ANNUAL REPORT of the Librarian of Congress for the ﬁscal Year Ending September 30, 2004

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ANNUAL REPORT of the Librarian of Congress for the ﬁscal year ending September 30, 2004

annual report of the librarian of congress 2004

ANNUAL REPORT of the Librarian of Congress for the ﬁscal year ending September 30, 2004

library of congress · washington · 2005 Library of Congress Photographs by Giulia Adelﬁo (page 104); Architect of 101 Independence Avenue, SE the Capitol (page 160); Reid Baker (page vi); Rob Crandall Washington, DC 20540 (page 35);Anne Day (pages xvi,5,16,28,38,98,149,150,159; inside back cover); Bill Ferris (page 44); Roger Foley (page For the Library of Congress on the World Wide Web, ix); Charles Gibbons (pages 19,21,24,27); John Harrington visit http://www.loc.gov. (pages 77,80, 100, 120); Jim Higgins (page ii); Carol High- smith (front cover, inside front cover; pages x, 6; back The annual report is published through the Publishing cover); Kristen Jenkinson-McDermott (page 40); Kevin O≈ce, Library Services, Library of Congress, Washing- Long (page 37); Dee McGee (page 33); Michaela McNichol ton, DC 20540–4980, and the Public A∑airs O≈ce, (pages 66, 78, 84, 111, 153); Robert H. Nickel (page 12); O≈ce of the Librarian, Library of Congress,Washington, Charlynn Pyne (pages 97, 108); Tim Roberts (page 83); DC 20540–1610.Telephone (202) 707–5093 (Publishing) Christine Robinson (page 125); Jim Saah (pages 8, 11, 14); or (202) 707–2905 (Public A∑airs). Fern Underdue (page 103); and Carolyn Wells (page 36).

Managing Editor: Audrey Fischer Front cover: The emblematic Torch of Learning atop the lantern of the Thomas Je∑erson Building’s dome. Copyediting and Indexing: Publications Professionals llc Inside front cover: “Law,”a finely wrought mosaic by Fred- erick Dielman over the mantle of a marble fireplace in the Design and Composition: Robert L.Wiser Members of Congress Room of the Je∑erson Building. Production Manager: Gloria Baskerville-Holmes Frontispiece (page ii): The Main Reading Room in the Thomas Je∑erson Building. Assistant Production Manager: Clarke Allen Inside back cover: A marble fireplace by Herbert Adams in Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 6–6273 the Je∑erson Congressional Reading Room. issn 0083–1565 Back cover: The Je∑erson Building’s quoins, or blocks of Key title: Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress stone forming the corners of the building.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O≈ce. Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov. Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800. Fax: (202) 512-2250. Mail Stop: SSOP Washington, DC 20402–9328. contents

A Letter from the Librarian of Congress … vii H. Exhibitions … 192

Library of Congress O≈cers and Consultants … xi I. Online Collections, Exhibitions, and Cooperative Digital Projects … 196 Organization Chart … xii J. Publications … 198 Library of Congress Committees … xiv K. Sta∑ Changes … 199 Highlights of 2004 … 1 L. Statistical Tables … 201

Congressional Research Service … 7 1. Appropriations for 2004 … 201 Copyright O≈ce … 17 2. Appropriations for 2005 … 201 3. Appropriations, Sta∑, and Workload Comparison Chart … 202 Law Library of Congress … 29 4. Financial Statistics: Summary Statement … 204 Library Services … 39 5. Additions to the Collections—Items … 210 O≈ce of the Librarian … 99 6. Additions to the Collections—Titles … 212 O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives … 151 7. Unprocessed Arrearages … 213 8. Cataloging Workload … 214 Appendixes 9. Records in the MARC Database … 215

A. Major Events at the Library … 161 10. Preservation Treatment Statistics … 216 11. Copyright Registrations … 217 B. The Librarian’s Testimony … 167 12. Copyright Business Summary … 218 C. Advisory Bodies … 176 13. Services to Individuals Who Are Blind and Physically Handicapped … 219 D. Kluge Center Scholars … 184 14. Reader Services … 220 E. National Book Festival Sponsors and 15. Cataloging Distribution Service: Financial Statistics … 221 Participants … 186 16. Human Resources … 222 F. Honors … 189

G. Selected Acquisitions … 190 Index … 224

a letter from the librarian of congress

The President of the Senate The Speaker of the House of Representatives

Dear Mr. President and Mr. Speaker:

t is my pleasure to submit to you the Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress for fiscal year 2004. With generous support from Congress, the Library further Ideveloped its security in a climate of heightened alert while continuing to carry out its mission of sustaining, preserving, and making accessible its universal collections. The Congressional Research Service and the Law Library provided Congress with the most current research and analysis relevant to the war on terrorism, homeland security, and many other issues of national and international concern. Congress entrusted the Library of Congress with leading the e∑ort to preserve the nation’s digital resources. On September 30, 2004, the Library’s National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) advanced the goals of this cooperative digital preservation program by announcing awards totaling $13.9 million to eight lead institutions and their partners for identifying, collecting, and preserving historically important digital material. As the first formal NDIIPP partners, those institutions have agreed to identify, collect, and preserve at-risk “born- digital” materials that are of significant cultural and historical value to the nation.

Thomas Je∑erson’s diverse and wide-ranging personal library, pictured in the Library’s Rare Book and Special Collections Division, is the core of the Library of Congress’s collections.

vii The Library made history on November 5, 2003, when it presented the inaugural John W. Kluge Prize for Lifetime Achievement in the Human Sciences to Polish philosopher and historian Leszek Kolakowski. Made possible by President John W. Kluge of Metromedia, the $1 million Kluge Prize recognizes lifetime achievement in the humanities and is comparable to the Nobel Prizes in literature and economics. Our Library Services continued to perform the many functions of a national library—collection development, cataloging, preservation, and outreach—as well as an international leadership role in developing online reference services. As part of a State Department e∑ort, a Library Services team visited Baghdad in October 2003 to assess war damage to the National Library of Iraq and the House of Manuscripts. The team—consisting of the Library’s Arab area specialist, the chief of the Anglo-American Acquisitions Division, and a preservation specialist— documented its findings in a report that is accessible on the Library’s Web site at http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/iraqreport/iraqreport.html. The Copyright O≈ce continued to develop business process improvements to streamline its operations and to facilitate the registration of an increasing number of digital works. During the year, the Copyright O≈ce registered more than 660,000 copyright claims and transferred more than 1 million items to the Library’s collections. The Library—the world’s largest and most comprehensive repository of human knowledge—shares its resources globally, as well as locally, through its award- winning Web site. Building on its popular American Memory and America’s Library Web sites, which now contain more than 9.2 million items of American history and culture for scholars and researchers, as well as for children and families, the Library continued to enhance its Global Gateway site with a growing number of links to its unparalleled international resources. Use of the system has increased exponentially over the past decade, with more than 3.3 billion hits recorded last year. In fiscal 2004, the size of the Library’s collection grew to more than 130 million items, including more than 29.5 million cataloged books and other printed materials, 58 million manuscripts, 14 million microforms, 4.8 million maps, more than 5 million items in the music collection, nearly 14 million visual materials, 2.7 million audio materials, and more than 1 million items in miscellaneous formats. With the generous support of Congress, the Library continued to fill new storage units at Fort Meade, Maryland, and Culpeper, Virginia. By year’s end, more than 1 million items had been transferred to the Fort Meade facility, filling Module 1 nearly

viii to capacity. Construction on Module 2 began during the year, with completion expected in the spring of 2005. Planning continued for the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center in Culpeper, Virginia. Generously funded by the Packard Humanities Institute and supported by Congress, the facility will eventually house the Library’s recorded sound, videotape, safety film, and nitrate film collections. While sustaining the Library’s unparalleled collection for the benefit of current and future generations of lawmakers and their constituents, the Library’s permanent sta∑ of 4,120 employees—its most valuable asset—accomplished the many initiatives described in this report.

Respectfully, James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress

library of congress officers and consultants

Chief Operating O≈cers Operations Committee and Executive Committee Donald L. Scott, Deputy Librarian of Congress, (as of September 30, 2004) Chief Operations O≈cer James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress Terry Bickham, Director, Donald L. Scott, Deputy Librarian of Congress Operations Management and Training Jo Ann C. Jenkins, Chief of Sta∑ Robert Dizard Jr., Deputy Associate Librarian Daniel P.Mulhollan, Director, for Library Services Congressional Research Service Angela Evans, Deputy Director, Deanna Marcum, Associate Librarian Congressional Research Service for Library Services Julia Hu∑, Acting Chief Operating O≈cer, Marybeth Peters, Register of Copyrights Copyright O≈ce Rubens Medina, Law Librarian of Congress Molly H. Johnson, Director, Laura E. Campbell, Associate Librarian Digital Resource Management and Planning, for Strategic Initiatives O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives Mary Levering, Director, Integrated Support Services Ken Lopez, Director, O≈ce of Security and Emergency Preparedness Shawn Morton, Special Assistant to the Chief of Sta∑ Teresa Smith, Director, Human Resources Services John Webster, Chief Financial O≈cer Harry Yee, Director of Workforce Development, Law Library Commemorating the completion of the Je∑erson Building in Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry 1897, the richly decorated arch in the Great Hall is adorned by sculptor Olin Warner’s The Students. Louise Glück, 2003–2004

xi organization chart

As of September 30, 2004

library of congress committees

Joint Committee on the Library, Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, 108th Congress, Second Session Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, th Congress, Senator Ted Stevens (Alaska), Chairman 108 Second Session Senator Trent Lott (Mississippi) Senator Thad Cochran (Mississippi) Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell (Colorado), Senator Christopher J. Dodd (Connecticut) Chairman Senator Charles E. Schumer (New York) Senator Robert F.Bennett (Utah) Senator Ted Stevens (Alaska) Representative Vernon J. Ehlers (Michigan), Senator Richard J. Durbin (Illinois) Vice Chairman Senator Tim Johnson (South Dakota) Representative Robert W.Ney (Ohio) Representative Jack Kingston (Georgia) Representative John B. Larson (Connecticut) Representative Juanita Millender-McDonald (California)

xiv Subcommittee on Legislative, Library of Congress Trust Fund Board Committee on Appropriations, United James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress, States House of Representatives, Chairman and Secretary th Congress, Second Session 108 Donald V.Hammond, sitting for the Secretary Representative Jack Kingston (Georgia), of the Treasury Chairman Vernon J. Ehlers (Michigan), Vice Chairman Representative Ray LaHood (Illinois) of the Joint Committee on the Library Representative Todd Tiahrt (Kansas) Ted Stevens (Alaska), Chairman of the Joint Representative John Culberson (Texas) Committee on the Library Representative Mark Steven Kirk (Illinois) Ruth Altshuler (term expires March 2005), Representative James P.Moran (Virginia) Dallas, Texas Representative David E. Price (North Carolina) Edwin L. Cox (term expires March 2005 Representative James E. Clyburn (South Carolina) or until House reappoints him), Dallas, Texas Elisabeth (Betsy) De Vos (term expires October 2008), Grand Rapids, Michigan J. Richard Fredericks (term expires September 2009), San Francisco, California Leo Hindery Jr. (term expires June 2005), New York, New York John W.Kluge (term expires March 2008), New York, New York Tom Luce (term expires June 2006), Dallas, Texas Bernard Rapoport (term expires March 2007), Waco, Texas B. F.Saul II (term expires March 2008), Chevy Chase, Maryland

Highlights of 2004

he John W.Kluge Center at the Library of lic. Anticipating high demand for access to the Congress o≈cially opened in May 2003 Blackmun papers, the Library set up a temporary Twith a mission of bringing together the media center equipped with eighteen workstations world’s leading scholars on a rotating basis to use on which to view a digitized finding aid to the col- the Library’s collections and to interact with mak- lection, to eight of the most controversial Supreme ers of public policy. On November 5, 2003, the in- Court cases, and to thirty-eight videotapes con- augural John W.Kluge Prize for Lifetime Achieve- taining oral interviews with Blackmun. ment in the Human Sciences was presented to Several of the Library’s major exhibitions in Polish philosopher and historian Leszek Kola- 2004 commemorated historic events, including kowski by the Librarian of Congress.The selection “With an Even Hand”: Brown v.Board at Fifty, which process for the $1 million Kluge Prize involved marked the fiftieth anniversary of the Supreme wide-ranging consultation with the international Court’s decision to end school segregation, and scholarly community. From Haven to Home, which celebrated 350 years of The Library’s Chinese Section celebrated its Jewish life in America. seventy-fifth anniversary in October with an all- As part of a State Department e∑ort, a Library day symposium on the historical development of Congress team visited Baghdad from Octo- and use of the Library’s Chinese collections. Sec- ber 27 through November 3 to assess war damage retary of Labor Elaine Chao delivered the key- to the National Library of Iraq and the House of note address. Manuscripts. The team—consisting of the Li- On March 4, the papers of Supreme Court Jus- brary’s area specialist for the Arab world, the chief tice Harry A. Blackmun were opened to the pub- of the Anglo-American Acquisitions Division, and a Preservation Directorate specialist—found that The stairway to the Visitor’s Gallery climbs from the second some of the archival records documenting Saddam floor through a forest of columns and ornately decorated vault- Hussein’s regime since 1977 were methodically in- ing. It turns on the landing below Elihu Vedder’s mosaic of cinerated, whereas bound volumes in the library re- Minerva, with weapons aside, representing righteous victory. mained intact.The group documented its findings

1 in a report that is accessible on the Library’s Web structure and Preservation Program advanced this site at http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/iraqreport/ goal by announcing awards totaling $13.9 million to iraqreport.html. eight lead institutions and their partners for identifying, collecting, and preserving historically im- The 9/11 Commission Report. The Congressional Re- portant digital material. Those institutions—the search Service supported Congress in its review of first formal National Digital Information Infra- The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the Na- structure and Preservation Program partners— tional Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United have agreed to identify,collect, and preserve at-risk States. Upon release of the commission’s report, an “born-digital” materials of significant cultural and interdisciplinary team from the Congressional Re- historical value to the nation.The Library’s awards search Service assisted Congress by analyzing the will be matched dollar for dollar by the winning in- report’s recommendations and by providing sev- stitutions in the form of shared costs of executing enty written products about the report, the sub- the cooperative preservation program. jects it highlighted, and the legislative response to the report’s recommendations. Those products Internet Resources. At the end of fiscal 2004, more were made accessible to members of Congress on than 9.2 million items from the Library of Con- the Congressional Research Service Web page. In gress and other partner institutions were available addition, experts from the Congressional Research online or in digital archives. During the year, three Service were available to Congress for consulta- new multimedia historical collections were added tion and briefing. to the American Memory Web site, bringing the total to 126. Eight existing collections were ex- Security. In the aftermath of 9/11 and the anthrax at- panded with new content, including the George tacks on Capitol Hill, security of the Library’s sta∑, Washington, Thomas Je∑erson, and Alexander visitors, collections, and facilities remained the Li- Bell Family papers. Seven new Library exhibi- brary’s highest priority throughout the year. The tions were mounted on the Library’s Web site. Library continued to provide Congress with timely Digital content was added to the Library’s Global information on important issues concerning home- Gateway Web site, a portal to the Library’s un- land security. paralleled international resources, and to http:// In coordination with other agencies on Capitol www.americaslibrary.gov, the Library’s popular Hill, the Library continued upgrading its perimeter Web site for families. security,its entrance and exit screening procedures, During the year, the Law Library began planning its emergency-preparedness capabilities, and the infor a major upgrade of the Global Legal Informa- ternal controls safeguarding the Library’s priceless tion Network, a network of government agencies collections. The Library’s O≈ce of Security and and international institutions that contribute o≈- Emergency Preparedness moved forward on the Li- cial texts of laws and related legal materials to a brary’s Security Enhancement Implementation database that is accessible over the Internet. At Plan while focusing on emergency preparedness. year’s end, the Global Legal Information Network could provide access to the laws of forty-eight of Digital Preservation. In 2000, the U.S. Congress the world’s governing bodies. asked the Library to lead the e∑ort to preserve the Use of the Library’s online computer resources nation’s digital resources. On September 30, 2004, continued to increase. During fiscal 2004, more the Library’s National Digital Information Infra- than 3.3 billion hits were recorded on all of the

2 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Library’s computer systems—an increase of nearly will consist of four buildings, totaling 420,000 0.8 billion over those recorded in fiscal 2003. Use square feet of space for the Library’s recorded sound, of the Library’s American Memory Web site was videotape, safety film, and nitrate film collections. up by more than 50 million hits, and the Amer- Significant acquisitions made possible by the ica’s Library Web site for children and families Madison Council during the fiscal year included a handled more than 30 million more hits in fiscal 1762 edition of the Old Testament in Hebrew and 2004 than in fiscal 2003. The THOMAS public Spanish, retrospective Iraqi publications (previ- legislative information system and online Library ously unavailable because of sanctions that have exhibitions remained popular sites on the Li- prevailed for twelve years), a powder horn from brary’s Web, receiving 150 million and 130 million the American Revolution era, a George Gershwin hits, respectively. letter, and forty-five additional titles to reconstruct Thomas Je∑erson’s library. By year’s end, the Li- Collections. The Library receives millions of items brary’s Veterans History Project had received more each year from copyright deposits; federal agen- than 80,000 items documenting the experience of cies; and purchases, exchanges, and gifts. During the nation’s veterans and their families. the year, the size of the Library’s collection grew to During the year, the Library also acquired the more than 130 million items, an increase of nearly following significant items and collections: 2.5 million over fiscal 2003. The figure included ¶ The Jay I. Kislak Collection of rare books, manu- more than 29.5 million cataloged books and other scripts,maps,and art of the Americas,including the printed materials, 58 million manuscripts, 14 mil- first printed navigational chart of the world (Carta lion microforms, 4.8 million maps, 5 million items Marina), prepared by cartographer Martin Wald- in the music collection, and 13.9 million visual ma- seemüller in 1516; manuscript documents by famed terials (photographs,posters,moving images,prints, explorers Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro; and drawings). The Library circulated nearly 1.3 mil- and letters by and about the founding fathers lion items throughout the institution in response to patron requests. ¶ The Alan Lomax Collection, an unparalleled as- The Library continued to build new storage fa- semblage of ethnographic documentation collected cilities at Fort Meade, Maryland, and Culpeper, by the legendary folklorist over sixty years, cou- Virginia. During the year, 567,990 items were trans- pled with the material acquired by his father, John ferred to Fort Meade.This move brought the total Lomax, during the latter’s tenure at the Library’s number of items transferred to Module 1 since the Archive of American Folk Song during the 1930s program’s inception to 1.2 million, or 90 percent of and 1940s, bringing the entire collection together its capacity. Nearly 9,000 items were requested for the first time at the Library of Congress from the facility during the year—with a 100 per- ¶ Additions to the papers of political cartoonist cent success rate for retrieval. Construction on Herbert Block, work comprising 175,000 items of Module 2 began in December 2003, with comple- the cartoonist’s manuscript (nongraphic) collection expected in the spring of 2005. tion of correspondence, notes, drafts of writings, Planning continued for the National Audio- photographs, and other papers Visual Conservation Center in Culpeper,Virginia, which is scheduled to open in 2005. The forty-five- ¶ The papers of conductor-composer Isaac Stern acre campus is being built with private-sector sup- from the Stern Estate, culminating a ten-year e∑ort port from the Packard Humanities Institute and to bring Stern’s papers to the Library

highlights of 2004 3 ¶ Two rare children’s books: ABCs of Great Negroes National Book Festival. The Library sponsored a by Charles C. Dawson (Chicago: Dawson Pub- third annual National Book Festival on October 4, lishers, 1933) and The Alphabet annotated for Youth again hosted by First Lady Laura Bush. Held on and Adults . . . (London: Ackermann & Co., 1853) the National Mall, the festival drew a crowd of about 70,000. Copyright O≈ce of the Future. The Copyright O≈ce The event, which was free and open to the pub- continued to make progress on its multiyear plan lic, featured more than eighty award-winning au- to reengineer its processes and services, with a goal thors, illustrators, poets, and storytellers. This of full implementation in 2006. When complete, year, a Poetry Pavilion and a Home and Family the reengineering program will a∑ect the organi- Pavilion were added.The Poetry Pavilion featured zational structure of the o≈ce, its information thirteen ethnically diverse poets; the Home and technology systems, and its facilities. During the Family Pavilion presented chefs, gardeners, and year, more than 180 position descriptions were re- home-improvement specialists. viewed and revised. A contractor was selected to In addition to author discussions, the festival develop the new systems infrastructure. In addi- featured presentations by storytellers, book sales tion, plans were made to relocate the sta∑ of 500 and book signings, appearances by children’s story- people to o∑-site rental space while the existing book characters, and performances representing a o≈ce space is reconfigured. wide range of America’s musical traditions. Players from the National Basketball Association and the Financial Management. In February 2004, the ac- Women’s National Basketball Association’s “Read counting firm of Kearney & Company issued an to Achieve” campaign participated, including all- unqualified “clean” audit report on the Library’s star-turned-author Bob Lanier. fiscal 2003 Consolidated Financial Statements, At a press conference, young journalists under which was the Library’s eighth consecutive “clean” the age of twelve had the opportunity to inter- audit opinion. In addition, Kearney & Company view the actor and children’s book author Julie issued unqualified audit opinions on the 2003 Andrews, as well as the Librarian of Congress. financial statements of the Madison Council, Na- Pulitzer Prize–winning author Robert Caro, bi- tional Digital Library, and Cooperative Acquisi- ographer of Lyndon B. Johnson, delivered the fes- tions Program. tival’s closing remarks.

A vivid life-size bronze of Father Time by sculptor John Flan- agan appears to ﬂoat above Flanagan’s handsome clock in the Main Reading Room. Figures representing the seasons ﬂank left and right; two more bronzes lean against the clock itself.

4 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004

Congressional Research Service

ongress faced a number of unusual and This fiscal year saw significant progress in imple- di≈cult challenges in fiscal year 2004. On menting management and technology initiatives, Cissues ranging from the war in Iraq to in- including restructuring organizations to optimize telligence reform, Congress called on the Con- the contributions of information professionals, im- gressional Research Service (CRS) for objective proving internal communications, enhancing CRS and authoritative research and analysis. As the Web services, and improving the reliability and se- year progressed, the pace of legislative considera- curity of the CRS technological infrastructure. tion increased. In relation to Iraq, CRS addressed the level and su≈ciency of military funding, as Legislative Assistance well as military justice and international law requirements for treatment of prisoners. As Con- Congress requested assistance from CRS as it ad- gress focused on the recommendations of The 9/11 dressed numerous public policy issues arising from Commission Report: Final Report of the National Com- the war in Iraq, terrorism, and related matters. mission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, CRS supported both the House and the Senate War in Iraq. CRS analyzed spending issues associ- by producing and making available a large body of ated with regular, as well as supplemental, De- research and analysis within stringent time frames partment of Defense funding requests for mili- and by providing numerous expert consultations. tary operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, including CRS also continued to provide analyses of all cur- assessments of a historical perspective on how rent legislative issues through its Web site. During Congress has funded wars back to World War II. fiscal 2004, CRS delivered 899,284 research re- CRS reports assessed funding levels by war mis- sponses to Congress. sion, adequacy of funding for the army,war-related benefits available to military personnel, and flexi- Polished marble pilasters line the south corridor of the first bility of funding available to the Department of floor outside the Members of Congress Room. Overhead, the Defense. CRS worked with analysts from the richly embellished domes are co∑ered with gold rosettes. Congressional Budget O≈ce and the Government

7 Terrorism. Analysts continued to provide Congress with policy analysis and information on the global war on terrorism.They prepared an assessment of the controversial State Department report Patterns of Global Terrorism, and they reported on terrorist organization lists, individual terrorist organizations, and terrorist ﬁnancing. Responding to congressional concerns about the operation of military courts in the war on terrorism, a senior specialist traced the history and analyzed the organization and operation of military tribunals from the Revolutionary War to contemporary times. As the legal status and treatment of enemy combatants held at Guantanamo Bay Naval Station or within the United States came before the Supreme Court, CRS contributed products and in-person brieﬁngs about the legal issues to members of Congress and their sta∑s.

Homeland Security. Distribution of homeland security assistance to states under the authority of the USA Patriot Act raised many implementation questions in Congress. In support of legislative ac- CRS analysts work collaboratively as they respond to urgent tivities, CRS analyzed the distribution formula for congressional requests for research and analysis. federal grants to state and local ﬁrst responders, including a range of funding scenarios under alter- Accountability O≈ce to estimate the cost of mil- native grant-formula proposals. A major issue in- itary operations in Iraq and to track Department cluded in those analyses was whether and how to of Defense spending on its Iraqi support contracts. incorporate indicators of local risk into a legisla- The transfer of sovereignty from the Coalition tively established allocation formula. Provisional Authority to the Iraqi interim govern- Congressional interest in border and transporta- ment gave rise to many legal questions regarding tion security issues remained high during the 108th the law of occupation, the sovereign debt, and the Congress. CRS worked with several committees status of coalition forces in Iraq.The Abu Ghraib on authorization of the Department of Homeland prison scandal was a matter of intense interest Security, development of terrorist “watch lists,” re- among members and was the subject of numerous form of entry–exit control measures for visitors to hearings. CRS attorneys—who ﬁelded numerous the United States, metrics to evaluate the perform- questions about military justice, courts martial, ance of border and transportation security agencies international law, and contractor liability—pre- in the Department of Homeland Security, border pared products to enhance consideration of leg- inspections, northern and southern border secu- islative measures that were part of the Defense rity, port-of-entry infrastructure, and cargo secu- Authorization bill. rity. In January 2004, the administration imple-

8 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 mented the first phase of an immigration entry–exit tigations by law enforcement and by the intelli- control system, US-VISIT,with Congress exercis- gence community, (2) di∑erences in treatment of ing continuing oversight. CRS analysts consulted citizens compared with noncitizens under the For- with committee counsels and sta∑ members in both eign Intelligence Surveillance Act, (3) concerns re- chambers, suggested questions for hearings, and as- garding access to library records, and (4) changes to sisted sta∑ members in ascertaining the di∑erence the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and to in documentary requirements for nationals entering law enforcement authorities with respect to elec- the United States from Mexico as compared with tronic surveillance. those from Canada. After the 9/11 Commission published its findings and recommendations, CRS Intelligence Reform. After issuance of The 9/11 Com- analysts consulted with committee sta∑ members mission Report, congressional interest focused on about draft legislation and amendments with re- how the intelligence community should fight the spect to the entry and exit data system, the use of war on terrorism in the future. CRS contributed to biometrics in travel documents, and the inclusion of congressional consideration of intelligence reform state and local law enforcement when enforcing im- proposals by comparing and analyzing legislative migration law. provisions, providing reports on topics such as the CRS provided extensive support to committees of concept of a national intelligence director and the jurisdiction on the security and protection of assets reform of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and critical to U.S. infrastructure, including communi- supporting congressional sta∑ members of the cations systems; transportation systems, especially House and Senate appropriating and authorizing port facilities and airports; oil and gas facilities; and committees. CRS specialists testified before the chemical manufacturing facilities, among others. House Appropriations Committee on Federal Bu- Analyses included evaluations of risk,assessments of reau of Investigation reform. alternative responses for secure facilities, and com- More than a dozen bills were introduced to parisons of governmental and private initiatives to change the structure, authorities, reporting rela- achieve security. After the release of The 9/11 Com- tionships, and other facets of the intelligence commission Report, a CRS homeland security initiative munity. CRS developed an analytical framework involved analysts who worked closely with congres- that addressed the conceptual issues in domestic sional committees’ and members’ sta∑s to prepare intelligence reform, and CRS analysts provided and update reports on aviation,maritime,passenger support to member and committee sta∑ members rail, and transit security.The 9/11 Commission also charged with drafting and amending domestic in- recommended a more robust communications sys- telligence reform proposals in response to the 9/11 tem for first responders to disasters and terrorism Commission’s report. events. CRS had in place a suite of studies and reports that could be quickly refocused to explore the Continuity of Congress. As Congress grappled with particular initiatives proposed by the commission. the issue of continuity in the legislative branch, CRS legal experts worked extensively with Con- CRS provided close support to the O≈ce of the gress on issues relating to possible amendments to Secretary of the Senate in conceiving and planning the USA Patriot Act and the Foreign Intelligence for an emergency exercise that involved a simulated Surveillance Act, including (1) civil liberties issues o∑-site session of the Senate. A senior specialist related to both the investigation of terrorist activ- presided over the simulated session, assisted by ities and the intersection between terrorism inves- other CRS analysts in various roles. CRS experts

congressional research service 9 also assisted in evaluating possible constitutional explaining the reasoning behind current provisions amendments to ensure continuity. They provided and in assisting in the development or review of analyses of proposed legislation to expedite the legislative proposals for change. conduct of special elections and changes in House The eligibility of aliens, whether in the country rules that would allow the chamber to continue legally or not, for public benefits has been a topic of operations in the event of the death or incapacita- continuing interest. Congress considered medical tion of a large number of its members. In addition, services under the Medicaid program, welfare ben- CRS provided a multidivisional response to an ex- efits under the Temporary Assistance for Needy tensive series of committee inquiries on continuity Families program, and postsecondary education operations. assistance under both federal and state programs. Analysts on the CRS immigration team provided Bioterrorism. Since the events of 9/11 and the sub- regular support to committee sta∑ members, often sequent anthrax mailings to Capitol Hill o≈ces, on a daily basis, and used a recently developed in- the issue of bioterrorism has been a congressional ternal database of state policies to inform the leg- priority.CRS supported Congress through a series islative debate. of studies, including in-depth reviews and comparisons of the various types of biological agents Prescription Drugs. After the enactment of a new considered to pose threats. CRS analysts prepared Medicare prescription drug benefit in the Medi- a framework for assessing threats. care Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Mod- As the president’s legislative initiative, Project ernization Act (PL 108–173), analysts were called on BioShield, moved through Congress, CRS assisted by members and their sta∑s to analyze anticipated markup in the Senate and hearings in the House, implementation issues of the new benefit. Subjects as well as providing additional analysis and infor- investigated include an interim prescription drug mation as the bill passed both chambers. A CRS discount card, the law’s e∑ect on low-income indi- comparative analysis of the House and Senate ver- viduals,and options for people enrolled in managed- sions was the basis of deliberations leading to the care plans. In part because the new Medicare pre- final bill, which was signed into law. scription drug benefits do not become e∑ective until 2006, the act also included provisions that ad- Immigration. The 9/11 terrorist attacks dramatically dressed federal policies on the importation of drugs altered the priorities of U.S. immigration policy. from abroad. Those provisions, however, require However, proposals for a guest-worker program, as conditions for implementation that thus far have well as other legislative options regarding the sta- had the e∑ect of barring the importation of new tus and authorized numbers of foreign workers quantities of drugs. CRS evaluated legislative op- and business personnel, were actively considered by tions for liberalizing the law’s provisions and then Congress, although no legislation was enacted. Ma- analyzed and compared approaches of four di∑er- jor proposals included increasing the authorized ent bills debated on the issue. number of visas for professional workers (H-1B) and intracompany transfers (L); creating new cat- Economic Conditions. Economic issues—including egories of guest-worker visas; and establishing new the continuing slow pace of job creation following mechanisms for foreign workers to regularize their the recession and recovery, growing budget deficits, status, become naturalized citizens, or both. The and ongoing trade-related issues—occupied Con- CRS immigration team was actively involved in gress. CRS economists assessed lagging employ-

10 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 CRS experts supply consultation on a wide range of legislative issues. ment such as the controversial foreign outsourcing as well as their regular seminars for congressional issue (“o∑shoring”), the continued rapid growth in sta∑ members about the U.S. economy and the productivity, the implications of a possible shift in federal budget. the “natural rate of unemployment,” and the structural change in the manufacturing sector (the International Trade. International trade issues were “deindustrialization” issue). Analyses of budget- prominent. CRS analysts reviewed the status of related issues addressed general trends, prospects several ongoing and proposed free trade negotia- for closing the deﬁcit, assessments of how tax cuts tions, including the Doha Development Agenda and similar policy actions were a∑ecting the econ- of multilateral trade negotiations; regional nego- omy, and changes in the U.S. savings rate. CRS tiations involving South Africa, Central Amer- economists continued their regular series of brief- ica, and the Western Hemisphere; and bilateral ings in preparation for the semiannual monetary negotiations involving Australia, Bahrain, Chile, policy hearings with the Federal Reserve chairman, Morocco, and Panama. As both the House and

congressional research service 11 Senate considered legislation to repeal an export reimportation from selected countries comported tax benefit that the World Trade Organization with international trade obligations under the had ruled illegal, analysts monitored the e∑ect that General Agreement on Tari∑s and Trade and the European sanctions were having on U.S. exports. World Trade Organization. Moreover, an analyst reported on U.S. antidump- ing provisions (the Byrd Amendment) that the Social Security. Although major reform of the social World Trade Organization had also ruled illegal. security system was not a primary legislative focus CRS provided extensive support to committees of the 108th Congress, there was active debate and members in examining the issue of outsourc- around issues associated with the program’s long- ing jobs to other countries and locating jobs do- term solvency and with other program compo- mestically in the U.S. economy. nents. CRS analyzed the e∑ect of those proposals CRS addressed trade implications of various bills on benefits, using simulation models. Congress in a number of areas. As World Trade Organiza- passed the Social Security Protection Act of 2004 tion countries began to impose sanctions because (PL 108–203), and CRS worked with committees the U.S. system for taxing extraterritorial income to analyze the implications of the legislation. In was deemed to be an illegal subsidy, CRS contin- addition, CRS reviewed foreign social security sys- ued to analyze the trade implications of various tems and the U.S.–Mexican totalization agree- proposals to address the problem. Analysts also ment—signed by the president but not agreed to studied whether certain proposals to allow drug by the Congress—that serves to coordinate benefits for workers who earn credits under both the CRS attorneys provide support on a wide range of legal issues U.S. and the Mexican social security systems. of interest to the Congress. Energy. During Congress’s consideration of omnibus energy legislation, H.R. 6 and S. 2095, CRS analysts worked with the committee and members throughout the legislative process, which culminated in preparation of detailed comparisons of the two bills. In the end, one key provision that stymied action involved clean air issues, in particular provisions dealing with the gasoline additive methyl ter- tiary butyl ether (MTBE) and related programs to stimulate use of ethanol and other renewable fuels. CRS analysts focused on those provisions, produced comparative analyses of the ethanol and MTBE provisions within days of their introduction, and worked extensively with Senate o≈ces involved in the MTBE debate.Another key aspect of the energy debate concerned ongoing trends in various fuel prices, especially gasoline and natural gas. CRS prepared materials to give both the context and the real-time movements of those prices and prepared analyses of the forces driving prices.

12 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Banking. CRS worked in close collaboration to an- sues—generated congressional demand for CRS alyze amendments to the Fair Credit Reporting support of legislative activity. Congress paid in- Act, including the act’s preemptive e∑ect, privacy creasing attention to the implications of the rise of implications, and provisions for free credit reports. China as an economic and military power. CRS It created numerous comparisons of the various provided support for congressional activities deal- proposals. Legal experts worked with House and ing with China’s $100 billion trade surplus with Senate committees on questions about consumer the United States; China’s growing trade arrange- information disclosure under the Fair and Accu- ments with its neighbors; outsourcing of U.S. jobs rate Credit Transactions Act (PL 108–159). Ex- to China; labor conditions in China; maintenance perts analyzed the authority of the Comptroller of of the arms sale embargo on China; and numerous the Currency to issue final regulations preempting other issues dealing with China’s domestic econ- state laws on the national banks and consumer omy, civil society, and human rights. lending, the regulatory framework, and the Trea- sury Department’s ability to control debt issuances Management Initiatives by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as bills that would have changed the oversight of those After release of The 9/11 Commission Report,man- two financial institutions. agement initiatives included special e∑orts to provide immediate assistance to Congress by consoli- Higher Education. During fiscal 2004, Congress ac- dating the CRS computer database, reviewing the tively considered legislation to amend and re- authoring system of CRS products, continuing the authorize the Higher Education Act.A CRS team formation process of a Knowledge Services Group contributed to deliberations on major reautho- (KSG) to better serve the information needs of rization issues, such as college costs, institutional the Congress, refining internal communications eligibility to participate in student aid programs, procedures, and integrating newly hired sta∑. complex relationships between federal grants or loans and tax benefits for postsecondary educa- Response to The 9/11 Commission Report. In re- tion, and simplification of the process for deter- sponse to The 9/11 Commission Report, a CRS inter- mining students’ financial need for federal aid. disciplinary team provided immediate assistance CRS worked closely with Congress in analyzing to Congress in analyzing the report’s recommen- the extent of the amendments required and in de- dations. CRS provided seventy written products veloping options for amending current law relating about the report, the subjects it highlighted, and to possible “excess” subsidies for federally guaran- the legislative response to its recommendations. teed student loan providers. CRS analyses and reports were highlighted on the CRS Web page, and experts were available for con- China. CRS provided multiple avenues of support sultation and briefings. More detailed information to Congress as it grappled with all facets of inter- regarding the CRS response can be found in the action with the People’s Republic of China. China’s previous section on Legislative Assistance. relations with Taiwan, Hong Kong’s autonomy, China’s currency value, its cooperation in coun- Knowledge Services Group. The CRS director ap- terterror activities, human and religious rights in pointed a Knowledge Services Project Leadership China, and Beijing’s role in resolving the North Team to implement plans for reorganizing CRS Korean nuclear stando∑—along with other is- information professionals into a KSG. The goal of

congressional research service 13 the KSG is to support the CRS mission by advising and informing Congress and CRS sta∑ members about selection, organization, creation, and accessibility of customized authoritative research and information.The team developed a KSG Con- cept of Operations model that includes both an operations and a business concept. The business concept proposes that the KSG comprise information professionals who partner with CRS analysts and attorneys to provide authoritative information research and policy analysis to Congress. The operations model includes an innovative arrangement of KSG sta∑ members that fosters collaboration by clustering information professionals and analysts together into broad policy issue areas, thus allowing CRS to provide rapid yet thorough responses to congressional legislative inquiries.

Integration of New Sta∑ Members. During fiscal 2003 and 2004, CRS hired nearly 150 new sta∑ members as anticipated departures caused by retirement increased. The successful integration of those sta∑ members remains a high priority and CRS analysts provide direct support to congressional sta∑ represents an important phase in CRS succession members on issues of legislative interest. planning efforts. New hires attend the CRS orientation program and are assigned mentors. In Authoring System. The CRS director approved a con- addition, it is the responsibility of managers, su- tract for an independent review of the system for pervisors, and sta∑ members to ensure the smooth writing CRS reports and distributing them through transition of new hires into the work and service- the CRS Web site and in print.The contractor met oriented culture of CRS and to ensure their full with each research division to understand its current understanding of the CRS mission. In early fiscal authoring and production processes and to assess its 2004, the integration of new sta∑ members was an particular requirements. The review analyzed all important topic discussed at the CRS senior man- current systems and requirements,and in fiscal 2005 agers’ annual management review.To contribute to it will recommend how to improve CRS’s authoring that discussion, a group of new hires was requested and distribution systems. to provide feedback on how they and other new hires view CRS’s e∑orts to incorporate them into Consolidated Database. To improve cross-service sup- the work of CRS. On the basis of this and other port and reduce duplication of e∑ort, CRS began discussions concerning new sta∑ members, im- work on a corporate database that will eventually provements were recommended and implemented, consolidate information from several systems, in- resulting in a more consistent approach to inte- cluding product creation, workforce, and finance.A grating new hires across CRS. series of releases has been scheduled and will allow

14 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 CRS to be more e≈cient in accessing its electronic Pack product line in favor of a Web-based solu- information when authoring products and making tion. Retired Info Packs were replaced with new CRS’s expert contact information available to the Constituent Services pages that provide research Congress. and information materials that are not public policy related and are specifically tailored to assist Internal Communications. CRS continued its e∑orts with speech writing and other representational to further enhance internal communications by fo- duties. The entire Reference Desk section of the cusing on both content and channels. CRS con- Web site was reorganized and retooled to im- ducted two all-sta∑ surveys to evaluate the e∑ective- prove usability. Members may place two newly ness of specific changes made the previous year.The created CRS Web pages on their Web sites: Stu- first was a survey on Tuesday Morning Update;the dent Financial Aid and Business Opportunities weekly electronic newsletter conveys business, oper- with the Federal Government. ational, and policy matters to all sta∑ members.The survey results led to several modifications in the Technology Infrastructure. In fiscal 2004, CRS con- newsletter. The second all-sta∑ survey addressed tinued its focus on collaborative computing, quan- all components of the CRS communications pro- titative analysis, security, and disaster recovery. gram and elicited sta∑ input on the e∑ectiveness of CRS upgraded desktop computers, printers, and communications throughout the organization. telephone systems; improved responsiveness in Other work to improve internal communications solving trouble calls; enhanced the server and stor- included review of the 2002–2003 strategic plan, age capacity supporting quantitative analysis; and refreshed membership in two communications- implemented systems for ensuring automatic se- related teams, identification of a permanent mech- curity upgrades. CRS also undertook e∑orts to anism for continuing CRS’s informal lunchtime improve information technology planning and discussions, and review of a contractor-prepared management controls by adopting System Devel- assessment of communications-related changes opment Life Cycle processes, and it began to de- within CRS. velop an Information Technology Investment Man- agement program. Technology Initiatives Security and Reliability. Information security and To accommodate Congress’s growing use of the system reliability continued to be a major focus of Internet and to ensure the availability of CRS CRS’s technology support. Working in coordina- products, CRS increased Web services available to tion with the Library’s O≈ce of Information Tech- Congress and enhanced the technical infrastruc- nology Services, CRS made significant progress ture to include upgrades of computers, enhance- on implementing its plan for an alternative comment of server capability, and improved security puting facility. CRS enhanced its intrusion detec- and reliability of CRS information. tion systems and continued its regular vulnerability scanning of its desktop computers and servers Web Services. The CRS Web site continues to be to ensure that the latest patches and antivirus soft- a primary delivery mechanism for CRS analysis ware were installed and current. One measure of and expertise. In recognition of Congress’s grow- the e∑ectiveness of CRS’s security programs is that ing reliance on the CRS Web site, CRS decided they did not experience a single major intrusion or to discontinue the partially print-bound Info security incident during the year.

congressional research service 15

uring fiscal 2004, the Copyright O≈ce posit copies in a single location. The Copyright continued to administer the U.S. copy- O≈ce became a separate department in 1897.Reg- Dright laws, provide expert assistance on istration and deposit of works for copyright pro- copyright matters to Congress and the executive tection has created a public record as legal evidence branch, and acquire copyrighted works for the Li- and has enriched the collections of the Library of brary of Congress’s collections. Those activities Congress for the benefit of the American people. ensure that the nation maintains a strong and e∑ective copyright system that serves both owners Timeliness of Services. Timely service is central to an and users of copyrighted works. The o≈ce con- e∑ective national copyright system that provides a tinued major initiatives to reengineer its core busi- number of client-funded and taxpayer-funded serv- ness processes and to implement technology that ices. The Copyright O≈ce has significantly im- will increase the e∑ective and timely delivery of its proved its delivery times for products and services. public services. In 2001, the o≈ce required an average of 200 days to register a claim or record a document. By the end of fiscal 2004, it took an average of 80 days to register Copyright Law Administration a claim and 33 days to record a document. The mission of the Copyright O≈ce is to admin- This achievement took place during a period of ister and sustain an e∑ective national copyright increased security concerns and an intensive re- system. Congress enacted the first copyright law in engineering program e∑ort. One security response May 1790. In 1870, it established a centralized na- was the creation of o∑-site mail-screening processes tional copyright function in the Library of Con- for all Capitol Hill mail. In early February 2004, gress to register copyright claims and to receive de- ricin-contaminated mail was delivered to a Senate o≈ce.This incident stopped the Copyright O≈ce’s The Thomas Je∑erson Building’s huge, richly decorated dome postal mail delivery for an entire month while en- above the Main Reading Room soars upward to Edwin H. hanced screening processes were put in place. The Blashfield’s Human Understanding inside the oculus. disruption a∑ected mail processing until early June,

17 when the last of the delayed mail was delivered. than $154 million.The remainder of the funds will The o≈ce worked to restore normal processing lev- be distributed in future royalty proceedings. els, and the improvement in timeliness reflects the o≈ce’s e∑orts to overcome the disruption. Public Information. The Copyright O≈ce responded to 381,845 requests for direct reference services. Registration and Recordation. During fiscal 2004, the Correspondence by e-mail was steady overall at Copyright O≈ce received 614,235 new claims to more than 70,000 for the year. copyright, which covered more than a million The o≈ce’s Web site continued to play a key role works. It registered 661,469 claims. in disseminating information to the copyright The o≈ce received more than 23,000 full elec- community and the general public. Key Copyright tronic claims for textual works and music.It recorded O≈ce Web pages logged 20 million hits by the 14,979 documents covering more than 470,000 titles. public during the year. The o≈ce launched new The copyright public record, available for search- Spanish-language pages on its Web site, which re- ing online, grew with the cataloging of 567,607 ceived approximately 130,000 hits. The Depart- registrations and the indexing of thousands of par- ment of Health and Human Services selected the ties and titles of works contained in documents Copyright O≈ce Web site as an example of a gov- recorded. ernment site that meets user expectations with regard to navigation, content, and organization. Contributions to Library of Congress Collections. Regis- The o≈ce’s Web site received an updated look to trants of claims to copyright in published works coincide with the January 1, 2004, introduction of generally send two copies of the work to the Copy- the new o≈ce seal, logo, and wordmark. The Web right O≈ce. Those copies are made available to site displayed the new symbols along with new col- the Library for its collections and exchange pro- ors derived from those used in the o≈ce’s printed gram.As a result, the Americana collections of the materials.The pages’ appearance was also standard- Library of Congress have been created largely ized, streamlined, and designed for faster loading. through the copyright system. The Copyright The o≈ce electronically published thirty issues O≈ce annually transfers to the Library about 1 mil- of NewsNet, a source of news about the Copyright lion copies in all formats. In fiscal 2004, the Copy- O≈ce sent to 5,297 subscribers. right O≈ce forwarded 1,038,561 copies of works With the Library’s O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives, with a net worth of $36,456,888 to the Library of the Copyright O≈ce initiated the Copyright Rec- Congress, including 523,743 items that were received ords Project to determine the feasibility of digitizing from publishers under the mandatory deposit pro- millions of Copyright O≈ce paper records cover- visions of the copyright law. ing 1790–1977.In 2004, the project researched and documented the various types of paper records, Statutory Licenses. The o≈ce examined 13,698 state- developed a strategy, and issued a Request for In- ments of accounts from cable operators, satellite formation. The o≈ce selected four potential ven- carriers, and manufacturers or importers of digital dors and, in fiscal 2005, will conduct a test of their audiorecording devices and media, and it processed capabilities to digitize and index sample records. claims to the various royalty pools. The Licensing Division collected more than $212 million in roy- Regulatory Activities. Section 1201 of the Copyright alty fees (almost all received through electronic Act provides that the Librarian of Congress—on funds transfer); it distributed royalties of more the recommendation of the Register of Copy-

18 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Register of Copyrights Marybeth Peters (left) launches the Copyright O≈ce’s Spanish-language Web pages in October 2003, along with Gilbert Sandate, director of workforce diversity (right) and Carlos Olave, senior reference librarian in the Hispanic Division (center). rights—may exempt for a three-year period people from the prohibition on circumvention through who engage in noninfringing uses of particular October 27, 2006: classes of works from the prohibition against cir- 1. Compilations of lists of Internet locations blocked cumvention of technological measures that con- by commercially marketed ﬁltering software appli- trol access to (not copying of ) copyrighted works. cations that are intended to prevent access to do- The Copyright O≈ce conducts the rulemaking mains,Web sites, or portions of Web sites, but not and proposes the classes, if any, to the Librarian. including lists of Internet locations blocked by soft- The rulemaking identiﬁes classes of works whose ware applications that operate exclusively to pro- users are, or are likely to be, adversely a∑ected in tect against damage to a computer or computer their ability to make noninfringing uses of the network or lists of Internet locations blocked by works because of the prohibition on circumvention software applications that operate exclusively to of access controls. prevent receipt of e-mail. The o≈ce concluded its second rulemaking on October 28, 2003, resulting in exemptions for non- 2. Computer programs protected by dongles that infringing uses of four relatively narrow classes of prevent access caused by malfunction or damage copyrighted works. The following will be exempt and that are obsolete.

copyright office 19 3. Computer programs and video games distrib- sion broadcast stations. This license expires at the uted in formats that have become obsolete and that end of calendar year 2004. The proposed legisla- require original media or hardware as a condition tion would extend the section 119 statutory licenses of access. A format shall be considered obsolete if for an additional five years. The Register of Copy- the machine or system necessary to render percep- rights testified on February 24, 2004, before the tible a work stored in that format is no longer man- Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet, and Intel- ufactured or is no longer reasonably available in lectual Property of the House Committee of the the commercial marketplace. Judiciary and favored extension of the license.The general counsel testified before the Senate Com- 4. Literary works distributed in e-book format mittee of the Judiciary on May 12, 2004. The Sen- when all existing e-book editions of the work (in- ate’s version of the legislation was reported out of cluding digital text editions made available by au- the Senate Judiciary Committee on June 17, 2004. thorized entities) contain access controls that dis- The House version was reported out of the House able the read-aloud function and prevent the screen Judiciary Committee on September 7, 2004. reader function from rendering the text into a specialized format. The Family Movie Act of 2004 (H.R. 4586). This bill Among other regulations was a new regulation would provide that the making of limited portions governing various legal processes, including service of audio or video content of a motion picture im- of process upon the o≈ce, requests for production perceptible by or for the possessor of an authorized of documents, and requests for testimony by o≈ce copy of that motion picture for private use in a personnel.The regulation provides comprehensive household is not an infringement,as long as no fixed guidelines for the o≈ce and its employees, outside copy of the altered version of the movie is created. agencies, and other persons. The legislation was prompted by a lawsuit involving motion picture studios, directors, and companies that provide filtering software that skips past or Congressional Testimony mutes material that some people may find objec- The Copyright O≈ce provided advice and expert tionable in motion picture DVDs (digital versatile testimony to Congress on copyright matters and disks). Studios and directors argued that the soft- proposed copyright legislation. The o≈ce also ware violates the exclusive right to prepare deriva- completed studies and provided authoritative re- tive works (i.e., changed versions). The Register ports on current issues a∑ecting copyright. During testified that, according to her understanding of the fiscal 2004, the Register of Copyrights, Marybeth technology and how it worked, she believed there Peters, testified at five congressional hearings, and was no infringement of any copyright rights.Thus, the Copyright O≈ce’s general counsel represented legislation was neither necessary nor desirable. her at two others. Summaries follow of the most significant of these. Inducing Infringement of Copyrights Act of 2004 (S. 2560). This bill would create a new cause of action for in- Section 119 Statutory License; the Satellite Home Viewer tentionally inducing copyright infringement. At a Extension and Reauthorization Act (H.R. 4501 and hearing on July 22, 2004, the Register testified in S. 2013). Section 119 of the Copyright Act currently support of this bill, stating that it solved only part makes a compulsory license available to satellite of the problem. The bill would make intentional carriers who retransmit distant over-the-air televi- inducement of infringement unlawful. It would

20 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 permit enforcement against infringement to move of AM/FM radio programs over the Internet are from multiple lawsuits against individuals toward not exempt from the digital performance right. suits against the businesses, such as peer-to-peer (Broadcasts of sound recordings, however, are ex- file-sharing services that are inducing and profiting empt from liability.) from the infringement. Although voicing strong support for the contin- After the hearing, Senate sponsors of the bill ued rollout of digital radio, the Copyright O≈ce asked the Register to meet with interested parties to raised concerns about the capabilities of digital ra- discuss alternatives, to evaluate whether such par- dio technology that promise easy ways to make ties could reach consensus on an approach to this perfect digital copies of sound recordings from an legislation, and to provide recommendations to the over-the-air digital radio broadcast. Should such senators.After the parties failed to reach consensus, activity become commonplace, it would threaten the Register recommended an approach that she legitimate record sales in the marketplace and dis- believed accommodated the legitimate concerns of rupt the careful balance that Congress has already all parties and would provide a basis for developing consensus while meeting the goals expressed On February 24, 2004, Register of Copyrights Marybeth Pe- by the bill’s cosponsors. The Register’s recom- ters testifies at a hearing on the reauthorization of the Satellite mended approach focused on the business model Home Viewer Extension and Reauthorization Act of 2004. of the alleged infringer and on the extent to which the alleged infringer relied on infringement to support the business.

Internet Streaming of Radio Broadcasts. On July 15, 2004, the Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property of the House Commit- tee on the Judiciary convened an oversight hearing to explore issues related to the streaming of copyrighted sound recordings over the Internet and to begin an examination of the potential e∑ect of new technologies and devices, such as digital radio, on the balance of interests embodied in the copyright law. The general counsel recounted the o≈ce’s recent experiences in administering the section 112 and 114 statutory licenses, which allow a Webcaster to stream sound recordings of musical compositions over the Internet. He discussed (1) the Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel proceeding that established the initial rates and payment terms for Web- casters operating under a statutory license, (2) the ongoing rulemaking proceeding to establish notice and recordkeeping requirements, and (3) the rulemaking proceeding that concluded that simulcasts

copyright office 21 struck between the record industry and the pur- Other Legislation veyors of new digital technologies. The o≈ce recommended that Congress either grant an exclusive During fiscal 2004, the Copyright O≈ce assisted and unlimited performance right to the copyright Congress with several other copyright-related bills, owners of sound recordings or consider requiring the most prominent of which was the Copyright use of new technological methods to prevent un- Royalty and Distribution Reform Act. lawful copying. The Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act Section 115 Compulsory License. The section 115 com- (H.R. 1417). This legislation would replace the Copy- pulsory license allows making and distributing right Arbitration Royalty Panels with three full-time physical phonorecords and digital phonorecord de- copyright royalty judges appointed by the Librarian liveries of musical compositions.The United States of Congress after consultation with the Register of is one of only two countries that still have a com- Copyrights.The copyright royalty judges would set pulsory license for those works. rates and terms for the various statutory licenses On March 11, 2004, the Register of Copyrights contained in the Copyright Act and would distrib- testified before the Subcommittee on Courts, the ute royalty fees collected by the Copyright O≈ce Internet, and Intellectual Property of the House pursuant to those licenses. As Library of Congress Committee on the Judiciary about the inadequa- employees, the judges would serve for a six-year re- cies of the current licensing scheme to accommo- newable term, funded through appropriations, in date new business models in a digital marketplace. contrast to the current ad hoc arbitrators, who are She noted that the current law is cumbersome funded by the participants. The intent of this legis- and expensive to use and that the scope of the li- lation is to remove cost barriers to participation in cense is unclear. She suggested eliminating the the rate-setting process,to ensure consistent decision statutory license, leaving licensing to the market- making, and to preserve institutional expertise. place, where the most likely solution would be col- The bill passed the House of Representatives lective administration. on March 3, 2004. On September 29, 2004, the On July 7, the House Committee on the Judi- Senate Judiciary Committee approved the bill with ciary asked the Register to host a series of discus- some significant changes. The full Senate is ex- sions with representatives of the a∑ected industries pected to consider the bill in fiscal 2005. during the summer to explore legislative approaches to resolve outstanding issues and to modernize ex- Vessel Hull Design Protection Act Study. Pursuant to a isting law. Where there was consensus, she was to statutory mandate, the Copyright O≈ce prepared draft legislative language; if no agreement could be a report to Congress on the e∑ectiveness of the reached, she was to describe the issues and the po- Vessel Hull Design Protection Act (VHDPA). sitions taken by the parties. After a number of The o≈ce administers the VHDPA, which be- meetings, no consensus was reached. On Septem- came e∑ective October 28, 1998. In November ber 17,the Register reported the results of the many 2003, the Copyright O≈ce and the U.S. Patent meetings and conversations with the parties, out- and Trademark O≈ce delivered to Congress their lining some issues on which there was tentative joint report titled The Vessel Hull Design Protection agreement but concluding that more discussions Act: Overview and Analysis. among the parties were needed. The parties con- Congress specified that the o≈ce examine (1) the tinued their discussions in the fall. extent to which the VHDPA has been e∑ective in

22 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 suppressing infringement of protected vessel hull tions. On March 24, 2004, the district court is- designs; (2) the extent to which the registration sued opinions in both cases. The court found that process has been used by those eligible to claim in each case the Register’s regulations regarding protection; (3) the extent to which the VHDPA the timely filing of cable and satellite claims were a has encouraged the creation of new vessel hull de- “model of clarity and brevity.”Therefore, her appli- signs; (4) the VHDPA’s e∑ect on the price of pro- cation of these regulations to MGM’s and Univer- tected vessel hulls; (5) other relevant factors, such sal’s claims was not arbitrary, capricious, or con- as what the o≈ce’s method was for administering trary to law.Similarly,the court found that MGM the registration system for the vessel hull design, and Universal had been a∑orded an ample oppor- what the length of the term of protection was, and tunity to be heard and, thus, were not denied due whether the registered vessel hull designs should be process. MGM and Universal each have appealed published on the Internet. the decisions to the United States Court of Ap- The report formed no conclusions on the first peals for the District of Columbia Circuit. four factors because the available information was insu≈cient. Because there was no evidence that Coach Inc.v.Peters.Coach Inc., a manufacturer of anyone had been harmed, the report concluded that expensive leather and twill products such as purses Internet publication of the registered designs is the and briefcases, filed a complaint in the Southern best means to create a public record and is consis- District of New York against the Register of Copy- tent with the text of the law requiring the o≈ce to rights under the Administrative Procedure Act. maintain a file of pictorial representations of regis- This suit constituted the first challenge to a refusal tered designs and to make them available to the to register a work under the Administrative Pro- public. The o≈ce also concluded that it will con- cedure Act since the o≈ce implemented its present tinue to interpret the scope of protection a∑orded system for reconsideration of a refusal. Coach al- by the VHDPA as precluding protection for such leged that the Copyright O≈ce’s refusal to register items as masts, sails, yards, and rigging. its signature CC fabric design was arbitrary and an abuse of discretion.The fabric design was a simple arrangement of pairs of the letter C on a plain Other Legal Activities background. Following oral argument on cross- During the year, the o≈ce was a party in a number motions for summary judgment, the judge an- of cases and responded to requests for assistance in nounced that he was denying both motions with- copyright litigation from the Department of Jus- out prejudice, putting the case on the suspense tice, including the Solicitor General’s O≈ce. calendar without prejudice to Coach’s filing an infringement action against an alleged infringer, at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Peters and which point the issues could be raised again. Universal City Studios llp v. Peters. In these two cases, the Copyright O≈ce defended its rejection Bonneville Broadcasting v.Peters. The broadcasters of cable and satellite claims filed by Metro-Gold- of AM/FM radio stations appealed a decision made wyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (MGM) and Universal by the United States District Court for the Eastern City Studios llp (Universal) for their shares of District of Pennsylvania. The district court’s deci- compulsory royalty fees collected in 2000 on the sion upheld the Copyright O≈ce’s final rule that basis of the studios’ failure to file their claims on a AM/FM broadcast signals transmitted simultane- timely basis in accordance with the o≈ce’s regula- ously over a digital communications network, such

copyright office 23 Attendees at the May 2004 International Copyright Institute Symposium on “Emerging Issues in Copyright and Related Rights” included representatives from seventeen countries. as the Internet, were not exempted from the digital International Activities performance right for sound recordings. Broadcast- ers appealed the lower court’s decision to the United Protection against unauthorized use of a copy- States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, righted work in a country depends primarily on which, on October 17, 2003, a≈rmed the lower that country’s laws. Most countries o∑er protection court’s decision and upheld the Copyright O≈ce’s to foreign works under the aegis of international interpretation of section 114(d)(1)(A). copyright treaties and conventions. During fiscal 2004, the Copyright O≈ce addressed international Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panels. During fiscal issues by working with executive branch agencies 2004, the Copyright O≈ce administered five Copy- to promote copyright principles and protection, right Arbitration Royalty Panels that included three particularly with the U.S. Trade Representative, rate adjustment proceedings and two distribution the U.S. Patent and Trademark O≈ce, and the proceedings.All of the rate adjustment proceedings State Department. involved setting rates and terms for the section 114 The o≈ce also promoted the international pro- digital performance right in sound recordings license tection of copyrights by engaging foreign govern- and for the section 112 statutory license for making ment o≈cials in multilateral and bilateral forums, ephemeral recordings to facilitate those transmis- training sessions, and education conferences and sions. The distribution proceedings dealt with the meetings. Sta∑ members participated in numer- distribution of royalty fees collected in accordance ous multilateral, regional, and bilateral negotia- with the section 111 cable compulsory license. tions in fiscal 2004 such as the following:

24 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 ¶ The sta∑ worked with the World Intellectual year on issues ranging from copyright enforcement Property Organization’s Standing Committee on to copyright law revision. For the U.S. Trade Rep- Copyright and Related Rights. resentative, sta∑ members additionally provided assistance to twenty-four nations in their World ¶ In cooperation with the World Trade Organiza- Trade Organization accession processes and pro- tion, sta∑ members participating in the U.S. dele- vided responses regarding U.S. copyright law and gation worked on issues relating to a proposed policy to the Trade Policy Review queries of the treaty on protection of broadcasting organizations. World Trade Organization. ¶ The sta∑ worked with the World Intellectual Copyright O≈ce sta∑ members met on a regular Property Organization’s “Ad Hoc” Committee on basis with foreign o≈cials and visitors interested in Enforcement and participated in an ad hoc infor- learning about the U.S. copyright system and in ex- mal meeting regarding the protection of audio- changing information about topics of mutual con- visual performers. cern.The Copyright O≈ce also participated on the interagency Special 301 Committee,which evaluates ¶ The sta∑ worked with the World Intellectual the adequacy and e∑ectiveness of intellectual prop- Property Organization’s Intergovernmental Com- erty protection and enforcement throughout the mittee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Re- world.The U.S.government uses this process to im- sources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore. prove global protection for U.S. authors, inventors, ¶ The sta∑ worked with the World Summit on the and other holders of intellectual property rights. Information Society. The Register and her sta∑ participated in a number of symposia and conferences outside the United ¶ The sta∑ actively participated in the U.S. dele- States, including programs in Canada, Hong Kong gation’s preparatory meetings for the summit to (where the Register delivered two papers), Ireland, be held in Tunis in 2005. and Mexico. In May 2004, the Register visited ¶ The sta∑ worked with the Hague Conference on Chile and Uruguay at the behest of the State De- Private International Law. partment. She spoke to copyright conferences, national legislators, government ministers, librarians, ¶ The o≈ce sta∑ continued to participate on the students, and the public on important copyright U.S. team that has been considering a draft Con- principles and issues. Interviews resulted in signiﬁ- vention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in cant press coverage in both countries. Civil and Commercial Matters. Through its International Copyright Institute, Members of the Copyright O≈ce were instru- the o≈ce hosted two symposia during the year.“The mental in drafting and negotiating the intellectual E∑ect of Technology on the Protection of Copy- property provisions of bilateral free trade agree- right and Related Rights” was held on March 8–12, ments between the United States and six countries, 2004, for a fourteen-member delegation from the as well as several multilateral agreements—includ- People’s Republic of China. China is a focus for ing free trade agreements with a group of Central copyright education to improve compliance with American nations, a group of Andean nations, and international copyright obligations. The second the South African Customs Union—and the Free symposium,“Emerging Issues in Copyright and Re- Trade Agreement of the Americas. Sta∑ members lated Rights for Developing Countries and Coun- also actively participated in numerous additional tries in Transition,”held May 3–7,2004, hosted rep- bilateral negotiations and consultations during the resentatives from seventeen countries.

copyright office 25 three fronts are interconnected and because the Outreach o≈ce must provide uninterrupted customer serv- The Register of Copyrights and members of the ice, the o≈ce plans to implement all fronts at one Copyright O≈ce sta∑ spoke at approximately sev- time, switching to new processes in 2006. enty symposia, conferences, and workshops on aspects of copyright law and current copyright issues. Organization. To implement its new processes, the Of those speeches, the most significant was the o≈ce will reorganize—and in some cases realign— Register’s delivery of the thirty-third annual Don- its divisions and will modify most of its individual ald C. Brace Memorial Lecture to the Copyright job roles. In fiscal 2004, the Reengineering Pro- Society of the USA on the topic “Copyright Enters gram O≈ce evaluated the proposed reorganiza- the Public Domain.” Marybeth Peters is the third tion package and made extensive revisions to more Register of Copyrights to deliver this prestigious than 180 new or changed position descriptions. address on domestic copyright issues.The Register noted in her address that ordinary consumers are Information Technology. In 2003, the o≈ce selected now faced with copyright issues because the latest SRA International Inc. to design and develop its technologies allow them to copy and distribute new systems infrastructure, using Siebel customer material as never before.As a result, she explained, relationship management and case management copyright has entered the arena of public opinion, software along with the ENCompass search engine and the public must decide whether upholding the from Endeavor Information Systems. The infra- copyright law is in its best interest or is intended structure will enable the o≈ce to provide its serv- only to protect copyright owners. ices to the public online in a timely manner and to Two successful programs sponsored by state bar manage its internal processes through a central- intellectual property sections were “The Copyright ized case management system. O≈ce Comes to California” (Los Angeles and San The application process in the past has been Francisco) and “The Copyright O≈ce Comes to largely paper based, with most applications arriving New York.” The predominant topics centered on in the mail.Although a main goal of the reengineer- the challenges posed by online technology and the ing program is to receive as many copyright appli- digital age. cation forms as possible electronically, not all applicants will have online access, or they may choose not to register online.The o≈ce designed a revised The Copyright Office of the Future: paper application form to replace several forms. Reengineering The new form can be scanned into the electronic In September 2000, the Register of Copyrights workflow and will have optimal OCR (optical initiated a multiyear reengineering program to up- character recognition) success. date and streamline the o≈ce’s principal processes In fiscal 2004, the o≈ce and SRA produced re- and public services, thus increasing the availability fined system requirements and a detailed design for of Copyright O≈ce services online and making the new system.Process owners worked closely with copyright records more promptly available on the the information technology development team on Internet. Implementation e∑orts continued in the many process details of a Motion Picture Pilot fiscal 2004, with a focus on the three fronts that Project that will begin in fiscal 2005. In the pilot, support reengineered processes: organization, in- many parts of the reengineered processes will be formation technology, and facilities. Because the tested while registering actual motion picture claims.

26 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 In July 2004, the o≈ce selected NCI Informa- plans were submitted to the Architect of the Capi- tion Systems Inc. to assess the systems develop- tol in April 2004. The second phase of construc- ment life-cycle products, to perform independent tion documents is 95 percent complete.The furni- system testing, and to assess security measures ture plan is nearly complete, and the Library has built into the system. developed a contract for furniture purchase. In 2006, while the Copyright O≈ce space in the Facilities. The Copyright O≈ce completed essential Madison Building is reconfigured,the o≈ce will op- steps toward redesigning its facilities to support erate from an alternate site for six to nine months. reconfiguration of the o≈ce’s existing space on The process of identifying this o∑-site rental space three floors in the Library’s Madison Building so it began during fiscal 2004 with the assistance of the can handle the new processes. The Library’s Facil- Library’s infrastructure units working through the ity Services O≈ce initiated recruitment for a proj- General Services Administration. The logistics of ect manager to oversee the reconstruction of Copy- the move will be significant, given the o≈ce’s in- right O≈ce facilities. tention to move 500 employees, their operational The o≈ce completed additional documentation tools, and in-process work o∑-site within a short for those facilities.The firm of Leo A Daly worked time period. The o≈ce began regular meetings closely with the o≈ce to complete design develop- with the Library’s Integrated Support Services and ment and space planning, development of con- Information Technology Services to resolve key is- struction documents, and furniture selection and sues and to prepare detailed plans for the move to specification. The design development and space and from the o∑-site facility.

Copyright O≈ce sta∑ members learn about the facilities redesign aspects of reengineering at a “hallway chat” held in June 2004.

Law Library of Congress

he Law Library of Congress houses the Law Library continued to develop programs dur- world’s largest, most comprehensive col- ing fiscal 2004 that have measurable goals and tar- Tlection of legal knowledge—approximately gets that align with its stakeholders’ needs. During 2.5 million items in all formats and languages.The the year, Law Library legal specialists and analysts Law Library is a legal information research and wrote 1,947 legal research reports and special stud- processing center that serves the needs of the U.S. ies—an increase of 67 percent over the previous Congress, the federal government, and the public year—on the legal aspects of important public pol- with comparative global law research and docu- icy issues.The total number of services rendered to ments. Since its founding by Congress in 1832, the all categories of clients—the federal government, Law Library has worked to provide, organize, nav- the American public, and the international com- igate, and analyze the increasing body of global law munity—was 111,739, which was an increase of literature for its expanding constituencies. This 13,404, or nearly 14 percent, over the previous year. mission has been especially challenging in recent Law Library sta∑ members responded to 2,760 years, in view of global crises that required Law Li- e-mail inquiries, a significant increase as more con- brary legal specialists to provide Congress with stituents located information in the Law Library’s critical information and analyses concerning the electronic resources and submitted their inquiries legislative actions of the world’s governing bodies. and requests electronically.The number of inquir- Charged by the Library’s Strategic Plan with ies answered by fax and postal mail was 10,890—up serving its constituents responsively, productively, 60 percent from last year, despite continued delays and e≈ciently and with focusing on results, the in mail correspondence as the Library implemented procedures to ensure the safe receipt and The second floor balcony (looking from the Minerva alcove) distribution of incoming mail. Members of the reveals massive marble columns with Corinthian capitals that Law Library sta∑ also responded to 12,072 tele- were cut to the exacting specifications of Edward P. Casey. phone inquiries.

