REVIEW of SHWASHAR DRAVYAS in RASASHASTRA Wankhade Rajesh1 Bhabhad Pradeep2 Mandalkar Pramod3 Mantri Kiran4

Review Article International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ISSN:2320 5091

REVIEW OF SHWASHAR DRAVYAS IN RASASHASTRA Wankhade Rajesh1 Bhabhad Pradeep2 Mandalkar Pramod3 Mantri Kiran4

1Assosiate Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, S.M.B.T. Ayurved College & Hospital, Dhamangoan, Nashik, Maharashtra, India 2Professor, Department of Samhita & Siddhanta, S.M.B.T. Ayurved College & Hospital, Dhamangoan, Nashik, Maharashtra, India 3Assistant Professor, Department of Panchakarma, S.M.B.T. Ayurved College & Hospital, Dhamangoan, Nashik, Maharashtra, India 4Assistant Professor, Department of Agadtantra, S.M.B.T. Ayurved College & Hospital, Dhamangoan, Nashik, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT Historical studies of Rasashastra reveal the use of metals and minerals, both for al- chemical and therapeutically purpose in ancient past. In Ayurveda there are three types of medicine Asuri, Daiwi and Manavi. Rasaushadhi’s comes under Daiwichikitsa. As Ra- saushadhis have no particular taste, required in lesser dosage, have fine particle and easy to administration. Shwasha is a disease of Pranvaha strotasa which occurs due to vitiation of mainly Rasa Dhatu and Kapha Dosha. Among Rasaushadhi’s many Drava’s are indicated in Swashachikista. Almost 27 Rasayoga’s have been mentioned in Swashadhikara of Bhaisha- jyaratnavali, 19 Rasayogas have been mentioned for Shwasha Vikar in Rasatantrasara and Sidhaprayogasangraha and 13 Rasyoga in Rasachadanshu. Here this article aims to review some of the important Rasa dravyas used n Swashachikista. After the study of different Rasaaushadi’s formulation, it was found that Gandhaka & Pippali are most widely used as Shwashara drugs. Keywords: Shwasha, Rasaushadhi, Yoga

INTRODUCTION Rasa dravyas are widely practiced in Shwasha is not only a Vyadhi but treatment of Shwasha. also enlisted in Lakshana of many other Samprapti Ghatakas in Shwasha2 diseases. It manifest as a Lakshana, Vyad- . Dosha- Praan vaayu, Udaan hi and Upadrava. In Ayurveda there are Vyayu,Keldak Kapha three types of medicine. Asuri, Daiwi and . Dooshya- Rasavaha Manavi. Rasaushadhi’s comes under Dai- . Agni- Jataragni wichikista1 and it has no particular taste, it . Srotas- Praanvaha, Annavaha, is easy administrable because of its fine- Udakvaha ness. It can even be given in the man- . Srotodushti- Sanga agement of Kricchrasaadyavyadhi. Ad- . Vyakthavastha- Mana, Shareera ministrating Rasaushadhi’s even in small . Adhishtana- Praanvaha quantity along with suitable Anupana can . Udbhava sthana- Amashaya achieve desirable effect in the management . Rogamarga- Abhyantara of diseases. There is a wide spectrum of Types of Swasha Vikara3 shwasharadravyas mentioned in a) Mahashwasha Rasashastra. Due to its easy availability b) Udhrva Shwasha R Wankhade Rajesh Et; Al: Eview Of Shwashar Dravyas In Rasashastra c) Chinna Shwasha prises of drugs derived not only from herbs d) Tamak Shwasha but also from minerals, metals and animal e) Shudra Shwasha products. According to the source of origin Treatment principle in Shwasha: Ma- this mineral and metal products comes un- hashwasha, Udhrva Shwasha and Chinna der Parthiva or Khanija Dravya. They Shwasha are mentioned as Ashaadhya. have the following three characteristic at- While the treatment of Tamak shwasha is tributes: instant effectiveness, requirement depends on Vega-Avastha and Avega- in very small doses and extensive therapeutic utility irrespective of constitutional Avastha. In Vega-Avastha Vamana, 5 Virechana, Dhumpana is advised and Ra- variation . Almost 38 Rasayogas has been mentioned in Shwasha Chikista of sayan chikista is mentioned in Avaga – 6 Avastha4. Bhaishajyaratnavali and 19 Rasayogas to treat the Shwash Vyadhi in Rasatantrasara Importance of Rasaushadhis : The word and Sidhaprayogasangraha 7. Rasashastra literally means the “Science Classification of Rasa Dravyas 8 of Mercury”. It is a specialized branch of Maharasa, Uparasa, Sadharana rasa, Ayurveda dealing mainly with materials Dhatus ,Uupadhatu,Rratnas,Uparatnas, which are known as Rasa Dravyas. The SudhaVvarga, Sikata Varga,Visha products dealt under this discipline are an &Upavisha. important component of Ayurvedic thera- peutics. Pharmacopoeia of Ayurveda com- Individual dravyas having Swasha property among these are enlisted below Category Rasadravya acts as Swashaghna Maharasa Abhrak, Vaikranta,Malshik, Shilajithu , Rasak. Uparasa HaratalaRasanjana, Gandha, Manashila. Sadharana Rasa Hingul, Gouripashana, Kapardika. Dhatu Swarn,Tamra,Loha, Vanga, Yashad. Upadhatu Abhrak, Manashilla, Hartal. Ratna Praval, Takshrya, Vajra, Nilam, Mukta, Vaikranta. Visha Vatsanabha. Upavisha Dhatura. Sudha Varga Shukti, Mudharshrunga.

