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Evaluation Report On Flood Management Programme(FMP) Kashmir Division (2008-09 to 2012-13)
Office of the Regional Joint Director, Evaluation & Statistics, Kashmir Directorate of Economics and Statistics, J&K Planning and Development Department Highlights of the Study
1) “Flood Management Programme” covers critical flood control and river management works which include river management, flood control, anti erosion, drainage development, anti sea erosion, flood proofing works, besides flood prone area development programme in critical regions. It also includes restoration of damaged flood control/management works
2) In J&K state, the Programme is being implemented through the Department of Irrigation and Flood Control. 15 projects had been taken-up under the Programme in Kashmir Division during the period from 2008-09 to 2012-13.
3) The total estimated cost of the 15 taken-up projects under Flood Management Programme was Rs.21984.76 lacs. Among the taken-up projects 2 were started in 2008-09, 9 in 2009-10, 1 in 2010-11 and the remaining 3 in 2011-12. All the projects were having multiple components which mainly included flood protection works, erosion control works and drainage development works.
4) The aggregate amount released for the 15 taken-up projects by the end of March 2012 was to the magnitude of Rs.14287.94 lacs against the approved estimated cost of Rs.21984.76 lacs which form 65%. Thus an amount of Rs.7696.82 lacs more were required to be released to enable the Implementing Department to complete the taken-up 15 projects in Kashmir Division.
5) In aggregate an amount of Rs.12260.76 lacs was utilized during the reference period against the released amount of Rs.14287.94 lacs at the expenditure rate of 86%.
6) The two projects selected for Evaluation Study in Kashmir Division were JK-13 Erosion control/Flood control works on tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam Constituency,District Anantnag & JK-11 Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla.
7) The projectwise information suggests that not a single project was completed by the end of 2011-12. Financially, 8 projects were completed to the extent of more than 80%, 4 projects were in the midway of completion and the remaining 3 projects were on the initial stage by the end of 2011-12 as only 10% expenditure was incurred on each of them viz-a-viz estimated cost. The low releases and expenditure in respect of these 3 projects were understandably so because these were taken up in 2011-12 itself. The token provision provided for the projects during the year of start was fully utilized.
8) In respect of 2 sample projects, an amount of Rs.576.03 lacs were released in favour of JK-13 (Anantnag) against the estimated cost of Rs.698.00 lacs and Rs.422.52 lacs in favour of JK- 11 (Baramulla) against the estimated cost of Rs.744.00 lacs. The amount released was reported fully utilized during the reference period.
9) At the Division level, the Implementing Department was unable to provide the details of physical achievements in respect of the taken-up projects. However, in respect of 2 sample projects the same was obtained from the respective Executive Engineers. In aggregate under the 2 sample projects the Department claimed to had achieved the village targets by 91%, population targets by 84%, erosion control targets by 94% and submerge protection targets by 82% by the end of 2011-12.
10) The main component of works executed in the sample projects were retaining walls, Boulder Bunds/toe crates, culverts and channelization. A total of 188 works were executed in both the sample projects out of which 100 works (53%) were selected randomly for on-spot physical verification and estimation of impacts. 38 works under the project Jk-11 (Baramulla) and 62 works under JK-13 (Anantnag) were put to physical verification/ impact assessment.
11) Out of 100 sample works reported executed, 99 works were found existing on the ground and only 1 work under channelization could not be verified. The non-verified work was reported executed at the initial stage of the project but no debris/ mud/ silt extracted was found on the spot of work by virtue of which the work could have been verified as executed.
12) Regarding present status of works 96% sample works were found complete and 4% works were still in progress as on the date of survey. Furthermore, 94% sample works were found genuine and the rest 6% were observed not genuine and feasible so far as site of construction was concerned with relation to the specific objectives of the programme. No sign boards were found anywhere on the site of construction which was mandatory for the concerned department for evolving public interest in the development programmmes which ultimately aims at ensuring transparency and desired priotization of works.
13) Almost all the individual works were a little deviated from the approved specifications in all the dimensions of length, width and height. The Executing Agency owes the responsibility to explain the reasons of deviations noticed by the Evaluation teams.
14) As per eye estimation of the Evaluation Teams as a result of 100 sample works which were physically verified, protection was ensured for approximately 96039 souls. In addition to it 1945 kanals of irrigated land and 2495 kanals of un-irrigated land was given protection from erosion. Similarly, an area of 517 kanals of irrigated and 870 kanals of un-irrigated land was protected from submergence.
15) The primary objective of flood protection works is to protect life and property which mainly includes human life, livestock, standing crops and residential houses. The 100 sample works verified have also ensured protection for 171 public assets, 5 private assets and 12 religious places also.
Contents
Chapter No Description of Chapter . Page Nos
I Introduction 1 – 4
II Project Description 5 – 14
III Field Findings 15 -26
IV Summary of Main Findings 27 –29
Chapter - I Introduction: Devastation by floods is a recurrent annual phenomenon in India. Floods occur suddenly causing enormous damage to human/animal life, public property and disruption to infrastructure besides psychological and emotional instability amongst the people. Many areas of the country are vulnerable to floods. In view of great risk of damage to the public and private assets apart from damages to human and animal life, all these aspects were given due consideration and addressed appropriately by the GOI. During 10th Five year plan following four schemes were sanctioned to provide central assistance to the flood prone states for taking up flood control and river management works in critical areas:- 1. Critical Anti-erosion works in Ganga Basin States (Centrally Sponsored Scheme). 2. Critical Flood Control and Anti Erosion Scheme in Brahmaputra and Barak Valley States (State Sector Scheme). 3. Implementation of Drainage in critical areas in the country (State Sector Scheme) and 4. Critical Anti-Erosion Works in Coastal and other than Ganga Basin States (State Sector Scheme). The above schemes were merged together and a restructured scheme namely “Flood Management Programme” under State Sector in Central Plan was approved for 11th Plan period. Scope of the Scheme: Under “Flood Management Programme” critical flood control and river management works in the entire country are covered. These works include river management, flood control, anti erosion, drainage development, anti sea erosion, flood proofing works, besides flood prone area development programme in critical regions. It also includes restoration of damaged flood control/management works.
Funding Pattern. The funding pattern for Central assistance to Special Category States is 90% (Central Share), 10% (State Share), while as for other states it is 75% (Central Share), 25% (State Share).The Special Category States cover, North Eastern States, Skim, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &Kashmir and Uttarakhand.