29 ¶ The ways in which fifty-two jurisdictions imple- Congressional Services mented the Hague Convention on International Providing Congress with comprehensive interna- Child Abduction tional, comparative, and foreign law research that ¶ The flag desecration laws and regulations of is based on the most current information available forty jurisdictions from the world’s largest and most thorough collection of sources is the primary task of the Law ¶ The path of emergency parliamentary succession Library’s Directorate of Legal Research and Read- in nine jurisdictions ing Room. During the year, Directorate of Legal ¶The immigration requirements for five major allies Research sta∑ members wrote 995 research reports, Examples of single-nation reports provided in studies, and memoranda in response to congres- response to congressional requests included the sional inquiries—an increase of more than 60 per- following: cent over the previous year. In fiscal 2004, members of Congress and con- ¶ Adoption laws and procedures gressional sta∑ members made 8,199 requests—an ¶ Securities-regulated transactions increase of 1,049 over the previous year. Of those, 3,783 were made in person.Individuals from the con- ¶ Banking privacy gressional community requested photocopies of ¶ Tax law 10,251 pieces of literature from the Reading Room. ¶ Family law In addition to its scheduled seventy-three and one- half hours of service provided weekly, the Law Li- ¶ Breeders’ rights and agricultural biotechnology brary Reading Room remains open twenty-four ¶ Regulation of violence and sex on television hours a day,seven days a week,when either chamber ¶ Confidentiality of personal information of Congress is in session beyond the Main Reading Room’s closing time of 9:30 p.m. During those ex- ¶ Protection of cultural property tended, for-Congress-only hours, some 256 con- ¶ Antisemitism and discrimination gressional sta∑ members received assistance. ¶ Compulsory voting Members of Congress and their sta∑ members relied on the Law Library’s sta∑ of twenty-one ¶ Employment law foreign-trained legal experts and research analysts ¶ Environmental law to respond to questions on numerous global legal issues—often on a rush or overnight basis. The ¶Transnational prescription drug import and export congressional community depended on the Law The Law Library continued the electronic pub- Library’s research experts to provide timely and lication of its monthly World Law Bulletin.The Bul- accurate analyses of questions about the laws, reg- letin provides members of Congress with concise ulations, and legal developments among approxi- articles focused on selected issues having special mately 267 of the world’s jurisdictions. significance to relations between the United States The 626 major, comprehensive research studies and the international community. Each issue in- that were completed for Congress during fiscal cludes a supplement that analyzes timely,develop- 2004 included the following: ing global issues and that examines current legal ¶ The copyright laws of eleven jurisdictions developments within the European Union.

30 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 For the benefit of Congress and the congres- ment of State, the Department of Defense, and sional community, reference specialists in the various other executive branch agencies. Law Library Reading Room regularly identify, Examples of subjects on which research services assemble, and secure special reference collections were provided to the executive branch included the to provide ready access to resource works on is- following: sues vital to the body politic. In response to ques- ¶ Documents and analyses for attorneys serving in tions arising from the Abu Ghraib prison scan- Iraq and Afghanistan dal, the Law Library initiated and assembled a special collection of materials on prisoners of war. ¶ Criminal procedure in South Korea This reference collection is secured and noncir- ¶ Recognition of Islamic law in U.S. state and fed- culating to ensure access; an extensive, annotated eral courts bibliography has been updated regularly during ¶ Immigration law fiscal 2004. ¶ Family law As Congress increased its levels of research using electronic media, the Law Library responded by re- ¶ Adoption law viewing and revising its legal research services.The ¶ Authentication of foreign documents Congressional Legal Instruction Program, taught The Law Library continued its advisory legal by members of the Law Library’s Public Services opinion research work for components of the former Division sta∑, provided fourteen seminars, which Immigration and Naturalization Service, now part were attended by 300 congressional sta∑ members. of the Department of Homeland Security, as it has Forty-one briefings and orientations concerning done since 1992 under an interagency agreement. In the Law Library’s services were presented to 193 fiscal 2004, the Law Library received ninety-three congressional personnel as part of an orientation requests. Sta∑ members provided 137 written re- program that was for congressional sta∑ members sponses to forty-eight Immigration and Naturaliza- and was conducted jointly by the Law Library and tion Service o≈ces on questions concerning the laws the Congressional Research Service. Sta∑ mem- of 117 foreign jurisdictions—all significant increases bers provided sixteen tours to 148 distinguished over similar activities in the previous year. Law Li- guests of the Law Library,nearly twice the number brary responses included numerous telephone con- of tours o∑ered in fiscal 2003. sultations and preparation of testimony and a≈da- vits for use in court.The Department of Homeland Noncongressional Services Security continues to receive a subscription to the During fiscal 2004, the Law Library provided 952 Law Library’s monthly publication, World Law Bul- research reports to its noncongressional consti- letin, which deals with legislative awareness. tuents, including 236 research reports to executive Law Library sta∑ members responded to 165 re- branch agencies, 35 to judicial branch agencies, 141 search requests from judicial agencies. Among the to the U.S.bar,and 540 to members ofthe public major issues submitted by the judiciary were those in the United States and around the world. Re- related to foreign regulations governing election cam- quests came from the Department of Homeland paign financing and constitutional court decisions. Security, the Social Security Administration, the The Law Library continued to provide U.S., in- Department of the Treasury,the Internal Revenue ternational, comparative, and foreign law research Service, the Department of Justice, the Depart- and reference services to all its clients, including the

law library of congress 31 public. During the year, the Reading Room sta∑ GLIN.A prototype of the new GLIN system was provided reference services to 51,822 nongovern- demonstrated at the Eleventh Annual GLIN Di- ment users, of which 47,101 were assisted in person rectors’ Meeting in September. The system up- and 4,721 were assisted by telephone. grade will provide several long-requested features, such as the ability to link a law to multiple amendments, the capability to add court decisions, the Electronic Resources capability to perform a full-text search of all sum- The Law Library continued to expand the Global mary record fields, and the addition of an ex- Legal Information Network (GLIN), maintained panded informational display on the results list. the Guide to Law Online, launched the Multi- Users of the new system will find the multilingual national Collections Database for public access on input and search capabilities (initially in English, the Law Library’s Web site, and made additions to French, Portuguese, and Spanish); a new approver its Web site titled A Century of Lawmaking for a role that will help improve the quality of informa- New Nation. The Guide to Law Online and A tion that is available in GLIN; and the availability Century of Lawmaking ranked in the top 100 Li- of both simple and advanced search capabilities. brary of Congress “Search Our Site” queries for The new release of GLIN is expected to be online several months during the fiscal year. The guide early in 2005. recorded 1,994,098 hits during the fiscal year—an This e∑ort involves several phases and, in fiscal increase of more than 30 percent over the previous 2004,the GLIN work focused on the input of sum- reporting period. A Century of Lawmaking re- maries of laws originally produced on index cards. corded 2,017,327 hits, while the Multinational Col- Approximately 95,000 summaries will be input and, lections Database recorded 312,824 hits—both sub- in the next phase, linked to the full texts of laws. In stantial increases from fiscal 2003. fiscal 2004, more than 32,000 summaries, or approximately one-third of the total, were put into the Global Legal Information Network. In fiscal 2004, the GLIN system and are now available to the public. Law Library embarked on a major expansion of Legal analysts in the Law Library continued to GLIN,a network of government agencies and inter- review foreign legal gazettes, to select appropriate national institutions that contribute o≈cial texts of legal instruments, to summarize and assign subject laws and related legal materials to a database that is terms, and to convert material to PDF (portable accessible over the Internet. Quality and reliability document format) files. During the year, Law Li- are the hallmarks of GLIN,which serves as a model brary sta∑ members added more than 1,149 sum- for the Law Library’s digital future. Through the maries, covering sixteen jurisdictions, to the GLIN contributions of twenty-five countries and interna- database.Those jurisdictions were primarily in the tional institutions and the addition of laws for Americas, including the United States, but also twenty-three other countries by the sta∑ of the Law covered other French-, Portuguese-, and Spanish- Library,GLIN provides timely access to the laws of speaking countries around the world. forty-eight of the world’s governing bodies. Two The Law Library continued to work in partner- nongovernmental organizations also began to con- ship with various institutions to expand and en- tribute legal writings to GLIN.In fiscal 2004,about hance GLIN.The Law Library worked collabora- 1.5 million transactions were on the GLIN database. tively with the Inter-American Development Bank The Law Library worked closely with a vendor during the year to implement the next phase of contracted to develop a major technical upgrade of its GLIN-Americas initiative, which is aimed at

32 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 expanding GLIN membership to the English- Several GLIN members have entered cooperative speaking countries of the Caribbean. agreements with other institutions in their coun- Representatives from the Law Library visited the tries to provide access to additional legal information Bahamas, Belize, and Jamaica in an e∑ort to se- such as legal writings. Important growing regional cure agreements with the governments of those cooperation among Central American countries has nations to participate in GLIN. In cooperation resulted from their participation in GLIN. Interest with the Inter-American Development Bank, a has emerged in expanding GLIN to include addi- GLIN training program was held in late Septem- tional countries in Europe and Asia, and indicators ber to train representatives from six Latin Ameri- show that GLIN helps fulfill the growing need for can and Caribbean nations. comparative legal research. The Eleventh Annual GLIN Directors’ Meet- As a way of expanding the GLIN network to in- ing was held at the Library of Congress on Septem- clude countries in regions currently underrepre- ber 14–17, 2004. Representatives attended from six- sented in the network, members adopted a policy to teen GLIN member jurisdictions (Brazil, Costa allow more flexibility in the network’s approach to Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Republic recruiting new members. Countries that are inter- of Korea,MERCOSUR [Southern Cone Common ested in participating in GLIN but that cannot es- Market], Mexico, Nicaragua, the Organization of tablish complete teams to contribute full GLIN American States, Paraguay, Romania, Taiwan, the files may be considered for inclusion in the network United Nations,the United States,and Uruguay).In if they can contribute some legal material that addition, the Inter-American Development Bank, a supporting member of GLIN, was represented at A prototype of an updated Global Legal Information Net- the meeting.Individuals from other potential GLIN work (GLIN) that will function in four languages was partner organizations, such as the International demonstrated to GLIN directors at their annual meeting Monetary Fund and Studies in Latin American held at the Library on September 14. GLIN directors Dan Constitutional Histories, were also present. Adrian Chirita of Romania and Bin-Chung Huang of Tai- wan attended the meeting. The primary focus of the meeting was to unveil a new suite of enhanced navigation, search, language, accessibility, and user-friendly features to support the public. Not only was a prototype of the new GLIN system demonstrated for the first time during the meeting, but meeting attendees also were able to participate in two hands-on sessions to test the system and to provide feedback. Coupled with authorized access to the full texts of legal materials in the public domain that GLIN members sanctioned a year ago, the expanded and upgraded GLIN database will provide legal researchers a unique, reliable resource for retrieving legal materials from around the world. Following an open-forum discussion of the new system to share feedback, directors reported on GLIN developments in their respective nations.

law library of congress 33 meets GLIN standards. Those nations would be Continuing work toward using the Integrated considered associate members; they would not have Library System (ILS) to its fullest capacity acceler- voting rights or be eligible to serve on the Executive ated significantly in fiscal 2004. Three new posi- Council, the governing body of the network. tions for inventory and physical control technicians Rubens Medina, Law Librarian of Congress, that were filled in fiscal 2003 were instrumental in made a special presentation to Shannon Hein, providing the necessary personnel to implement who represented William S. Hein & Company the ILS fully in the Law Library during fiscal 2004. Inc. A special certificate of appreciation was pre- All titles in Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, and Ko- sented on behalf of GLIN to Hein & Company, rean were converted to automated check-in of serial acknowledging its donation of U.S. treaties and titles. All back holdings of those titles were physi- related materials for inclusion in GLIN. The do- cally inventoried in the ILS, summary holdings nation includes more than 11,000 treaties and were added to the holdings record, and claims were other international agreements and will be a ma- made for missing issues. For the first time, users of jor asset to the U.S. file in GLIN. the Law Library were able to determine holdings of The meeting ended with the presentation of two current serials in those four languages through the GLIN model station awards for 2004. The first use of the ILS online public access catalog module. award was presented to GLIN Argentina, a coun- The Law Library began to physically inventory all try that has overcome numerous obstacles and re- newly prepared volumes for binding in the ILS dur- source constraints to become an exemplary GLIN ing fiscal 2004.The summary holding record for each member.GLIN Honduras,a relatively new member volume was updated in the ILS,and the individual is- that joined GLIN with the assistance of the Inter- sues that were collapsed into the newly prepared vol- American Development Bank through its GLIN- ume for binding were suppressed from displaying in Americas initiative, was honored with the second the online public access catalog module of the ILS. award. Members of the Law Library’s Collection Services Throughout 2004, visiting delegations to the sta∑ identified 13,506 volumes and prepared them for Law Library continued to express an interest in transfer to the high-density o∑-site storage facility in learning about GLIN. In fiscal 2004, Law Library Fort Meade,Maryland.Serials and monographs are sta∑ members made approximately sixteen GLIN now housed o∑-site with a twenty-four-hour representations or demonstrations to groups from quest turnaround. This movement of volumes o∑- countries around the globe, including Bangladesh, site was counterbalanced by the addition of 25,045 China, Pakistan, the Philippines, and South Africa. volumes to the collection in fiscal 2004.The Law Li- brary has now prepared and sent 107,007 volumes to Fort Meade in the past two fiscal years,becoming the Collection Management first service unit to fulfill its allotment of material to Developing, circulating, and managing its collec- be sent to Fort Meade Module 1. tion of almost 2.5 million volumes remained a Armed with a $320,000 program increase in the strong focus of the Law Library in fiscal 2004. As Law Library’s book budget in fiscal 2004, the Law part of a five-year campaign authorized in fiscal Library’s senior specialist for legal collection de- 2000, the base appropriation of contract money velopment worked closely with foreign legal spe- that Congress provided for maintenance of the cialists to ensure acquisition of primary legal ma- Law Library collections and processing of new re- terials such as the statutory and regulatory sources ceipts enabled the Law Library to serve its patrons. and law reporters. The Law Library acquired new

34 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Law Librarian Rubens Medina (at lectern) welcomes participants and guests to the fifth annual Leon Jaworski Public Program Se- ries commemorating Law Day 2004. Standing behind Medina and presiding at the session “The American Lawyer as Citizen” is Robert Grey. Panelists (seated left to right) are Lincoln Caplan, Wendy Kaminer, Philip Howard, Douglas Wilder, and Austin Sarat. editions of consolidated codes from Barbados, small pilot project to classify its collection of more Botswana, Lebanon, Libya, and Uganda.The codes than 800,000 volumes shelved under the anti- acquired from Lebanon and Libya represent the quated in-house LAW system. From fiscal 2001 to first stages of a major e∑ort to acquire new consol- fiscal 2004, 1,895 serial titles were cataloged in the idated codes, where available, from all the countries ILS and classed in K, 57,221 items were physically in the Arab world. Session laws were acquired from inventoried in the ILS, and new labels were pro- Barbados and Iran, including all missing volumes duced for the K classification number and placed on from Iran.Also acquired were more than 250 mono- each item. Because of the importance of this project, graphs from Iran and current issues of twelve law a Management Decision Package for five years was reviews from that country,including many back is- proposed for the 2006–2010 fiscal years to allow sues.The holdings of more than thirty U.S. law re- the Law Library to complete this critical project. views were completed with the purchase of nu- Major purchases of rare books included the re- merous missing volumes. More than thirty major maining five installments of an essential primary law reviews from around the world were added to source for research in the history of Anglo-American the Law Library’s collection in fiscal 2004. law, a microfiche set titled English Legal Manuscript The Law Library continued to expand its online Project (Zug, Switzerland, 1975–1987); a facsimile resources. The major acquisitions were the pur- reprint of a fourteenth-century German legal chase of the entire online file of the Nevo legal manuscript known as the “Dresdner Sachsen- database (Israel) and the Making of Modern Law spiegel” (Graz, Switzerland, 2002); and the first (Gale), a full-text database containing all legal trea- book published on medical legislation in Sweden: tises published in the United States and Great Jonas Kiernander’s Utkast til Medicinal-Lagfarenheten Britain from 1801 to 1926. (Stockholm, 1776). Resuming a project ended in the mid-1970s by In conjunction with the Library’s Rare Book lack of sta∑ and funding, the Law Library began a and Special Collections Division, the Law Library

law library of congress 35 displayed the following items for the attendees of the Professional Outreach Twelfth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, hosted by Catholic University of America: During fiscal 2004, Law Library sta∑ members Baldo degli Ubaldi’s Manuscripts Consilium (manu- were represented on the boards and committees script, ca. 1370); Flores sive Decretorum compilationes of many national and international professional (manuscript, ca. 1260); Henricus de Segusio’s Sum- organizations, including the American Association ma Hostiensis (manuscript, ca. 1300); Repetitio tituli de of Law Libraries; the American Bar Association; heredibus (1490); Henricus de Segusio’s Summa Hos- the International Federation of Library Associa- tiensis (1570); the Catholic Church’s Liber Sextus tions and Institutions; the International Associa- (1511); Giovanni d’Andrea’s Super arboribus (1517); tion of Law Libraries; the Law Librarians’ Society Burchard,Bishop of Worms’s Decretorum libra (1549); of Washington, D.C.; and the Special Libraries As- Institutiones ( Justinian I; 1554, 1568, 1583); and De- sociation. In addition, sta∑ members participated cretum Gratiani emendatum (1591). in meetings and activities arranged by the Ameri- The Law Library Reading Room receives, proc- can Society of International Law and the North- esses, and maintains for researchers a repository of east Foreign Law Librarians’ Cooperative Group. congressional and U.S. Supreme Court publica- With the help of supporting groups, the Law tions,including opinions,filings,and manuscripts of Library celebrated Law Day on May 1 with a pro- oral arguments. In fiscal 2004, 25,242 documents gram titled “The American Lawyer as Citizen.” were added to this repository, including 4,776 rec- The program, the fifth and last in the Leon Ja- ords and briefs filed with the U.S. Supreme Court, worski Public Program series about “Representing 12,159 bills and resolutions introduced to Congress the Lawyer in American Culture,” was sponsored during the fiscal year,5,207 additional congressional by the Law Library and the American Bar Associ- documents, 1,229 items from daily editions of the ation’s Division on Public Education. Congressional Record, and 215 items from the Weekly The second debate in the series of Holmes De- Compilation of Presidential Documents. bates was held in the Library’s Coolidge Audito-

University of Pennsylvania law professor Kim Lane Scheppele (left), former Secretary of Defense William Cohen (center), and Justice Department Deputy Assistant Attorney David Nahmias were among the participants in this year’s Holmes Debate.

36 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 rium on June 14. The series, which is sponsored jointly by the Law Library; the Burton Foundation for Legal Achievement; and the law firm of Shook, Hardy & Bacon, explores contemporary legal issues. This year’s debate focused on the topic “Just Pursuit of Terrorism,” continuing a dialogue suggested by Chief Justice William Rehnquist. Wil- liam S. Cohen, former U.S. senator and secretary of defense, served as moderator as a distinguished panel of six legal scholars argued issues involved in the confrontation between the need for law enforcement measures to safeguard the nation’s security and the toll those measures may take on traditional American civil liberties. Delegations, as well as individual o≈cials from all continents of the world, came to the Law Library The Law Library accepts The Laws of Guernsey. From for orientation and professional exchange, including left are Kersi Shro∑, Western Law Division chief; Clare the following: Her Majesty’s Procureur Nik Van Feikert, legal specialist for the United Kingdom; Procureur Leuven of Guernsey,who honored the Law Library (Attorney General) of Guernsey Nik Van Leuven; and Law with an advance copy of the Laws of Guernsey,a ma- Librarian of Congress Reubens Medina. jor treatise commemorating the 800th anniversary of the British Royal Crown dependency and finan- During the fiscal year, the Law Library inaugu- cial center; Moudud Ahmed, the Bangladesh min- rated a program to support management and re- ister for law and justice and parliamentary a∑airs, searchers with systematic,timely,and targeted expo- who was briefed on GLIN and the status of the sure to high-profile issues relevant to international Law Library’s Bangladesh collection; Sun Liping, law. The sta∑ identified, collected, and analyzed the director of the International Cooperation Divi- 1,364 articles that were in the major American mass sion of the National Library of China, who re- media and that dealt with foreign and international viewed the Law Library’s collection of Chinese legal legal issues and directed the articles to appropriate documents; a delegation of Pakistani parliamentar- sta∑ members on a daily basis. In response to re- ians; a delegation of justices from Japan; and man- quests, the sta∑ assembled and built ongoing col- agers from the Department of Justice Libraries. lections about the breaking media issues in foreign The Law Library continued to welcome inter- law,such as women’s rights in Iraq; the United Na- national scholars studying legal and law-related tions Oil-for-Food program; and the international topics.The Law Library hosted a two-month-long treaties and conventions about the treatment of internship for a French lawyer from the Assemblée prisoners of war and detainees. In addition, the Nationale in April–May 2004. An outstanding media program identified 232 international legal student of comparative international law,the intern and policy scholars and experts prominently cited served as a legislative assistant in the French Par- by and commenting in major mass media on news- liament and conducted extensive comparative re- worthy legal issues, as well as more than 200 jour- search on American representative government nalists who regularly covered international legal is- and campaign finance reform. sues during the reporting period.

law library of congress 37

Library Services

n fiscal 2004, Library Services acquired, cata- In fiscal 2004, Library Services met those strate- loged, processed, preserved, and made accessible gic goals through the following accomplishments: the collections of the largest and most compre- I ¶ Realigned the service unit to streamline the or- hensive legislative and national library in the world. ganization and focus on the collections The service unit’s nearly 2,500 members also served other libraries around the world by providing bib- ¶ Designed and implemented a planning process liographical information and digital collections. to improve communications between divisions and Library Services took the lead role in pursuing service unit management three major goals of the Library of Congress Stra- ¶ Acquired the culturally significant Kislak Meso- tegic Plan: american Collection of several thousand rare books, ¶ Goal 1: Build and preserve a comprehensive col- manuscripts, documents, maps, and masterworks lection of knowledge and creativity in various for- of pre-Columbian culture and colonial art from mats and languages for use by Congress and other North and South America (An endowment to customers. support research in those areas accompanied the collection.) ¶ Goal 2: Provide maximum access and facilitate e∑ective use of the collections by Congress and ¶ Established a Transition Program O≈ce for the other customers. purpose of relocating current collections of motion pictures, broadcasts, and sound recordings—along ¶ Goal 3: Lead, promote, and support the growth with necessary systems and sta∑—to the Library’s and influence of the national and international li- National Audio-Visual Conservation Center in brary and information communities. Culpeper, Virginia

“Knowledge Comes but Wisdom Lingers,” from Alfred, Lord ¶ Began construction of the second module of the Tennyson’s poem Locksley Hall, is inscribed beneath the Library’s o∑-site storage facility in Fort Meade, circular painting representing Wisdom on the north wall of Maryland, while nearly doubling (to 1,221,773) the the north corridor. The artist is Robert Reid. number of items in Module 1

39 ¶Repaired,mass deacidified,or microfilmed 4,124,184 350 Years of Jewish Life in America; Churchill and the items at an average cost per item of $4.45, which is Great Republic;and “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. $2.04 less than in fiscal 2003 (A total of 299,064 Board at Fifty books and 1,219,500 document sheets were mass ¶ Circulated 404,315 collection items in the Li- deacidified.) brary’s general reading rooms and o≈ces and pro- ¶ Updated the preservation component of the Li- cessed 29,067 loan requests from members of Con- brary’s collection security plan to improve security gress and their sta∑s (a 10.37 percent increase over during the storage, transport, processing, use, and fiscal 2003) exhibition of collection items, including the Li- ¶ As part of the public outreach to make the Li- brary’s Top Treasures brary’s digital collections more accessible, held 113 ¶ Cataloged 294,510 volumes for the Library of Con- on-site workshops and presentations for 2,054 par- gress Online Catalog and also made the catalog rec- ticipants, 166 video conferences for 2,945 partici- ords available for use by other libraries pants, and 16 o∑-site workshops and presentations for 780 participants ¶ Released twenty-one online presentations or collections and mounted twenty-seven on-site exhi- ¶ Launched the Web site titled The Atlantic World: bitions and displays, including From Haven to Home: America and the Netherlands, 1609 to the Present, which was a collaboration between the Library of During their visit to Baghdad, (from left to right) Preserva- Congress, National Library of the Netherlands, tion Specialist Alan Haley, Anglo-American Acquisitions and several other libraries in that country Division Chief Michael Albin, and Arab World Area Spe- cialist Mary-Jane Deeb record that Iraqi manuscripts are ¶ Signed agreements with the Bibliothèque na- safe in aluminum cases. Dhamia Abbas Samarai (right of tionale de France and the National Library of Deeb) is the director of the House of Manuscripts. Egypt for joint digitization projects ¶ Assisted the new Department of Homeland Se- curity in providing information services for its 180,000 employees and hiring a new library services director for the department ¶ Through the FEDLINK (Federal Library In- formation Network) cooperative network, provided 270 federal agencies with savings of more than $11 million in vendor volume discounts and approximately $8.9 million in cost avoidance ¶At the National World War II Reunion,collected 2,865 oral histories from veterans and civilian World War II workers during the four-day celebration ¶ Sent a team of three Library experts to Baghdad to assist with the postwar reconstruction of the National Library of Iraq, including conservation of 40,000 volumes

40 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 icy Directorate consists of the Automation Plan- Service Unit Realignment ning and Liaison O≈ce, Integrated Library System and Planning Process Program O≈ce, and Network Development and In fiscal 2004, the associate librarian for Library Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) Stan- Services and the Library Services directors designed dards O≈ce. new reporting lines for the service unit’s top levels of The National Audio-Visual Conservation Cen- management in order to emphasize the collections, ter and the American Folklife Center report di- streamline processes of acquisition and cataloging, rectly to the associate librarian.The new organiza- and recognize electronic resources as an increas- tional structure also includes a deputy associate ingly important component of the collections.The librarian and an Administrative Services O≈ce. resulting realignment of the service unit took e∑ect The realignment positions all divisions to work on July 2 and grouped most of the fifty-three Li- toward greater resource sharing and more e≈cient brary Services divisions into five directorates: Ac- work processes that will improve service to Con- quisitions and Bibliographic Access (ABA), Col- gress and other Library users. lections and Services, Partnerships and Outreach Programs, Preservation, and Technology Policy. American Folklife Center The new ABA Directorate merges acquisitions and cataloging functions, recognizing that both The American Folklife Center (AFC) was created functions serve the goals of building the Library’s by the Congress in 1976 to preserve and present the collections and of providing access to information great heritage of American folklife through pro- and knowledge. The Instructional Design and grams of research, documentation, archival preser- Training Division (formerly the Technical Proc- vation, reference service, live performance, exhibi- essing and Automation Instruction O≈ce) became tion, publication, and training. AFC includes the part of ABA, but it will design and deliver training Archive of Folk Culture, which was established in for all of Library Services. the Library of Congress in 1928 and is now one of The new Collections and Services Directorate the largest collections of ethnographic material brings together all divisions with reading rooms from the United States and around the world. or collections management responsibilities. The Partnerships and Outreach Directorate includes Field Schools. In collaboration with a university or the Business Enterprises and Retail Marketing college, each year AFC sponsors an intensive, units, Center for the Book, Federal Library and three-week-long summer field school for cultural Information Center Committee, Interpretive Pro- documentation.The objective of the field school is grams O≈ce, National Library for the Blind and to train the next generation of folklorists in field- Physically Handicapped, O≈ce of Scholarly Pro- work techniques and archival practice. The part- grams, Publishing O≈ce, Veterans History Proj- ner university provides matching monies to fund ect, and Visitor Services O≈ce. the school, and AFC provides sta∑ and some The Preservation Directorate encompasses the travel expenses to this important e∑ort. In the past Binding and Collections Care,Conservation,Preser- ten years, AFC has trained more than 200 folk- vation Reformatting,and Preservation Research and lorists and community scholars in folklife field- Testing divisions; the Mass Deacidification Pro- work and archival techniques. The center is con- gram; and the National Digital Newspaper/United sidered a leader in lifelong learning to benefit local States Newspaper Program. The Technology Pol- heritage and oral history in communities. The

library services 41 2004 field school, which took place in July and The Montana Heritage Project was established in was cosponsored by Brigham Young University in 1995 through the leadership and financial support of Provo, Utah, and AFC, focused on the topic “The the Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation. Orchards in Utah Valley.” The Arizona Heritage Project began in 2003 as an outgrowth of AFC’s Local Legacies project and is Ethnographic Thesaurus. In summer 2004,the Ethno- supported by the Salt River Project utility com- graphic Thesaurus Board and Advisory Group con- pany. Most recently, Brigham Young University se- tracted with a lexicographer, a database manager, cured funding to develop the Utah Heritage Project and two subject specialists to begin work on the in partnership with AFC. Planning for the Utah worldwide Ethnographic Thesaurus project, a di- Heritage Project began this fiscal year, with imple- rect outgrowth of the “Folklife Collections in Crisis mentation scheduled for spring 2005. Conference,”cosponsored by AFC and the Council In heritage education projects, secondary school on Library and Information Resources in Decem- teachers are trained to use folklife and heritage in ber 2000. the classroom to create place-based research projects for their students. The projects are resources Genetic Health Family History Project. The Health Re- for the community and create an appreciation of sources and Services Administration of the Depart- personal heritage among students and commu- ment of Health and Human Services has awarded nity members.The ongoing documentation is cu- $400,000 for a collaborative project among AFC, rated and deposited in the Archive of Folk Cul- Institute for Cultural Partnerships,American Soci- ture each year. In addition, selected students and ety of Human Genetics, and Genetic Alliance.The teachers visit the Library and make their presen- Healthy Choices through Family History Aware- tation in person. The American Folklife Center ness Project aims to increase awareness and under- assists with establishing the training model and is standing of the ways that family history and folklore available for consultation. Throughout the year, may influence personal health. The project will use the center’s director serves on the executive board ethnographic fieldwork to elicit health-related nar- for each project. ratives and will assist health professionals and families in identifying risk factors that should help de- Homegrown Concert Series. This monthly concert se- termine best medical care.A team of folklorists and ries is an ongoing project of AFC to document the genetic health specialists will work in the African best folk and traditional performing artists in the American and Latino communities of Harrisburg, United States—as determined by state folk arts co- Pennsylvania,during the initial phase of the project. ordinators—for the Archive of Folk Culture’s col- This cutting-edge initiative for the profession of lections. In addition, the series o∑ers AFC a way to folklore represents an exciting new partnership with serve the state folklife o≈ces across the nation by the medical community. o∑ering a venue in Washington, D.C., for their artists, as well as opportunities for congressional Heritage Education Projects. Heritage education is the outreach to constituents.The concerts are held once use of local cultural and historic resources for teach- a month, are free and open to the public, and strive ing the required curricula of kindergarten through for maximum diversity. Part of the Library’s I Hear high school. A leader in the advancement of her- America Singing initiative to showcase American itage education across the nation, AFC has helped musical creativity and heritage, the Homegrown establish and support three statewide initiatives. Concerts have presented artists from a wide range of

42 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 ethnic traditions (such as African American,Cuban, Key Acquisitions. The Alan Lomax Collection was ac- French Canadian,Mexican,Polish,and Vietnamese) quired as a result of a cooperative agreement between from twenty-two states since the series began. AFC and the Association for Cultural Equity and through the generosity of an anonymous donor.The Library of Congress Comes to Your Home Town Project. collection comprises the unparalleled ethnographic From November 13 to 17,the Library of Congress documentation collected by the legendary folklorist Comes to Your Home Town project presented over sixty years, including more than 5,000 hours of workshops on oral history interviewing tech- sound recordings; 400,000 feet of motion picture niques in Columbus, Cleveland, and Cambridge, film; 2,450 videotapes; 2,000 scholarly books and Ohio. A special Homegrown Concert featuring journals; hundreds of photographic prints and neg- Tony Ellis and the Musicians of Braeburn took atives; and more than 120 linear feet of manuscript place at the Pritchard Laughlin Civic Center in material such as correspondence,field notes,research Cambridge, Ohio. files, program scripts, indexes, and book and article manuscripts. This enormous collection documents Save Our Sounds Project. The Save Our Sounds music, dance, narrative, games, and other forms of (SOS) project developed out of a symposium traditional expression from throughout the United cosponsored by the Council on Library and Infor- States and from many other countries. mation Resources and AFC in December 2000. Folklorist Don Yoder, professor emeritus at the The goal of SOS is to preserve digitally some of the University of Pennsylvania, donated a collection sound collections that are in both AFC’s and the of his field recordings that document aspects of Smithsonian’s folklife archives and that are at great- Pennsylvania Dutch culture, particularly folk be- est risk of damage or deterioration. In addition, the lief, sermons and religious music, folksongs, and SOS project allows for developing new protocols harvest festivals.The collection comprises seventy- and best practices of audio preservation. Initial nine reel-to-reel tape recordings, which were cre- funding from Save America’s Treasures (a public– ated by Yoder over a thirty-year period. private partnership with the White House, Na- Pete and Tosi Seeger, of Beacon, New York, tional Park Service, National Trust for Historic donated their film collection to AFC. O≈cially Preservation, and corporate sponsors) has been donated in June 2003, the collection came to the supplemented by grants from the Rockefeller Library in fiscal 2004. Beginning in the mid-1950s, Foundation, the Grammy Foundation, the Rex the Seegers began to document on film the music, Foundation, and other sources. Eight AFC audio dance, games, and occupational lore of many places collections were identified for preservation; seven they visited around the world. The Pete and Tosi have been digitized to date, with the last now in Seeger Film Collection covers the years 1957 to 1965 progress.Those recordings were originally made in and includes footage of important musicians such many obsolete and fragile formats, including wax as Big Bill Broonzy (1957), Odetta and Bob Gibson cylinders, aluminum and acetate discs, wires, and (1957), and Elizabeth Cotten (1960). There is foot- open-reel tape. Several new collections have been age from the National Folk Festival (1957) and a identified for potential preservation in the continu- Texas prison (1965). The majority of the footage, ing SOS project. The fund-raising e∑orts are also however,derives from the Seeger family’s ten-month ongoing. SOS has enabled AFC to preserve and performing tour in 1963 and 1964, which included make available to the public numerous unique and stops in East and West Africa, India, Indonesia, endangered collections. Ireland, Israel, Japan, and the Soviet Union.

library services 43 Folklorist Alan Lomax, behind the camera, at a Mississippi festival in 1979.

The NAVCC facility will be constructed and National Audio-Visual made available to the government in two phases. Conservation Center Phase 1 includes the Collections Building, which is Construction on the National Audio-Visual an existing underground former Federal Reserve Conservation Center (NAVCC) facility in Cul- Bank facility that will be retrofitted entirely for peper,Virginia, continued throughout fiscal 2004. collections storage, and the Central Plant. Phase 1 The NAVCC will be a state-of-the-art conservation is scheduled for completion in May 2005, at which center that will consolidate the Motion Picture, time the Library will move all its non-nitrate film, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound (MBRS) Divi- video, recorded sound, and paper collections to the sion’s activities in one central facility, while greatly facility.Phase 2 includes the newly constructed ni- improving preservation e≈ciencies and turnaround trate vaults, composed of 125 individual vaults time for service to users. The forty-five-acre within two storage pods, and the new Conserva- NAVCC campus is being built with private-sector tion Building, which will house the division’s ad- support from the Packard Humanities Institute ministrative, curatorial, and processing sta∑s, as and will consist of four buildings containing well as the two MBRS preservation laboratories 420,000 square feet of space. (film; sound and video), on three main floors.

44 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Phase 2 will be completed in April 2006.The entire System (ILS) as soon as possible after the decision facility will be transferred to the government at to acquire is made. Through the Serial Record Di- that time, and sta∑ members from Washington, vision, the acquisitions divisions provide training D.C., and Dayton, Ohio, as well as the nitrate film and coordination for CONSER (Cooperative On- collections currently stored in Dayton, will be re- line Serials), which is the serial component of the located to Culpeper. Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC), and In January 2004, a new NAVCC Transition Pro- assignments of ISSN (International Standard Se- gram O≈ce was established for the purpose of re- rial Number). The acquisitions divisions also pro- locating the current MBRS operations, systems, vide international leadership in library exchange sta∑, and collections to Culpeper, and work began and cooperative acquisitions programs. on preparing the collections for the move. Work The bibliographic access (BA) divisions within continued on developing the system architecture ABA produce bibliographic records for books, elec- and process requirements for the center, as well as tronic resources, printed music, and sound record- the new preservation throughput models and work- ings, as well as authority records for the Library of flow procedures using both traditional analog and Congress catalog.Authority work is a primary serv- new digital preservation systems for all audiovi- ice of the BA divisions, because it establishes stan- sual formats within the film laboratory and the dard forms for names of persons, titles, corporate sound and video laboratory. entities, geographic entities, and subjects. Those At the MBRS Division’s temporary Elkwood authorized headings permit the collocation of sim- storage facility,located near Culpeper, installation ilar works in the Library’s catalog and are available was completed on approximately 10,000 square for use by other libraries, thereby greatly enhancing feet of high-density, mobile compact shelving. the quality of the library experience for users by This installation enabled the division to test shelv- enabling them to search multiple library catalogs ing designs and configurations for the NAVCC using the same search terms.The BA divisions also and to provide much-improved temperature- and develop cataloging policy, conduct training, and humidity-controlled environments for several im- distribute cataloging records and documentation portant archival collections. Collections moved to for the information community. Elkwood during the year included the Arch Obo- In fiscal 2004, the BA divisions and the Serial ler Collection, Bob Hope manuscripts, 7-inch and Record Division cataloged 294,510 bibliographic 10-inch Voice of America tapes, and recordable volumes, the second-highest total in their history. audio compact discs. The divisions made a top priority of remaining current with the cataloging of new receipts to prevent the receipts from becoming an arrearage. Acquisitions and Bibliographic This strategy proved successful because the divi- Access Directorate sions received 360,184 items in fiscal 2004 (com- Within the ABA Directorate, the acquisitions divi- pared to 364,886 received in fiscal 2003, a decrease sions acquire materials for the Library of Congress of 1.2 percent) and completed 378,381 (compared collections in all formats and in nearly 470 lan- to 374,079 items completed in fiscal 2003, an in- guages through purchase, exchange, gift, licensing, crease of 1.1 percent). and loan. For most materials, the acquisitions divi- There is no longer a one-size-fits-all mentality sions create initial bibliographic control and enter in the BA divisions.With rapid access as the goal, the materials in the Library’s Integrated Library di∑erent types of materials are treated di∑erently.

library services 45 Full or core original cataloging is the category of Cataloging in Publication titles. It enabled links to most interest to other libraries that depend on the and from another 8,300 catalog records to digital Library of Congress for cataloging data. Those tables of contents, which resided on a server. Links records have full description, subject analysis, and to table of contents data were also provided by Library of Congress Classification (LCC) num- BEAT’s ONIX projects. Those projects are de- bers, as well as authority records for all descriptive signed to link Library of Congress catalog records and subject access points, which are drawn from to tables of contents, publisher descriptions, sam- controlled vocabularies. Collection-level cata- ple text, and reading group guides provided by loging records have descriptive and subject access publishers in ONIX, the standard for communi- points that are in authorized forms from con- cating book industry product information in elec- trolled vocabularies and are supported by author- tronic form. In fiscal 2004, BEAT introduced links ity records when needed to distinguish entities to ONIX book jacket illustrations and author in- with identical names. In addition, 4,283 collec- formation. At year’s end, the software had more tion-level cataloging records with full authority than 250,000 links, including links to more than support were created from surrogates for archival 7,500 sample texts and more than 63,000 publisher manuscript collections in the National Union descriptions of their publications. During fiscal Catalog of Manuscript Collections. Copy cata- 2004, the Library counted approximately 1.5 mil- loging makes use of full- or core-level records cre- lion visits to the digital tables of contents and ated by other libraries. Most copy cataloging in the ONIX records residing on its server. BA divisions and the Serial Record Division was BEAT continued its venture with H-NET:Hu- supported by authority work performed only to manities and Social Sciences Online, which can establish necessary new subject headings or to link catalog records for certain monographs in the break conflicts between identical names. Minimal- Library’s collections to H-NET Reviews. New links level cataloging generally emphasizes description of were made to 1,022 titles, exceeding the target of the item to distinguish a work from others in the linking 1,000 reviews per year. catalog. However, most minimal-level cataloging created this year also had LCC numbers. Inven- Cataloging in Publication. The United States estab- tory-level records are the lowest level of processing lished the world’s first Cataloging in Publication and provide cost-e∑ective access to items that do (CIP) program in 1971 to provide cataloging in ad- not require fuller cataloging or standardized ac- vance of publication for those works most likely to cess points.Those records reside in databases sep- be widely acquired by the nation’s libraries. In the arate from the ILS. third of a century since then, the U.S. CIP program has produced cataloging for 1,280,995 titles. Pro- Bibliographic Enrichment Projects. The interdivisional fessional catalogers created CIP records from pub- Bibliographic Enrichment Advisory Team (BEAT) lishers’ galleys, applying the same standards as for initiates research and development projects to en- published books. The CIP Division carried out hance access to Library materials for users. The the administration and development of the pro- BEAT’s best-known project is the enrichment of gram. The division continued to encourage pub- online catalog records with electronic table of con- lishers to opt for the Electronic Cataloging in Pub- tents data. In fiscal 2004, BEAT-developed soft- lication program. During fiscal 2004, 55 percent of ware supported the inclusion of table of contents all CIP titles were submitted as Electronic CIP data in more than 36,000 records for Electronic galleys, which are cataloged much more quickly—

46 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 often within a few hours of receipt and without the NUCMC projects that received special focus this expense of mailing and handling paper galleys. year were the Montana Union List Project, the From September 2003 through May 2004, CIP Cooperative Historically Black Colleges and Uni- sta∑ members conducted an international survey of versities Archival Survey Project, and the Maine CIP programs to gain insights into the relation- Historical Collections Project. ship between national libraries and publishing communities. The responses showed the value of CIP Cataloging Policy. The Cataloging Policy and Sup- programs to libraries, readers, booksellers, and pub- port O≈ce (CPSO) is the principal Library unit lishers. Annually, CIP programs worldwide pro- for developing and maintaining cataloging poli- duce bibliographic records for more than 188,892 cies and resulting documentation, including the titles. The survey provided a basis for the Library, Library of Congress Rule Interpretations, Library of beginning in the next fiscal year, to consider the fu- Congress Classification Schedules, Library of Congress ture direction of the U.S. CIP program. Subject Headings, and related manuals. CPSO’s mission is (1) to provide leadership in the creation Cooperative Cataloging Programs. No library,even one and implementation of cataloging policy within as large as the Library of Congress, can catalog every the Library of Congress and in the national and in- new publication. Joining with other libraries has ternational library community; (2) to support the created a national network that results in speedier e∑ectiveness of the cataloging sta∑ at the Library access to materials for users everywhere. Coopera- of Congress—through guidance, advice on cata- tive cataloging programs play a vital role in ensuring loging policy, and maintenance of bibliographic, the contribution of high-quality cataloging data authority,holdings, and classification records; and that can be adapted by nearly any library in the (3) to develop and support national and interna- English-speaking world to represent its own collec- tional standards for structure and content of bib- tions. The chief of the Regional and Cooperative liographic, authority, holdings, and classification Cataloging Division and its Cooperative Cataloging records through cooperative endeavors. Team continued to administer the international The Library plays an active role in the governing Program for Cooperative Cataloging, particularly organizations for international cataloging policy. It the name authority component, NACO; the sub- works with other national libraries to set cataloging ject authority component, SACO; and the compo- rules, thereby making it possible for library users to nent that promotes contribution of monograph consult many libraries as they carry out their re- bibliographic records, BIBCO. search. In the area of descriptive cataloging, for The National Union Catalog of Manuscript which a primary standard is the Anglo-American Cat- Collections (NUCMC) is a distinctive cooperative aloguing Rules (AACR), the chief of CPSO repre- program that provides and promotes bibliographic sents the Library of Congress on the Joint Steering access to the nation’s documentary heritage. The Committee for Revision of AACR,and the director NUCMC Team administers the NUCMC pro- for Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access is the Li- gram and provides archival cataloging in the Re- brary’s representative to the Committee of Principals search Libraries Information Network biblio- for AACR, which is the overall governance body. graphic utility for manuscript repositories that are During fiscal 2004, the chief of CPSO participated not members of a bibliographic utility.Fiscal 2004 in the Joint Steering Committee deliberations that was the eighth consecutive year that the NUCMC led to the start of work on an entirely new edition of Team increased its cataloging production. Three the rules, which is planned for publication in 2007.

library services 47 The chief of CPSO continued as the Library of In fiscal 2004, RLG (formerly the Research Li- Congress’s technical leader for the Virtual Inter- braries Group) began the transition from the national Authority File, a collaboration among the Windows-based Research Libraries Information Library, Online Computer Library Center Inc. Network system that Library sta∑ members had (OCLC), and the Deutsche Bibliothek to link the used for more than twenty years for cataloging name authority files of the two great national li- materials in the so-called JACKPHY ( Japanese, braries so that searchers could view both files in the Arabic,Chinese,Korean,Persian,Hebrew,and language of their choice. The chief of CPSO also Yiddish) languages and scripts to a new Web- participated in the second International Meeting of based system called RLIN21, in which data are Experts on an International Cataloging Code.The stored in Unicode, which supports all languages meetings explored possibilities for aligning cata- and scripts. Members of the ABA sta∑ worked loging rules of di∑erent countries in order to in- with Information Technology Services and the crease the ability to share cataloging information ILS Program sta∑ to plan and coordinate the tran- worldwide. A statement of principles for an inter- sition at the Library.RLIN21 was first made avail- national cataloging code has been issued for world- able for searching in March 2004. The transition wide comment. period began with the introduction of RLIN21 Following the completion in fiscal 2003 of the input and update capability in June and was on- LCC schedules that were originally envisioned going at the end of the year. for legal materials, new initiatives emerged for In August, plans were codified to establish for- additional schedules in fiscal 2004. In particular, mal collaboration among the maintenance agen- research began for a classification schedule for cies in the United States, Canada, and France that law of indigenous peoples of North America. provide French-language subject access systems Planning got under way to align the BP classifica- based on LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Head- tion for Islam religion with KBP for Islamic law ings); Répertoire des vedettes matière (Université Laval, in the manner of BM for Jewish religion and Canada); and RAMEAU (Répertoire d’autorité-matière KBM for Jewish law. encyclopédique, alphabétique, unifié, maintained in In response to interest from the Library’s co- France). The agencies will submit proposals for operative cataloging partner institutions, a project new LCSH terms based on French publications. began to include specific LCC numbers for composers, other musicians, and groups in the name Decimal Classification Division. The Decimal Classi- authority records for those entities. Over the course fication Division pursued its three-pronged mis- of more than a century since Library of Congress sion: to develop, apply, and assist in the use of the class M (Music) has been in existence, duplicate Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC); to supply numbers and other irregularities have developed in Dewey numbers for books in English and other the classification schedule. Including the classifica- Western languages that are cataloged at the Li- tion information in the name authority records will brary of Congress; and to assist the DDC com- save cataloging time, not only at the Library,but also munity. The 200 Religion Class separate was pub- for other libraries that capture information from lished on May 14. Editorial work on DDC Abridged the Library of Congress’s authority records. Name Edition 14 was also completed early in the year.The authority records with those classification numbers Web version was released in December 2003, with were distributed to the Library’s MARC Distribu- the print version following in February 2004. The tion Service subscribers. Library of Congress continues to contribute to the

48 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 DDC because of its importance to the nation’s sources throughout the cataloging community. Web public libraries. One of the Library’s goals is to de- Cataloger’s Desktop provides the English-speaking velop tools and products that meet the needs of cataloging community with the major cataloging other libraries. documentation and tools twenty-four hours a day, seven days per week; it eliminates the technical Distribution of Cataloging Products and Tools. The support required with the CD-ROM version and Cataloging Distribution Service (CDS) served o∑ers enhanced functionality. CDS announced the information needs of the Library of Congress that it would cease production of the former cus- and its national and international constituencies tomized CD-ROM version of Cataloger’s Desktop by developing and marketing products and serv- for the Library’s cataloging sta∑ but would con- ices that provided access to Library of Congress tinue to market the general CD-ROM version as resources.Those resources include a∑ordable and long as su≈cient demand existed in the wider li- high-quality catalog records and cataloging docu- brary community. mentation produced by CPSO, MARC 21 formats, Capping a multiyear e∑ort, the CDS sta∑ and and publications for the Program for Cooperative ALA Publishing completed work on a new distri- Cataloging. In fiscal 2004, CDS o∑ered the prod- bution agreement, extending the Library’s right to ucts in several di∑erent media to serve di∑erent cus- distribute AACR, 2nd edition, in Cataloger’s Desk- tomers. For example, the 27th edition of Library of top, which currently provides the only online access Congress Subject Headings was issued this year in print to AACR. and in the CD-ROM and Web-based versions of New features were added to the other CDS Cataloger’s Desktop. LCC schedules continued to be Web-based product, Classification Web.In March available as both individual print publications and 2004, a link was added to enable users to access the as a complete set in Classification Web. Library’s bibliographic records directly from Classi- Print publications generated 32 percent of CDS fication Web.In July,after nearly three years ofne- business, down just 1 percent from fiscal 2003. gotiations with Forest Press, a division of OCLC MARC Distribution Services, which distributes that owns the Dewey Decimal Classification, the the Library’s cataloging data to other libraries and Library of Congress’s Dewey correlations feature vendors, accounted for 31 percent of revenue, an in- was also implemented, thus enabling users to enter crease of 3 percent over fiscal 2003.The two World DDC numbers and to view related LCC numbers Wide Web subscription products, Classification and Library of Congress Subject Headings. Those top Web and Web Cataloger’s Desktop, generated almost two enhancements were requested by customers in 26 percent of CDS revenue, a 7 percent increase. a survey conducted the previous year. Maps that The sole remaining CD-ROM product, Cataloger’s appear in the print edition of LCC Schedule G be- Desktop, generated more than 10 percent of the di- came available online by linking from Classification vision’s business, a decrease of 4 percent, which Web to the digitized color versions. was attributed to the availability of its Web-based In January, the Alert Service—the last remaining counterpart. card-based service CDS o∑ered—was transformed After extensive beta testing at the Library and into the MARC Alert Service as part of the CDS worldwide, on June 8 CDS released Cataloger’s MARC Distribution Services. Desktop on the Web—the second Web-based CDS In fiscal 2004, the CDS sta∑ continued work to product in two years—thereby reinforcing its com- migrate the division’s cataloging databases from mitment to support a migration to Web-based re- the Library’s mainframe computer to a server-based

library services 49 environment where the CDS databases will be twice during the year, addressed the Library’s major maintained under the Library’s ILS. Full system and unique collections so sta∑ members working in and parallel testing were scheduled for the first reference are better equipped to show scholars and quarter of fiscal 2005, before retiring the Informa- the general public how to take full advantage of the tion Technology Services mainframe. Library’s diverse and rich resources. To support the goals of the PCC and to fulfill li- “Quick Tips,”introduced this year by IDTD, are brary trainers’ needs for quick delivery to meet online tutorials that use simulation to allow a course deadlines, CDS began issuing training trainee to learn a single feature of an application as products in PDF (portable document format). if the trainee were actually working in it. “Quick The division published course materials for five Tips” were created for the PC Desktop, Group- Serials Cataloging Cooperative Training Program Wise e-mail features, and Web Cataloger’s Desktop. courses and this year started publishing the new Coincidentally with its change in name, the divi- Cooperative Cataloging Training course materials, sion created a new Library Services training and all in PDF. education Web site called Instructional Design and Training. The IDTD sta∑ members analyzed cus- Training in Library Services. The former Technical tomer behavior at training sites: for example, how Processing and Automation Instruction O≈ce was easily customers can locate information, what type renamed the Instructional Design and Training Di- of information is being sought, and what searching vision (IDTD) in the service unit realignment on methodology is used. Only after this analysis and a July 2. As the new name indicates, IDTD both de- test with customers on approaches to presenting in- velops and delivers training related to the technical formation did the IDTD proceed with the planned and professional skills needed by sta∑ members to design for this new Web site. carry out the mission of Library Services.The division also carries a large workload in registering Li- Significant Acquisitions. The trend to purchase elec- brary Services sta∑ members for training o∑ered tronic resources continued. Significant purchases by the Library of Congress’s Operations, Manage- for the Library’s electronic collections included ment, and Training Directorate. In addition to Eighteenth Century Collections Online and sev- IDTD’s own cadre of full-time instructors, interns eral H. W. Wilson retrospective files: Readers and detailed workers taught courses for IDTD this Guide Abstracts, Art Index, Index to Legal Peri- year. In fiscal 2004, 818 members of the Library odicals, Humanities and Social Science Abstracts, Services sta∑—37.2 percent of the sta∑—were en- and Making of Modern Law. rolled in at least one IDTD class, with 2,863 enroll- With the Asian Division, the African/Asian Ac- ments recorded in all. quisitions and Overseas Operations Division in- At the request of the Motion Picture, Broadcast- vestigated, tested, and subscribed to key Chinese ing, and Recorded Sound Division, IDTD created electronic databases—two series of the China Na- the course “Navigating and Searching in MAVIS.” tional Knowledge Infrastructure: Chinese Acade- To support the digital arena, the division created mic Journals and Chinese Core Newspapers for the course “Overview of the Cataloging of Non- the current year. More than 5,000 Chinese aca- Book Materials.” An IDTD sta∑ member organ- demic journals and more than 300 Chinese news- ized and coordinated the thirty-four-hour “Library papers are included in those two series. Services Reference Collections Orientation” course During fiscal 2004, three new databases from for reference librarians. The orientation, o∑ered East View Information Services were acquired: the

50 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Universal Database of Ukrainian Publications, the ¶ Judge Robert Bork finalized an Instrument of Universal Database of Russian National Bibliog- Gift for his papers five years after they were re- raphy, and the Universal Database of Statistical ceived by the Library’s Manuscript Division. Publications. ¶ Mercedes Eichholtz donated some 800 pieces The AARP (formerly American Association of of personal correspondence between her and her Retired Persons) and the Leadership Conference late husband, Supreme Court Justice William O. on Civil Rights announced their intention to do- Douglas. nate in electronic format the Voices of Civil Rights project, a collection of firsthand personal accounts ¶ The political cartoonist Ann Telnaes gave the Li- of participants in the Civil Rights movement, in- brary a collection of some seventy-five original cluding still and moving images, Web pages, audio drawings. Titled Humor’s Edge, a major exhibition recordings, documents, oral histories, manuscripts, of Telnaes’s work was mounted in the Thomas and research notes. Je∑erson Building this year. The eBookMatrix Publishing Corporation do- ¶ The Music Division welcomed the papers of vi- nated a significant electronic resource, the news- olinist and cultural leader Isaac Stern from the paper People’s Daily in electronic format for the years Stern Estate, culminating a ten-year e∑ort to bring 1946–2003.The BEAT Web Publications in Series Stern’s papers to the Library. project provided access to approximately 4,000 on- ¶ Fulfilling the obligations under the Instrument line full-text monographs. Over the past three fiscal of Gift signed last year, the Herb Block Foundation years, the project has provided access to 24,000 on- transferred 175,000 items of the cartoonist’s man- line full-text monographs in the social sciences. uscript (nongraphic) collection, including corre- Other gifts, agreements of deposit, and pur- spondence, notes, and photographs. chases greatly enhanced the Library’s collections this year. The acquisitions divisions worked with ¶ The papers of Russell W. Peterson (former the appropriate custodial divisions to negotiate the chairman of the President’s Council on Environ- following acquisitions: mental Quality and Director of the O≈ce of Tech- nology Assessment, U.S. Congress), which had ¶ The Jay I. Kislak Foundation gave the Library been outstanding since 1997 when the Instrument several thousand rare books, manuscripts, docu- of Gift was signed, were received. ments, maps, and masterworks of pre-Columbian culture and colonial art from North and South ¶ A Colorado donor gave the Library forty-one America.The works span three millennia of Native valuable political cartoons by Pat Oliphant, which American and European cultures, emphasizing the had been created while Oliphant worked in Denver. early contact period from 1500 in the Caribbean ¶ More than 1,000 manuscript items of French basin through the 1820s in Florida and the southern aviation pioneer Louis-Pierre Mouillard (1834– part of the United States.The gift also included an 1897) were received as a gift from the Estate of endowment to support research in those areas. Gabriel Dardaud, Beirut, Lebanon. ¶ An early pioneer in the development of Landsat ¶ The deposit collection of Daniel Patrick Moyni- and satellite mapping of Earth from outer space, han, maintained by the Library since 1977,was con- Alden P. Colvocoresses, transferred his personal verted to gift status by his widow, Elizabeth Moy- and professional papers and related cartographic nihan. Significant additions to Senator Moynihan’s materials and globes to the Library. papers were received throughout fiscal 2004.

library services 51 Acquisitions Funding. The GENPAC appropria- ¶ Provide national and international leadership in tion, which funds the purchase of Library collec- the development and promotion of cataloging pol- tions materials, has received nothing more than icy, practice, standards, and programs. small inflationary increases for the past ten years. ¶ Provide appropriate and quality bibliographic During that time, the growth of the appropria- and inventory control data for on-site and remote tion has not come close to keeping pace with the resources. increased cost of acquiring materials, and the Li- brary’s buying power has declined at the same ¶ Attain cataloging currency and meet arrearage time that electronic resources—an indispensable reduction targets. and relatively expensive class of research materi- ¶ Provide leadership in the application of biblio- als—have emerged and must be funded. Even as graphic control and access to digital content. the need for electronic resources grows, print publications are also increasing, not declining. In ¶ Develop sta∑ resources and provide e∑ective per- fiscal 2003, a Management Decision Package sonnel management. (MDEP) was developed and supported by the ¶ Ensure a secure environment for directorate Library’s Executive Committee to request a large sta∑, collections, and data. increase to the GENPAC base in the Library’s fiscal 2005 budget.The MDEP requested the fol- In August, the BA divisions began drafting a lowing: an increase of more than $4 million to new plan for fiscal 2005 and 2006 that reflected the GENPAC (to be apportioned over a three-year ABA merger. period), funding to establish a special Chinese acquisitions program, and a general price-level Congressional Hearings. At the request of the Con- increase. Both the House of Representatives and gressional Research Service, the Business and the Senate approved the MDEP price-level in- Economics Team of the Social Sciences Cata- crease. However, only $500,000 of MDEP’s re- loging Division launched a project to reclassify quested increase was approved by the House, the 6,800 pre-1970 congressional hearings into while the Senate approved zero. At the close of the KF schedule.Thus, the hearings can be moved the fiscal year, the di∑erence had yet to be worked from dispersed locations throughout the general out in conference. stacks to one location in the Law Library, where A moratorium on new serials subscriptions has they can be served to users much more e≈ciently. been in place for two years because of the lack of More than 700 hearings were retrospectively re- available GENPAC funds. An August survey classified in fiscal 2004.The BA divisions received showed that 2,733 new subscription requests were more than 1,200 current congressional hearings in on hold.The estimated annual cost for those sub- 2004 and processed most within days of receipt. scriptions was $238,445. The estimated cost for To achieve even greater e≈ciencies, the direc- related back files was $93,538. torate trained sta∑ members from the U.S. Gov- ernment Printing O≈ce (GPO) to assign LCC Bibliographic Access Strategic Planning. The BA divi- numbers to hearings and other legislative docu- sions’ new initiatives were guided by their strategic ments. Because GPO is a member of the Pro- plan, originally issued in fiscal 2003 as the Cata- gram for Cooperative Cataloging, the presence of loging Directorate Strategic Plan, Years 2003– the LCC number in GPO records beginning in 2008. The plan featured six strategic goals: October 2004 will enable the Library sta∑ to use

52 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 GPO records in the Library’s catalog with mini- Electronic Resources Acquisitions Initiatives. The Li- mal additional e∑ort. brary became a member of the Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB, or Electronic Jour- Database Improvement. During fiscal 2004, CPSO nals Library) in fiscal 2003. Through the Library began a one-year pilot project for a Database Im- of Congress–EZB partnership, the Library has provement Unit to develop, analyze, and document discovered more than 7,000 online e-journals, pro- maintenance procedures for the online catalog. The viding freely accessible content of serious research unit corrects records for authority, bibliographic, value within scope for the Library’s collections. holdings,and items and develops e≈cient procedures Membership in the EZB has led to an exchange for maintaining the bibliographic and authority of bibliographic metadata with the Deutsche Bib- databases. Using a combination of automated and liothek, Frankfurt, Germany,for 16,000 e-journal manual techniques,the unit updated approximately titles. 138,000 records since its inception on June 28. The On December 8, 2003, the Librarian of Congress pilot so far has confirmed the hypothesis that data- and Dr. Sreten Ugricic, director of the National Li- base maintenance can be performed most e∑ectively brary of Serbia, signed an agreement reestablishing in a centralized unit. the acquisitions exchange between the two libraries and proposing a collaborative initiative called Ex- Duplicate Materials Exchange Program. In 2002, a change Center 91-01. The center will include a re- business process improvement project was initiated search facility at the National Library of Serbia in to examine the Library’s program of duplicate ma- Belgrade, as well as a Web site that the Library will terials exchange.The goals were to maintain or im- help support. Both of those will be dedicated to ob- prove equitable exchange with actively partnering jective documentation of events and conditions in institutions; to reduce sta∑ time needed to manage Yugoslavia during the 1991–2001 era. They will the Library’s exchange programs; to reduce space present diverse viewpoints expressed in both the needed to store duplicates, list materials, and pack United States and the former Yugoslavia and will items; to reduce the number of times that items are feature various sources from government docu- physically handled; and to implement a Web-based ments to popular culture. customer interface that replaces paper lists. In March, the chief of the European and Latin All steps in this process, except for the last, have American Acquisitions Division met in Leipzig, been completed. Exchanges with 2,500 partners Germany, with representatives of the EZB, the worldwide, previously handled by various acquisi- Deutsche Bibliothek, the German State Library in tions sections,are now centrally serviced through the Berlin, and the Bavarian State Library to inaugu- Duplicate Materials Exchange Program (DMEP). rate discussion of a “whole life cycle” exchange of In September, the Library awarded a contract to government e-journals. The project is intended to SQN Solutions to develop the software and Web lead to the following exchanges between U.S. na- site to host an online version of the DMEP. The tional libraries (including the GPO) and German DMEP site will use shopping cart functionality to National Libraries (including EZB): allow the Library’s exchange partners to select ma- ¶ Free access online to government e-journals terials that they would like to receive in exchange for materials that they send to the Library. The ¶ The right to freely download and archive on Web site will greatly reduce the Library’s operating their own servers a subset of the other govern- costs for the DMEP. ment’s e-journals

library services 53 ¶ Metadata for those e-journals divisions contracted with an expert consultant to ¶ A commitment by each set of national libraries define the core data set and cataloging guidelines to preserve and provide access to its government’s for the access-level record, with a view to using it to e-journals provide users with catalog access to monographic and integrating remote-access electronic resources ¶ Electronic reference service in support of their (i.e.,Internet sites).The contractor’s report will serve government’s e-journals as the basis for the BA divisions to test the access- The proposal was well received by the German level record for functionality,cost-e∑ectiveness, and participants, and discussions continued through- conformance to standards. out the year. Another working group recommended changes to the existing workflow for remote-access electronic Electronic Resources Bibliographic Access. Recognizing resources, including enhancements to the function- that digital content would become an increasingly ality of TrackER,which is the electronic tra≈c man- important part of the Library’s collections in the ager used to track the progress of remote-access next decade, the assistant director for bibliographic electronic resources through the selection and cat- access ensured that the BA divisions had a leader- aloging pipeline. Training for electronic resources ship role in providing access to digital collections cataloging continued throughout the year. Ap- and were able to collaborate with other organiza- proximately thirty senior catalogers have now been tions that were inside and outside the Library and trained to catalog monographic digital resources that had an interest in digital content. Five working and Web sites. groups were formed to survey all sources of digital The directorate developed the software program content for which the BA divisions would poten- titled Web Cataloging Assistant, which automati- tially provide access, to recommend modes of bib- cally creates an electronic resource record that is liographic access, to survey existing automated tools based on the bibliographic data in the HTML (hy- for cataloging digital content, to propose workflows, pertext markup language) form found on the Web and to design an implementation and training plan. site of an individual monographic series. Abstracts The Processing Rules Analysis Working Group and keywords are added automatically to the records recommended the use of three main modes of bib- for selected series.The cataloger needs only to do the liographic access: Web guides created in the Col- authority work and to add subject headings. The lections and Services Directorate; full AACR2 and program notifies the cataloger by e-mail whenever a MARC 21 cataloging for certain high-value, high- new title has been added to a series, thus permitting persistence digital resources; and records created rapid update of the bibliographic data. using Metadata Object Description Schema. The last is a simpler format derived from MARC 21 that Exchanges with Iranian Institutions. Although the Li- could be implemented less expensively for certain brary’s retrospective collections of Iranian materials Web resources that the Library harvested and ar- are extraordinarily rich, there are major gaps in the chived from the Internet. The working group also collections covering the past twenty-five years.As an recommended that a new access-level record be initial step in improving the acquisition of contem- defined in the MARC 21 format, emphasizing those porary Iranian materials, the Library reestablished data elements that support searching and subject an exchange arrangement with the National Library access rather than description. With funding pro- of Iran. At year’s end, plans had been made for the vided by the O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives, the BA Librarian of Congress to travel to Iran. In addition,

54 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 the African/Asian Acquisitions and Overseas Op- the electronic CIP program as it provides concise, erations Division established exchanges with two objective summaries of both juvenile and adult other Iranian institutions, the Ayatollah Mar’ashi books at no additional cost to the Library. Najafi Library and the Encyclopedia of Iran. All Copy cataloging production increased nearly 19 three new exchanges bore fruit in fiscal 2004, thus percent during fiscal 2004, indicating an improve- improving the Library’s collections. The division ment in the quality of the catalog because many started using a new purchase vendor for Iranian law items would otherwise have received minimal- materials in Tehran and began testing the services of level cataloging.An important factor in increasing California-based suppliers of Iranian publications. production was the use of Z-Processor, a software application that was developed in ABA and that External Sources for Cataloging. The realignment of sequentially searches both bibliographic utilities, Library Services paved the way for innovative think- next allows the searcher to view and select the best ing about traditional Library functions, including copy found, and then merges the best record into monographic cataloging and book preparation.The the Library’s Integrated Library System.A similar European and Latin American Acquisitions Divi- application, Z-Client, sequentially searches for sion, with the Social Sciences Cataloging Division compact discs, long-playing sound recordings, and the Cataloging Policy and Support O≈ce, de- scores, and music books. signed a pilot project to determine whether a major The divisions used Marcadia, the automated book dealer can provide shelf-ready books for the copy-matching service now owned by Backstage Library’s collections. The pilot will assess a major Library Works Inc., to help process more than book dealer’s proposal to provide—at significant 4,400 items in law, the arts, and the social and cost and time savings—completed bibliographic de- physical sciences. The Library’s field o≈ce in Rio scription, subject access, authority work, binding, de Janeiro also began to produce copy-cataloged labeling, and security stripping for the books it sup- records during fiscal 2004. plies under the Library’s approval plan. The dealer The Bibliographic Access Management Team ap- submitted a sample of completed bibliographic proved a plan to add a Dewey component to the records in August for the Library’s review. Program for Cooperative Cataloging. Under this In January 2004, the BA divisions suspended ad- plan, the PCC will formally recognize the DDC ditional cataloging treatment for juvenile nonfiction, contributions of PCC libraries that assign full (seg- as well as DDC for juvenile fiction,so they could im- mented) DDC numbers using DDC Edition 22.The prove the throughput time for juvenile works in the first phase of the initiative, involving Northwestern CIP program and could complete a large backlog of University Library and Oklahoma State University work caused by a sharp increase in receipts of CIP Library,will yield approximately 2,000 bibliographic galleys by the Children’s Literature Team of the His- records each year that are recognized by the PCC as tory and Literature Cataloging Division.That team adhering to mutually agreed international standards eliminated its backlog while continuing to provide and are easily adaptable by libraries that use the complete cataloging, including summaries, for juve- DDC to organize their collections. nile fiction. To compensate for the suspension of nonfiction summaries and nonfiction juvenile cata- ISSN Revision. The International Standard Serial loging, publishers were encouraged to submit sum- Number (ISSN) standard ISO 3297 was first pub- maries through the CIP program. This project lished by the International Organization for Stan- promises to become an important enhancement of dardization (ISO) in 1975. The ISSN has become

library services 55 one of the most widely implemented standards in in Information Technology Services completed the information community worldwide. The head some programming of the interface but suspended of the National Serials Data Program, the Serial that work in early summer in order to devote re- Record Division, was active in an ISO Working sources to the implementation of Oracle 9i. The Group that this year began drafting and negotiating implementation date for New Books, originally revisions to the international standard on which May 2005, was to be rescheduled in fiscal 2005. the ISSN system is based and dealing with related implementation issues. She also surveyed various Bibliographic and Inventory Control of Serials. The Se- U.S. libraries to gain input for the ISSN revision rial Record Division sta∑ cataloged more than 700 and has given presentations at the North American e-serials and added URLs (uniform resource loca- Serials Interest Group conference and at several tors) to a significant number of print records to American Library Association meetings to update lead catalog users to the online counterparts. The the U.S. library community on the revision work. division reduced the cost of its cataloging by intro- The revised ISSN standard will include an appen- ducing copy cataloging by technicians. dix that specifies best practices for using ISSNs as A team composed of sta∑ members from the Se- digital object identifiers; relates the ISSN to the rial Record Division, the African/Asian Acquisi- OpenURL standard, which underlies convenient tions and Overseas Operations Division, and the online linking of citations to content in a range of ILS O≈ce worked to set up the Rio de Janeiro online services; and gives examples of the use of the O≈ce’s check-in project.A cataloging section head ISSN in OpenURL resolvers. The ISSN revision from the Serial Record Division visited the field will encourage use of the ISSN as an identifier for o≈ce on July 5–13 to train a group of six Rio sta∑ digital objects.The ISO Working Group also con- members about searches, check-ins, publication sidered policy on whether the same or multiple patterns, holdings records, and creations of check- ISSNs should be assigned to the same serial con- in components in the ILS. At year’s end, the proj- tent that is issued in multiple formats, such as, print, ect was under evaluation. If indicated, the ILS compact disc, and World Wide Web. Work con- check-in activity will be expanded to the Library’s tinued into fiscal 2005, with a target date of April other overseas o≈ces. 2005 for issuing the revised standard ISO 3297. The serials holdings conversion project was completed by contractors in October 2003. During the New Books. The CIP Division continued to work last year of the project, Library technicians resolved with Information Technology Services to develop more than 2,500 complex related problems. The New Books, the project that will enrich online cat- Library’s information about serial holdings is now alog records with links to information about au- entirely online. thors, jacket illustrations, and other additional information. New Books will include the Library of Collections and Services Congress Partnership program, under which li- Directorate brary users throughout the United States will be able to use the Library of Congress’s New Books The nineteen divisions of the Collections and Web site to reserve a forthcoming book at their lo- Services Directorate participated in the entire Li- cal library. The CIP Division developed most of brary’s digital strategy; entered collaborative part- the needed Web pages and a user-friendly keyword nerships to advance the Library’s mission to ac- searching interface for New Books. Sta∑ members quire, describe, and serve a universal collection in

56 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 all formats; made progress in reducing the Li- tals to the World Web site, which provides selec- brary’s arrearages; worked to acquire, preserve, tive links to electronic resources from around the process, and secure the collections; continued to globe, thereby o∑ering authoritative, in-depth in- build new Library facilities at Culpeper,Virginia, formation about the nations of the world. The and at Fort Meade, Maryland; and pursued ini- links were selected by the Library’s area specialists tiatives in collections development, public service, and other Library sta∑ members, using Library of and education and outreach. Most important, the Congress selection criteria. At year’s end, more various divisions provided reference service to pa- than 200 countries and other areas of the world trons in person, by telephone and mail, and were covered in the Portals project. through the Library’s Web site. Area specialists and reference librarians contin- The Collections and Services Directorate is or- ued to provide reference services to users, whether ganized under three general areas. First, the General in person, by telephone, or through interactive Collections and Services divisions report to the di- Web forms.The e-mail queries to the African and rector and include the African and Middle Eastern Middle Eastern Division increased, and the divi- Division,Asian Division, European Division, Fed- sion answered 955 reference queries submitted eral Research Division, Hispanic Division, and through the collaborative reference service known Humanities and Social Sciences Division. Sec- as QuestionPoint (QP). In the Humanities and ond, the assistant director for Collections Man- Social Sciences Division, 8,576 electronic refer- agement is responsible for the Baseline Inventory ence requests were received through QP.This Program; the Collections Access, Loan, and Man- figure includes 6,664 QP queries for the Main and agement Division; the Digital Reference Team; Microform Reading Rooms and 1,912 QP in- and the Photoduplication Service.Third, the Spe- quiries for the Local History and Genealogy cial Collections and Services divisions also have an Reading Room. In all formats, the Science, Tech- assistant director under the general oversight of nology, and Business Division answered 311,241 the director. Those divisions are the Children’s reference questions.The Hispanic Reading Room Literature Center; Geography and Map Division; served 8,903 readers, an increase over fiscal 2003. Manuscript Division; Motion Picture, Broadcast- ing, and Recorded Sound Division; Music Divi- African and Middle Eastern Division. The African sion; Prints and Photographs Division; Rare Book and Middle Eastern Division (AMED) provided and Special Collections Division; Science, Tech- reference and bibliographic services covering more nology, and Business Division; and Serial and than seventy countries and regions, from South Government Publications Division. This organi- Africa to Morocco to the Central Asian republics zational structure brings all the reading rooms of the former Soviet Union. Of primary signifi- and custodial divisions of Library Services to- cance was the exhibition From Haven to Home: 350 gether, intensifying their focus on the collections Years of Jewish Life in America. This exhibition fea- and service to users. tured more than 200 treasures of American Ju- daica from the collections of the Library of Con- gress, which were augmented by a selection of General Collections and Services important loans from other institutions.The com- In fiscal 2004, the General Collections and Serv- panion volume to the exhibition (From Haven to ices divisions were heavily involved in public serv- Home: 350 Years of Jewish Life in America,New York: ice and digital projects.All contributed to the Por- George Braziller, in association with the Library of

library services 57 Anglo-American Acquisitions Division, and a preservation specialist met in Baghdad, Iraq, to assist with the reconstruction of the National Library of Iraq. In addition to preserving 40,000 documents and rare books, the team plans to bring Iraqi librarians to the Library of Congress for training.

