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3-2000 UA11/1 On Campus, Vol. 10, No. 1 WKU Public Affairs

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This Newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in WKU Archives Records by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ill- WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY

MAGAZINE FOR FACULTY, STAFF & FRIENDS OF WKU VOL. 10, NO.1' MARCH 2000

FEATURES

2 • From the Hill to the Capitol Alumni in the General Assembly By Fred Hensley 6 • Celebrating Black History Most people don't know the variety of contributions African Americans have made to our society By Kimberly Shain Parsley 9 • A Century of Excellence A celebration of WKU Libraries' 94-year history 12 • Looking to the Future The history of Women's History By Carla j o Siavey 14 • The Voices of Kentucky Feminists Professors publish women's poetry anthology By Carla jo Siavey 15 • New Energy for TVA Skyla Harris, WKU alumna, Director of TVA By jim Andrews On Campus is published monthly 16 • Class Acts for the Western community, Theatre in the classroom produced by the offices of By Margaret Curtis-Howe Communication and Publications in in the Division of Public Affairs. 19 • Knowlege the New Century December Commencement 1999 Send items to On Campus, Van Meter Hall room 21 I , 18 • Providing a Framework for Success or e-mail to [email protected] W. Edwards Deming's lessons for higher education or kimberly.parsley®Wku.edu By Aaron W Hughey Chi ef Public Affairs Officer: Fred Hensley, Division Head REGULARS Editor: Sheila Conway Eison, Director of University Communication Art Director: Tom Meacham, Inside front cover • Editor's Note Director of Publications As si stant Editor: Kimberly Shain 5 • News Briefs Parsley, Communication Specialist Contributing Writer: Carla)o Slavey 10 • Professional Activities Contributing Designers: Marcus Dukes, Senior Designer 11 • Cultural En hancement Committee Events Siggy Bragason Mondona Mahdavi Inside back cover • Coming Up Cover: Photo courtesy of the Legislative Research Commission Go v. Paul Patton (I) and Spea ker of the Ha use of Representatives Jody Richards (r) WKU ALUMNI IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY From the Hill to the Capitol

BY FRED HENSLEY

When the Kentucky General Assembly reconvened in early January, more than a dozen former students at Western Kentucky University accepted roles to guide Kentucky's lawmaking process. These individuals have been extremely helpful and supportive of Western. We are fortunate to have the counsel and encouragement of these, and the others in our local delegation, who see the success of the Com­ monwealth and the success of WKU as synonymous.

• On Campus - March, 2000 Six senators and six representa­ tives, and two of the state's constitu­ tional officers attended Western at the graduate or under graduate level. Western graduates in the Senate include David Boswell (D­ Owensboro), Glenn Freeman (D­ Cumberland), Alice Forgy Kerr (R-Lex­ ington), Vernie McGaha (R-Russell Springs), Richie Sanders (R -Franklin) and Elizabeth Tori (R-Ratcliff). House members from the Hill in­ clude Sheldon Baugh (R-Russellville), jim Gooch (D-Providence), Eleanor jordan (D-Louisville), Charles Miller (D-Louisville), Roger Thomas (D­ Smiths Grove), and jim Thompson (D­ Battletown) . In addition, Speaker of the House of Representatives jody Richards (D­ Bowling Green) is a former member of the WKU journalism faculty and served as advisor to The College Heights Herald, and Rep. Mike Weaver (D-Elizabethtown) is a former faculty member in military science. Lt. Gov. Steve Henry of Louisville and Agriculture Secretary Bill Ray Smith of Bowling Green, two of Kentucky's six elected constitutional officers, also hold degrees from West­ ern. "Western has produced an impres­ sive number of leaders for the Com­ monwealth," said WKU President Gary Ransdell. "We are so proud the citi­ zens of the Commonwealth have shown confidence in these members of the Western family who are provid­ ing leadership for the state." Rep. Eleanor Jordan (O.Louisville)

Committee; Rep . Baugh is vice chair of bienniel session include funding for Western graduates hold prominent the Banking and Insurance Commit­ the renovation of the Science Com­ leadership positions in both chambers tee ; Rep . Miller is vice chair of the plex, continuation and enhancement at the state capitol. Sen. Tori is Sen ­ Education and Licensing and Occupa­ of the University Excellence Trust ate Republican Whip and Sen. Boswell tions committees; and Rep . Thompson Fund and establishment of the Ken ­ is Democratic Caucus Chairman. In is vice chair of the Seniors, Military tucky Academy for Mathematics and addition, Sen. Tori chairs the Enrolling Affairs and Public Safety Committee. Science. WKU 's primary off-campus Committee; Sen. Sanders heads the Speaker Richards chairs the priority is the Owensboro Workforce powerful Appropriations and Revenue House's Committee on Committees Development Center to complement Committee; Sen. Freeman serves as and Rules Committee and Rep . the Regional Postsecondary Education vice chair of the Banking and Insur­ Weaver is chair of the Seniors, Mili­ centers in Glasgow and Elizabethtown ance Committee; and Sen. Kerr leads tary Affairs and Public Safety Commit­ funded in 1998. the licensing and Occupations Com­ tee . The current legislative session mittee. WKU 's local delegation also in­ ends April 16. In the House, Rep. Thomas chairs cludes Sen . Brett Guthrie (R-Bowling the Agriculture and Small Business Green), Rep . Steve Nunn (R-Glagow), Fred Hensley is WKU 's Chie/Public Committee; Rep. Gooch is chair of the and Rep . Rob Wilkey (D-Franklin). Affairs Officer and Legislative Liaison in Natural Resources and Environment WKU 's priorities for the current Frankfort.

Western Kentucky University 0 b HILLTOPPERS IN FRANKFORT At-A-GJance

Constitutional Officers Lt. Gov. Steve Henry Agriculture Commissioner Billy Ray Smith

Senate Counties Served David BoswelL Owensboro Daviess, Hancock Glenn Freeman, Cumberland Bell, Harlan, Perry Brett Guthrie, Bowling Green Logan, Warren Alice Forgy Kerr, Lexington Fayette Vernie McGaha, Russell Springs Adair, Casey, Pulaski, Russell Richie Sanders, Franklin Allen, Barren, Edmonson, Green, Metcalfe, Simpson Elizabeth Tori, Radcliff Hardin, Jefferson

House of Representatives Counties Served

Sheldon Baugh, Russellville Logan, Todd Jim Gooch, Providence Daviess, Henderson, Hopkins, McLean, Webster Rep. Charles Miller (O.Lauisville) Eleanor Jordan, Louisville Jefferson Charles Miller, Louisville Jefferson Steve Nunn, Glasgow Barren, Warren Roger Thomas, Smiths Grove Warren Jim Thompson, Battletown Hardin, Meade Rob Wilkey, Franklin Allen, Simpson, Warren

Sen. David Baswell (O-Owensbaro)

"Western has produced an impressive number of leaders for the Commonwealth," said WKU Presi­ dent Gary Ransdell. "We are so proud the citizens of the Commonwealth have shown confidence in these members of the Western family who are pro­ viding leadership for the state." Speaker Jody Richards (O-Bowling Green)

G On Campus - March, 2000 WATHEN NAMED NEW REGENT Beverly Harper Wathen, retired music teacher from Owensboro, has been named to Western Kentucky University'S Board of Regents. The 1958 Western graduate was appointed by Gov. Paul Patton and took the oath of office at the board 's Jan . 28 meeting. She replaces Sara L. Hulse of Owensboro, who resigned last May. "I know I'm going to be filling some mighty big shoes," Wathen sa id. Wathen plans to spend the next few weeks becoming more familiar with the issues facing Western and the Board . Improving th e quality of education is vital, she said . Wathen, who also taught music in her home for many yea rs, remains interested in how the arts playa role in educating well-rounded students. She 's also interested in Western 's ed ucational innuence and role statewide and in Owensboro, where the University maintains an extended campus center. "The cooperation of the local colleges is extremely important to Western," Wathen said. Wathen is a native of Columbia, Tenn . Her husband, Edward, is president of Whitehall Furniture in Owensboro.

