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The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research Volume 12 Article 6 2010 The Death and Resurrection: Necessary for Salvation? Thomas Whalen St. John Fisher College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/ur Part of the Religion Commons How has open access to Fisher Digital Publications benefited ou?y Recommended Citation Whalen, Thomas. "The Death and Resurrection: Necessary for Salvation?." The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research 12 (2010): 15-22. Web. [date of access]. <https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/ur/ vol12/iss1/6>. This document is posted at https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/ur/vol12/iss1/6 and is brought to you for free and open access by Fisher Digital Publications at St. John Fisher College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Death and Resurrection: Necessary for Salvation? Abstract In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper. Salvation comes through Jesus Christ, but what does that truly mean? Since the death of Christ, people have been pondering this ultimate question. Whether it has been a personal journey to understand the risen Christ, or if it has been a professional career, all Christians have tried to deepen their understanding of true mystery of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. Due to these various inquiries, there have been numerous hypotheses and theories concerning the Resurrection, and in turn sheds light on who God is, who Jesus was, and the meaning of it all. The death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ is central to Christians and their Salvation; however, there are many different definitions and/or analyses of these two events. Some theologians say the death on the cross was sufficient for our Salvation. This analysis will not only point out the various outlooks of the death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ, but it will also discuss the reasons why we do need the Resurrection to fully receive eternal relationship with God. This article is available in The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/ur/ vol12/iss1/6 Whalen: The Death and Resurrection The Death and Resurrection: Necessary for attention. These four arguments see the cross as Salvation sacrifice, victory, forgiveness, and as a moral Thomas Whalen example, respectively. Understanding the cross will better our understanding of the Resurrection. Salvation comes through Jesus Christ, but what does that truly mean? Since the death of Christ's death as sacrifice Christ, people have been pondering this ultimate In ancient Israel, one of the main aspects of question. Whether it has been a personal journey to Jewish customs was ritual sacrifice. There were understand the risen Christ, or if it has been a sacrificial rituals occurring every day. The Jewish professional career, all Christians have tried to Temple was viewed as a slaughterhouse where deepen their understanding of true mystery of the animals were sacrificed as an offering to God. For Resurrection of Jesus Christ. Due to these various example, on the most holy of holidays in the Jewish inquiries, there have been numerous hypotheses calendar, Yom Kippur, a lamb or goat was used for and theories concerning the Resurrection, and in the forgiveness of sins. The sins of the people were turn sheds light on who God is, who Jesus was, and "transferred" to the goat or lamb and subsequently the meaning of it all. The death and Resurrection of the goat or lamb was slaughtered. The death of the Jesus Christ is central to Christians and their people's sins was congruent with the death of the Salvation; however, there are many different goat or lamb. The term scapegoat derives from this definitions and/or analyses of these two events. special offering. Jesus Christ, in later times, would Some theologians say the death on the cross was be seen as parallel, although quite different, to the sufficient for our Salvation. This analysis will not scapegoat. only point out the various outlooks of the death and According to the Letter of the Hebrews, Resurrection of Jesus Christ, but it will also discuss most associated with St. Paul, the author speaks of the reasons why we do need the Resurrection to the sacrifice of Christ. The death of Christ is fully receive eternal relationship with God. compared here to the ritual sacrifice on the Day of We must, however, understand that our Atonement (as noted above): "he entered once for mortality and human nature limit our all into the Holy Place, not with the blood of goats comprehension of Christ's death and Resurrection. and calves, but with his own blood, thus obtaining Thomas McGovern speaks of this human eternal redemption" (Heb 9:12). Although the death inadequacy: "We have to remind ourselves when of Christ can be linked with the ritual sacrifice on dealing with these profound mysteries of the faith Yom Kippur, it is quite different in that Christ offered that we can only speak in analogical language, that himself as the sacrifice, not of goats, lambs, or our finite minds can only grasp in a very limited way calves. the full truth of a mystery such as the Resurrection" Alister McGrath sees this approach to Jesus' (McGovern 1). In other words, we must be humble death on the cross as a "perfect sacrifice." He in our speaking of anything that has to do with God. states, "the death of Jesus Christ as a sacrifice This of course includes anything that deals with presents Christ's sacrificial offering as an effective Jesus Christ, for "In the beginning...the Word was and perfect sacrifice, which was able to accomplish with God and the Word was God" (John 1:1). that which the sacrifices of the Old Testament were Understanding this, we shall now turn to the only able to intimate, rather than achieve" (McGrath historical theories of the cross to better understand 411). In other words, Christ's death is the ultimate the Resurrection, and in turn better understand our sacrifice, which need not be repeated. Athanasius Salvation. argues this point more when he states, "The sacrifices which were offered according to the Law were not trustworthy, since they had to be offered The Cross every day, and were again in need of purification. In The death of Jesus Christ on the cross is the contrast, the Savior's sacrifice was offered once only, climax of the central mystery of Salvation. Why did and was accomplished in its entirety" (Athanasius 9). Christ die? What was accomplished in Christ's The "sacrificial lamb" image is present here; death? How is it relevant today? These questions however, according to Athanasius, Christ's sacrifice have pondered theologians for centuries. There is permanent and ongoing, which is in contrast to have been many arguments on the meaning of Jesus' the sacrifices of the Old Testament. It is reasonable death on the cross; however, four warrant our to associate Jesus' death with a sacrificial lamb, but 15 Published by Fisher Digital Publications, 2010 1 The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research, Vol. 12 [2010], Art. 6 we must understand that Jesus' sacrifice was much a ransom needs to be paid to someone who is more substantial and would never need to be holding someone captive (McGrath 415). repeated. The patristic writers, such as Gregory the What happened when Jesus died on the Great took these related ideas and formed them into cross? Our sins were forgiven and we were made explanation of the death on the cross by Jesus Christ. righteous before God. St. Augustine, in City of God. Gregory the Great suggests that the devil is person speaks of this matter more clearly when stating "By to whom the ransom was to be paid, humanity was Jesus' death, which is indeed the one and most true the person held in captivity and the liberation or sacrifice offered for us, he purged, abolished, and ransom was the death on Christ on the cross. extinguished whatever guilt there was by which the Gregory also suggests that the devil had "acquired principalities and powers lawfully detained us to pay rights over fallen humanity, which God was obliged the penalty" (Augustine, Book 10, Ch. 20). Because to respect" (McGrath 415). Humanity had been of Christ's humble and complete sacrifice, the guilt taken captive and the only way to liberate us was of our sins is wiped away and in turn we are seen as the sacrifice of Christ being paid to the devil. honorable before God. Our being has been Gregory suggests the metaphor of the baited hook: transformed from eternal suffering and death to "Christ's humanity is the bait, and his divinity the eternal life and relationship with God. Protestant hook. The devil, like a great sea-monster, snaps at theologian John Pearson applies this transformation the bait—and then discovers, too late, the hook" more clearly: "The redemption or salvation with the (McGrath 416). Therefore, Jesus died like a human Messiah was to bring consisteth in the freeing of a and when the devil came to receive the body (which sinner from the state of sin and eternal death into a was his right), the devil forfeited his rights because state of righteousness and eternal life" (Pearson Jesus was also divine. This is a very controversial 348). image. It suggests that the devil has rights in which God must obey, which in turn, denies God's power Christ's death has been seen as a sacrifice over humanity and creation. It also suggests that the since his very death. The New Testament explicitly devil has power over God, which is idolatrous.
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