rabbi would agree to continue years, and is reflected both in his personal When he was twenty-four years old, his studies in New York. In spite of his customs as well as in his halachic rulings. Hacham Mordechai married Rabbanit Svia background of dire poverty and having been After Hacham Salman’s death, Hacham Hana, the daughter of Hacham Nissim orphaned from his father at a young age, Mordechai’s righteous mother decided that David Ezran, his teacher in Porat Yosef. the young scholar could not be swayed by her gifted son must continue along the Hacham Mordechai studied in the bet the kind material offer. Finally, seeing how path of Torah he had been following since midrash (study hall) for and dayanim strong his desire was to continue growing in he was born, and she ensured that his life (rabbinic judges) led by the Rishon LeSion, Torah, the Rosh Yeshiva accepted the young would be dedicated to Torah. With her Hacham Yizhak Nissim. He scholar’s decision to decline the position. encouragement, he devoted himself to his excelled on all his exams, and at the age The wisdom of this decision would studies with remarkable diligence. Upon of 28, Hacham Mordechai Eliyahu was become evident to all some three decades reaching the age of bar missva, he joined the appointed as the youngest rabbinical judge later when, in 1983 this Jewish sage, known prestigious Yeshivat Porat Yosef, which was in Israel. to us as Hacham Mordechai Eliyahu, near his home. As a student, he displayed succeeded Hacham shelita, exceptional talents and diligence, sitting sheyibadel lehaim tovim ve’arukim, to in his usual corner in the yeshiva from the A Career of become the Chief Rabbi of Israel. early morning hours until very late at night. He quickly became a beloved disciple of the Religious Leadership Rosh Yeshiva, Hacham Ezra Attia. His career in the Israeli Rabbinate began A Child Prodigy Hacham Mordechai spent night and day in Beer Sheva, which at that time was a Rabbi Mordechai Semach Eliyahu, z.s.l., engrossed in Torah and serving the great remote, southern village. Hacham Eliyahu’s was born to Hacham Salman and Mazal job entailed numerous responsibilities, and th sages of his time, including Hacham Ezra Eliyahu on 21 Adar, 5689 (March, 12 , Attia (1885 – 1970), and Hacham Sadka yet he extended even beyond his assigned 1929) in the of . His Hussin (1876 – 1961), one of the greatest role, expanding the work of the Bet Din, father was one of the greatest mekubalim Torah leaders in Jerusalem. He was also specifically with regard to abandoned (kabbalists) in Jerusalem, and his mother very close to the Hazon Ish (Rabbi Avraham wives and other complex issues. He was was renowned for her charity and kindness, Yeshaya Karelitz 1878- 1953), and spent extremely sensitive to the plights of the and for helping her husband achieve his much time serving him and learning from downtrodden Sephardic Jews in those lofty stature of spiritual greatness. his ways. areas who were, by and large, poverty In spite of their grinding poverty, the house stricken and neglected by the government. was filled with Torah. Young Mordechai Due to their difficult situations Hacham grew up in one small room together with Going Out to the People Eliyahu tried his utmost to find lenient his brothers and sisters. Their parents raised Hacham Mordechai came of age during halachic rulings that would ease their them in accordance with the teachings and the genesis of the State of Israel. He, like situations. customs of Rabbenu Yosef Haim ben Eliyahu many people at that time, felt that the Several years later, a job became of Baghdad – the Ben Ish Hai (1833-1909), manners and behaviors adopted at that time available in the Jerusalem district Bet Din. who was a relative of Rabbanit Mazal. The would set the tone for the future of the The rabbis of Jerusalem were familiar family’s financial hardship and cramped country. As a young student, he decided to with Hacham Mordechai from his years quarters did not deter young Eliyahu from do his part in injecting spiritual substance living there, and invited him to fill the devoting himself to Torah, and he was often into the fledgling State. Along with his position. He held that job for several years found learning by the light of a candle beside learning, he traveled daily to far-flung until he was appointed to the Bet Din a table – or even under it. settlements with his friend, Rabbi Shabtai Hagadol. During these years, he nurtured Hacham Salman passed away at a Yudelevitch, and they would each deliver a a connection with the general public. They young age, when Hacham Mordechai lecture. Hacham Mordechai taught halacha saw him not only as a (halachic was just 11 years old, but not before he (Jewish law), and Rabbi Shabtai taught authority), but as someone with the ability succeeded in instilling in his son some aggada (rabbinic homilies). The young to solve any problem, be it halachic, of his extraordinary piety and love of scholars also joined forces in the struggle personal, or emotional. Gradually, Hacham Torah, as well as a special devotion to the for an alternative to the drafting of girls into Mordechai’s relationship to the general hidden areas of Torah. Hacham Eliyahu’s the Israeli army, and against the sale of pork public grew to include even the most far- connection to developed over the in Jewish cities. flung places in the world.