Apart from these single drugs there are  Indications: All type of Shwasha, many mineral and Herbomineral combi- Kasa, Heeka, Swarbheda nation which are usually used in various  Actions: Kaphaghna, Vaataghna, stages in Shwashachikista Deepana, Pachana and specially used Some of commonly used and the im- in Tamak Shwasha. portant formulations:  Dose: 500 mg, 1 tablet one time in a 1) Swashakuthar Rasa9 day.  Ingredients: Shuddha Parad (Mer-  Anupana: Ringani Kwatha, Nagveli cury), Shuddha Gandhak, Manahshila, Patra. Sindura, Shunthi, Shuddha 2) Swashachintamani Rasa 10 Vatsanabha, Krushan Marish and Pim-  Ingredients: Suddh Paarad, Shud- pali. dha Gandhaka,Lohabhasma, Ab-  Properties: Varna- Krushan, Rasa- hrakbhasma, Swarnamak- Katu, Guna-Laghu, Rooksha, Veerya- shikbhasma, Muktabhasma, Kan- Ushna, Vipaka-Katu takari.

www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue 11; November- 2015 R Wankhade Rajesh Et; Al: Eview Of Shwashar Dravyas In Rasashastra  Properties:Varna – Krushna, Rasa –  Indications: Kustha, Visarpaa, Katu, Guna – Laghu, Veerya –Ushna Krumi, Deepana, paachaka, Vipaka – Katu Vishagna and Plihaghna.  Indication: Tamak shwasha  Dose: 1to 8 Ratti (125mg -1gms).  Dose: ½ Gunja (60 mg) (1 to 2 tablets 2. Pippali (Piper longum)14 two times in a day).  Properties: Rasa – Katu, Guna –  Anupana : Warm water Tikshna, Laghu, Snigdha, Veerya – 3) Shwashantak Rasa11 Anushnashit  Ingredients: ShuddhaPaarad (Mer- Vipak-Madhura cury), Shuddha Gandhak, Tamara  Indications: Deepana, Pachana, Bhasma Saindhav and Pimplai. Shulaprashamana, Jwaraghna and  Properties: Verna-Krushna, Guna- Rasayana etc. Laghu, Rasa-Katu, Vipak-Katu,  Action: Vaatkaph shaamak Veerya-Ushna  Dose: 0.5-1.5 gm  Action: Kaphaghna, Kasaghna. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION  Dose: 125mg (1 to 2 tablets two According to Bhaishajya Ratnavali times in a day). almost 27 Rasa Yogas has been mentioned  Anupana: Honey in Shwashachikista among which 85% of 12 4) Sammerpanaag Rasa Yogas contain Paarad, Gandhak and Pim-  Ingredients: Shuddha Paar- pali as main ingredient. In Rasatantrasara ad(Mercury)Shuddha Gandhak, and Sidhaprayogasangraha 19 Rasa Yogas Shudha Somal, Shudhan Hartal, has been mentioned in Shwasha Chikitsa Shudha Manahshila in which Gandhak and Pimpali can been  Properties: Verna-Krushna, Guna- also seen in majority of Yogas. This indi- Ushna, Tikshna, Rasa-Katu, Vipak- cates that Gandhak and Pimpali are the Katu major components in Shwashahara formu- Veerya-Ushna lation. Most of the drugs show properties  Action:Vaat Kaphaghna like Deepana, Pachana, Ushna and Tik-  Preparation: Pills made in size of shna due to these properties it enhanced 1/2 Gunja (Approx 60mg). the Jatharagni as well as Dhatyagni which  Indication: Tamak Shwasha, Jeer- leads to cures the Agnimandhya, decrease na Kaphaja Vikara. the