WESTERN'S PUBLIC RADIO KEEPS AP WIRE HUMMING The news staff of Western 's Public Radio has been rec­ ognized for its contributions to the Kentucky Associated Press broadcast wire. WKYU -FM was the state's second-leading story con­ tributor for the past six months behind WHAS in LOUisville, News Director Dan Modlin said. "We're proud of it," he STUDENT JOURNALISTS said, adding that the news staff at WHAS is more than double WKYU's three-person staff. WIN HONORS IN HEARST "We've tried over the years to maintain the reputation of being a leading source of news stories in the state," COMPETITION Modlin said. WKYU-FM also finished second behind WHAS Two Western Kentucky University students have won for the first six months of 1999, he said. honors in the 40th annual William Randolph Hearst The AP recognition is based on a points system for the Foundation's Journalism Awards Program . number and quality of news stories submitted by member In feature writing competition, chris Hutchins, a Louis­ stations, Modlin said. For example, ville senior, placed sixth and Shannon Back, a Mount Ster­ when Russian President Boris ling senior, finished I I th oHut chins and the University both Yeltsin resigned recently, Modlin will receive $500 grants. WDCL contacted a Western government Hutchins wrote "Attack of the Brain Freeze! " during his professor for analysis and submit­ summer internship at the Lexington Herald-Leader. The WKPB ted that story to the Associated story ex plored the chilly phenomenon of ice cream head­ Press for statewide use. ache or "brain freeze." "Certa inly we try to make use Back's story about an elderly couple who live in fear of of the resources at western," he losing their apa rtment and independence appeared in The said . Oregonian in Portland, Ore ., where she was a summer in­ Western's Public Radio is te rn. WESTERN'S WKYU-FM , 88.9 in Bowling Green, The sixth-pl ace and I I th -place finishes place Western PUBLIC WDCL-FM , 89.7 and 103.3 in third overall in the Hearst Foundation's intercollegiate writ­ RADIO Somerset, WKPB-FM , 89.5 in ing competition. After the first round, New York University Henderson/ Owensboro, and is first and the University of Iowa is second. WKUE-FM , 90.9 in Eli za bethtown.

Western Kentucky University 0 Celebrating Black History

BY KIMBERLY SHAIN PARSLEY

Most people do not remember, or even know about, the contributions that Americans, African Americans, have made to the past successes and continued progress of our country and our society. Black history month is a time to learn about and appreciate those contributions.

Dr Saundra Ardrey, AssoCIate Professor of government and Director of the African American studies program, said that many people Joke about or ridicule the fact that Black that way, then there will be a greater appreciation, and no history month is ohserved in rebruary, the shortest month one will fcelthrcatened by one group proclail11ing its con­ of the year. She said that most people don't realize that tribution February holds great signilicance for the African American Carter G Woodson, 1875 1950, is regarded as the Fa ­ coml11unity Fehruary is the hirth month of Ahrahal11 Lin ther 01 Black llistory and is credited with the idea of forl11al coin, Rosa Parks and Malcolm X, all of whol11 shaped Black African Americ

o On Campus - March, 2000 Ardrey said that she teaches Black history to her students, both in the classroom and at home, throughout the entire year. "I want them to know "Black history month is a time for the that some of the inventions we use community as a whole to reflect on history, everyday come from the Black com ­ munity," she said. "With so much and while doing so focus on the future so negativity, 1 think it's really necessary we won't make the same mistakes" for young kids to have a sense of pride and a sense of self." c.j. Woods, Director of WKU Mi­ "Black history month is a time for "The first three jockeys in the Ken­ nority Student Services, echoed Dr. the community as a whole to renect tucky Derby were Black . ... Most Ardrey's sentiment that Black history on history, and while doing so focus jockeys today, 1 would sayan over­ month has improved Black history on the future so we won't make the whelming majority, are either White education. "Because of Black history same mistakes," Woods said . "I be­ or Hispanic. month and African American studies lieve we should have programs year­ Few are Black, but initially all the programs, we have more students round about diversity, not only African jockeys were Black. It gradually who are aware and who are capable American contributions, but our changed as purses got larger and it of understanding the significance of society's contributions as a whole." became more of an interesting profes­ Black history month, whereas in the "Kentucky's approach to African sion," Hardin explained. "Blacks were past, we did not have an educated American studies has mimicked that eased out and others put in ." body of students who actually knew of the South," Ardrey said. "We have African American women, like the history, the foundation and the cir­ generally lagged behind in our appre­ their white counterparts, were over­ cumstances which led up to wanting ciation of the African American cul­ coming seemingly insurmountable to celebrate Black history." ture." odds to gain equality with both Whites Woods said the programs held in Though Kentucky may not have a and Black men. celebration of Black history month are proud history of cultural appreciation Alice Allison Dunnigan, 1906 - designed to enlighten and educate the and racial acceptance, many Black 1983, was a Russellville native who WKU student body and the entire Kentuckians were pioneers within the changed the way African American community. Many university groups African American community and women were viewed among their col­ and organizations took part in the cel ­ leaders in all aspects of society. leagues in the field of washington, ebration of Black history month: the "There are a number of African D.C. , journalism. Dunnigan began her African American studies program, Americans who are not heralded and career as a teacher in 1924. She minority student services, the Ken ­ not well-known, but who have their taught in Todd County until 1942 tucky museum, the cultural enhance­ own particular level of contribution," when she moved to Washington to ment committee, the women's studies said Dr. john Hardin, Assistant Dean program, the WKU radio and televi­ of Potter College of Arts, Humanities sion stations, as well as other depart­ and Social Sciences. ments and organizations. Like Dr. Ardrey, Woods feels that the history and perspectives of African Americans should not be limited to February.