36 Community Magazine Hacham Yehoshua Sharbani (right) and Hacham Moderchai Eliyahu in his younger years With Hacham Yosef Ades and Hacham Ben-Sion Abba Shaul

There are different types of Torah leaders. of the same. In dispensing advice and Some dedicate their lives to learning Torah rendering halachic decisions, Hacham and do not interact much with the public. Mordechai would combine practical logic Others dedicate their lives to helping the and worldly knowledge together with his public, leaving them very little time for vast Torah wisdom and understanding. By Torah learning. With Hacham Mordechai, viewing the entire picture, he rendered however, it all came together. He acquired halachic decisions that would bolster Torah mastery over all areas of Torah, even observance – even in light of the unique while tending to communal matters on a challenges and needs of the generation. daily basis. For him, Torah learning and His decisions in halacha are recorded responsibility to the community were one in many sefarim (holy books), including and the same. This rare fusion of first the volumes that he personally authored: rate Torah scholarship with tireless public Sefer Halacha, Darchei Tahara, Kissur service is an inspiring example of true Shulhan Aruch, Sefer Hahagim, Maamar greatness. Mordechai, Imrei Mordechai, Hilchot With Hacham Yizhak Kadouri Despite his intensive involvement in Berachot, and others. Many more sefarim, public affairs, he never officially aligned including his responsa, are in the process himself with any political party. He of being published. A large portion of did this to ensure that people from all his halachic rulings can be found in the streams would feel comfortable seeking archives of the Israeli Rabbinate. his assistance and guidance. He regularly Hacham Mordechai consistently emphasized the importance of encouraging followed the views of the Ben Ish Hai, all people to continue the good deeds they who advocated combining the rulings of perform, rather than criticizing them for the Shulhan Aruch with the practices of the their mistakes. great Kabbalist, the Arizal, whose customs During Rabbi Eliyahu’s term as Chief were accepted and followed by the Jews Rabbi he focused strongly on providing of Israel. In addressing new questions that secular Jews with a basic understanding arose after the establishment of the Jewish of . He would travel to their State, Hacham Mordechai showed how the moshavim (settlements) and kibbussim rulings of the Ben Ish Hai can be applied (collective communities) to lecture and to modern day halachic issues. Thus, the The  blessing Hacham Mordechai upon reach out to them. halachic approach forged by the Ben Ish his appointment to the post of Chief Rabbi. Hai and the Arizal was perpetuated through Everyman’s Posek the decisions of Hacham Mordechai. The result of his non-political stance was evident in the wide array of people who Divine Protection passed through the bureau of the Chief Rabbi during his tenure from 1983-1993. From Sin People from all walks of life and from all Hacham Mordechai delivered lectures levels of society could regularly be seen in halacha and aggada in kollelim all over entering and exiting the Rabbinate offices: Israel. Once, as he delivered a in a Bet Din judges, Roshei Yeshivot, communal certain kollel in Jerusalem, he became very rabbis from the Diaspora, doctors, secular enthusiastic and animated, gesturing and childless couples and dejected individuals. waving his arms as he clarified important His fax machine was constantly humming points. A student prepared a cup of tea for with halachic questions coming in from the rabbi and placed it on the table in front all over the world, and the telephone of him. The rabbi acknowledged the favor With Hacham Shalom Messas rang at all hours of the day with more with a nod and continued speaking. As he

Tamuz - AV 5770 juLY 2010 37 At a meeting with Esther Pollard (wife of ) and Prime Minister Binyamin Dancing at Kever Rahel with Ession Division Commander, Colonel Nadav Padan Netanyahu. Hacham Mordechai was among Pollard’s most vocal advocates. motioned with his arm, his sleeve knocked the courtroom. However, we never knew “Plead to the dayanim?” the woman over the cup and the tea spilled. Another the wording of the prayer – until just two asked, “I pray to Hashem, not to dayanim!” tea was quickly prepared and placed a bit hours before the burial, when I found a Rabbi Eliyahu immediately took up further away on the table, but again the note in his wallet with the prayer.” (See her case. He took all her papers and rabbi knocked it over with his arm. below for the text the prayer.) went to Hacham Yisrael Abuchassera (the “It’s alright” he said, “I don’t need to Rabbi Zafrani then proceeded to describe Baba Sali), who told