Mode of Implementation. The scheme “Flood Management Programme” as per guidelines at National level is to be implemented generally by Flood Control/ Water resources /Irrigation Departments of the State Governments. In exceptional and emergent cases, the works could be entrusted to the central Govt. organizations/undertakings with the approval of Central Ministry of Water Resources. In J&K state the scheme is being implemented through the Department of Irrigation and Flood Control. During the reference period as many as 15 projects were taken up under “Flood Management Programme” in different parts of the state. Decision of SLEC: The State Level Evaluation Committee in its 5th meeting held on 25th of November 2011 under the Chairmanship of Principal Secretary to Govt. (Chairman SLEC), apart from other decisions also decided to get four projects evaluated (two each from Kashmir Division and Jammu Division) under “Flood Management Programme”(FMP) through Regional Joint Director Kashmir / Jammu with special focus on outcome orientation of the programme. The two projects selected for Evaluation Study in Kashmir Division as conveyed by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics vide No. DES/Evl/Meeting/2011- 12/758-776 dated 14.03.2012 were as under:- 1) JK-13 Erosion control/Flood control works on tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam Constituency,District Anantnag.
2) JK-11 Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla. The Evaluation Study was conducted as per the following plan of action:- Objectives- i) To assess physical and financial progress of the sample projects. ii) To ascertain to which extent target group of population stood benefitted. iii) To physically verify and ascertain the feasibility / genuineness of soil erosion / flood protection works with special reference to outcome of works executed. iv) To assess level of satisfaction of target group of population over implementation of FMP Projects. v) To assess bottle necks/ difficulties faced, if any, during execution of works and corrective measures, to be taken to explore better implementation of projects. Source of data: The source for official data (Secondary data) was Chief Engineer I&FC Kashmir Srinagar and concerned implementing agencies (Executive Engineer FC division Anantnag and Executive Engineer I&FC division Baramulla). The primary data was collected in the field by paying spot visits and interacting with the stakeholders. Reference period: The reference period for the Evaluation Study was 2008-09 to 2011-12. Sample size: In view of the aspirations of the SLEC the evaluation studies are to be confined to limited geographical areas. As such two projects were selected at random. In the selected project, 50% works representing each Nallah was the sample size at the first stage in each sample project covering thereby Soil Erosion Control works/Flood protection works proportionately. At the second stage 3 knowledgeable persons of benefitted area representing each sample work were interviewed in the field. Thus the field finding are based on physical verification by the evaluation teams and the views of the people living in the vicinity of the executed works representing as the primary stakeholders. Instruments of Investigation: A set of following 5 (five) schedules was devised for collection of official and field data:- i) Schedule-I, II and III for collection of official data. ii) Schedule-IV for physical verification of sample works and iii) Schedule V for knowledgeable persons/ stakeholders. Field Work: The field work was conducted through District Statistics and Evaluation Officer(DSEO) Anantnag/ Baramulla under the supervision of Regional Joint Director, Kashmir, Srinagar. Tabulation and Report writing: The tabulation of field data was done by the Staff of DSEO Anantnag / Baramulla under the technical guidance of Regional Joint Director Kashmir Srinagar. The report writing was done by the Regional Joint Director Kashmir Srinagar. Analytical tools. Simple averages and percentages were used as analytical tools in the Evaluation Report. Besides graphs and diagrammes were also put to use at appropriate places in the report to make phenomenon easy for comprehension. Photographs of the executed works have also been demonstrated to authenticate the field findings.
Chapter - II Project Description: The J&K state has huge aqua resources in the form of rivers, lakes and springs. Major portion of these water bodies are situated in Kashmir valley. Though water resources act as life line for human life and prosperity of the economy, but occasionally these prove fatal also. The Nallahas/rivers originate from glaciers, snow bound hills and occasionally become furious on account of abnormal discharge caused due to precipitation. This abnormal discharge takes the shape of floods which endangers human life and causes destruction to crops, roads and other infrastructure. The population of the endangered areas have to be evacuated alongwith other belongings in anticipation which besides unsettling the people socially and psychology, puts extra burden on the administration also for launching rescue and relief operations. The temporary migration of people also hits their economic pursuits and the education carrier of the students. In order to remain pro-active in fighting with the unprecedented floods and strive hard to save the people, the Irrigation and Flood Control Department of Kashmir has taken-up 15 projects under the scheme. The works undertaken in these projects include flood protection works, erosion control works and drainage development. The objective of these works is to avert the losses or atleast minimize them to the possible extent. The detail of projects undertaken under FMP from 2008-09 to 2011-12 is detailed below for analysis:- Table 2.0 Estimated cost of Flood Management Projects in Kashmir Division
Estimated cost (Rs. In lacs) S/ Proj Year of State Central ect start share share Total N Cod Name of the flood management programme o e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 JK-3 Improvements to flood spill channel in Jehlum 2008- 149.30 1343.70 1493.00 09 2 JK-6 Erosion Control/ Flood Control works on Lidder Nallah phase-II 2009- 54.70 492.30 547.00 10 3 JK-7 Erosion Control/ Flood Control works on Veshow Nallah phase- 2009- 71.50 643.50 715.00 II 10 4 JK-8 Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On Vethvethroo Nallah , 2009- 33.30 299.70 333.00 Khanday Nallah 10 5 JK-9 Erosion / Flood Control Works On Sandran Nallah , Wankran 2009- 67.30 605.70 673.00 Nallah, Sasra Nallah 10 6 JK- Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On various tributaries of 2009- 65.50 589.50 655.00 12 Jehlum in Shangus, Bijbehara and Dooru Constituencies 10 JK- Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On various tributaries of 2009- 7 69.80 628.20 698.00 13 Lidder, River in Pahalgam constituency. 10 8 JK- Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On Aripal, Lam,Satoora, 2009- 64.00 576.00 640.00 14 Mandoora, Devar And Watalara Nallah 10 9 JK- Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On Vij Nallah 2009- 26.92 242.26 269.18 10 10 JK- Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On Hammal Nallah, 2009- 10 74.40 669.60 744.00 11 Binner Nallah , Dakil Nallah and Hapatnar Nallah. 10 11 JK- Drainage Development/ Enhancing Flood Channel capacity at 18 critical reaches of River Jehlum Bund Phase-II from Sonwar 2008- 98.10 882.90 981.00 Ghat to Dobji Ghat 09 ( Gowkadal) Srinagar. 12 JK- Flood threat to River Jehlum (Urgent Works) 2010- 9746.00 974.60 8771.40 20 11 13 JK- Lachipora (A&B) Bijhama Jabadar Norkhan, Naloosa 2011- 21 Nilnang,Bogna Nallahs-Flood Management Project (Block 149.90 1349.10 1499.00 12 Boniyat-Distt. Baramulla). 14 JK- Kamalkote Sultan Daki Garkote , Nawarunda , Shahdra, jaba 2011- 22 Choolan Nallahs – Flood Management Project (Block Uri- Distt. 149.66 1346.92 1496.58 12 Baramulla. 15 JK- Hapath Khai Trikanjan, Nowshera Pehilpora, 2011- 23 Naganari,Zehanpora Nallahs- Flood Management(Block Boniyat 149.50 1345.50 1495.00 12 Distt. Baramulla) 19786.2 21984.7 Total 2198.48 8 6
In order to provide financial assistance to the state governments for undertaking flood management works in critical areas during the 11th plan period (2007-12), a state sector scheme, namely “Flood Management Programme” was launched at a total cost of Rs.8000 crores which was approved in principle by the cabinet in its meeting held on 01-11-2007. In Jammu and Kashmir state, the scheme was also launched. In Kashmir division 15 projects were taken up for implementation by the Irrigation and Flood Control Department. As the state falls under special category states, the funding pattern was 90:10 between centre and the state.