• work for the U.S. Department of La bor. She also worked as a reporter for Western Kentucky University is both honored and the Associated Negro Press the As· sociated Press did not yet allow Bl acks fortunate to have faculty members from whom we into its ranks. Dunnigan was th e fi rst African American woman to receive a can draw information about Black Kentuckians capital press pass, and she became who have changed all our lives in some way. the first African America n elected to the National Women's Press Club. Moneta J. Sleet, originally from mask, saved the lives of Illany Ameri Hall 01 Fame will honor anyone, li ving Owensboro, won a Pulitze r Pri/e for a ca n soldiers dUri ng world War 1 or deceased. who con tributed to th e photograph of Caretta Scott Ki ng. Th e Western Kentucky University is cause 0 1 civil rights ph otograph, a we ll kn own image 01 both honored and fort unate to have Mari on B. Lu cas, a WKU Distin­ Mrs. King, shows her in a ch urch fac ulty members Irom wholll we can gUished Professor, IS the author of A wearing a bl ac k veil, holding her draw inforillation about Black Ken His/olY 0/ Blacks 111 Kenll/cky' \ 'o/umc I, daughter in her lap. tuckians who have cha nged all OU I rmm S/<1I'el), 10 Segregation 1760 10 "The first Africa n America n elec ted li ves in some way. Dr John Hardin, 1891 Th e book was pu blished by th e President of the Kentucky Edu ca ti on aside from bei ng a wa lking encyclope Kentucky Ilistori ca l Socie ty in 1992. Association was a WKU gradu ate," Dr dia on Africa n American history, has The Ke ntucky COlllm lssion on Human Hardin said. wri tten two books: OIll\'(lrd and Up Rights has pu blished 1\ Gal/cly olGrml He was Marnel Moorman, a nati ve \ vanl. ;\ Ccnlcnnl<1/lllslOIY oll-:enll/cky B/ack 1-:C1lluckwns, deta il ing the co n­ of Central City. Moorman taught in 5 1011' UllIvcrsity, published by Kentucky tribut ions of 24 Afri ca n America ns Shelby County for 21 years. His elec­ Sta te Un iverslly in 1987; and, Ii/Iv fro lll J-.. en tucky The biog raphica l tion as President of KEA in 1992 made Yeals o/SegregallOn. B/ack IlIgh blu ske tches 01 the historic fi gures here him the first African America n to be calion 111 I-:cnll/cky, 190-1 10 I 954. pub are included in the Ga llery More in­ elected to a statewide edu ca ti onal as lished by Kentucky Un iversity Press in form ati on about the Kentucky Com­ sociation. 1997. Dr. Hardin is currcnlly se rving Illission on HUlllan Ri ghts and on the "African Americans, whether male on a committee th e Civi l Rights Wa ll contributions of Africa n Aillerica ns in or female, in the 20lh ce ntury or previ­ of Fa ille project to be unveiled on July Kentucky ca n be found by contac ting ous centuries, ha ve made a va riety of 18 in Loui sville at the COlll lllonwealth the COllllllission at 1-800-292 5566. contributions in a wide range of areas Conve ntion Ce nter. The Civi l Ri ghts and disciplines," Hardin sa id . Garrett A. Morga n, 1877 1963, was born in Paris, Kentucky to form er slaves. He dropped out of school at the age of 14 and moved to Cleveland , Ohio. His career was primarily as an inventor. One of his most widely used inventions is the traffic light widely used, though perhaps not widely ap ­ preciated. On July 25, 191 6 a series of explosions occurred in a tunnel being built in Cleveland. Smoke, dust and natural gas emissions kept resc uers from entering the tunnel. Garrett Morgan was contacted af­ ter the explosion in the hope that a device he had invented, ca lled an in­ haler, might make it possible to res­ cue trapped survivors. Morga n and his brother, with th e aid of the inhaler, went fi ve miles into the tunnel and 282 feet benea th lake Erie. Th ey re­ turned with a badly injured, but still ali ve, man. The City of Cle ve land awarded Ga rrett Morga n and his broth er a gold medal for thei r heroism during the disaster. Morga n's inhaler, more commonly kn own as th e gas o On Campus - March, 2000 A CENTURY OF EXCELLENCE

WKU Libraries debuted the millen­ During the ceremony, Provost and nium exhibit, A Century aJExcellence, Vice President Barbara Burch pre­ with a ribbon cutting ceremony Jan . sented plaques to former library lead­ 20. The exhibit is a ce leb ration of the ers Sara Tyler and Dr. Earl Wassom , Libraries' 94 -year history and honors as well as the current Dean of Librar­ the six Chiefs of Library that have ies, Michael Binder. Also, speakers overseen the library collections during talked about each of the 6 Chiefs of that history. President Gary Ransdell Library. cut the ribbon for the exhibit. A Century oj Excellence is on dis­ The project was spearheaded by play on the fourth noor of the Cravens Peggy Wright, a professor and re­ Library. search librarian . Shutterbug Photogra­ phy helped with the funding and de­ sign for the exhibit. Or. Earl Wassom, director of WKU Libraries from 1972 to 1985, speoks during the opening of the exhibit. Or. Ca rol Crowe-Ca rraco peruses the exhibit "WKU Libraries: A Cen tury of Excellence" shortly before the ribbon cutting ceremony.

Western Kentucky University 0 Accounting Astronomy Mike Carini, Dudley History Dr. Jan Colbert james R ~lcany Bryant, Richard Gelderrnan, Charles Richard V. Salisbury gave two in ­ Professor of Accountmg. had "Auditors or McGruder and Rico "TYler and from out vited lectures at Trent University. Advisors?" published in the Dec 1999 is side WKU james Allello (Stockton Col­ Peterborough. Ontario, on Nov 12 . 1999. sue 01 Internal Auditor lege) and Linda Wa lker (Warren Centra l The lectures were "Anglo-American Com­ High School) petition in Central America, 1898 1914 : Allied Health and Human Services Dr. Shivendra Sahi's undergradu The Role of Sir Lionel Carden." and "The Lynn Austin's "Needlcs and Pins A ate research student. Natalie Bryant won Mexican Revolution ' An Interpretation in Case Study in the Managcmcnt of Occu the best student poster award at the an­ Art and Photography" pational Exposure to Percutaneous Inju nual meeting of the Kentucky Academy rics" was accepted lor publication on the 01 Science. held Nov 5 6 at EKU. Rich Journalism & Broadcasting University of Bulfalo Health Science mond Ky The poster was entiLled. "The Dr. Augustine (hator's research Ccnteris website Uptake and Transl oca tion of Lead in tilled "When in Rome .... " which dea ls with Dr. Dale Smith has been selected Sesbania Drummondii " authored by the global communication styles. has as a participant discussing " Assorted Is Natalie Bryant. Robert Barlow. john been published in the "Communication sues in Doctoral Education" at the Annual Andersland and Shivendra Sahi World ." Vol. 17. Number I . December Social Work Baccalaureate Program 1999 january 2000. Directoris (BPD) Conference in St Louis. Economics Nov 3-7 1999 Dr. H . Y. Kim presented his paper Nursing Susan Wesley submilled a manu­ (with Dr Tong Hee Kang. Kunsan Na M . Susan Jones has been selected script. "Proficiency in Ethical Decision tional University). "Consumption and to participate as a National Council licen­ ~laking: Knowledge and Skills of BSW Risk Sharing Among Korean National sure Examination item reviewer in a Faculty and Student." to the social work Households" at the 69th annual meetings NCLEX item development panel session journal Arete In September Wesley has of the Southern Econom ic Association, held in Princeton . N.j. As an item re ­ also become a member of the board 01 Nov. 21-23. 1999, New Orleans, La . Dr. viewer. Dr. jones reviewed the questions. dircctors 01 Hospice olSouthern Kentucky Kim also organized and served as a pa ­ or items. that are used as part of the as of Sept 28. 1999 per discusssant on papers dealing with. NCLEX. "Korean Economic Issues". Art Philosophy Art Department faculty Kim Geography and Geology Michael J. Seidler gave an invited Chalmers. David Jones and Jacqui Dr. Christopher Groves. along lecture at a conference on "The Theory Lubbers. along with Chalmers' wife. with graduate and undergraduate stu and Practice of Toleration" which was Tallon. participated in the World 's Great­ dents and other collaborators. presented held at Boston University on Dec. 3. 1999. est Studio Tour held in Bowling Green and six papers at the 12th National Cave and The conference was sponsored by Bos­ Alvaton. Ky .. Nov. 13-14. Karst Management Symposium in Chat­ ton University's Political Science Depart­ tanooga. Tenn Dr. Groves also presented ment & The Boston Conference for the Biology "A New Graduate Program in Geoscience Study of Po litical Thought. Dr. Cheryl Davis and Dr. Doug for Federal Cave and Karst Resource Spe McElroy were reccntly selected for hon ­ cialists." an invited presentation at the Public Health orary membership in the Goldcn Key a­ National Park Service Cave and Karst In ­ Dr. Michael Ballard was elected to tional Honors Society. Honorary members tegrated Management Workshop, Mam the Kentucky Association for Health. are nominated and chosen by the student moth Cave. Ky. Physical Education. Recreation. & Dance members 01 Golden Key's WKU chapter; David J. Keeling was the editor for Board of Direc tors at the annual meeting Drs. Davis and McElroy arc the first biol­ Geography and Geology Proceedings of in Lexington. Ky. ogy faculty at Western ever to receive this the Kentucky Academy of Science, Vol Dudley Conner, Executive Director recognition. 1998- 1999, in which Keeling's "A Graphic of the Kentucky Pub lic Hea lth Association Faculty from Biology and Physics & Representation of Economic Integration in Frankfort. Ky .. addressed interested Astronomy ollered a workshop on Oct. Trends in the Southern Cone of South students and facu lty on the future of pub­ 22.23 and 29 30 for High School Teach­ America," was published. Keeling also lic health and career opportunities re­ ers and Students. The locus 01 the work­ presented "Globalizing the Urban. Urban cenLly. shop was "LIFE In far out Environments". izing the Global" at the Department of Dr. Lisa Lindley was a presente r at Support from NASA (IDEA grant) and Geography Seminar Series in Lexington. the Annual South Carolina HIV / STD Con­ WKU. PI Wieb van der Meer (P&A). Ky .. Oct. 29. ference Oct 20-22. in Columbia. S.c. The coPI's Irom Biology Larry Elliott, session was entiLled "Incorporating De­ Kerrie McDaniel, Wayne Mason and velopmental Assets into HIV / STD Pre­ Claire Rinehar t, and from Physics & venlion Program Target ing You th." Dr.