Asian Division. The Asian Reading Room serves as the gateway to collections in all languages of Asia (except Russian) and material about Asian Amer- ican studies, the Asian diaspora, and the Pacific Is- lands. Selections from the Naxi Manuscript Col- lection, a digitized collection of documents that detail the unique cosmology of the Naxi people of the Yunnan Province in Southwest China, was released on the Web site June 1, 2004. It is the first Global Gateway digital collection to feature only Library of Congress collection items. Of the Asian Division’s material collections, A Library exhibition and book (pictured here) commemo- more than 350,000 Asian language books were rated 350 years of Jewish life in America. transferred to Fort Meade, 2,434 serial volumes were bound (by contractors), and another contract Congress, 2004) is an illustrated publication with was signed to continue the e∑ort. ten essays by leading scholars of American Jewish The Asian Division made its Korean Serial Data- history. base available on the division Web home page, the In 2004,AMED launched several important new first time that the Library’s publicWeb pages pro- initiatives. On January 26 in Cairo, the associate li- vided for searching Korean in original script. brarian signed the protocol for a Global Gateway The International Research Center for Japanese project with the National Library of Egypt. The Studies (Nichibunken) agreed to digitize four of project’s initial focus is on selected manuscripts and the Library’s illustrated Japanese rare books from other rarities held by the two institutions.The Near the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries (Nara Ehon) East Section digitized 468 Arabic script calligraphy and to fund digitization of 2,500 Japanese wood- sheets. Manuscripts from the exhibition Ancient block prints (Ukiyo-e, Yokohama-e, and others). Manuscripts from Desert Libraries of Timbuktu were The Library began digitization and will provide scanned and will be made available online. With high-resolution digital files of the four books free the publisher’s permission, AMED scanned in of charge to Nichibunken in spring 2005. PDF the checklists to the microfiche set titled Ar- The Chinese Section, Asian Division, devoted menia Selected Sources and mounted them on the Ar- much e∑ort to successful collaborations during the menia country page in Global Gateway with an ac- year. The section reached agreement with the Na- companying introduction. tional Central Library, Taiwan, to collaborate in During October 27–November 3, the Library’s digitizing 2,500 Chinese rare titles held in the area specialist for the Arab world, the chief of the Asian Division.The National Central Library will

58 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 provide equipment and sta∑ and will absorb all In April 2004, the Library and the Bibliothèque digitization costs. A cooperative agreement be- nationale de France concluded an agreement to tween the Library and the Academia Sinica, fully develop a joint digital project on the theme of the funded by the latter, was concluded successfully. French in North America, emphasizing early Both parties prepared machine-readable cataloging French explorers. records of the printed Chinese map collection and The European Division also took the lead in dig- cooperated in scanning some 200 pre-1870 Chi- itizing and making available important online re- nese maps in the Library’s collections. sources from European collections, including tele- During the year, the Friends Society of the Asian phone and business directories from Poland and Division was established, and the Chinese Section Romania. In cooperation with the Manuscript Di- celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary. Subse- vision, the European Division began a project to quently,the division was reorganized into two sec- digitize and develop an index to the 110-volume tions, Collection Services and Scholarly Services, Polish Declarations of Admiration and Friendship for and the regional sections were abolished. the United States, which contains names of several million Polish elementary school children from European Division. This division is the primary 1926. Under a grant from Yukos Oil, the division public access point for researchers seeking to use hosted two Yukos Junior Research Fellows and the Library’s vast collections relating to European five Yukos Junior Leadership Fellows from Octo- countries, including the Russian-speaking areas ber 2003 through January 2004. of Asia. Of primary importance, Meeting of Fron- tiers—a Global Gateway collaborative digital li- Federal Research Division. The Federal Research Di- brary project between the Library of Congress and vision (FRD) performed international and do- the Russian State Library in Moscow, the Na- mestic research and analysis for U.S. government tional Library of Russia in St. Petersburg, and agencies on a transfer-of-funds basis under the Li- seven institutions in west Siberian cities—com- brary of Congress Fiscal Operations Improvement pleted a major expansion in September 2003 (the Act of 2000. Research and analytical reports in- seventh expansion since the site was first launched cluded thirty-three analytical studies and reports; in December 1999). The latest expansion added eighty translations; and This Day in History,a 365- 5,575 items (255,177 total digital files) from four- day calendar of information. teen di∑erent libraries and archives to this gateway FRD received $2.5 million from the Department to the frontier experience and to much that re- of Defense to revive the Country Studies series, as mains important about the national identities of directed by Congress. FRD, along with the House Russia and America in the twenty-first century. of Representatives Committee on House Admin- In November, the Library of Congress and the istration, developed permanently embedded funds National Library of the Netherlands launched the for the Country Studies series in all future De- collaborative project titled The Atlantic World: fense appropriations bills, thus ensuring funding to America and the Netherlands, 1609 to the Present. produce future titles in this online series of up-to- This Web site, coordinated within the European date information about the world’s countries. Division, includes more than seventy items, total- Other congressionally mandated programs served ing some 11,737 images from the collections of the by FRD are the Southeast Asia POW/MIA (Pris- Library, the National Library of the Netherlands, oner of War/Missing in Action) Database for the and four other Dutch institutions. Defense POW/Missing Personnel O≈ce and the

library services 59 Distinguished Service Cross Awards Report (on the eighteenth century to the present, and parallels Hispanic American and Jewish American recipi- and contrasts between Brazilian and American cul- ents of that award between December 7, 1941, and ture and history.The collection has approximately December 12, 2001) for the Army Human Re- 7,000 items, such as rare books, maps, engravings, sources Command. and text. In collaboration with the Geography and FRD ensured that seven microform reels of de- Map Division, Macau: a Selection of Cartographic classified Southeast Asia POW/MIA documents, Images was the Library’s first trilingual Web site transferred from the Department of Defense, were (English, Portuguese, and two forms of Chinese). delivered to the Library’s Microform and Machine- Volume 59 of the Handbook of Latin American Readable Collections Reading Room. Various col- Studies was published, and volume 60 was sent to lections on the FRD Web site were heavily visited, press. Handbook of Latin American Studies Online as shown by the count of files that were accessed now has more than 320,000 citations to authori- during the year:Terrorism/Crime Studies—635,553; tative works in Latin American studies. Sta∑ Military Legal Resources (launched in fiscal 2004)— members developed an OpenURL draft standard 628,461; Southeast Asia POW/MIA Database— to deliver Web services for the Handbook.This ap- 308,336; Heritage Calendars—67,015; Cold Regions plication automatically links citations to Web Bibliography—74,175 (a static site–no items added services. since 2000); U.S.–Russia Joint Commission on POWs and MIA Documents—10,279. Humanities and Social Sciences Division. This division The sta∑ of FRD responded to 584 reference in- consists of three sections: the Main Reading Room quiries.An essay on the history of the U.S. Foreign (MRR), Microform and Machine Readable Col- Agricultural Service was published in AgExporter lections, and Local History and Genealogy. Re- (December 2003). Two FRD studies were posted searchers who work in one of the specialized read- to the Library’s Web site in fiscal 2003: “Asian Or- ing rooms often begin their work in the MRR in ganized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Canada, order to use the electronic resources in the Com- 1999–2002” and “Transnational Activities of Chi- puter Catalog Center, consult the Main Card Cat- nese Crime Organizations.” They were published alog, obtain an orientation to the Library as a whole, in Trends in Organized Crime (Spring 2004). use the MRR reference collection, or consult with the reference sta∑ in any of the three sections. To Hispanic Division. This division is the primary ac- this end, a total of 59 research orientation sessions cess point for research relating to those parts of the were held for 768 researchers; 38 classes, including world encompassing the geographical areas of the one evening session each month, were taught by Caribbean, Latin America, and Iberia; the indige- the MRR sta∑ for 608 researchers; and 21 Local nous cultures of those areas; and peoples through- History and Genealogy orientation sessions were out the world who have been historically influ- held for approximately 160 participants. In addi- enced by Luso–Hispanic heritage. The division tion, MRR and Local History and Genealogy gave launched two important collections on the Li- 103 special research and subject presentations for al- brary’s Web site in March. Brazil and the United most 1,500 patrons.The increased reliance on e-mail States: Expanding Frontiers, Comparing Cultures, led to abolishing the Reference Referral Service on which is a collaboration with the National Library April 2, 2004; sta∑ members were reassigned to of Brazil, explores the history of Brazil, interac- other units within the Humanities and Social Sci- tions between Brazil and the United States from ences Division.

60 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Science, Technology, and Business Division. This divi- American Memory,Global Gateway,I Hear Amer- sion is the principal location for research in the ar- ica Singing,Prints and Photographs Online Catalog, and eas of science, technology, technical reports and the ILS. Fifteen collections in those Web sites, as standards, and business and economics. In fiscal well as the Veterans History Project,were expanded 2004, the division evaluated, weeded, or reorgan- or updated with new content. There were 744,105 ized more than 4,500 technical reports from for- new digital items and 9,262,840 files in 145 digital eign countries. Two business reference guides, collections made available to users. In the latter part “History of the New York Stock Exchange” and of the year, three projects were identified as priori- “Salary and Compensation Research at the Library ties: the National Digital Newspaper Program, the of Congress,”were added to the Business Reference Veterans History Project, and Global Gateway col- Services Web site. Four titles in the LC Science laborative projects. Tracer Bullet series were published and added to the Science Reference Services Web site. Approx- Key Acquisitions. For all General Collections and imately 5,000 brittle Publications Board technical Services divisions except FRD, recommending, re- reports (captured German scientific documents viewing, and selecting materials for the collections and applications from the World War II era) were were primary functions. Noteworthy acquisitions microfiched, and the division began photocopying by AMED included a Dutch–English Torah Scroll more than 155,000 nonbrittle reports. on parchment (ca. 1700); the archives of the First The Science, Technology, and Business Division Georgian Republic; ephemera from various West sponsored fifteen public lectures to foster interest in African groups; forty-five rare imprints from Af- science and business and highlighted the Library’s ghanistan, Iran, Central Asia, and South Asia, pri- collections in those areas.The division hosted a Sci- marily in Persian; and a Ge’ez Psalter (the Book of ence Safari, sponsored by the Department of En- Psalms in this Ethiopian language). Acquisitions ergy, in observance of Excellence in Science, Tech- funded by the Madison Council included a 1762 nology, and Mathematics Education Week. The edition of the Old Testament in Hebrew and Span- event featured hands-on experiments and science ish; retrospective Iraqi publications, previously un- demonstrations conducted by outstanding science available because of sanctions that had been in place and math teachers from around the country. for twelve years; and publications issued by Artists’ The division initiated monthly orientations to Press, Johannesburg, for the Kuru Art Project in the Science and Business Reading Room for sta∑ Gantsi, Botswana. members, researchers, and visitors. It initiated the The Asian Division strengthened the Library’s Web page Everyday Mysteries, a question-and- position as a repository of Tibetan cultural heritage answer site providing scientific explanations of by an Instrument of Gift with Dr. Melvyn Gold- common phenomena and highlighting books and stein to obtain the Tibetan Oral History Archive, a materials in the Library’s collections. digital archive of more than 1,000 hours of interviews with government o≈cials in Tibet and in ex- Digital Conversion Team. The Digital Conversion ile, as well as with monks, nuns, nomads, and others, Team serves the Library’s users by coordinating all over the past fifty years; and through the donation aspects of presenting digitally converted materials by a retired Library employee of 1,001 volumes of Ti- from the Library Services collections, as well as the betan literature. Other gifts to the Asian Division collections of selected partners. Twenty-one new included materials on French Indochina and colo- collections were completed and presented through nial India from the library of Paul Mus.

library services 61 The European Division worked with Informa- in the Library’s Capitol Hill buildings, and handles tion Technology Services and external suppliers to congressional requests for collection materials and make the one million images and accompanying interlibrary loans. This division also takes the lead database from the Comintern files, which were ac- within the Library in selecting, securing, and mov- quired the previous year, available in the Reading ing collection materials that are suitable for the Room. Also obtained were thirty-eight microfilm Library’s o∑-site storage facility in Fort Meade, reels of rare Lithuanian newspapers (a continua- Maryland.The Baseline Inventory Program works tion of the Open House cooperative microfilming closely with CALM and other custodial units to project in Russia and Lithuania), a nearly com- inventory the collections. The Photoduplication plete run of Pruncul roman, several hundred books Service provides access to the collections by mak- from Belgium dating to 1910, and the microfilm ing reproductions available on a cost-recovery ba- version of Grodnienskie gubernskie vedomosti from sis, within the requirements of copyright law.The 1838 to 1915. Digital Reference Team, the newest of the Collec- The Hispanic Division purchased the manuscript tions Management units, enhances the value of Carta confirmatoria de hildaguía (Mexico, 1600). It ac- the collections by providing reference service to quired Argentina: La Revolución de Mayo (Buenos o∑-site users. Aires, 1805–1920); Fernando Velázquez Minaya, Esfera, forma del mundo: con una breve descripción del Collections Access, Loan, and Management Division. mapa (Madrid: Por la viuda de Luis Sanchez, 1628), The CALM Division continued to manage the which is in the custody of Rare Book and Special general collections by serving the reading rooms in Collections Division and—through a member of a host of ways.There were 404,315 items circulated the Madison Council—Breve noticia de Nuestra Se- in the various general reading rooms and Library ñora de los Angeles . . . by Pablo Antonio Peñuelas o≈ces. The ILS statistics showed that 321,814 new (Mexico, 1781), an early history of Los Angeles. items circulated inside and outside the Library, The 400-volume Spengler collection of news- mostly internal charges, including material assigned paper clippings from World War I was acquired for to reference collections and sta∑ desks. Research the Humanities and Social Sciences Division. The facilities accounted for more than half of all items microform custodial collections added 122,884 items. charged. CALM worked with the Information Eighty-six Arabic-language middle school text- Technology Services’ Digital Scan Center to digi- books that FRD obtained for research were later tize seventy public domain titles that were too brit- donated to AMED, and FRD submitted twenty- tle to circulate in original form. Circulation sta∑ eight reports to the Federal Agency Collection of members linked 153,502 new items in the ILS. the Serial and Government Publications Division. The Loan Reference Section processed 63,341 interlibrary loan requests from U.S. libraries and 4,065 requests from foreign libraries.The Loan De- Collections Management Divisions livery Unit filled requests by sending the artifact, The Collections Management divisions serve Con- photocopied and mailed 10,261 photocopies to li- gress and researchers by providing ongoing man- brary patrons, and sent 5,430 Ariel transmissions agement of the Library’s general collections. The to other libraries possessing the RLG-developed Collections Access, Loan, and Management Divi- Ariel software for interlibrary loans. CALM earned sion (CALM) has custody of the general collec- $9,986 in Interlibrary Loan Fee Management cred- tions, serves collection materials and users on-site its by filling 774 loans using OCLC’s Interlibrary

62 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Loan Fee Management systems—a 25.65 percent crowding in the Adams and Je∑erson Buildings, increase over fiscal 2003. CALM began a project to identify monographs CALM continued to expand and refine its serv- for which the Library holds multiple copies.When ice to constituents. The advance reserve service multiple copies are found, one copy is retained on witnessed steady growth, retrieving more than Capitol Hill; additional copies are transferred to 3,100 books from the stacks for immediate service Fort Meade. A total of 142,157 additional copies to researchers who arrived at the Library from with copyright dates of 2000 or earlier were in- outside the Washington metropolitan area. The ventoried to ensure accuracy of online records Book Service Quality Assurance Team, begun in and were transferred to Fort Meade. To facilitate May 2002, continued to be highly successful. The the transfers, the Baseline Inventory Program division received 1,367 online reference questions streamlined the inventory process: shelflist cards through QP. The reader registration station is- are no longer used as a routine part of inventory sued 36,240 cards to users of the Library’s reading process and are retrieved only when problem res- rooms, collections, or both. olution is needed. The Collections Maintenance Section of CALM On the recommendation of the Library’s audi- provided critical support for collections manage- tors, the division adopted a program for new ad- ment throughout the Library. The section trans- ditions to the general collections under which ported items from the stacks to the Fort Meade CALM (for general collections) or other receiving processing area and sta∑ed the o∑-site storage fa- units will change the ILS item status from “In cilities at Fort Meade and Landover, Maryland. Process” to “Not Charged” when actually taking The entire AMED collection was relocated from custody of the item; the Book Service Section will the Adams Building to the Je∑erson Building on review new books and change the item status. By four decks close to the AMED Reading Room, transferring those responsibilities from the Bind- greatly speeding service to users. ing and Collections Care Division to CALM, Li- There were 567,990 items transferred to Fort brary Services has made the chain of custody of Meade, bringing to 1,221,773 the total number of collection materials more accurate and can provide items transferred to Module 1 since the program’s more up-to-date information to catalog users con- inception.The one-millionth item was accessioned cerning the whereabouts of Library materials. into Fort Meade on June 23, 2004. Requests for A new Special Search program was implemen- materials in Module 1 continue to increase. CALM ted using an online special search request form received and filled 8,888 requests for Fort Meade and tracking system. The new system allows the items and attained a 100 percent success rate for republic and sta∑ members to submit requests on- trieval. Module 1 is approximately 90 percent full. line for items not found in an initial retrieval at- Module 2 construction began in December 2003; tempt, rather than using a paper form available completion and commission is expected during only on-site. spring 2005. To ensure security of some of the general col- The CALM Loan Reference Section received lections’ more vulnerable materials and to prepare 29,067 requests from members of Congress and for opening the Special Materials Reading Area their sta∑ members, a 10.37 percent increase over on the fifth floor of the Adams Building, materi- fiscal 2003. als in the general collections categorized as high- To accommodate new acquisitions throughout risk materials were centralized on one deck in the collections storage areas and to alleviate extreme Adams Building.

library services 63 Baseline Inventory Program. This program contin- well as responding to requests to microfilm from ued to inventory the collections, concentrating its outside customers. In fiscal 2004, 35,000 micro- e∑orts on those being transferred to the Library’s fiche orders were filled, a 27 percent increase since o∑-site storage facility at Fort Meade.The Baseline fiscal 2003. The service received customer orders Inventory Program inventoried 695,357 items from to duplicate 8,700 reels of positive microfilm from the general collections and the Asian Division; al- the Library’s microform collection. Its Copy Cen- most all items were subsequently transferred to ter produced 69,684 photocopy exposures, a 15.4 Fort Meade. Approximately 13 percent of the in- percent increase from fiscal 2003. Approximately ventoried items required some degree of problem 5,700 orders covering more than 20,000 items resolution and database correction by the contrac- were completed, but revenue for photographic or- tor and the Library sta∑. ders decreased 3.5 percent in fiscal 2004. About 400,000 pages were microfilmed, primarily news- Digital Reference Team. Reference support for the paper and periodical titles.The revenue from dig- Library’s digital collections and the digital refer- ital reproductions rose 26 percent over last year’s ence initiative are the primary functions of the figures. Digital Reference Team. The team continued to function as the QP team and worked with the Online Computer Library Center in performing Special Collections and Services Divisions numerous testing functions for this online collab- The Special Collections and Services divisions orative reference service. provided collection development, reference service, The team answered nearly 13,991 QP inquiries and collections management for the Library’s col- and conducted 1,130 live chat sessions. As part of lections in special formats. They also provided the public outreach to make the Library’s digital bibliographic access for manuscripts, prints, pho- collections more accessible, the team held 113 on- tographs, sound recordings, moving images, maps, site workshops and presentations for about 2,054 and atlases. participants, 166 video conferences for 2,945 participants, and 16 o∑-site workshops and presenta- Children’s Literature Center. As a major source for tions for 780 participants.The team developed and research into the history of writing for children, refined four workshops for teaching on-site or as the center responded to inquiries from members video conferences. Seven Web guides were intro- of the traditional children’s book community duced on the Virtual Programs and Services Page, from all over the world. It also assisted members and six segments to accompany American Memory of the general public. The center responded to collections for the Read More About It! program inquiries from Germany,India, Iran, and Japan, as were added. well as many parts of the United States. Increas- The team also conducted a pilot test with Web ingly, the center’s readers are taking advantage of conferencing software that considers program con- the Library’s online information as more and tent, technology constraints, audience needs, audi- more of the Library’s juvenile material is digitized ence hardware and software, and presenter needs. for the Web, such as the scrapbook of Lewis Car- roll and The Wizard of Oz: An American Fairy Tale Photoduplication Service. This service is a cost-recovery by Frank Baum. operation that continued its active program of mi- The chief of the center attended a symposium on crofilming portions of the Library’s collections, as international children’s literature collections hosted

64 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 by the Institut für Jugendbuchforschung, Johann tives for data acquisition, training, and consulting Wolfgang Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, services. At the end of fiscal 2004, the Library re- Germany.Participants represented children’s book ceived funding from Congress to support software centers, libraries, museums, and private collections and database requirements of the CCP.CCP sta∑ in Austria, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, and members consulted and shared knowledge with the United States. Discussions centered on in- commercial geographic information systems com- creased information exchange. The chief partici- panies and other government agencies through pated in initial planning for a follow-up meeting to conferences and visits to other facilities. be held in the United States. In fiscal 2004, a total of 8,050 map catalog records were created, and approximately 42,320 map sheets Geography and Map Division. As a major center for were placed under bibliographic control. The map scholarly research relating to cartography and ge- arrearage decreased to 33,848, a reduction of 1,099 ography, the Geography and Map (G&M) Divi- map sheets.The G&M digital team conducted nu- sion has custody of the largest and most compre- merous tours of its activities for 600 people and hensive cartographic collection in the world, as well completed an inventory of the “1800 Atlantic Nep- as online map collections representing the small tune” (Revolutionary War period) maps. fraction of the collections that have been converted Under G&M’s Collection Rehousing Project, to digital form. 80,008 maps were reviewed and rehoused in 70,126 Housed in the G&M Division is the Congres- new folders. sional Cartography Program (CCP), a service- During the year, the G&M Division discontin- oriented mapping program for Congress. The ued the use of minimal-level cataloging and adop- long-range mission of the program is to meet con- ted the Program for Cooperative Cataloging core- gressional needs for geocartographic analysis, using level cataloging standard, resulting in much richer geographic information systems. The CCP per- catalog records that can be shared by other map- forms data acquisition, data integration, and de- cataloging agencies. The G&M digital team re- velopment of cartographic design standards to searched and recommended purchase of a new fulfill this mission. Phase 1 of the CCP includes large-format scanner, the Jumbo Scan, and cre- database development, multiuse map template de- ated a specialized catalog for use in scanning ma- velopment, and strategic planning; it will continue terials not in the division or of an individual plate into fiscal 2005. In fiscal 2004, the CCP started for an atlas. A pilot project was begun to develop Phase 1 while responding to ad hoc mapping re- a system to provide online access to set map (series quests from Congress. The program through the map) holding data for nearly 2 million sheets in year responded to twenty-five individual requests the division.The G&M Division actively engaged from members (36 percent) and committees (36 in discussions with the National Geospatial and percent) of Congress, their sta∑ members, and the Intelligence Agency (formerly the National Intel- Congressional Research Service (28 percent). In ligence Mapping Agency) and the Foreign Map the process, CCP prepared seventy-three maps. Procurement Program of the State Department Among those were items that were displayed in regarding cooperation in map cataloging. The di- hearings conducted by the Foreign Relations Com- vision is working with the African/Asian Acqui- mittees, among others. sitions and Overseas Operations Division to make Also during fiscal 2004, CCP was awarded fund- overseas cartographic records compatible with ing from the Library’s O≈ce of Strategic Initia- G&M cataloging policies and procedures.

library services 65 Manuscript Division. The division’s holdings— more than 58 million items in 11,000 separate collections—include some of the greatest manuscript treasures of American history and culture and support scholarly research in many aspects of political, cultural, and scientific history.The division saw increased tra≈c this fiscal year. The Reading Room reported 9,597 visitors, a 13 percent increase over last year, caused in part by the opening of the Harry A. Blackmun Papers. The Reference and Reader Services Section reported increased reader visits every month but August. Total reference transactions increased to 56,350, 7 percent above fiscal 2003. The Preparation Section processed 964,045 items from the arrearage, a 33 percent increase over fiscal 2003. Sixteen new collections and thir- The Manuscript Division constructed an internal Web site teen additions to collections in the division’s to help researchers gain quick access to selected items from holdings were processed.The section’s catalogers Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun’s papers. created 36 full-level and 33 minimal-level new records for the Library’s online catalog, updated ¶ Addenda to Thomas Je∑erson Papers—final dig- 68 records to conform with current cataloging ital releases practices for special-format materials, and completed 170 name authority records. Twelve new ¶ James Madison Papers—image linking completed finding aids were created, and seventy-three finding ¶ National Woman’s Party Photographs—450 aids were mounted online using the Encoded photos selected for scanning Archival Description document type definition, which also attracted more readers by making the ¶ Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Play- finding aids more easily searchable. Notable col- scripts from the Readers’ Collection in the Manu- lections processed included the papers of Zbig- script Division—approximately 330 plays (about niew Brzezinski, Anthony Lake, Patsy Mink, 16,500 images) selected for scanning Daniel Patrick Moynihan, and Donald Rumsfeld. Digital projects included the following: ¶ Tilton C. Reynolds Papers: A Civil War Soldier in the Wild Cat Regiment ¶ Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers—third ¶ Addenda to the George Washington Papers and final update Division sta∑ members curated the exhibitions ¶ Frederick Douglass Papers—second update Dream of Flight, Churchill and the Great Republic, and ¶ Freedom’s Fortress: The Library of Congress, “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. Board at Fifty. The 1939–1953 (scheduled for fiscal 2005 release) division accessioned 805,378 items, including 30 microfilm collections and 108 collections of orig- ¶ Zora Neale Hurston’s Plays inal material.

66 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Di- to the Motion Picture and Television Reading vision. MBRS provides access and information Room in the final quarter of fiscal 2004. services for the motion picture and television col- The MBRS Motion Picture Conservation Cen- lections, as well as the Library’s audio collections. ter in Dayton, Ohio, installed a film scanner, a set Significant audio collections cataloged from the of digital correction tools, and a film recorder sys- arrearage included Pacific theater broadcasts of tem designed especially for digitizing the Library’s the World War II O≈ce of War Information, pri- Paper Print collection. Those steps were the Li- marily in Chinese; classic radio programs broad- brary’s first foray into digital film preservation for cast by WOR, New York City; hundreds of vinyl motion pictures. The conservation center con- copies of Columbia 78 rpm discs; three years of verted 1,499 reels (1,481,258 feet) of nitrate motion recordings from the Marlboro Chamber Music picture film to new safety stock. More than 100 Festival; Leopold Stokowski and others conduct- films preserved by the center were loaned to film ing the NBC Symphony; several collections on archives and film festivals worldwide.The Motion lacquer discs; the Jerry Valburn Collection of unis- Picture Conservation Center hosted the first class sued “live” Duke Ellington recordings; miscella- of New York University’s master’s degree program neous National Public Radio (NPR) arts pro- in moving image archiving and preservation. grams of the 1970s; completion of the Newport The Recording Laboratory in Washington, Jazz Festival collection from Voice of America D.C., completed its transition to digital audio tapes; and the Greenough Collection of unpub- preservation and acquired a high-resolution dig- lished classical performances recorded in Boston. ital multitrack recorder. The Recording Labora- The division released Show Music on Record, a tory’s preservation production included creation new Web site comprising a comprehensive discog- of 5,638 digital sound files, forty concerts for the raphy of musical theater and film recordings. Music Division recorded on both audio and MBRS continued to administer activities of the video formats, and eight Veterans History Project National Film and Recording Preservation Boards, interviews. select titles for the National Film Registry, acquire archival-quality material for registry titles, imple- Music Division. The broad and diverse collections ment portions of the national film preservation of the Music Division were highlighted by the ini- plan, maintain the National Film Preservation tial release of the I Hear America Singing Web Board and National Recording Preservation Board site. The site includes the oral autobiography of Web sites, and serve as a liaison with their charita- jazz artist Gerry Mulligan, more than 9,000 items ble a≈liates, the National Film Preservation Foun- of historic sheet music, and historic music from dation and National Recording Preservation Foun- nineteenth-century Ohio. Four other releases fol- dation. (See also Appendix C: Advisory Bodies.) lowed on the site: A Patchwork Quilt: Dolly Par- MBRS collaborated with the Council on Library ton and the Roots of Country Music (April),The and Information Resources to begin a congres- Transit of Venus March (May), an update to the sionally mandated study on the state of audio Gerry Mulligan Collection ( July), and Civil War preservation in the United States. Sheet Music (September).Thirty-five finding aids The Moving Image Section had an increase of were made available through the Music Division’s more than 10 percent in requests from Senate and Web site. House o≈ces for copies of floor proceedings video- Significant progress continued on the Music Di- tapes and a 20 percent increase of in-person visits vision’s special collections processing, with a total

library services 67 of 301,142 arrearage items cleared, including the re- 1,902 color digital images for all the rare, triple- maining 116,538 arrearage items from the Isaac frame glass plate negatives that were made by Berlin Collection and 112,313 items from the Theo- Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii of the Rus- dore Presser Collection.With funding to store col- sian Empire, circa 1905–1915, and that were ac- lections at the Iron Mountain Company’s facility in quired by the Library in 1948. Boyers, Pennsylvania, which will ease critical space The division also converted 13,000 local card cat- problems, the division identified, rehoused, and pre- alog entries into online records and added 30,000 pared to transport more than thirty di∑erent col- scans to PPOC, as well as thousands of newly dig- lections in 3,279 boxes. Construction began on the itized photographs from the Matthew Brady– processing area vault, mandated in the division’s ini- Levin Handy Studio and U.S. News & World Report tial risk assessment several years ago. archives. Reference specialists assisted visiting researchers with 21,825 collection-related questions Prints and Photographs Division. The collections in and answered 5,588 telephone queries, 548 letters, this division, though international in scope, are and 4,116 e-mail requests. The Technical Services particularly rich in materials produced in, or doc- Section processed and cataloged 92,000 items and umenting the history of, the United States and the published Cataloging & Digitizing Toolbox.The divi- lives, interests, and achievements of the American sion also collaborated with the Publishing O≈ce people. In fiscal 2004, digital activities were fully in- on the publication titled Bound for Glory: America in tegrated into the division’s daily work.The number Color, 1939–1943. of users accessing the Prints and Photographs Online The Prints and Photographs Division made a Catalog (PPOC) was 882,040, with 98 percent of special e∑ort to expand online information, par- users conducting picture searches—a total of ticularly for posters and British cartoon prints.The 4,965,238 picture searches. An average of 80,093 division reorganized its reading room Web page to items was scanned annually, and an average of make the Trying to Find a Picture? category the 188,201 digital files was added to PPOC.Additions most visually prominent feature. Other initiatives to PPOC collections include 11,000 records and were the introduction of the What’s New in the images to the George Grantham Bain News Serv- Prints and Photographs Division page and the ad- ice Collection; about 7,500 digital images from neg- dition of a new Webcasts page. The division also atives produced by the American Colony Photo reorganized information about pictorial reproduc- Department in Jerusalem and its successor, the tion services and, by o∑ering Web-based forms, Matson Photo Service; and 5,100 photographs eased the process of registering for reading room from the National Child Labor Committee Col- tours and arranging to see unprocessed collections. lection, taken primarily by Lewis Hine. The division implemented several new scanning New online reference aids and resource infor- applications, such as preservation reformatting and mation include the illustrated lists titled Images of flatbed scanners. Christopher Columbus,Bungalows in the Historic Amer- ican Buildings Survey,and Cape Cod Houses Recorded Rare Book and Special Collections Division. The unique by the Historic American Buildings Survey; Esther Bub- materials of the Rare Book and Special Collections ley (subject overview discussing Bubley’s back- Division o∑er scholarly documentation about West- ground and career as a photojournalist); and Visual ern and American traditions of life and learning. In Materials from the Papers of Clare Booth Luce (collec- fiscal 2004, the division paid particular attention to tion profile).The division created a complete set of clearing the cataloging arrearage. The Rare Book

68 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Team of the Special Materials Cataloging Division film by copyright deposit increased 19 percent to removed nearly 10,000 titles from the backlog. 6,877 reels, representing a cost savings of approxi- The division revised the presentation of digi- mately $83,000 in fiscal 2004. The Library’s major tized materials on its Web site, launched the digi- commercial microfilm supplier charges an average tized Lewis Carroll scrapbook, and fully digitized of $75 per reel. the Hans P. Kraus Collection of materials about The scholarly bibliography Eighteenth Century Sir Francis Drake. Collections that were previously American Newspapers in the Library of Congress and stored in the Adams Building were returned to re- the American Memory collection Newspaper Pictori- furbished vault space on Deck 37; all division ma- als: World War I Rotogravures were added to the Li- terials are now housed in the Je∑erson Building brary’s Web site. The division completed the scan- for the first time in nearly a decade. Security re- ning of National Intelligencer, covering the Je∑erson porting devices in the vault areas were revamped administration, 1801–1809. It also provided curator- and wired for individual door controls through- ial expertise to the National Digital Newspaper Pro- out. Preparations for the receipt of the Jay I. Kislak gram, a collaborative, multiyear initiative between Collection were completed in the vault. the Library and the National Endowment for the Humanities. The division created a digital news- Serial and Government Publications Division. This di- paper reference shelf.It continued working with the vision is exceptionally strong in U.S. newspapers Preservation Directorate to conserve the comic book and houses the largest collection of overseas news- collection through mass deacidification,cooperating papers in the world, as well as extensive collec- with the Center for Research Libraries to microfilm tions of current periodicals, comic books, and gov- foreign newspapers, and working with the Univer- ernment publications. In fiscal 2004, the division sity of Texas at Austin to film nineteenth-century made a sustained e∑ort to eliminate arrearages by Mexican newspapers. Construction of the Serial December 31, 2004, so it could better serve the and Government Publications Secure Storage Fa- scholarly community. The arrearage has already cility began in June and was essentially completed by been reduced by 99 percent since the arrearage re- the end of fiscal 2004. Sta∑ members applied 1,633 duction program began in 1989. To this end, the theft detection tags to high-risk materials served in division collaborated with other divisions and con- the Newspaper and Current Periodical Room. tractors to process materials for binding, to alert The Serial and Government Publications Divi- colleagues in the Acquisitions and Bibliographic sion concluded a cooperative agreement with Pro- Access Directorate about titles in need of cata- quest, under which the Library will loan ninety loging, to update the Library’s online catalog with bound volumes of the Chicago Tribune (1863–1890) accurate holdings information, to deacidify mate- for microfilming. The division assumed responsi- rials, and to create digital collections. Conse- bility for the accuracy of its holdings in the Library’s quently, serial and government publications are catalog this year. It also began a joint project with more accessible to the public. the New Delhi Field O≈ce and the Preservation In the Newspaper and Current Periodical Room, Reformatting Division to expedite filming of Afri- 7 percent more items (128,403) were served to read- can newspapers. ers than in fiscal 2003. Items in greater demand included newspaper microfilm reels (up 8 percent) Significant Acquisitions in Special Collections and Services. and comic books (more than double the requests of The Children’s Literature Center acquired two rare fiscal 2003). The acquisition of newspaper micro- children’s books: ABCs of Great Negroes by Charles C.

library services 69 Dawson (Chicago: Dawson Publishers, 1933) and collections of Alex North, Jonathan Larson, and The Alphabet annotated for Youth and Adults . . . (Lon- David Diamond. The division also purchased an don: Ackermann & Co., 1853). edition of Boethius’s De Musica, edited by Glarean In the Geography and Map Division, the most (Basel, 1546). important acquisitions were the 1516 Carta Marina The Prints and Photographs Division obtained map by Martin Waldseemüller and three rare 59,065 items, including 39,338 photographs. globe gores by Johan Schoner, all part of the Jay I. Among the most significant were twenty original Kislak Collection. A three-dimensional model of drawings for ten comic strip episodes donated by the northern metropolitan area of Los Angeles, syndicated humor cartoonist Alison Bechdel; orig- prepared by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the inal, full-page drawings donated by Will Eisner; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 12,000 black-and-white and color images donated and the Alexander Papamarkou collection of maps by Newsweek photojournalist Bernard Gotfry; of the Middle East also enhanced the collections. twenty-seven limited edition Latvian posters; 164 The Manuscript Division obtained the papers of photographs by Bettye Lane; 506 photochroms Herblock (political cartoonist); Leon H. Sullivan (color lithographs made from photographs) pub- (civil rights leader, entrepreneur, and minister); lished 1898–1905 by the Detroit Publishing Com- Maxine Singer (Carnegie Institution president and pany; and 99 black-and-white photographs (1998– biochemist); John H. Gibbons (scientist, environ- 2001) donated by David L. Parker. mentalist, and assistant to the U.S. president for The Rare Book and Special Collections Division science and technology); and Alvin Poussaint (psy- obtained Giraldi’s De annis et mensibus (1541); De chiatrist, educator, and author). The division ne- vita et rebus gestis Martini Lutheri, et aliorum Pseudo- gotiated a donor agreement with the Association apostolorum haereseos (1581); Memoire Instructif sur la for Diplomatic Studies and Training, a private Maniere de rassembler, de preparer, de conserver, et d’en- nonprofit organization, for its Frontline Diplomacy voyer les diverses Curiosités d’Histoire naturelle (1758); an collection. The organization will donate its oral eighteen-volume set of Griselini’s landmark of the history archives, in electronic form, to the Library Italian Enlightenment, Dizionario delle Arti e de’- of Congress to be placed online. Mestieri (1768–1778); and an 1815 American printing Nitrate film acquisitions by the Motion Picture, of the Hebrew Bible. Through the generosity of Broadcasting,and Recorded Sound Division,housed Gerald and Gene Jones, forty-five additional titles in the Motion Picture Conservation Center in were acquired in the project to reconstruct Thomas Dayton, Ohio, included For the Soul of Rafael (1920), Je∑erson’s personal library. Fulton’s Report on the When Dawn Came (1920), H. Grindell-Matthews’ Proposed Canal between the Rivers Heyl and Helford Death Ray (ca. 1925), Comrades (1913), Veiled Ar isto- (1796) was acquired as part of Lady Sainsbury’s crats (1932), The Black Hand (1917), Bread Cast upon gift for the purchase of significant books in the the Waters (1912), and The Struggle (1931). Other ma- history of science. jor acquisitions included home movies of Robbins The Serial and Government Publications Divi- Barstow (1936–1990), 35mm prints from DuArt sion gained significant rare newspapers: Middlesex Labs, and new 35mm prints of films named to the Gazette (Middletown, Connecticut); South Carolina National Film Registry. and American General Gazette (Charleston, South Significant acquisitions in the Music Division Carolina), issues from 1777 and 1781 reporting on included the purchase of the Tony Walton and the Revolutionary War; Bowen’s Virginia Centinel Oscar Hammerstein collections, as well as gifts of and Gazette; Or, the Winchester Repository (Win-

70 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 chester, Virginia), August 17, 1795; and The Liber- through select and appropriate commercial and ator (Boston, Massachusetts), September 26, 1862. professional activities, further supporting and fi- It also acquired early issues of the comic book nancing the Library’s mission and programs. Spider-Man. Business Enterprises has three goals: ¶ To increase outreach by aligning the Library’s Partnerships and Outreach products and services with its collections, pro- Programs Directorate grams, exhibitions, and events The Partnerships and Outreach Programs Di- ¶ To increase access to and awareness of the col- rectorate was established during the Library Serv- lections through complementary commercial and ices realignment in July to heighten the connec- professional activity tion between outreach programs and the Library’s ¶ To generate additional revenues that can be in- collections and other core mission activities. The vested in the Library’s core mission activities directorate provides programs and services to specific audiences or customers—such as federal li- In 2004, Business Enterprises partnered with braries and visually or physically impaired read- the O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives, the Photodupli- ers—through the Federal Library and Information cation Service, and the Retail Sales Shop to de- Center Committee and the National Library Serv- velop a new electronic commerce sales site for the ice for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. In Library’s Internet visitors. In integrating and up- addition to those directorate functions, Partner- grading two previously separate sites, the Library ships and Outreach includes the following cen- made access easier for its customers and reduced ters and o≈ces that add interpretive and educa- internal costs. The new sales Web site focused on tional value to the resources of the Library,thereby branding the Library and the activities that fulfill enhancing the quality of the creative works and its mission. In taking this new direction, Business highlighting the importance of the Library’s con- Enterprises partnered with the O≈ce of the Chief tributions to the nation’s well-being and future of Sta∑, the Interpretive Programs O≈ce, and the progress: Center for the Book, Interpretive Pro- Veterans History Project to complement the out- grams O≈ce, O≈ce of Scholarly Programs, Pub- reach activities of the National Book Festival, the lishing O≈ce, Retail Marketing O≈ce, Veterans From Haven to Home exhibition, and the veterans’ History Project, and Visitor Services O≈ce. The oral histories project. Initial steps were taken to directorate also oversees the Business Enterprises develop a long-term marketing strategy that in- program. corporates market research and planning, search engine marketing, linking programs, and e-mail Business Enterprises. The Business Enterprises ini- outreach. Work also began on a pricing strategy tiative in Library Services was established in 2004 and inventory management analysis by examin- to develop and enhance the Library’s fee-based ing opportunities to increase revenues, to expand services to the public.The scope of the initiative is the Library’s product line, and to define its mar- to establish an appropriate business strategy and kets and customers. operational framework both that is sensitive to the Work continued on making images from the col- Library’s responsibilities to Congress and the Amer- lections readily available for online purchase. In ican people and that will allow the Library to use its developing this new product line, Business Enter- vast collections and resources to expand outreach prises worked with the Prints and Photographs

library services 71 Division, the Information Technology Services’ the center’s projects and programs were supported Digital Scan Center, and various printing and by contributions from individuals, corporations, framing vendors to develop consistency in areas and foundations.Additional funding came through such as selection, digital copies, scanning, meta- interagency transfers from other government agen- data, copyright, and content management. cies. In fiscal 2004, the Center for the Book received Business Enterprises partnered with the Library’s more than $500,000 for projects and general sup- Cataloging Distribution Service to implement a port from outside the Library.The Library of Con- merchandising pilot at the American Library As- gress supported the center’s full-time sta∑ positions. sociation’s Annual Conference in June. The pilot Highlights of the year included a center-led involved prize raΩes and handouts that resulted in study tour to South Africa, May 25–June 4; record- the collection of 2,200 e-mail addresses and the sale breaking participation in “Letters about Literature,” of all of the Retail Sales Shop’s products available at the Center’s principal reading and writing promotion the event. program; the first “Reading Powers the Mind” fam- In fiscal 2004, Business Enterprises provided ily literacy workshop, held at the Library of Con- work assignments for two of the Library’s Leader- gress, July 22–23; and the major contributions by ship Development Fellows. The fellows produced the center to the success of the 2003 National Book two reports, Developing an E-Commerce Model for the Festival, particularly in engaging authors’ participa- Library of Congress and Retail Workflows in the Je∑er- tion and in organizing the Pavilion of the States. son Shop and Photoduplication Service. Business En- The center also organized a public memorial service terprises also hosted a Madison Council Summer for former Librarian of Congress Daniel J.Boorstin, College intern. the center’s founder, who died in February.

Center for the Book. With its network of a≈liated The Center for the Book held a memorial for its founder, for- centers in all ﬁfty states and the District of Co- mer Librarian of Congress Daniel J. Boorstin (1914–2004). lumbia, and of more than eighty organizations serving as national reading promotion partners, the Center for the Book remained one of the Li- brary’s most dynamic and visible educational outreach programs. Each center continued to develop and fund its own operations using the Center for the Book’s themes, as appropriate. Three-year renewals were approved this year for the centers in Alabama, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Nevada, Vermont, and West Virginia. Since 1977,the Center for the Book has used the prestige and resources of the Library of Congress to stimulate public interest in books, reading, libraries, and literacy and to encourage the study of books and the printed word. In ﬁscal 2004, the center continued to be a successful public–private partnership. As authorized by Public Law 95–129,

72 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 The Center for the Book develops national read- tional partners, including Africa Access,American ing promotion themes and campaigns to stimulate Library Association, Friends of Libraries U.S.A., interest in and support for reading and literacy proj- International Reading Association,In2Books,Heart ects for all age groups. The center’s current reading of America Foundation, and Junior League of promotion theme, Telling America’s Stories, co- Washington, D.C. sponsored with the American Folklife Center, was “Reading Powers the Mind” was established as extended through 2004, with First Lady Laura the Center for the Book’s new family literacy pro- Bush continuing to serve as the honorary chair. Pre- gram,with $409,000 in funding from the Viburnum vious themes still used by the center and its partners Foundation announced in December.“Reading Pow- include Books Make a Di∑erence and the twenty- ers the Mind” was inaugurated at a workshop at the three-year-old Read More About It! campaign.The Library of Congress that was on July 22–23 and that Digital Reference Team updated the center’s many highlighted pilot demonstration projects in twelve Read More About It! bibliographies for use in the states. Senator Je∑ Bingaman of New Mexico was individual American Memory collections. the keynote speaker. On November 14, Librarian of Congress Dr. From May 25 through June 4, the Center for the James H. Billington, Representative Robert W. Book led South Africa: A Journey to Promote Ney (R-Ohio), and the director of the Center for Reading and Literacy,a study tour that focused on the Book were among the speakers at the Cleve- current reading and literacy promotion e∑orts in land Public Library, Cleveland, Ohio. As part of South Africa’s schools, libraries, and educational the Library of Congress Comes to Your Home institutions. The South African Centre for the Town initiative, the event marked the move of Book, a unit of the National Library of South headquarters for the Ohio Center for the Book Africa, helped organize the visit in cooperation from the State Library in Columbus to the Cleve- with Alterra Globe Initiatives, which is an organi- land Public Library. zation that specializes in educational and profes- “Letters about Literature,”a student essay contest sional exchanges between South Africa and the sponsored in association with the Weekly Reader United States.Twenty-two teachers, librarians, and Corporation, concluded another record-breaking reading promoters participated in the study tour, year in number of entries and involvement by a≈li- which was co-led by the Center for the Book’s di- ated state centers. More than 40,000 students rector, John Cole, and Judith R. Casey,an educator wrote letters to their favorite authors, and forty- and member of the board of the Colorado Center one state centers and the District of Columbia for the Book. honored statewide winners. In December, the center announced that Target Stores had become the Federal Library and Information Center Committee. ﬁrst national retail sponsor of “Letters about Lit- During ﬁscal 2004, the Federal Library and Infor- erature,”with a contribution of $85,000 to support mation Center Committee (FLICC) continued its the 2004 program. mission “to foster excellence in federal library and On March 30, 2004, representatives from most information services through interagency cooper- of the center’s eighty reading promotion partner ation and to provide guidance and direction for organizations gathered at the Library to describe FEDLINK.” their activities and to learn about other reading Held March 25–26, FLICC’s annual information and literacy programs. During the year, the center policy forum,“E-Competencies for E-Government: cosponsored projects with many of its organiza- Changing Role of the Federal Information Profes-

library services 73 sional,” focused on the major information issues counsels and agency librarians. This fiscal year’s ushered in with the E-Government Act and iden- series of meetings featured copyright and fair use tified the competencies needed to address devel- issues, as well as rights management for access to oping trends in electronic content. The keynote research results funded by federal grants. speaker for the event was Janice R. Lachance, exec- In the absence of an updated census of federal li- utive director of the Special Libraries Association braries and information centers by the National and former director of the U.S. O≈ce of Personnel Center for Educational Statistics,FLICC once again Management.The forum included a morning panel endorsed membership participation in the annual discussion on the e-competencies needed by federal Outsell survey of information providers in industry, information professionals and an afternoon pres- academia,and the public sector,including nearly 300 entation on content rights management for elec- federal librarians.According to Outsell Inc.,the sur- tronic government. vey showed that federal library government budgets The FLICC Awards Working Group selected are significantly lower in 2004 and that sta≈ng lev- the National Institute of Standards and Technol- els have declined for the second year in a row. ogy Research Library, Gaithersburg, Maryland, as FLICC sta∑ members recorded five outstanding the 2003 Federal Library/Information Center of educational programs and provided those videos the Year in the Large Library/Information Center by interlibrary loan through the National Library of category. The winner in the Small Library/Infor- Education. FLICC sta∑ members also recorded mation Center category was the Library Services their quarterly membership meetings and distrib- Department at the Naval Medical Center, Ports- uted copies in DVD (digital versatile disk) format mouth,Virginia.The 2003 Federal Librarian of the for members who were unable to attend. FLICC Year was Lillian Woon Gassie, senior systems li- sponsored innovative educational initiatives, in- brarian, who was recognized for her work at the cluding workshops and seminars on Library of Dudley Knox Library,Naval Postgraduate School, Congress subject headings, integration of resource Monterey, California. The 2003 Federal Library and cartographic cataloging, virtual reference, and Technician of the Year was Wilma Riley, library information retrieval and searching. Sta∑ members technician at the National Institute of Standards sponsored thirty-eight seminars and workshops for and Technology Research Library. 1,557 participants and conducted thirty-nine Other FLICC working groups (1) assisted the OCLC, Internet, and related training classes for 551 new Department of Homeland Security in pro- students. viding information services for its sta∑ of 180,000 To meet the requirements of the Fiscal Opera- from multiple agencies and in hiring a new library tions Improvement Act of 2000 (PL 106–481), services director for the agency; (2) implemented a which created new statutory authority for FED- leadership and management education series for LINK’s fee-based activities, FEDLINK’s governing current and potential federal library managers; and bodies and sta∑ members developed a five-year (3) addressed issues on cataloging, taxonomy, dig- business plan in fiscal 2002. In fiscal 2004, FED- ital project management, preservation and binding, LINK managers and professional sta∑ members virtual reference, and other information science executed the third year of the business plan under policy issues. the Revolving Fund.They improved processes, in- Collaborating with the Library’s O≈ce of the creased marketing of the program to federal li- General Counsel, FLICC sponsored the sixth an- braries and their partner contracting o≈cers, and nual series of meetings among federal agency legal expanded the number and types of services that li-

74 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 braries and information centers can procure archival materials, photographs, and other flat ma- through the FEDLINK program. They also con- terials. Furthermore, FEDLINK tailored consul- tinued work to ameliorate the e∑ects on federal li- tation on how best to preserve materials in federal braries of the bankruptcy of a major serials sub- collections. A number of national conferences scription agent, Faxon/RoweCom, by working highlighted FEDLINK programs, including the with the Library of Congress’s general counsel and Special Libraries Association and the Medical Li- the U.S. Department of Justice on the bankruptcy brary Association meetings. proceedings claim made by the U.S. government As FLICC’s cooperative network, FEDLINK on behalf of the FEDLINK program.At the close continued to enhance its fiscal operations while of fiscal 2004, FEDLINK had agreed with the providing its members with $60.7 million in trans- Library of Congress and U.S. Department of Jus- fer pay services, $7.7 million in direct pay services, tice’s counsel to submit a joint settlement agree- and an estimated $26.1 million in the new Direct ment, in cooperation with the debtor, to the U.S. Express services, thereby saving federal agencies Bankruptcy Court, rather than pursuing further more than $11 million in vendor volume discounts litigation. After the U.S. Bankruptcy Court ap- and approximately $8.9 million more in cost avoid- proves the settlement agreement, FEDLINK will ance. Database retrieval services—available only reimburse libraries for their losses as established through the transfer pay and Direct Express op- under the settlement. The debtor will then pay tions—represented $25.2 million and $26.1 million, the FEDLINK program with whatever proceeds respectively. Within this service category, online from the estate accrue to the Library of Congress services made up the largest procurement for trans- as an unsecured creditor. fer pay and Direct Express customers, representing FEDLINK also continued to customize and $23.9 million and $25.0 million, respectively.Publi- configure software and support services for elec- cation acquisition services, available only through tronic invoicing and to increase online access to the transfer pay and standard direct pay options, financial information for member agencies and represented $27.5 million and $7.7 million, respec- for vendors. FEDLINK continued to provide tively.Within this service category,serials subscrip- federal agencies with cost-e∑ective access to an ar- tion services composed the largest procurement for ray of automated information retrieval services transfer pay and direct pay customers, representing for online research, cataloging, and interlibrary $19.9 million and $7.5 million, respectively. Library loan. FEDLINK members also procured print support and other miscellaneous services, available serials, electronic journals, books and other pub- only through the transfer pay option, represented lications, and CD-ROMs, as well as document $8.0 million. Within this service category, biblio- delivery through FEDLINK contracts with more graphic utilities constituted the largest procure- than 100 major vendors. The program obtained ment area, representing $5.3 million. further discounts for customers through consor- During fiscal 2004, FEDLINK revenue from tia and enterprisewide licenses for journals, ag- signed interagency agreements was approximately gregated information retrieval services, and elec- 4.7 percent above fiscal 2003 levels but 1.7 percent tronic books. FEDLINK awarded a new contract less ($81,900) than budgeted. The budget di∑er- for interlibrary loan fee payment. FEDLINK also ence in program fee revenue is attributed to a slow initiated the whole new area of preservation serv- start-up in the Direct Express program during the ices with thirteen companies to provide micro- pilot phase. The program fee revenue exceeded film, duplication, and conservation of books, fiscal 2004 expenditure obligations by $83,300,

library services 75 which is higher than the $23,700 anticipated sur- the Swann Collection of Caricature and Cartoon; plus in the budget for the fiscal year. Program ex- the Herblock collection, a gift to the Library of penditure obligations (net of training reimburse- original drawings by the noted editorial cartoonist; ments) are expected to be approximately $283,600 and collections from the Center for Architecture, less than the budget because of unexpected or un- Design, and Engineering, which contains the work planned attrition and because of reassignment of of many noted figures in those fields. At three senior sta∑ members. times the size of the old space, the new gallery will The 2004 FEDLINK training program included o∑er exciting new opportunities for exhibitions 26 on-site training classes for 367 students and 13 drawn from the major collections of the Prints and o∑-site programs for 184 participants. FEDLINK Photographs Division. facilitated training by Library of Congress’s cata- The exhibition Canadian Counterpoint: Illustrations loging experts for Army libraries in Europe and by Anita Kunz, which opened in fiscal 2003 and taught Online Computer Library Center Inc. closed on January 3, 2004, was the last exhibition to workshops to Army and Air Force library sta∑ be presented in the existing Swann Gallery. members in Germany and Japan. FEDLINK also In fiscal 2004, the Library’s continuing exhibition promoted its training agreements with other titled American Treasures of the Library of Congress was OCLC networks so FEDLINK customers could seen by more the 187,000 in-person visitors. The fund training accounts for workshops held by re- online version of the exhibition logged more than gional networks. 3.5 million hits during the year, making it one of the most popular online o∑erings. IPO made three Interpretive Programs O≈ce. In fiscal 2004, the Inter- changes to the American Treasures exhibition. A pretive Programs O≈ce (IPO) presented six new significant addition was the display of the striking major exhibitions in the Library’s Thomas Je∑erson life-size facsimile of the 1507 Martin Waldsee- Building spaces. (See also Appendix H: Exhibitions müller map in the pavilion gallery. An enlarged and Appendix I: Online Collections, Exhibitions, display, featuring contextual materials from the and Cooperative Digital Projects.) Several of Age of Exploration, will accompany the display of those exhibitions commemorated historic events, the original map in fiscal 2005. such as the fiftieth anniversary of the Supreme IPO rotated 110 items into the permanent exhi- Court’s decision in the Brown v. Board of Education bition of the Bob Hope Gallery of American En- case and the 350th anniversary of Jewish settle- tertainment.The special tribute to Bob Hope, who ment in America. died on July 27, 2003, remained on display in fiscal During the year,IPO began planning and design- 2004 to commemorate his major contributions to ing a new space for the Swann Gallery for Caricature American entertainment. and Cartoon. The existing Swann Gallery will be IPO also mounted seventeen displays for special displaced by the tunnel being built to connect the events and arranged for the travel of two exhibitions Je∑erson Building to the new Capitol Visitor Cen- to other venues in the United States, while prepar- ter.The new space will consist of two exhibition ar- ing for four other exhibitions to travel in fiscal 2005. eas: a permanent one in which information will be Requests for the loan of 285 Library of Congress presented through text, facsimiles of artifacts, and items were received from forty-three institutions, graphics and a changing display space for exhibi- including six loans to foreign countries, as part of tions of original objects with particular themes. the Library’s dynamic ongoing loan program ad- The featured collections will include three areas: ministered by IPO.

76 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Representative John Lewis (D-Ga.) greets Christine Donohoo, AARP’s chief communications o≈cer, as Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and Chief of Sta∑Jo Ann Jenkins look on. AARP was a major funder of the Brown v. Board of Education exhibition.

Educational outreach and programming for visi- 2004 to help family groups tour and understand tors of all ages were a central focus of IPO during the Library,its history,its historical Thomas Je∑er- the year. The Library’s Educators Institutes were son Building, and its exhibitions that are on view designed to provide educators from around the both in Washington and online. The guide en- country with strategies for incorporating the Li- courages visitors to use the Library’s other online brary’s exhibitions into their classrooms.As part of resources. the Learning Page, developed by the Library’s O≈ce IPO also developed Discovery Cards and Dis- of Strategic Initiatives, the institutes bring together covery Labels to complement the Library’s exhibi- educators from across the country to study and use tions. Discovery Cards list special activities or the Library’s primary and Web-based materials in questions aimed at making the exhibitions more their school districts, schools, and classrooms. In interesting and relevant to children. Discovery this first year, the Library of Congress Educators In- Cards were developed for most major exhibitions stitutes reached more than 250 teachers, curriculum and were made available in each exhibition gallery, directors, and college professors. as well as in a packet at the end of the Family Guide. Developed by IPO in fiscal 2003, the Library of Four Discovery Card sets were produced during Congress Family Guide was made available in fiscal fiscal 2004. Discovery Labels spotlight items in

library services 77 President George W. Bush delivers an address at the Library of Congress on the occasion of the opening of the exhibition titled Churchill and the Great Republic. selected exhibitions that are of special interest to themes and content of an exhibition or on a children and families. They are designed to en- speciﬁc item in an exhibition. Since its opening in gage younger visitors by asking them to look for 1997, the American Treasures exhibition has fea- answers or to explore various aspects of an exhi- tured 234 “Treasure Talks.” bition. In addition to American Treasures, four major exhibitions (The Dream of Flight; Churchill and National Library Service for the Blind and Physically the Great Republic; “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. Handicapped. The National Library Service (NLS) Board at Fifty;and From Haven to Home: 350 Years of for the Blind and Physically Handicapped pro- Jewish Life in America) included Discovery Labels. vides talking books, playback equipment, and Through IPO’s “Treasure Talks” series, Library Braille materials for more than 800,000 blind and subject area experts share their knowledge with physically handicapped readers throughout the na- other sta∑ members and the public.The series in- tion. NLS conducts research programs to improve cludes talks within the American Treasures exhibi- library access media and equipment for those read- tion area, which draw widely on the curatorial ers. NLS also maintains a national network of sta∑ of the Library of Congress, and includes pre- ﬁfty-seven regional and eighty-one subregional co- sentations by the principal curator for special operating libraries that circulate materials to those changing exhibitions that focus either on the readers who are blind and physically handicapped.

78 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 During fiscal 2004, NLS entered the conver- May. Initially, the primary audience for this cam- sion phase of its plan to implement digitally based paign is senior adults and veterans. Fleishman- systems and services that will lead to introducing Hillard will coordinate all aspects of this new cam- digital talking-book media and playback machines paign; network libraries will be responsible only in 2008. for routine registration of new patrons. In December 2003, NLS issued its Strategic Busi- In 2001, NLS established a Digital Long-Term ness Plan for the Implementation of Digital Systems,a de- Planning Group made up of network librarians, tailed explanation of progress to date and outlook consumer representatives, and a representative from for the future in the transition to digital systems and the Chief O≈cers of State Library Agencies who, services in the national program.The Strategic Busi- along with appropriate NLS sta∑ members, would ness Plan presents a comprehensive assessment of contribute to planning for the deployment of digi- the present situation, options for the future, in- tal information technologies throughout the net- depth analysis that is based on real costs and ex- work in years to come.The group was formed to al- pected technological developments, and a clear pro- low NLS to work more closely with the network on jection of expected outcomes. Early in 2004, the digital talking-book planning and also to investigate plan was mailed to regional and subregional li- aspects of the digital world apart from talking-book braries in the NLS network and to members of the technologies.At its fifth meeting, September 22–24, Chief O≈cers of State Library Agencies in time for 2004, the group was expanded to include several the Midwinter Meeting of the American Library new members from the Chief O≈cers of State Li- Association. By the end of fiscal 2004, the director brary Agencies, in response to that organization’s and digital projects coordinator of NLS had visited increased interest in digital audio development at thirty-two regional libraries in the NLS network NLS. The group reviewed digital progress at NLS and o≈ces of state librarians. They briefed state and advised on issues related to the plans for the agency heads and regional librarians on the digital digital book medium, the transition from analog to transition plan to allay concerns and to respond to digital books and playback machines, the digital issues raised by state administrators. book distribution system, and the online delivery of As part of an overall national outreach plan for digital reading materials. Invited speakers advised NLS,the public relations firm of Fleishman-Hillard the group on the status of digital initiatives at the will publicize the progress of the digital talking- Mid-Illinois Talking Book Center; on Graphic Au- book program and other NLS initiatives through a dio, a new project from Potomac Talking Books for monthly newsletter and news releases to media delivering a multimedia reading experience; and on outlets. The firm is currently conducting market a recent report from the National Endowment for research, with plans to complete campaign devel- the Arts on the decline of reading in the United opment by the end of calendar year 2004. The States, Reading at Risk. campaign will kick o∑ in early 2005; country-and- In August, Web-Braille marked its fifth year. western singer Ronny Milsap will serve as the cam- This Internet-based service provides in an elec- paign spokesperson and will visit ten sites around tronic format thousands of Braille books, hundreds the country to promote the talking-book program. of Braille music scores, and all Braille magazines The national outreach project has a goal of at- produced by NLS. The service includes a growing tracting 70,000 new readers in 2005, as announced collection of titles transcribed locally for cooperat- at the National Conference of Librarians Serving ing network libraries.The Web-Braille site is pass- Blind and Physically Handicapped Individuals in word protected, and all files are in an electronic

library services 79 form of contracted Braille, thereby requiring the Both the Kissinger Lecture and the o≈cial award- use of special equipment to gain access. Web- ing of the Kluge Prize were cybercast and mounted Braille began with approximately 2,600 titles and on the Library’s Web site. only a few hundred registered users.At the end of O≈ce of Scholarly Programs sta∑ members fiscal 2004, the system o∑ered 6,628 titles from worked in a continuous cycle of fellowship sup- the national collection, 582 music scores, 29 NLS- port activities, providing support to resident fel- produced magazines, and 6 sports schedules. The lows under the Kluge, Rockefeller, Mellon, Luce, number of users was 3,554. and Library sta∑ programs. At the same time, the NLS refined and expanded its Voyager database o≈ce ensured that new competitions in those pro- in fiscal 2004. In May 2003, the NLS database grams were conducted successfully and publicized went online and was separate from the Library of adequately throughout the application process. Congress Online Catalog. The International Union Cat- This fiscal year,Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov alog was made available in the NLS Voyager data- was named the first holder of the Chair of Modern base and included more than 326,000 catalog Culture.The composer and educator Libby Larsen records by the end of fiscal 2004. held the Harissios Papamarkou Chair in Educa- tion. Mark A. Noll held the Cary and Ann Maguire O≈ce of Scholarly Programs and the John W. Kluge Chair in American History and Ethics. During the Center. The O≈ce of Scholarly Programs contin- year, Lamin Sanneh was named to the Chair of ued its oversight of the John W. Kluge Center, which o≈cially opened on May 7,2003.With gen- Polish philosopher and historian Leszek Kolakowski ac- erous support from John W.Kluge, the center was cepts the first John Kluge Prize for Lifetime Achievement in established in 2000 to bring together senior schol- the Human Sciences. ars and postdoctoral fellows who come to Wash- ington to use the unparalleled collections of the Library of Congress. (See also Appendix D: Kluge Center Scholars.) The inaugural Kluge Prize for Lifetime Achieve- ment in the Human Sciences was presented to Pol- ish philosopher and historian Leszek Kolakowski by the Librarian of Congress on November 5. The selection process for the $1 million prize involved wide consultation, nomination, and assessment. In preparation for the second award in fiscal 2005, a letter asking for new nominations was sent out to approximately 2,000 people in the spring of 2004. Sponsored by the Kluge Center, the third annual Henry A. Kissinger Lecture was delivered by former Secretary of State George P.Shultz (currently the Thomas W. and Susan B. Ford Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford Univer- sity) in the Library’s Coolidge Auditorium on Feb- ruary 11, 2004, on the subject “A Changed World.”