The total estimated cost of the 15 taken-up projects was Rs.21984.76 lacs. The center Government was expected to provide Rs.19786.28 lacs and the state Govt. was to bear the balance cost of Rs.2198.48 lacs. Among the taken-up projects 2 were started in 2008-09, 9 in 2009-10, 1 in 2010-11 and the remaining 3 in 2011-12. All the projects were having multiple components which mainly included flood protection, erosion control and drainage development works. Against the approved estimated cost of Rs.21984.76 lacs, the situation with regard to releases and the expenditure incurred on project wise basis is detailed below as provided by the Implementing Department.
Table 2.1
Releases and expenditure of Flood Management Projects in Kashmir division up to 31-03-2012.
Releases upto 31-03-2012 Expenditure up to 31-03-2012 (Rs. in lacs) (Rs. in lacs) S. Proje Name of the FMP State Central Total State Central Total No ct share share share share Code 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 JK-3 Improvements to flood spill channel in 141.36 819.82 961.18 141.36 819.82 961.18 jehlum 2 JK-6 Erosion Control/ Flood Control works on Lidder Nallah phase-II 54.70 383.68 438.38 54.70 383.68 438.38 3 JK-7 Erosion Control/ Flood Control works 71.50 510.03 581.53 71.50 510.03 581.53 on Veshow Nallah phase-II 4 JK-8 Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On Vethvethroo Nallah , Khanday 33.30 230.57 263.87 33.30 230.57 263.87 Nallah 5 JK-9 Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On Sandran Nallah , Wankran Nallah, 67.30 563.25 630.55 67.30 517.39 584.69 Sasra Nallah 6 JK- Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works 12 On various various tributaries of Jehlum 65.50 474.45 539.95 65.50 474.45 539.95 in Shangus, Bijbehara and Dooru Constituencies Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works JK- 7 On various various tributaries of Lidder, 69.89 506.14 576.03 69.89 506.14 576.03 13 River in Pahalgam constituency. 8 JK- Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works 14 On Aripal, Lam,Satoora, Mandoora, 63.02 457.39 520.41 63.02 457.39 520.41 Devar And Watalara Nallah 9 JK- Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works 26.92 155.07 181.99 26.92 152.73 179.65 10 On Vij Nallah Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works JK- 10 On Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah , 74.40 348.12 422.52 74.40 348.12 422.52 11 Dakil Nallah and Hapatnar Nallah. 11 JK- Drainage Development/ Enhancing 18 Flood Channel capacity at critical reaches of River Jehlum Bund Phase-II 100.00 826.85 926.85 100.00 760.50 860.50 from Sonwar Ghat to Dobji Ghat Gowkadal) Srinagar. 12 JK- Flood threat to River Jehlum (Urgent 5482.0 20 Works) 415.00 7394.68 7809.68 415.00 5897.05 5
13 JK- Lachipora (A&B) Bijhama Jabadar 21 Norkhan, Naloosa Nilnang,Bogna 10.00 135.00 145.00 10.00 135.00 145.00 Nallahs-Flood Management Project (Block Boniyat-Distt. Baramulla). 14 JK- Kamalkote Sultan Daki Garkote , 22 Nawarunda , Shahdra, jaba Choolan 10.00 135.00 145.00 10.00 135.00 145.00 Nallahs – Flood Management Project (Block Uri- Distt. Baramulla. 15 JK- Hapath Khai Trikanjan, Nowshera 23 Pehilpora, Naganari,Zehanpora Nallahs- 10.00 135.00 145.00 10.00 135.00 145.00 Flood Management(Block Boniyat Distt. Baramulla)
14287.9 11047.8 Total 1212.89 13075.05 1212.89 12260.76 4 7
As reported by the Implementing Department, the state Govt. had provided Rs.1212.89 lacs as its share by the end of March 2012 which standed fully utilized. This amount forms 55% of the total estimated cost which is obligatory for the state to provide as per the cost sharing arrangement between center and the state. The center share provided by the end of March 2012 amounts to Rs.13075.05 lacs out of which Rs.11047.87 lacs were utilized registering expenditure rate of 85%. The funds provided by the central Govt. form 66% of the estimated cost obligatory for the center as per the guidelines governing the cost sharing arrangement of the programme. In aggregate an amount of Rs.12260.76 lacs was utilized during the reference period against the released amount of Rs.14287.94 lacs at the expenditure rate of 86%. The aggregate amount released by the end of March 2012 was to the magnitude of Rs.14287.94 lacs against the approved estimated cost of Rs.21984.76 lacs which forms 65%. Thus an amount of Rs.7696.82 lacs more were required to be released to enable the Implementing Department to complete the taken-up 15 projects in Kashmir Division. The following table provides information on the estimated cost, releases and expenditure incurred on the projects from 2008-09 to the end of 2011-12 in composite manner.
Table 2.2
Breakup of Financial Achievement made under FMP w.e.f . 2008-09 to 2011-12 in Kashmir Division S/ Projec Year of Estimated Release Exp: %age exp. N t Code Name of the Flood Management start cost (Rs in (Rs. in to o Programme lacs) lacs) estimated cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 JK-3 Improvements to flood spill channel in 2008-09 1493.00 961.18 961.18 64% Jehlum 2 JK-6 Erosion Control/ Flood Control works on Lidder Nallah phase-II 2009-10 547.00 438.38 438.38 80% 3 JK-7 Erosion Control/ Flood Control works on 2009-10 715.00 581.53 581.53 Veshow Nallah phase-II 81% 4 JK-8 Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On Vethvethroo Nallah , Khanday Nallah 2009-10 333.00 263.87 263.87 79% 5 JK-9 Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On 87% Sandran Nallah , Wankran Nallah, Sasra 2009-10 673.00 630.55 584.69 Nallah 6 JK-12 Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On various various tributaries of Jehlum in 82% 2009-10 655.00 539.95 539.95 Shangus, Bijbehara and Dooru Constituencies Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On 83% 7 JK-13 various various tributaries of Lidder, River 2009-10 698.00 576.03 576.03 in Pahalgam constituency. 8 JK-14 Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On 81% Aripal, Lam,Satoora, Mandoora, Devar And 2009-10 640.00 520.41 520.41 Watalara Nallah 9 JK-10 Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On 2009-10 269.18 181.99 179.65 67% Vij Nallah Erosion Control/ Flood Control Works On 10 JK-11 Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah , Dakil 2009-10 744.00 422.52 422.52 57% Nallah and Hapatnar Nallah. 11 JK-18 Drainage Development/ Enhancing Flood 88% Channel capacity at critical reaches of River Jehlum Bund Phase-II from Sonwar Ghat to 2008-09 981.00 926.85 860.50 Dobji Ghat ( Gowkadal) Srinagar. 12 JK-20 Flood threat to River Jehlum (Urgent 61% 2010-11 9746.00 7809.68 5897.05 Works) 13 JK-21 Lachipora (A&B) Bijhama Jabadar 10% Norkhan, Naloosa Nilnang,Bogna Nallahs- 2011-12 1499.00 145.00 145.00 Flood Management Project (Block Boniyat- Distt. Baramulla). 14 JK-22 Kamalkote Sultan Daki Garkote , 10% Nawarunda , Shahdra, jaba Choolan Nallahs 2011-12 1496.58 145.00 145.00 – Flood Management Project (Block Uri- Distt. Baramulla. 15 JK-23 Hapath Khai Trikanjan, Nowshera 10% Pehilpora, Naganari,Zehanpora Nallahs- 2011-12 145.00 145.00 Flood Management(Block Boniyat Distt. 1495.00 Baramulla) Total 21984.76 14287.94 12260.76 56%
The above table reflects releases and expenditure made against the estimated cost of all the projects of Kashmir Division. It can be seen that during the reference period 15 Projects were taken up at an estimated cost of Rs.21984.76 lacs, against which Rs.14287.94 lacs were released upto 31.03-2012 and an amount of Rs.12260.76 lacs were incurred on various works under these 15 projects, as per official claims. The overall balance cost of 15 projects which include Central as well state share constitutes an amount of Rs.7696.82 lacs (35%) was yet to be released as on date.