€I!) On Campus - March, 2000 Lindley also received an award for Excel ­ lence in HIV / STD Prevention for OutSmart in the Midlands, an HIV preven­ tion program targeting gay, lesbian, bi­ sexual and questioning youth (ages 16- 22) in the Midlands of South Carolina. She was the co-founder and Director of the program for two years. Dr. Ning Lu and Dr. Leiyu Shi were co-authors of an article accepted for pub­ lication (in-press). in the journal Of Health Ca re For The Poor and Underserved. The article is entitled "Individual Sociodemographic Characteristics Asso­ ciated With Hospitalization For Pediatric Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions." Dr. Thomas Nicholson, Dr. Wayne Higgins, and Dr. John White are co-authors of an article accepted for pub­ lication (in-press) in the College Student journal. The article is entitled" A Multi­ national Comparison of Health Knowl­ edge: College Students in Canada, Nige­ ria, and the United States." Dr. John White attended the Na­ tional Association for Public Health Policy membership meeting in Chicago . He was also appointed a Director at Large for the organization and was re -elected as Sec­ retary for the Council on Illicit Drugs. Dr. Richard Wilson presented a pa­ per and moderated a research session at the an nual convention of the American Public Health Association in Chicago. He also traveled to Washington, D.C. , to con­ sult with the National Campaign for To­ bacco-Free Kids to assist in the develop­ ment of a anti-smoking curriculum for middle and high school students. Dr. Richard Wilson and Dr. Michael Ballard presented training workshops for professional employees of local and district health departments. The workshops were conducted in Louisville, Lexington, jenny Wiley State Park, Lake Cumberland State Park, and Kentucky Dam Village State Park.

Sociology Craig Taylor was one of three people given the 1999 District Award of Merit at the recent Lost River District rec ­ ognition banquet for the Boy Scouts. He is currently serving as District Commis­ sioner and have been active in Scouting in a variety of capacities for over 40 years. THE HISTORY OF WOMEN'S HISTORY: Looking to the Future

BY CARLA JO SLAVEY

Tilen "'IlI(', (/ {lIllC I vilc/l I I'e lllt'/l'{ <111m Int /l(l{ {oi-/lOI v. -Judith Voirst

In 1987, the U.s. Congress declared March as Women 's History Month. It was a major milestone for women. For the most part, women had been left out of the junior high and high school history books. From our country's first women settlers to the Grimke sisters and the women's rights movement, to today's feminists and their words and works, women have played a major role in our history.

Women's history was as Important to women 111 the "The popu larity of women's history celebrati ons has early 1900's as It IS today In her book, Ra/llpa/l{ \ l'o/ll('IJ, sparked a new interest in uncovering women's forgotten published by the university 01 Tennessee Press, WKU Jour­ heritage," the site proclaims. nalism Prolessm Linda Lumsden talks about holV those in­ The ce lebratron 01 women's history, thererore, is stron volved in the suffrage Illovelllent stressed the importance ger than ever Why, the n, is women's history still being of history in thei r conventions. "Conventions helped instill overlooked in the class this sense of feillale destiny by Illilking space on every pro­ roolll' gram lor celebrations of sulirage history Celebrating a Because change is Wllllllon history created a group identity," Lumsden says. dimwit and slow, LUlllsden describes hoI\' older suliragettes were hon says Dr Jane ored at conventions and hoI\' women such as Susan B. An Olmsted, director 01 thony \Vere honored by younger suffragettes for the 1V0rk Western's Women's they did in their lives Studies Program "Suffragists' reverence for their history satistied more Olmsted says than nostalgia; It placed their current actions In the context that important of making history Possessing a history helped them envi­ historical sion the pOSSibility of a future." she says. even after winning the right to vote, women real ized that there were still opportunities to crea te a better ruture The National Women's Ilistory Project homepage (http:// wlVwnwhp.org) explains how WO lllen's History Month of­ ficially began In 1970's, the ed ucation Task Force or the Sonoma County (California) Commission on the Sta tus or WOlllcn was concerned aboul the lack oflVomen's hislory being taught They began a "Women's History Week, cen tering on ~larch 8, Internatronal Womcn s Day. The 1987 Nationalll'olllcn's History Project "petitioned

Congress to cxpand the natrona I celebratron to the enUrc I month 01 ~larch , " according to Ihe webSite .t

4D On Campus - March, 2000 been performing at home could now "Women before the Industrial Revolution were be done in factories. "As the need for immensely talented, and in order to survive it re­ her declined, so did her value, and so did the respect accorded her," says quired enonnous amounts of knowledge. They Gurko. were healers; they had to know what herbs and Dr. Olmsted says that the Indus­ trial Revolution began the separation what natural plants could be used to help their of "public" and "private" spheres in our families. They raised the food, they processed the country. Men dominated the public sphere, whereas women dominated food, they canned the food, they cooked the food, the private sphere. they wove their own wool and blankets ... " Since men dominated the public ) sphere, as Gurko pOints out, "female accomplishments were usually not re­ events to most people are the battles in war and the poli­ corded by male historians," making that one reason 1 tics. women are generally left out of the history books. "That's a very limited conception of what history is," But women's history is being discovered and uncov­ she says. History is more than "presidents and kings." "It's ered by today's women, especially here in Kentucky and at also very much about the cultures themselves and how Western. During the month of March, Western is hosting they developed, and women are incredibly important to events and guest speakers, including those sponsored by how a culture is developed and defined." Women's Studies. Olmsted says she suspects most pre-university schools Also, Dr. Olmsted and English Associate Professor focus on a few "token" women, such as Harriet Tubman. Elizabeth Oakes have edited a book of poems by Kentucky "There's nothing wrong with that, but [students] won't feminists called Writing Wh o We Are: Poems by Kentucky have had the whole concept of what history means chal­ Feminists. They are planning another book focusing on fic­ lenged." tion by Kentucky feminists. In the book The Ladies afSeneca Falls, published by Dr. Oakes believes the book will be important for Macmillan Publishing Co. , Inc., Miriam Gurko also notes showing how Kentucky fit in with women's history. that women are often overlooked in history books. "Here "I can envision somebody 200 years from now looking and there the name of a woman's rights leader might be back and writing about what women in Kentucky were mentioned," Gurko says. saying because of this book," she said. Women were involved in more than just the suffrage Carla Siavey is a part-time writer/ edilOr for OnCampus. movement, though. When America was first being settled, women played a very important part. Gurko explains in her book that the first women in America needed to be strong. "There could be no nonsense about female fragility and helplessness when women worked alongSide men to clear the land, or handled guns to shoot game and enemies on the fron­ tier." Dr. Olmsted agrees. "Women be­ fore the Industrial Revolution were im­ mensely talented, and in order to sur­ vive it required enormous amounts of knowledge. They were healers; they had to know what herbs and what natural plants could be used to help their fami­ lies. They raised the food, they processed the food, they canned the food, they cooked the food, they wove their own wool and blankets and so forth." When the Industrial Revolution began, how- ever, American women's roles shifted. Gurko ex­ plains how many of the jobs the housewife had