80 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Countries and Cultures of the South, succeeding its In spring 2004, the final round of selections first holder, Romila Thapar. Lanxin Xiang became was under way for the Andrew W. Mellon Li- the third Henry Alfred Kissinger Scholar in For- brary of Congress International Studies Fellows, eign Policy and International Relations.The center the International Studies Fellows for East and also hosted former Brazilian president Fernando Southeast Asia supported by the Luce Founda- Henrique Cardoso and his wife, Ruth Cardoso, tion, and the Rockefeller Humanities Fellows for both working on projects derived from eight years the study of Islam. Each of those foundation pro- in the presidential o≈ce. Robert Remini, the Kluge grams was established for a period of four years Center’s Distinguished Visiting Scholar of Ameri- and has now concluded. In fiscal 2004, the thirty- can History, continued work on a congressionally six holders of those fellowships conducted research mandated history of the House of Representatives. that showed the breadth of interest in Islam and The Kluge Center added an endowed David B. China. In the case of Islam, research spanned the Larson Fellowship in Health and Spirituality to the period from pre-Islamic Arabia and the continua- endowed Kluge Fellowships and two potential tion of culture into the Islamic period through Kislak Fellowships for study of the Mesoamerican poetry, funeral practices, and a companion of Mo- and Latin American materials in the Kislak Collec- hammed, to the exploration of the apocalyptic tion. The center also hosted the Kluge Sta∑ Fellow, imagination in Islam and the contemporary as- a Library employee who is named to spend a year us- pects of Islam in Africa and in Xinjiang. Concern- ing the Library’s collections to conduct personal re- ing China, Lanxin Xiang, the Kissinger Scholar search, two Fulbright Scholars, and fellows named for 2003–2004, participated in several events, in- through the U.S. State Department’s International cluding the cybercast conference “Why China Research Exchange program and the J. Franklin Needs Democracy,” while individual fellows fo- Jameson Fellowship in American History. cused on the eleventh-century Sino–Vietnamese Through a memorandum of understanding with border, western images of Canton, and suicide in Georgetown University,undergraduates in its highly twentieth-century China (Peter Carroll). selective John Carroll Program could choose to do research with the center’s fellows and scholars in ad- Poetry and Literature Center. Under the auspices of dition to doing research with members of the the O≈ce of Scholarly Programs, the Library’s Georgetown University faculty.This voluntary pro- 2003–2004 literary season began with the Librar- gram resulted in mutually beneficial relationships ian’s appointment of Louise Glück as poet laureate between John Carroll students and the fellows and consultant in poetry.The literary season opened on scholars at the center. October 21 and closed on May 4 with formal read- During fiscal 2004, the O≈ce of Scholarly Pro- ings given by Glück. A special two-day event in grams and the Kluge Center managed the activities February featured the 2004 Witter Bynner Fel- of some sixteen funds, including eight in the Poetry lows named by Glück. A program on April 8 re- and Literature Center, for a total expenditure of membered former Consultant in Poetry Josephine more than $5 million.The O≈ce of Scholarly Pro- Jacobsen, who died earlier in the year. On April 29, grams sponsored more than forty-five events, such eminent poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko gave a festive as symposia, lectures, book talks, and conferences, reading to an overflow audience, accompanied by as well as a series of talks by Kluge Fellows on their actor Anna Kepe, pianist Svetlana Nikolova, and particular areas of research. (See also Appendix A: singer Olga Simonova. The series included other Major Events at the Library.) programs suggested by the poet laureate.

library services 81 Publishing O≈ce. During fiscal 2004, the Publishing In spring 2004, the Publishing O≈ce, in associ- O≈ce produced more than thirty books, calen- ation with Harry N. Abrams, released Bound for dars, and other products featuring the Library’s Glory: America in Color, 1939–1943. Bound for Glory collections. (See also Appendix J: Publications.) was the first book to feature the color photography Copublishing e∑orts with trade publishers con- work of the Farm Services Administration and tinued as the primary publishing vehicle; new O≈ce of War Information Collection. With an agreements were signed with National Geographic, introduction by National Book Award–winner Bulfinch, Harry N. Abrams, and Bunker Hill Paul Hendrickson, Bound for Glory was featured in Publishing. Through those e∑orts, Library of the New York Times Magazine, which purchased the Congress publications found new audiences and right to feature the images and text from the book increased public knowledge of the Library’s colin its pages. The magazine feature attracted other lections and exhibitions. By year’s end, nearly sixty media, including NPR’s All Things Considered and cooperative agreements were in e∑ect with pub- the Cable News Network. lishers such as Amistad/Harper Collins, Cavallini Work continued all year on production of A and Company, University Press of New England, Heavenly Craft: The Woodcut in Early Printed Books, and Pomegranate. which featured the earliest surviving examples of In February 2004, the Publishing O≈ce signed a woodcut prints from western Europe and was to be cooperative agreement with National Geographic issued early next fiscal year as a companion to an for a book based on the material collected by the exhibition that was to open at the Grolier Club in Veterans History Project in the American Folklife New York, December 7,2004, and at the Library of Center. Intensive work in editorial development Congress in April 2005. and production continued through the rest of fiscal In time for Flag Day, the Publishing O≈ce re- 2004 to ensure that the book, Voices of War: Stories leased Old Glory: Unfurling History, a brief history of of Service from the Home Front and the Front Lines, the American flag as seen through the collections would be ready for release in print and as an audio of the Library of Congress. Old Glory describes the book on Veterans Day 2004. histories and myths surrounding the flag of the The Publishing O≈ce entered an agreement United States from its revolutionary birth to the with Bulfinch Publishers for Silent Film: The Birth of present day.The book’s text was authored by Karal Film and the Rise of Movie Culture. Silent Film will tell Ann Marling, professor of art history and Ameri- the story of the birth of film through the Library’s can studies at the University of Minnesota. The film collections and will be written by the former book was the first of several to be published with managing editor for Premier magazine, Peter Kobel. Bunker Hill Publishing on American icons as seen The projected publication date is fall 2006. through the collections of the Library of Congress. To mark the June opening of an exhibition of The end of fiscal 2004 brought the release of political cartoons by Pulitzer Prize–winner Ann three new titles: First Daughters: Letters between U.S. Telnaes, the Publishing O≈ce published Humor’s Presidents and Their Daughters; Canals,the second Edge: Cartoons by Ann Telnaes. Humor’s Edge brings volume of the Norton/Library of Congress Visual a refreshing and original spirit to the art of car- Sourcebooks in Architecture, Design, and Engi- tooning and sheds a distinctive light on contem- neering series; and From Haven to Home: 350 Years of porary issues. Humor’s Edge drew the attention of Jewish Life in America. The last title was published NPR, leading to an interview with Ann Telnaes to accompany the Library of Congress exhibition that featured both the exhibition and the book. that opened on September 9.

82 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Retail Marketing O≈ce. Revenue from the Library’s In fiscal 2004, the number of items in the collec- retail marketing operations reached $1,351,100 in tion more than doubled, from 40,000 items in fiscal 2004, an increase of 9.3 percent over fiscal September 2003 to more than 80,000 items at 2003. This revenue included sales from the Je∑er- fiscal year’s end.The collection includes audiotaped son Sales Shop and the shop’s Web site. Sales from and videotaped interviews, correspondences, di- the Web reached $125,600, an increase of 4.4 per- aries, memoirs, photo albums, scrapbooks, films, cent over fiscal 2003. and maps. Nearly 22,000 veterans and civilians The Library’s customer base for its Je∑erson Sales submitted their oral histories and memoirs to the Shop and the shop’s Web site is made up of Library project in fiscal 2004. visitors and sta∑ members,congressional sta∑ mem- The VHP continued to develop an interactive bers,and local neighbors purchasing a wide range of online presence. In April, an online story collection products.A total of 57,578 on-site sales transactions form was inaugurated on the VHP Web site. The generated an average purchase of $23.46 per cus- project collected 1,077 histories in the first two tomer. Online sales averaged $42.01 per customer, months that the online form was available and then and total online sales transactions reached 2,989. mounted 682 online digitized collections on its Ex- Planning began for new growth opportunities with perience War story Web site. the upcoming opening of the Capitol Visitor Cen- In fiscal 2004, the VHP developed a partner- ter tunnel and related relocation of the Je∑erson ship with Public Radio International to produce a Sales Shop to a new, expanded space. series of one-hour radio specials.The first special, The Retail Marketing O≈ce promoted the Li- drawn from the oral histories gathered by the brary of Congress at seventy-six events, such as au- VHP,aired in early November in honor of Veter- thor appearances and symposia at the Library,and at ans Day 2003. Vietnam War veteran and former o∑-site events,including the National Book Festival and American Library Association conferences. Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-N.Y.) gives the Librar- ian of Congress a donation of veterans’ oral histories prepared Veterans History Project. The Veterans History Proj- by students at Horace Greeley High School in New York. ect (VHP) was created by the U.S. Congress in fiscal 2000 to collect and preserve the firsthand accounts of veterans and the civilians who supported them during wartime.Through its American Folk- life Center, the Library embraced the VHP as a way of enriching its collections with personal histories,which illuminate the understanding of Amer- ica during the twentieth century. The VHP’s priority is to record histories of war veterans from World War I through the Per- sian Gulf wars—veterans serving in all military branches at home and abroad. During the year, the project’s sta∑ members sought the participation of Americans of all ages and ethnic backgrounds to collect memoirs, letters, photographs, and other documents.

library services 83 U.S. Senator Max Cleland hosted the program, Coming Home. He also hosted the second program in the series, Lest We Forget, which aired on Memo- rial Day 2004 to coincide with the National World War II Memorial dedication. Coming Home was aired on more than 70 public radio stations and Lest We Forget on more than 130 stations. Working with its founding corporate sponsor, AARP,the VHP developed a series of public programs to honor Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day around the country on December 7,2003. Programs were held that day at the U.S.S. Intrepid Sea-Air- Space Museum in New York City, New York; the Harold Washington Library Center in Chicago, Illinois; the James H. “Sloppy” Floyd Veterans Memorial Building in Atlanta, Georgia; and the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, Hawaii. The purpose of the programs was to honor veterans and to encourage them to Navy nurse Martha Blackmun Leirer (left) and Army nurse record their wartime memories for the VHP. Marion Sebring Elcano discuss their World War II experi- The VHP display From the Home Front and the ences in the Veterans History Project Pavilion at the Memo- Front Lines in American Treasures opened on May 24, rial Day reunion on the Mall. 2004, and was to close early the next fiscal year. On July 28, the display became available online. ciated Press, the Washington Post,the Los Angeles The VHP was invited by the Smithsonian Cen- Times,the Miami Herald,and the Chicago Tribune. ter for Folklife and Cultural Heritage and the In September, VHP sta∑ members began two American Battle Monuments Commission to par- new initiatives. One was to reach out to other fed- ticipate in the four-day celebration that was held eral agencies, thus enabling Library of Congress on the National Mall, May 27–30, 2004.The Na- volunteers to collect oral histories from veterans tional World War II Reunion coincided with employed by the federal government.Another ini- American Battle Monuments Commission’s ded- tiative will allow Library volunteers to collect per- ication of the National World War II Memorial sonal recollections from veterans who reside in re- on Saturday, May 29. Nearly 400 volunteers for tirement communities. the VHP collected 2,865 stories from World War II On September 27, the VHP director met with veterans and civilian workers over the four days. representatives from Generations & History, a The project hosted an open house for members of nonprofit association based in Belgium. The or- Congress and their constituents in the Whittall ganization has been contracted by the United Pavilion of the Thomas Je∑erson Building. During Nations to develop an international exhibition the Memorial Day weekend, the VHP received on World War II to open at the United Nations extensive national and local press coverage, in- in 2005.The VHP will be featured in the exhibit, cluding coverage by CBS Evening News,NPR’s All and the director joined the international advisory Things Considered, Cable News Network, the Asso- committee.

84 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 The project added a coordinator for diversity tendance of 5,693.With the Library’s Congressional programs to its sta∑ in summer 2004.The coordi- Relations O≈ce, VSO cosponsored a briefing and nator will build ties with various communities, in- tour of the Thomas Je∑erson Building for congres- cluding with African American churches and with sional sta∑ members to inform them about what other ethnic groups and minority social and serv- services the Library o∑ers and how they can use ice organizations that have outreach to Asian those services. Americans, Native Americans, and women. Project Sta∑ reductions caused VSO to suspend specially sta∑ members continued to attend minority veter- scheduled group tours for the public from March ans conferences and to actively develop partner- through August. As a result of sta≈ng shortages, ships with minority groups, including the Afro- VSO did not publish its volunteer newsletter or American Historical and Genealogical Society,the sponsor museum trips for volunteers this year. To American Indian Veterans History Foundation, address the shortages, VSO sought contract fund- the Japanese American Veterans Association, and ing, which was approved, to resume the valued vol- the League of United Latin American Citizens. unteer enrichment activities in the next fiscal year. With the assistance of VSO’s docents, public Visitor Services O≈ce. With a sta∑ of three full-time tours of the Thomas Je∑erson Building continued permanent employees and a cadre of 170 trained at a high level, with 58,079 members of the public volunteers, the Visitor Services O≈ce (VSO) in participating in 2,069 regular tours. The twenty- fiscal 2003 welcomed to the Library approximately minute architectural highlight tours attracted 8,809 750,000 visitors from eighty-four di∑erent coun- participants.Tours and professional appointments tries and operated two information desks, eight in- were provided for special visitors, including leg- teractive computer terminals that provide general islative sta∑ members from other countries and 314 information and access to the Library of Congress librarians. Requests for the visits came from pro- Online Catalog, and the Visitors’ Theater—where a gramming agencies that were under contract to the twelve-minute, award-winning film about the Li- U.S. Department of State, embassies, colleges, and brary is shown four times each hour. universities. During the year, the VSO focused on service to Volunteers sta∑ed the researcher guidance desks Congress,maintaining direct contact with an average in the Reader Registration O≈ce for sixty-four of 248 congressional o≈ces each month and a total hours each week, including Saturdays, and met of 476 o≈ces (92 in the Senate and 384 in the House with 10,174 first-time researchers to provide basic of Representatives) for the entire year. For the first information about conducting research at the Li- time this year,more than half of all congressional re- brary of Congress.Volunteers responded to 158,486 quests for constituent tours were sent to the VSO by inquiries at the information desks in the Je∑erson e-mail, permitting immediate confirmation of tour and Madison Buildings. Volunteers conducted reservations.Twenty-two members of Congress and tours in connection with evening special events eleven congressional spouses visited this year. The and sta∑ed more than 100 posts at the National number of reservations for constituent tours in- Book Festival in October. VSO recruited more creased dramatically, to 53,955, a third more than than 500 volunteers to serve at the book festival as the previous fiscal year.Approximately 40 percent of pavilion sta∑ members, book signing coordinators, the reservations, or 21,215, resulted in actual atten- greeters, and golf cart drivers. In all, volunteers con- dance on 936 tours. In addition, VSO arranged 351 tributed 19,718 hours to the Library in fiscal 2004, special tours at congressional request, with an at- the equivalent of 12.8 full-time employee positions.

library services 85 Colored People) political banner with damaged Preservation Directorate paint on canvas; Korean metal type with bronze The Preservation Directorate’s mission is to ensure disease; and James Joyce’s plaster death mask, which long-term, uninterrupted access to the Library’s col- required a custom-designed protective storage box. lections, either in original or in reformatted form. In The directorate also facilitated the acquisition fiscal 2004, the Preservation Directorate accom- of the culturally significant, multiformat Kislak plished its mission through its four divisions— Mesoamerican Collection by assessing the condi- Binding and Collections Care, Conservation, Pres- tion of codices, maps, and objects—including more ervation Reformatting, and Preservation Research than 600 ceramics, textiles, and paintings—and by and Testing; through two additional long-term pro- advising about stabilizing, packing, transporting, grams—mass deacidification of manuscript sheets storing, and exhibiting the collection. and books as well as the National Digital News- The annual “Microform Round Table” addressed paper/U.S. Newspaper Program; and through two problems of cellulose acetate with the British Li- congressionally approved multiyear short-term ini- brary; Cambridge University Library; Bodleian tiatives—the Preventive Care Program and the Library; national libraries of Scotland and Aus- Preparation of Collections for Moves to Fort Meade tralia; New York Public Library; and libraries of and Culpeper Program. Yale,Harvard,and Princeton Universities.Six In fiscal 2004, the Preservation Directorate com- “Topics in Preservation Science” lectures, most pleted more than 10 million assessments, treat- open to the general public, featured speakers from ments, rehousings, and reformattings for books, universities and other preservation agencies on codices, manuscripts, maps, cartoons, political subjects that included imaging sound, archiving posters, palm leaves, architectural drawings, pho- optical storage media, laser-cleaning paper, and tographs, newspapers, discs, films, magnetic tapes, stabilizing iron gall ink.The series included work- and artifacts. A total of 4,132,284 items were re- shops on leather, parchment, and adhesives that paired, mass deacidified, or microfilmed at a total were open to professional conservators. Directorate cost of $18,367,801. The average cost per item was sta∑ members developed the program “Sights and $4.44, representing a decrease of $2.05 per item Sounds: Preserving the New Media” for the World from fiscal 2003. Information Congress and General Conference of For President Ronald Reagan’s State Funeral, the International Federation of Library Associa- the directorate prepared a dozen signature books tions and Institutions in Buenos Aires,Argentina, for members of Congress and the visiting public to in August. sign in commemoration. Other highlights included To extend the life and utility of collections conservation of seventeenth-century fortification through appropriate treatment and technologies, and battle plans, nineteenth-century Japanese the directorate deacidified 299,064 books and maps, architectural drawings of the Capitol, Wil- 1,219,500 documents as part of the Thirty-Year liam Penn’s papers, Theodore Roosevelt’s presi- (One Generation) Mass Deacidification Plan to dential papers, and the Wright brothers’ drawings. stabilize more than 30 million general collection Particular e∑ort was expended to make available in books and manuscripts in thirty years. For the sec- reformatted versions the currently relevant and ond year, the Library made full use of a new single- time-sensitive collections. Conservation was per- sheet treatment cylinder that was installed on-site formed for rarities such as an oversized NAACP in the Madison Building in August 2002. The Li- (National Association for the Advancement of brary deacidified nonbook, paper-based materials

86 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 that were too valuable to be transported to the ven- tures, which will slow aging of collections, thereby dor’s plant near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where extending the items’ useful life expectancy. The the Library’s books are deacidified. With the suc- third year of a five-year preventive preservation ini- cessful mass deacidification program in place since tiative accomplished the rehousing of 142,758 spe- 1996, the Library has to date extended the useful cial collection items on Capitol Hill. life of more than 1 million bound volumes and The second year of a three-year preservation more than 2 million sheets of manuscript materi- preparation initiative to move select collections to als from the national collections through use of environmentally controlled cool and cold storage this advanced preservation technology that neu- resulted in rehousing 502,715 audiovisual items for tralizes the acid in paper. the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center In addition, 289,401 general and special collec- in Culpeper, Virginia, and 31,753 special collection tion books, manuscripts, drawings, prints, and items for the o∑-site storage facility at Fort Meade, photographs received conventional or highly cus- Maryland, the eventual home for 30 million special- tomized preservation treatments; 630,269 docu- format items currently being accessed for preserva- ments, photographs, discs, film, and magnetic tape tion needs.A specifications initiative completed the reels and cassettes were rehoused for preservation development of nondamaging bookshelf covers to and access; 4,103,419 photographs, paper, and other protect books from damage caused by storage on collection material were assessed for future preser- slotted shelves, as well as the development of spe- vation needs; and 4,111,415 documents, newspaper cially designed carts for protecting oversized or pages, and motion picture reels were converted to rolled items during transport, processing, or use. microfilm and digital format. To support access to The third year of a multiyear research project to collections electronically through the National determine the life expectancy and signal stability of Digital Library, the directorate stabilized 31,663 CD-ROM media resulted in an expansion of sam- items. To support outreach through exhibitions, ple population from 125 to 1,000 discs to increase the directorate treated 1,372 items and matted or confidence level of findings to 95 percent. otherwise housed 562 for the Interpretive Pro- To secure the national collections during storage, grams O≈ce.A special initiative to test a new tech- transport, processing, use, and exhibition, the di- nology for paper strengthening resulted in the rectorate updated the preservation component of treatment of 16,024 bound newspaper pages that the Library’s collection security plan, in collabora- were too brittle to serve to users, bringing the total tion with the O≈ce of Security and Emergency for the three-year initiative to more than 30,000 Preparedness. pages at a quarter of the estimated cost. To improve security for the Library’s Top Trea- To provide environmentally stable storage for sures, the Preservation Directorate acquired and special format collections, the Preservation Direc- installed state-of-the-art gasketted stainless steel torate continued five multiyear initiatives. The cabinets that are watertight and can be filtered penultimate year of the environmental monitoring against pollution or other contaminants. The di- and control initiative with Image Permanence In- rectorate also acquired equipment to improve dig- stitute resulted in improved storage environments, ital analysis and imaging of treasure collections. A thus extending the life of 1.3 million items available multispectral digital camera for photography with to users on Capitol Hill. This initiative has in- infrared and ultraviolet light enables state-of-the- stalled 95 preservation environmental monitors in art analysis, documentation, and monitoring of the all Capitol Hill buildings to help lower tempera- condition and deterioration of the Library’s Top

library services 87 Treasures and special collections at the most inti- So that the Library can study natural aging, a sam- mate level, thus capturing features that are invisible ple set of CD-ROMs is intermittently retrieved to the naked eye and that are vital for identification, from the Library’s collections and then evaluated authenticity, and security. The directorate refined using special signal-testing equipment. In addition, emergency preparedness plans for collections and the division is developing procedures for acceler- responded to thirteen emergency incidents, thereby ated aging of CDs and evaluation protocols. The salvaging 874 water- and mold-damaged books, interagency agreement provides special funding drawings, and photographs, as well as applying from the Library to enable NIST to expand its anoxic treatment to fifty-five record storage boxes participation and to hire a scientist to work with infested with silverfish. Library sta∑ members in evaluating the test data and in adapting testing and aging protocols. New Initiatives. In fiscal 2004, the Preservation Di- To develop a protocol for preserving sound re- rectorate launched several new training, research, cordings, the Library signed a second interagency and interagency projects to pursue the objectives of agreement with the Department of Energy’s Law- Library Services for preserving collections and ex- rence Livermore Berkeley Laboratory to study the tending collaborative partnerships.A new curricu- e≈cacy of digitally imaging sound-recording ma- lum was developed for the Catholic University terials—such as wax cylinders and shellac discs— School of Library and Information Science course using two- and three-dimensional imaging methods. on preservation, to be led by the directorate’s sta∑ Issues to be addressed are the scanning of speed in the spring semester of 2005. optimizations, measurements of damaged and Several collaborations and interagency programs moldy samples, and comparisons of two- and three- started by the Preservation Research and Testing dimensional scans on laterally modulated disc me- Division supported research into the long-term dia. If successful, digital imaging techniques will be stability of collections and storage materials. A re- able to capture many levels of sound from damaged search fellowship created by a donation from the or fragile original materials without further dam- Nielsen-Bainbridge Company,a producer of pres- aging, altering, or wearing down the originals. ervation supplies, will defray expenses for a named A third interagency agreement marked a collab- fellow to research the use of zeolite molecular oration between the U.S. Newspaper Program sieves, which can be incorporated into housing ma- and the National Endowment for the Humanities terials and which may absorb and trap pollutants in to form the U.S. Digital Newspaper Program, collection storage environments. The work will which will preserve and make accessible local build on research performed at the Getty Conser- newspapers throughout the United States. Fol- vation Institute. lowing the U.S. Newspaper Program model, the An interagency agreement was signed with the National Endowment for the Humanities expects Information Technology Division of the National to award ten cooperative agreements in 2005 to Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) to state-level institutions to digitize select newspapers share data and methodology to study the e∑ects of from the 1900–1910 period and to deposit those natural and accelerated aging on signal stability of files with the Library of Congress. The Library CD-ROMs and DVDs.This agreement will result will be responsible for developing a repository to in the evaluation of the long-term stability of dig- aggregate, store, and serve the deposited content ital media.The Research and Testing Division will freely on the Internet.This program is intended to study CD-ROMs, and NIST will focus on DVDs. assist in developing standards for page-level access

88 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 to historic newspapers converted from preserva- gated the e∑ect of laser-engraving permanent prop- tion microfilm and to serve as a model for cooper- erty identification around the central hub area ative digital content development. (where no data resides) on compact disk media. The Preservation Directorate acquired new equip- Such laser engraving can discourage pilferage and ment to improve housing for all formats in the col- was found to have no e∑ect on the long-term life lection life cycle of storage, transport, use, exhibi- and signal stability of CD-ROMs. The division tion, and processing.Two new automatic computer also supported national and international standards systems were purchased that design, measure, and related to preservation of library materials, includ- cut custom mats and boxes, thereby reducing time ing standards for hot-melt, pressure-sensitive, and and increasing accuracy and range of techniques archive adhesives and test methods for adhesives. and materials used to protect and display collec- In this work, sta∑ members collaborated with sci- tions. An automatic mat-cutter can instantly cut entists from the National Archives and Records any combination of shapes, and a Kasemaker box- Agency,American Society for Testing and Materi- making system contains a library of more than 200 als,Yale University,New York University,and For- box styles that allow operators to design new boxes est Products Laboratories and technical represen- using plastics, cloth, paper, and solid and corru- tatives of adhesive manufacturers. gated board. The Preservation Reformatting Division and its The Conservation Division hosted five interns programs successfully converted 4,110,945 units (e.g., from conservation programs in the United States, pages, photographs, or posters) of library material France, Italy, Japan, and South Korea, and then through a combination of preservation microfilming awarded its final Getty Preventive Conservation (4,038,946 pages, or 2,316,219 exposures), preser- Internship to a Columbia University preservation vation facsimile (33,873 pages, or 116 volumes), dig- graduate from Puerto Rico. To support increased itization (36,390 pages, or 216 works), and other diversity in the Library and to make conservation preservation photographic reproductions (1,706 opportunities available to a broader, more diverse images) for service to the public. Collections re- group of professionals, the directorate launched a ceiving focused e∑orts included Arabic-language Multicultural Fellowship Program and accepted newspapers, severely embrittled World War I–era the first fellow from the University of Texas’s Grad- military camp publications, acetate and nitrate uate Conservation Program. photographs, and monographs identified through The Binding and Collections Care Division pro- use (e.g., loan request, reference request, collec- vided timely commercial bindery preparation, lation care request) that were too brittle to be served beling, box-making, and repair of Library collec- to readers. tions. Division sta∑ members prepared and sent Two new reformatting projects were undertaken 212,445 volumes for commercial library binding with the Prints and Photographs Division to ad- and trained Asian Division and African and Mid- dress deteriorating photographic materials. High- dle Eastern Division sta∑ members to prepare se- priority deteriorating acetate base negatives were rial issues for binding, thus permitting this very identified for cleaning, stabilization, and refor- labor-intensive work to be performed in those di- matting treatment through a contract with Chi- visions and reducing the risk of loss and damage to cago Albumen Works. High-priority nitrate neg- the serial issues. atives stored at Wright Patterson Air Force Base The Preservation Research and Testing Division were identified for digitization under a contract completed the first phase of a study that investi- awarded to TransImage.

library services 89 priated, gift, trust, revolving, and reimbursable Technology Policy Directorate funds.They successfully executed the service unit’s The Technology Policy Directorate has as its mis- budget for fiscal 2004. sion to provide technology leadership by setting The management information systems analysts policy and standards and by delivering technology continued to support major Library Services ini- and services to achieve the goals and objectives of tiatives and administrative systems. The analysts Library Services in support of the Library of Con- prepared a graphical analysis of the current budget gress, the Congress of the United States, and the projection system, allowing a visual depiction of larger library community.This new directorate was cost trends in the sta≈ng area during the fiscal year established in July 2004 as part of the Library Serv- in progress. A five-year retrospective analysis was ices realignment. It will provide better coordination completed summarizing nonsta≈ng expenditures of technology projects throughout Library Serv- across all service unit funds. ices, will enable Library Services to address technology issues such as information security,and will establish a formal liaison with the O≈ce of Strate- Automation Planning and Liaison O≈ce gic Initiatives. The mission of the Automation Planning and Li- The Technology Policy Directorate consists of aison O≈ce (APLO) is to provide automation sup- three divisions of the former Operations Direc- port for all divisions and o≈ces in Library Services. torate: the Automation Planning and Liaison APLO served as liaison between Library Services O≈ce, the ILS Program O≈ce, and the Network and providers of information technology products Development and MARC Standards O≈ce. The and services. administrative functions formerly performed in In the area of procurement, APLO experienced the Operations Directorate are also the responsi- a high volume of requests for information tech- bility of this directorate (with the exception of the nology items, such as hardware, software, database Technical Processing and Automation Instruction services, software maintenance, and hardware O≈ce, which became the Instructional Design maintenance, throughout the year. APLO proc- and Training Division and was moved to the Ac- essed orders for special software, hardware, main- quisitions and Bibliographic Access Directorate tenance, and database services totaling $605,148 in in the realignment). support of such programs as the Baseline Inven- After the service unit realignment, the adminis- tory Program and ILS. trative teams in the former Operations Direc- Sta∑ members of APLO completed 856 soft- torate were grouped in an administrative services ware installations in fiscal 2004.The greatest num- o≈ce with a chief reporting to the associate liber of requests were for Macromedia and Adobe brarian and deputy associate librarian. As the di- products.APLO expanded the use or investigation visions increasingly absorbed the work of the for- of various “push” or “remote” technology products mer Operations Directorate Human Resources in deploying software packages over the network, a Team, most of its human resources specialists major improvement in the service unit’s ability to were reassigned to divisions so they could per- deploy and update software in a timely and e≈- form their functions more directly and in a more cient manner. timely fashion. The service unit’s financial man- In addition, APLO’s Software Asset Team con- agement analysts continued to provide the techni- ducted initial tests of On Remote software to eval- cal review and tracking of expenditures in appro- uate the feasibility of using this network software

90 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 package to deploy individual instances of software older ITSNT1 Windows domain to the produc- packages in response to any number of issues—for tion LIB domain. example, trouble tickets, reinstallations of a package To safeguard the security of the Library’s infor- when a workstation is replaced, or new software in- mation systems,APLO worked with the ITS and stallations. In the coming fiscal year,APLO plans to Library Services sta∑ to test an upgrade of the use the On Remote agent to remotely troubleshoot McAfee antivirus software that included a firewall personal computers in Library Services. component, as well as some antispyware capabil- In fiscal 2004,APLO made a concerted e∑ort to ity. This version was to be introduced to all sta∑ upgrade the aging Dell OptiPlex GX1 P2 and P3 members during the next fiscal year. APLO sta∑ CPUs (central processing units) to Pentium 4. members developed conceptual and practical infor- APLO upgraded 719 P2 and P3 CPUs to Dell mation for use in combating spyware on Library OptiPlex GX240 or higher CPUs. It installed or PCs. As part of another critical security initiative, delivered fifty ergonomic devices, sixty local or net- APLO worked with ITS to test and ensure that all work printers, thirty bar-code scanners, fifty CRT Library Service personal computers were “baselined” (cathode ray tube) monitors, sixty-eight LCD (liq- to a defined standard of operating system patches, uid crystal display) monitors, and thirty other de- which will enable all Library Services’ Windows vices. At year’s end, APLO was responsible for 2000 PCs to receive critical operating system secu- 3,210 CPUs and 208 laptops. rity patches that are pushed out over the network by In the area of systems analysis and workstation ITS.APLO continued to work closely with ITS to configuration management, APLO revised and identify devices that had security vulnerabilities. updated the standard Library Services workstation Both technical assistance and analysis were pro- configuration “seeds” for the four supported hard- vided in anticipation of deploying several systems ware platforms with recent operating system patches, throughout the Library,including the new financial software,upgrades,and changes requested by the system Momentum, Integrated Support Services’ divisions.APLO developed documentation for the Facilities Automated Services Tracking System and four major configurations for equipment used for Automated Hazard Abatement Program, and ccm- business continuity, teleworkers, and intermittent Mercury’s version upgrade. As the Library’s Learn- work-at-home sta∑ members that will include all ing Gateway was implemented, APLO sta∑ mem- technical specifications, installation instructions, bers worked with the Instructional Design and and troubleshooting techniques. This document Training Division, the Operations Management will be available through the Web, enabling users to and Training Directorate, the Federal Library and perform first-level troubleshooting from their re- Information Center Committee, and the Library mote locations.APLO provided increased support of Congress Internal University to convert data for remote computing to accommodate fifty-nine from the Registrar into the Pathlore formats. participants in the telework pilot and thirty-one APLO sta∑ members visited the Library’s over- o∑-site intermittent users. All configurations were seas field o≈ce in New Delhi, India, to help with current and compliant with security, server-based local arrangements for the April 2004 Systems Ad- operating system fixes, and networking parameters ministrators’ Conference. The conference concen- established by Information Technology Services trated on information technology security issues (ITS). APLO took a leading role in working with and telecommunications in the field o≈ces and in- ITS and Library Services sta∑ members to migrate cluded a briefing on the conversion to Unicode and Library Services’ data and applications from the on the support of the Library’s GroupWise e-mail

library services 91 system. After months of rigorous testing, APLO reporting, and configuration of the Online Public Ac- recommended that the field o≈ces cease testing cess Catalog module in Voyager. the acquisitions and financial components of the After the Library determined in fiscal 2004 that Integrated Field O≈ce System and use the ILS for the Voyager 2001.2 Release would not meet the Li- cataloging and acquisitions.The recommendation brary’s requirements, specifically for supporting re- was accepted by the field directors and Library trieval of items from the stacks, Library manage- Services management in August. ment decided that it would not implement a new ILS release until a Voyager release with Unicode was feasible in the Library’s environment. Endeavor Integrated Library System Program O≈ce Information Systems Inc., which produces the During fiscal 2004, the ILS Program O≈ce con- Voyager product, performed three test conversions tinued to maintain and implement improvements and upgrades on a copy of the Library’s ILS data- to existing production systems while planning for base in which more than 30 million records were the implementation of new systems that would or- accurately converted to the Unicode standard. Be- ganize and manage licensing data for the Library’s cause it is critical to discover any problems in a electronic resources, add functionality,and expand new software release as early as possible, while it is and improve access to the Library’s collections for feasible to solve them, the ILS Program O≈ce sta∑ members and public users. This year also worked with the vendor to permit the Library to marked the transition from the use of a single in- serve as a beta test site for the next Voyager re- tegrated, commercial o∑-the-shelf product, the En- lease, thus coordinating testing at the Library with deavor Voyager ILS software, to multiple com- the vendor’s other large research library customers. mercial o∑-the-shelf products to increase access to and to improve management of the Library’s digi- OpenURL Resolver. The Library is undertaking a tal collections while continuing to support acqui- number of initiatives to improve linkages between sition, description, preservation, and access for all metadata and the resources and services that are materials in the Library’s collections. available over the Web. One such e∑ort is the implementation of an OpenURL resolver, which is Integrated Library System. This year, the ILS o≈ce expected to improve sta∑ and patron access to lo- was able to increase the number of simultaneous Li- cally developed and commercial online resources. brary of Congress Online Catalog users from 425 in The Library purchased the SFX OpenURL re- fiscal 2003 to 525 in fiscal 2004, or nearly 25 percent. solver software from ExLibris USA in fiscal 2004 Cataloging production units also began to use Voy- to support convenient linking between citations ager software tools to make large-scale data changes for resources to accessible full digital content and in MARC records,thereby improving the quality of other Web services—for example, to online tables the Library’s ILS database. The ILS workstation of contents and abstracts, to searches for “more in- team updated the Voyager workstation client soft- formation” in the Library of Congress Online Catalog ware on approximately 3,000 ILS workstations in or Web search engines, or to document delivery the Library,after appropriate configuration and test- and interlibrary loan. ing. Program O≈ce sta∑ members worked closely with the Copyright O≈ce in planning the o≈ce’s E-resource Management System. The Library acquired migration to a Voyager database.This assistance fo- the electronic resource management system (ERMS) cused on specifications for data migration,indexing, from Innovative Interfaces Inc. The system is the

92 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 first of its kind to base its application development smooth transition for bibliographic data contribu- on the Digital Library Federation’s emerging Elec- tion and distribution, and uninterrupted support tronic Resource Management Initiative. Using for name authority component operations and non- ERMS, sta∑ members in the acquisitions divisions roman script cataloging activities in RLIN21.Test- could incorporate licensing and procurement of ing continued into the next fiscal year. electronic resources into their regular workflows, resulting in reduced processing costs for acquisi- Handle Server Support. To provide persistent identi- tions.Tentative plans called for testing a Web-based fication of electronic resources managed by the Li- interface to the Library’s ERMS data in fiscal 2005. brary, Library Services sta∑ members registered The implementation of ERMS promised to im- more than 50,000 new handles (persistent identi- prove the Library’s electronic licensing information fiers for digital resources) in fiscal 2004.As part of a and to contribute to integrated user access to both major redesign of the Library’s Electronic Resources digital and nondigital resources. Web site, handles were assigned to several hundred subscription resources that contain some sort of Federated Search Pilot Project for Library of Congress password authentication.Troubleshooting,mainte- Bibliographic Databases. One area of rapid growth nance of the handle support Web site for Library within the library community has been federated sta∑,and informational presentations to sta∑ mem- search or metasearch software that relies heavily on bers continued as important tools for handle pro- the Z39.50 search protocol. Library Services con- motion and support. In September, ILS sta∑ mem- tracted in August 2004 with Index Data to provide bers worked with ITS to outline preliminary search and retrieval gateways for representative Li- procedures for testing the movement of the Library’s brary of Congress databases (e.g., InQuery,Lucene, handle server application to an Oracle platform, and MySQL), in addition to Voyager. The front with completion of the move expected in early 2005. end of those gateways will receive and process re- As part of its support of handles, the Library par- quests in Z39.50, SRU (Search and Retrieve URL), ticipated in the Persistent Identifiers Task Force of or SRW (Search and Retrieve Web Service) and CENDI, the federal center for defense, scientific, will convert the requests to retrieve metadata rec- and technical information.In April 2004,this group ords from InQuery,Lucene, or MySQL. In this pi- issued a white paper on the federal government’s lot, ILS and Network Development and MARC use of persistent identifiers to the U.S. Interagency Standards O≈ce sta∑ members will work with Committee on Government Information. ITS to install Index Data’s open-source metasearch application, known as the Keystone Digital Li- Other Initiatives. ILS sta∑ members continued de- brary Suite. The pilot project includes an explo- velopment work on a quality assurance program to ration of Index Data’s open-source Zebra database support and speed the Baseline Inventory Pro- engine, which will enable the Library to make some gram’s review processes. Development work to test databases of Metadata Object Description meet evolving Baseline Inventory Program report- Schema records directly searchable. ing and quality assurance needs will continue in the When the Library agreed to serve in fiscal 2004 next fiscal year. ILS sta∑ members developed speci- as an early-release tester of RLG’s new RLIN21 fications for a loose periodical shelving label that is Web-enabled, Unicode-compliant client, ILS sta∑ based on bibliographic data drawn from the Li- members coordinated the testing e∑ort to ensure brary’s ILS. ILS acquisitions experts worked with accurate conversion to the Unicode standard, a ITS and the O≈ce of the Chief Financial O≈cer

library services 93 to test the interface between the ILS and Momen- and the Text Encoding Initiative Consortium. tum, the Library’s new financial system, to ensure NDMSO participated as a member of the NISO a smooth transition and to identify any workflow Standards Development Committee and con- or data reporting changes that might be needed tributed reports to the committee on standards with the new system. maintenance and development in the areas of metadata and language identification. A major goal for NDMSO is to maintain sta- Network Development and bility and upward compatibility in the informa- MARC Standards O≈ce tion record interchange environment by providing The Network Development and MARC Stan- the standards and tools for libraries to move for- dards O≈ce (NDMSO) is the focal point for tech- ward to newer technologies. This year, NDMSO nical library,network, and digital standards and for worked to provide standards for cataloging data, related planning in Library Services. In fiscal 2004, metadata about digital image collections, and ar- NDMSO continued to support the Internet activ- chival finding aids expressed in XML (extensible ities of Library Services, and it provided leadership markup language), a Web markup language that is on both Library Services and Library-wide Internet gaining widespread use. committees and teams. In the International Feder- In the area of XML cataloging format standards, ation of Library Associations and Institutions, the NDMSO continued to develop and promote NDMSO chief represented the Library in infor- MARCXML, an XML version of the traditional mation technology activities. Also, NDMSO con- MARC 21 formats. The MARCXML schema tinued to assist the Copyright Office in the e∑ort to provides a flexible bus through which metadata migrate Copyright O≈ce data from its COPICS can be transformed in various ways. (Copyright O≈ce Publications and Interactive Cat- Other standards based on the MARC 21 formats aloging System) system to the MARC 21–based included the Metadata Object Description Schema Voyager system. (MODS) and the Metadata Authority Descrip- tion Schema (MADS). Version 3.0 of the XML Digital Standards and Projects. Standards develop- standard was called MODS. It was completed by ment is a critical activity in the library and infor- the NDMSO sta∑ and released early in the fiscal mation communities. Standards identify best year. MODS is a simplified version of the MARC practices and methods for delivery of library serv- 21 Bibliographic Format that uses language-based ices, and they enable information to be presented tags rather than numeric ones (e.g., “Title” rather and exchanged in reliable and e≈cient ways. Dur- than “245”). The year saw wide interest in and ing fiscal 2004, NDMSO was very active in stan- adoption of MODS in the information commu- dards development. NDMSO represented the Li- nity.MADS, a counterpart XML standard for au- brary in the principal national and international thority data or controlled forms of names and top- standards bodies: the American National Stan- ics, was also developed by NDMSO and published dards Institute (ANSI) and its a≈liate, the Na- for review during the year. tional Information Standards Organization In fiscal 2004, NDMSO sta∑ members contin- (NISO), and the International Organization for ued participation in developing the Metadata En- Standardization (ISO). Other standards organi- coding and Transmission Standard (METS) and zations on which NDMSO represented the Li- served on the METS Editorial Board, which issued brary included the World Wide Web Consortium METS Version 1.4 for review. METS is an XML

94 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 schema for creating XML documents that express source Identifiers (URIs). NDMSO sta∑ mem- the hierarchical structure of digital library objects, bers continued to support development of a re- the names and locations of the digital files that com- quirements document for full-text searching for prise those objects, and the associated metadata. the XQuery language, which was developed by the NDMSO served as the maintenance agency for the W3C to query and format XML data. In addi- METS standard, maintained the o≈cial METS tion, NDMSO participated in developing the “info Web site and the METS electronic discussion list URI,” which was led by the library sta∑ of Los for developers and implementers,and promoted un- Alamos National Laboratory.The info URI opens derstanding and use of the METS standard through up the possibility of establishing unique electronic outreach events. identifiers for many elements in the library and in This year, the NDMSO sta∑ continued to main- the publishing standards landscape, an important tain the MIX (Metadata for Images in XML) first step for semantic Web development. schema, an XML schema for a set of technical data Various rights expression languages (RELs) have elements required to manage digital image collec- recently emerged in the information community. tions.The schema provides a format for interchange, The RELs support di∑erent aspects of rights man- storage, or both of the data specified in the NISO agement in the digital information environment, Draft Standard Data Dictionary: Technical Metadata for such as licensing and payment, as well as use con- Digital Still Images (Version 1.2).After NISO and the trol, access, and manipulation of data on the World MIX user community completed a review period of Wide Web. This year, NDMSO contracted for a both the Data Dictionary and the MIX schema in major survey of RELs, their characteristics, and December 2003, a revised version of the Data Dictio- their potential uses in an automated environment. nary was created. NDMSO then began work on a Published on the Library’s Web site in February,the new version of the MIX schema,which reflected re- survey clarified the similarities and di∑erences of viewers’ comments. Use of the MIX schema has various emerging RELs in order to assist in choos- been widespread in the digital library community, ing an appropriate REL for a particular digital ap- and MIX has been incorporated into several other plication and, where feasible, to encourage cooper- applications, including JHOVE, the metadata vali- ation among the developers of such languages. dation tool developed at Harvard University. In other metadata standards activities, NDMSO The Encoded Archival Description Document sta∑ members continued to provide support and de- Type Definition is the standard implementation of velopment for the following metadata standards: XML used by archives to create archival finding Minerva,Dublin Core,URIs for elements,OCLC/ aids.This standard, which is jointly maintained by RLG Preservation Metadata: Implementation the Society of American Archivists and NDMSO, Strategies Working Group, Open eBook, Digital is useful for providing access to collections that are Library Federation/OCLC Digital Registry, and to be digitized. American Memory Digital Conversion Support. The Library is a member of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the group responsible Digital Reference Standard. NDMSO sta∑ members for standards used on the Web, and NDMSO pro- provided the leadership for the NISO AZ Sub- vides the membership representation. During fiscal committee, which was formed to define a protocol 2004, NDMSO participated in a W3C Advisory for communication among digital reference do- Committee meeting and represented the Library in mains. The Library took this opportunity to pro- W3C activities, including work on Uniform Re- vide for interoperability now, while collaborative

library services 95 digital reference projects and consortia are in an of a cooperative name authority file, in support of early stage of development, so the Library can re- the Program for Cooperative Cataloging. duce the expense of future maintenance of digital reference collaborative systems. In fiscal 2004, a MARC 21 and Related Standards. NDMSO has re- draft protocol was completed and released through sponsibility for maintenance of the MARC for- NISO for trial use. mats, which are used extensively worldwide for the exchange of bibliographic data in machine-readable Information Retrieval Protocol Standards. The Library form.The o≈ce worked with the National Library has a special interest in developing library appli- of Canada, the British Library, and the library cation protocols for computer networking. Thus, community on changes to the format through the the Library provides the maintenance agency for MARC Advisory Committee meetings, an elec- the ANSI/NISO Z39.50/ISO 23950 informa- tronic forum, and continuous communication. tion retrieval protocol and chairs TC46 Subcom- This year was productive for MARC 21 format mittee 4, which is the ISO group that is responsi- maintenance. In January,the 2003 updates to all five ble for both ISO 23950 and the international formats (Authority, Bibliographic, Classification, Interlibrary Loan protocol (ISO 10160, 10161).The Community,and Holdings) were published in print. information retrieval protocol Z39.50 makes it Soon after,the 2003 edition of the MARC 21 Concise possible for librarians and users to send searches Formats was released in print and Web versions.The to a target system and to receive responses without annual update schedule keeps the formats synchro- knowing the search syntax of the target system.As nized, because many fields are shared across for- the Z39.50 maintenance agency, NDMSO also mats. The MARC 21 Web site was expanded and participated in developing application protocol updated continually throughout the year. profiles—agreements that are between vendors The FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibli- and users and are aimed at developing interoper- ographic Records) Display Tool, which is based on able products through coordinated implementa- the analysis in Displays for Multiple Versions from tion of standards. In fiscal 2004, NISO Z39.89— MARC 21 and FRBR uses XSLT (extensible style- the United States national profile for Z39.50—was sheet language transformation) technology to trans- approved and published. form the bibliographic data found in MARC 21 The SRW/SRU initiative (Search and Retrieve record files into meaningful displays by grouping Web Service and Search and Retrieve URL Serv- the data into the “Work,”“Expression,” and “Mani- ice), which is an XML companion to Z39.50, pro- festation” concepts of the International Federation gressed well this fiscal year. It is part of the ZING of Library Associations and Institutions’ Functional (Z39.50-International: Next Generation) initia- Requirements for Bibliographic Records. With MARC tive, which NDMSO organized, to evolve Z39.50 21 records as input, the FRBR Display Tool is an ex- to a Web platform protocol that will be attractive ample of the usefulness of MARCXML, MODS, to information providers, vendors, and users. and related transformations—all components of NDMSO continued to represent the Library the tool.The FRBR tool is available to the MARC of Congress in the Linked Systems Project, a co- 21 user community from the MARC Web site for operative e∑ort of the Library,the RLG,the OCLC, experimentation with applying FRBR concepts in the British Library, and others. The project uses local environments. computer-to-computer system links in support of During fiscal 2004, more than 500 new MARC resource-sharing activities, such as the maintenance organization codes were assigned to domestic and

96 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 view of the existing mappings of the MARC and Unicode character sets, which resulted in changes published during the fiscal year. The MARC- Maker and MARCBreaker software may now be used with Unicode UTF-8 encoding, allowing those institutions that depended on the programs to convert data to and from MARC 21 and to continue to use the programs even in their current DOS (Disk Operating System) versions. NDMSO sta∑ members continued to serve as database administrator and provided technical expertise for the Minaret classification database, which is used for regular maintenance of the Li- brary of Congress Classification schedules.

National and International Standards Activities. The ﬁrst meeting of the participants in the International Federation of Library Associations and Institu- tions/Conference of Directors of National Li- braries Alliance for Bibliographic Standards was Associate Librarian for Library Services Deanna Marcum established to promote and harmonize standards hosts a reporting session featuring Library sta∑ members who and advance understanding of issues relating to the attended the International Federation of Library Associa- organization and preservation of digital resources. tions and Institutions conference in Buenos Aires in August. The meeting took place at the International Feder- ation of Library Associations and Institutions Con- international MARC format users in the MARC ference in August 2004.This experimental alliance Code List for Organizations. NDMSO began de- involves the Library and the national libraries of signing a new system for requesting, assigning, and Australia, Germany,the Netherlands, Portugal, and managing those codes to replace the existing online the United Kingdom. Through NDMSO, the Li- request forms and search system. brary has responsibility for activities in the follow- In other activities relating to MARC, NDMSO ing areas: MARC 21, Z39.50/SRW, metadata and continued to develop and maintain several map- XML schemas, and persistent identiﬁers. pings between MARC 21 and other specialized In April, NISO established a Metasearch Com- data sets available on its Web site, including Dublin mittee, and two NDMSO sta∑ members played an Core, METS, MODS, and ONIX—the publish- important role in its work. Metasearch refers to ing industry’s online information exchange format. the ability to search across multiple sources, using Those mappings play an important role in meta- di∑erent protocols.The SRW implementers group data transformations, which allow libraries and is working closely with this NISO group, because other users of bibliographic data to move infor- SRW will be one of the crucial protocols used by mation from one structural standard to another, metasearch. NDMSO sta∑ members are coordi- especially for XML-based transformations. The nating the development of search requirements to Library, RLG, and OCLC undertook a major re- ensure that SRW can support them.

library services 97

Office of the Librarian

he Library sponsored a third annual Na- During the year, the Library sponsored hundreds tional Book Festival on October 4, 2003, of events for members of Congress as well as the Tagain hosted by First Lady Laura Bush. public, including a memorial service for former Li- Held on the National Mall and featuring more brarian of Congress Daniel Boorstin, who died on than eighty authors and illustrators, the festival at- February 28. A prize-winning historian, Boorstin tracted tens of thousands of visitors.At year’s end, held the position of Librarian of Congress from plans were under way for the 2004 National Book 1975 to 1987,and then continued to serve as Librar- Festival, to be held on October 9. ian Emeritus until his death at the age of 89. Dur- The Library’s highest priority during ﬁscal 2004 ing his tenure, he established the Center for the remained the security of its sta∑ members, visitors, Book in the Library. A cybercast of the memorial collections, and facilities. In coordination with service is accessible on the Library’s Web site at other agencies on Capitol Hill, the Library con- http://www.loc.gov/locvideo/boorstin. tinued upgrading its perimeter security, entrance and exit screening procedures, emergency pre- National Book Festival paredness capabilities, and internal controls safeguarding the Library’s priceless collections. The The third National Book Festival was held on Oc- Library’s O≈ce of Security and Emergency Pre- tober 4 on the grounds of the National Mall. Once paredness moved forward on the Library’s Secu- again, devoted booklovers turned out by the thou- rity Enhancement Implementation Plan for major sands—about 70,000—for the most ambitious physical security improvements while also focus- National Book Festival to date with more than ing on emergency preparedness. eighty authors, illustrators, poets, and storytellers. (See also Appendix E: National Book Festival The northwest gallery, restored to its original use as an exhi- Sponsors and Participants.) bition hall, includes lunettes by Gari Melchers. “War” depicts The evening before the festival, the Library a victorious tribal chief crowned in laurel and returning home. hosted a gala in the Thomas Je∑erson Building.At

99 a program in the Coolidge Auditorium, Librarian public a∑airs broadcast Face the Nation,talked of Congress James H. Billington and First Lady about books as the place where dreams begin. Laura Bush welcomed the audience, which in- Best-selling author Tom Clancy, who appeared cluded President George W. Bush, congressional only at the gala program, discussed the evolution representatives, Cabinet secretaries, leaders in the of ﬁction. Gayle Ross, an author, storyteller, and business community, distinguished guests of the descendent of John Ross, principal chief of the White House and Library, the festival’s authors, Cherokee Nation during the infamous Trail of and its generous donors. On stage, Bob Schie∑er, Tears, described the wisdom and power of Native an author and the renowned anchor of the Sunday American stories and teachings. Stephen Carter,

Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and First Lady Laura Bush welcome more than eighty authors, illustrators, storytellers, and poets to the National Book Festival.

100 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 the William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at the United States to share their special voices. The Yale University and author of the best-selling Home and Family Pavilion featured a well-received book The Emperor of Ocean Park, reflected on how mix of celebrity chefs, gardeners, and home decora- reading engages the intellect and emotions. Julie tors, including French chef Jacques Pépin; the Andrews, one of the most beloved figures in the award-winning chef and owner of The Inn at Little world of entertainment and the author of many Washington, Patrick O’Connell; literary gardeners children’s books, concluded the program by ad- Barbara Damrosch and P.Allen Smith; Paige Davis dressing the importance of reading to children. and Frank Bielec of the hit cable television program That same evening, a reception was held for par- Trading Spaces;and the Dare to Repair team of Julie ticipants of both the Let’s Read America I Pavilion Sussman and Stephanie Glakas-Tenet, spouses of and the Pavilion of the States in the newly re- Central Intelligence Agency employees (George stored National Botanic Garden. This year was Tenet was then CIA director). the first time an event had been organized just for The varied program attracted large crowds with the participants. It provided an opportunity for well-known authors, illustrators, and storytellers, the individuals sta≈ng the pavilions to share ideas such as David Baldacci, Stan and Jan Berenstain, with each other on reading promotion activities. Michael Beschloss, Michael Connelly, Carmen Early the next morning, after a White House Agra Deedy, Nelson DeMille, Dana Gioia, Julia breakfast for the festival’s authors, organizers, and Glass, Steven Kellogg, Wally Lamb, Mary Pope donors, the first lady shared the stage in the East Osborne, James Patterson, Alma Powell, Anita Room with the Librarian of Congress; authors Shreve, R. L. Stine, and Juan Williams. Seven of Walter Isaacson, Pat Conroy,and Catherine Coul- the festival participants were winners of major na- ter; and National Basketball Association all-star- tional book awards, including Eric Rohmann, win- turned-author Bob Lanier. Isaacson, who wrote ner of the 2003 Caldecott Medal; Avi, winner of Benjamin Franklin and the Invention of America,noted the 2003 Newbery Medal; and Nikki Grimes, win- that Franklin—a voracious reader, a prolific writer, ner of the 2003 Coretta Scott King Author Award. and the nation’s first librarian—“would have loved In a morning session, National Basketball Associ- the book festival.” Conroy, describing the unex- ation Hall of Famers Bob Lanier and Willis Reed pected result of his mother’s reading to her children were joined by Women’s National Basketball As- from The Diary of Anne Frank, left the crowd in sociation player Stacy Dales-Schuman and the re- gales of laughter. Catherine Coulter spoke about cently retired Rebecca Lobo to promote the asso- her writing, and Bob Lanier talked about the Na- ciations’ “Read to Achieve” program. They invited tional Basketball Association’s “Read to Achieve” children on stage to read aloud with them from program, which has opened more than 60 reading Lanier’s book, It’s All in the Name. Former player and computer centers nationwide for children. and current coach Sam Vincent and Women’s Na- The festival again included the pavilions that tional Basketball Association stars Kara Lawson proved so popular at the second festival: Fiction and Tamika Williams led the afternoon’s audience and Imagination, Mysteries and Thrillers, History participation session. and Biography, Storytelling, Teens and Children, Long lines formed to hop on board Scholastic’s and Children. This year, two new pavilions were Magic School Bus, and thousands of children re- added to the lineup: (1) Poetry and (2) Home and ceived free photos of themselves with their favorite Family.In the new Poetry Pavilion, thirteen poets of PBS KIDS characters: Arthur, the Berenstain di∑erent ethnic backgrounds came from all over Bears, Caillou, Ord from Dragon Tales,Sagwa the

office of the librarian 101 Chinese Siamese cat, Cli∑ord the Big Red Dog, Places through Reading” was again very popular and many others.At the book signings throughout with children, who got a stamp or sticker from the day, festival-goers patiently waited for the op- each of the states. This year, a number of festival portunity to meet their favorite author and to get authors such as David Baldacci and Jane Yolen their books autographed. joined other well-known state authors such as Julie National reading promotion and literacy pro- Baker and poet Kathryn Akipa to spend time at grams from organizations as varied as the Ameri- their state’s table. Christie Vilsak, Iowa’s first lady can Booksellers Association, First Book, National and founder of Iowa Reads and the Iowa Center Book Foundation, National Institute for Literacy, for the Book, was a welcome addition to the sta∑ Reading Is Fundamental, and Recording for the from the center and state library; she greeted thou- Blind and Dyslexic were again highlighted in the sands of enthusiastic reading fans. Let’s Read America I Pavilion. In contrast, the Let’s The Library of Congress demonstrated some of Read America II Pavilion was filled with an array its programs, products, and services in a separate of fun, family-oriented activities to spark kids’ pavilion. Approximately 160 sta∑ members pro- imaginations.Visitors voted for their favorite books vided information about the following: supplying on AT&T’s Library Wall by filling in the book free services for the blind or physically handi- spine labels with their nominations. There were capped; preserving family books, albums, photo- musical performances by José Luis Orozco, a mul- graphs, prints, and other treasures; registering a ticultural educator who was brought to the festival novel, poem, song, photograph, or other creative by Scholastic Inc. Children posed for pictures in work for copyright; exploring the world of the on- Target’s Big Red Chair and learned about Target’s line American Memory Historical Collections and “Letters about Literature” program. Parents picked the Learning Page, designed for teachers, students, up brochures from In2Books and Half Price Books and parents; conducting genealogy and local his- that promoted literacy and provided a wealth of tory research; and finding out about materials in tips on how to get children reading. The latter the Area Studies Reading Rooms.Throughout the company also presented an award and a copy of Say day, federal librarians sta∑ed a table and made Good Night to Illiteracy to the Librarian of Congress available postcards for holiday greetings that Army, for “creating public interest in books, reading, liter- Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force librarians will acy, and libraries.”Young journalists under the age send to troops along with book kits. There were of twelve learned what it was like to conduct inter- special presentations, such as an introduction to views on their own when they questioned Julie An- copyright for kids and their families, a Korean pa- drews and the Librarian of Congress in their own per fashion show, and an interactive session where special press conference. the audience met the Librarian and asked him All fifty states, the District of Columbia, and the questions. The Library’s Veterans History Project trusts and territories participated in the Pavilion of had a tent near the History and Biography Pavil- the States, which was sta∑ed by individuals from ion, where veterans could learn how to record their around the country.Throughout the day,the pavil- own story or people could find out about recording ion was packed with adults and children talking to the story of a veteran in their family. state representatives and picking up materials on The biographer of Lyndon B. Johnson and Pul- state reading promotion programs, local book fes- itzer Prize–winning author Robert Caro deliv- tivals, and famous state authors.A special map and ered the festival’s closing remarks. He talked about new booklist for the brochure “Discover Great the importance in books of a sense of place (that

102 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 The Library of Congress demonstrated its services and resources in its own pavilion at the National Book Festival. is, where actions in the book occur) and then re- In addition to several hundred of the Library’s lated that concept to the forces that shaped the life sta∑ members and the Visitor Services’ volunteers, of Johnson. volunteers from area libraries,other institutions,and The National Book Festival was made possible by businesses provided support for the festival. Nearly many generous donors, including the festival’s char- 300 members of the Junior League of Washington ter sponsors AT&T and the Washington Post; its pa- joined the volunteer ranks for the ﬁrst time and lent trons AARP,the James Madison Council, the Na- crucial assistance to the festival’s operation. tional Endowment for the Arts and Nancy and Rich Kinder (Kinder Foundation), Target Stores, and Congressional Relations Office WorkPlaceUSA; its contributors Barnes & Noble, the Coca-Cola Company,Half Price Books,the Na- The Congressional Relations O≈ce (CRO) is the tional Basketball Association and Women’s Na- primary point of contact between the Library and tional Basketball Association,PBS,Penguin Group members of Congress, congressional committees, (USA),Scholastic Inc.,US Airways,and Nina Zolt and congressional sta∑ members for all functions and Miles Gilburne (cofounders,In2Books); and its other than legislative research. In ﬁscal 2004, the friends Chevy Chase Bank, the Institute of Mu- o≈ce responded to more than 8,000 congres- seum and Library Services, and the National En- sional inquiries about the Library’s holdings, ac- dowment for the Humanities. tivities, policies, and facilities. CRO prepared

office of the librarian 103 The Congressional Relations O≈ce and the O≈ce of Communications launched “The Library of Congress Comes to Your Hometown” in Ohio. Pictured (from left) are Larry Caldwell, president of the board of directors of the Pritchard-Laughlin Civic Center in Cambridge, Ohio; Representative Robert W. Ney (R-Ohio); Wayne Lawson, executive director of the Ohio Arts Council; and the Librarian of Congress. o≈cial correspondence for the Librarian and The Library received funding for mandatory pay Deputy Librarian in response to inquiries from and price-level increases; for the Library’s National members of Congress. CRO also prepared nu- Audio-Visual Conservation Center in Culpeper, merous briefings, position papers, fact sheets, and Virginia; and for a portion of its request for phys- policy analyses for members of Congress, congres- ical security priorities. The fiscal 2004 budget for sional sta∑ members, and Library o≈cials on issues the Architect of the Capitol (AOC) included up to and legislation a∑ecting the Library. $10 million for a tunnel linking the Je∑erson Build- ing to the new Capitol Visitor Center. Congress Appropriations. On September 30, 2003, President also agreed to the assignment of twenty-three U.S. George W.Bush signed Public Law 108–83, the Fis- Capitol Police o≈cers to the Library, but congres- cal Year 2004 Legislative Branch Appropriations sional committees have not yet approved a plan Bill (H.R. 2657). The measure authorized an ap- for the proposed merger of Library Police with the propriation of $562,619,000, including authority to U.S. Capitol Police. spend $36,514,000 in receipts. However, Public The Library’s budget request for fiscal 2005 to- Law 108–199, signed by the president on January 24, taled $602.3 million, including authority to spend 2004, called for a 0.59 percent rescission of federal $39.7 million in receipts ($43 million above the agency budgets, which resulted in an appropria- fiscal 2004 level).This level of funding would sup- tion for the Library of $559,299,548, including port eighty additional full-time-equivalent posi- $36,298,567 in receipts. tions. The Librarian and other Library o≈cials

104 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 testified on the Library budget before the Senate the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center Subcommittee on Legislative Branch Appropria- in Culpeper,Virginia; the development of the Li- tions on March 11, 2004, and before the House brary’s workforce at a time when many sta∑ mem- Subcommittee on Legislative Branch Appropria- bers will be eligible to retire; the activities of the tions on May 12, 2004. (See also Appendix B: The Kluge Center for scholars; the National Book Librarian’s Testimony.) Festival; the significant new acquisitions; the ne- The major focus of the Library’s submission was gotiations for a proposed police merger with the funding for mandatory pay raises and price-level Capitol Police and its e∑ect on overall Capitol increases. Other essential increases were requested security; and the reauthorization of the National for acquisition, preservation and storage of collec- Film Preservation Program. tions, and security-related initiatives.The Librarian also spoke emphatically in support of two major Veterans History Project. Throughout the year, CRO capital improvement projects: one for continued continued to work closely with sta∑ members from transition support of the National Audio-Visual the Veterans History Project so they can coordinate Conservation Center, and the other to construct all aspects of congressional activity,including raising climate-controlled storage Modules 3 and 4, as congressional awareness of the project and encour- well as a copyright-deposit storage facility, at Fort aging congressional participation. CRO assisted Meade, Maryland.At fiscal year’s end, the Legisla- with congressional mailings and kept sponsors of tive Branch Appropriations Bill was still pending, the legislation that created the project informed and the Library began operating on a Continuing about the program’s activities and progress. Resolution.* A particular focus in 2004 was the dedication of the National World War II Memorial during the Joint Committee on the Library Meeting. The Joint Memorial Day weekend. Forty-five members of Committee on the Library held its organizing Congress participated in Library activities with the meeting on March 3, 2004. The committee has Veterans History Project during the weekend. oversight of the Library, Botanic Gardens, and CRO coordinated a display of oral histories al- certain functions of the AOC.The Librarian was ready collected and other Library special collec- invited to update the committee on the Library’s tion items for a reunion of the Flying Tigers that operation.The Librarian also briefly outlined the was held in the Capitol and was hosted by Senator challenges facing the Library at a time when it is Ted Stevens (R-Alaska).The Library held an open incorporating a new digital library into its tradi- house on Capitol Hill for three days for con- tional archival collections. Specific activities dis- stituents who were in town to attend the memorial cussed included the Library’s request for funding dedication, where they could learn about the proj- for two major collection storage modules in Fort ect, arrange for veterans to be interviewed, and re- Meade, Maryland; the status of construction of ceive tours of the Library. Representatives Ron Kind (D-Wis.) and Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) addressed constituents at the open house on the day *The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2005 (PL 108–447), signed by the president on December 8,2004,provided a fiscal of the memorial’s dedication. Finally,Senator John 2005 appropriation for the Library of $589,587,000. This Warner (R-Va.) and Representatives Kind, Amo public law also called for a 0.8 percent rescission of federal Houghton (R-N.Y.), Marcy Kaptur (D-Ohio), agency budgets,which resulted in an appropriation for the Library of $584,870,304, including authority to spend and Steny Hoyer (D-Md.) participated in activities $39,508,384 in receipts. in the project’s pavilion on the National Mall.

office of the librarian 105 National Book Festival. CRO sta∑ members assisted Congress, CRO worked to lay the groundwork to with the Library’s 2003 National Book Festival seek congressional approval of its proposal in the held on October 4. CRO helped plan an enlarged 109th Congress. Pavilion of the States—a very popular destination with festival visitors who were curious to learn Congressional Events. In fiscal 2004, members of about literacy programs in their states. The previ- Congress hosted more than 100 events at the Li- ous evening, the Library held a gala event in the brary. CRO coordinated a large number of con- Great Hall for participating authors, various gressional lectures, symposia, policy meetings, and donors, and more than 200 invited special guests. receptions held in the Members Room and other Actor and author Julie Andrews was one of the Library facilities throughout the year. CRO also as- featured authors for this event. sisted with congressional participation in Library- sponsored events, including a massive volunteer National Film Preservation Program Reauthorization. e∑ort from Library sta∑ members to interview vet- CRO continued its work to reauthorize the Na- erans during the opening on the Mall of the new tional Film Preservation Program, last reauthorized World War II Memorial on the weekend of May in 1996. Reauthorization language was included 29–30. Congressional events coordinated by CRO in House and Senate legislation (S. 1923 and H.R. included the following: 3569) and folded into other authorizing legislation (H.R. 2391 and S. 2863), as well as the appro- ¶ On October 28 and 29, 2003, Representative priations bill for the legislative branch. At year’s Jerry Weller (R-Ill.) and the House Republican end, Congress had not yet convened to consider Conference cohosted a “fly-in” program for the those bills. state of Illinois district o≈ces outreach coordinators. The outreach coordinators met in both the Human Capital Legislative Initiative. At the direction Members Room and Whittall Pavilion for all-day of the chief of sta∑, CRO convened a working meetings. group to analyze and present recommendations ¶ Senator Thomas A. Daschle (D-S.D.) hosted a for legislative changes to the Library’s personnel series of policy meetings that were for the Senate and compensation laws. The team, consisting of Democratic Caucus members and were held in the CRO, Human Resources, and the O≈ce of the Members Room and in room LJ119 on January 29 General Counsel, reviewed all recently enacted and 30, 2004. or introduced legislation a∑ording agencies more flexibility in recruiting, retaining, and compen- ¶ On February 25–26, the Senate Republican sating federal employees, as well as other creative Conference hosted a reception in the Great Hall ways to retool a workforce to meet changing de- for the first annual American Indian Tribal Lead- mands. The team determined that Congress has ers conference, hosted by Senators William Frist given executive agencies much more flexibility (R-Tenn.) and Rick Santorum (R-Pa.). than exists for the legislative branch. With input ¶ The House Republican leadership meeting was from the Library’s Executive Committee and the held in the Members Room on March 31. service units, the team drafted legislative language and support documents and then briefed key ¶ CRO sta∑ members participated on the plan- oversight sta∑ members on the Library’s proposal. ning team of the sixth Annual House Services Fair, Given other legislative priorities for the 108th held on April 14, 2004. Coordinated by the chief

106 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 administrative o≈cer of the House of Representa- six corporations giving $2.2 million; thirty-six as- tives, this annual event provides the Library with sociations, councils, and societies giving $2.6 mil- an opportunity to share information on its activi- lion; and forty-two foundations and sixteen trusts ties and congressional services with House sta∑ and estates giving $1 million each. Those gifts, in- members. cluding $612,000 received through the Library’s Planned Giving Program, were made to ninety ¶ The Library hosted a reception on May 11 for the di∑erent Library funds and consisted of $6.6 mil- opening of the exhibition titled “With an Even lion in cash gifts, $4.3 million in new pledges, and Hand”: Brown v. Board at Fifty. The event was well $62,000 in in-kind gifts. The Library forged new attended by a number of members of Congress. partnerships with 300 first-time donors, including Representative John Lewis (D-Ga.) delivered a 230 individuals; twenty-one associations, councils, stirring speech. and societies; thirty-one corporations; eleven foun- ¶ On June 8–9, the Senate Republican Confer- dations; and seven trusts, estates, and embassies. ence held several all-day meetings for the Histori- Those new donors gave $4.1 million, representing cally Black Colleges and Universities. On the eve- 37 percent of the gifts received this year. Thirteen ning of June 8, a special reception was held in the new gift and trust funds were established. Great Hall to commemorate five years of contin- Private gifts supported a variety of new and con- ued success between the Senate and House Re- tinuing programs throughout the Library, includ- publican Conference and the nation’s Historically ing exhibitions, acquisitions, symposia, and other Black Colleges and Universities. The meetings scholarly programs, as well as the fourth National were hosted by Senator Rick Santorum (R-Pa.). Book Festival, which was set for October 9, 2004. The charter sponsors of the 2004 festival were ¶ On July 20, House Speaker J. Dennis Hastert AT&T,the Institute of Museum and Library Serv- (R-Ill.) and Lynne Cheney, wife of the vice presi- ices,Target Stores, and the Washington Post. Patrons dent, addressed the press in the Members Room. included AARP, Jones International University, The event was hosted by House Republican Chair the James Madison Council, the National Endow- Deborah Pryce (R-Ohio). ment for the Arts, and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. The ¶ During the week of the Congressional Black donors—along with others—gave nearly $1 mil- Caucus Annual Legislation Conference, the Con- lion to support the festival. gressional Black Caucus held its fifth annual re- Other major gifts received during fiscal 2004 inception in the Great Hall on September 10. This cluded the following: event was cohosted by Representatives James E. ¶ $2.5 million from the International Center for Clyburn (D-S.C.), Frank Balance (D-N.C.), and the Integration of Health and Spirituality to es- Melvin L. Watt (D-N.C.). Several members of tablish the David B. Larson Fellowship in Health Congress attended the a∑air. and Spirituality in the Library’s John W. Kluge Center as a permanent endowment for the support Development Office of a residential fellowship During fiscal 2004, the Library’s fund-raising activ- ¶ $2 million from John W. Kluge to support the ities brought in a total of $11 million, representing Leadership Development Program, which provides 828 gifts from 713 donors. The donor categories in- opportunities for individuals from diverse back- cluded 543 individuals giving $4.3 million; seventy- grounds who have potential for greater responsibility

office of the librarian 107 John W. Kluge, right, whose generosity funds the Library’s Leadership Development Program, gives advice to program participants as the Librarian of Congress looks on. to participate in developmental experiences in pro- Program, the annual lecture, and the publication of fessional administrative positions at the Library of a catalog of the collection Congress ¶ $500,000 from the Ira and Leonore Gershwin ¶ More than $1.5 million from John W.Kluge, the Trusts in support of both the Gershwin collection Kreitman Foundation, H. F.Lenfest, and an anon- and the George and Ira Gershwin room at the Li- ymous donor to acquire retrospective materials for brary,as well as to support other worthy music and the Library’s collections, including the Robert literary projects Blackburn Printmaking Workshop Collection; the Within gift categories by type of programs sup- Gandhari manuscript; and the Alan Lomax Col- ported, the Library received $6.2 million for intern- lection, which contains the unparalleled ethno- ships, symposia, conferences, scholarly programs, graphic documentation collected by the legendary and exhibitions; $2 million for the development and folklorist over a period of sixty years preservation of the collections; $1.8 million for out- ¶ $1 million from the Jay I. Kislak Foundation to reach initiatives, including the National Book Fes- support research and educational outreach pro- tival, the Library’s Web sites, friends’ programs, and grams related to the Jay I. Kislak Collection, in- special events; and $1 million for music, motion pic- cluding the establishment of the Kislak Fellows ture, and recorded-sound initiatives.