The project-wise information also suggests that not a single project was completed by the end of 2011-12. Financially 8 projects were completed to the extent of more than 80%, 4 projects were in the midway of completion and the remaining 3 projects were on the initial stage by the end of 2011-12 as only 10% expenditure was incurred on each of them viz-a-viz estimated cost. The low releases and expenditure in respect of these 3 projects was understandably so because these were taken-up in 2011-12 itself. The token provision provided for the projects during the year of start was fully utilized.
Sample Projects:
Evaluation studies are basically sample based studies drawing inferences and conclusions from the field of enquiry on the basis of principle of statistical regularity. This principle states that whatever is true of a small sample drawn at random from a universe is equally true of the universe itself. Further, given the quantum of evaluation work, the state level evaluation committee had time and again stressed to confine the studies to limited geographical areas. Accordingly in the instant study 2 flood protection projects were selected at random from the frame of 15 projects. The description of the selected projects is detailed below alongwith other financial details:-
Table 2.3
Year wise availability of funds and expenditure of Sample Projects w.e.f. 2008-09 to 2011-12
S. Project Project Availability Expenditu N Code Sample Project Name Estimated Year (Rs. In lacs) re o Cost State/Centre (Rs. In District Lacs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Erosion control/Flood 2008-09 30.18 30.18
control works on Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, 2009-10 307.64 307.64 Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar JK-11 744.00 2010-11 84.70 84.70 Nallah, District Baramulla 2011-12 - - Total (A) 744.00 422.52 422.52 Baramulla % age of expenditure against the releases 100% 2 Erosion control/Flood 2008-09 67.00 67.00
control works on tributaries of Lidder River 2009-10 146.90 146.90 in Pahalgam 2010-11 241.43 241.43 Constituency,District 698.00 JK-13 2011-12 120.70 120.70 Anantnag. Total (A) 698.00 576.03 576.03 Anantnag % age of expenditure against the releases 100% Grand Total (A+B) 998.55 998.55
The above table reflects the availability and expenditures of the funds of two selected sample projects during the reference period from 2008-09 to 2011-12. An amount of Rs.576.03 lacs and Rs.422.52 lacs were respectively released in respect of FMP works for the projects JK-13 in District Anantnag and project JK-11 in District Baramulla, during the period under reference. No releases and expenditure was made during 2011-12 in respect of the works in the project JK-11, which hampered the completion of various works taken up for execution well in time. Moreover, against the total estimated cost of Rs.698.00 lacs under Project JK-13 only Rs.576.03(82.52%) lacs stands released. Similarly, against the estimated cost of Rs.744.00 lacs under the project JK-11, an amount of Rs.422.52 (56.79%) was released. The amount released was reported fully utilized during the reference period. The Implementing Agencies need to look into the non release of funds as it hampers the early completion of the works and also could contribute to cost escalation. Furthermore, the Implementing Agencies need to complete all the codal formalities for early release of balance funds so that the set targets are achieved well within the stipulated time frame.
Physical achievements in sample projects:
The financial inputs serve as means and ultimate objective is realized in the form of physical achievements. The viability and feasibility of the project lies on the quantum of physical achievements viz-a-viz the cost inputs. In flood protection projects the achievement of physical objectives are realized in the form of population protected, villages protected, cultivable land protected, land protected from erosion and protection provided to various private and public assets including roads, railway lines etc. At the division level the Implementing Department was unable to provide the details of physical achievements in respect of the taken-up projects. However, in respect of sample projects the same was obtained from the respective Executive Engineers which is reflected below:- Table 2.4 Physical Achievements of Sample Projects
S/ Population
Villages Benefitted Erosion control Submergence No Benefitted Sample Project Name
District Target Ach. Target Ach. Target Ach. Target Ach.
Project Code (No) (No) (No) (No) (Hect) (Hect. ) (Hect.) (Hect) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Erosion control/Flood control works on
11 Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil - 34 24 81000 56000 1300 920 320 224
JK Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla Baramulla
2 Erosion control/Flood control works on tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam 13 - Constituency, 74 74 76000 76000 5061 5061 200 200 JK Anantnag District Anantnag. Total 108 98 157000 132000 6361 5981 520 424 82% 91% 84% 94% %age
In respect of sample project JK-11, the target was to provide protection from floods to 34 villages against which the Implementing Department claimed to had ensured protection of 24 villages as a result of works completed by the end of 2011-12. The population which was targeted to benefit was 81000 of which 56000 was claimed covered. In respect of land protected from soil erosion the achievement was of the order of 920 hectares against the set targets of 1300 hectares for the project. In addition to it 224 hectares of land was given protection from sub-mergence viz-a-viz target of 320 hectares, thus providing safety to the standing crops.
As regards the physical achievements of sample project JK-13 (Anantnag) the targets set under all the components/items were reported fully achieved by the Implementing Department. As a result of flood protection and erosion control works undertaken in the project area, 74 villages were reported to had benefitted with a population of 76000 souls. In addition to it 5061 hectares of land was protected from soil erosion and 200 hectares from submergence by the end of 2011-12. In aggregate under the 2 sample projects the Department claimed to had achieved the village targets by 91%, population targets by 84%, erosion control targets by 94% and submergence protection targets by 82% by the end of 2011-12.
Labour Generation:
The flood protection projects are moderately labour intensive projects in nature. The primary objective of the works under-taken is to provide protection to life, and property from the floods. But the capability of the programme to generate employment opportunities for the people residing in the project areas can not be under-mined. The details of mandays generated in respect of sample projects during its execution from 2008-09 to 2011-12 alongwith financial earnings/expenditure are detailed below:-
Table 2.5
Physical and Financial Progress of Labour Component.