Western Kentucky University 6) THE VOICES OF KENTUCKY FEMINISTS

I BYCARLAJOSLAVEY I

high schools, to women's shelters, to womcn's prisons, writers confer­ ences, and all the literary journals in Women's Kentucky" Dr Olmsted said the editors also History Month "'­ Invited the poets to explain about themselves. "We also asked In our Activities call for poems, in addition to the I'" •. ~ usual brief biography, some kind of o statement about what it means to Thursday, March 2 . ' Drs. Jane Olmsted and Elizabeth Oaks be a feminist," Dr Olmsted said. Ex Dr, Lynn Weiner presents Race. Sex, ccrpts from those statcments are in and the PTA: How Women's History Ilfriling I Vho I Ife Arc; Poems /ly "en the back of the book, showing "a wide Re-Evaluates the Past lucky Feminisls includes poems by range and feminist voices coml11g frol11 7:30 p.m. in the Garrett Auditorium women from all over Kentucky in all the 1110St unlikely places," she said different voices. The book lVas edited It was easy for the two to decide to by Dr Eil/abeth Oakes, Associate En edit the book, but finding a publisher Tuesday, March 7 glish Professor, and Dr. Jane Olmstcd, was more dililcull. They contacted all Women's Alliance Spring Workshop and Director of the Women's Studies Pro ­ the presses in Kentucky that they knew Luncheon gram and Assistant English Professor of ' They all said it was a great Idea, but Women in Power at WKU The editors say their aim for the they couldn't publish poetry right now" 11:45 a.m. - 3:30 p.m. in Downing book was to include "the divcrse voices Dr Oakes said "So then we started University Center Room 226 of Kentucky feminists." looking for grants." Lunch reservations are available Some of these diverse voices in They received grants from the Ken through Susan Morris, (270) 745- elude' JOY Bale Boone, a tucky Foundation lor 4041 Kenlucky poellaureatc; Women and the West Lunch will be about $10-11. Elizabcth Dcmskc, a MI ern Kcntucky Univer If participants bring their own lunch, Vernon woman who sity Facu lty Develop there is no fee works in a transitional ment Committee, and shelter tor womcn and they published the Monday, March 27 children; Dorian book through Westcrn Gittlcman, a sixteen ycar "Wc couldn't havc Sena Jeter Naslund, author of Ahab's old Louisville prep-school done it without having Wife or The Star Gazer, will read student, Maggie Miles, Western publish it," Dr from her work and talk about the trained in the Feldenkrais Olmsted said controversy brewing over her Method, a thcrapy to in­ "And we couldn't audacity in writing a novel about creasc tlcxibility and coor havc done it without Moby Dick's arch nemesis's wife. dination; and Ma ry Ellen Joy Bale Boone the grants," Dr. Oakes 7 p.m. in the Garrett Auditorium Miller, English Professor added and Faculty Representative on the The book is available at the WKU Thursday, March 30 Board of Regents here at Western. Bookstore, Kentucky Museum gilt shop, Dr Oakes said that whcn choosing and Barnes & Noble, or by contacting Gender Images Film Series: When Night which poems 10 include in Ihe book, Drs. Olmsted and Oakes. Is Falling she and Dr Olmsted were looking for The editors say that profits from the 7 p.m. in the Garrett Auditorium an authentic voice. book will fund poetly readings 111 Ken ­ "We wanted a range of wOl11en: Dr tucky and support visiting writers at For up-to-date information, contact Oakes said. "We wanted a range of Western . Profits will also go toward Jane Olmsted or Women's Studies, ages and occupations and races and their next project: a volul11e of short sto­ 270 (745-6477). evelythlllg put together We sent calls ries by Kentucky feminists. for poems to all the universities. to

e On Campus - March, 2000 The following, reprinted by permis­ sion from Inside TVA, publication for TVA employees and retirees, features Skila Harris, newly-appointed to the Tennessee Valley Authori01 Board of Di­ rectors. Harris is a native ofBowling Green and has a bachelor's degree from WKU in government and a master's from George Washington Universi0l.

Skila Harris already knew a great deal about TVA at1:er growing up in the Tennessee Valley region and working in energy-related jobs in Washington, D.C. But she has learned much more in her first weeks as a TV A Director. "I've read a lot of the history of TVA," says Harris, who was sworn in Nov. 16 by Vice President Al Gore. "But I've also tried to read about and NEW ENERGY FOR TVA talk with people about the issues now facing TVA and the electric-utility in­ I BY JIM ANDREWS I dustry overall. "I've gained so much confidence about the future from the 'can do' vergence of my heritage in this region cies about restructuring on the elec­ spirit of the employees I've met in the and how I spent the majority of my tric-utility industry. hallways, in the cafeteria, at the Live professional life in the energy-policy "A lot of the issues TVA is facing well Centers and as receptions. business. aren't unique to us," she says. "Every­ They've said to me, 'I love TVA. I'm "And one of the things that makes body in the industry is struggling with ready. We can do this.'" it most attractive is the fact that TV A them, and a lot of us are exploring this Harris says she gave a lot of seri­ is on the verge of a major change in new horizon together." ous consideration to her decision to the industry. I find it simultaneously She is enjoying her personal intro­ accept the nomination to become the daunting and appealing. So it didn't duction to TV A and its employees. 1h 25 Director in TVA's 66 + years. take me long to conclude that an ap­ ''I'm having a wonderful time tak­ "This position represents a huge pointment to the TVA Board was an ing a long look at TVA and learning as professional challenge, but there is so honor and an opportunity I couldn't much as I can about every facet of much about it that seems right for pass up ." TVA," she says. "As I continue to meet me," she says. "Basically, it is a con- Harris was born and reared in employees, I am inspired and ener­ Bowling Green, Ky. "My mother still gized and more confident than ever lives there. My parents named me that we have the people to meet every 'Skila: at1:er my father, Skiles Brown­ challenge before us. I hope they will ing Harris. 'Ski les' was his mother's keep coming to us with ideas and sug­ maiden name." gestions about ways TVA can con­ Harris worked in the Department tinue its success." of Energy during the Carter Adminis­ Harris believes she, Director tration, was a vice president at McCullough and Chairman Crowell Steiner-Liff Iron & Metal Co. in Nash­ will work well together. ville, and served as a Special Assistant "I think each of us is bringing to Vice President Gore and as Chief of something unique - and together our Staff for Tipper Gore in Washington. experiences and our skills have cre­ Most recently, she was Executive ated a strong Board," she says. Director of the Advisory Board to the jim Andrews is a native of Secretary of Energy and Staff Director Hopkinsville, Ky. and is a 1965 graduate of DOE's Tennessee Valley Electric ofWKU who has been with TVA since Skita Harris System Advisory Committee, which 1980. His first job was with the Daily gathered views from TVA constituen- News in Bowling Green in 1963-64.

