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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48276-9 — the Historical Roots of Political Violence Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48276-9 — The Historical Roots of Political Violence Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca Index More Information Index Action Directe, 78, 101, 148–50, 188 Argentina Allende, Salvador, 73 “Corbobazo,” 42–43 anarchist terrorism foco theory in, 42–43 development paths for terrorism Montoneros in, 42–43 influenced by, 134–45 armed propaganda, 135 family farms and, 158–59 Ausserparlamentarische Opposition (APO), intensity of anarchy, 142 82–83 violence data for, 139, 141 Austria, 150–51 in Germany, 87, 185 consociationalism in, 150 in Greece, 145 neocorporatism in, 150 in Italy, 33 authoritarianism in Japan, 143–44 development paths for terrorism and, in Portugal, 144–45 145–51 revolutionary terrorism and, 9–10 lethal violence and, 146 in Spain, 78, 150, 188 in France, 148–50 in US, 138 in Germany, 208–10 anarchists revolutionary terrorism and, 5–6, 27–30 assassination attempts by, 33 in Spain, 76–79 revolutionary terrorism and, 38 autonomia movement, 61, 65, 72–74, 200 revolutionary violence by, autumno caldo (Hot Autumn), 60, 63 32–33 Ayers, Bill, 201 anarcho-syndicalism, 184–85 Angiolillo, Michele, 136 Baader, Andreas, 85–91, 104. See also Red Angry Brigade, 147, 198–200 Army Faction Annarumma, Antonio, 63–64 backwardness, 129–30 anni di piombo (years of lead), 59 Bakunism, 137–38. See also propaganda by Antich, Salvador Puig, 78, 149 the deed doctrine anti-fascism movements, in Italy, 17 Balagoon, Kuwasi, 50 APO. See Ausserparlamentarische Basque Homeland and Freedom (ETA), 11, 38 Opposition Baumann, Michael “Bommi,” 37, April 25 Popular Forces. See Forças 58–59, 209. See also 2nd June Populares 25 Abril Movement Aramburu, Pedro E., 42 Beauvoir, Simone de, 195 265 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48276-9 — The Historical Roots of Political Violence Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca Index More Information 266 Index Belgium, 104 Coco, Francesco, 69 Communist Combatant Cells in, 56, 101 Cohn-Bendit, Daniel, 19–20 radical right in, 190 collectivism. See institutional collectivism Berlinguer, Enrico, 10, 73 communism Black Liberation Army (BLA), 22, 50 in Finland, 186–87 ethnic violence by, 50–51 in France, 186–87 Black Panther Party (BPP) for Self-Defense, in Italy, 186–88 36, 49–51 Pci, 10, 34, 38, 72–75 United Slaves and, conflicts with, 50 in Japan, 187 Black September attacks, 197 JCP, 92 Bloomquist, Paul, 88 in liberal countries, 189 Boatmen of Thessaloniki, 145 in non-liberal countries, 189–90 Böll, Heinrich, 88 radical left and, 186–88 Borghese, Junio Valerio, 211 in Spain, PCE, 77–78 BPP. See Black Panther Party for Self- Communist Combatant Cells, 56, 101 Defense Communist Party in Italy (Pci), 10, 38, Brigades Internationales, 148–49 72–75 Buback, Sigfried, 90 as combatant party, 34 Buda, Mario, 138 Communist Party of Australia (Marxist- Leninist) (CPA-ML), 192 Cagol, Margherit, 1, 61, 65–67. See also Confédération générale du travail (CGT), 17 Red Brigades consociationalism, 150 Calabresi, Luigi, 64, 68–75 “Corbobazo,” 42–43 Calle, Luis de, 12–13, 113–14 counterculture, radicalism and, 19 Campanella, Angelo, 121 CPA-ML. See Communist Party of Australia Camus, Albert, 32 Cuban revolution Canada, non-lethal terrorist groups in, foco theory and, 39–44 193–95 revolutionary violence in Latin America capitalism. See liberal capitalism influenced by, 38–40 capital-labor conflict, 24–25 culture, 225–32 Carnation Revolution, 2, 100 economic development influenced by, 240 Carnot, Sadi, 136 country residuals for, 240 Carvalho, Otelo Saraiva de, 2, 101 family and, 227–31 Caserio, Santo Geronimo, 136 revolutionary terrorism and, 230 Castro, Fidel, 38. See also Cuban revolution language and, 231–32 Catechism of the Revolutionary (Nechaev), pronoun-drop rules, 232 31–32 in liberal countries, 236 causal identification approach, 6 in non-liberal countries, 236 CGT. See Confédération générale du travail revolutionary terrorism and, 233–35 Chicago Days of Rage, 93, 202–14 Curcio, Renato, 1, 43, 61, 65–67, 69–70, Chiesa, Alberto dalla, 76 188. See also Red Brigades Chile, political coup in, 73 Czolgosz, Leon, 138 Chinese Cultural Revolution, 21. See also Maoism De Freeze, Donald, 205–6 Chukaku-ha group, 48–49, 94, 99 Debray, Regis, 39–41 Citro, Carmine, 121 Denmark, 104 civil wars, 134, 151–53 Dev Sol, 44 clandestine, terrorism as, 58–86, 113–14 development paths, for terrorism, limitations of, 59 133–67 Clark, Mark, 49–50 authoritarianism history as factor in, Cleaver, Edgar, 50 145–51 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48276-9 — The Historical Roots of Political Violence Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca Index More Information Index 267 lethal violence and, 146 Maoism as, 21 civil wars as factor in, 134, 151–53 radicalism compared to, 20–23 democratic development, 