S/ Physical Progress Financial progress
N Target Allocation Expdt: o Sample Project Name Labour component Ach: District (No: of (Rs. in (Rs. i n
Project Code (No: of Days) Days) lacs) lacs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Erosion control/Flood control works on Skilled 17846 14500 50.75 50.75 Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & 11
- Un-Skilled 37476 30451 76.13 76.13
JK Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla Baramulla Total (A) 55322 44951 126.88 126.88
2 Erosion control/Flood control works on Skilled 12573 12573 31.43 31.43
13 tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam Un-Skilled 73343 73343 73.34 73.34 -
JK Constituency, Anantnag District Anantnag. Total (B) 85916 85916 104.77 104.77 Total Skilled 30419 27073 82.18 82.18 Total Un-Skilled 110819 103794 149.47 149.47 G.Total 141238 130867 231.65 231.65
Under Erosion and Flood Control Project JK-11 (Baramulla) 44951 mandays were generated during the reference period 2008-09 to 2011-12 against the set targets of 55322 mandays. The mandays under skilled category were 14500 and under unskilled category 30451. The amount utilized on the remuneration of the employment days was of the order of Rs.126.88 lacs.
Under Erosion and Flood Control Project JK-13 (Anantnag) 85916 mandays were generated against the set targets of the same magnitude. The skilled mandays generated were of the order of 12573 and the remaining 73343 mandays were of unskilled nature. An amount of Rs.104.77 lacs was reported utilized as remuneration to the labourers engaged under the project activities. In aggregate 103794 unskilled mandays were generated under the two sample projects during the reference period against the set targets of 110819. The skilled mandays generated were of the magnitude of 27073 against the set targets of 30419.
While taking all the mandays generated into consideration the Department claimed to had generated 130867 mandays under the two sample projects during the reference period. The amount utilized on the labour component was of the order of Rs. 231.65 lacs which constitutes more than 23% of the total expenditure incurred on the projects by the end of 2011-12. However, the huge variation in the amount utilized on the labour component of the two projects is disturbing. Under project JK-11 , 44951 mandays costed Rs.126.88 lacs whileas, under project JK-13, only Rs.104.77 lacs were utilized on 85916 mandays. The average remuneration under JK-11 was Rs.282 per manday whileas it was only Rs.122 per manday in respect of project JK-13 (Anantnag). The Department concerned is under obligation to justify the official claim with regard to mandays generated and remuneration utilized thereon.
Activities undertaken:
The specific works that are undertaken under the project depend on various factors including the nature of river flow and the topography of the area. The main works reported executed by the Implementing Department were retaining walls, crates, culverts and channelization. The following table provides information on the component wise releases and expenditure under the sample projects with work done liabilities as reported by the Department.
Table 2.6
Activity wise financial achievements and work done liability
Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah, Binner Erosion control/Flood control works on tributaries of Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla Lidder River in Pahalgam Constituency, District Anantnag.
S. cost
Expdt. Expdt. In lacs) In lacs) No Activity Liability Liability Approved Work Done Work Done (Rs. In lacs) (Rs. In lacs) Approved cost Releases (Rs Releases (Rs
1 R-Wall 322.31 322.31 84.88 393.49 393.49 92.40
2 Crates 21.22 21.22 33.86 133.56 133.56 16.60
3 Culvert 60.56 60.56 10.11 - - 744.00 lacs 698.00 lacs -
Channel- 4 18.43 18.43 1.20 48.98 48.98 13.97 ization
422.52 422.52 130.05 576.03 576.03 122.97
The main component of works that were undertaken in the twin projects of JK-11 and JK-13 include Retaining walls, Boulder Bunds/ Toe crates, culverts & channelization. The estimated cost of Rs.744.00 lacs were approved in respect of FP works carried out under “Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla”. Against the allocation of Rs.744.00 lacs, Rs.422.52 lacs, were released which standed fully utilized. The work done liability as on 1-4-2012 was Rs.130.05 lacs as per the official claims. Similarly it can be observed form the above table that in respect of FP works done under the project, “Erosion control/Flood control works on tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam Constituency,District Anantnag”, the approved project cost was Rs.698.00 lacs, Out of the total approved cost of the project, an amount of Rs.576.03 lacs were released during the reference period, which standed fully utilized by the Executing Agency as per the official claims. The work done liability on account of various works done by the Implementing Agency as on 01-04-2012 was Rs.122.97 lacs. It is pertinent to mention that in both the projects the nature of the work was identical in terms of construction of retaining walls in concrete and masonry work, Toe crates, Boulder Bunds & channelization of the Nallahs.
Chapter - III Field Findings: Keeping in view the objectives of the Evaluation study, field operation, as per the approved design were launched by adopting random sampling procedure. The field operations were carried out by the concerned staff of District Statistics and Evaluation Officers(DSEO’s) of Anantanag & Baramulla under the close supervision of Regional Joint Director Kashmir. In order to assess the success or failure of the scheme, the feedback from knowledgeable persons was obtained & physical verification of the various assets created under the programme was done. The scheme under report envisages to control loss of life and property by way of construction of bunds in the shape of boulder work, masonary concrete walls, construction of culverts and channelization of Nallahs. Fifteen projects were taken up in Kashmir Division under the Flood Management Programme(FMP). Two projects viz JK-11 Erosion Control, Flood Control on Hammal Nallah and Hapatnar Nallah) in District Baramulla & JK-13 (Erosion Control) Flood control works on tributaries of Lidder river in Pahalagam constituency in District Anantag were selected for detailed field enquiry. There were four major works taken up by the project authorities in these projects viz Retaining Walls in masonry / concrete, boulder bunds, construction of Culverts and Channelization works such as dredging to streamline the flow of discharge in the Nallahs. During the course of field investigations 53% works were physically verified by the Evaluation teams. The selection of sites in respect of both projects is tabulated hereunder:- Table 3.0
Number of sample sites selected
S/ No
Total works/sites Number of Sample Project Name covered under the Sample %age Code Project District Works/Sites Selected Project 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah, Binner 11 1 - Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar 71 38 53% JK
Baramulla Nallah, District Baramulla Erosion control/Flood control
works on tributaries of Lidder 13 2 - River in Pahalgam Constituency, 117 62 53% JK
Anantnag District Anantnag. Total 188 100 53%
A total number of 188 works were executed in both the projects out of which 100 works (53%) were selected randomly for on spot physical verification and estimation of impacts. Out of 188 works executed by project authorities, 71 were executed in the project JK-11 and 117 works were executed in the project JK-13. Activity wise sample works: In the sample projects, four types of works were executed by the Implementing Department, keeping in view the requirements/ feasibility of the specific area. The works included retaining walls, culverts, crate/ boulder bands and channelization. The following table provides the number of works taken up for physical verification under different activities/ works viz-a-viz the total works executed under the sample projects.