Westem Kentucky University 49 CLASS ACTS: Theatre in the Or. Nagy Morsi, a Bowling Green physician who is Moslem, speaks to WKU students about the practice of Islam. Classroom

BY MARGARET CURTIS-HOWE

"All the world's a stage," said William Shakespeare, and those of us who pass our days on Western's cam­ pus participating in the daily adventure of teaching have no difficulty at all in agreeing with him. Many a time the so-called "normal" classroom situation is so filled with drama, both surreptitious and overt, one of­ ten wishes that a hidden camera could capture the moment and share it with the world.

Sometimes one has to work a little harder to achieve the goal. A Moslem med ical doctor in town, Dr. Nagy Just as parenting young children provides magic mo­ Morsi, graciously agrees to speak with my students eac h ments which vanish with the passing years, so skillful semester about his understanding and practice of Islam. teaching creates special classroom moments that for a Because he performs surgery each weekday morning, thi s while seem to be forgotten. But it often happens that years event has to take place on a Saturday. later someone is heard reminiscing about student days at In the spring semester we decided to do this in my WKU, laughing at the fun and exhilaration of a moment home. A few obliging students stopped by on Friday forever impressed on the memory. eveni ng and moved the den furniture into the garage. We Do these moments arise naturally' Sometimes they do. laid down Middle Eastern carpets and on top of the m we A happy combination of subject matter and personalities rolled out a line of prayer mats. The den became a dilvan, a often conjures up magic moments to the delight of all in­ Middle Eastern study hall. Everyone was eager to learn the volved. My Religions o/Iile Middle Easl class attended a Jew­ Moslem prayer ritual, kneeli ng with foreheads to the ish Sabbath service in the Downing University Center last ground. Later tha t semester, one of the studen ts accompa­ semester, and afterwards I borrowed a prayer book from nied me to Natcher Elementary school and repea ted th e the Jewish congregation and decided to have one of my same ritual for the sixth grade social studies classes there. students read aloud a special J wish prayer the next time The Natcher children dressed up in Middle Eastern attire the class met. "Re -e nforcement of ideas," I thought to my­ and stood on tiptoe as they crowded around to watch. self. To add some realism to the situation, I threw a /al/ilil Is this entertainment or education' Dr. David Young, an across the student's shoulders and placed a kippa on his Instructor in the Department of Theatre and Dance, main­ head . He immediately fell into the role - stand ing up with tains that activities like th is are education at its best. In a dignity and inviting the class to do the same as he read. To faculty workshop presented recen tly by the Cen ter for my surprise, they all quickly rose to the ir feet and stood be ­ Teac hing and Learning, Young reminded us tha t the pri­ side their desks, grinning from ear to ear as he intoned the mary way in which we "learned to learn" as sma ll children prayers. They loved being a part of the even t and heartily was through play and ro le-playing. Ro le playing, Young joined in with the responses, as they had seen the Jewish said, can be used to develop new perspectives, deepen un­ congregation do a few days earlier. derstanding, reinforce concepts and make the abstract real. Involving students in such ways pulls them from the audi­ ence Lo the stage - they become pa rtiCipants in a drama.

e On Campus - March, 2000 The task of a teacher does not differ from the task of an ac­ in Lobdell's opinion, that such activities will build cohesive­ tor, in Young's opinion. The goal of both is to engage the ness and trust. Or there may be a darker side emerging receiver and cha llenge his or her thinking. "Teaching is here - a reluctance to cede center stage to the students. performance," Young maintains, even though this idea may Lobdell advocated moving beyond these fears because the­ make some professors wince. Both the actor and the atre in the classroom encourages students to become in­ teacher are charged with carefully choosing their objectives volved and highly motivated. Non-traditional responses to in the given situation and using every possible tactic to assignments enhance creativity, Lobdell said; they trans­ achieve those objectives. In the classroom the students are form learning into play which is a natural educational tool. both audience and partner in the scene. "For me," Young "I want to put the play back in for people of all ages." said, "both teaching and acting are about strong, clear Dr. Carol Crowe-Carraco, a Professor in the Department goals and effective tactics." of History, was the third participant in the Center for If theatre in the classroom is such a powerful educa­ Teaching and Learning workshop. She emphasized the im­ tional tool, why the reluctance of some professors to em­ portance of being willing to learn and change. Well known brace this teaching style? In the workshop I mentioned, Dr. for her role playing of historical characters as a member of James Lobdell, Assistant Professor in the School of Integra­ the Kentucky Humanities Council Speakers Bureau, tive Studies- Teacher Education, suggested that some edu­ Carraco described how when she initially rehearsed one of cators are reluctant because they do not feel qualified in her presentations she was told that it came across like a terms of background and training. Lobdell did not see this speech that had been memorized. Her intent was to mimic as an insuperable barrier. He recommended skeptics visit a the natural words of the character that she was aiming to children's theatre program to observe what is happening. portray. So Carraco worked hard to develop a more realis­ Initial forays in the classroom might include short warm up tic style. She found that instruction in how to do this was activities, brief lead-ins to lessons or interpretive responses readily available - another great thing about teaching at to literature. Perhaps some educators fear they may lose Western Kentucky University - the availability of a rich re­ personal control of the learning situation? It is more likely, source pool of skilled and enthusiastic people who are ea-

Dr. Mars; demonstrates the Moslem prayer ritual for WKU students.

Western Kentucky University m The cxpresslon'theatre in the classrooill" e\'oke~ d nUlllber or IIllilges and connotations, not all of them P()~I ti\'e SOllle educators suspect that this concept implies that they must act In a wild and exaggerated manner In rront 01 the class and perhaps lose race in the allelllpi Others rear putllng on a "raise" persona and perhaps being ridiculed by the students. Some balk at the concept that the professor IS there to entertain the student, in futile competition with electronic mcdia. wave pools and Disney World The Cen tel' for Teaching and Learning workshop opened up an other dimension 01 the concept, a dimension in \Vhich the students become the ItlLUS or the action and even from tllne to time, the initiators of the action Good acting, Young maliltalns, is not obligated to be entertainillg. Its Left to right: Dr. Carol Crawe·Carraea, Dr. Ja mes Lobdell, and Dr. David Young shore ideas about theatre in the classroom. lirst and strongest obligation is clear and truthful comillu nication. And this, aller all, is what education is about gel' to engage in team errort "I lind that role· playing, espe­ cially in costuille Illakes history come alive to an audl Dr A/