production of vitiated Kapha and acts  Dose: 60 mg 1 tablet one time in a as Rasayana. Their therapeutic action is day. based on Bhavanadravya. Dose of drugs,  Anupana: Tankan (125-250 mg) Anupana and Pathya-Apathya should be mix with Sammerpanaag Rasa kept in mind while administering the Rasa By evaluating the above formula- to avoid complications. Rasaushadi’s can tions it is clear that Ghandhaka be administered in different conditions of (Sulphar) and Pimpali have been Shwasha with different Anupanas to in- used extensively in majority of Ra- crease the bioavailability and to prevent sa formulations in Shwasha adverse effect. Chikitsa. REFERENCES 1. Dr. Sidhinandan Misra, Rasapadhati, Properties of Gandhaka (Sulphar) and st Pimppali . 1 ed, Varanasi.Choukhamba Orien- 1. Gandhaka (Sulphar)13 talia; 1987, pg 2. 2. Ravidata Tripathi (1993) Madhav Ni-  Properties: Rasa-Madhura, Tikta st Guna-Mrudu, Veerya-Ushna, daan, 1 ed, Varanasi: Vipaka-Katu ChaukambhaVidhyabhavan, pg 363. 3. Kaviraj Atridev Gupt, Vagbhata (2011) Ashtanga Hridaya, 1st ed, Varanasi: Choukambha Sansthan, pg 232. www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue 11; November- 2015 R Wankhade Rajesh Et; Al: Eview Of Shwashar Dravyas In Rasashastra 4. Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, revised 13. Santosh Khandal, Rasa-Bhaisajya Kal- by Charaka & Dridhabala with Ayur- pana, 10th2010, Publication Scheme, veda deepika commentary of Jaipur, pg185. Chakrapanidatta, edited by Vd. 14. KrushanchandraChunekar, Bhavpra- Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, Chau- kash-Nighantu, 2nd ed. 2009, Chu- khambha Prakashan, Varanasi, reprint khambha Bharti Acadmy,Varanasi. pg- 2007; Chikitsa Sthana 17/73., Pg426. 15-16. 5. S. S. Savrikar & B. Ravishankar (2011) Introduction to Rasashastra-The Iatrochemistry of Ayurveda, pg 66-82. CORRESPONDIN G AUTHOR 6. Kaviraj Ambikadattashstri (2008) Dr. Rajesh T. Wankhade st Bhaishajyaratnavali, 1 ed, Varanashi; Assosiate Professor, Department of Dra- Chaukambha prakashan, pg 461. vyaguna, S.M.B.T. Ayurved College & 7. Rasatantrasaar va Sidhaprayog San- Hospital, Dhamangoan, Nashik, Maharsh- graha, Krushana Gopal ayurved bha- van, (2013), 1st ed, part-I Pg 34. tra, India 8. Dr Chandrabhushan Jha (1998) Ayur- EMail:rajesh_wankhade1975@rediffmail. vediya Rasashastra, 2nd ed, Varanasi: com Chaukambha Surbharatiprakashan, pg.287. 9. Ambikadattashastri, Bhaisha- st Source of support: Nil jyaratnavali 1 edtion, 2014, Varanasi: Chaukambhaprakashan,pp. 462. Conflict of interest: None Declared 10. Ambikadattashastri, Bhaisha- jyaratnavali 1st edtion, 2014, Varanasi: Chaukambhaprakashan,pp. 463. 11. Datto Borkar, Rasa-Chudanshu 1st edtion, 1983, Shri GajananBook Depo, Mumbai, pg.85. 12. Sri.Gangadhar Shastri Gune, Aushad- higundharma Shastra, 1st ed, 2008, Vaidhyak Grantha Bhandar, Pune, pg 514.