134 state legitimacy and, 179–83 industrialization factors, 134–35, 160–63 timing of industrialization, 162–64 familism, 222 international war as factor in, 153–54 familist societies, 8 interwar factors for, 170–71 family, 227–31 land inequality as factor in, 134, 154–60 revolutionary terrorism and, 230 correlation matrix measurements, 157 Fanon, Frantz, 43–44 liberal capitalism as factor in, 134, fascism. See also anti-fascism movements 164–67 in Italy, 60 HIEL analysis of, 164–67, 169 revolutionary terrorism and, 27–30 in liberal countries, 167–70 Feltrinelli, Giangacomo, 2 in non-liberal countries, 167–70 First October Anti-Fascist Revolutionary past anarchist terrorism and, 134–45 Groups (GRAPO), 9–10, 79–82 family farms and, 158–59 kidnappings by, 80 intensity of, 142 killings by, 80–82 violence data for, 139, 141 FLN-T. See Frente de Liberación Nacional statistical analysis of, 170–77 Tupamaros with contemporary variables, 174–76 foco theory, 9, 39–41 with long-term variables, 174–76 in Argentina, 42–43 negative binomial analysis, 172–73 “Corbobazo,” 42–43 Dewèvre, Brigitte, 195 Montoneros in, 42–43 Direct Action, 9–10, 56, 193–95 Cuban revolution and, 39–44 Dohrn, Bernardine, 201, 203 in Uruguay, FLN-T in, 34, 40–42 Domestic Terrorism Victims (DTV) dataset, Fonda, Jane, 195 45–46 Forças Populares 25 Abril (April 25 Popular DTV dataset. See Domestic Terrorism Forces), 2, 9–10, 37, 52, 59, 100–1 Victims dataset Foster, Marcus, 205–6 Dutschke, Rudi, 83–84, 208–9 Foucault, Michel, 195 France East Asian Anti-Japan Armed Front Action Directe in, 78, 101, 148–50, 188 (EAAJA), 96, 98 Brigades Internationales in, 148–49 Ebihara, Toshio, 48–49 CGT, 17 economic development Direct Action in, 9–10, 56 cultural variables for, 240 GARI in, 148–50 country residuals for, 240 Gauche Proletarianne in, 148–49, 195 individualism and, 220 labor strikes in, 17 long-term determinants of, 237–42 Maoism in, 21 revolutionary terrorism influenced by, 4, NAPAP in, 148–49 26–27, 113–14 New Left movements in, 19–20 egalitarianism, 228 non-lethal terrorist groups in, 195–98 Elias, Norbet, 219 Nouvelle résistance populaire in, 195–98 Emergency Laws, in Germany, 84–85 radical left in, 184 Ensslin, Gudrun, 85, 104, 209 radical right in, 190 ETA. See Basque Homeland and Freedom student movements in, 19 ethnic violence, 50–51 Paris Commune, 17 extremism Franch, Santiago Salvador, 138–40 in Germany, 84 Franco, Francisco, 76–79 in Italy, 64–65 Francseschini, Alberto, 43, 65–67, 187–88, early forms in, 60–65 211 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48276-9 — The Historical Roots of Political Violence Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca Index More Information 268 Index FRAP. See Frente Revolucionario “golden age” period Antifascista y Patriota European Economic Community during, Frente de Liberación Nacional Tupamaros 15–16 (FLN-T), 34, 40–42 labor protections during, 15 global influence of, 43–44 New Left during, 17–18 in Germany, 43 OECD during, 15–16 on Red Brigades, 43 political stability during, 15 killings by, 41–42 radicalism during, re-emergence of, Red Friday and, 41–42 15–20 Frente Revolucionario Antifascista y collective action and, cycles of, 16 Patriota (FRAP), 78–79 labor conflicts and, 16–17 Front Line (Prima linea), 9–10, 37, 65–67, political conflicts and, 17 73–74 student movements and, 17 welfare protections during, 15 Galleani, Luigi, 137–38 GRAPO. See First October Anti-Fascist GAP. See Gruppi d’Azione Partigiana Revolutionary Groups GARI. See Groupes d’action Grass, Günter, 209 révolutionnaires internationalists Greece, revolutionary terrorism in, 99–100 Gauche Proletarianne, 148–49, 195 anarchist terrorism and, 145 Geismar, Alain, 196 Boatmen of Thessaloniki and, 145 George I (King), 145 Civil War as factor for, 145 German Socialist Student League (SDS), RO17N and, 99–100 82–83 17 November Revolutionary dissolution of, 85–86 Organization in, 9–10, 80–81 response to Emergency Laws, 84–85 Groupes d’action révolutionnaires Germany, revolutionary terrorism in, 82–91 internationalists (GARI), 148–50 anarchist groups in, 87, 185 Gruppi d’Azione Partigiana (Groups of APO and, 82–83 Partisan Action) (GAP), 2, 37 authoritarianism and, 208–10 La Guerra de Guerrillas (Guevara), 39–40 extremism in, 84 Guevara, Ernesto “Che,” 38–40, 44. See FLN-T influence on, 43 also Cuban revolution; foco theory Hash Rebels and, 87 Guillaume, James, 32–33 New Left in, 83–84 Guillén, Abraham, 39–40 protests in Guillotine Society, 144 student movements and, 83–86 Guzman, Abimael, 106 Tegeler Weg Battle, 85 RAF and, 9–11, 56, 85–91 Haddad, Jesús Miguel, 82 decline and resurgence of, 91 Hampton, Fred, 49–50 formation of, 86–87 Hansen, Ann, 194 government reactions to, 88–89 Hanta Dõmei, 94 killings by, 87, 89–90 Harbulot, Christian, 196 “Urban Guerrilla Concept,” 35, 87–88 Hash Rebels, 87 SDS in, 82–86 Hearst, Patty, 205–6 dissolution of, 85–86 Heinzen, Karl, 31 response to Emergency Laws, 84–85 HIEL.
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