Featuring David Halberstam Pulitzer-prize winning writer, author, journalist LeVar Burton Creator of Reading Rainbow, star of TV and movies Cherie Bennett writer of fiction and for stage, screen & TV Over 100 authors Workshops Costumed Characters Dramatic Performances Children's Make & Do Activities Celebrity Readers Storytelling Grand re-opening of the Public Library Used Book Sale Organized by & W est ern Kentucky Univer sity Librar ies/ March 24, 25 26, 2000 The Kentucky Museum Convention Center, Bowling Green, KY Bowling Gr een Public Libr ary Barnes & N oble Boo kseller s

e On Campus - March, 2000 retreat for women, and began and funded the Kentucky Foundation for Women. Bingham was unable to at­ tend due to illness. Vitale is chairman and president of Manchester Capital and a member of the WKU Foundation Board of Trust­ ees. He was honored for his commu­ nity involvement and the support he gives to a number of organizations, including st. Thomas Hospital in Nashville, Bowling Green Bank and Trust and the st. Louis University Bubourg Society. He is also a founding principal partner of DESA International. Western also recognized five honor graduates. The winners of the Ogden Trustees Award had a 4.0 grade-point average with all coursework completed at Western . Scholars of the College had the high­ est GPAs in their colleges while com­ pleting at least 64 credit hours at Western . Leslie Ford, a chemistry major from Tompkinsville, was named scholar of the Ogden College of Sci ­ Don S. Vitale is presented honorary doctorate by ence, Technology and Health and re ­ President Gary Ransdell and Regent Kristen Bale. ceived the Ogden Trustees Award. She is the daughter of Larry and Rachel Ford . Tasha Koontz Stamper, an early KNOWLEDGE IN THE elementary grades major from Scottsville, was named scholar of the NEW CENTURY College of Education and Behavioral Sciences. She is married to Scott Stamper and is the daughter of Rick and Deborah Morris of Monticello. More than 1,000 Western Kentucky tured environment of the university, Ksenia Vaskova, an economics University students became the last commit yourself to learning, and com­ major from Ekaterinburg, Russia, class of the 20th Century at fall gradu­ mit yourself to constructive use of and a graduate of Lakewood High ation exercises in December. your knowledge-the knowledge you School in Denver, was named "That is reason to pause to con­ gained on this campus- and the scholar of the Gordon Ford College of sider the past and contemplate the fu ­ knowledge you shall gain by doors Business. She is the daughter of ture," WKU President Gary Ransdell opened to you because of your West­ Svetiana and Vladimir Vaskova . told the graduates gathered in E.A. ern education." Angela Fairbanks, a religious Diddle Arena . "You and Western have In addition to each graduate in at­ studies major from Murray, was both invested much in your capacity tendance, Western presented honor­ named scholar of the Potter College of to think and reason. As you enter this ary doctorates of humanities to Sa llie Arts, Humanities and Social Scie nces. promising new millennium, I encour­ Bingham and Don S. Vitale. She is the daughter of Ke nneth and age you to trust the instincts which Bingham was honored for her Rebecca Fairbanks. the faculty and staff assembled here work as an artist and humanitarian. J. Gail Gulling, a history and gov­ today have helped you develop." Her short stories, poetry and novels, ernment major from Bowling Green, Dr. Ransdell urged the new gradu­ including her memoir "Passion and was also named scholar of the Potter ates to continue with their education. Prejudice," have received both na­ College and received the Ogden Trust­ "We live in a world in which new tional and international acclaim. She ees Award. She is married to James knowledge is being created every also is the founder of Hopscotch Guiling and is the daughter of Joyce day," he said . "As you leave the struc- House in Louisville, which serves as a Cropper and the late Randall Cropper.

Westem Kentucky University G) DEMING'S LESSONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION: Providing a Framework for Success BY AARON W. HUGHEY

W. Edwards Deming. If the name is not familiar, it should be. Dem ing, one of the originators of To tal Quality Management (TaM), pioneered some of the world's most useful and innovative strategies for enhancing quality and productivity. Initially ignored by American management, Deming's ideas are currently synonymous with sustained profitability and long-term success in the private sector. Furthermore, his uncompromising stance on the key issue of accountability serves as the cornerstone of organizational efficacy.

Higher education has not been immune to the manage· ment revolution taking place in the private sector Evidence or how Deming has innuenced the academic world can be round in the push toward greater accountability at all levels or the pedagogical hierarchy More than just an attempt to insure consistency within and between similar programs, many of the changes that have occurred within our educa tional systems over the last couple 01 decades have been motivated by the desire to maximize the quality potential ror both the institution and, ultimately, its graduates. The challenges that lie ahead for higher education are enormous. It is absolutely essential that educational lead ers be adequately prepared to confront those challenges. One of the key ways they can better prepare themselves to survive the coming social, political and economic turbu­ lence is to study Deming's" 14 points" and understand holV they apply to the collegiate environment. What follows is a summary of his " 14 points," together with an explanation or how each can be used to achieve greater accountability, quality and customer satisraction. (1) Create constancy of purpose. Everyone involved in the delivery or programs and ser­ vices to the campus population must understand and ac cept the fundamental importance 01 providmg exceptional customer service at every available opportunity II acquir ing a college education truly preCipitates a significant ad vantage to the reCipient , then those bcnel1ts should be ob­ vious and desirable. Students should attend college be e On Campus - March, 2000 cause it provides something that will help them succeed personally, so­ cially, and vocationally. Yet this po­ tential can only be fully realized if ev­ In today's market, it is never advisable to reach eryone in higher education shares the same vision and is pulling in the same the conclusion that a particular institution is direction. In other words, everyone "good enough." Continuous improvement must involved in the educational process must be in total agreement regarding be a top priority on all fronts -- from the black- institutional mission, allocation of re­ board to the balance sheet. sources, how priorities will be estab­ lished, and how goals and objectives will be accomplished. (5) Improve constantly and forever. (2) Adopt a new philosophy. In today's market, it is never advis­ In short, what was acceptable as consequence. In the business world, able to reach the conclusion that a "standard procedure" in the not-too­ by contrast, the current emphasis is particular institution is "good distant past is now no longer appro­ on taking steps to prevent "bad" enough." Continuous improvement priate. When college was seen as the things from happening in the first must be a top priority on all fronts ­ only viable route for getting ahead, place. Instead of simply responding to from the blackboard to the balance the need to be sensitive and respon ­ changing realities, higher education sheet. The only way to remain respon ­ sive to individual desires, concerns, professionals must assume a more sive to the needs of a diverse and dy­ complaints, and recommendations dynamic role in determining what namic student population is to con­ was not very acute. At most institu­ those realities will be at some future stantly strive to provide better services tions, the decision-making process point and then developing programs without comparable increases in cost. was driven solely by enrollments. If and services designed to meet the Higher education professionals must students wanted to acquire the knowl­ challenges they represent. stay in touch with the students they edge and skills deemed essential for serve. They must continually monitor success, attending college was really (4) Minimize total cost. student needs and offer programs and the only option. Students were taken While money is certainly a key in­ services that meet those needs both seriously only when it was convenient gredient for the development and currently as well as in the future. The and/ or unavoidable. But now times maintenance of a quality educational overriding goal of continual improve­ have changed . In a very real sense, system, it is naive to assume that ment must dominate every discussion colleges and universities are now quality is directly proportional to the and permeate every agenda. Nothing much more dependent on students number of dollars spent. A tell-tale should be undertaken in the academic than is the reverse case. Customer characteristic of the reactionary mode arena that does not add value to the satisfaction is no longer an abstract of thinking involves the "band-aid" overall enterprise. philosophical construct; it is poten­ approach to dealing with problems tially the most important consider­ and other difficult situations. In an at­ (6) Institute training. ation in virtually every decision. tempt to deal with the perceived Training is the key to successfully (3) Cease dependence on inspection. short-term consequences of a given implementing TQM within the aca­ situation, institutions typically spend demic environment. Training faculty Stated another way, colleges and three times the time, money, and ef­ and staff can be a very complicated, universities must become much more fort needed to actually solve the prob­ involved and even frustrating process. proactive in their approach to the pro­ lem; i.e., take the steps necessary to But if done correctly, it can also be vision of programs and services. completely resolve the problem and one of the most rewarding dimensions Higher education professionals have a thus prevent it from occurring again. of work in higher education . Sound well-deserved reputation for being Higher education professionals need training forms the basis for a success­ primarily reactive in how they respond to concentrate more on the long-term ful college or university. Whereas to issues that affect the on-campus future of their programs as opposed to many institutions do an exceptional population. Instead of taking the lead expending inordinate amounts of time job when it comes to the provision of when problematic situations arise, and resources dealing with relatively training experiences, others simply do they have often had to be coerced into trivial matters. not devote the time and effort needed taking some form of corrective action. to insure that the concepts presented When something "bad" happened, the within this article are given the atten­ typical response by many collegiate tion they deserve. Far too often, train- leaders has been to try and minimize the damage that might result as a