him that his brother, drink.” an amazing “rescue” witnessed by Hacham the Baba Haki, a leading rabbi in the The students nevertheless prepared a Mordechai – which the latter attributed to Israeli city of Ramle, was familiar with third cup, but it met the same fate as its the power of prayer, both his own and that the officials involved in Jewish burials in predecessors. This time, the rabbi stopped of others. Morocco. the shiur and said, “If it happened three When Rabbi Eliyahu first became a Rabbi Eliyahu traveled to Ramle to times, there must be a lesson to be learned.” dayan in Be’er Sheva, in 1957, his was the speak with the Baba Haki, who informed He turned to the one who had brought the only rabbinical court in the entire Negev him that there were only two Jewish tea and asked how he had prepared it. “In the region. On his first day on the job, he saw kavranim (people involved in burials) in usual manner,” he replied. “I boiled water in a woman standing outside, praying from Morocco, both of whom had come to the teapot and made tea.” a small Book of Psalms. She remained Israel. One lived in the southern town of “What is this pot generally used for?” the outside all day. This repeated itself the next Dimona, and the other in Kiryat Ata, near rabbi inquired. day, and then for several days thereafter. the port city of Haifa in Northern Israel. “The avreichim [kollel students] use it Finally, he asked the court secretary to ask “I live in the south,” Hacham Mordechai only to prepare their tea and coffee.” the woman to come inside. He asked her figured, “so I might as well go to Dimona.” “Does anyone else use it?” why she stood outside and prayed all day, He went to the address given to him by the Suddenly, one of the avreichim stood up and she related in all innocence, “I moved Baba Haki – only to find that the man’s and called out, “Yes, yes! There is a gentile to Israel from Morocco by myself, and family was sitting shiva for him. He had who cleans up here, a foreign worker from they sent me to Be’er Sheva. I asked where died just a few days earlier. Romania. Some mornings he cooks an egg the closest rabbinical court was, I was told Rabbi Eliyahu, though disappointed, for himself in the pot.” it was here, and so here I am.” went inside, shared some words of Torah Everything became perfectly clear. The “What are you praying for?” the rabbi and solace with the grieving family and rabbi was very stringent with regard to the asked. friends, and explained why he was there. law of bishul akum (the prohibition against “My husband,” the woman explained, Immediately, a man jumped up and said, “I eating food cooked by a non-Jew), and “was a taxi driver in Morocco. A week after am the other kavran, and I know the story! he would not use a utensil with which a we were married, at the end of the Sheva I was the one who buried the taxi driver!” gentile had cooked.1 The three spilled cups Berachot [the week of wedding festivities], Rabbi Eliyahu asked him to accompany of tea were Hashem’s Divine providence his taxi was completely destroyed in a come him to other rabbis, who questioned protecting the rabbi from violating his ruling. terrible accident. He was killed, but his him and determined that his testimony body was not recovered. After a while, I was acceptable. Rabbi Eliyahu convened went to the rabbis to be declared a widow the rabbinical court, and the woman was The Judge’s Prayer so that I could remarry, but they said that declared “unchained” and permitted to In an interview with Israel National without a body, they could not be certain remarry. News, Rabbi Shmuel Zafrani, a close that he was dead – and so I remained an “This is the power of prayer,” Rabbi student of Hacham Mordechai, told of a aguna (a ‘chained’ woman who is unable Eliyahu later said, “both hers and mine.” major discovery that was made just before to remarry). But when I came to Israel, I The following is a translation of the the rabbi’s burial. As the youngest dayan had faith that what the rabbinical courts in prayer composed and recited daily by (rabbinical court judge) ever elected, he Morocco could not accomplish, the courts Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu before entering explained, Hacham Mordechai “felt very in Israel would be able to do.” the rabbinical courtroom: strongly the heavy responsibility that “So why did you remain outside the “Master of the Universe, it is revealed and weighed upon him, and so it became court?” Rabbi Eliyahu asked, “Why didn’t known before You that it was not my idea to known that he composed a prayer that he you come in to plead your case to the stand and serve Your holy nation, to judge would recite every day before entering dayanim?” and teach. I well know my small worth. I 1 Shulan Aruch – Yoreh Deah, 113:16.