Table 3.01
Activity wise Sample Selection of the Selected Projects S/ Crate/Boulder Retaining wall Culverts Channelization No Bunds Sample Project Name
District Sample Sample Sample Sample Ach: Ach: Ach: Ach: Project Code Selected Selected Selected Selected 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Erosion control/Flood
control works on Hammal 11 - Nallah, Binner Nallah, 50 28 10 5 7 3 4 2 JK
Baramulla Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla 2 Erosion control/Flood
control works on 13 - tributaries of Lidder River 43 18 - - 60 38 14 6 JK
Anantnag in Pahalgam Constituency, District Anantnag. Total 93 46 10 5 67 41 18 8
It could be seen from the above table that the sample for physical verification was taken from all the executed works to the required extent of 50% or around it. In all the total sample of 100 works included 46 Retaining walls, 5 culverts, 41 crates/ boulder bands and 8 channelization works. Under the project JK-B (Anantnag) no culvert was constructed as such this type of work was choosen for physical verification from the project JK-11 (Baramullah) alone. The other three type of works were executed in both the projects. Physical S tatus of Sample Works: The Evaluation Teams are, infact, not mandated to verify or comment on the delicate technical and mechanical aspects of the executed works. In case these aspects also require verification, constitution of multi- disciplinary teams represented by the subject matter specialists is desirable. In the normal evaluation auditing and physical verification exercises, the delicate technical and mechanical aspects are not touched for obvious reasons. The physical verification exercise is confined to the existence of work, present status, genuiness of work site and other visible parameters which could be gauged even by a common man. The status of sample works as verified in the field is depicted hereunder:-
Table 3.2
Status of the sample works in sample projects S/ Whether
Sample Identified N Works works/ Status of Work work/site o exist on sites is genuine Sample Project Name Ground Physical District In- Left ly Compl Ye Project Code Yes No Progr Half No Verified ete s ess way 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Erosion control/Flood control works on
11 Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil 1 - 38 38 - 34 4 - 38 - JK Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla Baramulla Erosion control/Flood control works on
tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam 13 2 - Constituency, 62 61 1 62 - - 56 6 JK Anantnag District Anantnag.
Total 100 99 1 96 4 - 94 6 % age 99% 1% 96% 4% - 94% 6%
Out of 100 sample works reported executed by the Implementing Department in respect of both the projects 99 works were found existing on the ground and only 1 work could not be located as on the date of survey. The work which was not located was basically a channelization work done by Executing Agency at the initial stages of the project and as such no debris/ mud and silt was traced on the spot by virtue of which this type of work could have been verified as executed. Further, in case of channelization works, it was difficult to ascertain the proper specification of the executed work. Regarding present status of executed works 96% sample works were found complete and 4% works were still in progress as on the date of survey. Furthermore, from the above table it can be seen that 94% sample works executed by the project authorities were found genuine and the rest 6% were observed not genuine and feasible so for as site of construction was concerned with relation to the specific objectives of the programme. No sign boards were found anywhere on the sites of construction which was mandatory for the concerned Department for evolving public interest in the development programmes which ultimately aims at ensuring transparency in the execution and proper prioritization of works. Status of Retaining Walls: Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to unnatural slopes. However, in flood management works the Retaining wall serves multiple purposes. It acts as barrier to existing elevated ground profile against direct flow hit. It acts as protect wall not allowing flood water to creep into the area which lies below the flood level of the Nallah/ river. It also acts as toe protection for earthen embankment of streams and a facilitator for managing smooth flow of water in streams/ Nallahas. Retaining walls are normally constructed of stone masonary as well as of mass concrete. Under the two sample projets 50 Retaining walls in JK-11 (Baramulla) and 43 in JK-13(Anantnag) were reported constructed during the period under reference. The physical verification was conducted in respect of 28 such works in Baramulla and 18 in Anantnag aggregating to 46. The length of these retaining walls was measured by Evaluation teams which was of the magnitude of 3187 meaters in respect of JK- 11(Baramulla) and 3025 meters for JK-13 (Anantnag). The condition of 41 works was found intact and 5 works were found partially damaged. The situation is also presented in the following table on projectwise basis:-
‘
Table 3.3
Physical Status of Retaining Walls in Sample Projects
S/ Retaining Walls Condition of Embankment
Sample works/ No Sample Project Name site Physically Partially Full Code
District Project Length (Mtrs) Intact verified Damaged Damaged 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Erosion control/Flood control works on
11 Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil 1 - 28 3187 26 2 - JK Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla Baramulla
Erosion control/Flood control works on
13 tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam 2 - 18 3025 15 3 - JK Constituency, Anantnag District Anantnag. Total 46 6212 41 05 - % age 89% 11% It needs special mention here that the individual works were a little deviated from the approved specifications in all dimensions of length, width and height. The Executing Agency owes the responsibility to explain the reasons of deviations noticed by the Evaluation teams.
Physical status of Boulder Bunds: Boulder bunds with or without wire crate are constructed for slope protection for embankment, bank revetment, spurs etc. The boulders which are naturally available in Nallahas are used as material and systematically placed on the vulnerable spots of shooting flow. The material is also packed in wired envelope cages. These bunds are opted for construction where, in view of shooting flow conditions, permanent Retaining wall construction is difficult. In the two sample projects 60 crate/ boulder bunds were constructed under JK-13 (Anantnag) and 7 under JK-11 Baramulla aggregating of 67. A sample of 41 from this component of work was put to physical verification. The findings are presented in the following table:-
Table 3.4 Physical Status of Boulder Bunds/Toe Crates S/ Sample Boulder Bund Condition of Boulder Bund N works/ site o Sample Project Name Partially Full
District Physically
Project Code Length (Mtrs) Intact Damage Dama verified d ged 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar 11 1 - 3 712 2 1 -
JK Nallah, District Baramulla Baramulla
Erosion control/Flood control works on
13 2 - tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam 38 7692 17 20 1 JK
Anantnag Constituency, District Anantnag. Total 41 8404 19 21 1 % age 46% 51% 3% A total number of 41 boulder bunds with crates, were verified by investigation team in respect of two projects JK-11 & JK-13. The team verified 712 mtrs of crate revetments of 3 works in respect of JK-11. Similarly, In District Anantnag under the sample works of the project, 7692 mtrs of crate revetments executed under 38 works were put to examination. The condition of 19 boulder bunds (46%) was found intact and the status of 21 works (51%) was partially damaged. The remaining 1 work was seen fully damaged on the date of survey.
Physical Verification of Culverts:
A culvert is a structure that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail or similar obstruction. A culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced concrete or other material. These may be used to form a bridge like structure to carry traffic. Culverts may be made of concrete, galvalinized steel, aluminum or plastic. Under the two sample projects this component was reported undertaken in JK-11 (Baramulla) only. During the reference period 10 culverts were reported constructed under the FMP and 5 of them were put to physical verification. The findings are presented in the following table:-
Table 3.5 PHYSICAL STATUS OF CULVERTS
S/ Culverts Condition of the culverts
Sample works/ No Sample Project Name site Physically Partially Full Code Project District Length (Mtrs) Intact verified Damaged Damaged 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal
11 Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar 1 - 5 213 5 - - JK Nallah, District Baramulla Baramulla
Erosion control/Flood control works on tributaries
13 of Lidder River in Pahalgam Constituency, 2 ------JK District Anantnag. Anantnag
Total 05 213 05 % age 100%
The construction of culverts was one of the important activities carried out by the Implementing Agencies. In the project, “Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla” a sample of 05 number of culverts were physically verified by the Evaluation Team. The total length of these culverts was found as 213 mtrs. In sample project Anantnag no such work was executed. As on date of survey all the sample works were found intact and in good condition.