Western Kentucky University 0 nel within the context ofTQM is quite distinct from supervision of task facili (9) Break down barriers between tation within a more traditional con­ departments. text. ing consists of I) dispensing technical TQM requires a systemwide elfort information, and 2) reacting to situa­ (8) Drive out fear. on the part of all departments. Higher tions as they develop. To be truly ef­ No one can focus on doing the education professionals who are ob­ fective, training must transcend these best job possible if he or she lives in sessively preoccupied with who re ­ somewhat narrow parameters to in­ constant fear of the consequences of ports to who, following the appropri­ clude the decision-making and prob­ perceived failure (such as being repri­ ate channels, and other issues related lem-solving skills necessary to facili­ manded or fired) Many higher educa­ to turf protection often do consider­ tate customer satisl·action. tion professionals, in the guise of cn­ able harm to the institution by keep­ ing the focus from where it should be (7) Institute supervision. harKing accountability, have insti­ tuted a comprehensive and endless - on the delivery 01 quality programs Once faculty and staff have re ­ array of evaluations: self-evaluations, and services. Being as responsive as ceived training in the basics ofTQM, it student evaluations, peer evaluations, possible to the needs 01' students is imperative that upper-tier adminis­ supervisor evaluations, etc. This is should be the only real concern. Ideas trators constantly reinforce their com­ further evidcnced by the recent inler­ for improvement should always be mitment to enhanced quality through est in implcmcnting post-tenure re ­ wclcome; where they originate should every aspect of their management views at many institutions. The in­ be relatively inconsequential. Getting style. Most experts agree that, in the tended outcome of these assessments the job done efficiently in a humanis­ future, organizational hierarchies will may indeed be to foster and maintain tic manner, regardless of how the de­ be much more horizontal than is cur­ higher standards of commitment and partmental lines appear on an organi­ rently the case at many colleges and quality. Yet the message that is often zational chart, is all that really mat­ universities. In short, there will be far received by faculty and staff is one of ters. fewer levels between upper adminis­ implicit mistrust and intimidation. (10) Eliminate unrealistic targets. tration and students. One logical re ­ Good supervisors must learn to rely su lt of this collapsing of the structure minimally on formalized evaluation Although it sounds good to pro­ will be the empower'ment of those at schemes as a means of motivating claim that " I 00% student satisfaction the lowest levels; i.e. , those closest to staff and thus insuring that depart­ is our goal," in reality, this is impos­ the students. Such an arrangement mental goals and objectives are ap­ sible to achieve. For instance, holding necessarily mandates a management propriately met. faculty responsible for the fact that strategy foreign to many higher edu­ not all of their students feel they are cation professionals. Supervising em­ doing an acceptable job is unfair and powered employees is substantially unrealistic. Recognition should be dilTerent from dictating what is to be given for effort, not just resu lts. If done centrally. Supervision of person-

@) On Campus - March, 2000 higher education professionals establish goals and objec­ out. TQM requires an unwavering dedication to the central tives that are inherently unattainable, they are not, as they concept of complete and consistent customer satisfaction might think, motivating their staff members to be "all they which can only be achieved through empowerment of all can be. " Moreover, establishing recruitment or develop­ organizational members. Such commitment implicitly de­ ment goals that are unrealistic only serves to dampen mo­ notes a fundamental shift in the way many higher educa­ rale and thus needlessly impede performance. In the long tion professionals view their role as proponents of student run, this leads to high frustration and accelerates burnout. learning and development.

Instituting the Deming philosophy is not just the responsibility of the upper administration at a college or university, nor is it the primary concern of any one group within the organization. It must be seen as everyone's responsibility.

(14) The trans/ormation is everybody's job. (11) Eliminate numerical quotas. Instituting the Deming philosophy is not just the re­ sponsibility of the upper administration at a college or uni­ An academic program can be highly successful even versity, nor is it the primary concern of anyone group though it enrolls only a relatively few students. The mere within the organization. It must be seen as everyone's re ­ fact that the program is available, and that a great deal of sponsibility. A chief tenet of TQM involves getting the deci­ effort went into its design and construction, account for a sion-making authority as close to the customer (the stu­ lot more than is often realized. Similarly, if recognition is dent), as possible. This means that everyone at the institu­ only given to those who are successful at recruiting high tion must have a clear understanding of the overall goals numbers of students (or processing high numbers of and objectives ofTQM, as well as how those goals and ob­ forms), then an adversarial atmosphere in the workplace is jectives translate into concrete action. In order to make this often created. Holding individuals with different abilities to connection, it is imperative that everyone be working to­ the same performance standards is inherently counterpro­ ward the same end. TQM requires the full support of every­ ductive. Faculty and staff should be rewarded for perform­ one within the organization; it will be a disappointing fail­ ing at their maximum potential. ure if it is only the dream of one or two people who have read a little about it and decided to "give TQM a try." (12) Abolish management by objectives. As the twentieth century has closed, the challenges that On the surface, management by objectives (MBOs) lie ahead for society have never been more daunting or seems like a good approach. MBOs can be helpful in estab­ complex. Colleges and universities will no doubt play an lishing priorities and clarifying the various job functions increasingly significant role within the economic and cul­ that must be performed. But in the era of TQM and its em­ tural arena during the next millennium. TQM offers tre­ phasis on continual improvement, MBOs are innately self­ mendous advantages for higher education through its pro­ defeating in that they severely limit creativity by inhibiting vision of new and innovative solutions to both existing and employees from proceeding beyond the relatively narrow anticipated problems, yet it remains a hazy concept to parameters they prescribe. Higher education professionals most collegiate faculty and staff. Just like business and in­ must be extremely nexible in order to respond effectively to dustry, higher education stands to benefit substantially each student's individual needs. MBOs, by their very na­ through the adoption of Deming's ideas. In a time best ture, limit this nexibility and tend to precipitate meaning­ characterized by cynicism on virtually all fronts, Deming less, repetitious conformity. offers a framework in which the colleges and universities of tomorrow can not just survive, but prevail. (13) Institute a vigorous program 0/ re-education. ~ For a more thorough explanation oj Deming's " 14 Achieving the goals and objectives ofTQM will require points," please see W. Edward Deming'S Out of the Crisis ex tensive re-orientation of the culture in higher education. (2nd ed.) (Massachusetts Institute oJTechnology, 1986), or Many of Deming's ideas are rather easy to comprehend yet Mary Walton 's The Deming Management Method (The moderately difficult to actually put into practice. Changing Putnam Publishing Group, 1986). This article is excerpted/ the way people think can be an extremely daunting task, as adaptedJrom Application of the Deming Philosophy to the proponents of multiculturalism are currently finding Higher Education by Aaron W. Hughey, which appears in the February 2000 issue oj Industry and Higher Education. Used with permission.

Dr. Hughey is Associate ProJessor oj Education Leadership and a regular contributor to On Campus.

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