38 Community Magazine At a meeting with US President Ronald Reagan At the Azkara for Edmund Safra, with philanthropists Mr. Joseph Safra on the right and Mr. Moshe Safra on the left. did not seek to do what is beyond me, but “It has many crosses,” Hacham Mordechai problems.” The pregnant woman wept my rabbis instructed me to take this path, added. With this, Rabbi Zafarani was taken bitterly, feeling that she would not be able and this is how You arranged matters… Your aback. The sage then added in writing, “Five to raise a child with such a serious defect. wisdom has decreed that I serve the holy minutes ago,” compounding his disciple’s She went to Rabbi Eliyahu, and he told her, nation, teaching and judging… But trembling confusion. Finally, Hacham Mordechai “I promise that all the girls will be fine, and has overtaken me, fear and shaking have pointed a finger toward the dividing curtain in if something is not fine, bring them to me. I come over me, regarding the terrible danger the recovery area. only have one daughter…” Several months that faces me and the vast abyss that is open Rabbi Zafrani went over to a nurse and later, she gave birth to perfectly healthy before me… asked if there was a patient with crosses. girls. The doctors were in disbelief. I have trust in Your vast mercies… for You She shook her head. Faithful to his rabbi’s are He Who hears prayer. Please G-d, have instincts, he continued to ask who else was in The Righteous compassion on all those who sit in justice, the ward. and especially upon me, your servant, son “An Arab woman,” she said, adding that Decrees and Gd Fulfills of Your handmaid, Mordechai ben Mazal. there was some “witch” who had come to After Hacham Mordechai’s passing, Have mercy on me and give me a heart that visit her. Mr. David Vazana, a neighbor of the hears, as well as knowledge to understand “Did she bring crosses with her?” he asked. Eliyahu family and the head of the Bank and judge Your people… “I imagine not.” of Israel Employees Union, said that, “As Grant us wisdom, and let us not rule “But the rabbi knows what he is saying,” a neighbor, I saw how people would come ‘impure’ that which is ‘pure,’ nor on that Rabbi Zafrani insisted. to his home at all hours of the day, from all which is ‘permitted’ shall we say ‘forbidden,’ They went over to the visitor and, after walks of life and of all different types, with nor shall we deem guilty he who is innocent some inquiries, learned that she had several questions and requests and problems – and - and vice versa. Save us from all errors, crosses in her handbag. Only then did Rabbi he would receive all of them happily and and let my heart be strong, and allow me Zafrani understand that “the white tallit” graciously.” to rebuke those who oppress others; let us referred to that woman, based on Kabbalistic Mr. Vanza described how, “there were so not be tempted to ignore injustice, and give terminology. many times when we saw the fulfillment of us the merit to correct that which needs to Rabbi Zafrani politely asked if she could the Talmud’s words, ‘The righteous man be corrected, institute new regulations and remove them. “There is a holy man here who decrees and Gd fulfills.’ Once, the son of directives when necessary, and to teach sensed their presence and it disturbs him,” he one of the employees at Bank of Israel Torah, so that the Name of Heaven be explained. The woman left. was critically wounded in a car accident, sanctified by us. Let the people respect Rabbi Zafrani returned to tell Hacham and was unconscious in Hadassah Ein and fear us, and let us remain far from Mordechai Eliyahu that the woman left, but Kerem Hospital. We came to the rabbi, arrogance, anger and pettiness…” when he entered the room, he saw that the telling him that the doctors said he has hacham had already sensed her departure. only a few hours left. The rabbi waved his Ruah Hakodesh hand in dismissal and said to do a kapara [atonement] with money for charity, and (Divine Inspiration) The Beracha for Triplets that if he still doesn’t open his eyes, they A year and a half ago on Succot, when Rabbanit Sivia Eliyahu, Hacham should do the same with a chicken. We Hacham Mordechai awoke after undergoing Mordechai’s wife, and their daughter, spoke did the first, and the boy started to move surgery, he was unable to speak. He began to about their correspondence with the hacham his arms and legs. The doctors happened communicate by writing notes. His first note, a during his stay in the hospital toward the to be there and said, ‘It’s nothing, just his request for water seemed appropriate enough. end of his life, and the messages that he last-minute palpitations before death.’ We But then he quickly added, “They’ve brought related to them. One remarkable incident went back to the rabbi, and he said we here a ‘white covering,’ a tallit cover.” involved a woman who had conceived with must immediately do the kapara with a Rabbi Zafrani, Hacham Mordechai’s closest triplets. The doctors told her that since two chicken. We did that, and the boy opened shamash (assistant), who was attending to daughters were sharing the same placenta, his eyes the next day... He later made a him, indicated that he didn’t understand. The one was taking strength from the other, full recovery and was even able to enlist in rabbi underlined the word “here” on the note. and therefore, one or both of the girls the Israeli army… There were many other Rabbi Zafrani, however, was still confused. will, in the doctors’ words, have “serious stories like this, as well.”