Physical verification of Channelization:
As per the natural phenomena, the flowing water carries with it silt, boulders and other material which gets settled and thus the carrying capacity of the river gets reduced. In the event of floods the adjacent areas get submerged. In order to streamline the flow of discharge and avoid submergence of adjacent areas, channelization works such as dredging is done. In the sample project of Baramulla 4 channelization works and in Anantnag project 14 channelization works aggregating to 18 were reported executed by the Implementing Department during the reference period. Under the instant study 8 works under this component were put to physical verification. The ascertained status is reflected in the following table:-
Table 3.6 Physical Status of channelization works
S/ Sample works/ Dimensions of works Whether located No Sample Project Name site Physically executed Code Project District verified Length(mtrs) Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil 11 - 1 - 2 1200m 2 JK Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla Baramulla
Erosion control/Flood control works on
13 tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam 2 - 6 1653m 5 1
JK Constituency, Anantnag District Anantnag.
Total 8 2853m 7 1
As a matter of fact it is difficult to ascertain the execution of channelization works in the field. As reported by the Evaluation Teams that in case of seven (7) such works, heaps of silt was lying at the sight of execution, which justify the official claims. In case of one work in the Project JK-13 Anantnag, nothing was visible because the same work was reported executed way back in 2008-09. As per table 3.6 it can be seen that the channelization was done covering an area of 2853 meters at seven different places/ sites.
Population benefited and land Projected:
While going for physical verification of selected works / sites, the Evaluation teams attempted, as per the stipulations of the study, to make an eye estimation of the land protected from erosion and sub-mergence as a result of the works executed at each selected site. Besides this, assessment was also made in respect of the villages who managed protection and the approximate population residing in these villages. The aggregate figures showed that the flood protection works at the sample sites provided protection to the nearby villages with the population of approximately 96039 souls. The situation with regard to land protection is reflected in the following table:-
Table 3.7 Population Benefitted and land protected from Erosion & Submergence in Sample Works.
S/ Land Protected from Land Protected from
No Sample works/ Erosion submergence Sample Project Name site Physically
Pop: (In Kanals) (In kanals) District
verified Benefitted Project Code Irrigated Un -irrigated Irrigated Un -irrigated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Erosion control/Flood control works on
11 Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah - 1 - 38 1510 2390 100
JK & Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla 85450 Baramulla
Erosion control/Flood control works on
tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam 13 2 - Constituency, 62 435 105 417 870 JK 10589
Anantnag District Anantnag.
Total 100 1945 2495 517 870 96039
The 100 sample works under 4 different components provided protection approximately to 1945 kanals of irrigated land and 2495 kanals of un-irrigated land from erosion. Similarly an area of 517 kanals of irrigated and 870 kanals of un-irrigated land was protected from submergence. The primary objective of flood protection works is to protect life and property which mainly includes human life, livestock, standing crops and residential houses. But while providing protection to these basic entities, various public and private assets of economic and social nature also manage protection which include industrial units, hospitals, schools etc. The achievements with regard to this aspect of the programme in respect of sample works was assessed as depicted below:-
Table 3.8 Public and private assets protected in sample projects
S/
No Sample works/ Pubic Private Religious Sample Project Name sites
District Assets Assets Building roject Code P
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah,
Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District 11 1 - Baramulla 38 57 03 11 JK Baramulla Erosion control/Flood control works on tributaries of
Lidder River in Pahalgam Constituency, 13 2 - District Anantnag. 62 114 02 01 JK Anantnag
Total 100 171 05 12
By the execution of various activities under the projects, both public and private assets have been saved. It can be seen from the above table that 171 public assets, 5 private assets and 12 religious buildings were ensured protection.
Response of Knowledgable persons:
The flood protection works are basically of community oriented nature. A single flood protection work may provide protection to different assets of different people including houses, land, shops, schools, hospitals, religious places, roads etc. In such a situation, instead of eliciting opinion from the beneficiaries of diverse nature, the observations of the Evaluation Teams were deemed feasible and appropriate for assessing the objectivity of the executed works. However, to have an assessment of the immediate beneficiaries of the project area, knowledgeable persons of the area who happen to be the beneficiaries as well were tapped for the purpose. The feedback of 3 knowledgeable persons in respect of each sample work aggregating to 300 was moderately enough to have an assessment of the beneficiary perspective on the efficiency and satisfaction parameters. They were asked to express their views in respect of various components of the programme as observed by them in their respective areas. The following table gives us the details of number of knowledgeable persons contacted in the field.
Table 3.9 Sample selection of knowledgeable persons
S/
Sample Sample Total No Number Sample Project Name works/ sites selected No: Code
District Project responded %age per site Selected Responded 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Erosion control/Flood control works on Hammal Nallah,
11 Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar Nallah, District -
1 K 38 3 114 114 100%
J Baramulla Baramulla
Erosion control/Flood control works on tributaries of
Lidder River in Pahalgam Constituency, 13 2 - District Anantnag. 62 3 186 186 100% JK Anantnag
Total 100 300 300
The above table reveals that a total of 300 knowledgeable persons were selected in respect of both projects to have an assessment of the impact and effect of various activities implemented in the project. The response of the knowledgeable persons was 100%. The Educational Status of the knowledgeable persons contacted/covered during the course of field investigations is depicted in the table given here under:
Table 3.10 Educational status of the knowledgeable persons
S/ Number of Knowledgeable persons
No Sample Sample Project Name
District Selected 10+2 Matric Project Code Middle Primary Illiterate & above Graduate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Erosion control/Flood control works on 11 1 - 114 32 6 31 19 17 9
JK Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah &
Baramulla Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla
Erosion control/Flood control works on
13 tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam 2 - 186 114 2 16 31 15 8 JK Constituency, Anantnag District Anantnag. Total 300 146 8 47 50 32 17 %age 49% 3% 15% 16% 11% 6%
A total number of 300 knowledgeable persons were contacted in both projects of JK- 11 & JK-13. It was found that 49% were illiterate , 3% were of primary standard, 15% were middle pass, 16% were matriculate, 11% were 12th pass and 6% were graduate and above. The responses of the knowledgeable persons in respect of various efficiency parameters of the programme are detailed in the following table:-
Table 3.11 OPINION OF KNOWLEDGEABLE PERSONS REGARDING WORKS EXECUTED IN SAMPLE PROJECTS
S/ Site Status of work Nature of work N appropriate executed
o
Sample Project Name
District Sample No Project Code Yes work Flood complete
Erosion - Complete Protection In Submergence
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Erosion control/Flood control works on
11
- Hammal Nallah, Binner Nallah, Dakil Nallah & 1 a 114 111 03 114 - 114 114 114 JK Hapatnar Nallah, District Baramulla Baramull
Erosion control/Flood control works on
13 tributaries of Lidder River in Pahalgam 2 - 186 181 05 183 03 186 186 186
JK Constituency,
Anantnag District Anantnag. Total 300 292 08 297 03 300 300 300 %age 97% 3% 99% 1% 100% 100% 100%
The data in the above table reveals that in both the sample projects 97% knowledgeable persons were satisfied with feasibility of the sites. As far as nature of work is concerned all the knowledgeable persons were of the view that works were either erosion control works or submergence works or flood protection works. The views on other related parameters are depicted hereunder:-
Table 3.12 General opinion and Views of Knowledgeable persons
S
beneficial
. work Locals N Sample Project Name engaged execution of Local labour Satisfied with work executed Sample Consulted with District Approached for o Works Project Code
No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Erosion control/Flood control
11 works on Hammal Nallah, Binner 1 - 114 105 9 86 28 110 4 104 10 107 7
JK Nallah, Dakil Nallah & Hapatnar Baramulla Nallah, District Baramulla
Erosion control/Flood control
13 works on tributaries of Lidder River 2 - 186 180 6 186 - 174 12 105 81 179 7
JK in Pahalgam Constituency, Anantnag District Anantnag.