108 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 During fiscal 2004,the James Madison Council— In September 2004, forty-six Madison Council the Library’s first private-sector advisory group— members and their spouses or guests joined Li- continued to provide substantial support for a brarian of Congress James H. Billington and Mrs. number of Library initiatives. Five new members Billington and Pulitzer Prize–winning author joined the council. Gifts from members in fiscal David McCullough and Mrs. McCullough for the 2004 totaled $5.9 million, bringing the Madison Madison Council’s sixth Great Libraries of the Council’s total support since 1990 to $159.1 million. World trip. Council members spent ten days in The contributions received this fiscal year provided Amsterdam, London, and Paris retracing the steps the following: of John Adams, second president of the United States; visiting the residences of the U.S. embassy ¶ Support for numerous retrospective acquisi- in each country as the Library’s representatives; tions, including various publications from Iraq, an and bearing witness to the signing of a cooperative eighteenth-century Hebrew and Spanish Bible, an agreement between France’s Bibliothèque nationale American Revolutionary War–era powder horn, and the Library of Congress. and an original George Gershwin letter The Library of Congress Leaders Circle was ini- ¶ Seed money to support the future acquisition of tiated in fiscal 2004. This new membership group Southeast Asian illustrated manuscripts from Thai- was initiated on the recommendation of the Friends land and the archive of the St.Mark’s Poetry Project and Outreach Committee of the Madison Coun- cil that a new group of Library supporters be ¶ Major support for the General Collections formed with a target audience of younger individuals. Like the Madison Council, the Leaders Circle ¶ Support for the fourth National Book Festival; is an invitation-only members group. The mission the Veterans History Project; and the activities of of the Leaders Circle is to make the Library of the Phillips Society, a friends group of the Geog- Congress and its collections, programs, and re- raphy and Maps Division sources universally known and accessible, as well as The Madison Council’s meeting in the fall of to increase involvement with the Library of Con- 2003 was held in conjunction with the awarding of gress through the talent, creativity, influence, and the first John W.Kluge Prize for Lifetime Achieve- resources of a new generation of philanthropic ment in the Human Sciences. The $1 million leadership. The Library of Congress Leaders Cir- prize—made possible by an endowment estab- cle’s Executive Committee was formed in May lished by Madison Council Chairman John W. 2004. The committee held on-site meetings at the Kluge—is given for lifetime achievement in the Library and focused on recruiting members. At humanities and social sciences, areas of scholar- year’s end, the Leaders Circle had nine members. ship for which there are no Nobel Prizes. In April (See also Appendix C: Advisory Groups.) 2004, council members came together for a special concert by country singer and musician Dolly Par- Office of Communications ton. Her performance at the Library and the presentation of the Living Legend Award by Librarian The O≈ce of Communications supported and ad- of Congress James H. Billington were taped for vised the Librarian of Congress and his senior later broadcast on the Great American Country managers about all matters relating to the Library cable television station, which is accessible to more and the media and about the use of the Library’s than 25 million homes. name and logos.

office of the librarian 109 During fiscal 2004, the Public A∑airs O≈ce To d ay ,Publisher’s Weekly,New York Newsday,the Rich- (PAO) within the O≈ce of Communications is- mond Times Dispatch,and the Miami Herald.At year’s sued 206 press releases and public service an- end, PAO was engaged in publicizing the 2004 Na- nouncements, fielded 1,292 phone calls and more tional Book Festival, to be held on October 9, 2004. than 2,496 e-mails, and responded to inquiries from To generate media interest in the upcoming book 221 people who visited the o≈ce.The o≈ce compiled festival, PAO consulted on the production and dis- 1,110 news clippings that mentioned the Library of tribution of an eight-minute video featuring high- Congress,including 422 major news stories that fea- lights of the 2003 National Book Festival. tured the Library’s programs and activities,and then In celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Li- distributed them each week to senior Library o≈- brary,Metromedia president John W.Kluge donated cials. Of those, approximately 100 appeared in in- in 2000 an unprecedented $60 million to support an ternational publications in languages other than academic center where accomplished senior scholars English. As a result of PAO’s e∑orts, the Library of and junior postdoctoral fellows might gather to use Congress had a strong presence in the print and the Library’s incomparable collections and to inter- electronic media this year.Highlights appear below. act with members of Congress. The donation in- Sponsored and organized by the Library of Con- cluded a $1 million Kluge Prize in recognition of a gress and hosted by First Lady Laura Bush, the lifetime of achievement in the human sciences, third National Book Festival was held on Octo- which is comparable to the Nobel Prizes in literature ber 4, 2003.Working with the public relations firm and economics. PAO worked with the public rela- of Fleishman-Hillard, PAO mounted a successful tions firm of Fleishman-Hillard to publicize the in- public relations campaign that built on the success augural award to Polish historian and philosopher of the first two national book festivals. C-SPAN Leszek Kolakowski on November 5, 2003. As a re- again covered the event live, beginning with the sult,the Kluge Prize was featured in more than fifty- gala on the evening of October 3 and continuing five stories in the national and international press,in- with the opening ceremony the following morning. cluding the New York Times,the Washington Post,The Eight hours of coverage followed, including inter- NewsHour with Jim Lehrer,NPR’s Morning Edition, views with authors and festival organizers. The AP,PAP Newswire,the Chicago Tribune,USA Today, 2003 National Book Festival generated more than Gazeta, Deutsche Presse-Agentur, and CNN Interna- 200 stories and mentions in the national and in- tional. Specifically, Roll Call quoted Senator Ted ternational press, including CNN, NBC, the As- Stevens (R-Alaska): “This award is the capstone of sociated Press (AP), United Press International the Kluge Center’s mission to bring the world’s lead- (UPI), Cox News Service, USA Today,the Wash- ing thinkers to the Library and recognizes an area of ington Post,the Los Angeles Times,the New York scholarship for which there are no Nobel Prizes. . . . Times,the Chicago Tribune,the New York Daily News, Prof. Leszek Kolakowski deserves this high honor the Guardian (London), Time, and Time for Kids. for his lifetime vision, courage, and commitment to UPI wrote that “the National Book Festival has freedom and tolerance.” risen in stature to rival the Kennedy Center Hon- “The Library of Congress Comes to Your Home- ors in celebrating and distinguishing excellence in town”—a pilot program initiated by PAO to show- American culture....The National Book Festival case the Library’s resources in towns across the is now a Washington institution.”The festival con- nation—debuted in Ohio during November 14–17, tinued to garner press mentions throughout the 2003. Working with Representative Robert W. year in outlets such as the Washington Post, USA Ney (R-Ohio) and the Ohio Arts Council, the

110 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Library sponsored workshops and programs about Division set up and sta∑ed a temporary media the Veterans History Project, the Library’s digital center equipped with eighteen workstations on resources, and other initiatives in Cleveland, which to view a digitized ﬁnding aid to the collec- Columbus, and Cambridge, Ohio. Those events tion, eight of the most controversial Supreme were covered by the Cleveland Plain Dealer,the Daily Court cases, and thirty-eight videotapes containing Je∑ersonian in Cambridge, and the Columbus Dis- oral interviews with Blackmun.As expected, nearly patch. The Zanesville, Ohio, television station 100 stories on the opening of the Blackmun Papers (WHIZ) interviewed Representative Ney,Wayne were carried by national and local print, broadcast, Lawson of the Ohio Arts Council, the Librarian of and newswire outlets. They included ABC, CBS, Congress, and Library sta∑ members who partici- CNN, NBC, The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer,NPR, pated in the event. the Washington Post,the New York Times, USA To- Major Library collections and acquisitions day, AP, and UPI. Several members of the press drew media attention, including the opening to took the time to personally thank the Library for the public of Supreme Court Justice Harry A. its extraordinary e∑orts to accommodate the media Blackmun’s papers and the acquisition of the Alan during this busy period. They included Chuck Lomax collection. To accommodate the antici- Lane, the Washington Post; Pete Williams, NBC pated high demand for access to the Blackmun News; Tony Mauro, Legal Times/American Lawyer Papers immediately following their public open- Media; and Anne Gearan, AP. In an article about ing on March 4, 2004, PAO and the Manuscript her experiences researching the Blackmun Papers,

CNN reporters William Mears and Marna Palmer research the papers of Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun in a temporary media center set up for the press.

office of the librarian 111 New York Times reporter Linda Greenhouse wrote, Parade, USA Today,and the Washington Post,and on “The reading room of the Library of Congress’s newswires such as AP and UPI. The VHP has Manuscript Division was unlike any place I had also been featured in military trade publications ever spent time....The rules,the reasons for such as Soldiers Magazine, Stars & Stripes,and Army which are completely understandable, help create a News. Local as well as national television and radio kind of community of worshippers at the shrine of stations have covered the VHP, including CNN, the original document.” CBS Evening News, The Bob Edwards Show on XM The March 24 announcement that the American Satellite Radio, NPR, and the VHP and Public Folklife Center in the Library of Congress had ac- Radio International series titled Experiencing War. quired the Alan Lomax Collection was covered by The unprecedented reunion of World War II vet- AP,CNN,NPR,the New York Times,the Washing- erans on the National Mall on Memorial Day ton Post, Daily Variety, Roll Call,and The Hill. This weekend to mark the opening of the new World unparalleled ethnographic documentation collected War II Memorial provided an opportunity for by the legendary folklorist over a period of sixty VHP sta∑ members and volunteers to collect and years, coupled with the material acquired by his fa- preserve veterans’ stories. The VHP’s participa- ther, John Lomax, during the latter’s tenure at the tion in this event garnered press attention from Library’s Archive of American Folk Song during more than seventy journalists, representing media the 1930s and 1940s, brings the entire collection to- outlets such as USA Today,theWashington Post, gether for the first time at the Library of Congress. the Los Angeles Times,NPR’s All Things Considered, In March, the Librarian of Congress announced CNN, and CBS Evening News with Dan Rather. the second annual selection of fifty sound record- The opening of three major Library exhibitions ings to the National Recording Registry. Under generated more than 200 stories and mentions in the terms of the National Recording Preservation the national and international media. Churchill and Act of 2000, the Librarian is responsible for se- the Great Republic; “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. lecting recordings annually that are “culturally,his- Board at Fifty;and From Haven to Home: 350 Years of torically, or aesthetically significant.” Like the in- Jewish Life in America were covered by media outlets augural selections, this year’s selections celebrate such as the New York Times,the Washington Post,the many milestones in the history of sound recording Washington Times, Washingtonian magazine, the Bal- in America—from Emile Berliner’s gramophone timore Sun, U.S. News and World Report, CNBC, recording of “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” (1888) to CNN, The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer,AP,and Gan- Bruce Springsteen’s Born to Run album (1975). The nett. President George W.Bush’s speech delivered Librarian’s announcement resulted in more than at the Library on the occasion of the opening of the fifty stories and mentions in print, television, and Churchill exhibition generated huge media atten- radio, including the New York Times,the Los Ange- tion.The event was carried live by some of the tel- les Times, AP, UPI, Variety, Billboard,CNN, evision networks, and articles ran in the national CNBC, and CBS Radio. and international press, including Newsweek,AP, The Library’s grassroots e∑ort to record and pre- UPI, Agence France Presse,theLondon Times,and serve veterans’ memories through its congression- the Philadelphia Inquirer. ally mandated Veterans History Project (VHP) The August announcement of the appointment remained a favorite story with the American press. of the newest poet laureate consultant in poetry, Throughout the year, hundreds of articles ap- Ted Kooser, for the 2004–2005 term brought a peared in national and local newspapers, including wave of media attention in the form of radio, tele-

112 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 vision, and newspaper stories. Stories appeared in The o≈ce continued to be responsible for many the New York Times, New York Times Magazine,the aspects of the Library’s most popular public face, its Washington Post, Roll Call,the Los Angeles Times,the World Wide Web site, which remained a “best site,” Lincoln Journal-Star,the Philadelphia Inquirer,the Om- according to publications such as PC Magazine. aha World-Herald,Publisher’s Weekly,the Sunday Star- The o≈ce also published the Library’s two Times (Auckland, New Zealand), USA Today,and monthly publications, Library of Congress Informa- British Broadcasting Corporation online. Stories tion Bulletin and the Calendar of Events, as well as a issued by AP,Reuters, and UPI were picked up by weekly sta∑ newsletter, the Gazette.The Bulletin other media outlets. In addition, the new poet lau- contained reviews of Library activities such as con- reate was interviewed by The Bob Edwards Show on certs, lectures, symposia, new publications, and an- XM Satellite Radio, NPR’s All Things Considered, nouncements of new acquisitions and exhibitions. and The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. Cover stories highlighted special events such as the In 2000, the U.S. Congress asked the Library of third National Book Festival; the awarding of the Congress to lead the e∑ort to preserve the nation’s John W. Kluge Prize; the opening of the Black- digital resources. On September 30, 2004, the Li- mun Papers; and three major exhibitions: Churchill brary’s National Digital Information Infrastruc- and the Great Republic; Brown v. Board at Fifty;and ture and Preservation Program advanced this goal From Haven to Home. by announcing awards totaling $13.9 million to The Gazette, which published forty-three issues, eight lead institutions and their partners to iden- reported on the Library’s budget progress through tify,collect, and preserve historically important dig- the legislative process, exhibition openings, new ital material. The announcement received wide- acquisitions, myriad talks by guest speakers, and spread media attention, including a feature in the sta∑ news. Several issues covered the events of the New York Times “Circuits” section. third National Book Festival, and three issues were During the year, PAO coordinated and facilitated devoted to the recording of veterans’ stories by the more than ﬁfty news and documentary productions VHP during the World War II Reunion in May. featuring the Library and its collections. Requests In cooperation with the Publishing O≈ce, PAO to showcase the Library in broadcasts came from compiled and produced the Annual Report of the BBC, CBS, Christian Broadcasting Network, Librarian of Congress for the Fiscal Year Ending Sep- CNN, C-SPAN, Discovery Channel, Fox, History tember 30, 2003. Channel, Middle East Broadcasting, NBC, NHK, PAO continued its leadership role with the Li- NPR, PBS, Public Radio International, Senal brary-wide Internet Operations Group, spearhead- Colombia, Seoul Broadcasting System, Tokyo ing the group’s complete reorganization and the de- Broadcasting Systems, TV One Network, and velopment of working subcommittees.A PAO sta∑ Voice of America. Among the most notable was a member serves as one of three chairs of the group, documentary on Russia’s Culture Channel that which oversees and coordinates new initiatives of showcased the Library of Congress as one of the the Library’s award-winning Web site.PAO contin- world’s greatest libraries.The Library’s Main Read- ued to publish and maintain The Library Today (a ing Room was the focus of a segment of PBS’s Globe regularly updated page of news and event informa- Trekker that highlighted landmarks in Washington, tion), the Library Calendar of Events Page, the on- D.C.The Librarian of Congress was frequently in- line version of the Library of Congress Information Bul- terviewed by various media outlets, including Fox letin,News Releases,and CyberLC (the home of the News Sunday with Chris Wallace. Library’s audio and video Webcasts), as well as the

office of the librarian 113 Poetry 180 Web site, which was conceived by Poet and to a number of sensitive and confidential legal Laureate Billy Collins to introduce high school stu- questions posed by senior Library o≈cials. dents to a poem each day during the academic year. The OGC participated in seventy-nine federal PAO continued to promote the America’s Li- court and administrative cases during the year, brary Web site (http://www.americaslibrary.gov) including the fifty-nine cases carried over from for children and families, which o∑ers interesting fiscal 2003. Of those seventy-nine cases, the o≈ce historical stories and interactive activities.The site, closed thirty-eight during the year. The Library one of the Library’s most popular, handled 218 mil- won fourteen administrative cases (including lion hits in fiscal 2004, and more than 750 million eight dismissals), settled seven, and lost one. At hits since it debuted on April 24, 2000, the 200th federal court, the Library won ten cases (includ- birthday of the Library. ing seven dismissals) and settled six cases. Three Working with the Ad Council, PAO has over- of the cases are on appeal to the U.S. Court of seen a successful public service campaign advertis- Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In ing the America’s Library Web site, as well at the two additional cases that the Library won at the Library’s home site at http://www.loc.gov. The U.S. district court level, plainti∑s have appealed campaign—one of the council’s top ten most suc- to District of Columbia Circuit. Four other cases cessful campaigns in its history—has resulted in are on direct appeal to the District of Columbia nearly $185 million in donated radio, television, and Circuit.At the end of the year, forty-one cases re- Internet ads since 2000. The campaign includes mained open. publicity for the monthly “Wise Guide to loc.gov,” The OGC continued to work in close coordina- which introduces newcomers to the educational tion and cooperation with the O≈ce of Workforce and useful resources available on the Library’s Web Management and the O≈ce of Workforce Diver- site. PAO continued to maintain and publish this sity on adverse action and matters regarding equal magazine-style feature, which PC Magazine de- employment opportunities. Specifically,the OGC scribed as “delightful . . . a quick way to discover met regularly with Library managers to ensure that many of the site’s buried treasure.” all disciplinary actions were taken in accordance The o≈ce’s other information-sharing e∑orts for with relevant rules and regulations.The o≈ce con- sta∑ members included approval of flyers to be tinued to disseminate administrative and district posted in Library buildings about Library events, court decisions to managers to inform them of how dissemination of 128 important electronic mail the decisions were reached. broadcast messages—a function rendered more During the year, the o≈ce worked with the O≈ce critical in the post-9/11 climate of increased secu- of Contracts and Grants Management, the O≈ce rity—and management of the information kiosk in of the Inspector General, and the O≈ce of the front of the Madison Building. Chief Financial O≈cer to streamline the review process for contracts and to provide guidance to contracting o≈cers.As a result, the OGC examines Office of the General Counsel for legal su≈ciency only procurement contracts of During the year, the O≈ce of the General Coun- supplies and services in excess of $100,000. In fiscal sel (OGC) responded to nearly 1,000 formal re- 2004, the o≈ce reviewed thirty such contracts.The quests for legal opinions from Library units and improvements also resulted in OGC’s reviewing managers. In addition, the OGC responded to nu- only those expert and consultant contracts in excess merous informal requests from Library managers of $25,000.This year, the o≈ce examined forty such

114 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 contracts. The OGC’s legal guidance to the FED- federal libraries and that the FEDLINK revolving LINK (Federal Library and Information Network) fund was not depleted by the failure of one vendor. program included the review and approval of many To decrease future risks to the FEDLINK pro- administrative documents. In fiscal 2004, FED- gram and its customer agencies, the OGC worked LINK issued more than 3,300 new contracts for a with the Contracts O≈ce and FEDLINK to re- total contract value of more than $94 million. The quire more rigorous, ongoing demonstrations of contracts covered services such as serials acquisi- the solvency of the vendors o∑ered through the tions, book acquisitions, information retrieval, doc- program. ument delivery, and interlibrary loan services. The OGC also is responsible for reviewing or- A major accomplishment for the OGC during ders from state courts and federal courts that a∑ect the year was the resolution of a bankruptcy pro- the take-home pay of individual employees. After ceeding that threatened the financial stability of the OGC concludes that an order is legally en- the FEDLINK program. One of FEDLINK’s forceable, the o≈ce sends a memorandum to Hu- primary suppliers of publication was Faxon/ man Resources Services for processing into the RoweCom (RoweCom). In February 2003, that payroll system. During fiscal 2004, the OGC re- company filed for bankruptcy, which meant that viewed 116 court orders relating to garnishments or FEDLINK’s customers would no longer receive attachments. Such orders involve child support, many of the publications on which their libraries commercial garnishment, bankruptcy,and student and agency sta∑ rely.Shortly thereafter, the Library loan defaults. terminated the FEDLINK-RoweCom contracts The OGC advised Library o≈cials on numer- for default and established new serials contracts for ous ethical issues, including outside employment, more than sixty agencies a∑ected by the bankruptcy. conflicts of interest, travel, and gifts. The o≈ce In fiscal 2004, the Library pursued its $2.6 mil- also reviewed 384 financial disclosure reports filed lion contract claim against the bankrupt company, by Library o≈cials in accordance with the Ethics demanding refund of subscription payments as in Government Act (5 U.S. Code Appendix 4, §§ well as administrative and repurchase costs in- 101 et seq.). In fiscal 2004, the o≈ce continued curred by the federal government. In partial reso- o∑ering the Library’s mandatory ethics training lution of their claims against RoweCom, publishers program on a quarterly basis.The OGC will con- and former RoweCom customer libraries arranged tinue to o∑er regular ethics briefings to ensure for publishers to provide subscriptions in exchange that all employees receive the training. In addi- for a pro rata share of the libraries’ bankruptcy tion, the OGC presented separate ethics sessions claims. Under this arrangement, publishers sup- for new employees and for the Library’s contract- plied approximately $2.1 million worth of sub- ing o≈cers. In view of the upcoming presidential scriptions to FEDLINK libraries. With the De- and congressional elections, the o≈ce o∑ered three partment of Justice, the Library agreed to settle the voluntary ethics sessions on employee political ac- remaining $535,000 of the Library’s FEDLINK tivities. As a result of the ethics briefings and the claim for $434,000. The Library benefited by re- OGC’s ethics Web site, the o≈ce responded to solving this complex matter without litigation and approximately thirty inquiries from sta∑ mem- by recovering either in kind or in cash all but bers through its ethics e-mail account. $100,000 of what was potentially a $2.6 million The o≈ce provided advice to the Library’s Trust loss. The settlement ensured that most 2003 sub- Fund Board, which accepts gifts and oversees the scriptions were added to the shelves of the a∑ected investment of those gifts for the benefit of the

office of the librarian 115 Library’s collections and services.The OGC mon- release his papers five years after his death. The itored the appointments to the board, coordi- o≈ce was a major participant in the Library’s dis- nated its meetings, and drafted correspondence cussions with the executors of the Blackmun estate relating to board matters. in terms of access to the papers, public availability The OGC furnished legal advice regarding the of the collection’s finding aid, and digitization of operations of the John W.Kluge Center at the Li- certain papers in the collection and of the video- brary of Congress and the Kluge Center Scholars’ tapes of an extended oral history the justice made Council. Specifically, the o≈ce provided advice on with one of his law clerks. The OGC was also in- various tax and immigration matters, as well as is- volved in planning for the opening, as well as com- sues relating to the awarding of the second Kluge plex issues relating to privacy and security. The Prize by the Librarian of Congress, which is sched- o≈ce continues to advise on various follow-up is- uled to occur early in fiscal 2005. The research, sues relating to the Blackmun collection. analysis, and conclusions associated with Kluge The Library’s Federal Research Division (FRD) Center projects will be applicable to the Library’s was able to increase its activity with the use of other visiting scholar programs. At year’s end, the FRD’s revolving fund authority.OGC reviewed six- o≈ce was preparing to present a series of briefings teen new interagency agreements to support FRD’s for fund managers on those complex tax and im- expanded program. OGC also reviewed cooperative migration matters. agreements for various other projects at the Library, The o≈ce reviewed more than forty gift instru- such as agreements with Russian and Alaskan state ments and other agreements that added materials libraries to provide digitized material for the Li- to the Library’s collections. The agreements in- brary’s Meeting of the Frontiers Web site and cluded those relating to the donation by the Jay I. agreements or extensions of agreements with the Kislak Foundation of several thousand rare books, national libraries of Brazil, France, and the Nether- manuscripts, maps, and artifacts of pre-Columbian lands. Other examples include a cooperative agree- culture and colonial art from North and South ment between the Library and ProQuest to digitize America; the American Folklife Center’s acquisi- certain copies of the Chicago Tribune from the Li- tion of the Alan Lomax Archive; and the donation brary’s collection; a memorandum of understanding by the AARP and the Leadership Council on Civil and an interagency agreement between the Library Rights of Voices of Civil Rights, a collection of and the National Endowment for the Humanities firsthand accounts of participants in the civil rights in support of the multiyear National Digital News- movement. The OGC also reviewed gift instru- paper Program; and a cooperative agreement be- ments relating to the papers of Judge Robert Bork; tween the Library and the Academia Sinica, a Tai- composer Jerry Herman; political cartoonist Ann wanese public research institution, for a long-term Telnaes; and the late Isaac Stern, who was com- project to inventory, catalog, and digitize the Li- poser, conductor, and musician. brary’s non-rare paper map holdings of China. The OGC worked closely with Library Services, OGC drafted and negotiated a license agreement the O≈ce of the Librarian, the O≈ce of Security between the Library and Zazzle, an e-commerce and Emergency Preparedness, and the Public and art reproduction company,authorizing Zazzle A∑airs O≈ce in preparation for the opening of to copy and sell on-demand facsimiles on its Web the papers of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Harry A. site of certain images from the Library’s collections, Blackmun. Under the terms of the Instrument of in exchange for Zazzle’s payments to and discounts Gift, Justice Blackmun authorized the Library to for the Library.

116 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 The OGC continued to provide legal support to copyrighted works—set forth in U.S. Code 17 the National Digital Information Infrastructure § 1201(a)(1)—should not apply to people who en- and Preservation Program, including reviewing the gage in noninfringing uses of any particular classes program’s solicitation of proposals for partnerships of copyrighted works. Together with the Copy- between the Library and outside organizations. right O≈ce, the OGC sta∑ members briefed the The o≈ce participated in negotiations with the in- Librarian on the Copyright Register’s recom- stitutions that submitted proposals in response to mendations. During the fiscal year, the Librarian the program announcement. Before execution, the made his determination and published in the Fed- o≈ce reviewed all of those agreements for legal eral Register the four classes of works exempted su≈ciency.The program grants, totaling $13.9 mil- from the prohibition on circumvention. The ex- lion, were awarded to eight institutions during the empted classes will be in e∑ect for three years. fiscal year. In addition, the o≈ce assisted in draft- The o≈ce worked with the Copyright O≈ce in ing a cooperative agreement between the Library connection with the issuance of regulations pur- and the National Science Foundation for a collab- suant to the copyright statute. Because those reg- orative research program and transfer of approxi- ulations must be approved by the Librarian of mately $2 million from the Library to the National Congress, the OGC reviews the proposed rules Science Foundation for digital preservation. and recommends to the Librarian whether he The o≈ce worked closely with sta∑s of the Mo- should sign them. Among the rules the o≈ce an- tion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound alyzed this year were interim and final regulations Division and Human Resources Services regarding regarding notice and recordkeeping requirements the complicated personnel issues associated with under the copyright law’s statutory licenses and a the relocation in 2005 and 2006 of MBRS em- regulation concerning the acquisition of new ma- ployees to the new National Audio-Visual Con- terials for the Library’s collections through the servation Center in Culpeper, Virginia. law’s mandatory deposit provision by redefining The o≈ce worked with the Copyright O≈ce’s what the “best edition” is for published motion general counsel and the Motion Picture, Broad- picture works. casting, and Recorded Sound Division on a regu- The OGC continued to review, revise, edit, and lation to authorize the Library to acquire news cancel Library regulations in cooperation with the programs under the American Television and Ra- Library’s service and infrastructure units.This year, dio Archives Act.This regulation was published in the o≈ce issued or reissued twenty-four regula- the Federal Register during the fiscal year.The regu- tions and canceled eight.As a cost-saving measure, lation allows the Library to record certain news it discontinued the printing of regulations because programs o∑ the air without requiring the Library they are accessible on the OGC Web site. The to secure the permission of copyright owners. Its o≈ce still provides hard copies of regulations to the issuance supports one of the act’s goals, which is for recognized labor organizations, as required by their the Library to establish and maintain a permanent bargaining agreements.This change in policy saved record of the television and radio programs that are the Library thousands of dollars in fiscal 2004.The the heritage of the American people. OGC now reports on regulatory changes through The OGC was involved in the Copyright Of- publication in the Gazette and through LC Events fice’s second section 1201 rulemaking to determine on the Library-wide e-mail system. During the whether the prohibition against circumvention year, the o≈ce undertook a complete review of the of technological measures that control access to Library regulations that are published in the Code

office of the librarian 117 of Federal Regulations. Although the Library is not from Integrated Support Services and the O≈ce of required to publish its regulations in this manner, Security and Emergency Preparedness to ensure the as a matter of policy the Library publishes those Library’s compliance with the Occupational Safety regulations that a∑ect members of the public.As a and Health Act and to develop the Library’s re- result of this initiative, the Library eliminated a sponse to inquiries from the O≈ce of Compliance. number of outdated and unnecessary regulations, The o≈ce continued its coordination with the which should save the institution a considerable Library’s other legal o≈ces: the Copyright O≈ce, amount of money in printing costs over time. the Law Library,and the American Law Division of The OGC published several articles in the the Congressional Research Service.The group met Gazette on topics of importance to the sta∑, in- bimonthly during the year.The general counsel met cluding the public domain status under copyright regularly with the inspector general, the director of law of works created by Library employees as part the O≈ce of Security and Emergency Prepared- of their o≈cial duties, the use of permission forms ness, and the director of the O≈ce of Investiga- for cybercasting Library events, and the trademark tions on sensitive security matters. In fiscal 2004, protection for certain Library names and logos. the o≈ce organized three training sessions on During fiscal 2004, the o≈ce obtained protection matters of interest to lawyers in the Library.At one from the Patent and Trademark O≈ce (PTO) for of the seminars,the OGC’s student intern from Ire- the marks Wise Guide, Learning Page (name), and land presented an overview of the Irish legal system. Learning Page (logo). This process involves exam- In cooperation with the Federal Library and Infor- ination of existing marks, preparation of an appli- mation Center Committee, the OGC convened cation, petition for a fee waiver, and response to three meetings of federal agency general counsels opinion letters, which the PTO issues when it has and librarians from all three branches of the federal questions about the propriety of issuing a particu- government to focus on legal issues of importance to lar mark. The OGC responded successfully to both groups and to the government. During those three opinion letters, and the PTO subsequently sessions,participants discussed,among other issues, approved the marks. The o≈ce also obtained fee “fair use” under the copyright statute. waivers from the PTO, which saved the Library the The Library’s general counsel continued to lead application costs for the three marks. two other interagency groups that meet monthly to During the year, the o≈ce assisted the Library in exchange information and ideas on matters of establishing a separate o≈ce to handle grants re- common concern. The first group consists of the ceived by the Library and those given by the Li- general counsels of the federal government’s cul- brary. The OGC drafted the implementing regu- tural institutions in Washington (e.g., Library of lation that was adopted on an interim basis. Congress, National Archives and Records Admin- The OGC worked closely with the U.S. Capitol istration, National Endowment for the Arts, Na- Police and the Library’s O≈ce of Security and Emer- tional Endowment for the Humanities, Institute gency Preparedness regarding a proposed merger of Museum and Library Services, and Smithson- of the Library Police and the U.S. Capitol Police. ian Institution) and the second group is composed Within the Library, the o≈ce continued to co- of the legal o≈cers of the legislative branch (Li- ordinate the agency’s response to complaints filed brary of Congress,Architect of the Capitol, Capi- by Library employees with the O≈ce of Compli- tol Police, Congressional Budget O≈ce, Govern- ance regarding alleged safety and health issues.The ment Accountability O≈ce, and Government OGC convened regular meetings with personnel Printing O≈ce).

118 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 tary of state under President Ronald Reagan for Office of Special Events eight years and Public Programs ¶ The Madison Council’s fall meeting held No- Fiscal 2004 was the first complete year for the vember 2003 in conjunction with the awarding of O≈ce of Special Events and Public Programs to the first John W.Kluge Prize of $1 million for Life- operate as a revolving fund and to electronically time Achievement in the Human Sciences track all events through the use of an online database. During the year, many new procedures ¶ The third National Book Festival gala, held in related to the online database were imple- October 2003 and attended by President and Mrs. mented, including the electronic routing of the Bush, Secretary of State Colin Powell and Mrs. event approval form and the addition of numer- Powell, and other members of the Cabinet ous database codes that allow the o≈ce to track in- ¶ The May 13, 2004, opening of the exhibition formation more e≈ciently and e∑ectively. The “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. Board at Fifty,com- number of individuals who have access to the memorating the fiftieth anniversary of the Supreme Special Events database, including online access Court’s 1954 decision to the Special Events calendar, increased from thirteen to thirty. ¶ The celebration of the acquisition of the Alan The o≈ce coordinated and managed more than Lomax Collection, which comprises the unparal- 330 events during the year. (See also Appendix A: leled ethnographic documentation collected by the Major Events at the Library.) The events included legendary folklorist over a period of sixty years, in- 191 Library-sponsored events, more than 100 concluding pioneering documentation of traditional gressional events, 30 events for nonprofit organi- music, dance, tales, and other forms of grassroots zations, and 13 corporate events. Many events took creativity in the United States and abroad place during a period of several days or involved the ¶ The inaugural Herblock Prize Award Cere- coordination of multiple activities throughout the mony and Lecture on March 11, 2004, featuring day.When viewed from this multilayered perspec- Benjamin C. Bradlee, one of the major figures of tive, the event planners managed a grand total of the twentieth century in the world of American 586 events. newspapers Major events held at the Library during the year (see Appendix A: Major Events at the Library) in- ¶ The opening of the From Haven to Home exhibi- cluded the following: tion in September 2004, marking 350 years of Jew- ish life in America and featuring more than 200 ¶ The opening of the Library’s Churchill and the treasures of American Judaica from the collections Great Republic exhibition on February 5, 2004— of the Library of Congress, augmented by a selec- the first major U.S. exhibition about Sir Winston tion of important loans from other cooperating Churchill—with opening remarks at the gala event cultural institutions the night before by President George W.Bush and visitors such as Mary, Lady Soames, who is Chur- ¶ The Madison Council’s spring meeting in April chill’s youngest daughter, and members of her fam- 2004, which featured a special concert by country ily, including Winston Churchill III singer and musician Dolly Parton ¶ The third Henry Alfred Kissinger Lecture given The o≈ce continued to support the observances on February 11, 2004, by George P.Shultz, secre- of African American History Month, Hispanic

office of the librarian 119 clined signiﬁcantly over the preceding two years following 9/11. The increased use by corporate clients had a positive e∑ect on the revolving fund’s balance and at the end of the ﬁscal year had resulted in the fund having a six-month cash reserve.

Office of Contracts and Grants Management During fiscal 2004, the O≈ce of Contracts and Grants Management served as the principal adviser to the Librarian, the Deputy Librarian, and the service units on acquisition policy and contract administration and management. In fiscal 2004, the Contracts Operations Section, which supports internal Library service units, completed more than 4,885 contractual actions valued at approximately $158 million for supplies, services, Country singer and songwriter Dolly Parton accepts the Liv- and equipment. Of those, 2,596 actions (53 percent) ing Legend Award from the Librarian of Congress following were for simplified procurements ($100,000 and her performance for the Madison Council and invited guests. below), 887 actions (18 percent) were for contracts valued at $100,000 or more, and 1,432 actions (29 Heritage Month, Women’s History Month, and percent) were for prior-year contract closeout ac- Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, as well as tivities.The o≈ce also facilitated the training of 116 other recurring events such as the holiday program contracting o≈cers’ technical representatives. and retirees luncheon.The o≈ce also planned and Major contracts awarded for the Library include coordinated events for many Library initiatives and approximately $11 million for talking books and committees, including the Leadership Develop- magazines produced by the National Library Serv- ment Program, a John W.Kluge Center event fea- ice for the Blind and Physically Handicapped; turing scholars from around the world, the Chinese $8 million for the National Audio-Visual Conser- Section’s seventy-fifth anniversary, the National vation Center in Culpeper,Virginia; approximately Recording Preservation Board, a symposium on $7 million for the Open World Program; and the war in Iraq, a luncheon for the national librar- $4.5 million in support of the Momentum finan- ian of Brazil, and numerous poetry readings fea- cial management system. turing Rita Dove and other internationally known The FEDLINK Contracts Section completed poets. In April 2004, the o≈ce managed the me- more than 3,300 interagency contractual actions val- morial service for Librarian of Congress Emeritus ued at approximately $94 million, as well as more Daniel J. Boorstin. Boorstin, a prize-winning his- than 2,300 prior-year contract modifications in sup- torian, was the Librarian of Congress from 1975 port of the FEDLINK Program. The FEDLINK until he retired in 1987. Contracts team established and administered more This year saw a substantial increase in the cor- than 100 multiagency contractual vehicles,including porate use of the Library’s facilities, which had de- sixty-three indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity

120 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 contracts,which provide for vendors to pay the pro- coln Studies Center and for the Louisiana Purchase gram’s administrative fees rather than FEDLINK Bicentennial Celebration. The OGM conducted customers.The FEDLINK Contracts team also es- on-site monitoring for the Adventure and the tablished contractual vehicles for preservation serv- Telecommunications projects. The Telecommuni- ices, a new o∑ering for FEDLINK members. cations project has improved broadband capacity During 2004, the o≈ce completed its response for Adventure project participants and other insti- and implementation of the O≈ce of the Inspec- tutions located in the rural western areas of the tor General’s recommendations regarding the Carolinas.A requested amendment to the Telecom- Purchase Card Program listed in the 2003 audit. munications grant agreement was made to reflect The o≈ce has posted the Purchase Card Manual on necessary economic and technical modifications to both the Contracts and the OGC Web sites.The the project. o≈ce has implemented a new filing system, a set In cooperation with the Library’s O≈ce of Stra- of new audit procedures, and a fraud protection tegic Initiatives and the OGC, the OGM partici- system. Purchase Card usage increased by more pated in negotiations to award $13.9 million to than 19 percent over fiscal 2003, from $3,988,684 eight institutions under the Library’s National to $4,759,471. Cardholders remained steady at 133, Digital Information Infrastructure and Preserva- with the number of transactions totaling 9,872. tion Program. More than thirty conference calls The O≈ce of Grants Management (OGM) was were conducted from May through September to created in January 2004 to ensure that grants, negotiate the terms and conditions for each award. awards, and fellowships are made and administered Eight Cooperative Agreements were executed dur- in accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and ing September, specifying duties and responsibili- Library policy and that internal controls are in e∑ect ties during the three-year terms of the National to provide Library oversight of such funding. Digital projects. The O≈ce of Grants Management assisted the OGC in writing two interim regulations outlining Office of the Inspector General authority and procedures for the o≈ce.The regulations were issued on November 18,2003.Grants and The O≈ce of the Inspector General (OIG) pro- funded cooperative agreements will be awarded and vided audit and investigative services; maintained a managed pursuant to Library of Congress Regula- hotline; acted as a technical adviser to management tion (LCR) 2130.Funding of awards and fellowships in areas such as financial management, internal con- will be in accordance with LCR 2131. trols, and contracting; participated on Library-wide The OGM manages the Adventure of the Amer- committees; conducted a comprehensive Library- ican Mind, a project that funds the teaching of ed- wide survey of the quality of infrastructure services; ucators and librarians on how to incorporate the Li- participated in various external panels and groups; brary’s digital collections in K–12 curricula. During and reviewed laws and regulations. 2004, a grant amendment in the amount of During the fiscal year, the OIG issued four per- $8.5 million added four additional colleges and uni- formance audit reports that addressed important versities and increased funding for other partici- aspects of managing the Library’s programs and pating educational institutions. The total project operations. The subjects included use of the Li- grant exceeds $38 million for twenty-three partici- brary’s reading rooms and information centers, pating educational institutions. Grant agreements internal control over purchase cards, management were executed for the Knox College Abraham Lin- of the Library’s police force, and cost allocations

office of the librarian 121 using the Administrative Working Fund. The mismanagement. During fiscal 2004, the OIG OIG followed up on an earlier review of the O≈ce processed thirty-four allegations (eight were from of Contracts and Grants Management. The the previous fiscal year).Two allegations did not re- OIG’s audit report on reading rooms and infor- quire investigation, six were referred, and twenty- mation centers recommended more consistent use six were investigated by the OIG. At year’s end, of statistical measures to record in-person visits two investigations remained open. and reference questions. Standardization of meas- In fiscal 2001, the OIG began proactive involve- urement criteria and a subsequent year-long de- ment in two significant Library information tech- tailed study to be completed in 2006 should result nology initiatives: progressive system replacement in more e≈cient use of reading room space and and reengineering e∑orts in the Copyright O≈ce could result in converting unneeded space into and in the O≈ce of the Chief Financial O≈cer. o≈ces or storage, or possible consolidation of read- The e∑orts are taking advantage of new technolo- ing rooms. The police management audit ad- gies to improve operating e≈ciency.The OIG began dressed policy,training, management oversight and working closely with those units and plans to be in- controls, strategic planning, conduct and perform- volved through the life cycle of the initiatives to aid ance issues, communication, sta≈ng shortages, and in reducing acquisition and operational risks. The relations with Library sta∑ and the public.The au- OIG’s early involvement in those initiatives includes dit is resulting in significant improvements in po- evaluation of reengineering studies; cost, benefit, lice force management. and alternatives analyses; requirements develop- Under contract with the OIG, the accounting ment; and project management.In 2003,a third ini- firm of Kearney & Company issued a report, dated tiative, the Library’s National Digital Information February 6, 2004, on the Library’s 2003 Consoli- Infrastructure and Preservation Program, was dated Financial Statements.The report stated that added. The OIG conducted an initial fact-finding the Library’s financial statements were presented survey of that program and provided comments to fairly in all material respects. For the eighth con- the Librarian on the planning, oversight, communi- secutive year, the Library received an unqualified cation, and policy aspects. “clean” audit opinion. Kearney & Company also In fiscal 2004, much e∑ort was devoted to the audited and issued unqualified “clean” audit opin- oversight of the planning, development, conver- ions on the 2003 financial statements of the Madi- sion, and implementation of the new Library-wide, son Council, National Digital Library, and Co- Web-based Momentum accounting system. The operative Acquisitions Program. OIG is a key participant in the certification and ac- Following up on some of its prior year recom- creditation (C&A) of the new financial system. mendations, the OIG reported that several new Li- C&A reviews help to address security issues for brary controls were added in 2004 to help control new Library systems.A memorandum on the C&A purchase cards, improve management systems to process was issued in 2004 and will be followed by track equal employment opportunity (EEO) and an audit report in 2005. dispute resolution cases, improve grant recipient During the year, the OIG assisted the Library’s accounting systems and financial reporting, bolster National Library Service for the Blind and Physi- oversight of facility service functions, and ensure cally Handicapped.The OIG analysis of cost pro- better quality processing of personnel actions. posals for replacing cassette playback machines The OIG continued to operate a hotline for al- identified excessive cost components and resulted legations of fraud, waste, abuse of authority, and in a negotiation strategy that yielded $4.7 million

122 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 that can be put to better use in 2004.The OIG cost address workforce diversity needs. The following analysis and negotiation support resulted in a information focuses on the major events and ac- $8,500 reduction in a claim against the Library and tivities of the OWD during fiscal 2004. the receipt of $64,000 from a grant recipient as a result of unallowable costs identified by the OIG in A≈rmative Action and Special Programs O≈ce. The 2003.With Protective Services (O≈ce of Security A≈rmative Action and Special Programs O≈ce and Emergency Preparedness), the o≈ce also ini- (AASPO) continued to direct the Library’s mul- tiated statistical sampling of selected collection as- tifaceted e∑orts to increase the participation of sets to verify their existence and condition. minorities, women, and people with disabilities in Finally,during fiscal 2004, the OIG was the sub- all Library programs and activities. During fiscal ject of a peer review. O≈ces of Inspectors General 2004, the chief position remained vacant. As a re- are required to be peer-reviewed once every three sult, senior sta∑ members rotated into the position years by an independent, third-party agency. The of acting chief of AASPO on 120-day appoint- National Science Foundation’s O≈ce of Inspector ments and will continue to do so until the position General reviewed the OIG’s work products and is- is filled. sued an unqualified “clean” opinion on the quality During 2004, a new Multiyear A≈rmative Em- of the o≈ce’s work. ployment Program Plan was successfully negotiated. On June 30, 2004, an agreement was reached between Library management and representatives Office of Workforce Diversity from four labor organizations and was approved The O≈ce of Workforce Diversity (OWD) suc- by the Librarian of Congress.The plan is intended cessfully completed its first full year of operations to eliminate underrepresentation and to substan- as a fully integrated o≈ce supplying infrastruc- tially reduce grade-level disparity in the Library’s ture support. It reported directly to the O≈ce of workforce among minorities, women, and people the Librarian on matters relating to diversity ac- with disabilities. tivities at the Library, including a≈rmative action The AASPO sta∑ continued to conduct a≈r- and special programs, alternative dispute resolu- mative action reviews of the applicant pools for all tion, and equal employment opportunity com- vacancy announcements. A≈rmative action re- plaints processing. OWD’s numerous activities views are an important element in monitoring the and accomplishments heightened a greater un- hiring process at the Library to ensure fairness and derstanding and awareness of the Library’s com- nondiscrimination. mitment to EEO for all employees and patrons of In partnership with Human Resources Serv- the Library. In addition to providing numerous ices, AASPO sponsored a targeted outreach and culturally enriching educational programs for the recruitment campaign to attract and recruit new Library sta∑, OWD ensured that the rights of all employees to the Library of Congress from various employees and applicants for employment were ethnic groups. Two new state-of-the-art displays protected. OWD provided mediation and other were used extensively by AASPO sta∑ members alternative dispute resolution services and pro- as they represented the Library at several confer- tected employee rights under its EEO Complaints ences and conventions, including those of the Asian O≈ce. OWD also worked in concert with key Pacific American Federal Employees Association, stakeholder o≈ces to plan and implement a strate- National Council of La Raza, League of United gic outreach and recruitment program that would Latin American Citizens, National Association for

office of the librarian 123 the Advancement of Colored People, Federally Em- agers, and further established the council’s role at ployed Women National Training Convention, Na- the Library. tional Urban League, and Hispanic Association of In fiscal 2004, the Disability Employment Pro- Colleges and Universities. gram was renamed the Access Programs O≈ce and AASPO continued to administer the A≈rma- continued its mandate to provide reasonable active Action Intern Program. Since its inception in commodation of all patrons, employees, and visitors 1990, the program has helped approximately eighty of the Library. Under direction of the o≈ce, the Library sta∑ members in clerical or technical posi- Assistive Technology Demonstration Center pro- tions receive additional training and advance into vided reasonable accommodation and ergonomic permanent administrative or professional positions equipment, and it presented programs, technical leading to the GS-11 or GS-12 level. The program assistance, consultation, and training to Library includes intensive on-the-job training, a training al- employees and visitors throughout the year. The lotment stipend, formal course work, professional center purchased and installed assistive listening development plans, mentors, and sponsored semi- technology for the Kluge Center, visual enlarging nars and training courses. In September 2004, the equipment for Library employees, and LAN-based sixth class of a≈rmative action interns completed teletypewriter software and Webcam software to its first year of the two-year professional develop- improve communication options for employees ment program. who are deaf and hard-of-hearing. During the year, Forty-six Library sta∑ members received awards the program director of the Access Programs O≈ce under the Fiscal 2004 A≈rmative Action Tuition received the nationally recognized Assistive Tech- Support Program. Each award carried a stipend of nology Applications Certificate from the California up to $2,000 toward payment of tuition, books, State University of Northridge. and other fees related to their education.This pro- The renovation of the Library’s Pickford Theater gram provides an opportunity for Library sta∑ marked a milestone in accessibility for Library sta∑ members to gain additional education and training members and visitors. This project provided new that will help them compete for positions in tar- brass railings, carpets, and seats and added options geted job series, such as administrative o≈cer, com- for people with disabilities, including an accessible puter science specialist, copyright examiner, econ- entrance, seating, lighting, and sound amplifica- omist, general attorney, information technology tion.The project was funded in the fiscal 2004 ap- specialist, librarian, and social science analyst. propriations bill for the AOC. The Library’s Federal Women’s Program con- The Library’s e∑orts to make its National Book tinued to provide educational programs to high- Festival accessible to all received praise and recog- light the contributions of women in the workplace nition from participants with disabilities, who en- and to heighten awareness of a wide variety of joyed equal access through mobility, sight, and women’s issues. During the year, the acting Federal hearing accommodations. Women’s Program manager chaired the Library’s The Interpreting Services Program provided more Advisory Council on Women’s Issues. Through than 1,500 hours of interpreting services. Through two standing committees,Advisory Council mem- the program, the Model Secondary School for the bers produced programs and assessments that Deaf Internship Program provided volunteer work aided the flow of communication, provided advice for a variety of Library service units in exchange for on workplace issues faced by female employees, career mentorship and employment training. For highlighted some decision-making female man- the first time, the Access Programs O≈ce o∑ered

124 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 the Library’s O≈ce of Security and Emergency Preparedness. The course was written with direct input from Library employees with disabilities and from the Department of Labor. Concerns raised by the Library’s employees who are deaf have led to improvements in the communication procedures for notifying them through emergency pagers. Under the 2004 National Internship Program of the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Univer- sities (HACU), five students worked at the Library. On April 6, the Library and HACU entered a new cooperative agreement to recruit more Hispanics into the workforce. The Deputy Librarian and the HACU president signed an agreement commit- ting the Library to hire qualified Hispanic interns. A former HACU intern became the first HACU cooperative participant hired for permanent employment at the Library.The new employee works in the Congressional Research Service. The Multicultural Fellowship Program was developed as a joint e∑ort between the OWD and the Library’s Preservation Directorate to recruit Hispanics into conservation and preservation occupations. Under the 2003–2004 Work–Study Program, thirty-six local high school students worked at the Library under the paid portion of the program, and ten students worked as volunteers. An additional fifteen students joined the Library’s paid work force The Library’s newly renovated Pickford Theater is accessible under the 2004–2005 Work–Study Program. to persons with disabilities. Funded by a $100,000 donation from the Madi- son Council and administered by the OWD, a targeted recruitment in the Career Expo for Per- new Library of Congress Summer College Intern sons with Disabilities held at the Washington Program placed forty college students in o≈ces Convention Center and collected an electronic throughout the Library. database of hundreds of job resumes of people who In fiscal 2004, the Presidential Management In- have disabilities. tern Program was renamed the Presidential Man- Emergency evacuation planning that deals with agement Fellows Program with two new compo- people who have disabilities took a central role in nents: Presidential Management Fellows and Senior the Library’s strategic planning. The Access Pro- Presidential Management Fellows. During the grams manager designed the Library’s first Assisted year, six Presidential Management Fellows were Evacuation Training Course in cooperation with hired at the Library.

office of the librarian 125 AASPO continued to present a number of highly DRC during fiscal 2004 were processed in the new visible cultural awareness programs to promote the system. The DRC sta∑ worked with the Informa- important contribution of women and minorities. tion Technology Services specialist during the year To celebrate diversity at the Library, the OWD to refine the automation system.A reporting mech- sponsored thirty-five cultural events. The events anism (Crystal Reports) was added to the system to included programs to recognize African American better track performance measurements for DRC. History Month, Asian Pacific American Heritage During the year, OWD entered an agreement Month, Disability Awareness Month, Hispanic with the O≈ce of the Comptroller of the Cur- Heritage Month, and Women’s History Month. rency (OCC).The agreement will assist the OCC’s Those programs celebrated the special ethnic and employees, who have been trained as mediators, to cultural diversity of Library of Congress sta∑ mem- obtain certification under the Department of the bers and Library collections. Among the speakers Treasury’s Shared Neutrals Program by observing was civil rights activist Dorothy Height. and co-mediating disputes in the Library’s DRC. After the OCC’s mediators have been certified, the Dispute Resolution Center. In its thirteenth year, the Library of Congress and the OCC will use services Dispute Resolution Center (DRC) continued its of the mediators from both OWD and OCC. mission to provide a nonadversarial forum for Li- brary of Congress sta∑ members to address work- Equal Employment Opportunity Complaints O≈ce. The place concerns.The DRC operated under three ne- Equal Employment Opportunity Complaints Of- gotiated agreements for bargaining-unit employees fice continued to process discrimination com- (CREA,AFSCME Locals 2910 and 2477) and un- plaints to ensure administration of the Library’s der LCR 2020-7 for nonbargaining unit members. EEO program in accordance with federal statutes, DRC received thirty new cases during fiscal Library regulations, and policies. The change in 2004 and closed out thirty-two. The conveners the o≈ce’s reporting line of authority to the O≈ce helped resolve thirty of the thirty-two closed cases, of the Librarian, which became e∑ective in fiscal giving the o≈ce a 94 percent settlement rate. Of 2003, provided greater independence, authority, the two cases that were closed and not resolved, one and neutrality for the o≈ce, thereby increasing its was forwarded to the EEO Complaints O≈ce and credibility among the Library’s workforce. one case proceeded through the Library’s adverse Fiscal 2003 ended with a total caseload of 117 action process (LCR 2020-3). cases. During fiscal 2004, the o≈ce received 102 In fiscal 2004, DRC continued to o∑er extensive cases, bringing the total workload to 219 cases; of consultation services. The conveners met with a those, 91 were resolved. At the end of fiscal 2004, record number of Library sta∑ members to explore the o≈ce had a total caseload of 128 cases; of those, various ways of resolving potential workplace prob- 65 were informal and 63 were formal complaints. lems. The conveners documented 1,065 consulta- The EEO Complaints O≈ce recently completed tions with managers, employees, and union repre- its first Strategic Plan for fiscal 2005 through fiscal sentatives. Hundreds of Library employees left 2009.The plan presents a challenging set of program- DRC with solutions to problems and without focused goals and objectives promoting the vision, filing o≈cial cases in the Labor Relations O≈ce, mission, and objectives of OWD and the EEO EEO Complaints O≈ce, or DRC. Complaints O≈ce through the next five years.The A Remedy-based dispute tracking system became plan will be revisited to allow for midcourse ad- fully operational in January 2004. All cases filed in justments and changes as events unfold.

126 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 During the year, the o≈ce launched a number of hance the Librarian’s ability to formulate and imple- initiatives to streamline in-house and contractor opment operational policy across service unit bound- erations. One involved development of a su≈ciency aries; strengthen the communication,collaboration, review tool for reviewing Reports of Investigation to and delivery of support services; provide oversight expedite review of the high volume of investigative and sta≈ng to the Management Control Program reports received by the o≈ce from outside contrac- Committee; and provide training and leadership tors. The su≈ciency review tool was distributed to skills to current and future managers necessary to EEO contractors for dissemination to their investi- enable them to carry out the Library’s mission and gators to ensure that all investigative documents vision in the twenty-first century and beyond. were included in the Report of Investigation. Another new initiative involved development of Library of Congress Internal University. The Library of a counselor’s review tool to review all EEO coun- Congress Internal University (LCIU) continued selor’s reports submitted by contractors. It was de- to provide training programs and services to Li- signed to reduce the number of remands that EEO brary management and sta∑ members. To auto- Complaints O≈ce was experiencing. The review mate and centralize the administration of the train- tool closely follows the Library’s EEO counseling ing program, LCIU worked with other Library requirements and allows EEO Complaints O≈ce o≈ces to implement Pathlore Classroom 5.5 (the to e≈ciently review counselor’s reports submitted LC Learning Gateway). Launched on July 20, by contractors. 2004, this new system e∑ectively automates all the The o≈ce’s two guiding regulations for process- administrative functions of a training program in a ing individual and class complaints were updated Web-enabled environment. It allows sta∑ mem- and amended during the year to bring them up to bers to view a catalog of available course o∑erings, statutory standards. Both LCR 2010-3.1 (Resolu- access their training records, and self-register for tion of Problems, Complaints, and Charges of Dis- internal training. A series of training sessions was crimination in Library Employment and Sta∑ rela- conducted for sta∑ members to orient them to the tions under the Equal Employment Opportunity Pathlore 5.5 system located on their desktops. Program) and LCR 2010-3.2 (Resolution of Class Following the Pathlore 5.5 upgrade, LCIU pur- Complaints of Charges of Discrimination in Li- chased licenses to upgrade Pathlore Classroom 6.0 brary of Congress Employment and Sta∑ Relations to the full Pathlore Enterprise Learning Manage- under the Equal Employment Opportunity Pro- ment System. This additional upgrade will be im- gram for Non-Bargaining Unit Sta∑ Members) plemented in fiscal 2005.The upgrade will allow the were more than twenty-one years old. The revised Library to integrate online courses, integrate super- regulations will enable the EEO Complaints O≈ce visor’s approval for course registration, and perform to operate more e≈ciently and timely. several other functions. More important, this upgrade will establish a centralized core-learning infrastructure for the Library by expanding and using Office of Operations the learning management system as the single source Management and Training for all training-related activities. Library service and Since its creation in fiscal 2003, the O≈ce of Oper- support units will use the system to manage train- ations Management and Training has supported the ing activities for their sta∑s. Deputy Librarian in his role as chief operating Along with the Pathlore Enterprise Learning o≈cer.Specifically,the function of the o≈ce is to en- Management System upgrade, LCIU secured an

office of the librarian 127 integrated Skills Management Module. This ex- knowledge while helping employees achieve per- tremely powerful competency management tool will sonal and professional career goals. be key in meeting the Library’s employee develop- LCIU continued to assist the service and sup- ment and career planning goals by mapping specific port units in their training e∑orts by providing training activities (e.g.,courses) to each competency both logistical and administrative support. LCIU or KSA (knowledge, skills, and abilities) and by es- continues to serve as a resource and broker for Li- tablishing dynamic professional development plans. brary managers and sta∑ members in arranging for LCIU licensed a library of 500 online courses that and supporting training that is responsive to spe- will be hosted within the Pathlore Enterprise Learn- cialized training needs. This work includes both ing Management System to significantly increase mandatory and mission-critical training. development opportunities for Library employees. LCIU supports the Library’s emergency pre- Included in the online courses licensed this fiscal paredness training initiative for all employees.In to- year is a series of courses specifically focused on in- tal, 358 training sessions were conducted with lo- formation technology skills, project management gistical support from LCIU. This emergency certification, leadership development, and change preparedness training consisted of six courses, in- management. A mandatory curriculum or collec- cluding “Assisting Persons with Disabilities,”“Quick tion of courses on those topics will be assigned to Hood Respirator Training,”“Basic Evacuation Team each current and future manager and supervisor. Training,”“Evacuation Stair Chair Training,”“Inci- Use of the Learning Support Center increased dent System Command Training,”and “Heart Saver during the year. A total of 562 Library employees Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)/Cardio- used the center’s products and learning tools for ca- pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training.” reer and self-paced learning.The center supported In fiscal 2004, leading government training and the A≈rmative Action Work–Study Program’s development programs at various agencies were high school students with resume building, career identified and reviewed to determine best practices assessment, and financial aid forums. The center of those most relevant to the Library. Those agen- also supported the training needs of the Mentoring cies included the Department of State, Department Program, Library Police, FEDLINK, O≈ce of of Interior, National Institutes of Health, National Strategic Initiatives, and various other service and Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Gov- support units. In May 2004, the center’s materials ernment Accountability O≈ce (GAO). By leverag- were relocated to the main LCIU o≈ce in LM-644 ing applicable best practices, the Library saved ap- to provide greater access to Library employees. A proximately $100,000 in courseware purchases. revamped Learning Support Center is planned for fiscal 2005. Operations Management Division. In support of the The Library’s Mentoring Program continued Library’s Strategic Plan, the Operations Manage- to provide a pathway for junior sta∑ members to ment Division of the O≈ce of Operations Man- explore their career objectives. Through the par- agement and Training focused on evaluating cur- ticipation of twenty-five mentor and protégé rent operations and delivering support services pairs, the program addressed employee orienta- while supporting the Deputy Librarian in his role tion, career options and opportunities, problem as the Library’s chief operating o≈cer. solving, and coaching. Substantial improvements The Operations Management Division co- in the Mentoring Program are envisioned to bet- ordinated Library-wide input to GAO’s Self- ter provide a pathway for preserving institutional Certification Survey, which focused largely on ac-

128 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 tivities that have been successfully moved to the pri- prove the Library’s retail operations.The team de- vate sector or could potentially be privatized. In ad- veloped an integrated e-commerce Web site at dition, Operations Management and Training co- http://www.loc.gov/shop, which was scheduled to ordinated similar surveys for the legislative branch’s be operational in time for holiday sales. Chief Administrative O≈cers Council and the legislative branch’s photoduplication and distribution Office of Security and services within prescribed time frames and require- Emergency Preparedness ments. The division also supported GAO’s cost- cutting mandate for savings in commercial mail de- The O≈ce of Security and Emergency Prepared- livery by performing an internal cost-benefit analysis ness continued developing the Library’s security pro- on processing commercial mail. gram. It focused especially on building the Emer- Serving as the lead o≈ce, the division coordi- gency Preparedness Program under the di≈cult nated a task assigned by the House of Representa- circumstances of increasing threats and decreased tives that calls for the Library to evaluate support sta≈ng. The Library has significantly enhanced se- services of the Congressional Research Service curity measures protecting its sta∑ members, pa- (CRS) to determine if duplication exists between trons, facilities, and collections in the post-9/11 CRS and the Library’s centralized infrastructure world. In coordination with other agencies on operations.The professional services of SRA were Capitol Hill, the Library continued upgrading its contracted to conduct the study, which will con- perimeter security,entrance and exit screening pro- clude by December 2004. cedures, emergency preparedness capabilities, and The Operations Management Division served as internal controls safeguarding the Library’s price- the Deputy Librarian’s liaison to the Emergency less collections. Management Team, to the Emergency Measures Task Force, to initiatives of the Designated Agency Emergency Preparedness Program. The o≈ce received Safety and Health O≈cial, and on the proposed funding under the fiscal 2004 appropriations bill to merger of the Library Police with the Capitol Hill hire additional sta∑ members to develop and main- Police. Other liaison activities included working tain the Emergency Preparedness Program. Until with Library support units to monitor Capitol Hill new employees could be hired, existing sta∑ mem- construction projects (e.g., the Capitol Visitor bers were temporarily managing the program, which Center, the security construction, and the Capitol includes training o≈ce emergency coordinators, Hill twenty-year construction plan). floor wardens, and zone monitors as well as training The division served as the program coordinator other sta∑ members in using escape hoods, evacu- for the Library’s Management Control Program, ating the building, using the stair chair, and assisting encompassing more than 200 of the Library’s func- people who are disabled. The program includes tional operations.The program systematically eval- enhancing incident command training, identifying uates risk and internal controls in the Library’s op- locations for sheltering in place, and conducting erations. All milestones for fiscal 2004 were met, table-top command post exercises, all of which are and several program management improvements part of the training objectives. were made. The division assisted in establishing The o≈ce prepared a “Comprehensive Emergency the Grants O≈ce in its first year of operation and Management Plan” and an “Employee Emergency served as the Deputy Librarian’s representative on Action Guide” in March 2003 and distributed the Library Services Business Enterprises team to im- former to Library Emergency Management Team

office of the librarian 129 o≈cials and the latter to all sta∑ members. Using Major Physical Security Enhancements. The Library’s the comprehensive plan and updating the action 1999 Security Enhancement Implementation Plan guide, the o≈ce’s emergency planners were leading continued to move forward under the project en- the further development of the continuity of oper- gineering management of the Space and Naval ations and business-recovery planning as part of Warfare Systems Center.Two components of the the Emergency Preparedness Program. The o≈ce plan remain to be completed. Under the first com- retained two employees from Systems Research ponent, which is consolidation of the Library’s Analysis Inc. under a contractual obligation to assist two police communications centers, the new con- with emergency preparedness until new sta∑ mem- solidated Police Communications Center, will in- bers could be brought on board. The o≈ce collab- tegrate the Library’s upgraded intrusion detection orated with the Library’s O≈ce of Strategic Initia- and security monitoring systems. The center be- tives to develop an enterprise-wide emergency came operational in July 2003, and final construc- preparedness Web site for the Library. Emergency tion was completed in mid-2004, with the expan- preparedness information for sta∑ members will be sion of the security equipment room and the placed on this Web site, which is anticipated to be addition of a manager’s o≈ce. Installation of up- operational by June 2005. graded intrusion detection and security monitor- The o≈ce participated in three Town Hall meeting systems is expected to be completed by early ings in which emergency preparedness topics were 2005. E≈ciencies and e∑ectiveness of police com- conducted.A design contract was let to Northrop- munications are continuously improved as more Grumman TASC for a new public address system state-of-the-art security systems come online.The throughout the Library. The design concept is o≈ce had an uninterrupted power source room comparable to that in the House and Senate o≈ce built and ordered equipment to support the cen- buildings. ter in the event of a power loss. The source room The o≈ce took the lead in coordinating plans for became operational in January 2004. A police the Library’s new Emergency Management Center, break room and a female o≈cers’ locker room are which will be built in the former Madison Building planned to be relocated to accommodate con- Police Communications Center in LM G-01. Con- struction of the underground tunnel that will construction was due to begin early in fiscal 2005. The nect the Je∑erson Building and the Capitol Visitor center will be interconnected to the Police Commu- Center. The police facilities are expected to be nications Center in the Je∑erson Building, thus en- completed in March 2005. suring enhanced communication throughout the The second remaining component of the Secu- Capitol complex and metropolitan area. The o≈ce rity Enhancement Implementation Plan is to ex- also took the lead in coordinating the Library’s en- pand entry and perimeter security, which will in- hanced emergency communications with the Sen- clude deploying additional X-ray machines and ate, House, U.S. Capitol Police, Federal Emergency detection equipment, completing security upgrades Management Agency, D.C. Emergency Manage- of building entrance lobbies, installing exterior se- ment Center,and others.The Library Police have re- curity monitoring cameras and lighting, and im- ceived additional emergency communication devices plementing garage and parking lot safeguards. At from the Capitol Police, and emergency prepared- year’s end, the o≈ce was coordinating those ness coordinators have been issued Blackberry wire- e∑orts and was expected to complete this phase of less communication devices.All new devices increase the Library’s security plan by mid-2004. Because communication across the Capitol complex. of delays caused by Architect of the Capitol

130 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 funding issues, the new target date is March 2005. Protective Services Division. The Protective Services The AOC’s waterproofing project for the east Division continued supporting the Library’s multi- parking lot is also delaying perimeter security sys- faceted security program, thus enhancing controls tem installations. This delay will be resolved by to protect the Library’s priceless collections, facili- September 2005. Most building lobby up- ties, sta∑ members, and patrons. With regard to grades—including construction, installation of collections security, Protective Services continued new security systems, and permanent installation leading a collaborative e∑ort throughout the Li- of screening devices—were completed in mid- brary to sustain implementation of the 1997 Li- 2004. Delivery of the police lecterns and associ- brary of Congress Security Plan in coordination ated security systems for the lobbies was com- with the Collections Security Oversight Commit- pleted in early 2004. tee (CSOC), whose members include representa- The design for the perimeter closed-circuit tel- tives from the service units, as well as the key in- evision (CCTV) cameras for the Library campus frastructure o≈ces. The division also facilitated was completed in April 2004. All CCTV camera preparation of the Library’s draft 2005 Strategic monitoring was switched over to the Police Com- Collections Security Plan. munications Center in mid-2004. The AOC’s Monitoring the e∑ectiveness of sta∑ security perimeter security construction project has de- practices and enhancing sta∑ security awareness layed infrastructure installation for the perimeter were continuing activities led by Protective Services CCTV, with completion now expected by Sep- in collaboration with the CSOC throughout fiscal tember 2005.Vehicular entrance and exit security 2004. Protective Services and the CSOC have now features were completed for the Je∑erson Build- completed a two-year cycle of site assistance visits ing’s southwest and northwest front driveway,and (SAVs) to more than ninety divisions.Two-person Library Police began sta≈ng the new police kiosks teams conduct the SAVs with two weeks’ notice. in October 2003. Installation of reinforced bar- On each SAV, a physical security expert is joined rier walls at the southeast corner of the Je∑erson by a librarian. SAV findings are reported to the di- Building was completed, and similar barriers for rector of the O≈ce of Security and Emergency the northeast corner were completed in January Preparedness and to the chief of the division in- 2004.At the Madison Building, enhancements of spected. SAVs have significantly enhanced the se- the perimeter security construction on the First curity practices of the Library’s sta∑ members. Street, S.E., garage ramp were completed in March Practices that continued to improve during the 2004. The Adams Building construction was an- past twelve months include proper display of Li- ticipated to begin in early 2004, pending comple- brary identification badges, timely charging of tion of the waterproofing project for the Folger books, and enhanced control over keys and generic Shakespeare Library alley.The installation of bol- electronic access cards. Moreover, division chiefs lards on the Adams perimeter is approximately frequently requested tailored briefings and follow- 50 percent complete, with completion expected by up assistance visits from Protective Services. June 2005. An AOC funding issue has delayed The security Web sites designed by Protective perimeter security installations in the Adams Services and the CSOC for patrons and sta∑ Building alley on C Street, S.E.; 2nd Street, S.E.; members continued to enhance security aware- and 3rd Street, S.E. All funding issues have been ness. In fiscal 2004, the patron Web site averaged resolved, and the AOC is awaiting final designs of about 9,800 hits monthly. The sta∑ Web site av- the aforementioned areas. eraged 680 hits monthly. As of the end of fiscal

office of the librarian 131 2004, hits for the patron Web site since inception ring the theft and mutilation of the Library’s price- (November 5, 2001) totaled more than 350,800; less collections. Over the past twelve months, secu- hits on the sta∑ Web site since inception ( July 22, rity o≈cers stopped fifteen researchers who were 2002) totaled more than 13,600. attempting to exit the Manuscript Division’s Read- The Police Communications Center and lobby ing Room with original materials. upgrade projects in the Madison, Je∑erson, and Protective Services also designed and upgraded Adams Buildings have been fully supported by Pro- security controls protecting many of the Library’s tective Services in coordination with the AOC and annexes o∑ Capitol Hill. Protective Services’ elec- several contractors. Protective Services formalized tronic and physical security experts continued serv- maintenance and repair procedures to ensure the re- ing as integral members of teams planning con- liability of newly installed Natsatka barriers and struction of the Library’s National Audio-Visual addressed specific issues with the manufacturer, Conservation Center in Culpeper,Virginia.At the with special focus on cold weather and key switch Landover Center Annex, Protective Services re- operations.The division served as the Library’s pri- placed analog recorders with digital recorders for mary contact for coordinating radio frequency al- all cameras. At the High-Density Storage Facility location issues, as authorized by the National Tel- at Fort Meade, Maryland, Protective Services cus- ecommunications and Information Administration tomized emergency entrance procedures for the of the Department of Commerce. It also coordi- host installation’s fire and police departments. nated the phase-out of frequency allocations expir- ing in January 2008. Library of Congress Police. In conformance with the Protective Services enhanced a wide array of security objectives of the Capitol complex, the Li- electronic and physical security controls protecting brary of Congress Police (LC Police) continued to the Library’s three major buildings on Capitol Hill. provide support for additional security measures to The division coordinated the continued build-out protect the Library’s facilities, sta∑ members, re- of intrusion detection and electronic access control searchers and visitors, and collections. For twenty- systems with the AOC, Library facilities manage- four hours a day, seven days a week, the LC Police ment, and associated contractor personnel. Pro- sta∑ the Police Communications Center, which is tective Services determined appropriate radio and the primary communications center for all calls for radio channel procedures for the Library’s emer- police services (e.g., emergencies, requests for gen- gency floor wardens and it addressed automation eral information and assistance, response to alarms, requirements for contractors supporting the o≈ce’s and so forth). Several improvements have been Emergency Preparedness Program. Protective made in the way the LC Police are informed of Services continued to collaborate with senior Li- emergencies a∑ecting the Capitol complex. Marked brary managers and contractors on installing major improvements have been achieved in acquiring bet- upgrades for electronic and physical security con- ter coordination during emergencies between the trols, thus reducing vulnerability of the Madison U.S. Capitol Police and the LC Police, as well as Building’s loading dock. with outside entities. Protective Services’ senior physical security spe- The LC Police continued to provide the appro- cialist continued serving as the Library’s contracting priate level of security with the minimum amount of o≈cer’s technical representative on the contract with disruption to normal Library operations during spe- Securiguard Inc. Library security o≈cers employed cial events for statutory protectees; elected local, by Securiguard have played a central role in deter- state,and national o≈cers; domestic and foreign dig-