Tamuz - AV 5770 juLY 2010 39 Hacham Mordechai's funeral was attended by over 100,000 people.. The letter that Rabbi Shmuel Zafrani found in Hacham Mordechai's pocket Suffering for idolatrous king] Ahav, they worshipped time of sorrow. The eulogies were short, idols, but because there was no baseless as the family was determined to complete the Jewish People hatred, there was no war for 40 years. the burial before midnight, in accordance Hacham Mordechai’s wife recalled an Because there was unity in Am Yisrael, there with the rabbi’s wishes that the burial not instance when, while in poor health himself, was no war. So we should be concerned be delayed. the rabbi gave a blessing to a man who that everyone should accept this upon was deathly ill. She turned to Hacham themselves.” The Mashiah Watch Mordechai and asked, “There, is someone “The community has an important job,” Hacham Mordechai left us, not only with who looks like he… is on his way to the explained the rabbanit during her husband’s a wealth of valuable Jewish works and a next world, while you, by contrast, look illness. “The rabbi will not nullify what he family of Torah scholars who are following healthy, but could also use a recovery. Why took upon himself. He suffers because of in his footsteps, but also with a powerful don’t you pray for yourself?!” Kelal Yisrael and Kelal Yisrael needs to sense of hope. Israel’s Channel 1 Television “No, no,” the hacham replied. “I need to act for him. He told me explicitly, ‘I will News aired a short piece regarding the annul the gezeirot (harsh decrees against not pray [for my recovery]; the community “Mashiah Watch,” explaining that Baba the Jewish people).” He explained that his should pray.’” Baruch Abuchassera had a dream, in which illness served as a kapara (atonement) for his father, the Baba Sali, instructed him to the Jewish nation.2 The Jewish Nation give Hacham Mordechai a special watch. The next day, a ship with 500 grad He said that when the hands are on 12:00, missiles being smuggled in for Palestinian Loses a Leader Mashiah will arrive. terrorists was discovered and captured by th On Monday, 25 Sivan (June 7 ) Hacham In an interview given over two years ago, the Israeli navy. Mordechai’s soul departed this world, Rabbi Eliyahu commented, “I don’t touch During his illness, the rabbanit further representing an incalculable loss to the the watch. I am afraid to open it. It remains recalled how she pleaded with the hacham Jewish people. Rabbi , by me untouched.” to pray for his own recovery. “When I told Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Israel, spoke The dream first spoke of a gold watch, him, ‘Enough! Get out of this situation! You to shortly before the then a silver one. The time on the watch could free yourself!’ he signaled ‘no’ with funeral: “This is a huge loss to the Torah was originally 3:00, and at the time of the his hand and whispered, ‘Thousands could world and the rabbinate. Rabbi Mordechai interview, the time was 11:45. be killed, thousands could be killed.’” Eliyahu was a pillar of Israel’s Chief The rabbi explained that the hour “I asked him, ‘Maybe all this suffering Rabbinate. He started off as the country’s indicates that the redemption is underway. is because of me, maybe because of the youngest rabbinical judge, and worked He added that the gold watch is underneath children or the grandchildren, or someone his way up to the High Rabbinical Court the silver watch, and silver represents in the family did something [wrong]?!’” through his greatness in Torah, from where rahamim (mercy) whereas gold is din “He responded, ‘Ribono Shel Olam! No, he was appointed Sephardic Chief Rabbi of (judgment). “I wanted the silver to be on no, because of Kelal Yisrael.’ I asked him, Israel. I owe him a personal debt; I received top so HaKadosh Baruch Hu should ensure ‘At least you could tell me what this process so much from him. He was unrivalled that the redemption will be rapid.” will bring?’ He wrote, ‘Mashiah.’” in his human relations, loved by all, and “We must believe that Mashiah will “‘Nu, when?’ I wrote this three times but Jews of all types – Hassidim, Lithuanians, come, and through our ma’asim tovim the rabbi did not answer me. I asked, ‘What Settlers, Ashkenazim and Sephardim – (good deeds), he will come even sooner!” do we need to do?’” would convene in his house to hear Torah “The Rabbi wrote, ‘Teshuvah.’” from him.” “I asked, ‘For what?’ The rabbi answered Yehuda Azoulay is the author of A Over 100,000 people came from near and Legacy of Leaders, a groundbreaking by citing the verse, ‘Ve’ahavta lere’acha far to pay respects to this outstanding Torah English series containing biographies kamocha – Love your fellow as yourself.’ personality, one whose prominence crossed and stories of Sephardic hachamim. What is hurtful to you – do not do to the religious and social lines that divide us, your friend. Even during the time of [the as evidenced by the cross-section of Jews More information and articles can who felt pained by the loss and wanted to be found on the website: www. 2 In an interview with the give respect and join the mourners in their SephardicLegacy.com weekly, Ma’ayenei Hayeshuah.

40 Community Magazine