Total 300 285 15 272 28 284 16 209 91 286 14
%age 95% 5% 91% 9% 95% 5% 70% 30% 95% 5%
The data in the above table reflects the level of satisfaction and general views of knowledgeable persons. It reveals that 95% knowledgeable persons were of the view that they were consulted prior to the execution of the works, 91% knowledgeable persons reported that local labour force was engaged during the execution of works, 95% knowledgeable persons were satisfied with the execution of the work. In addition to this 70% knowledgeable persons reported that they approached the project authorities for execution of Flood management projects & 95% reported that the works executed were beneficial for community as a whole.
Chapter -IV Summary of Main Findings
In Kashmir Division the total estimated cost of the 15 taken-up projects under Flood Management Programme was Rs.21984.76 lacs. Among the taken-up projects 2 were started in 2008-09, 9 in 2009-10, 1 in 2010-11 and the remaining 3 in 2011-12. All the projects were having multiple components which mainly included flood protection works, erosion control works and drainage development works.
In aggregate an amount of Rs.12260.76 lacs was utilized during the reference period against the released amount of Rs.14287.94 lacs at the expenditure rate of 86%. The aggregate amount released by the end of March 2012 was to the magnitude of Rs.14287.94 lacs against the approved estimated cost of Rs.21984.76 lacs which form 65%. Thus an amount of Rs.7696.82 lacs more were required to be released to enable the Implementing Department to complete the taken-up 15 projects in Kashmir Division.
The projectwise information suggests that not a single project was completed by the end of 2011-12. Financially, 8 projects were completed to the extent of more than 80%, 4 projects were in the midway of completion and the remaining 3 projects were on the initial stage by the end of 2011-12 as only 10% expenditure was incurred on each of them viz-a-viz estimated cost. The low releases and expenditure in respect of these 3 projects were understandably so because these were taken up in 2011-12 itself. The token provision provided for the projects during the year of start was fully utilized.
In respect of 2 sample projects, an amount of Rs.576.03 lacs were released in favour of JK-13 (Anantnag) against the estimated cost of Rs.698.00 lacs and Rs.422.52 lacs in favour of JK-11 (Baramulla) against the estimated cost of Rs.744.00 lacs. The amount released was reported fully utilized during the reference period.
At the Division level, the Implementing Department was unable to provide the details of physical achievements in respect of the taken-up projects. However, in respect of 2 sample projects the same was obtained from the respective Executive Engineers. In aggregate under the 2 sample projects the Department claimed to had achieved the village targets by 91%, population targets by 84%, erosion control targets by 94% and submerge protection targets by 82% by the end of 2011-12.
While taking all the mandays generated into consideration, the Department claimed to had generated 130867 mandays under the 2 sample projects during the reference period. The amount utilized on the labour component was of the order of Rs.231.65 lacs which constitutes more than 23% of the total expenditure incurred on the projects by the end of 2011-12.
The main component of works executed in the sample projects were retaining walls, Boulder Bunds/toe crates, culverts and channelization. A total of 188 works were executed in both the sample projects out of which 100 works (53%) were selected randomly for on-spot physical verification and estimation of impacts. 38 works under the project Jk-11 (Baramulla) and 62 works under JK-13 (Anantnag) were put to physical verification/ impact assessment. The physical verification exercise is confined to the existence of work, present status, genuineness of work site and other visible parameters which could be gauged even by a common man. The delicate technical and mechanical aspects of the executed works are beyond the mandated assignment of Evaluation teams. Out of 100 sample works reported executed, 99 works were found existing on the ground and only 1 work under channelization could not be verified. The non-verified work was reported executed at the initial stage of the project but no debris/ mud/ silt extracted was found on the spot of work by virtue of which the work could have been verified as executed.
Regarding present status of works 96% sample works were found complete and 4% works were still in progress as on the date of survey. Furthermore, 94% sample works were found genuine and the rest 6% were observed not genuine and feasible so far as site of construction was concerned with relation to the specific objectives of the programme. No sign boards were found anywhere on the site of construction which was mandatory for the concerned department for evolving public interest in the development programmmes which ultimately aims at ensuring transparency and desired priotization of works.
Almost all the individual works were found to be a little deviated from the approved specifications in all the dimensions of length, width and height. The Executing Agency owes the responsibility to explain the reasons of deviations noticed by the Evaluation teams.
As a part of physical verification, the Evaluation Teams attempted, as per the stipulations of the study, to make an eye estimation of the land protected from erosion and submergence as a result of the works executed at each selected site. Besides this, assessment was also made in respect of villages and population managing protection. The aggregate results showed that as a result of 100 sample works, protection was ensured for approximately 96039 souls. In addition to it 1945 kanals of irrigated land and 2495 kanals of un-irrigated land was given protection from erosion. Similarly, an area of 517 kanals of irrigated and 870 kanals of un-irrigated land was protected from submergence.
The primary objective of flood protection works is to protect life and property which mainly includes human life, livestock, standing crops and residential houses. But while providing protection to these basic entities, various public and private assets of economic and social value also got protected. The 100 sample works verified reveals that protection has been provided to 171 public assets, 5 private assets and 12 religious places as well.
The response of knowledgeable persons revealed that 97% were satisfied about the feasibility of sites of flood protection works taken-up under the sample projects. 95% knowledgeable persons reported that they were consulted prior to the execution of works, 91% revealed that local labour force was engaged during the execution of works and 95% asserted that the works executed were of community oriented nature.