132 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 nitaries; and heads of state. In fiscal 2004, the LC recommended administrative actions ranging from Police provided e≈cient and timely law enforcement removal to counseling in twenty-three cases, which support for the following: 188 special events of which generally involved issues of adverse employment, 71 were hosted by the congressional leadership, 12 criminal history, and material falsification. were state or o≈cial visits (including those by foreign The Personnel Security O≈ce worked to tighten heads of state), and 105 were Library-sponsored procedures concerning contractor background events such as Madison Council events and exhibi- checks by conducting a Library-wide survey and by tion openings held in the Library’s buildings. reviewing procedures with Library customers. A representative from the LC Police partici- The o≈ce continued its partnership with Hu- pated as a member of the Metropolitan Wash- man Resources Services to improve the timeliness ington Council of Governments and the Federal of case initiations, and it hosted training about Bureau of Investigation’s Joint Terrorism Task program procedures by the O≈ce of Personnel Force, which brings together law enforcement Management (OPM). Personnel Security O≈ce agencies to share information (sensitive or intelli- representatives presented information regarding gence) and to encourage the same level of height- personnel security requirements during new em- ened vigilance to combat both crimes and threats ployee orientations. O≈ce representatives attended to our national security. training at OPM about security and suitability program matters. The Personnel Security O≈ce Personnel Security O≈ce. The Personnel Security also served as a member of a panel addressing in- O≈ce administered the Library’s background investigative and adjudicative issues at the OPM se- vestigations program to determine the suitability of curity professionals seminar. employees, contractors, and volunteers and to grant security clearances for classified access when re- O≈ce of Investigations. The O≈ce of Investigations quired by job duties. In addition, the o≈ce pro- was responsible for receiving and acting on allega- vided clearance certifications for sta∑ members and tions from various sources when the allegations in- visitors, delivered defensive travel briefings to Li- volved violations of laws or regulations that would brary sta∑ members traveling overseas to countries a∑ect Library of Congress programs and opera- that present specific security concerns, and pro- tions. The o≈ce was fully sta∑ed by two criminal vided advice and guidance on personnel security investigators and one general investigator. matters to sta∑ and management. Year-end statistics showed the following inves- Year-end statistics regarding background investigative activity: tigations evidenced an increase in case openings ¶ Thirty-three investigations were conducted that over the previous year: 717 cases were initiated, related to reports of suspected theft and mutilation only a 1 percent increase over fiscal 2003 figures, but of collection material; twenty-eight were closed. a 14 percent rise over fiscal 2002. This increase maintained the upward trend since fiscal 1999, ¶ Thirty-one investigations were conducted that when only 548 investigations, or 31 percent fewer related to theft of government property and viola- cases, were required. The number of case closings, tions of Library regulations; twenty-one were closed. 790, rose almost 29 percent over the previous year. The O≈ce of Investigations’ sta∑ members pro- Contractor cases remained a substantial part of vided fraud awareness training for the Library’s the workload, totaling more than 48 percent of contracting o≈cer’s technical representatives and new investigations.The Personnel Security O≈ce performed workers’ compensation fraud detection,

office of the librarian 133 Internet crimes detection, and theft detection using the Library’s management tool for ensuring sound Internet resources. O≈ce sta∑ members provided financial management and results-oriented busi- technical support to management-initiated admin- ness practices.The Library’s organizations use the istrative inquiries.Investigators in the o≈ce served as planning and programming phases of the system to liaisons to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) establish strategic and annual plans, including in the event that a computer crime perpetrated strategic goals and objectives, annual goals, and against the Library required FBI assistance. When performance targets, as well as to support the the FBI declines to investigate a computer crime budgeting (formulation and justification), execu- against the Library, O≈ce of Investigations agents tion, and evaluation phases. will investigate the o∑ense with support from the Li- SPO worked closely with the Library’s service brary’s computer security o≈cer. and support units as they developed their Annual Program Performance Plans (AP‹). The AP‹ integrate the Library’s operating programs with the Office of the strategic plan and budget formulation process. Chief Financial Officer Through the goals and targets of the AP‹, organ- The O≈ce of the Chief Financial O≈cer (OCFO) izations establish performance measures for eval- serves as the principal adviser to the Librarian and uating Library operations in terms of results or Deputy Librarian on all financial activities of the Li- outcomes, e≈ciency, and e∑ectiveness. The AP‹ brary.The OCFO directs a comprehensive financial are the foundation for creating the performance management program and is responsible for strate- section of the Library’s annual operating plan, gic planning; annual program performance plan- which must be submitted to Congress within 30 ning; formulation, presentation, and execution of days after the budget is enacted. the Library’s budget; establishment and monitoring By working with service and support units to es- of financial systems controlling the expenditure and tablish baseline measurements for the Strategic reporting of funds; financial reports; and establish- Plan measures, SPO focused on improving the Li- ment of all budgetary and accounting standards. brary’s performance measurement e∑orts. The fo- Under the Legislative Branch Appropriations cus will continue into fiscal 2005. Act of 2004 (PL 108–83), which was signed by the On a quarterly basis throughout fiscal 2004, president on September 30, 2003, the Library re- SPO requested that each of the service and sup- ceived $562,619,000, including authority to spend port units review and evaluate their performance $36,514,000 in receipts. However, Public Law for each AP‹ goal using green, amber, or red to in- 108–199, signed by the president on January 24, dicate progress toward achieving the goals. SPO 2004, included a 0.59 percent across-the-board consolidated and analyzed the results of those rescission of federal agency budgets, which re- quarterly evaluations for senior management and sulted in fiscal 2004 appropriations for the Li- posted the detailed reports on the Library’s sta∑ brary of $559,299,548, including authority to spend home page. $36,298,567 in receipts. During the year, SPO organized and led the Planning Working Group. That group, whose Strategic Planning O≈ce. The Strategic Planning membership roll includes the planners from all O≈ce (SPO) in the OCFO continued to improve the Library’s organizations, met several times with the Library’s Planning, Programming, Budgeting, the specific purpose of improving the Planning, Execution, and Evaluation System. The system is Programming, Budgeting, Execution, and Evalua-

134 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 tion System. The group streamlined the support the Library developed pay-raise and inflation rates coordination process; eliminated a significant that were used by all the legislative branch agencies amount of paperwork; and, most important, im- in their congressional budget submission. proved the level of coordination through struc- The Library took the lead in developing operating- tured, face-to-face meetings between support base definitions by dividing pay-related costs into providers and their customers. three subcategories (mandatory or required by law, SPO explored the use of Momentum, the new relatively uncontrollable costs, and relatively con- central financial management system, to create an trollable costs). Those definitions were important online form for AP‹. The form serves as the front- because they could a∑ect the approval or rescission end access to a searchable and sortable relational of funds in future budgets. All definitions were ac- database in which users can review the plans and cepted and approved by the congressional appro- managers can create both standard and ad hoc re- priations subcommittees. The Library sought and ports. Although the development e∑ort is on hold won approval from the congressional appropria- during Phases 1 and 2 of the Momentum imple- tions committees on presentations of organiza- mentation, SPO hopes that Momentum eventu- tional and sta≈ng data in the fiscal 2005 submis- ally will be able to provide the needed capability. sion. This new requirement resulted in sixteen additional charts in the budget document. The Budget O≈ce. The Fiscal 2004 Legislative Branch committees also accepted the Library’s recommen- Appropriations bill was one of only three bills that dation to eliminate the gift and trust fund chapter Congress passed before October 1, 2003, allowing in the congressional budget submission for fiscal the Library of Congress to start the year with full 2005. The reformatted budget document reflected funding. As required by law, the Library prepared past accomplishments and future priorities and was and submitted its annual operating plan to Con- consistent with the Library Strategic Plan’s goals gress within 30 days following enactment of the and objectives—another new requirement. bill. The financial section of the plan was particu- After the submission of the fiscal 2005 budget re- larly complicated because pay had to be readjusted quest, the Library, along with all legislative branch for the actual pay raise of 4.42 percent rather than agencies, prepared impact statements on receiving a the 3.7 percent budgeted amount. Both pay and flat budget in fiscal 2005. Other recalculations of other matters had to be adjusted to cover an across- the fiscal 2005 budget were also required on the ba- the-board rescission. The operating plan also in- sis of di∑erent economic assumptions, recently corporated several major o≈ce realignments within passed laws regarding overtime and Federal Em- the Library that required establishing new codes in ployees Retirement System increases, and other several of the Library’s major financial and person- possibilities defined by the appropriations com- nel systems. All requested reprogramming and mittees. At year’s end, the Fiscal 2005 Legislative changes in the plan were approved by Congress. Branch Appropriations bill was still pending.* The Library submitted its congressional budget request for fiscal 2005 by the deadline of January *The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2005 (PL 108–447), 2005 despite di≈culties posed by new guidelines, signed by the president on December 8,2004,provided a fiscal new formats, additional requirements, and chang- 2005 appropriation for the Library of $589,587,000. This ing budget assumptions, which created a dynamic public law also called for a 0.8 percent rescission of federal agency budgets,which resulted in an appropriation for the budget formulation year. Working with the Leg- Library of $584,870,304, including authority to spend islative Branch Financial Management Council, $39,508,384 in receipts.

office of the librarian 135 The Budget O≈ce began the budget formulation The Budget O≈ce established a new Budget process for fiscal 2006,a process that starts eighteen Working Group for fund managers of nonappro- months in advance of the fiscal year. The Library priated funds to help improve the overall manage- continued to improve its budget process. The Bud- ment of nonappropriated funds. (A Budget Work- get O≈ce was added in the approval process of all ing Group for appropriated funds managers already personnel actions processed in LEADS (the Library exists.) Other actions—such as the establishment Employee Automated Data System) to ensure that of additional funding codes to track new, sensitive, all personnel actions were within authorized full- or major budget costs; the enhancement of the Li- time-equivalent ceilings, were consistent with con- brary’s coding manual to include budget object class gressional guidance, and were coded correctly for definitions, purchase card guidance, O≈ce of Man- consistency between organizational and pay codes. agement and Budget object classifications, and a The status-of-funds documents were revised and subject index to assist users in selecting the ap- enhanced to capture more data on sta≈ng and pay- propriate code for financial transactions; and the related costs. Separate codes were established for Budget O≈ce’s active participation in drafting o∑setting collections and appropriated funds for Library-wide regulations, directives, and analysis three accounts to correct past reporting errors in of Library-wide programs—continued to improve direct and reimbursable expenditures in the Trea- the management, accountability, and use of the sury’s FACTS II and the O≈ce of Management Library’s budgetary resources. and Budget’s MAX reporting systems.This change eliminated the need for manual calculations, ad- Accounting Operations O≈ce. During the year, Ac- justments, transfers, and other manipulation of counting Operations (AO) received significantly funds between the annual direct and no-year o∑- more invoices in electronic formats by e-mail and setting collections. continued scanning invoices received in the mail to The OCFO took the lead in conducting a Li- facilitate the electronic routing of invoices for ap- brary-wide review of the Call Accounting System proval.The AO continued expanding the process of database, which is used to record and report sta- accepting invoice approvals by e-mail to process pay- tistical data on telephone usage and to ensure that ments more e≈ciently.As a result of e∑orts to con- local and long-distance telephone charges were tinuously improve invoice processing e≈ciency, the distributed in a fair and equitable manner. Un- AO was able to process 93 percent of invoices within funded or unnecessary lines were disconnected, thirty days.This accomplishment is consistent with and phone data were reviewed to ensure consis- last year’s percentage and 3 percent above the stan- tency with organizational structures and current dard established for the year. The Library also paid sta∑ members. 99 percent of its eligible recipients through elec- The first OCFO Directive on Entertainment tronic funds transfer,including 95 percent of vendor Expenses (meals) for Employees was developed payments. (Electronic payments are mandated by and activated—a joint project between OCFO and the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996.) the O≈ce of the General Counsel. New guidelines The Library continued to encourage use of credit were developed for the formulation and execution cards for small purchases while improving the ac- of nonappropriated funds, including the reporting countability of the credit card process by imple- of interagency and intra-agency agreements (with menting prepayment reviews and timely reconcil- data on intra-agency agreements limited to cur- iation of the purchase card accounts. For fiscal rent year only). 2004, the Library discontinued use of an on-site

136 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 travel management contractor. This transition has vestment Committee, the DO is continuing a resulted in cost savings to the Library. The AO con- study on alternative portfolios to assist the Invest- tinued to support the Momentum implementation ment Committee in making definitive investment and expects major changes to its workflow and po- recommendations to the Librarian and the Trust sition descriptions as well as increased e≈ciency in Fund Board. making payments and processing reimbursable travel transactions. Financial Reports O≈ce. The Financial Reports O≈ce (FRO) prepared five sets of fiscal 2003 Disbursing O≈ce. The Disbursing O≈ce (DO) con- financial statements for audit: the Library of Con- tinued to focus its attention on improvements in gress Consolidated, the James Madison Council cash management and on the use of technology. Trust Fund, the National Digital Library Trust Major accomplishments included increased coor- Fund, the Cooperative Acquisition Program Re- dination with the E-Government Working Group volving Fund, and the Capitol Preservation Com- and the transition to the Treasury Department’s mission.The FRO’s preparation and coordination PAY.GOV platform for receipt of credit card and led to the Library’s receiving the eighth “clean” au- electronic fund payments for the many service dit opinion for the Consolidated Financial State- units, such as the Retail Sales Shop, the Photo- ments, as well as continued “clean” opinions for the duplication Section, and the Catalog Distribution other four financial statements. Service. Use of this system not only speeds up pay- The FRO provided technical support in the ment receipts, but also has expanded sales of prod- configuration of the new financial management uct lines, thereby bringing in much higher revenue. system. While senior sta∑ members participated Additionally, to speed up customer service, as well directly with workflow and the configuration of as to comply with U.S.Treasury requirements, the tables, other senior and junior sta∑ members sup- DO successfully switched to electronic reporting of ported those tasks, addressed data conversion is- Treasury checks written each month. With the sues, and filled in on normal operational duties in switch to the new central financial management the absence of senior sta∑ members. In fiscal 2004, system, the DO will actually report bi-weekly, the FRO continued its process of conforming to which will be a significant accomplishment in bal- the government-wide acceleration of monthly, ancing the Library’s cash books with Treasury. quarterly,and yearly reporting of data to the Trea- In coordination with Information Technology sury Department. The FRO submitted the Li- Services, the DO implemented the ccmMercury brary’s proprietary financial data (and that of software for capturing data related to deposits and cross-serviced agencies) almost one month earlier supporting documentation.The switch from paper than in the previous fiscal year. Finally, the FRO copies to the ccmMercury database system a∑ords led the second Indirect Cost Committee, which the service units online access to deposit informa- resulted in approval by that committee and the tion. The change significantly reduces paper and Executive Committee of a methodology for cal- photocopying costs for the Library. culating the fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2006 indirect The DO also prepared investment results and cost rates. recommendations for resolving the problem of un- derwater endowments, which was accepted by the Financial Systems O≈ce. During fiscal 2004, the Li- Investment Committee and forwarded to the Trust brary’s central financial management system (the Fund Board for a vote. At the request of the In- existing federal finance system) processed 190,433

office of the librarian 137 documents that contained 292,857 lines of trans- ules. The training allowed sta∑ members to famil- actions for the Library and all cross-serviced agen- iarize themselves with document processing within cies. Purchase and payment transactions domi- Momentum before the actual implementation. nated processing with a combined total of more At year’s end, Momentum was scheduled to be than 179,944 lines of transactions. implemented on October 1, 2004, with approxi- The Financial Systems O≈ce (FSO) completed mately 500 users. all tasks scheduled for Phase 1 implementation of Momentum, the Library’s new central financial Human Resources Services management system. Phase 1 included system installation, implementation project planning, work- Human Resources Services (HRS) delivered e≈- flow analysis and table configuration, transaction cient and e∑ective services to its many and varied analysis, data conversion, performance stress test- customers in fiscal 2004 and strengthened Library ing, interface development, nightly and daily cycle operations by reaching numerous agreements with development, and training. Phase 1 focused on labor organizations. HRS addressed all grievances replicating the existing system’s functionality in in a timely manner; provided expert employee rela- Momentum. tions services; and ensured comprehensive per- Specifically,the FSO worked with the contractor, formance management program design, training, CGI-AMS, and representatives from each of the and oversight. It helped managers and supervisors OCFO o≈ces and Library service units to com- make more than 400 competitive selections,stream- plete the new system’s Phase 1 tasks. Workflow lined the hiring process, improved time and atten- guides for Momentum transactions were defined dance functions in all service units, and expanded and were used for the basis of training. The FSO employee assistance services to sta∑ members. In developed a Web site, which provides access to all of addition, HRS enhanced the senior-level program, the system’s project deliverables, meeting notes, sta- supported workforce and succession planning, and tus reports, training materials, and other project gave Library o≈ces new automation tools to meet documentation. The FSO worked with Informa- their human resources needs. tion Technology Services to develop the certification and accreditation materials required by LCR O≈ce of Workforce Management. The O≈ce of Work- 1620 IT Security. In addition to completing imple- force Management supports the Library’s goal of be- mentation tasks for Phase 1, the FSO converted the coming a performance-based organization through Financial Reporting System reports and nightly cy- the design of programs and policies. The o≈ce cle procedures to work with the Momentum data- manages all aspects of labor and employee rela- base. The OCFO sta∑ members assisted CGI- tions, as well as performance management pro- AMS in conducting the training classes by first grams at the Library. During the past year, the attending the sessions as the subject matter experts o≈ce directed an e∑ort to update human resources and then by procuring the various classrooms, regulations. preparing the training material and binders for The Labor Management Relations team began those attending, setting up the classrooms, and fiscal 2004 with the addition of two labor rela- scheduling the Library and cross-serviced agency tions specialists—one a Presidential Management sta∑ members in the various classes. CGI-AMS Fellow and the other a labor relations specialist trained more than 200 Library sta∑ members on with experience in both union and management approximately twenty di∑erent Momentum mod- issues—who enhanced the e∑ectiveness of the

138 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 team. Early in the fiscal year, the team successfully timely manner. Five grievances were either with- concluded negotiations leading to midterm agree- drawn or amicably settled. One grievance challeng- ments that implement permanently the Library’s ing the security “banner” that appears on the Li- new Web-based time and attendance system brary’s computers at log-on was settled on terms (WebTA),make changes in the selection process satisfactory to all. Four additional grievances were for professional and administrative positions and presented before an arbitrator, with decisions in fa- for the 2004 Voluntary Early Retirement Au- vor of the Library’s position in two cases, both of thority (VERA) program, and extend a voluntary which the Federal Labor Relations Authority up- leave bank pilot program. held on appeal. One of the two cases decided Additional midterm negotiations throughout the against the Library is pending on appeal before the fiscal year resulted in a number of agreements, in- Federal Labor Relations Authority, which dis- cluding the following: a GS-13 promotion plan for missed two of the three unfair labor practice acquisitions specialists in Library Services, a new charges filed by unions against the Library and at Multiyear A≈rmative Employment Program Plan, year’s end had not yet issued a determination on the the implementation of a new computer system in remaining matter. The Labor Management Rela- the Motion Picture Broadcasting and Recorded tions team also responded to numerous informa- Sound (MBRS) division of Library Services, and tion requests, thus satisfying statutory obligations. the extension of a telework pilot program. Other The Employee Relations team conducted 320 midterm agreements benefiting the Library and consultations. It processed thirty-two adverse ac- its sta∑ members included a Memorandum of tions, sixty-seven counseling memos, twenty-seven Understanding addressing some concerns of em- final letters, nine notices of appeal, nine separa- ployees in MBRS and in the Special Materials tions or disqualifications, one termination of tem- Cataloging Division of Library Services who have porary employment, ten notices of intent to deny decided not to relocate to the Library’s new Cul- within-grade increases, five event reports, seven in- peper facility. It also covered conversion of some formation requests, and seventeen oral or written MBRS employees with time-limited appoint- warnings regarding performance. ments to permanent positions. In addition, a The O≈ce of Workforce Management contin- Memorandum of Understanding renewing the ued the function of performance management, Leadership Development Program will provide which was added to its responsibilities in fiscal opportunities for individuals from diverse back- 2003. During the year, the o≈ce established inter- grounds—including minorities, women, and per- mediate and long-term objectives for the persons with disabilities—who have potential for formance management program that were re- greater responsibility to participate in develop- sponsive to the Library’s objectives, priorities, and mental experiences in professional and adminis- regulatory constraints. It reviewed performance trative positions. management policies and practices in other agen- During the year, the Labor Management Rela- cies and determined that two of the Library’s new tions sta∑ recorded forty-eight midterm bargaining approaches—training managers on the entire per- agreements, four unfair labor practice charges, formance management cycle (rather than just the thirty-one grievances, thirty-eight information re- completion of performance appraisal forms) and quests, and forty-six requests for waivers. The Li- introducing the practice of using foundational brary’s position was e∑ectively presented, and all performance plans—were best practices, which grievances were investigated and handled in a were not found in most other agencies.

office of the librarian 139 The o≈ce updated the performance appraisal sis of the recommendations from a Library-wide tracking module, which was added to the Library’s task force after completing a Memorandum of Human Resources Information System in April Understanding with the a∑ected labor organiza- 2003.This module records the dates and overall rat- tions. Those changes focused on streamlining ad- ings of sta∑ members and reminds supervisors and ministrative tasks and reducing the time and work managers when individual performance appraisals to fill vacancies while improving the quality of the are due. The Library completed 2,440 appraisals interview pools. Interim guidances issued in fiscal and was well on the way to completing appraisals for 2004 provided tangible evidence of the process all sta∑ members. improvements. The o≈ce continued to review and update the The o≈ce invited all Library service units to de- Library of Congress Regulations in the 2000 series velop revised classification and sta≈ng require- (Personnel Administration), as well as related ments. This invitation resulted in weekly meetings LCRs outside the 2000 series. The oversight will with service unit representatives; focus groups with ensure consistency with applicable laws, govern- management o≈cials, HRS sta∑ members, and ad- mentwide regulations, human resources best prac- ministrative o≈cer personnel; and special meetings tices, and current and projected future needs of with select HRS sta∑ members. In fiscal 2005, ITS the Library’s service and infrastructure units. The intends to conduct a market analysis of current o≈ce sought input from subject-matter experts, vendor products to determine which best meets the from the Library’s HR-21 Steering Committee, and Library’s requirements. HRS and ITS circulated from other sources in the service and infrastructure drafts of the requirements document for comments units. Among the 103 LCRs requiring review, 10 in June, incorporated extensive comments from were issued, 21 were in draft form, and 72 await service units, and released the final requirements first drafts by subject-matter experts. document in July for formal approval by heads of the service unit or infrastructure unit. O≈ce of Workforce Acquisitions. The O≈ce of Work- force Acquisitions recruits and hires Library sta∑ O≈ce of Worklife Services. The O≈ce of Worklife members through internal and external partner- Services provides a wide array of human resources ships. The o≈ce ensures a diverse and talented services and information to Library managers and workforce through the design of innovative strate- sta∑ members. Such services include benefits, re- gies that emphasize speed and flexibility. tirement, employee assistance counseling, human In fiscal 2004, managers made 257 professional, resources consultation to managers, personnel ac- administrative, and supervisory technical compet- tion, and payroll processing. itive selections. Some 164 paraprofessional com- Among the most significant accomplishments of petitive selections were made during the year. The Worklife Services during fiscal 2004 was the suc- o≈ce assisted managers in reorganizations of the cessful Library-wide implementation of WebTA,a Asian Division, Information Technology Services Web-based program that allows all employees— (ITS), and Integrated Support Services. independent of location—to enter and manage The O≈ce of Workforce Acquisitions worked their time and attendance.This e∑ort enabled serv- closely with all service units to improve the e≈ciency ice units to improve their business processes, better and e∑ectiveness of the Library’s position classifica- account for and manage time, and have a planning tion and sta≈ng processes. The Library began im- tool for recordkeeping and audit purposes. This plementing changes to the hiring process on the ba- system allowed Worklife Services to provide more

140 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 e∑ective management of the Library’s leave pro- regular, deferred retirement as opposed to resigna- gram. All donations of leave are now e∑ected election, and early retirement under Voluntary Early tronically and with the confidence and confiden- Retirement Authority; discussing Social Security tiality necessary for all employees to manage their and Medicare benefits (Windfall and Government leave appropriately. WebTA also enhanced man- Pensions O∑set); verifying undocumented federal agement of the Library’s leave bank pilot program. service; assessing the e∑ect of sick leave balances on The Technical Services Group of Worklife Serv- Civil Service Retirement System annuities, as well ices continued to provide expert, accurate, and as part-time service or leave without pay; and re- timely support, advice, and assistance to Library sponding to basic retirement benefits questions. service units, management, and sta∑ members. For each of the 140 Library employees who retired During fiscal 2004, those e∑orts included process- during fiscal 2004, o≈ce sta∑ members provided at ing more than 5,000 personnel actions for activities least three counseling sessions, computed annuity such as temporary appointments, promotions, re- estimates, assisted employees in completing their re- assignments, details, retirements, and resignations. tirement applications, verified and signed o∑ on the The group ensured payroll processing for more final separation clearance forms for retirement, pho- than 4,300 Library employees; managed employees’ tocopied the complete retirement packages, and o≈cial personnel files; coordinated the Library’s sent the packages to the National Finance Center. transit subsidy, incentive awards, Combined Fed- Support for the Federal Employees Health Ben- eral Campaign, length of service, and savings bond efits Program, the Federal Employee Group Life programs; served as liaison to the Library’s recog- Insurance Program, and the Thrift Savings Plan nized employee organizations; advised service units included the following: health benefits open season on numerous salary determination issues; pro- changes; temporary continuation of coverage; con- cessed separation clearances; reviewed and ap- tinuation of health coverage for a child with dis- proved advance sick leave requests; and adminis- abilities; eligibility for health coverage; completion tered the Library’s donated leave program. The of Medicare forms; designation of beneficiary Technical Services Group also e≈ciently and e∑ec- forms; and inquiries regarding the Thrift Savings tively managed a retroactive cost-of-living adjust- Plan, including the new catch-up contribution fea- ment that was congressionally mandated for Li- ture, its loan feature, and withdrawal information. brary employees. The o≈ce also contracted for retirement counsel- Worklife Services’ Retirement and Benefits sta∑ ing services, which resulted in improved program members provided extensive support to the Library e≈ciency and reduced costs. community by o∑ering eight retirement planning Worklife Services supported sta∑ members seminars, processing 140 retirements, managing through the Employee Assistance Program (EAP). death cases; and administering the Federal Employ- Sta∑ members conducted nearly 500 counseling ees Health Benefits Program, the Federal Em- sessions covering a wide range of issues concerning ployees Group Life Insurance Program, and the Library employees. Sta∑ members also held nearly Thrift Savings Plan. The health benefits, life in- 1,000 consultations, briefings, and coaching ses- surance, and thrift savings programs each held sions. Those e∑orts included consultations with open seasons during fiscal 2004. Library managers, supervisors, and medical and le- Retirement counseling services included provid- gal personnel; workplace interventions and conflict ing sta∑ members with retirement estimates; ex- resolutions; team-building activities; grief support plaining retirement options, such as disability or sessions; and workshops for Library employees.

office of the librarian 141 Consistent with best practices in the federal and executive positions. On the basis of data analysis, private sector, Worklife Services contracted for HRS recommended changes to the senior-level EAP services at the end of fiscal 2004.This action evaluation criteria and designed requirements for ensured twenty-four-hour sta∑ access to experi- developing a business case to justify new positions. enced and qualified EAP counselors for both cri- The Library’s Performance Review Board (PRB) sis and routine assistance.Web-based information and senior leadership adopted those changes, re- and referral services were also available for urgent, sulting in improved producers for evaluation and nonclinical concerns, such as elder care support. management of senior-level positions. HRS revised the standards used in measuring O≈ce of Strategic Planning and Automation. The O≈ce senior-level performance e∑ectiveness in equal em- of Strategic Planning and Automation ensures that ployment opportunity, a≈rmative action, and di- the Library’s human resources plans, programs, versity.HRS implemented this change for all non- and systems are aligned with the institution’s stra- bargaining unit senior-level employees in January tegic goals and objectives. The o≈ce conducts 2004. In support of this e∑ort, Strategic Planning workforce transition plans to identify current and and Automation assisted a multiservice unit work- future required skill sets, and it assists Library ing group in developing a guide for measuring per- o≈ces in succession and workforce planning ini- formance in this area. tiatives. In addition, it identifies and implements The o≈ce also supported the director for hu- electronic solutions to human resources needs. man resources in her role as chair of the PRB. In In partnership with the OGC and CRO, the that capacity, the director ensured that all senior- O≈ce of Strategic Planning and Automation pro- level employees received fair and timely perform- duced a report titled The Library of Congress Human ance appraisals, as well as prompt pay adjustments Capital Flexibilities Act of 2004, which is designed to and performance awards. O≈ce activities included ensure that the Library provides leave, compensa- monitoring Executive Orders on annual pay ad- tion, and performance options comparable to those justments for senior executives, recommending Li- found in the executive branch and the Government brarian concurrence with the presidential decision, Accountability O≈ce. Recommendations included informing the National Finance Center and senior a proposed bill, section-by-section analysis, and executives of the Librarian’s decision, revising the justification.The OGC, HRS, and CRO provided senior-executive pay table, canvassing the PRB on numerous briefings to Library management per- the proposed formula for performance-based pay sonnel, unions, and employee groups. The package adjustments and guidelines on performance awards, is currently being reviewed by Congress. informing the Librarian of the PRB’s recommen- During fiscal 2004, the O≈ce of Strategic Plan- dations, canvassing the PRB on the performance ning and Automation supported numerous initia- appraisal schedule, informing the Executive Com- tives to enhance the Library’s senior-level program. mittee, calculating the monetary value of senior- In November 2003, HRS sponsored an inaugural level appraisals, and applying those values to the senior-level executive forum. Comptroller General database to coincide with the senior-level regula- of the United States David M. Walker delivered a tion requirements. keynote address that stressed the importance of Strategic Planning and Automation supported human capital management. the Library’s workforce and succession planning The o≈ce also supported an assessment of the initiatives. At the end of fiscal 2003, the o≈ce re- process used to create and manage new senior-level searched various workforce planning tools and pro-

142 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 cedures and acquired high-quality software to 2004 and then successfully shepherded that letter measure workforce skills and skill gaps at minimal through the OPM’s review process.Working closely cost to the Library. The o≈ce is moving forward with the OPM, the Library received VERA au- with a pilot program for testing this tool and is on thority through March 31, 2005. After VERA ap- track for implementation in calendar year 2005. proval, the o≈ce convened a Library-wide working The o≈ce created a workforce and succession group to determine implementation procedures,in- planning guide titled Building the Library’s Future: A cluding establishing service unit eligibility and ap- Guide to Workforce and Succession Planning for Li- plication windows. Those e∑orts led to a VERA brary managers. This guide provided managers program that had full agency support. with (1) the Library’s Workforce Planning Model, (2) information on the Library’s Workforce Plan- Integrated Support Services ning Tool, (3) descriptions of the Library’s current flexibilities and programs that are available to shape During fiscal 2004, Integrated Support Services the workforce, and (4) a template to assess current (ISS) managed contracts for millions of dollars in and future workforce requirements and to identify goods and services for the Library,including custo- short-term and long-term workforce planning goals. dial and food services, furniture and furnishings in- Through an interagency agreement with the stallation, mail services, and photocopy machine U.S. Department of Agriculture, the o≈ce imple- use and maintenance. Sta∑ members of ISS pro- mented the foundational elements of PeopleSoft vided infrastructure support to the Library’s service version 8.8 in September 2004. O≈ce sta∑ mem- and support units throughout the year, including bers developed Library requirements, conducted printing, graphics, transportation, postal, and extensive testing, wrote a comprehensive training freight services from O≈ce Systems Services; facil- guide, trained the Library’s existing LEADS users, ity design and construction, facility operations, and converted all LEADS records into the new sys- public programs support from Facility Services; and tem, and worked closely with U.S. Department of property and supply management, as well as ware- Agriculture in putting the system into production. housing and receiving services through Logistics This Web-based system will serve as the Library’s Services. ISS also ensured the health and safety of Human Resources Information System and will Library sta∑ members through the work of Safety expand to include additional modules, such as per- Services and Health Services. ISS sta∑ members formance management. completed several major renovations and numerous Strategic Planning and Automation continued smaller design projects, and they provided expertise to manage “LC Events,”an online alert system that and consultation in planning for the book storage informs Library sta∑ about important employee facilities and logistics warehouse at the Library’s issues (e.g., benefits open seasons, transit subsidy Fort Meade, Maryland, campus; the Capitol Visitor updates, retirement planning opportunities, her- Center tunnel to the Library; the Copyright O≈ce itage month observances, conferences, and pre- renovation; and the National Audio-Visual Con- sentations). “LC Events” was widely regarded by servation Center in Culpeper,Virginia. sta∑ as an accurate, timely, and e∑ective commu- ISS continued to support the Computers for nications tool. Learning program, established by Executive Order The o≈ce also prepared a letter for the Librar- 12999 to ensure that all American children have ian’s signature requesting O≈ce of Personnel Man- the skills they need to succeed in the information- agement (OPM) approval of VERA for fiscal intensive twenty-first century.To that end, the ISS

office of the librarian 143 Automation Team checked the Library’s surplus (Fast system) and an automated hazard abate- computers for operational capability and cleaned ment system to track abatement of identified their hard drives, and the Logistics sta∑ members safety hazards.The team developed an automated handled storage and shipment to qualified educa- inventory of warehouse storage and provided an tional institutions. In fiscal 2004, the Library do- online supply catalog for Library users.A trained nated 258 computer systems—valued at more than Web master on the team continued editing and $351,000—to seventeen schools and nonprofit or- updating the ISS Web site, which is available Li- ganizations nationwide. brary-wide on the Library’s sta∑ Web page. A permanent ISS director was appointed in Sep- tember 2004. ISS supported the Deputy Librarian Facility Services. Facility Services is responsible for in his role as designated agency safety and health coordinating all space use, maintenance, reloca- o≈cial, and it continued to be responsible for the tion, renovation, new construction, and public day-to-day operation of the Library’s health and programs within the Library’s facilities, including safety program. ISS initiated management review the Library’s three Capitol Hill buildings and the of the Library’s smoking policies and practices as Little Scholars Child Development Center on stated in LCR 1817-7 and recommended to Library East Capitol Street (totaling more than 4 million management the elimination of smoking from all of square feet). It oversees an additional 4 million the Library’s buildings and vehicles in 2005. square feet of leased facility space in the Wash- ington metropolitan area (Landover, Maryland, Directorate O≈ce. In fiscal 2004, ISS managed an and Taylor Street in the District); at the Wright- annual budget of $24 million that included fund- Patterson Air Force Base Film Storage Facility in ing for ISS o≈ces, space rental, and Madison Dayton, Ohio; and at the Library’s Records Re- Building modernization, as well as the processing tention Center in Boyers, Pennsylvania. Facility and delivery of mail. Services also cooperates with the AOC in design The ISS Directorate O≈ce continued to man- and construction of the Library’s book-storage age the Library’s parking program in fiscal 2004. modules at Fort Meade, Maryland, and the Na- The o≈ce received and processed 1,604 parking tional Audio-Visual Conservation Center at Cul- applications, accommodating sta∑ members for peper,Virginia; provides labor support for facility eight di∑erent work shifts. It also accommodated operations; manages the custodial services and the 2,395 o≈cial guest or visitor requests for parking at food services programs; and oversees the use and the Je∑erson West Front Drive, maintaining same- operation of public meeting spaces to facilitate day confirmation response, often within an hour of meetings, workshops, seminars, and receptions for the request. public and private events. The Directorate O≈ce’s Automation Team con- During fiscal 2004, Facility Services moved for- tinued to manage personal computer hardware ward on several initiatives to enhance infrastructure and software needs, network connectivity, and support to Library service units and programs. New telecommunications issues, including mainte- modernization initiatives planned and funded in nance and troubleshooting for all ISS PCs. In 2004 include the acquisition of a state-of-the-art fiscal 2004, the Automation Team implemented computer-aided facility management system and three noteworthy automation improvements, in- procurement of contracts for surveying physical cluding use of the Remedy database program for space, assessing the survey, and entering data into Library-wide, facilities-related requests for service the new space management system. Working with

144 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 ITS and other o≈ces in ISS, Facility Services com- tiatives (OSI) to accommodate 120 new sta∑ pleted the multiyear implementation started in members. FD&C sta∑ members monitored reno- 2002 of a Library-wide automated Request for vation by the AOC of the loading dock adminis- Services system (Fast) to improve service delivery. trative areas of the Madison Building, including Internal realignment in Facility Services, includ- removal of asbestos flooring from those areas. ing separating Facility Operations from Facility They provided planning support for the Capitol Design and Construction (FD&C), improved the Visitor Center tunnel and for additional o∑-site delivery of core services. Facility Services evaluated facilities at Fort Meade, Maryland; at Culpeper, and reengineered the process by which small facil- Virginia; and at the temporary relocation of the ity projects are implemented.This change not only Copyright O≈ce.As part of a multiyear project to reduced the time required to complete small proj- replace furniture in the Madison Building, ects by approximately 75 percent, but also achieved FD&C—with a special budget of $1 million—de- a substantial cost savings for the Library in the ar- signed and purchased 285 additional ergonomic eas of clerical and administrative support. workstations in fiscal 2004. FD&C also began During fiscal 2004, the facility managers con- workstation installation in the Congressional Re- tinued to oversee the Library’s high-profile, multi- search Service. million-dollar food service contract,as well as the Li- The Public Programs Services sta∑ supported a brary’s trash removal and custodial contracts.Under total of 221 public and sta∑ events, including 43 the food service contract,approximately 695,000 pa- events sponsored by the O≈ce of the Librarian, 177 trons were fed in four commercial food facilities events hosted by members of Congress, and many (cafeteria and Montpelier Room in the Madison other Library events such as meetings, seminars, Building, as well as two snack bars: one each in the and conferences. Support included event and room Madison and Adams Buildings). More than 3,042 scheduling, location setup, food service, catering, tons of refuse were removed from the Library’s provision of equipment, and other logistical sup- Capitol Hill facilities and the Little Scholars Child port essential for successful events. Development Center under the trash removal contract, and more than 3 million square feet of sta∑ Health Services O≈ce. The Health Services O≈ce and public space were kept clean by means of the (HSO) sta∑ provided acute and emergency treat- custodial contract. ment to approximately 7,675 sta∑ members and vis- Sta∑ members of the FD&C Section processed itors during fiscal 2004 and responded to seventy- more than 1,800 requests for service, 279 purchase five medical emergencies,eighteen of which were life requisitions, and 184 ergonomic evaluation reports threatening. HSO administered 3,479 flu vaccines on behalf of all the Library’s service and support and 27 pneumonia vaccines for the fiscal year. In ad- units. During the year, FD&C sta∑ members pro- dition, HSO conducted sta∑ health screenings for vided ongoing support for safety and security up- diseases such as diabetes and prostate, ovarian, and grades for the Library’s collections and facilities. breast cancers. As part of its health promotion pro- FD&C sta∑ members completed various projects gram, HSO sponsored six major health forums for ranging from o≈ce renovations and redesigns to Library sta∑ members on topics such as glaucoma, furniture, carpeting, and workstation purchase and depression,nutrition,and long-term care.HSO also replacement. They also completed a 26,000- coordinated a two-day wellness fair that featured in- square-foot programming, design, and procure- teractive programs and access to numerous vendors ment for expansion of the O≈ce of Strategic Ini- of health-related services and products.

office of the librarian 145 HSO trained all 140 Library police o≈cers, all 7 filled 2,125 requisitions with total sales of nearly medical sta∑ members, and 260 nonmedical sta∑ $763,000. In collaboration with the Automation members in administering CPR (cardiopulmonary Team, Logistics Services developed a new online resuscitation) and using automatic external defibril- supply catalog for Library sta∑ customers. lators to support its Public Access Defibrillator pro- The receiving and warehousing operations sta∑ gram.The program was established in fiscal 2002 in manages an 85,000-square-foot warehouse opera- compliance with the Cardiac Arrest Survival Act tion in Landover, Maryland. The sta∑ is also re- and Rural Access to Emergency Devices Act, which sponsible for the receipt, storage, and delivery of are components of the Public Health Improvement materials and supplies destined for the Library’s Act of 2000. In 150 restrooms of the Library’s Capi- Capitol Hill buildings, as well as the pickup, recy- tol Hill and o∑-site buildings, HSO placed posters cling, and disposal of surplus property. In fiscal that were designed by a sta∑ senior nurse practi- 2004, the sta∑ picked up and delivered more than tioner and that emphasized the public health ben- 34,300 items, including furniture and equipment. efits of hand washing. Also in support of public The Library’s Recycling Committee, which is health, HSO hosted twelve Red Cross Bloodmo- chaired by the ISS director, and has representatives bile donation drives, which drew 478 donors and from three ISS divisions (Logistics Services,Facility yielded 373 productive units. Services,and Safety Services),the O≈ce of the Gen- During the year,HSO managed the workers’ com- eral Counsel, and the O≈ce of the Chief Financial pensation program. The o≈ce processed twenty- O≈cer, was busy during the year preparing the eight reportable injury claims, but no illness or oc- framework for a mail recycling program at the Li- cupational repetitive-motion claims. It counseled brary.The committee designed new policies, proce- more than 184 individuals with prospective injury dures, and technologies that will be used to imple- complaints.The Department of Labor’s charge-back ment the program. During fiscal 2003, the Library to the Library for workers’ compensation decreased changed to a recycling contract with the General by 18 percent, a savings of approximately $117,000. Services Administration, which permits a recycling HSO continued to track and issue briefs on contractor to collect the recycled product,process it, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) as a and pay the Library for recycled products at negoti- health threat, which remained an issue for Library ated General Services Administration fees. Under sta∑ members traveling to the Far East.An outbreak this new contract, the Library recycled 510 tons of of avian flu raised the specter of a flu pandemic, to paper and generated $21,437 in revenue during fiscal which HSO responded by procuring additional flu 2004,which will be used to support appropriate Li- vaccines for Library sta∑ members and by arranging brary employee programs and costs associated with to begin its vaccination program for the 2004–2005 recycling initiatives. flu season earlier than usual in the fiscal year. Logistics Services coordinated and supported the Computers for Learning program by publicizing Logistics Services. Logistics Services accounts for and the program, receiving and processing the requests, ensures proper use and disposal of more than storing equipment, shipping it to educational and 100,000 line items of Library property valued at nonprofit institutions, and maintaining the records. more than $326 million. It manages a reimbursable supply operation so the Library can buy commonly O≈ce Systems Services. O≈ce Systems Services used o≈ce supplies in bulk to take advantage of (OSS) continued to meet the printing, postal, volume discounts. In fiscal 2004, this operation freight, transportation, and records management

146 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 needs of the Library.The security and integrity of compared to 64 in fiscal 2003.The Simplified Pur- the Library’s mail system remained a high priority chase Agreement adds a 7 percent surcharge to or- in fiscal 2004. The OSS tracked high-security ders instead of the Government Printing O≈ce mail processing for all Library o≈ces. It continued surcharge of 14 percent.The Printing Management to represent the Library on the House and Senate Section coordinated the Library’s administrative Joint Mail Management Task Force, which is copier program, through which Library sta∑ mem- charged with implementing new protocols related bers made more than 14 million copies or impres- to mail delivery and distribution on Capitol Hill, sions in fiscal 2004 at an average cost of eight cents changes necessitated by the October 2001 anthrax per copy. attacks. The Memorandum of Understanding The Transportation Services Unit continued to among the House, Senate, and Library was provide transportation services for Library of Con- amended to incorporate the enhanced security gress sta∑ members, o≈cials, and special guests, protocols for all first-class mail and went into including the secretary of state and White House e∑ect in February 2004.The changes followed the guests who attended the National Book Festival. ricin attack at the Dirksen Senate O≈ce Building. The unit managed a fleet of twenty-two vehicles The OSS also submitted an Addendum to the and provided daily shuttle service to the Library Memorandum of Understanding for the contin- annexes and to the State Department for confiden- ued support in fiscal 2005 of co-located mail op- tial mail and telegrams destined for the Library. erations. It included fully implemented new Li- The Records Management Section responded brary-wide procedures for secure receipt, testing, to more than 200 records management inquiries and delivery of commercial courier and messenger from Library divisions and congressional o≈ces deliveries to the Library through a newly estab- regarding records scheduling, subject file classifica- lished congressional courier acceptance site. tions, and disposition. The o≈ce responded to The OSS sta∑ monitored contractor-provided thirty-seven Freedom of Information Act requests mail operations during the year. The o≈ce con- within ten days. It processed more than 300 re- tinued to archive two copies of all Library of Con- quests to reprint forms.The unit continued to progress publications. More than 2 million pieces of vide technical support on its electronic forms pilot mail were received and distributed safely during program, as well as to revise and design eighteen the year. new electronic forms. The unit processed more The Printing Management Section supported than 979 cubic feet of Library records for tempo- the Library’s printing needs by providing compo- rary storage. sition, proofreading, graphics, and printing work The Correspondence Control Unit of the Rec- for posters, reports, brochures, and calendars for ords Management Section continued to scan, clas- major Library exhibitions; for special events; and sify,and route the Librarian’s correspondence elec- for other Library programs, such as the National tronically using the ccmMercury software system Book Festival,Veterans History Project, and Madi- and to archive hard-copy original documents in son Council functions.The printing specialist team the unit. In fiscal 2004, the unit recorded 6,709 conducted more than fifty press-sheet inspections. entries in its automated electronic system, includ- Print managers provided 2,604 estimates for in- ing classifying 6,241 pieces of Librarian’s corre- house printing that resulted in 2,525 actual orders. spondence. During the year, sta∑ members re- The number of printing orders placed using the trieved 399 files and letters at the request of the Simplified Purchase Agreement increased to 115 Librarian’s o≈ce, conducted numerous specialized

office of the librarian 147 searches, and filed 6,299 documents. In fiscal 2004, were drafted; they address inspection protocols, the unit continued to provide technical assistance personal protective equipment, machine guarding, and expert advice to other Library o≈ces now us- and control of hazardous energy. The directives ing the ccmMercury correspondence-tracking sys- serve as a mechanism for implementing legal re- tem. The unit continued to maintain the o≈cial quirements and recommended practices of federal history of the Library of Congress Regulations, in- and nationally recognized safety standards. Also cluding all the transmittals, and to prepare and developed were a “Hazard Assessment Checklist” send to a bindery the Library of Congress Information for personal protection equipment and an equip- Bulletin,the Gazette, and the annual reports for Li- ment inventory safety evaluation document. The brary divisions. division supported the OGC by participating in meetings and negotiations and by drafting written Safety Services. Safety Services added two additional replies for matters raised by the congressional professional sta∑ positions with special funding O≈ce of Compliance. received from Congress to modernize the Library’s Safety Services partnered with Facility Services Safety Services operation. Safety Services coordi- and the Architect of the Capitol to provide the Li- nated the Library’s planning and implementation brary with design reviews on building construc- of a comprehensive Library-wide safety training tion projects to ensure that the projects meet cur- program, also specially funded by Congress. It im- rent regulatory fire and life safety requirements. In plemented a Remedy-based Automated Hazard fiscal 2004, this work included deck renovations in Abatement Program tracking system for sta∑ mem- the Je∑erson Building, planned construction for bers to record safety hazards identified in the work- the O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives and the Serial place in a database and to track the hazards until Records Division in Library Services, and tempo- corrective action is complete. rary relocation of the Copyright O≈ce. Safety Services reported that the Library com- During the year, the division provided fire and pleted the fiscal year with a lost-time injury rate of life safety reviews, professional engineering advice, 0.3 injuries per 200,000 hours worked—down 50 and safety management services for numerous percent from the previous year and well below the projects, including for secured storage room proj- projected rate of 1.4 injuries.According to the lat- ects that are under way in the Music Division, est data available from the Bureau of Labor Sta- Prints and Photographs Division, and Geography tistics, other libraries and museums have, on aver- and Map Division; for renovation of historic space age, almost three times as many lost-time mishaps in the Je∑erson Building for the Kislak collection; annually. The total workforce of the federal gov- and for building modifications to accommodate a ernment has, on average, more than thirteen times new ATM machine for the Library’s Federal Credit as many lost-time accidents per year as the Li- Union. Safety Services participated on the design brary of Congress. and construction team that remodeled the Pick- During fiscal 2004, Safety Services completed ford Theater so it could meet requirements of the four initial directives in the new series of “Safety Americans with Disabilities Act. In addition, Safety Services Directives” that will provide requirements Services reviewed and approved the safety aspects and guidelines for implementing national safety of more than 140 of FD&C’s space modification standards at the Library. Those directives address projects. administration, life safety,ergonomics, and forklift Safety Services coordinated an Ergonomics Pro- operation. Four new occupational safety directives gram for the Library, providing comprehensive

148 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 ergonomic consultations to 225 Library employees Safety Services prepared a scope document and and assisting in the design of workstations and the assisted with procurement of a licensed fire pro- purchase of equipment for the Madison work- tection engineering firm to develop specialized station replacement project. training that would assist FD&C designers with In cooperation with the Library’s Joint Labor– application of the Life Safety Code to Library Management Health and Safety Committee, Safety projects. It also initiated a comprehensive chem- Services completed health and safety audits of ical inventory program to identify the location in Library facilities totaling more than 4 million Library facilities of hazardous materials used in square feet of o≈ce, collection, and assembly the workplace, to establish the maintenance of space in Library buildings. Identified hazards up-to-date lists of hazardous materials held by were entered into the Automated Hazard Abate- operating units, and to create both a written haz- ment Program system and were sent to the units ard communication program and a written chem- responsible for corrective action. ical hygiene program for the Library.

In a panel painted by Edward J. Holslag below the dome in the Librarian’s ceremonial o≈ce, a young woman ponders the meaning of the book she has just closed beneath a pennant whose motto translastes, “Books, the Delight of the Soul.”

office of the librarian 149

Office of Strategic Initiatives

he O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives (OSI) institutionwide resource for information relevant completed its third fiscal year of opera- to managing digital content at the Library. In ad- Ttion in fiscal year 2004. OSI is charged dition, OSI developed a new Digital Formats Web with institutionwide management and oversight site to support both strategic planning and indi- of the Library’s digital initiatives and technology vidual selection decisions regarding digital content requirements. Its services include digital conver- and its preservation at the Library of Congress. sion of the Library’s primary source materials for Over time, the site will o∑er an increasing inven- broad public access through the Web, manage- tory of information about current and emerging ment of many of the Library’s most popular pub- formats that may be promising for long-term stor- lic Web sites, and information technology sup- age and preservation. port for the institution. In fiscal 2004, OSI initiated a Web Capture OSI also leads the National Digital Informa- Team to collect, ingest, acquire, and archive “born- tion Infrastructure and Preservation Program digital” content in the form of Web sites. Because (NDIIPP), a congressionally mandated initiative there is usually no analog (physical) version of ma- to collect and preserve significant materials in dig- terials that are created solely in digital formats, ital formats for current and future generations of born-digital materials such as Web sites are at users. In fiscal 2004, OSI’s major focus was con- much greater risk either of being lost and no tinued planning for NDIIPP. longer available as historical resources or of being To improve communication with the Library altered, thereby preventing future researchers from sta∑ members, OSI launched its Intranet in April studying them in their original form. During the 2004.Another new site for sta∑ members, the Dig- year, the OSI Web Capture Team collected ital Strategy and Initiatives Intranet, serves as an 4.3 terabytes of Web sites relating to the 2004 elections, the war in Iraq, the 108th Congress, and Euphrosyne, one of the three Graces in Greek mythology, was public policy topics. The team participated in the painted by Frank Weston Benson and adorns the vault of the International Internet Preservation Consortium south corridor on the Je∑erson Building’s second floor. made up of eleven national libraries (including the

151 Library of Congress) and the Internet Archive. shared costs to execute the cooperative preserva- The International Internet Preservation Consor- tion program. The institutions will share respon- tium is cooperatively developing tools for Web sibilities for preserving at-risk, born-digital mate- collection and archiving. rials of significant cultural and historical value to the nation. The three-year preservation projects that will receive Library funding include digital National Digital Information content relating to important people, events, and Infrastructure and movements that have had a major e∑ect on the na- Preservation Program tion’s history, such as the birth of the dot-com era, In December 2000, Congress authorized the Li- satellite mapping, public television programs, his- brary of Congress to develop and execute a con- torical aerial photography, and opinion polls and gressionally approved plan for NDIIPP.The pro- voting records. gram is funded by a fiscal 2001 appropriation of In June 2004, NDIIPP partnered with the Na- $99.8 million from the U.S. Congress, which asked tional Science Foundation to establish the first re- the Library to lead this nationwide e∑ort “in col- search grants program to specifically address digital laboration with other federal and nonfederal enti- preservation.The National Science Foundation will ties.” NDIIPP is working to develop (1) a nation- administer the program, which will fund cutting- wide network of partners committed to collecting edge research to support the long-term manage- and preserving at-risk digital material of vital im- ment of digital information. This digital archiving portance to the nation; (2) a technical infrastruc- and long-term preservation research program will ture to support long-term preservation of those make approximately $2 million in initial awards us- materials; and (3) a research program to develop ing NDIIPP funds. Proposals are being sought in advanced technology, tools, and methods for digi- three main focus areas: digital repository models; tal preservation. tools, technologies, and processes; and organiza- In August 2003, NDIIPP issued its first “Pro- tional, economic, and policy issues. Awards will be gram Announcement to Support Building a Net- announced early in fiscal 2005. work of Partners.”The deadline for submitting proposals was November 12, 2003. All qualified National Digital Library Program proposals were reviewed by a panel of experts assembled by the National Endowment for the Hu- During fiscal 2004, the National Digital Library manities. Librarian of Congress James H. Billington program continued to receive widespread praise as made the final selections; on September 30, 2004, a provider of free, high-quality, and educationally the Library announced awards totaling more than valuable American cultural and historical resources $13.9 million to eight lead institutions and their on the Library’s Web site. The American Memory partners. (See also Appendix I: Online Collections, Web site, America’s Library (for children and fam- Exhibitions, and Cooperative Digital Projects.) ilies),Today in History, Wise Guide,and THOMAS Those institutions—the first formal NDIIPP part- legislative information system reach millions of ners—have agreed to identify, collect, and preserve Americans and people around the world with their historically important digital materials within a na- high-quality commercial-free content that draws on tionwide digital preservation infrastructure. The the riches of the Library and other institutions. At awards from the Library will be matched dollar for fiscal year’s end, more than 9.2 million items from dollar by the winning institutions in the form of the Library of Congress and other partner institu-

152 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Associate Librarian for Strategic Initiatives Laura Campbell (left) reports to the National Digital Strategy Advisory Board on progress made by the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. tions were available online or in digital archives, in- Collaborative Digital Initiatives. Work continued on cluding 744,105 items added in fiscal 2004. expansion of the Global Gateway Web site, a por- Three new collections of historical multimedia tal to the Library’s unparalleled international col- were added to the American Memory Web site lections with links to information from other ma- during the fiscal year, bringing the total to 126. jor repositories worldwide. Redesign of the site Eight existing collections were expanded with new began in fiscal 2004, and implementation is ex- content. Those additions included the George pected in fiscal 2005. New content was added to Washington, Thomas Je∑erson, and Alexander several existing Global Gateway presentations, in- Bell Family papers that rendered the collections cluding Meeting of Frontiers: Siberia, Alaska, and complete. In addition, seven new Library exhibi- the American West; The Atlantic World: America tions were mounted on the Library’s Web site by and the Netherlands; and United States and Brazil: the Information Technology Services’ Digital Scan Expanding Frontiers, Comparing Cultures. Fiscal Center. (See also Appendix I: Online Collections, 2004 additions included Selections from the Naxi Exhibitions, and Cooperative Digital Projects.) Manuscript Collection, which featured ceremonial At year’s end, the redesign of the American Mem- writings of the Naxi people of China’s Yunnan ory Web site was nearly completed by Information Province, and The Lewis Carroll Scrapbook, an Technology Services and Web Services. Imple- original scrapbook kept by the Victorian-era chil- mentation is expected early in fiscal 2005. dren’s author between 1855 and 1872.

office of strategic initiatives 153 The OSI assisted the Library’s Prints and Photo- America’s Library continued to attract users graphs Division in making available online several with new content, including interactive games and of its most popular and important collections of other activities. materials.These sites include American Cities and The Learning Page’s Web site is designed spe- Landscapes: Carol M. Highsmith Collection, ciﬁcally to help teachers use the Library’s online American Political Prints,The Middle East in Pic- primary source materials in the classroom. It o∑ers tures, and the National Child Labor Committee ready-to-use, teacher-tested lesson plans, activi- Collection. ties, and features, as well as a Community Center chat room that puts teachers in touch with one an- Educational Outreach. The OSI continued to reach other on a variety of education topics.Among the out to the education community through its pro- new o∑erings added to the Learning Page during grams for educators and their students and through the year are an updated “Getting Started” section its various Web sites, such as America’s Library,the to ease usability; four features and activities, four Learning Page,Today in History,and Wise Guide (a lesson plans, and four Community Center chat joint project with the Public A∑airs O≈ce). rooms; and ﬁve “Collection Connections,” which

The George Washington Papers and the Thomas Je∑erson Papers were mounted on the Library’s American Memory Web site for use by researchers around the world. Right. George Washington by Gilbert Stuart. Below. Thomas Je∑erson by Henry Robinson.

154 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 point teachers to highlights of the American Mem- tendees) and the National Educational Comput- ory Web site. ing Conference (17,000 attendees). Sta∑ members Today in History, a Web site based on materials also made presentations during the Library’s Na- in American Memory,continued to o∑er informational Book Festival and in five states and the Dis- tion about the events that occurred on any given trict of Columbia, reaching more than 800 teach- day in history.The site was in the process of being ers. More than 600 educators attended twenty-six redesigned in fiscal 2004. workshops held at the Library of Congress, and The Library’s monthly magazine, the Wise Guide, more than two dozen videoconferences reached is designed as a Web portal to introduce users to teachers nationwide. the many fascinating, educational, and useful resources available from the Library online.The Wise Information Technology Services Guide was refreshed monthly throughout the year, with articles and links to the best of the Library’s Information Technology Services (ITS) supports online materials in its other Web sites. the technology needs of all Library service units The Adventure of the American Mind program and their sta∑ members. In fiscal 2004, ITS initi- grew to include nineteen partners in six states— ated significant strategies to ensure the current and Colorado, Illinois, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, future soundness of the Library’s technical infra- South Carolina, and Virginia. Created by Congress structure.With those strategies, ITS will continue and implemented by the Library of Congress with to provide the highest levels of service to Congress the Educational and Research Consortium of the and the public through the Library’s digital initia- Western Carolinas,the program brings the riches of tives and business applications. the Library’s online collections to students in the In fiscal 2004, while maintaining more than 200 classroom by providing educators with the tools and enterprise-level applications, research and devel- training to integrate the primary resources into their opment sta∑ members initiated myriad e∑orts to teaching. Several new partners joined the Adven- improve work processes and applied them to more ture program in fiscal 2004. They included Barat than a dozen new development e∑orts, including Educational Foundation, Eastern Illinois Univer- several large projects. On the infrastructure side, sity, and Illinois State University (all from Illinois); sta∑ members made enormous advances in posi- California University and Waynesburg College (both tioning the Library for the huge amounts of digital from Pennsylvania); and Metropolitan State College materials to be acquired and produced as part of (Colorado).During the year,the Library hosted two the National Digital Library, NDIIPP,and other orientation sessions for new partners of the pro- Library programs. Several studies initiated in fiscal gram, bringing directors from all partner schools to 2004 will be completed in fiscal 2005 and will serve the Library for professional development activities, as an architectural roadmap for the further evolu- curatorial visits,and program meetings.The Library tion of the infrastructure. sta∑ made presentations with seven program directors at eighteen workshops in four states, reaching Service to Congress and the Public. The Library’s on- more than 600 educators. line computer resources attracted an even greater The Educational Outreach sta∑ of OSI reaches number of users than in previous years. In fiscal other teachers in the nation through workshops 2004, there were more than 3.3 billion Internet and presentations at major conferences such as transactions, or hits, on the Library’s Web sites, an the National Council for Social Studies (4,000 at- increase of 0.8 billion over fiscal 2003.

office of strategic initiatives 155 The American Memory Web site continued to be the Library’s most popular, registering more than 617 million hits in fiscal 2004—more than 50 million above the previous year.The America’s Li- brary Web site for children and families handled 218 million hits in fiscal 2004 as compared with 184 million hits the previous year. The THOMAS public legislative information system and online Library exhibitions remained popular sites on the Library’s Web, receiving 150 million and 130 million hits, respectively. To improve service on those popular sites, ITS launched an upgraded Web site search engine, implemented enhancements to the Legislative Infor- mation System for Congress, installed new features for THOMAS,and began work on implementing a new American Memory interface design to improve navigation of the growing number of collections. ITS brought more processing power to the Li- Information Technology Services supports the CyberLC Web brary’s Integrated Library System to meet increas- site, which o∑ers the Library’s audio and video Webcasts. ing demand from all sectors. The upgrades allow for doubling the number of sessions available for Digital Library. ITS made available four Web search and retrieval. archives collections hosted at the Library in sup- In addition, ITS doubled the number of multi- port of NDIIPP. media programs that are captured, edited, and dis- As the Library assumed a larger leadership role in tributed through the Library’s Web site. Programs establishing standards, specifications, and processes made available on the Library’s CyberLC page infor preservation of digital content, ITS continued clude the Congressional Medal of Honor Award to provide analysis and technical evaluation, as well ceremonies, the news conference for opening the as the infrastructure to support and sustain digital papers of Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Black- materials collected by the Library,such as Web con- mun, the National Book Festival, the events of the tent and audiovisual collections. ITS supported a World War II Memorial and Veterans History Pro- range of pilot projects, such as those for electronic ject, the Kluge Center scholarly lectures and con- journals and digital copyright deposits. ferences, the exhibition openings, and the Living Legend Award events for Dave Brubeck and Odetta. Strategies for Sustaining the Infrastructure. To e n s u re that the Library’s technical infrastructure is avail- Support of Digital Initiatives. ITS worked closely able and sustainable for current and future opera- within the OSI and with Library Services on a tions, ITS launched a number of multiyear initia- range of research and development projects to sup- tives. The largest e∑ort was establishing standard port the Library’s digital initiatives for the twenty- operating procedures and regular testing for the first century, including NDIIPP,as well as all new Alternate Computer Facility.Building on an earlier collections and materials added to the National mirroring e∑ort in support of the Legislative In-

156 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 formation Service, ITS created this fully mirrored, undergo the same rigorous process used in other remote computing facility,with a separate Internet federal agencies. connection, independent voice communications Another large and successful project was the facility, and Windows server environment to en- creation of a separate test and development envi- sure the continued provision of computing services ronment for the enterprise Unix, Linux, and Win- in the event of a disaster. dows server environments.An ambitious program In conjunction with the Alternate Computer Fa- to upgrade all 6,000 Library workstations (em- cility, ITS launched a Continuity of Operations ployee, reading room, etc.) to current operating Plan for survivability of the information technol- system and virus protection levels has brought an ogy (IT) infrastructure and the more than 200 ap- unprecedented level of rigor and service unit in- plications that the infrastructure supports. The volvement in the workstation management pro- plan provides the foundation for a rigorous, well- cess of the Library. documented, and repeatable set of procedures for ITS implemented a system development life cy- accountable management of the Library’s valuable cle methodology to reflect current best practices in IT resources. industry and government IT management. ITS A major milestone was the issuance of the first managers and sta∑ members apply the methodol- IT Security Plan, which was based on the guide- ogy practices within a project management frame- lines of federal security best practices. The IT Se- work to continue to improve the quality and vigor curity Plan, developed with service unit represen- of Library IT activities. tatives, serves as the basis for associated security ITS retained the services of expert consulting to directives and practices to ensure the protection perform a top-to-bottom analysis of the Wide Area and safeguarding of IT data and systems in an in- Network, Metropolitan Area Network, and Local creasingly complex and uncertain environment. Area Networks of the Library.Still in progress, the To provide a disciplined methodology for man- e∑ort has yielded several critical recommendations aging current and future IT activities and reducing for improving the Library’s network architecture risk, ITS led the Library in adopting and imple- and support operations.At the end-user level, ITS menting project management practices. The ITS continued to migrate the Je∑erson and Adams initiated a Library-wide training program in proj- Building users o∑ an old Token Ring network and ect management. The program has been well re- onto the high-speed Ethernet network. ceived by all service units, and ITS issued an ITS Installation of the in-building wireless system Project Management Handbook that provides guid- began in fiscal 2004.At year’s end, nearly the entire ance for project managers and project sponsors and Madison Building had been wired, as well as much users. ITS recruited and hired four new high-level of both the Je∑erson and Adams Buildings, keep- project managers to boost this e∑ort. ing the project on schedule for a December 2005 launch. This project is a large undertaking to en- Strengthening of the Infrastructure. Following through sure that most wireless devices (cell phones, per- on the importance of discipline in security and sonal digital assistants, pagers) operate reliably for management of IT resources, ITS launched sev- members of Congress, visitors, and sta∑ members eral Library-wide programs to strengthen the throughout the common and o≈ce areas of the Li- technical infrastructure. Most important, a certifi- brary’s buildings. cation and accreditation program for new IT sys- As part of the major e∑ort to ensure the security tems was initiated. New application systems now and integrity of the Library’s infrastructure and

office of strategic initiatives 157 data, ITS restructured the Library’s firewall config- based time and attendance system (WebTA) that is urations to implement a management server that for Library sta∑ and significantly reduces time spent controls the configurations. This change included entering data and improves accuracy. A new imag- installing a new intrusion detection system. To ing system for the Copyright O≈ce was also im- keep up with ever-increasing storage needs, ITS in- plemented; it provided additional capacity for the stalled two new, higher-capacity, faster EMC Copyright O≈ce to increase processing throughput DMX storage systems, replacing four older Sym- for copyright registrations. metrix systems.This major e∑ort involved moving As part of the plan to achieve better e≈ciencies more than forty terabytes of data attached to fif- in system development for the Library, ITS has teen enterprise-class UNIX servers. The tape provided an enterprise platform for the secure backup system and software were also upgraded to management and deployment of Crystal Enter- adjust to the demands for backing up the growing prise, which provides a central repository and con- digital libraries and archives. trol for management reports for more than a dozen Working closely with members of the AOC major Library database-based application systems. sta∑, ITS commissioned an expert analysis of the This project has provided a focus for best prac- electrical and environmental services in the Madi- tices for report development and management. son Building data center.The study will establish a Similarly, ITS has leveraged the Remedy product definite baseline of current services and of project line to provide rapid and repeatable development short- and long-range needs. Here as elsewhere in and management of tracking applications. Devel- the infrastructure, ITS aims to bring a more disci- opment sta∑ members deployed six new tracking plined approach to the development and support applications using the Remedy utilities: (1) the Ba- of mission-critical services. sic Activities Tracking System, (2) the Dispute Resolution O≈ce system, (3) the Facility Applica- Business Applications and Support of Sta∑. ITS contin- tion Service Tracking System, (4) the Hazardous ued to provide support throughout the Library in Abatement System, (5) the O≈ce of Investigations application development and product integration. systems, and (6) the Planning, Management, and During this year, significant work was performed Evaluation Directorate Processing System. on most of the major administrative applications ITS assembled a team of senior technical sta∑ that support the work of Library sta∑ members. members and expert consultants to design an archi- Following through with the Project Manage- tectural model for the transport and preservation ment initiative, ITS provided project teams for storage of digital audiovisual materials in the Na- large projects, including the Copyright Business tional Audio-Visual Conservation Center.The pro- Process Reengineering e∑ort and the replacement posed architectural model has been reviewed by var- of the Hiring and Classification System. ious groups, and ITS has built an initial prototype Working with the O≈ce of the Chief Financial that uses audiovisual material from the American O≈cer and its contractors, ITS successfully de- Folklife Center; the Motion Picture, Broadcasting, ployed a new financial system (Momentum) on a and Recorded Sound Division; and Vanderbilt modern, open-system platform. The new system University as input. At present, the system is ac- features data warehousing capabilities for reporting cepting an average of four to five terabytes of new and retrospective analysis. material each week. During this year, ITS sta∑ members completed Sta∑ members designed, developed, and imple- the implementation and deployment of a Web- mented a set of programs to limit the e∑ect of Web

158 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 site robots on the performance of the Integrated include (1) replacing obsolete teletypes with a mod- Library System. ITS developed mainframe migra- ern TTY Local Area Network that currently sup- tion plans for two major mainframe applications to ports more than twenty employees and (2) installing use the same software as the Integrated Library twenty Web cameras for video interpreting. System. Sta∑ members created test environments The ITS Digital Scan Center continued to sup- and detailed plans for those migrations. port digital conversion projects throughout the Li- Sta∑ members planned and implemented the cre- brary. During the year, the center mounted seven ation of an Assistive Technology Demonstration new exhibitions on the Library’s Web site. (See also Center. The center includes more than ﬁfty types of Appendix I: Online Collections, Exhibitions, and hardware and software disability-accommodation Cooperative Digital Projects.) While successfully products. Sta∑ members have provided needed as- providing those services, the center underwent a sistance to more than thirty Library employees.A co- complete business process reengineering study. ordination program was successfully started with the Nearly all of the recommendations from the study Library’s industrial hygienist, Safety Services, O≈ce were implemented, including the request and pri- of Workforce Diversity, and professional disability oritization process, workﬂow process, tracking evaluation contractors. Other successes in this area software, and project management.

Corinthian capitals grace the columns of the second-ﬂoor colonnade around the Great Hall. Distinguished by acanthus leaves and volutes, the order was often used by the Romans.

office of strategic initiatives 159

appendix a: major events at the library

2003 October 21. Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry Louise October 1. Dave Brubeck and his quartet and the Brubeck Glück reads from her poetry to open the Library’s fall lit- Institute Sextet open the Library’s concert season with a erary season. program of jazz in the Coolidge Auditorium. The Li- October 22. The Juilliard String Quartet performs works brary honors Brubeck with its Living Legend Award. by Bach, Babbitt, and Beethoven. October 4. The third annual National Book Festival, held October 23. The new Library of Congress/Ira Gershwin on the National Mall, brings more than eighty authors Gallery opens in the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los and storytellers to Washington. Angeles, the new home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic October 9. Scholars and scientists from around the world Orchestra. The gallery displays more than fifty items examine the complex relationship among science, reli- from the Library’s collection. gion, and values in the symposium “Islam, Science, and October 23. “A Hidden Treasure: The Armenian Adam Cultural Values.”The program is sponsored jointly by the Epic by Arakel of Siwnik” is the topic of a lecture deliv- Library’s John W.Kluge Center and African and Middle ered by Michael E. Stone, Senior Distinguished Visiting Eastern Division; the National Academy of Sciences; Scholar in the John W.Kluge Center. the Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding at Georgetown University; and the Dialogue on Science, October 24. David Levering Lewis and Deborah Willis Ethics, and Religion of the American Association for discuss their contributions to the book titled A Small the Advancement of Science. Nation of People: W. E. B. DuBois and African American Por- traits of Progress. October 14. Michael Dirda, Pulitizer Prize–winning critic and senior editor at the Washington Post, discusses his October 27. Three Library sta∑ members travel to Bagh- new book, An Open Book: Coming of Age in the Heartland. dad to assess war damage to the National Library of Iraq and to o∑er assistance in restoring that cultural as- October 16. Elizabeth Oyler, Library of Congress Fellow in set. The mission is part of an o≈cial State Department International Studies, gives a presentation on “Swords, e∑ort. Oaths, and Prophetic Visions: Narrative Cycles and the Authoring of Warrior Rule in Medieval Japan.” October 30. Arman Kirakossian, ambassador to the United States from Armenia, talks about his new book, British October 17. Jazz pianist and composer Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Diplomacy and the Armenian Question: 1830–1914. winner of the 2002 Best Latin Jazz Grammy, performs with his trio in the Library’s Coolidge Auditorium. October 31. The Library’s Chinese Section celebrates its seventy-fifth anniversary with an all-day symposium on October 21. Spaelimenninir, a group of folk musicians the historical development and use of the Library’s Chi- based in the Faeroe Islands (between Iceland and Nor- nese collections. Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao delivers way), brings to life the music and stories of Scandinavia. the keynote address. November 4. The annual Judith Austin Memorial Lecture Visitors can view the Main Reading Room of the Thomas is delivered by mystery novelist Elizabeth Peters. The Je∑erson Building from a secure gallery on the top level that program is sponsored by the Humanities and Social Sci- flanks the magnificent clock by John Flanagan. ences Division, where Austin worked for many years.

161 November 5. The $1 million John W.Kluge Prize for Life- Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the John W.Kluge time Achievement in the Human Sciences is given by the Center celebrates the UNESCO-declared 3,000th an- Library of Congress to Polish philosopher and historian niversary of Zoroastrian religion and culture with a sem- Leszek Kolakowski. inar titled “Zarathustra’s Contributions to Humanity.” November 6. Edward Papenfuse, state archivist and com- December 12. Members of the musical group Hesperus missioner of land patents at the Maryland State Ar- are joined by two fiddlers and a trio of cloggers in a pro- chives, discusses his recent book, Maryland State Archives gram called “Winter Light,” a celebration of the winter Atlas of Historical Maps of Maryland, 1608–1908, in a pro- season with music that crosses cultural and historical gram sponsored by the Geography and Map Division boundaries. and the Washington Map Society. December 15. Library sta∑ member Susana Salgado dis- November 7. The Kodaly String Quartet performs works cusses her new book, The Teatro Solis: 150 Years of Opera, by Haydn and Mozart. Concert, and Ballet in Montevideo, in the Pickford Theater. November 12. The legendary Odetta, one of the most December 15. On the anniversary of the birth of Bee- influential folk artists of the past fifty years, appears in a thoven, Menahem Pressler, who is chamber musician special concert sponsored by the Music Division and the and founding pianist of the Beaux Arts Trio, celebrates American Folklife Center. That evening, the Library of his own 80th birthday with a solo recital. Congress also honors her with a Living Legend Award, December 18. The final concert for the year features the given to recognize and honor individuals who have made Juilliard String Quartet with Marcy Rosen, cello, pre- significant contributions to America’s cultural, scientific, senting the Quintet in C Major by Schubert and the and social heritage. quartet’s concluding performance of the Beethoven cycle, November 14–17. The Librarian and a team of Library String Quartet in B-flat Major, op. 130. sta∑ members accompany Representative Robert W. Ney (R-Ohio) to several cities in Ohio to introduce lo- 2004 cal audiences to the Library’s resources and services. January 8. John Ordway, U.S. ambassador to Armenia, gives his “Report from Armenia: 2003” in a program November 20. Frank Bidart and David Gewanter, the ed- sponsored by the Near East Section of the African and itors of Collected Poems of Robert Lowell, read and discuss Middle Eastern Division. Lowell’s work. January 9. The award-winning films about China produced December 4.“Global Geopolitical Trends: Is the Iraq War by the Long Bow Group are discussed by a panel that in- a Major Turning Point?” is the topic of a symposium cludes Long Bow filmmakers Carma Hinton and Richard hosted and organized by Lanxin Xiang, the Henry A. Gordon; historian Je∑rey N.Wasserstrom; and moderator Kissinger Scholar in Foreign Policy and International Jonathan D. Spence, China historian and president-elect of Relations at the Library’s John W.Kluge Center. the American Historical Association. The program is December 5. Celebrating its fifteenth anniversary,the New sponsored by the American Historical Association and York Festival of Song—with Sylvia McNair, Judy Kaye, the Library’s John W.Kluge Center. Joseph Kaiser, and pianist and artistic director Steven January 27. The United Nations Foundation and the Li- Blier—performs music from the Vernon Duke and brary of Congress join in a special evening event honoring Richard Rodgers collections in the Library of Congress. former Brazilian president Fernando Enrique Cardoso December 8. The Librarian of Congress signs an agree- and Mrs. Ruth Cardoso. Cardoso, who was president of ment with the National Library of Serbia to exchange Brazil from 1994 to 2002 and is now a resident scholar in materials documenting the Balkan wars and the culture the Library’s John W.Kluge Center, delivers reflections on of that region during the 1990s. his experiences. December 11. In cooperation with the World Zoroastrian February 4. Leila Ahmed, professor of divinity at Harvard Organization and the U.N. Educational, Scientific, and University, speaks on “Women in Islam and America:

162 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Reflections on Where We Are Today.”Ahmed is the au- and media interest, the Library makes provisions to han- thor of several books on Islam, including her best-selling dle the demand. 1999 autobiography, Border Passage: From Cairo to Amer- ica—A Woman’s Journey. The lecture is sponsored jointly March 4. Klaus Larres, professor of history at the Uni- by the Library’s African and Middle Eastern Division versity of London and former Henry A. Kissinger Scholar and the John W. Kluge Center, as well as the American in Foreign Policy and International Relations in the University’s Center for Global Peace and its Mohammed John W.Kluge Center, moderates a symposium on “State- Said Farsi Chair of Islamic Peace. craft and America’s Position in the World.” Panelists include Zbigniew Brzezinski, national security adviser dur- February 5. An exhibition titled Churchill and the Great Re- ing the Jimmy Carter administration; Brent Scowcroft, public opens in the Je∑erson Building’s Northwest Gallery. national security adviser during the Gerald Ford and During his address at the exhibition opening, President George H. W.Bush administrations; and Richard Hol- George W.Bush praised Sir Winston Churchill. brooke, assistant secretary of state during the Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton administrations. February 6. A program titled “Contemporary Lusophone African Literatures and Cultures: A Colloquium on March 5. The Mendelssohn String Quartet performs Cape Verde and Mozambique” is sponsored by the Li- works by Haydn, Bolcom, and Mendelssohn in the brary’s Hispanic and African and Middle Eastern Divi- Coolidge Auditorium. sions and the John W.Kluge Center and is organized by the Center for Portuguese Studies and Culture at the March 6. The Fès Festival of World Sacred Music opens University of Massachusetts. its seventeen-city tour of the United States with a colloquium and concert at the Library of Congress. February 9. Brian W.Jones, general counsel for the U.S. De- partment of Education, gives the keynote address for the March 10. Jimmy Scott, one of the elder statesmen of jazz Library’s observation of African American History Month. vocalists, is joined by his trio—bassist “Hill” Greene, pianist Mike Kanan, and drummer “Cook” Broadnax—for February 11. George P.Shultz, secretary of state for eight an evening of “fifties show club music.” years under President Ronald Reagan, delivers the third annual Henry A. Kissinger Lecture on “A Changed March 12. Works by Beethoven, Poulenc, and Brahms are World.” The Kissinger Lecturer, chosen annually by the performed by the Kennedy Center Chamber Players. Librarian of Congress, was created by an endowment in March 15. Cartoonist Nicole Hollander presents a slide 1999 and is an individual who has achieved distinction in lecture titled “Oh, No, It’s Monday and I’ve Run Out of the field of foreign a∑airs. Ideas: A Cartoonist’s Crisis.” February 19. The Library presents an all-day symposium March 16. Azar Nafisi, lecturer at Johns Hopkins School on Sir Winston Churchill and his relationships with of Advanced International Studies and the author of Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S.Truman,and Reading Lolita in Tehran, speaks on “Women in Iran: Past, Dwight D. Eisenhower in connection with Churchill and Present, and Future” in a program sponsored by the the Great Republic. Near East Section of the Library’s African and Middle February 24. Longtime civil rights activist Dorothy Height Eastern Division. discusses and signs her recently published memoir, Open March 23. Mary DeKuyper, national chairman of volun- Wide the Freedom Gates. teers for the American Red Cross, delivers the keynote February 28. Librarian of Congress Emeritus Daniel J. address for the Library’s 2004 National Women’s His- Boorstin dies at the age of 89. Boorstin, a prize-winning tory Month celebration. historian, served as Librarian of Congress from 1975 un- March 26. Winners of the Walter W. Naumburg Inter- til he retired in 1987. national Competitions in Chamber Music—the Biava March 4. The papers of Supreme Court Justice Harry A. String Quartet, violinist Frank Huang, and pianist Gilles Blackmun open to the public. Anticipating wide public Vonsattel—make their Library of Congress debut in a

appendix a: major events at the library 163 concert honoring Robert Mann, the founder of the Juil- April 22. Zbigniew Brzezinski, national security adviser liard String Quartet. during the Jimmy Carter administration, discusses his new book,The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership,in March 29. Civil War photography expert Bob Zeller pres- a program sponsored by the John W.Kluge Center. ents a 3-D slide show of original Civil War stereoscopic photographs in a program sponsored by the Prints and April 24. Brass and strings join forces in this evening’s per- Photographs Division. formance of works ranging from Beethoven to Frank Zappa by the Meridian Arts Ensemble and the Alexan- March 31.“Islamic Law in a Changing World: Traditions der String Quartet. and Transitions” is the topic of the third in a series of foreign law workshops held at the Library and spon- April 27. A public memorial service is held for Librarian sored by both the Law Library and others in conjunc- of Congress Emeritus Daniel J. Boorstin, who died on tion with the annual meeting of the American Society of February 28. International Law. April 27. Mystery writer Carolyn Hart, creator of the April 1. The American Folklife Center presents “Masters popular Death on Demand series and author of the of Mexican Music” in the Coolidge Auditorium. Pulitzer Prize–nominated novel titled Letter from Home, speaks on the topic “Why Mysteries?” April 2. The Leipzig String Quartet, with Ricardo Morales, clarinet, presents Mendelssohn’s String Quartet no. 6 in April 29. Yevgeny Yevtushenko, best-known poet of the F Minor, op. 80; Brahms’s Clarinet Quintet in B Minor, post-Stalin generation of Russian poets, reads from his op. 115; and the seldom-performed String Quartet no. 1 works for a standing-room-only crowd. by Charles Ives. May 1. The concept of the lawyer as “citizen” is examined April 2. Edward Goldberg and Ippolita Morgese of the in the final program in the five-part Leon Jaworski Pub- Medici Archive Project, Florence, Italy, discuss the lic Program Series titled “Representing the Lawyer in Medici Granducal Archive in a program sponsored by American Culture.” The presentation is part of the Li- the Hebraic Section and the European Division. One of brary’s annual commemoration of Law Day. the goals of the Medici Archive Project is to create May 4. Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry Louise Glück worldwide public access through the Internet to this concludes the literary season with a reading. rich trove of historical material, which was established by Grand Duke Cosimo I in 1569 and is the most com- May 5. Kluge Fellow Svetlana Kujumdzieva presents a plete record of any princely regime in renaissance and talk titled “The Oktoechos: Studying Orthodox Music baroque Europe. and Liturgy at the Library of Congress.” April 8. A tribute to poet Josephine Jacobsen,consultant in May 6. The Library hosts a symposium on “Democracy in poetry at the Library of Congress from 1971 to 1973, fea- China,” organized by Kissinger Scholar Lanxin Xiang. tures readings and reminiscences by some of her friends. May 11. Frank Wu, professor at Howard University April 14. The Library of Congress honors country singer School of Law, delivers the keynote address for Asian and musician Dolly Parton with its Living Legend Award American Pacific Heritage Month at the Library. at a special evening presentation and performance for May 13. An exhibition titled “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. the Madison Council and invited guests. Board at Fifty commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the Supreme Court’s decision, which was pivotal in the April 15. Country musicians Norman and Nancy Blake struggle for racial desegregation in the United States. kick o∑ the American Folklife Center’s spring and summer concert series, “Homegrown 2004: The Music of May 13. Journalist Juan Williams discusses his new book, America.” My Soul Looks Back in Wonder: Voices of the Civil Rights Experience. April 21. Pulitzer Prize–winning author Herman Wouk discusses his new book, A Hole in Texas, during a conver- May 15. Hazel Dickens, one of the greatest mountain sation with New York Times columnist William Safire. and old-time singers of our time, and Helen Schneyer, a

164 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 powerful folksinger, join forces for a musical event spon- June 3. Children of Struggle, a dramatization of the inspir- sored by the Library’s Music Division in cooperation ing stories of Ruby Bridges and other young heroes of with the American Folklife Center and the Folklore So- the civil rights movement, is o∑ered by the Library’s Pub- ciety of Greater Washington. lic Service Collections Directorate in cooperation with Smithsonian Associates Discovery Theater. May 17. Frank Bond moderates a panel discussion titled “Eyewitness to History: Journalism and the Civil Rights June 10. Morris dancers and costumed performers cele- Movement” with journalists Dorothy Gilliam, Bill Tay- brate spring in a performance for schoolchildren on the lor, George Collins, and Mary Dudziak, who discuss plaza of the Library’s Adams Building. They present their various experiences. their “queen” with authentic songs, dances, and poetry in a festive seasonal celebration of Queen Elizabeth’s court. May 21. The Library’s Geography and Map Division joins the Washington Map Society in celebrating the society’s June 14. Members of the Justice Department debate lead- twenty-fifth anniversary with an all-day symposium. ing scholars in the second in a series of debates honoring Oliver Wendell Holmes. The debate series is sponsored May 21. Sheryll Cashin, Georgetown Law Center, dis- by the Law Library of Congress, the Burton Founda- cusses her book, The Failures of Integration: How Race and tion, and Shook, Hardy & Bacon llp.The debate top- Class Are Undermining the American Dream. ics are the USA Patriot Act, First Amendment protec- May 21. Mezzo-soprano Joyce Castle, baritone Kurt Oll- tions, and enemy combatants and military tribunals. mann, and pianist Scott Dunn, with assisting pianist June 15. The American Folklife Center presents the Pas- Lucy Mauro, perform works from the Library’s Leonard chall Brothers, an African American quartet from Vir- Bernstein Collection. ginia, in a gospel concert on Neptune Plaza as part of its May 24. A display titled From the Home Front and the Front “Homegrown 2004: The Music of America” series. Lines: Veterans History Project Collections of the Library of June 16. Lanxin Xiang, the 2003–2004 Henry Alfred Congress opens in the center section of the American Trea- Kissinger Scholar in Foreign Policy and International sures exhibition. It features examples from the oral his- Relations, delivers the concluding lecture of his residency tories, written narratives, photographs, scrapbooks, di- in the Kluge Center at the Library on “The Ideological aries, and memorabilia that the nation’s veterans and Context of U.S.–China Relations.” their families and friends are contributing to the Veter- ans History Project. June 17. Kluge Scholar Marcia Norton lectures on “To- bacco and Chocolate in the Spanish Empire.” May 25. The Library of Congress Chorale hosts choirs from local public schools in “Sing Freedom,”a celebration June 24. Kluge Fellow Anita Callaway talks about “The of music in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of Making of Visual Culture in Ephemeral Art.” the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision. June 30. Rockefeller Scholar Walid Saleh speaks on “The May 27–30. The Library’s Veterans History Project par- History of Islamic Apocalyptic Imagination.” ticipates in the National World War II Reunion on the July 14. The American Folklife Center presents the Oin- National Mall by recording oral histories of veterans. kari Basque Dancers from Boise, Idaho, who perform June 1. New approaches to the study of Sir Winston the traditional dances brought to the United States from Churchill are explored in a symposium titled “New Re- the Basque region of the Pyrenees Mountains as part of search on Churchill and America.” the center’s “Homegrown 2004: The Music of America” series. June 3. The work of Ann Telnaes, a leading editorial cartoonist and the second woman to win the Pulitzer July 21. Paul Krugman, economist, professor, and New Prize in her field, is featured in a special exhibition ti- York Times columnist, discusses his recent book, The tled Humor’s Edge: Cartoons by Ann Telnaes, which opens Great Unraveling, which has just been issued in paper- in the North Gallery of the Great Hall of the Je∑erson back. The lecture is sponsored by the Science, Technol- Building. ogy, and Business Division.

appendix a: major events at the library 165 July 30. John Norton Moore, distinguished professor of or selected nonfiction published in the previous year “that law at the University of Virginia, discusses his new book, authentically and engagingly portray Latin America, the Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, in a Caribbean, or Latinos in the United States.” The two program sponsored by the Center for the Book and the award winners, author Judith Ortiz Cofer and illustrator Law Library. Yuyi Morales, make brief remarks and sign books after the program. August 18. The Phong Nguyen Ensemble performs Viet- namese music from Ohio in today’s “Homegrown 2004: September 27. An all-day symposium on Indo-Caribbean The Music of America” concert. history and culture opens with a documentary titled Legacy of Our Ancestors: The Indian Presence in Trinidad and September 2. Ysaye Barnwell, member of the singing group Tobago, 1845–1917. Sweet Honey in the Rock, talks about “The Vocal Com- munity: The Role of Song in the African American September 28. The 2004 National Endowment for the Community” in a program sponsored by the Humanities Arts National Heritage Fellow,Anjani Ambegaokar, per- and Social Sciences Division. forms North Indian Kathak music and dance in the Coolidge Auditorium as this month’s American Folklife September 2. The Library’s Brown v. Board of Education film Center’s “Homegrown 2004” concert. The Homegrown series begins with CBS Reports: Mississippi and the 15th concert series presents the very best of traditional music Amendment (CBS, 1962), Eyewitness: the President Faces the and dance from a variety of folk cultures thriving in the Racial Crisis (CBS, 1963), and Never Turn Back: The Life of United States. The event is sponsored by the Kennedy Fannie Lou Hamer (Rediscovery, 1980). The series is Center Millennium Stage and the Folklore Society of o∑ered in conjunction with the Library exhibition “With Greater Washington. an Even Hand”: Brown v. Board at Fifty. September 30. Award-winning author and historian Daniel September 9. An exhibition titled From Haven to Home: 350 Mark Epstein discusses his recent book, Lincoln and Years of Jewish Life in America opens in the Northwest Whitman: Parallel Lives in Civil War Washington. The pro- Gallery of the Je∑erson Building. gram is sponsored by the Center for the Book and the September 15. Cresencio Arcos, director of international Humanities and Social Sciences Division. a∑airs at the Department of Homeland Security,delivers September 30. Former Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry the keynote address for the Library’s celebration of His- to the Library of Congress Rita Dove reads from her panic Heritage Month. most recent book, American Smooth. September 20. Author and composer Jack Gottlieb, who September 30. The Library of Congress awards more has lectured on the Jewish contribution to American than $13.9 million to eight institutions and their part- popular music throughout the United States, Canada, ners to identify, collect, and preserve digital materials and Israel, talks about his new book, Funny, It Doesn’t within a nationwide digital preservation infrastruc- Sound Jewish, in a program sponsored by the Music Divi- ture. Those awards from the Library will be matched sion and the Center for the Book. dollar for dollar by the winning institutions in the September 24. The Hispanic Division and the Center for form of cash, in-kind, or other resources. The institu- the Book host the eleventh annual Américas Awards for tions will share responsibilities for preserving at-risk Children’s and Young Adult Literature. The awards rec- digital materials of significant cultural and historical ognize outstanding U.S. works of fiction, poetry,folklore, value to the nation.

166 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 appendix b: the librarian’s testimony

Statement of James H. Billington The Library must continue to acquire, preserve, and provide access to analog collections with new storage fa- The Librarian of Congress cilities and mass deacidification.At the same time, the Li- before the Subcommittee on Legislative brary must implement fundamental technological changes Committee on Appropriations to accommodate the digital revolution. Both collections United States House of Representatives and sta∑ are being reconfigured by new initiatives in dig- Fiscal 2005 Budget Request ital preservation, digital talking books, and copyright May 12, 2004* reengineering, and by the increased reliance on digital services. The fiscal 2005 budget request addresses this I appreciate the opportunity to discuss the Library of “Challenge of Change; Maintenance of Tradition.” Congress’s budget request for fiscal 2005.This unique in- The priorities of our fiscal 2005 budget, reflecting the stitution has become increasingly important to the nation major objectives in the Library’s strategic plan, are to as the economic and security needs become increasingly bring the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center dependent on knowledge and the wise use of information. into operation; to restore the diminished acquisition ca- All libraries—and especially the Library of Congress— pabilities for our collections; to regain full funding for the must deal with the greatest upheaval in the transmission Congressional Research Service sta∑ capacity at 729 full- of information and knowledge since the invention of the time-equivalent (FTE) positions; to implement the printing press: the electronic onslaught of digitized in- Copyright O≈ce’s reengineered processes; to support formation and communication. The Library is respond- the conversion to digital talking-book technology for ing to this challenge with program-focused goals and ob- people who are blind and physically handicapped; to jectives contained in our new strategic plan, which was fund the fifth increment of the Library’s mass deacidifica- forwarded to Congress in September 2003.The plan will tion program; to accelerate the Veterans History Pro- undergo continuous improvement to ensure our place as gram; to gain additional security for the Library’s sys- the foremost library of the twenty-first century. tems, sta∑, buildings, and collections; and to address The Library’s mission is unchanging: to make its re- critical infrastructure support requirements. sources available and useful to the Congress and the For fiscal 2005, the Library of Congress requests a total American people and to sustain and preserve a universal budget of $602.3 million ($562.6 million in net appropria- collection of knowledge and creativity for future generations and $39.7 million in authority to use receipts), a to- tions. What is new is the need to acquire, sort, and pro- tal increase of $43.0 million above the fiscal 2004 level.The vide access to the massive unfiltered content of the In- total increase includes $20.5 million for mandatory pay ternet in order to keep our collections universal and and price-level increases and $34 million for program in- continue to provide full information and services to Con- creases, o∑set by $11.5 million for nonrecurring costs. The gress and the American people. Library’s fiscal 2005 budget request is a net appropriations increase of 7.6 percent above that of fiscal 2004. The Li- brary submitted on February 25, 2004, a fiscal 2005 budget amendment, which is reflected in the above numbers, that *In addition to providing the testimony printed here, Librarian of Congress James H. Billington testified before the increases the net appropriations amount by $1 million, Senate Legislative Branch Appropriations Subcommittee on which is discussed under the headings “Copyright O≈ce” March 11,2004. ($0.8 million) and “Sustaining Collections” ($0.2 million).

167 Requested funding supports 4,363 FTE positions, a net tinues, twenty-first-century libraries will develop in the increase of 80 FTEs above the fiscal 2004 level of 4,283. following significant ways: The 80 additional FTEs are requested to support the core ¶ Libraries will collect at the point of creation rather needs of the collections, security, and management. than after publication. The Library of Congress Today ¶ Libraries will complement classification systems with The core of the Library is its incomparable collections simpler search services. and the specialists who interpret and share them.The Li- ¶ Libraries will work with information creators and pub- brary’s 128 million items include almost all languages and lishers to create digital preservation repositories. media through which knowledge and creativity are preserved and communicated. ¶ Libraries will work with legislators to balance copy- The Library has more than 29 million books and other right against access needs. print items; 12 million photographs; 4.8 million maps; ¶ Libraries will retrain print-oriented sta∑s for digital in- 2.7 million audio materials; 925,000 films, television, and formation services. video items; and 57 million manuscripts. Every workday, the Library’s sta∑ adds some 10,000 In a world in which Google is the preferred search new items to the collections. Major annual services in- mechanism, the library of the future will be less the cus- clude handling more than 875,000 online and custom- todian of a collection in a physical building than a guide ized congressional inquiries and requests, registering to Internet-accessible resources and a creator and pro- more than 534,000 copyright claims, and circulating ap- vider of online information services. Realizing this li- proximately 23.8 million audio and Braille books and brary of the future depends on providing opportunities magazines free of charge to blind and physically handi- for today’s librarians to learn to take advantage of digital capped individuals all across America. The Library an- developments and on integrating this new digital tech- nually catalogs more than 300,000 books and serials and nology into the basic library processes of acquisition, provides the bibliographic record inexpensively to the cataloging, preservation, and reference services. The Li- nation’s libraries, saving them millions of dollars annually. brary’s strategic plan and this fiscal 2005 budget request The Library also provides free online access via the are helping to guide us in making this inevitable change Internet to its automated information files, which con- to a twenty-first-century library. tain more than 75 million records, including more than Fiscal Accomplishments 8.5 million multimedia items from its American Memory 2003 collections. The Library’s acclaimed Web site, http:// Even as the Library plans for a dramatic new future, the www.loc.gov,will record more than 3 billion hits in 2004. immediate challenges continue to be addressed. In fiscal 2003, the Library provided concerted congressional re- The Twenty-First-Century Library search support in more than 150 major policy areas, in- As impressive as the everyday work of the Library of cluding terrorism, health care, the U.S. economy, environ- Congress is, we recognize the need to address the future. mental and resource issues, and space exploration. The All libraries are rapidly changing in response to new Library supported the war e∑ort by making information digital technologies.The Library of Congress, like other and services available to the Congress as it executes its con- research libraries, is building digital collections, making stitutional responsibilities,by documenting for future gen- them readily accessible online, and developing search erations the war as it progresses,and by helping reconstruct services previously not feasible. Digital technology also the national libraries in Afghanistan and Iraq. Specifically, benefits smaller libraries because it allows them to ex- the Law Library helped reconstruct the destroyed law pand and enhance resources for their patrons in col- codes of Afghanistan from our collections. leges, schools, and communities. Libraries, in e∑ect, are The Library also received congressional approval for moving their catalogs and collections from physical the plan for the National Digital Information Infrastruc- buildings into patron’s computers and are transforming ture and Preservation Program; expanded the Global Le- their individual storage repositories into collaborative gal Information Network to include the laws of forty- information-service centers.As this transformation con- eight countries and international organizations; added

168 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 seven new multimedia historical collections to the Amer- tegration of the complex digital preservation systems ican Memory Web site; increased to more than 8.5 million within the NAVCC’s audiovisual laboratories. the number of items freely available online or in digital The NAVCC will enable the Library to redress signifi- archives; recorded more than 2.6 billion electronic trans- cant limitations in its current ability to store, preserve, actions on the Library’s Web sites; registered more than and provide access to its moving image and recorded 534,000 copyright claims; added more than 1.8 million sound collections. When the entire NAVCC complex is items to our collections; opened the o∑–Capitol Hill stor- opened in 2006, the Library for the first time will be able age facility at Fort Meade, Maryland; and produced more to consolidate all of its collections in a single, centralized than 2,700 new Braille, audio books, and magazine titles storage facility that provides space su≈cient to house for people who are blind and physically handicapped. Pri- projected collections growth for 25 years beyond the vate funding enabled the Library to make notable new ac- NAVCC move-in date. Without the NAVCC, the Li- quisitions, including the great Alan Lomax Collection of brary’s current preservation rate would result in the Americana, and brought into residence a distinguished preservation of only 5 percent of its total endangered new group of invited senior scholars and competitively sound and video materials by the year 2015. By contrast, chosen junior researchers in the Thomas Je∑erson Build- we project that the new NAVCC laboratories will enable ing with the opening of the John W.Kluge Center. us to preserve more than 50 percent of these endangered collections in the same ten-year period after move-in. National Audio-Visual The NAVCC will also include a Digital Audiovisual Conservation Center Preservation System that will preserve and provide re- An increase of $5.28 million and sixteen FTEs is research access to both newly acquired born-digital content quested for the National Audio-Visual Conservation and analog legacy formats. This new system is con- Center (NAVCC), a projected state-of-the-art facility for tributing to the Library’s overall development of a digi- audiovisual collections. These funds are needed to con- tal content repository and signals a new paradigm of pro- tinue the construction of the NAVCC and to begin the ducing and managing computer-based digital data. move-in of collections and sta∑ of the Motion Picture, The Packard Humanities Institute’s contribution to Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division of the Li- building this new state-of-the-art facility will represent brary.The Packard Humanities Institute (PHI) is gener- the largest private donation to the Library of Congress in ously providing the majority of the funding to build the its entire history. NAVCC—consolidating in one place and enhancing film Sustaining Collections and recorded sound preservation. The Library continues to work closely with the PHI representatives and the Ar- Acquiring timely and comprehensive collections for the chitect of the Capitol on this much-needed project. National Library and Law Library, as well as the highly Construction on this national repository for America’s specialized research materials required for the Congres- audiovisual treasures began in early September 2003, and sional Research Service (CRS), is among the most es- the current schedule calls for the newly renovated Col- sential tasks the Library performs. All else depends on lections Building and Central Plant to be ready for col- acquiring needed materials—preferably at the time they lections to be moved in by summer 2005. The new Ni- appear on the market. The rising tide of new kinds of trate Vaults and Conservation (Laboratory) Building is knowledge and new formats makes it essential that the scheduled to be ready for sta∑ move-in by summer 2006. Library address the already-serious catastrophic pro- The Library’s ability to procure, deliver, and install jected shortfalls in these areas. A total of $4.462 million NAVCC furnishings, equipment, and infrastructure will and seven FTEs are requested for addressing—for the require close coordination with the PHI’s construction first time in many years—this critical area. Lost pur- schedule. The requested additional funding in the cur- chasing power and the increased complexity and cost of rent budget is essential to maintain the construction acquiring proprietary electronic resources make this a schedule and the various components and procurements critical problem that must be addressed. that support the transition to the new facility. Serial subscriptions prices alone have increased by 215 Fiscal 2005 funding will support sta∑ relocation; col- percent over a fifteen-year period ending in 2001, yet the lections relocation; and the design, procurement, and in- Library’s GENPAC appropriation—used to purchase

appendix b: the librarian’s testimony 169 library materials—has grown at an annual average rate of is required to e∑ectively provide foreign legal research. only 4 percent. These shortfalls accumulated because the The five-year project would enable the Law Library to Library understated annual price-level increases for re- meet its own cataloging standards before the few remain- search materials. The Congress, in most years, has sup- ing sta∑ members with the experience and knowledge of ported the Library’s modest requests for inflationary in- the outdated “LAW” class cataloging leave or retire. creases in research materials,but the Library’s methodology CRS Staff Capacity did not adequately factor in the value of the dollar, the sharp escalations in market prices for serials, budget rescis- In fiscal 2005, The Congressional Research Service sions, and the changes in how research materials are pack- (CRS) must face the increased cost of sustaining the re- aged and sold. The Library’s fiscal 2005 acquisitions bud- search capacity needed to meet the legislative needs of get proposals include funding for the recovery of lost the Congress. CRS is requesting a base increase of purchasing power (a one-time increase to the Law Library $2.71 million—the equivalent of about twenty-five FTEs. [$205,000] and CRS [$1 million], and a one-time and in- During the past ten years, the total size of CRS has de- cremental increase in the National Library [$2.333 mil- creased from 763 to 729. However, the salary costs per lion]), for a total of $3.538 million. The $3.538 million re- person have increased at a rate that exceeds the funding quest includes a $0.2 million budget amendment for the provided in the budget process. Without the proposed CRS element; the original CRS catch-up amount was de- base increase, CRS would have to sta∑ down further to termined through fiscal 2004 rather than fiscal 2005. Dur- a level of about 704 FTEs. The impact of this reduction ing the next year, the Library will develop a new formula would be a loss of CRS capacity in serving the Congress that will adequately reflect the inflationary increases for re- of about 275 hours a year in each of more than 150 major search materials beginning in fiscal 2006. policy areas in which the Congress can be expected to be In addition, $479,000 and seven FTEs are requested engaged. CRS would lose between eight and nine weeks to support the new acquisitions methodology and policy of capacity per major policy area. that have been successfully piloted in China. Collecting CRS has been evaluating workforce opportunities and materials published in China is di≈cult, but a three-year authorities to improve the productivity, e≈ciency, and at- pilot project, funded by private donations, successfully tractiveness of CRS as an employer. During fiscal 2003, demonstrated that the Library can acquire high-quality, CRS hired approximately 90 new sta∑—nearly 13 percent hard-to-obtain, and politically sensitive materials that of the total sta∑ population. To enhance retention of new traditional channels are not providing. Funding of sta∑ and to further sta∑ development service-wide, CRS is $479,000 is requested to establish six teams of experts in requesting $546,000. This funding would be used to ini- the social sciences, located at carefully selected sites tiate a pilot student-loan repayment program, to increase throughout China. slightly CRS’s training and related travel budgets, and to The teams will recommend materials from their regions, provide monetary incentive awards to CRS’s most highly which will then be shipped by the Library’s established talented and productive employees.The CRS director will vendors. The Library’s pilot program has proven that provide more details of this request in his statement. important added information about China can be ob- Copyright Office tained in this way.The Library requests funding to make this a permanent acquisition process for the world’s The Copyright O≈ce’s Reengineering Program, which largest country as it assumes an even greater world role. will be completed in fiscal 2006, requires additional fund- Lastly, $445,000 is needed to allow the Law Library to ing authority for fiscal 2005. The extensive multiyear begin properly reclassifying 800,000 volumes,or one-third, Reengineering Program has redesigned the o≈ce’s busi- of its legal collections from the “LAW” class—previously ness processes, developed a new information technology used to shelve legal materials—to the class K (the new in- infrastructure, created new workflows and new job roles, ternational standard for the classification of legal materials and developed a new facilities plan.The program will al- that was developed by the Library of Congress).Currently, low the Copyright O≈ce to replace outdated informa- one out of every four foreign legal documents cannot be tion systems with technology that promotes the use of located because of the outdated classification system, and electronically transmitted applications and works. The the inevitable change to the new class K cataloging system Library requests $3.66 million in budget authority and

170 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 equal o∑setting collections authority (zero net appro- 2001–2005. Congress has approved the first four incre- priations) in order to implement the facilities portion of ments of this critical preservation program, and the Li- the Reengineering Program. This funding will support brary requests the planned increase to continue to scale relocation of sta∑, redesign and construction of current up to $5.7 million annually.By 2005, the Library plans to space, and acquisition of furniture and other equipment. have reached the capacity to deacidify 300,000 books In developing the fiscal 2005 budget request, inflation- and 1 million manuscripts annually. ary factors for mandatory pay and price-level increases Veterans History Project were applied to both the Copyright O≈ce’s net appropriated funds and its receipts funds. In reviewing this ap- Additional funding of $1.035 million and four FTEs are re- proach and upon further analysis, the Library has deter- quired for this important and growing project. Support is mined that the increases needed to cover inflationary requested to increase public participation in interviewing growth cannot be met by the initially requested receipt veterans and creating the collection; to preserve accounts level.As a result, the Library is requesting—via a budget and documents for researchers, educators, and future gen- amendment—that the fiscal 2005 receipt level be reduced erations; and to disseminate this compelling material to the by the inflationary adjustment of $810,000, with a cor- public more widely. The overwhelmingly positive nation- responding increase in net appropriations. The Register wide reaction to this program has exceeded our expecta- of Copyrights will provide in her statement more details tions and will require additional resources to respond to about the Reengineering Program and this adjustment. the growing demands of this mandated program. Digital Talking-Book Machine Security In support of the Blind and Physically Handicapped The Library is requesting an increase of $7.306 million (BPH) program, the National Library Service (NLS) and forty-seven FTEs to support improved security of the for the BPH is implementing a revolutionary change Library’s systems, sta∑, buildings, and collections. The from analog to digital technology, which has been pro- Library continues to work with the Architect of the Capi- jected and planned since the early 1990s.The service will tol (AOC) to support major perimeter security improve- replace cassette tape players with digital talking-book ments consistent with the entire Capitol Hill campus (DTB) players and introduce a new medium for distrib- (e.g., garage barriers, bollards, entrance reconfigurations). uting the DTBs: solid-state (“flash”) memory, replacing Seventy-five percent of the Phase I ( Je∑erson and Madi- the present cassette tape. son Buildings) perimeter security project construction NLS plans to introduce the DTB players to its cus- has been completed. However, unforeseen structural con- tomers by fiscal 2008.The Library is requesting a total of ditions below the James Madison Building have resulted $1.5 million in fiscal 2005, of which $1 million will support in a partial redesign and additional AOC costs to com- the beginning of the design phase of the DTB player. In plete the Phase I work.The Library understands that the concert with the development of a DTB player, the NLS AOC is working with the committee to fund the addi- will begin converting its current analog collection to dig- tional costs and complete the initial phase. We ask the ital format to ensure that its patrons will have a large and committee to support the funds required to bring our diverse collection of DTBs by fiscal 2008.The balance of perimeter security fully up to Capitol Hill standards. $500,000 in the request is for the first installment of a The Library is also working with the Capitol Police re- three-year conversion of 10,000 audio titles from analog garding the filling of twenty-three new police o≈cer po- to digital format. Support for the fiscal 2005 budget will sitions authorized by the committee for the Library’s cam- help prepare the way for the new delivery system to re- pus. Capitol Police o≈cers will be detailed to the Library place the current analog cassette tape technology. to fill the new positions beginning in March 2004. Components of the Library’s fiscal 2005 security bud- Mass Deacidification get request are as follows: A total increase of $948,000 is requested for the fifth increment of the Library’s five-year, $18 million initiative to Police Sta≈ng. The Library is requesting $3.825 million save through deacidification 1 million endangered acidic and 45 FTEs for the continuation of the fiscal 2004 hir- books and 5 million manuscript sheets during the period ing initiative, which identified a police sta≈ng shortfall of

appendix b: the librarian’s testimony 171 approximately 100 FTEs.This is the second of three fiscal quested funding will ensure that these vital security year requests for funding beginning in fiscal 2004. For systems—installed in accordance with the Library’s Se- fiscal 2005, funding and sta≈ng are being requested in the curity Enhancement Implementation Plan—are ade- Library of Congress’s budget to ensure that this critical quately maintained and repaired by accepted best in- need is set forth to the Congress. The sta≈ng require- dustry practices. ments will not diminish if and when the Library’s police force merges with the Capitol Police force. The require- Intrusion Detection System. One million dollars is requested ments will be the same, regardless of which force provides to build out the electronic access control and primary in- the service.The Library needs additional police positions trusion detection systems requirements identified in the to meet minimum sta≈ng levels at all public building en- Library’s 1997 Security Plan’s risk framework and needed trances, to sta∑ new and enhanced fixed exterior posts, to mitigate safety risks within the Library. and to ensure an overtime rate that does not exceed 10 to 15 percent above the standard forty-hour workweek. Alternate Computer Facility. An increase of $622,000 is needed for CRS to support the annual recurring operat- Police Merger. On August 6, 2003, the Library responded in ing costs of this all-important facility. The Alternate a letter to U.S. Capitol Police Chief Terrence Gainer re- Computer Facility (ACF) will provide for information garding the U.S. Capitol Police Implementation Plan for technology (IT) business continuity in the event of a cat- the Merger of the U.S. Capitol Police and the Library of astrophic failure of the Library’s computer center. In the Congress Police. In this response, we relayed our concerns event that the Library’s primary computer center becomes about how this proposed plan will impact the Librarian’s inoperable, the ACF will also provide continued online statutory responsibility to protect Library assets. service to the Library’s remote/local users, preventing dis- The Library remains concerned about how the merger ruption of service to the Congress and its constituency. of the Library of Congress police force with the U.S. Capitol Police force diminishes the Librarian’s authority IT Security Certification and Accreditation. Security must be to exercise his responsibilities. The current plan pro- treated as an integral part of the Library’s overall IT in- posed by the Capitol Police does not take into account frastructure if risks are to be systematically reduced.Ac- the statutory obligation of the Librarian of Congress to cordingly,the Library has embarked upon a thorough re- oversee the Library’s collections and buildings. The Li- view of its IT security. Funding of $929,000 and two brary’s police force is focused not only on the physical FTEs are requested in fiscal 2005 for Information Tech- safety of our sta∑, visitors, and buildings, but on the in- nology Services (ITS) to certify and accredit existing, tegrity and security of our invaluable collections, and is mission-critical IT applications, systems, and facilities of the primary arm for the Librarian of Congress in dis- the Library ($720,000) and to conduct security com- charging this responsibility.At the very least, the Library puter audits by the Inspector General O≈ce ($209,000/ must have a presence on the Capitol Police Board in or- two FTEs). der to argue for the level of resources made available to Infrastructure Support protect the Library’s assets. The Capitol Police o≈cers who serve on Library property must also be under the The Library is requesting $6.531 million and nine FTEs technical direction of and accountable to the Librarian of to address critical support systems, space, and sta∑ ini- Congress. The Library looks forward to working with tiatives.These Library-wide initiatives support all orga- this committee and the authorizing committees to ensure nizational entities and are key to performing our varied that the merger is completed in a manner that preserves tasks e≈ciently and to providing our customers with the mandated authority of the Librarian. e≈cient and seamless services. Funding supports the following areas: Security Equipment Maintenance. A total of $930,000 is requested for the maintenance and repair costs of five Information Technology. IT is a critical tool for achieving new major electronic security systems, which will be- organizational success in the Library. An additional come fully operational in fiscal 2005. Sustaining their $3.316 million is needed for the Library’s IT infrastruc- operations will be crucial for Library security. The re- ture. To keep pace with the rapid increase in electronic

172 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 tra≈c, ITS server processing power and associated stor- previously not available to the Library but used through- age have increased, and the corresponding funding for out industry and by other government agencies, to in- maintenance must also increase. A total of $1 million is crease the e≈ciency of all space-related projects and enable needed to cover ITS’s actual and projected maintenance rotated scheduling of preventive maintenance (reducing costs (we anticipate a 14 percent increase in hardware costly repairs Library-wide).These steps are especially im- maintenance and a 6 percent increase in software main- portant for the O≈ces of Safety Services, Security and tenance in fiscal 2005). The Library’s technology needs Emergency Preparedness, and ITS. change as services expand, and they require twenty-four- Reduced funding for custodial services in recent years hour support to satisfy the Library’s customers, which has resulted in a general deterioration of building condi- sharply raises contract costs. The requested $1.017 mil- tions, and an additional $196,000 and one FTE (custodial lion will allow ITS to support the increasing costs of the work inspector) is needed to supplement the current con- IT service provider contract, which the current ITS tract. Since Fort Meade will add 335,000 square feet of budget cannot fund. Without added funding, ITS will space between fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2009, the Library is have to either curtail services or dangerously cut back on requesting $26,000 to fund the needed custodial services. equipment purchases or maintenance. One-time funding of $1.299 million is also needed to implement a single in- Personnel Management. A total of $1.335 million is re- tegrated search function for the Library’s primary online quested to upgrade the Library’s personnel hiring system. information sources (LIS/THOMAS,American Mem- The future of all of the Library’s e∑orts depends on our ory, LC Web pages, and the Integrated Library System greatest asset—the expertise, intellect, and dedication of bibliographic catalogs).This initiative will support search- a Library sta∑ that makes our vast collections and serving with the commonly used data standard (extensible ices relevant and accessible. Library management must be markup language, or XML) that the Congress is now ap- able to train, develop, and renew its sta∑ and add fresh plying to the preparation of its publications. As the talent to sustain the Library’s leadership role amid the House and Senate develop and implement new author- massive technological changes in the twenty-first cen- ing systems that support XML, the congressional clien- tury. The Library’s Human Resources Services needs a tele expect the Library to have a search engine and related fully integrated and comprehensive Web-based Human software that can handle XML. CRS will be partnering Resource Information System (HRIS) that interfaces with the ITS o≈ce to identify the requirements; develop with the Library’s payroll provider.The added funding of solutions; and procure, migrate, configure, and optimize $1.335 million requested for fiscal 2005 will procure and the needed new search engine tools. implement sta≈ng and classification modules that will be integrated with the emerging HRIS and will improve Facilities Management. An increase of $1.880 million and the timeliness and e≈ciency of the Library’s hiring and nine FTEs are requested to modernize the Library’s fa- classification processes. cilities services, supporting space management ($1.658 Library’s Buildings and Grounds million/eight FTEs) and custodial services ($222,000/ one FTE).The Library’s Facilities Services Division can- The AOC is responsible for the structural and me- not e∑ectively meet current and future Library space chanical care and maintenance of the Library’s buildings support requirements and lacks flexibility to respond to and grounds. In coordination with the Library,the AOC the Library’s rapidly changing needs. Multiple internal has requested in its fiscal 2005 budget an increase of and external audits and studies of Facilities Services have $121.8 million for Library-related work and support.The identified fundamental problems in facilities programs AOC budget includes funding for six key projects re- that only division-wide modernization and workforce de- quested by the Library.The two most crucial projects are velopment can improve. The funding request addresses (1) continuation of the Fort Meade construction pro- the most urgent recommendations identified by the au- gram by the construction of Book Storage Modules 3 and ditors, several outside expert consultants, the Integrated 4 ($38.5 million), and (2) construction of the Copyright Support Services director, and the Facilities Services man- Deposit Facility ($59.2 million). Both of these capital agement team. Implementation of these recommenda- improvement projects are critical in addressing basic tions will provide the Library with the basic support tools, storage and preservation deficiencies, as well as serious

appendix b: the librarian’s testimony 173 environmental, fire, and employee safety issues. Delay in guage we are proposing for fiscal 2005 is required to funding this construction will make an already critical implement this approach, which was needed for the situation worse and will increase the future cost of con- congressionally approved NDIIPP plan. Attaining the struction. Funding is also requested for increased space $75million of matching federal funding and achieving modifications ($150,000), construction of six secure stor- the desired results in the preservation of digital material age rooms/vaults ($860,000), a dishwashing machine require investing the initial $20 million in a series of for the Madison cafeteria ($210,000), and an integration practical projects that will unfold over a five-year period. and upgrade study ($400,000) of our aging book con- The creation of an attainable national preservation veyor system. The Library strongly recommends the ap- strategy will occur incrementally, because of the com- proval of the AOC’s Library Buildings and Grounds plexity of the challenge and the number and diversity of budget, which is essential for the e∑ective functioning of partners involved.The Library is taking actions to begin the Library. building the preservation infrastructure by Legislative Initiatives ¶ Building the technical architecture that can support these multiple partnerships, The Library has proposed language to extend, by five years, the period for securing commitments from part- ¶ Developing a network of partners who will share the ners to join the National Digital Information Infra- responsibility in the course of the next five years, and structure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP); to pro- ¶ Participating in joint collaborative research on long- vide the mandated matching funds; and to work out term digital preservation and archiving issues. formulae to include grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, and other legally enforceable pledge agreements A first formal call for network partners was released in entered into before 2010. August 2003, and we received final proposals on No- The Library’s strategy for meeting the requirements of vember 12, 2003. The Library, along with the National the legislation revolves around making investments that Endowment for the Humanities, is making selections require mutual participation and cost-sharing agree- among the proposed applicants to seed the NDIIPP net- ments with a wide variety of stakeholders. Given the work with partners for long-term preservation of digital current economic climate, the Library anticipates that a content.The Library anticipates awarding up to $15 mil- substantial volume of nonfederal matches will be in the lion of the available $20 million available in this initial form of in-kind, cost-sharing contributions to the joint round of investments. NDIIPP projects that will be defined and developed by The Library is simultaneously funding a test of exist- the Library over time. The Library seeks to extend the ing architectures to assess how digital content can be period of time in which these nonfederal contributions shared and be made interoperable among di∑erent insti- can be solicited and received.The Library’s ability to sup- tutions.This will result in a revised technical architecture port these jointly funded projects will be substantially en- and a second generation of investments in developing hanced if the $75 million that is subject to a matching re- the overall technical preservation architecture. quirement can be made available for obligation over the The Library is partnering with the National Science extended time frame in which the di∑erent schedules of Foundation (NSF) in a digital archiving and long-term pledge donations are likely to be fulfilled. preservation research program.The goal of the program is The Library is funding the NDIIPP by investing in a to stimulate research that builds capacities for long-term first set of practical experiments and tests. Following an management and preservation of digital materials. The assessment, we will fund a second set of investments as intent of the program is to support both technical and described in the plan that was submitted to and ap- economic, social, and legal research topics related to archiv- proved by the Congress in December 2002. The initial ing digital materials. The Library signed a Memorandum planning and fact-finding phase of NDIIPP made it of Understanding with the NSF in February 2004. clear that the entire amount available to NDIIPP could Language is also proposed to prohibit transferring not be responsibly committed without the benefit of funds from the Library of Congress to the State Depart- the earlier testing and iterative learning, followed by ment for the construction of embassies. The State De- reinvestment in a second generation of work. The lan- partment has proposed establishing a Capital Security

174 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Cost-Sharing Program that, by fiscal 2009, would cost the Summary Library as much as and possibly more than the entire As the keeper of America’s—and much of the world’s— present cost of our overseas o≈ces. Under the proposed creative and intellectual achievements, the Library of new program, the Library would be paying the State De- Congress is keenly aware of its awesome responsibility. partment, by fiscal 2009, approximately $7.4 million for This Library is the research and information arm of the 202 positions located in twelve locations—95 percent of national legislature and contains the world’s largest store- which are located in only six locations. This assessment house of knowledge and the mint record of America’s would be equivalent to 90 percent of the Library’s fiscal creativity. The strategic plan and supporting fiscal 2005 2004 total present overseas budget of $8.231 million.The budget request will continue the Library’s great tradition, State Department’s proposal does not follow government which covers the world and has now been expanded to cost-sharing standards and would unfairly leverage addi- include congressionally mandated leadership in the mas- tional costs on the Library’s overseas acquisitions pro- sive task of sorting and preserving digital material.All of grams that are essential for our continued understanding this is needed to support the Congress, the public, and of the Near East and other areas of national concern. the democratic ideal. The budget before this subcommittee reflects impor- The Library’s vision for the twenty-first century is to tant needs for the Library—preservation of its collec- lead the nation in ensuring access to knowledge and infor- tions, expansion of its services to the Congress, and, in- mation by promoting the Library’s creative use of its un- creasingly services for the nation. As the national library matched human and material resources for the Congress leading and working with a complex network of partners and its constituents. By 2008, the Library plans, with the at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Library’s support of the Congress, to have achieved the following: workforce—now and in the future—is an essential element to the success of our mission and goals. In previous ¶ The Library’s National Audio-Visual Conservation appearances before this subcommittee, I have stressed Center is operating, and is recognized as having assumed, the need to transfer knowledge and expertise to a new international leadership in providing film and recorded generation of knowledge specialists.An estimated 40 per- sound preservation and accessibility. The new storage fa- cent of the Library’s workforce will be eligible to retire by cilities at Fort Meade are operating and are recognized as 2009. The Library must also be able to attract and retain an outstanding example of how to perform o∑-site storage, the very best talent available—in CRS, the Law Library, long-term preservation, and rapid access to the material. the Copyright O≈ce, and in its library management areas. Elsewhere in the federal government—widely in the ¶ The core national programs of Library Services and the executive branch and within sister agencies such as the O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives are recognized to have sus- GAO—the recruitment, management, and pay scales tained the breadth and depth of the universal artifactual of the federal workforce are being changed.The Library and digital collections. These programs will also have will be seeking from the 108th Congress authorization provided positive, verifiable assurance that the Library is for broad-based human capital tools and flexibilities in acquiring, establishing bibliographic control, preserving, line with practices already in use within the federal gov- providing 24/7 access, and securing the collections for fu- ernment. We need to ensure that the Library of Con- ture generations regardless of the information’s format. gress can attract, retain, motivate, and reward a top qual- ¶ The Congressional Research Service has succeeded in ity and high-performing workforce to serve the Congress restructuring both its permanent workforce and its sup- and to sustain and make even more usable the nation’s plemental interim capacity so that it is always the first- strategic information and knowledge reserve. In order to choice research provider of the Congress for authorita- meet the ambitious goals of our strategic plan and active, nonpartisan, timely, and objective research and complish our goals, we must be able to compete on a public policy analysis in support of legislative delibera- level playing field within the federal government for the tions. It will have improved both the quality of its analy- best talent. The Library’s services to the Congress and sis as well as its overall research capacity. the nation are unique and multifaceted, and they require the Library’s workforce to possess cutting-edge ¶ The National Library Service for the Blind and Phys- knowledge and skill sets. ically Handicapped has completed the development of

appendix b: the librarian’s testimony 175 digital talking-book technology and has begun conver- ¶ The Library has implemented human capital manage- sion to use of the technology through distribution of the ment initiatives resulting in recruitment, development, new talking-book machines. and maintenance of a diverse, well-trained, highly skilled, and high-performing workforce to filter, navigate, ana- ¶ The Copyright O≈ce is a leading advocate of an e∑ec- lyze, and objectively interpret knowledge for the Con- tive national copyright system that serves both creators gress and the nation. Further, the workforce functions in and users of copyrighted works; is the primary adviser to a management-supported environment characterized by the Congress on national and international copyright open communication, innovative thinking, leadership in matters and is a relied-upon source of information and managing change, and e∑ective and e≈cient program and assistance to federal agencies and the judiciary on these supporting processes rivaling the best commercially avail- matters; is providing its services, including registrations, able services. Special emphasis will be paid for providing electronically; and is creating registration records com- flexible rewards and responsibility for sta∑ with substan- patible with the Library’s cataloging system. tive expertise that leads to productivity improvements. ¶ The Law Library of Congress will have achieved and On behalf of the Library and all of its sta∑, I thank the maintained an enhanced electronic system involving al- Congress for its continued support of the Library and its most all countries important to the U.S. Congress in or- programs. I ask for the support of the Library’s fiscal der to provide it with more comprehensive, authoritative, 2005 budget request as the next step in moving toward and timely global legal information. achieving these strategic outcomes.

appendix c: advisory bodies

James Madison Council Membership

John W. Kluge, Chairman Norma Asnes Peter D. Cummings George L. Farias New York, New York New York, New York Detroit, Michigan New York, New York Edwin L. Cox, Roger and Julie Baskes Douglas N. Daft Marjorie M. Fisher Vice Chairman Chicago, Illinois Atlanta, Georgia Bloomﬁeld Hills, Dallas, Texas Michigan Barbara Taylor Bradford Norma Dana Leonard L. Silverstein, New York, New York New York, New York Marjorie S. Fisher Tre a s u re r Franklin, Michigan Bu∑y Cafritz Gina Despres Washington, D.C. Bethesda, Maryland Washington, D.C. Nancy Fisher Paul A. Allaire Washington, D.C. Janice Calloway Diane Duggin Stamford, Connecticut Greenwich, Connecticut Malvern, Pennsylvania J. Je∑rey and Ruth S. Altshuler Ann Marie Fox Joan Challinor Charles W. Durham Dallas, Texas Annapolis, Maryland Washington, D.C. Omaha, Nebraska John and Teresa Amend Gay Hart Gaines Lloyd E. Cotsen James A. Elkins Jr. Dallas, Texas Palm Beach, Florida Los Angeles, California Houston, Texas

176 John K. Garvey David H. Koch Arthur Ortenberg Elizabeth W.Smith Wichita, Kansas New York, New York New York, New York New York, New York Thomas H. Glocer Abraham Krasno∑ Frank H. Pearl Frederick W. Smith New York, New York Glen Cove, New York Washington, D.C. Memphis, Tennessee Harry J. Gray H. Fred Krimendahl II Mitzi Perdue Henry J. Smith North Palm Beach, New York, New York Salisbury, Maryland Dallas, Texas Florida Bruce Lauritzen Shirley E. Phillips Marie F.Smith Stein Eric Hagen Omaha, Nebraska Ocean City, Maryland Washington, D.C. Oslo, Norway H. F.Lenfest Carol Price Raymond W. Smith Sally Harris West Conshohocken, Kansas City, Missouri Arlington, Virginia New York, New York Pennsylvania Frederick Prince Paul G. Stern John S. Hendricks Irvin L. and Joan Levy Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. Silver Spring, Maryland Dallas, Texas Bernard Rapoport John A. Thain Leo J. Hindery Jr. Ira A. Lipman Waco, Texas New York, New York New York, New York New York, New York Catherine B. Reynolds Alan M. Voorhees Caroline Rose Hunt Jon B. Lovelace McLean, Virginia Woodbridge, Virginia Dallas, Texas Santa Barbara, California Lady Sainsbury Thorunn Wathne Nancy Glanville Jewell Tom Luce III of Turville New York, New York Houston, Texas Dallas, Texas London, England Joan Wegner Glenn R. Jones Cary M. Maguire B. Francis Saul II West Chicago, Illinois Englewood, Colorado Dallas, Texas Bethesda, Maryland Bea Welters Jerral W. Jones Thomas and Kay Martin Walter Scott Jr. Vienna, Virginia Dallas, Texas Leawood, Kansas Omaha, Nebraska John C. Whitehead Marion Jorgensen Edward S. and L. Dennis Shapiro New York, New York Los Angeles, California Joyce Miller Chestnut Hill, Diane R. Wolf Washington, D.C. Massachusetts James V.Kimsey New York, New York Washington, D.C. Raymond D. Nasher Raja W. Sidawi Michael B. Yanney Dallas, Texas New York, New York Jay I. Kislak Omaha, Nebraska Miami, Florida Donald E. Newhouse Albert H. Small Newark, New Jersey Bethesda, Maryland

Library of Congress Leaders Circle

K. David Boyer Elizabeth W. Galvin Noelle Nikpour Paul Smith Oakton, Virginia Washington, D.C. Little Rock, Arkansas San Francisco, California David Forrester James N. Hauslein Hugh Simms Phillips Rockville, Maryland Greenwich, Connecticut Ocean City, Maryland James Lyons B. F.Saul III Lanham, Maryland Bethesda, Maryland

appendix c: advisory bodies 177 American Folklife Center Board of Trustees (Serving during Fiscal 2004)

Congressional Appointees Presidential Appointees Tom Rankin Executive Director John Penn Fix III Thomas Bowman Center for Documentary Studies Businessman Acting Assistant Secretary of Public Duke University Spokane, Washington and Intergovernmental A∑airs Durham, North Carolina Department of Veterans A∑airs Mickey Hart Musician Fran Mainella Ex O≈cio 360 Degrees Productions Director James H. Billington Sebastopol, California National Park Service Librarian of Congress Dennis Holub Aurene Martin Peggy A. Bulger Executive Director Acting Assistant Director Director South Dakota Arts Council for Indian A∑airs American Folklife Center Pierre, South Dakota Department of the Interior Bruce Cole William L. Kinney Jr. Sonya E. Medina Chairman Publisher Deputy Director of Projects National Endowment for the Marlboro Herald-Advocate O≈ce of the First Lady Humanities Bennettsville, South Carolina The White House Dana Gioia Judith McCulloh Librarian’s Appointees Chairman Assistant Director and Executive National Endowment for the Arts Editor Jane Beck University of Illinois Press Director Michael Owen Jones Urbana, Illinois Vermont Folklife Center President Middlebury,Vermont American Folklore Society Marlene Meyerson Arts Supporter Norma Cantú Tim Rice Tesuque, New Mexico Professor of English President University of Texas Society for Ethnomusicology Kay Kaufman Shelemay San Antonio, Texas Professor of Music Lawrence M. Small Harvard University Kojo Nnamdi Secretary of the Smithsonian Cambridge, Massachusetts Radio and Television Moderator Institution Washington, D.C.

American Bar Association Standing Committee on the Law Library of Congress

Tedson J. Meyers, Chair Roy Mersky Board of Governors Liaison ABA Sta∑ Director Craig T. Beazer William H. Orton Mark Agrast Amy Horton-Newell Bernard W. Bell Matt Todd Special Adviser Sta∑ Assistant Amy J. Mendelsohn Blake Tartt Hannah Yu

178 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 National Film Preservation Board

Academy of Motion Picture Arts National Association University Film and Video and Sciences of Theater Owners Association Member: Fay Kanin Member: Ted Pedas Member: Ben Levin Alternate: Haskell Wexler Alternate: Mary Ann Grasso Alternate: Betsy McLane Alliance of Motion Picture and National Society of Film Critics Department of Film and Television Producers Member: David Kehr Television of the School Member: J. Nicholas Counter III Alternate: Jay Carr of Theater, Film, and Television Alternate: Carol Lombardini at the University Department of Film and Television of California–Los Angeles American Film Institute of the Tisch School of the Arts Member: Bob Rosen Member: John Ptak at New York University Alternate: Teshome Gabriel Alternate: Jill Sackler Member: Robert Sklar Alternate: Antonia Lant Writers Guild of America American Society of East Member: Richard Wesley Cinematographers and Screen Actors Guild West Member: Del Reisman the International of America Photographers Guild Member: Richard Masur At-Large Member: Allen Daviau Alternate: Melissa Gilbert Alternate: Robert Primes Member: Roger Mayer Society for Cinema Studies Alternate: Edward James Olmos Association of Moving Image Member: Ed Guerrero Archivists Alternate: Ana López Member: Gregory Nava Member: Rick Prelinger Alternate: Leonard Maltin Society of Composers and Lyricists Alternate: Pam Wintle Member: (vacant) Member: Alfre Woodard Directors Guild of America Alternate: Alan Bergman Alternate: Karen Ishizuka Member: Arthur Hiller U.S. members of the Alternate: Martin Scorsese Pro Bono Counsel International Federation Motion Picture Association of Film Archives Eric Schwartz, Smith and of America Member: Mary Lea Bandy, Metalitz llp Member: Jack Valenti Museum of Modern Art Alternate: Jon Leibowitz Alternate: Paolo Cherchi Usai, George Eastman House

appendix c: advisory bodies 179 National Film Preservation Foundation Board of Directors

Roger Mayer, Board Chair Cecilia DeMille Presley Foundation Sta∑ President and Chief Operating O≈cer President, Cecil B. DeMille Foundation Annette Melville Turner Entertainment Company John Ptak Director Creative Artists Agency Directors Je∑ Lambert Robert G. Rehme Assistant Director Laurence Fishburne President Actor/Producer Barbara Gibson Rehme Productions Public Relations I. Michael Heyman Eric Schwartz Professor Emeritus Rebecca Payne Smith and Metalitz llp Boalt School of Law O≈ce Manager University of California–Berkeley Martin Scorsese David Wells Filmmaker and President The Honorable Programs Manager The Film Foundation Robert W. Kastenmeier Former U.S. Representative (D-Wis.) Ex O≈cio James H. Billington Librarian of Congress

National Film Registry in the Library of Congress (2003 Additions)

Antonia: A Portrait of the Woman (1974) The Hunters (1957) Show People (1928) Atlantic City (1980) Matrimony’s Speed Limit (1913) The Son of the Sheik (1926) Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) Medium Cool (1969) Tarzan and His Mate (1934) The Chechahcos (1924) National Velvet (1944) Tin Toy (1988) Dickson Experimental Sound Film Naughty Marietta (1935) The Wedding March (1928) (1894–1895) Nostalgia (1971) White Heat (1949) Film Portrait (1970) One Froggy Evening (1956) Young Frankenstein (1974) Fox Movietone News: Patton (1970) Young Mr. Lincoln (1939) Jenkins Orphanage Band (1928) Princess Nicotine; or The Smoke Fairy Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933) (1909)

180 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 National Recording Registry in the Library of Congress (2003 Additions)

“The Lord’s Prayer” and Complete day of radio Steam locomotive recordings, “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star,” broadcasting, WJSV,Washington, O. Winston Link Emile Berliner (ca. 1888) D.C. (September 21, 1939) (6 vols.: 1957–1977) “Honolulu Cake Walk,” “New San Antonio Rose,” Richard Wagner’s Complete Ring Vess Ossman (1898) Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys Cycle, Georg Solti and the (1940) Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra Victor releases, Bert Williams (1958–1965) and George Walker (1901) 1941 World Series game four, New York Yankees vs. Brooklyn Winds in Hi-Fi, Eastman Wind “You’re a Grand Old Rag [Flag],” Dodgers Ensemble with Frederick Fennell Billy Murray (1906) (1958) Chippewa/Ojibwe cylinder Bach’s B-Minor Mass, Mingus Ah-Um, collection, Frances Densmore Robert Shaw Chorale (1947) Charles Mingus (1959) (1907–1910) Beethoven String Quartets, New York Taxi Driver, The ﬁrst Bubble Book (1917) Budapest Quartet (1940–1950) Tony Schwartz (1959) Cylinder recordings Porgy and Bess, original cast, Ali Akbar College of Music of African American music, George Gershwin (1940, 1942) Archive Selections (1960s–1970s) Guy B. Johnson (1920s) Oklahoma! original cast, “Crazy,” Patsy Cline (1961) “Cross of Gold,” speech Rodgers and Hammerstein (1943) reenactment by Othello, Paul Robeson, Uta Hagen, Kennedy Inaugural Ceremony, William Jennings Bryan (1921) Jose Férrer, and others (1943) John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert Frost, and others (1961) Okeh Laughing Record (1922) Vivaldi’s Four Seasons, Louis Judy at Carnegie Hall, “Adeste Fideles,” Associated Kaufman and the Concert Hall Judy Garland (1961) Glee Clubs of America (1925) String Orchestra (1947) “I’ve Been Loving You Cajun-Creole Columbia releases, Concord, Ives Piano Sonata no. 2, Too Long (to Stop Now),” Amade Ardoin and Dennis McGee John Kirkpatrick (1948) Otis Redding (1965) (1929) Modest Mussorgsky’s Pictures Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, “Goodnight Irene,” at an Exhibition, Rafael Kubelik The Beatles (1967) Leadbelly (1933) conducting the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (1951) At Folsom Prison, Johnny Cash (1968) “Every Man a King,” speech by Huey P.Long (1935) “Problems of the American Home,” What’s Goin’ On, Billy Graham (1954) Marvin Gaye (1971) “He’s Got the Whole World in His Hands,” Bach’s Goldberg Variations, Tapestry, Carole King (1971) Marian Anderson (1936) Glenn Gould (1955) A Prairie Home Companion, The Complete Recordings, Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Garrison Keillor (ﬁrst broadcast Robert Johnson (1936–1937) Song Book (1956) of the variety show, July 6, 1974) Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert, “Roll Over Beethoven,” Born to Run, Benny Goodman (1938) Chuck Berry (1956) Bruce Springsteen (1975) Interviews conducted by Alan Brilliant Corners, Live at Yankee Stadium, Lomax, Jelly Roll Morton (1938) Thelonius Monk (1956) Fania All-Stars (1975)

appendix c: advisory bodies Philip Lee Phillips Society (Friends of the Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress)

Steering Committee Seymour I. Schwartz David Woodward New York University of Wisconsin–Madison Wesley A. Brown, Cochair Colorado George Tobolowsky Cordell D. K. Yee Texas St. John’s College, Annapolis Arthur Holzheimer, Cochair Illinois J. Thomas Touchton Ex O≈cio Florida Roger S. Baskes John R. Hébert Illinois Eric W.Wolf Chief, Geography and Map Virginia Allen Carroll Division, 1999– Washington, D.C. Library of Congress Academic Advisers Barbara Adele Fine Ralph E. Ehrenberg Louis De Vorsey Washington, D.C. Chief, Geography and Map University of Georgia Division, 1991–1998 Joseph Fitzgerald Alice Hudson Library of Congress Florida New York Public Library John A. Wolter Jenkins and Virginia Garrett Mark Monmonier Chief, Geography and Map Texas Syracuse University Division, 1978–1991 William Ginsberg Library of Congress Mary Pedley New York University of Michigan Walter W. Ristow Robert A. Highbarger Chief, Geography and Map Dennis Reinhartz Maryland Division, 1968–1978 University of Texas–Arlington Library of Congress Glen McLaughlin Richard W. Stephenson California George Mason University Executive Secretary Kenneth Nebenzahl Norman J. W.Thrower Ronald Grim Illinois University of California– Specialist in Cartographic History Gary W. North Los Angeles Geography and Map Division Virginia Library of Congress

Center for Geographic Information

Chair Ex O≈cio Executive Secretary Alan Voorhees John R. Hébert Gary L. Fitzpatrick Autometric Inc. Chief, Geography and Map Geography and Map Division Division Library of Congress Library of Congress

182 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 The Kluge Center Scholars’ Council

The Scholars’ Council is a body of distinguished international scholars, convened by the Librarian of Congress to advise on matters related to the Kluge Center and the Kluge Prize.The following members of the Scholars’ Council were appointed by the Librarian of Congress, under a separate charter appended to the Kluge Center’s charter.

Bernard Bailyn Philip W. Gold Jaroslav Pelikan Adams University Professor Chief of the clinical research Sterling Professor of History Emeritus at Harvard University program of the Clinical at Yale University and Director of the International Neuroendocrinology Branch, Jessica Rawson Seminar on the History of the National Institutes of Health Warden of Merton College Atlantic World Toru Haga at Oxford University Baruch Blumberg President and Professor of John Searle Senior Adviser for Biology Comparative Literature and Professor of Philosophy at the to the administrator of the Culture at the Kyoto University University of California–Berkeley National Aeronautics and Space of Art and Design and Professor Administration and director Emeritus of the University of Amartya Sen of the Astrobiology Institute Tokyo and International Research Master of Trinity College, Center for Japanese Studies Cambridge, and Lamont Judith Margaret Brown University Professor Emeritus Beit Professor of Commonwealth Hugh Heclo at Harvard University History at Oxford and Clarence J. Robinson Professor a Fellow of Balliol College of Public A∑airs at Wole Soyinka George Mason University Robert W.Woodru∑ Professor Sara Castro-Klaren of the Arts at Emory University Professor of Latin American Gertrude Himmelfarb Culture and Literature Distinguished Professor of James Turner at Johns Hopkins University History at the Graduate School of Reverend John J. Cavanaugh, the City University of New York. C.S.C., Professor of Humanities Jean Bethke Elshtain at the University of Notre Dame Laura Spelman Rockefeller Vyacheslav Ivanov Professor of Social and Political Linguist and Professor Mario Vargas Llosa Ethics in the Divinity School of Linguistics at the University The inaugural Ibero-American at the University of Chicago of California–Los Angeles Literature and Culture Chair at Georgetown University Robert W. Fogel Bruce Mazlish Charles R. Walgreen Professor of History William Julius Wilson Distinguished Service Professor at the Massachusetts Institute Lewis P.and Linda L. Geyser of American Institutions in of Technology University Professor at Harvard the Graduate School of Business University’s John F.Kennedy Walter McDougall of the University of Chicago School of Government Alloy-Ansin Professor of Bronislaw Geremek International Relations at the M. Crawford Young Former Foreign Minister of University of Pennsylvania Professor Emeritus of Political Poland and a scholar of medieval Science at the University European history, especially of Wisconsin of France and Poland

appendix c: advisory bodies 183 appendix d. kluge center scholars

During fiscal 2004 the following scholars conducted re- Robert Mason, “America’s Minority: The Republican search in the Kluge Center on the following topics: Party and the U.S. Electorate from Hoover to Reagan” Kluge Fellows Kate Masur,“Unworthy of the Nation: Black Rights and the Failure of Democracy in Civil War–Era America” Gregg Brazinsky,“Cultural Interactions That Have Oc- curred between the U.S. and East Asia during the Twen- Carol S. Matthews, exploring themes of race, ethnicity, tieth Century and American Intellectual and Cultural and American exceptionalism found in American sec- Relations with South Korea during the 1950s and 1960s” tarian religious texts, including histories of American sectarian movements, Mormon materials, and Spiritual- Elspeth Brown,“Model Americans: A History of Com- ist journals produced in the United States since 1830 mercial Modeling in the United States, 1884–1969” Marcia Norton,“American O∑erings:Tobacco and Choco- Anita Callaway,“The Making of American Visual Cul- late in the Spanish Empire, 1492–1700” ture: The Enduring Legacy of Ephemeral Art” Gian-Mario Cao,“Diogenes Laertius: Medieval and Re- Chidiebere Nwaubani, “Nigeria: The Politics of Decol- naissance ‘Fortuna’ and Bibliography” onization, 1937–1960” Ruth Clements,“Biblical Interpretation and Christian– Douglas Slaymaker,“The Japanese Imagination of France Jewish Controversy: Interaction, Influence, and Rhetoric During the Prewar and Postwar Years” in the 2nd–3rd Centuries ce” Temule (“Temur”),“Mongolia of the Imagination: West- Margaret Dikovitsky, “Russian Imperial Colonial Atti- ern Travelers in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth tudes: An Analysis of Photographs from the Prokudin- Centuries, with Special Emphasis on Owen Lattimore” Gorskii Collection” Gillian Weiss, “Back from Barbary: French Slavery in Finis Dunaway, “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a River: the Early Modern Mediterranean” The Mississippi in the American Imagination” Man Shun Yeung, “Western Image of Canton (Guang- Athanase Hagengimana,“Psycho-Social Causes of Rwanda zhou) and Its Inhabitants, 1760–1860” Genocide” Kluge Sta∑ Fellow Eric Jacobson, researching the papers of Hannah Arendt Alden Almquist, “Indigenous Knowledge and Practices for the publication of a book on her correspondence as Resources in the Preservation of Wildlife and Bio- diversity in Africa” Tomasz Kamusella, “Nationalism and the Politics of Language in East Central Europe during the Nineteenth Library of Congress Fellows and Twentieth Centuries” in International Studies Svetlana Kujumdzieva, “A Cross-Cultural Study of the Mustafa Aksakal, “Defining Ottoman Public Opinion Oktoechos: John of Damascus, John Koukouzeles, Chry- on the Eve of World War I” saphes the New” Robert Albro, “Popular Contortions: The Politics of Lu Liu,“Mass Migration in Wartime China” Misrecognition and Modern Bolivian Publics”

184 James Anderson, “The Rebel Den of Nung Tri Cao: Chair Holders Eleventh-Century Rebellion and Response along the Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov,first holder of the Chair Sino–Vietnamese Frontier” of Modern Culture, is professor, Department of Slavic Peter J. Carroll, analyzing the changing significance of Languages and Literatures, and professor, Indo-European suicide as a social phenomenon in China during the first Studies Program, at the University of California–Los half of the twentieth century Angeles. A philologist and translator of international re- pute, he explored the universality of symbols in the Old Robert Crews,“A Faith for the Tsar: Islam, Community, Slavic, Proto and Ancient Indian,Ancient Near Oriental, and the State in Imperial Russia” and Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures. Leor Halevi,“Death, Ritual, and Society in the Early Is- Libby Larsen, Harissios Papamarkou Chair in Educa- lamic World” tion and one of America’s most prolific and performed Karen Oslund, “Of Whales and Men: The North At- composers, did research on the relationship between lantic as a Zone of Contested Scientific Ethics and Cul- forms of transportation and the performance spaces and tural Politics” forms of music. She also argued for revised methods of music education. Patricia Sieber,“The Formation of Modern Sinology” Mark A. Noll, holder of the Cary and Ann Maguire Elizabeth Thompson, “Sex, Space, and Spectacle in Chair in American History and Ethics, is McManis Colonial Cinema: A Nexus of Cultural and Political Chair of Christian Thought at Wheaton College and Transaction in the Late French Empire” the cofounder and adviser for the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals. He is pursuing research in the Sergei Zhuk,“Peasants, Millennialism, and Radical Sects significance of the Bible in American public life. in Southern Russia and Ukraine, 1830–1917” Lamin Sanneh, holder of the Chair of Countries and Rockefeller Islamic Studies Fellows Cultures of the South, is D. Willis James Professor of Clarissa Burt, “Felicity’s Parting: Imitation, Trope, and Missions and World Christianity and professor of his- Gender in Classical Arabic Poetry” tory at Yale University. He is inquiring into the institutions of Islamic governance and law before, during, and John Hanson,“Modernity,Transnational Islam,and Africa: after British rule in Nigeria. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Movement in the Twentieth- Century Gold Coast/Ghana” Kissinger Scholar Susan Hirsch,“A Victim and Anthropologist Reflect on Lanxin Xiang, Henry Alfred Kissinger Scholar in Foreign the East African Embassy Bombings” Policy and International Relations, is associated with the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales in Ablet Kamalov, “Globalization, Islam, and Uygar Na- Geneva,Switzerland.His most recent book,The Origins of tionalism in Xinjiang” the Boxer War, was published by Curzon Press in 2002. As Walid Saleh, “A History of Islamic Apocalyptic Imagi- third occupant of the Kissinger Chair, Xiang did research nation” on “The Idea of Democracy and Sino–U.S. Relations.” Melhem Salman, “A Biography of Salman al Farsi: Distinguished Scholars in Residence Seventh-Century Luminary and Model for the Present” Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Distinguished Visiting David B. Larson Fellowship in Health Scholar and president of Brazil from 1995 to 2002,is known and Spirituality for strengthening democratic values, improving institutions, and searching for progress and a better standard of Juliet Bruce,“The Theory and Practice of Creative Self- living for many sectors of Brazilian society, as well as for Expression for Healing, Especially for Those A∑ected by promoting regional cooperation in South America.He pur- Violence, Underachievement, and Marginalization” sued research on decisions during his tenure as president.

appendix d. kluge center scholars 185 Ruth Cardoso, Distinguished Visiting Scholar and former ture. He focused his research at the Library of Congress ﬁrst lady of Brazil, is—like her husband—an important on an original extended Armenian poem, the Adamagirk sociologist with many books to her credit. A recipient of (Book of Adam), written by Arakel of Siwnik. numerous awards for her research on immigration, she James Turner, Senior Distinguished Scholar, is a member was chair of the Comunidade Solidaria, a program to of the Library’s Scholars’ Council and is the Rev. John J. combat poverty and social exclusion in Brazil. She pursued Cavanaugh, C.S.C., Professor of Humanities at the Uni- research on poverty programs in contemporary Brazil. versity of Notre Dame, as well as founding director of the Robert Remini, Distinguished Visiting Scholar of Amer- Erasmus Institute. His research examined American and ican History, is professor emeritus at the University of British intellectual history with respect to the origins of so- Illinois–Chicago. He is author of a deﬁnitive three-volume cial science disciplines from nineteenth-century philology. biography of Andrew Jackson, as well as biographies of Daniel Webster and Henry Clay.Presently,he is writing a Other Fellows history of the U.S. House of Representatives. Armenuhi Ghambaryan, U.S. State Department’s Inter- Menahem Schmelzer, Senior Distinguished Scholar, is national Research Exchange program, “Aspects of U.S. professor of medieval Hebrew literature and Jewish bib- Policy toward Armenia, between 1918 and 1920” liography at the Jewish Theological Seminary of Amer- Ana Lalaj, Fulbright Scholar,“Warsaw Pact and Albania” ica. He researched the interrelationship between Jewish and non-Jewish printers and publishers in eighteenth- Jason Loviglio, J. Franklin Jameson Fellow in American century Germany. History,“The Intimate Public: Network Radio and Mass Mediated Democracy” Michael Stone, Senior Distinguished Visiting Scholar, is professor of Armenian studies and Gail de Nur Profes- Suzana Milevska, Fulbright Scholar,“Photographic Rep- sor of Religious Studies at Hebrew University in Jeru- resentation of Gender Di∑erences of Balkan Immigrants salem. The author of numerous books and articles, he is to the United States during the Late Nineteenth and also a poet with a longtime interest in the “Adam” litera- Early Twentieth Centuries”

appendix e. national book festival sponsors and participants

Charter Sponsors WorkPlaceUSA Scholastic Inc. AT&T Contributors US Airways The Washington Post Barnes & Noble Nina Zolt and Miles Gilburne (In2Books) Patrons The Coca-Cola Company Friends AARP Half Price Books Chevy Chase Bank The James Madison Council National Basketball Association The National Endowment for and Women’s National Basketball The Institute of Museum and the Arts/Nancy and Rich Kinder Association Library Services (Kinder Foundation) PBS The National Endowment for the Humanities Target Stores Penguin Group (USA)

186 Participants Eric Rohmann Julia Glass The following is a list Author and illustrator Former painter, author of National Book Festival of children’s books of short stories and novels participants by pavilion. Janet Wong Sue Monk Kidd Former lawyer and author of books Author of nonfiction and a novel Children’s Pavilion for children and young adults Julie Andrews Cassandra King Actor and author of Teens and Children’s Pavilion Former teacher and author of novels children’s books Avi Wally Lamb Stan and Jan Berenstain Playwright and author of books Teacher and novelist for children and young adults Creators of the Berenstain Bears James McBride series of children’s books (joined Sharon Creech Composer, musician, journalist, by their son, Michael, who has Former teacher and author of and author of a memoir and illustrated or written books in the books for young adults historical novel Berenstain Bears Big Chapter Book series) Nancy Farmer Susan Power Author of books for children Former lawyer and author John Bucchino and young adults of short stories and novels Composer, lyricist, and author of a children’s book in Wendell Minor Anita Shreve the Julie Andrews Collection Illustrator of children’s books Former teacher, former journalist, and author of novels Catherine Creedon Pam Muñoz Ryan Storyteller, archivist, librarian, Author of books for young adults History and Biography Pavilion essayist, and author Eileen Spinelli Everett Alvarez Jr. of a children’s book in Poet and author of books Lawyer, government o≈cial, the Julie Andrews Collection for children and coauthor of autobiographies Nikki Grimes Jerry Spinelli Rick Atkinson Author of books for children Author of books for young adults Former investigative reporter, and young adults former assistant managing R. L. Stine editor for a newspaper, and Steven Kellogg Author of books for children historical author Author and illustrator and young adults of children’s books Michael Beschloss Jane Yolen Television news analyst, historian, Christopher Myers Poet, teacher, book reviewer, and and author of presidential histories Author and illustrator author of books for young adults of children’s books James Bradley Fiction and Imagination Pavilion Walter Dean Myers Speaker, corporate film producer, Author of books for Judith Ortiz Cofer and historical author Poet, essayist, and novelist young adults Robert Caro Mary Pope Osborne Pat Conroy Former investigative reporter Author of books for children Author of novels and nonfiction and biographical author and young adults Edwidge Danticat Michael Dirda Alma Powell Author of short stories Former teacher and translator, Cochair of America’s Promise and novels senior editor for a newspaper, and author of children’s books and autobiographical author

appendix e. national book festival sponsors and participants 187 Walter Isaacson P.Allen Smith Poetry Pavilion Journalist, chief executive o≈cer, Garden designer, television Fred Chappell and biographical author show host, columnist, Teacher, author of short stories and author of a gardening book David Maraniss, journalist and novels, essayist, and poet and historical author Julie Sussman Rhina Espaillat Freelance writer and Lynn Sherr Poet coauthor of a home repair book Former reporter, television B. H. Fairchild news correspondent, and Mysteries and Thrillers Pavilion Teacher and poet historical author David Baldacci Dana Gioia Bob Schie∑er Former trial and corporate Teacher, critic, government Former reporter, television lawyer and author of screenplays, o≈cial, and poet news anchor, and short stories, and thrillers autobiographical author Tami Haaland Stephen Carter Teacher and poet Juan Williams Professor of law and author Journalist, national correspondent of nonﬁction and a mystery X. J. Kennedy for radio, television political Author of children’s books Michael Connelly analyst, and historical author and poet Former crime reporter Home and Family Pavilion and author of mysteries Li-Young Lee Teacher and poet Frank Bielec Catherine Coulter Former teacher, interior designer, Author of historical romances David Lehman muralist, and television personality and thrillers Teacher, editor, and poet Esmé Raji Codell Nelson DeMille David Mason Columnist, children’s literature Author of police detective novels Teacher, critic, essayist, and poet specialist, and author Carolyn Hart E. Ethelbert Miller of education-related books Former newspaper reporter, University administrator, Barbara Damrosch former publicist, and author author of a memoir, and poet Gardener and author of mysteries Marilyn Nelson of gardening books J. A. Jance Teacher and poet Paige Davis Author of detective novels Kay Ryan Former actor and dancer, Laurie King Teacher and poet author of an interior design book, Author of crime ﬁction and television personality Larissa Szporluk Laura Lippman Teacher and poet Stephanie Glakas-Tenet Former newspaper reporter Mother and coauthor Storytelling Pavilion and author of mysteries of a home repair book Emory Battis James Patterson Patrick O’Connell Actor, teacher, and historian Former copy editor for advertising Chef and cookbook author and author of mysteries Carmen Agra Deedy Jacques Pépin Storyteller and author Chef, columnist, teacher, television of children’s books personality, and cookbook author Edward Gero Actor, teacher, and consultant

188 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Nancy Groce Djimo Kouyate Cynthia Millman Specialist in urban folklore Musician and storyteller Teacher, dancer, musician, and and history, radio and television codirector of the dance group Tinh Frankie Manning commentator, and author Teacher, dancer, choreographer, Gayle Ross of articles and storyteller Author and storyteller Norman Kennedy Bobby McMillon Paul Zarzyski Folksinger and storyteller Singer and storyteller Bronco rider, author, and storyteller

appendix f. honors

On June 1, 2004, the Library received an Odyssey of the Librarian of Congress James H. Billington was awarded Mind Award for human creativity. Associate Librarian the Forbes Medal for Noteworthy Contributions to the for Library Services Deanna Marcum accepted the award Field of Preservation by the American Institute for Con- on behalfofthe Library. servation of Art and Historic Artifacts on June 12 as part In December 2003,“Coming Home,”which was the ﬁrst of the institute’s Annual Conference in Portland, Oregon. program in the Veterans History Project’s Public Radio Reid Graham, of the European and Latin American Ac- International series, received a Gracie Allen Award for quisitions Division, was awarded the 2003 Library of superior quality in writing and production from Ameri- Congress Professional Association Vanguard Award for can Women in Radio and Television. sustained service. The Library received the Virtual Reference Desk Direc- Abbie Grotke, digital project coordinator, was included by tor’s Award for its role in creating the Collaborative Dig- Library Journal in its annual list of “Movers and Shakers.” ital Reference Service, now called QuestionPoint, which Mark Horowitz received a book award from ASCAP is a global, Web-based network of libraries that provide (the American Society of Composers,Authors, and Pub- information and reference services. The award was pre- lishers) for the Library’s publication on Stephen Sond- sented at the Virtual Reference Desk Conference held in heim (in association with Scarecrow Press). November 2003. Maureen Landry, chief of the Serial Record Division, Sylvia Albro, senior paper conservator in the Preserva- was elected chair of the ISSN (International Standards tion Directorate, received a Samuel H. Kress Publication Serial Number) Governing Board. Fellowship to complete the publication of her research on Fabriano paper, which she conducted while a Kluge Fel- On June 29, Sally McCallum, chief of the Network De- low at the Library of Congress. velopment and MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) Standards O≈ce, received the American Library Asso- Mary Louise Bernal, special assistant to the Law Librar- ciation’s 2004 Melvil Dewey Medal for recent creative ian of Congress, received the FCIL (Foreign, Compara- professional achievement of a high order. tive, and International Law) Spirit of the SIS (Special In- terest Section) Award at the ninety-seventh Annual Lyle W.Minter, head, Reference Section, was elected a fel- Meeting and Conference of the American Association of low of the Special Libraries Association at its Annual Law Libraries held in Boston, July 10–14. Conference, held June 5–10, 2004, in Nashville,Tennessee.

189 Linda Morenus, senior paper conservator in the Preserva- Marcia Ristaino, acquisitions specialist in the Chinese tion Directorate, received a Christa Ghaede grant and a Acquisitions Section, was selected as the next Kluge Sta∑ professional development award from the American Insti- Fellow in June and will spend fiscal year 2005 in the Kluge tute for Conservation of Art and Historic Artifacts to par- Center doing research using the Library’s collections. ticipate in the Hiromi International Washi Tour of Japan. Donna Scheeder, director of Law Library Services, re- Sibyl Moses, a reference librarian in the Humanities ceived the John Cotton Dana Award from the Special Li- and Social Sciences Division, received a 2003 Book of braries Association on June 6 during the association’s Life Certificate of Appreciation from the Black Ar- 2004 annual conference in Nashville, Tennessee. chives, History, and Research Foundation of South Susan M. Tarr, executive director of the Federal Library Florida Inc. in recognition of her contributions to the and Information Center Committee, was the 2003–2004 heritage of South Florida. winner of the FAFLRT Achievement Award from the Michael Neubert, digital project coordinator, was included Federal and Armed Forces Libraries Roundtable, a unit by Library Journal in its annual list of “Movers and Shakers.” of the American Library Association. The award was presented in June. On June 25, 2004, Juan Manuel Perez received the Cross of Isabel la Católica from the Spanish government. On June 27, Barbara Tillett, chief of the Cataloging Pol- icy and Support O≈ce, received the 2004 Margaret Regina Reynolds, head of the National Serials Data Pro- Mann Citation for outstanding professional achievement gram in the Serial Record Division, won the Marcia Tut- in cataloging or classification. The Mann Citation is the tle International Grant, which was presented by the American Library Association’s highest honor in the field North American Serials Interest Group. of cataloging.

appendix g. selected acquisitions

Gifts of the Madison Council Forty-ﬁve additional titles in the project to reconstruct Bible. Old Testament. Hebrew and Spanish. Biblia en dos Thomas Je∑erson’s personal library.They were acquired Colunas—Hebrayco y Español. 1762. through the generosity of Gerald and Gene Jones. Breve noticia de Nuestra Señora de los Angeles ...by Pablo Other Acquisitions Antonio Peñuelas (Mexico, 1781). This book was pur- The 1516 Carta Marina map by Martin Waldseemüller chased for the Library by a Madison Council member. and three rare globe gores by Johan Schoner—part of the Retrospective Iraqi publications previously unavailable Jay I. Kislak Collection. In all, the Jay I. Kislak Founda- because of sanctions in place for twelve years. tion gave the Library several thousand rare books, manuscripts, documents, maps, and masterworks of pre- A letter written by George Gershwin. Columbian culture and colonial art from North and South America. The works span three millennia of Na- A powder horn from the era of the American Revolution. tive American and European cultures, and they empha- Publications issued by Artists’ Press, Johannesburg, for size the early contact period from 1500 in the Caribbean Kuru Art Project in Gantsi, Botswana. basin through the 1820s in Florida and the southern part

190 of the United States. The foundation also presented an Significant additions to the papers of Senator Daniel endowment to support research in those areas. Patrick Moynihan throughout 2004. His deposit collection, maintained by the Library since 1977,was converted The Alan Lomax Collection. Acquired as a result of a to gift status by his widow, Elizabeth Moynihan. cooperative agreement between the Library’s American Folklife Center and the Association for Cultural Eq- Nitrate film acquisitions housed in the Motion Picture uity and through the generosity of an anonymous donor, Conservation Center in Dayton, Ohio, including these: the collection constitutes the unparalleled ethnographic For the Soul of Rafael (1920), When Dawn Came (1920), documentation collected by the legendary folklorist over H. Grindell-Matthews’ Death Ray (ca. 1925), Comrades sixty years, including more than 5,000 hours of sound (1913), Veiled Aristocrats (1932), The Black Hand (1917), recordings; 400,000 feet of motion picture film; 2,450 Bread Cast upon the Waters (1912), and The Struggle (1931). videotapes; 2,000 scholarly books and journals; hundreds Collections relating to David Diamond, Oscar Ham- of photographic prints and negatives; and more than 120 merstein, Jonathan Larson, Alex North, and Tony Wal- linear feet of manuscript material, such as correspon- ton for the Music Division. dence, field notes, research files, program scripts, indexes, and book and article manuscripts.This enormous collec- By Library purchase, Boethius, De Musica; edited by tion documents music, dance, narrative, games, and other Glarean (Basel, 1546). forms of traditional expression from throughout the The papers of conductor and composer Isaac Stern from United States and from many other countries. the Stern Estate.This acquisition by the Music Division A three-dimensional model of the northern metropoli- culminated a ten-year e∑ort to bring Stern’s papers to tan area of Los Angeles, prepared by the Jet Propulsion the Library. Laboratory and the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- Donated by Pulitzer Prize–winning editorial cartoonist ministration, as well as the Alexander Papamarkou col- Ann Telnaes, eighty-three original drawings. lection of maps of the Middle East, for the Geography Donated by syndicated humor cartoonist Alison Bechdel, and Map Division. twenty original drawings for ten comic strip episodes. Two rare children’s books: ABCs of Great Negroes by Donated by Will Eisner, original, full-page drawings. Charles C. Dawson (Chicago: Dawson Publishers, 1933), and The Alphabet annotated for Youth and Adults . . . (Lon- Donated by Newsweek photojournalist Bernard Gotfry, don: Ackermann & Co., 1853), for the Children’s Litera- 12,000 black-and-white and color images. ture Center. Donated by the Detroit Publishing Company, 506 Additions to the papers of Herbert Block (political car- photochroms (color lithographs made from photo- toonist). Fulfilling the obligations under the Instrument graphs) published 1898–1905. of Gift signed last year, the Herb Block Foundation trans- Donated by David L. Parker, ninety-nine black-and- ferred 175,000 items of the cartoonist’s manuscript (non- white photographs (1998–2001). graphic) collection of correspondence, notes, drafts of writings, photographs, and other papers to the Library. Giraldi’s De annis et mensibus (1541); De vita et rebus gestis Martini Lutheri, et aliorum Pseudoapostolorum haereseos Papers of Leon H. Sullivan (civil rights leader, entrepre- (1581); Memoire Instructif sur la Maniere de rassembler, de pre- neur, minister); Maxine Singer (Carnegie Institution parer, de conserver, et d’envoyer les diverses Curiosités d’Histoire president, biochemist); John H. Gibbons (scientist, en- naturelle (1758); eighteen-volume set of Griselini’s land- vironmentalist, assistant to the president for science and mark of the Italian Enlightenment, Dizionario delle Arti e technology); Alvin Poussaint (psychiatrist, educator, au- de’Mestieri (1768–1778); and 1815 American printing of thor); and correspondence of Mercedes Eichholtz with the Hebrew Bible. her late husband, Justice William O. Douglas. Fulton’s Report on the Proposed Canal between the Rivers Finalization of an Instrument of Gift for Judge Robert Heyl and Helford (1796), acquired as part of Lady Sains- Bork’s personal papers, which were deposited with the bury of Turville’s gift for the purchase of significant Manuscript Division five years previously. books in the history of science.

appendix g. selected acquisitions 191 Significant rare issues of newspapers: Middlesex Gazette Chinese Core Newspapers for the current year.More (Middletown, Connecticut); South Carolina and Ameri- than 5,000 Chinese academic journals and more than can General Gazette (Charleston, South Carolina) issues 300 Chinese newspapers are included in these two series. from 1777 and 1781 reporting on the Revolutionary War; Online database subscriptions: American Periodical Se- Bowen’s Virginia Centinel and Gazette; Or, the Winchester ries, New England Ancestors, eHRAF,Eighteenth Cen- Repository (Winchester, Virginia), August 17, 1795; The tury Collections Online; and microfiche—Educational Liberator (Boston, Massachusetts), September 26, 1862. Resources Information Center: ERIC Educational Early issues of the comic Spider-Man. Documents. Donated by Dr. Melvyn Goldstein, the Tibetan Oral Purchased by the Hispanic Division, the manuscript History Archive—a digital archive of more than 1,000 Carta confirmatoria de hildaguía (Mexico, 1600). hours of interviews with government o≈cials in Tibet Purchased by the Hispanic Division for custody in the and in exile, as well as monks, nuns, laypeople, and no- Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Fernando mads, covering the past 50 years. Velázquez Minaya, Esfera, forma del mundo: con una breve Donated by Thomas Rimer and Laurence Mus Rimer, descripción del mapa (Madrid: Por la viuda de Luis San- books from the library of Paul Mus—fifty-six manu- chez, 1628). scripts, 532 printed books, 148 serial volumes, nineteen The 400-volume Spengler collection of newspaper clip- photographs of French Indochina, five maps, and a large pings from the World War I period from newspapers album of postcards of colonial India. worldwide. Donated by Gene Smith, retired overseas field o≈ce di- Donated by the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights rector, the first issue (1,001 volumes) of Research Library of and AARP,the Voices of Civil Rights project in electronic Scanned Tibetan Literature: Approximately 12,000 Volumes of format, a collection of firsthand personal accounts of par- Tibetan Texts. ticipants in the civil rights movement, including still and Two series of the online CNKI (China National Knowl- moving images,Web pages, audio recordings, documents, edge Infrastructure): Chinese Academic Journals and oral histories, manuscripts, and research notes.

appendix h. exhibitions

The Thirty-Second Annual Library of Congress Employee Art wide array of materials, including documents, letters, Exhibit (December 5,2003–March 1,2004).This exhibition photographs, prints, maps, audiovisual materials, and featured paintings in oil, acrylic, and watercolors; needle- three-dimensional artifacts covering Churchill’s life and work; photography; and a variety of other original works achievements from his birth on November 30, 1874, to submitted by current and retired Library sta∑ members. his death on January 24, 1965. The exhibition emphasized the pivotal role that Churchill played in shaping Churchill and the Great Republic (February 5, 2004–July 10, events during the World War II era. Audiovisual sta- 2004).The Library’s major exhibition about the life and tions, one at the beginning and the other at the end of career of Sir Winston Churchill emphasized his life- the exhibition, documented the e∑ect that Churchill’s long connection to the United States. In collaboration words and thoughts have had on politicians, world lead- with the Churchill Archives Centre (University of Cam- ers, entertainers, and others. This exhibition and its bridge, United Kingdom), the exhibition included a programming were made possible by the generous sup-

192 port of John W.Kluge and the Annenberg Foundation. Judaica from the collections of the Library of Congress. The accompanying publication and symposia were It was augmented by a selection of important loans made possible by and produced in association with the from cooperating cultural institutions. In telling the Churchill Centre, Washington, D.C. story of diverse groups of Jewish immigrants who found safe haven in the United States and made it their home, “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. Board at Fifty (May 13, the exhibition examined the intertwined themes—and 2004–November 13, 2004).The Library marked the fifti- sometimes conflicting aims—of accommodation, asser- eth anniversary of the Supreme Court decision ending tion, adaptation, and acculturation that have character- school segregation with this exhibition featuring items ized the American Jewish experience from its begin- from the Library’s extensive holdings on the subject, in- nings in 1654 to the present day.This exhibition was one cluding documents, photographs, and manuscripts from of the commemorative activities associated with the the records of the National Association for the Ad- congressionally recognized Commission for Commem- vancement of Colored People. The exhibition examined orating 350 Years of American Jewish History. The ex- precedent-setting court cases that laid the groundwork hibition and related programs were made possible by a for the historic Brown v. Board decision, explored the generous grant from Bernard and Audre Rapoport, Supreme Court argument and the public’s response to it, through the Abby and Emily Rapoport Trust Fund in and closed with an overview of this profound decision’s the Library of Congress. aftermath.Also featured in the exhibition were personal papers of Supreme Court Justices Earl Warren, Felix Continuing Exhibitions Frankfurter, and Harold H. Burton. Films, maps, and po- American Treasures of the Library of Congress began its sev- litical cartoons from various Library collections captured enth year as one of the Library’s ongoing rotating exhi- the important moments of this historic event and high- bitions. By the close of fiscal 2004, more than 1,500 lighted the media coverage of the struggle for desegrega- items had been shown in the gallery since the exhibition tion. This exhibition and its programming were made opened in May 1997.The exhibition continued to attract possible by the generous support of AARP; Anthony both new and repeat visitors from around the globe. A and Beatrice Welters; and AmeriChoice, a UnitedHealth significant addition to American Treasures in fiscal 2004 Group Company. was the display of the striking life-size facsimile of the Humor’s Edge: Cartoons by Ann Telnaes ( June 3, 2004– 1507 Martin Waldseemüller map. An enlarged display, September 4, 2004).Approximately sixty original draw- featuring contextual materials from the Age of Explo- ings were featured in this exhibition of the works of Ann ration, will accompany the premiere display of the orig- Telnaes, the second woman to win the Pulitzer Prize in inal map in fiscal 2005. The following changes were editorial cartooning and one of the few women in the made in fiscal 2004: field. A resident of Washington’s Capitol Hill, Telnaes ¶ Change no. 20 (September 26, 2003–April 24, 2004). made gifts of drawings to the Library’s Prints and Pho- This special display,titled The Dream of Flight, was the Li- tographs Division.The exhibition drew from those gifts brary’s centennial commemoration of the first sustained, and included selections from Telnaes’s recent and early powered, and controlled flight, made by Wilbur and political cartoons, her Pulitzer Prize–winning work, and Orville Wright on December 17, 1903, in a heavier-than- her drawings for the popular comic strip Six Chix, which air flying machine. The display included more than she produces with five other women.The exhibition was eighty items tracing one of humanity’s oldest and most accompanied by a full-color, illustrated brochure and an persistent aspirations—that of human flight. illustrated book of the artist’s work. The exhibition was made possible by funds provided by the Caroline and Er- ¶ Change nos. 21 and 22 (September 2003–June 2004) win Swann Memorial Fund for Caricature and Cartoon. opened with an array of books from Je∑erson’s personal library; a map and images from the California gold rush; From Haven to Home: 350 Years of Jewish Life in America a selection of nineteenth-century daguerreotypes docu- (September 9, 2004–December 30, 2004). This mile- menting famous and anonymous sitters of the day; a 1913 stone in American Jewish history was marked by an ex- panoramic photograph of the Washington Senators, the hibition featuring more than 200 treasures of American city’s major league team that moved to Minnesota in

appendix h. exhibitions 193 1971; and the Cold War–era cartoons of Edmund Valt- Book and Special Collections Divisions, plus objects bor- man.The items were included among more than 300 ar- rowed from the Bob Hope Archives located in Los An- tifacts from the various divisions of the Library of Con- geles. During the past year, 110 objects were rotated in the gress and were displayed in these two rotations. exhibition. Some of the items featured were a rare ledger from a vaudeville theater, Hope’s correspondence with ¶ Change no. 23 ( June 2004–December 2004) featured presidents, items relating to his contributions to USO a major display titled From the Home Front to the Front (United Service Organizations) shows including fan mail Lines, original materials and oral histories drawn from from soldiers, and more. In addition, the gallery pre- the Veterans History Project collections at the Library sented a special tribute to Bob Hope to commemorate of Congress. Emphasizing the period from World his death in fiscal 2003 and to thank him for his major World I to the Persian Gulf War, the display included contributions to the field of entertainment. correspondence, photographs, diaries, bound volumes, The Gerry Mulligan Collection, which opened in April and albums, as well as maps, flags, and military papers 1999, is an ongoing rotating exhibition located in the documenting the experience of veterans and their fam- Performing Arts Reading Room Foyer of the James ilies.This exhibition was made possible by the generous Madison Building. The exhibition features jazz musi- support of the U.S. Congress, AARP (Founding Cor- cian Gerry Mulligan (1927–1996), a well-known saxo- porate Sponsor), and the Disabled American Veterans phonist, jazz innovator, composer, and arranger whose Charitable Service Trust. Also included in this rota- collection was donated to the Library by his wife. The tion were the following: central focus of the exhibition is Mulligan’s gold-plated • Items about the “Left-Handed Penmanship Contest,”in baritone saxophone. A recent addition to the exhibition which soldiers who had lost the use of their right arm is a clarinet once owned by Mulligan. Also on exhibit during the Civil War competed for cash prizes by sub- are photographs of Mulligan taken throughout the mitting accounts of their war experiences written with artist’s five-decade career, musical scores, and other their left hand items of interest from the Library’s Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division and its • An exhibition case devoted to the Civil War work of Music Division. Clara Barton and her e∑orts to identify and bury the Here to Stay: The Legacy of George and Ira Gershwin, dead of Andersonville Prison which opened in 1998 in the Library’s Gershwin Room • Items on the Bonus Army’s march on Washington, in of the Je∑erson Building, celebrates the legacy of the il- which veterans marched on Washington demanding the lustrious musical team by drawing on the Library’s large bonuses promised for their service in World War I Gershwin collections. The gallery includes items that reflect the lives and work of the Gershwins and the tra- • Dime novels about wartime ditions of American music, especially musical theater • Three drawings by Paul Stevenson Olds, who was history.A platform in the center of the room evokes the asked to create site-specific renderings of Maya Lin’s con- working studios of the two brothers and includes cept for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial George’s piano and desk, Ira’s desk, and other historic memorabilia, such as Ira’s pen, George’s metronome, The Bob Hope and American Variety exhibition (which the congressional medals awarded to the pair, and self- opened in May 2000) is a rotating exhibition in the Bob portraits by each of the Gershwins. Letters, musical Hope Gallery of American Entertainment, which sur- scores, lyric sheets, and other items are rotated on a reg- veys the evolution of twentieth-century forms of enter- ular basis. In September 2003, twenty-three exhibition tainment in America—the musical stage, vaudeville, ra- items were changed for conservation reasons and re- dio, motion pictures, and television—with a specific mained on display this fiscal year. New items of special focus on the American variety tradition. The gallery in- interest included materials that the Library recently ac- cludes items from the Library’s Bob Hope collection, as quired, including a chewing gum wrapper autographed well as objects from the rich and varied collections of the by George Gershwin and a rare informal snapshot Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound; taken in London that shows George playing the piano Manuscript; Music; Prints and Photographs; and Rare while wearing a bathrobe.

194 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Displays and Rainier Tower from April 22 through September 7, Seventeen displays were mounted during the year: 2004. It was sponsored by Unico Properties Inc., as part of the celebrations of the fiftieth anniversary of Unico’s ¶ Russian Book Festival (October 19–November 12, 2003) founding by Roger Stevens (1910–1998). Roger L. Stevens ¶ Romanian (October 28, 2003) Presents traced Stevens’s career through the great number of stage productions that he presented or fostered indi- ¶ Madison Council (November 11, 2003) rectly,for example, through the National Endowment for ¶ Senator Ted Stevens’s Dinner (November 17, 2003) the Arts.The exhibition featured reproductions of items ¶ Zora Neale Hurston ( January 26–January 29, 2004) from the Roger L. Stevens Collection in the Library’s Music Division and the Kennedy Center, as well as from ¶ Churchill exhibition and President George W.Bush’s the Unico archives and other Seattle locations, and from visit (February 3, 2004) the restoration of the 5th Avenue Theatre. The exhibi- ¶ AARP (February 25, 2004) tion was accompanied by an illustrated brochure and a catalog with essays on Stevens’s career. ¶ Chekhov (March 15, 2004) Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of ¶ National Endowment for the Arts (March 22, 2004) America began a nationwide tour in fiscal 2004.The exhi- ¶ Alan Lomax preview (March 24, 2004) bition presents a century of exploration, beginning in the mid-eighteenth century and ending in the mid-nineteenth ¶ Alan Lomax (March 25, 2004) century. The exhibition draws on the Library’s rich col- ¶ Horatio Alger (April 4, 2004) lections of exploration material that feature the trek of the ¶ Dolly Parton preview (April 13, 2004) Corps of Discovery as a culmination in the quest to connect North America from east to west by means of a wa- ¶ Dolly Parton (April 14–15, 2004) terway passage. The exhibition’s epilogue focuses on the ¶ Madison Council (April 14–15, 2004) transcontinental railroad, which replaced the search for a direct water route with a “river of steel.” After its presen- ¶ Daniel J. Boorstin memorial (April 27, 2004) tation at the Library,the exhibition traveled to the Joslyn ¶ Hispanic Heritage Month (September 30, 2004) Art Museum, opening in Omaha, Nebraska, on July 10 and closing October 3. During the display period, Joslyn Traveling Exhibitions reported 76,593 visitors. The exhibition will continue its A facsimile version of the Roger L. Stevens Presents exhi- tour in fiscal 2005 to the North Dakota Museum of Art bition, which was displayed at the Library of Congress in in Grand Forks and to the Museum of History and In- 2002, was presented in Seattle at the 5th Avenue Theatre dustry in Seattle, Washington.

appendix h. exhibitions 195 appendix i. online collections, exhibitions, and cooperative digital projects

As of September 30, 2004

Online Historical Collections ¶ Humor’s Edge: Cartoons by Ann Telnaes “A Civil War Soldier in the Wild Cat Regiment: The Pa- ¶ Reflections: Russian Photographs, 1992–2002 pers of Tilton C. Reynolds” documents the Civil War experience of Captain Tilton C. Reynolds, a member of the ¶ “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. Board at Fifty 105th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, also known Cooperative National Digital as the Wild Cat Regiment. The correspondence, photo- Information Infrastructure and graphs, and other materials from the Tilton C. Reynolds Preservation Program Projects Papers span the years of the Civil War (1861–1865).Tran- scriptions of forty-six of the most significant letters are On September 30, 2004, the Library announced awards also available. totaling more than $13.9 million to eight institutions and their partners to identify,collect, and preserve historically “The Spalding Base Ball Guides” provides a selection of important digital materials within a nationwide digital Spalding’s O≈cial Base Ball Guide and the O≈cial Indoor preservation infrastructure.The awards from the Library Base Ball Guide. The collection reproduces thirty-five of will be matched dollar for dollar by the winning institu- the guides, which were published by the Spalding Ath- tions in the form of shared costs to execute the coopera- letic Company in the late nineteenth and early twentieth tive preservation program. The three-year preservation centuries. Spalding’s O≈cial Base Ball Guide was perhaps projects that will receive Library funding are as follows: the premier baseball publication of its day. It featured editorials from baseball writers on the state of the game, Lead Institution. California Digital Library at the Univer- statistics, photographs, and analyses of the previous sea- sity of California son for all the major league teams and for many of the Partners. New York University (NYU) and The Libraries so-called minor leagues across the nation. and the Texas Center for Digital Knowledge, University of North Texas “The Zora Neale Hurston Plays at the Library of Con- Collaborators. San Diego Supercomputer Center, Stan- gress” presents a selection of ten plays written by Hurston ford University Computer Science Department, and Sun (1891–1960), author, anthropologist, and folklorist. De- Microsystems Inc. posited in the U.S. Copyright O≈ce between 1925 and Subject. This award is for a project to develop Web archiv- 1944, most of the plays remained unpublished and un- ing tools that will be used by libraries to capture, curate, produced until they were rediscovered in the Copyright and preserve collections of Web-based government and Deposit Drama Collection in 1997.The plays reflect Hur- political information.This literature is a critical element of ston’s life experience, travels, and research, especially her our nation’s heritage and is increasingly found exclusively study of folklore in the African American South. online, putting it at greater risk of being lost. The collec- Online Library Exhibitions tions will focus on local political activities and movements, such as the California gubernatorial recall election of 2003. ¶ Churchill and the Great Republic Lead Institution. University of California–Santa Barbara ¶ The Dream of Flight Partner: Stanford University Subject. These institutions will lead the formation of a Na- ¶ From Haven to Home: 350 Years of Jewish Life in America tional Geospatial Federated Digital Repository to design ¶ From the Home Front and the Front Lines an infrastructure and to collect materials across the spec-

196 trum of geographic formats.The born-digital materials to Lead Institution. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign be collected and preserved will range from LANDSAT Library, Graduate School of Library and Information imagery to other cartographic content from university, Science, and National Center for Supercomputing Ap- corporate, and government resources, as well as from Web plications sites. The repository will preserve content vital for the Partners. OCLC (Online Computer Library Center); study of environmental policy, census construction and Tufts University Perseus Project; Michigan State Uni- analysis, history, science, urban and population studies, versity Library; and an alliance of state library agencies and other fields requiring U.S. geospatial information. from Arizona, Connecticut, Illinois, North Carolina, and Wisconsin Lead Institution. Educational Broadcasting Corporation Subject. This project will develop criteria for determining (EBC) (Thirteen/WNET New York) which digital materials to capture and preserve, because Partners. WGBH Educational Foundation, Boston, Mass.; not all digital material can or should be preserved.The ma- Public Broadcasting Service (PBS),Alexandria,Va.;and terials will include sound and video recordings, historical NYU aerial photography, Web-based government publications Subject. Partners in this project will collaborate to establish from the partner states, and primary and secondary his- the first procedures, structures, and national standards torical materials made available by the Perseus Project. necessary to preserve public television programs produced in digital formats. EBC and WGBH are the two largest Lead Institution. Robert H. Smith School of Business, producers of public television content in the United States. University of Maryland Through PBS, their productions are made available to au- Partners. Center for History and New Media, George Ma- diences from coast to coast. Together, the three entities son University; Gallivan, Gallivan and O’Melia llc;Sny- produce and distribute the majority of public television in der, Miller, Orton Lawyers llp;and the Internet Archive the United States. NYU is home to one of America’s most Subject. This project will preserve at-risk digital mate- distinguished research libraries and has become a major rials from American business culture during the early player in the field of digital preservation of moving images. years of the commercialization of the Internet—the The four partners will focus on influential series such as birth of the dot-com era, specifically 1994–2001.The ma- Nature, American Masters, NOVA,and Frontline, which are terials—collected through Web portals at http://www increasingly being produced only in digital formats, in- .businessplanarchive.org and http://www.dotcomarchive cluding HDTV, the new high-definition standard. The .org and through direct contact with former partici- project will also examine issues associated with the preser- pants in the dot-com era—will be of incalculable his- vation of important corollary content, such as Web sites torical value to Americans eager to make sense of this that accompany broadcasts. remarkable period of venture creation. Lead Institution. Emory University Lead Institution. Inter-University Consortium for Politi- Partners. University of Louisville Libraries; Virginia Poly- cal and Social Research, University of Michigan technic Institute and State University Libraries; Florida Partners. Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, Uni- State University;Auburn University Libraries; and Library versity of Connecticut; Howard W. Odum Institute for and Information Center, Georgia Institute of Technology Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina– Subject. This project will develop a MetaArchive of South- Chapel Hill; Henry A. Murray Research Center, Rad- ern Cultural Heritage (http://www.metaarchive.org) by cli∑e Institute of Harvard; Electronic and Special Media creating a distributed digital preservation network for Records Service Division, National Archives and Records critical and at-risk content relative to Southern culture Administration; and Harvard–MIT Data Center and history.The partners will select and preserve institu- Subject. The institutions will create a partnership to iden- tional digital archives, as well as ephemeral works such as tify,acquire, and preserve data used in the study of social online exhibitions and cultural history Web site displays. sciences to ensure that future generations of Americans This body of digital content includes a wide variety of sub- have access to this vital digital material that will allow jects complementary to Library of Congress’s collections them to understand their nation, its social organization, such as the Civil War, civil rights movement, slave narra- and its policies and politics. Examples of data that will be tives, Southern music, handicrafts, and church history. preserved are opinion polls, voting records, large-scale

appendix i. online collections 197 surveys on family growth and income, and focused stud- Subject. The project will collect and preserve digital ies on e∑ects of events such as factory closings or the geospatial data resources, including digitized maps, from need to care for aging parents. Together, the partners state and local government agencies in North Carolina. will build a shared catalog, adopt a common standard for Geospatial data are created by a wide range of state and describing survey data, and develop strategies for ensur- local agencies for use in applications such as hazard ing that the data remain available for analysis. analysis, health planning, homeland security,political re- districting, tax assessment, transportation planning, and Lead Institution. North Carolina State University Libraries utilities management. Although this project will focus Partner: North Carolina Center for Geographic Infor- solely on North Carolina, it is expected to serve as a mation and Analysis demonstration project for other states.

appendix j. publications

Published by the Library of Congress Gawalt. Published in association with Black Dog & Lev- Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress for the Fiscal Year enthal, 2004. Ending September 30, 2003. Compiled by Audrey Fischer, From Haven to Home: 350 Years of Jewish Life in America. O≈ce of the Librarian, 2004. Edited by Michael W.Grunberger. Published in associ- Cooperative Publishing Projects ation with George Braziller Inc., 2004. Funny, It Doesn’t Sound Jewish: How Yiddish Songs and Syn- American Folktales: From the Collections of the Library of Con- agogue Melodies Inﬂuenced Tin Pan Alley, Broadway, and Hol- gress. Edited by Carl Lindahl. Published in association lywood. By Jack Gottlieb. Published in association with with M.E.Sharp,2004. SUNY Press, 2004. Bound for Glory: America in Color, 1939–1943. Introduction Humor’s Edge: Cartoons by Ann Telnaes.Ann Telnaes inter- by Paul Hendrickson. Published in association with viewed by Harry L. Katz. Introduction by Ben Sargent. Harry N. Abrams, 2004. Published in association with Pomegranate Communi- Canals. By Robert J. Kapsch. Norton/Library of Con- cations, 2004. gress Visual Sourcebooks in Architecture, Design, and Old Glory: Unfurling History. By Karal Ann Marling. Pub- Engineering. Published in association with W.W. Nor- lished in association with Bunker Hill Publishing, 2004. ton and Company, 2004. Other Products Churchill and the Great Republic. Essays by Martin Gilbert, Allen Packwood, and Daun Van Ee. Published in associ- The following sixteen calendars feature Library of Con- ation with Giles Ltd., 2004. gress collections: Americana (wall); Bon Appetit! (wall); Bon Voyage (wall); The Civil War (wall and desk); Edward S. Eyes of the Nation: A Visual History of the United States (pa- Curtis: Portraits of Native Americans (wall); Exxtreme Women perback re-release). By Vincent Virga and curators of (wall); Fairies (wall and engagement); Illuminations: Arthur the Library of Congress, with historical commentary by Syzk’s Haggadah (wall) with Pomegranate Communica- Alan Brinkley.Published in association with Bunker Hill tions, 2004; Italia (wall), with Cavallini and Company, Publishing, 2004. 2004; The Movies: Vintage Movie Posters (wall); Paris (wall); First Daughters: Letters between U.S. Presidents and Their Shakespeare’s Insults (desk); Shakespeare’s Realm (wall); and Daughters. Edited by Gerard W. Gawalt and Ann G. Women Who Dare (desk).

198 appendix k. staff changes

Appointments Julia Hu∑ was appointed acting chief operating o≈cer of Terry Bickham was appointed director of Operations the Copyright O≈ce on May 30. Management and Training in the O≈ce of the Librarian Angela Kinney was appointed chief of the Social Sci- on August 22. ences Cataloging Division on May 30. Carolyn Brown was appointed director for Collections Diane Kresh was appointed director of the Veterans His- and Services on July 2. tory Project in May. Carroll V. Clark was appointed Systems Engineering Everette Larson was appointed head of the Hispanic Group leader in Information Technology Services on Reading Room on March 7. September 5. Nancy Lev-Alexander was appointed section head for Je∑rey Cole was appointed acting Reengineering Pro- preventive conservation on August 8. gram manager in the Copyright O≈ce on September 5. Mary Levering was appointed director of Integrated Mary Jane Deeb was appointed head, Near East Sec- Support Services on September 15. tion, African and Middle Eastern Division, on July 25. Judith Mansﬁeld was appointed assistant director for Mark Dimunation was appointed assistant director for bibliographic access on July 2. She also continued as chief Special Collections on July 2. He also continued as chief of the Arts and Sciences Cataloging Division. of the Rare Book and Special Collections Division. Dennis McGovern was appointed chief of the Decimal Mark DiNapoli was appointed assistant chief of the Classiﬁcation Division on May 16. Copyright Licensing Division on June 13. Kathryn Mendenhall was appointed chief of the Cata- Hirad Dinavari was appointed reference librarian for the loging Distribution Service on January 11. Iranian world, e∑ective November 17. Michael Moodie was appointed deputy director of the Robert Dizard was appointed deputy associate librarian National Library Service for the Blind and Physically for Library Services on May 24. Handicapped in January. Elmer Eusman was appointed assistant to the director of Jean Moss was appointed digital projects coordinator in preservation on April 4. the National Library Services for the Blind and Physi- cally Handicapped on July 25. Allene F.Hayes was appointed digital projects coordinator, Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access Directorate, Debra Murphy was appointed diversity coordinator for on February 22. the Veterans History Project during the year. Steven Herman was appointed assistant director for col- Henry Rossman was appointed director for Technology lections management on July 2. He also continued as Policy in Library Services on July 2. chief of the Collections Access, Loan, and Management Tanya Sandros was appointed associate general counsel Division. in the Copyright O≈ce on August 22. Georgia Higley was appointed head of the Newspaper Donna Scheeder was appointed director, Law Library Section on November 30. Services, in the Law Library on April 4.

199 Ruth Scovill was appointed director of the newly estab- Retirements lished National Audio-Visual Conservation Center Tran- Maryle Ashley,leader of Systems Development Group 2 sition Program O≈ce in March. in Information Technology Services, retired on July 2. Larry Sta∑ord was appointed director of special pro- Rosemarie Clemandot, chief of collection services in the grams in the O≈ce of the Librarian on September 6. Law Library, retired on August 8. Charles Stanhope was appointed director of the Devel- Nancy Davenport, director for acquisitions, retired from opment O≈ce in November. the Library on July 2 to become president of the Coun- Mark Strattner was appointed acting chief of the Col- cil on Library and Information Resources. lections Services Division in the Law Library on July 11. Tao-Tai Hsia, chief of the Eastern Law Division for the Sara Striner was appointed head of the Government Law Library, retired on January 2. Publications and Periodicals Section, Serial and Gov- Kim Moden, special events o≈cer, retired on September 3. ernment Publications Division, on November 30. Margaret Whitlock, chief of collection services for the Carolyn Sturtevant was appointed BIBCO coordinator law, retired on April 2. for the Program for Cooperative Cataloging on Sep- tember 26. Deaths Dianne van der Reyden was appointed acting director for Yoko Akiba, a reference librarian in the Japanese Section, preservation on July 2. Asian Division, died on February 10. James Vassar was appointed acting assistant chief of the Florene Dusty,a senior cataloger in the Arts and Sciences Copyright O≈ce Examining Division on September 5. Cataloging Division, died on October 28. Cynthia Johanson, assistant chief of the Regional and Beacher Wiggins was appointed director for acquisitions Cooperative Cataloging Division, died January 14. and bibliographic access on July 2. Before that appointment, he had served as acting deputy associate librarian Basil Malish, an acquisitions specialist in the Anglo/ for Library Services. American Acquisitions Division, died January 14. Resignations Carl Peterson, a preservation microﬁlm processor in the Preservation Reformatting Division, died on February 9. Ellen McCulloch Lovell, director of the Veterans History Project, resigned from the Library in February to be- Charles Sens, a specialist in the Music Division, died on come president of Marlboro College in Vermont. August 23. Mark Roosa, director of preservation, resigned on July 7 Gerald Wager, head of the Rare Book Reading Room, to become dean of libraries at Pepperdine University. died on February 5.

200 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 appendix l. statistical tables

Table 1. Library of Congress Appropriations Available for Obligation—Fiscal 2004a

Salaries and Expenses $368,708,707 Congressional Research Service 91,184,817 Copyright O≈ce 48,005,089 Books for the Blind and Physically Handicapped 51,400,935 Total $559,299,548 a. The Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 2004 (PL 108–83),signed by the president on September 30,2003,provided a ﬁscal 2004 appropriation for the Library of $562,619,000. The Fiscal 2004 Consolidated Appropriations Bill (PL 108–199), signed by the president on January 24,2004,called for a 0.59 percent rescission of federal agency budgets,which resulted in a ﬁscal 2004 appropriation for the Library of $559,299,548, including authority to spend $36,298,567 in receipts.

Table 2. Library of Congress Appropriations Available for Obligation—Fiscal 2005b

Salaries and Expenses $381,593,632 Congressional Research Service 96,117,856 Copyright O≈ce 53,182,112 Books for the Blind and Physically Handicapped 53,976,704 Total $584,870,304 b. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2005 (PL 108–447),signed by the president on December 8,2004,provided a ﬁscal 2005 appropriation for the Library of $589,587,000. This public law also called for a 0.8 percent rescission of federal agency budgets, which resulted in an appropriation of $584,870,304, including authority to spend $39,508,384 in receipts.

201 Table 3. Comparison of Appropriations, Sta∑, and Workload Statistics for 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005

FY 2000 FY 2001

Library Appropriations—Actual $427,457,610 $550,347,401 Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Positions (appropriations) 3,919 3,891 Size of Library Collections 120,976,339 124,247,602

Workload Statistics

Unprocessed Library Arrearages 19,215,629 21,142,980 CRS—Requests and Services Provided to Congress 584,384 711,612 Loans of Collections to Congress 29,276 25,713 Copyright Claims Registered 515,612 601,659 Copyright Inquiries 385,513 339,658

Services to the Blind and Physically Handicapped (BPH)—Readership 759,000 742,000 BPH—Books and Magazines (total circulated) 22,825,000 23,100,000 BPH—New Braille and Audio Books and Magazines Titlesa 2,729 2,638 Print Materials Cataloged 224,544 273,534 National Coordinated Cataloging Operation—LC Contribution 80,066 90,542

National Coordinated Cataloging Operation—Outside Contribution 128,160 143,031 Exhibits, Displays, and Publications (funded by appropriations) 32 35 Regular Tours 59,536 105,988 Reference Service 912,120 828,533 Main Reading Room and Five Other Reading Rooms (hours per week) 65 65

Items Circulated 1,694,582 1,580,162 Preservation Treatment—Original Formatb 263,817 326,623 Mainframe Computer Transactionsc 85,217,677 63,913,258 Integrated Library System Input/Update Transactions 59,319,648 65,663,286 Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC) Records 29,633,607 31,103,700 Internet Transactions (i.e., LOCIS, Marvel, World Wide Web, and THOMAS public transactions) 931,256,160 1,283,747,169 a. Includes regularly produced books,audio books converted from analog to digital,audio books produced from digital to digital,and duplication of Braille transcription masters from outside sources. This work began in FY 2004. b. The mass deacidiﬁcation of paper sheets is a new process that was begun in FY 2003. In FY 2004, 1,200,000 sheets were treated. The treatment and rehousing of an additional 750,000 paper-based items resulted from multiyear initiatives for preventive preservation and for the preparation of items in advance of their relocation to o∑-site storage facilities. c. The Library is phasing out its mainframe applications and changing over to a server-based environment. FY 2005 Change Percentage FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 Budget 2000–2005 Change

$525,837,000 $539,496,502 $559,299,548 $584,871,000 + $157,413,390 + 36.8 3,947 4,020 4,056 4,291 + 372 + 9.5 126,060,980 127,720,880 130,198,428 132,000,000 + 11,023,661 + 9.1

20,095,008 20,422,598 19,313,015 19,300,000 + 84,371 + 0.4 811,467 875,197 899,284 941,200 + 356,816 + 61.1 25,099 29,454 29,067 30,000 + 724 + 2.5 521,041 534,122 661,469 560,000 + 44,388 + 8.6 358,604 371,446 381,845 390,000 + 4,487 + 1.7

695,907 766,137 766,137 766,100 + 7,100 + 1.0 23,464,309 23,780,639 23,780,639 23,780,600 + 955,600 + 4.2 2,663 2,764 5,486 5,500 + 2,771 +101.5 310,235 269,568 294,510 295,000 + 70,456 + 31.4 88,475 93,584 101,081 105,000 + 24,934 + 31.1

162,363 176,487 156,098 157,000 + 28,840 + 22.5 37 23 23 27  5  15.6 112,423 111,755 109,252 110,000 + 50,464 + 84.8 775,115 715,479 682,264 685,000  227,120  24.9 65 65 65 65 0 0.0

1,362,724 1,375,807 1,389,161 1,400,000  294,582  17.4 666,422 1,591,735 2,648,334 2,000,000 + 1,736,183 +658.1 109,008,458 111,175,428 103,463,022 66,300,000  18,917,677  22.2 91,834,274 96,495,434 98,312,132 108,143,300 + 48,823,652 + 82.3 31,638,841 33,758,594 35,360,828 38,897,000 + 9,263,393 + 31.3

2,039,268,542 2,620,884,359 3,360,481,609 3,696,535,000 +2,765,278,840 +296.9

appendix l. statistical tables 203 Table 4. Financial Statistics: Summary Statement The following statistics present a condensed version of ing the fiscal year (presented on the Condensed State- the Library of Congress Financial Statements for fiscal ments of Budgetary Resources) relate to the net costs of year 2004 and fiscal year 2003. Included are the five prin- operations of the Library (presented on the Condensed cipal financial statements: the Condensed Balance Sheets, Statements of Net Costs). For the ninth consecutive year, the Condensed Statements of Net Costs, the Condensed independent auditors have issued an unqualified “clean” Statements of Changes in Net Position, the Condensed opinion on the Library’s Financial Statements. Statements of Budgetary Resources, and the Condensed Statements of Financing.The Condensed Balance Sheets Statement of the Inspector General provide users with information about the Library’s assets, The independent accounting firm of Kearney & Com- liabilities, and net position. The Library’s assets as of pany,retained by the O≈ce of the Inspector General, au- September 30, 2004, and September 30, 2003, totaled dited the Library of Congress’s financial statements for $1,387.1 million and $1,308.8 million, respectively. The fiscal year 2004. The firm’s audit included reviews of the Condensed Statements of Net Costs provide informa- financial statements, internal control over financial re- tion about the net costs for the Library’s six programs. porting, and compliance with laws and regulations. The Those figures include allocated management support firm issued a separate report addressing Library man- costs. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2004, and agement’s assertion about the e∑ectiveness of internal September 30, 2003, the net cost of the Library’s six pro- control over the safeguarding of collection assets. grams was $607.2 million and $579.8 million, respectively. For the ninth consecutive year, independent auditors The Condensed Statements of Changes in Net Position have issued an unqualified, or “clean,” opinion. An un- provide information about the Library’s financing qualified opinion indicates that the Library’s financial sources plus components of the changes in net position. statements, including the accompanying notes, present The Library’s financing sources totaled $618.1 million fairly,in all material respects, the financial position of the and $607.8 million for the fiscal years ended September Library of Congress in conformance with U.S. generally 30, 2004, and September 30, 2003, respectively.The Con- accepted accounting principles. The auditors reported densed Statements of Budgetary Resources provide in- no material weaknesses in internal control over financial formation about how budgetary resources were made reporting. The auditors did report, however, two infor- available, as well as their status at the end of the fiscal mation technology–related deficiencies that could ad- year. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2004, and versely a∑ect the Library’s ability to meet its financial September 30, 2003, the Library’s budgetary resources management objectives, an instance of noncompliance were $1,877.4 million and $1,700.8 million, respectively. with the Congressional Accountability Act concerning The Condensed Statements of Financing are presented to specific safety standards, and limitations in internal con- explain how budgetary resources that were obligated dur- trol over collection assets.

204 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 The Library of Congress Condensed Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2004, and September 30, 2003 (Dollars in Thousands)

2004 2003

Assets Intragovernmental Assets $1,266,149 $1,194,857 Investments 68,814 61,298 Pledges Receivable—Donations 6,948 10,192 Property and Equipment 36,118 32,388 Other Assets 9,080 10,028 Total Assets $1,387,109 $1,308,763

Liabilities Intragovernmental Liabilities $00,32,792 $00,34,766 Accounts Payable and Accrued Funded Payroll, Beneﬁts 35,851 38,636 Custodial Liability 855,700 793,546 Deposit Account Liability 6,093 5,333 Accrued Unfunded Liabilities 29,919 30,864 Other Liabilities 5,425 2,972 Total Liabilities $0,965,780 $0,906,117

Net Position Unexpended Appropriations $0,259,574 $0,251,784 Cumulative Results of Operations 161,755 150,862 Total Net Position 421,329 402,646 Total Liabilities and Net Position $1,387,109 $1,308,763

appendix l. statistical tables 205 The Library of Congress Condensed Statements of Net Costs for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2004, and the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2003 (Dollars in Thousands)

2004 2003

Net Costs by Program Area National Library $369,410 $353,084 Law Library 19,780 18,188 Copyright O≈ce 32,186 32,141 Congressional Research Service 119,249 113,579 National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped 50,802 50,788 Revolving and Reimbursable Funds 15,773 12,012 Net Costs of Operations $607,200 $579,792

206 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 The Library of Congress Condensed Statements of Changes in Net Position for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2004, and the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2003 (Dollars in Thousands)

2004 2003

Cumulative Results Unexpended Cumulative Results Unexpended of Operations Appropriations of Operations Appropriations

Net Position, Beginning $150,862 $251,784 $162,809 $230,690 Change in Accounting Principle (39,910) Budgetary Financing Sources Appropriations 525,856 506,119 Other adjustments (Recession, Canceled Auth., etc.) (6,781) (6,765) Appropriations Used 511,285 (511,285) 478,260 (478,260) Donations—Cash or Securities 8,400 14,967 Other 2,995 2,437 Other Financing Sources Donations—Property and Services 19,257 38,667 Imputed Financing from Costs Absorbed by Others 69,500 62,764 Other 6,656 10,660 Total Financing Sources 618,093 7,790 607,755 21,094 Net Cost of Operations (607,200) (579,792) Net Position, Ending $161,755 $259,574 $150,862 $251,784

appendix l. statistical tables 207 The Library of Congress Condensed Statements of Budgetary Resources for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2004, and the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2003 (Dollars in Thousands)

2004 2003

Budgetary Resources Budget Authority $0,761,768 $0,733,734 Unobligated Balances—Beginning of Period 977,504 853,476 Spending Authority from O∑setting Collections 119,201 112,785 Other 18,908 762 Total Budgetary Resources $1,877,381 $1,700,757

Status of Budgetary Resources Obligations Incurred $,,,848,071 $,,,723,253 Unobligated Balance 1,029,310 977,504 Total Status of Budgetary Resources $1,877,381 $1,700,757

Relationship of Obligations to Outlays Obligated Balance, Net—Beginning of Period $0,191,677 $0,149,653 Obligated Balance, Net—End of Period 208,253 191,677 Outlays Disbursements 810,130 672,508 Collections (123,312) (111,824) Total Outlays $0,686,818 $0,560,684

208 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 The Library of Congress Condensed Statements of Financing for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2004, and the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2003 (Dollars in Thousands)

2004 2003

Resources Used to Finance Activities Obligations Incurred $848,071 $723,253 Spending Authority from O∑setting Collections and Recoveries (144,679) (120,544) Donations of Property and Services 19,257 38,667 Imputed Financing 69,500 62,764 Other Resources 3,721 4,421 Total Resources Used to Finance Activities 795,870 708,561

Resources Used to Finance Items Not Part of the Net Cost of Operations Change in Budgetary Resources Obligated for Goods, Services, and Beneﬁts Ordered but Not Yet Provided (19,670) (34,867) Resources That Finance the Acquisition of Assets (13,576) (24,248) Resources That Fund Expenses Recognized in a Prior Period (1,001) 0 Other Resources or Adjustments to Net Obligations That Do Not A∑ect Net Cost of Operations (156,957) (70,099) Total Resources Used to Finance Items Not Part of the Net Cost of Operations 604,666 579,347

Components of the Net Costs of Operations That Will Not Require or Generate Resources in the Current Period Increase in Annual Leave Liability and Actuarial Liabilities 0 2,535 Depreciation and Amortization 9,550 8,478 Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities (7,206) (10,659) Other Costs 190 91 Total Components of Net Costs of Operations That Will Not Require or Generate Resources in the Current Period 2,534 445 Net Cost of Operations $607,200 $579,792

appendix l. statistical tables 209 Table 5. Additions to the Collections—Items

Print Collections Added Withdrawn Total

Classiﬁed Collections Class A (General Works) 4,155 1 440,736 Class B–BJ (Philosophy) 6,341 0 343,499 Class BL–BX (Religion) 18,734 0 752,740 Class C (History,Auxiliary Sciences) 4,014 0 274,310 Class D (History, except American) 30,410 1 1,366,744 Class E (American History) 4,600 0 290,914 Class F (American History) 7,814 0 475,008 Class G (Geography,Anthropology) 12,450 421 475,894 Class H (Social Sciences) 49,382 1 3,000,450 Class J (Political Science) 10,338 0 840,113 Class K and LAW (Law) 57,064 3,216 2,465,007 Class L (Education) 6,732 0 542,158 Class M (Music) 11,906 0 683,329 Class N (Fine Arts) 12,620 0 558,242 Class P (Language and Literature) 57,604 0 2,663,433 Class Q (Science) 22,665 0 1,233,022 Class R (Medicine) 12,147 0 529,772 Class S (Agriculture) 5,007 0 447,028 Class T (Technology) 22,127 0 1,379,251 Class U (Military Science) 2,821 0 216,170 Class V (Naval Science) 1,055 0 109,883 Class Z (Bibliography) 5,697 0 641,995 Total Classiﬁed Collections 365,683 3,640 19,729,698 continued on next page

210 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 continued from previous page

Print Collections Added Withdrawn Total

Other Print Materials or Products Books in Large Type 0 0 8,684 Books in Raised Characters 1,265 0 79,678 Incunabula 1 0 5,707 Minimal-Level Cataloging (monographs and serials) 25,837 0 723,055 Newspapers (bound) 0 0 30,874 Pamphlets 579 0 272,061 Technical Reports 7,735 4,429 1,457,039 Other 65,739 17,337 7,244,118 Total Other Print Materials 101,156 21,766 9,821,216 Total Print Collections 466,839 25,406 29,550,914

Other Collections Added Withdrawn Total

Audio Materials 79,753 20,100 2,710,882 Talking Books 1,976 0 66,301 Manuscripts 1,445,805 0 58,479,431 Maps 38,481 24,053 4,807,827 Microforms 320,471 6,164 14,047,798 Music 85,867 3,360 5,190,359 Visual Material Moving Images 32,990 0 957,794 Photographs (negatives, prints, and slides) 64,521 0 12,388,513 Posters 1,196 0 89,241 Prints and Drawings 6,739 0 529,442 Other (broadsides, photocopies, nonpictorial material, etc.) 58 0 1,263,243 Machine-Readable Material 12,290 355 116,683 Total Other Collections 2,090,147 54,032 100,647,514 Total (items) 2,556,986 79,438 130,198,428

appendix l. statistical tables 211 Table 6. Additions to the Collections—Titles

Classiﬁed Collections Added Withdrawn Totala

Class A (General Works) 1,153 1 91,431 Class B–BJ (Philosophy) 5,097 0 207,946 Class BL–BX (Religion) 15,143 0 568,955 Class C (History,Auxiliary Sciences) 2,831 0 133,186 Class D (History, except American) 25,605 1 966,305 Class E (American History) 5,065 0 141,915 Class F (American History) 5,071 0 262,238 Class G (Geography,Anthropology) 15,012 0 541,784 Class H (Social Sciences) 37,990 1 1,520,422 Class J (Political Science) 7,753 0 295,666 Class K and LAW (Law) 19,621 0 712,097 Class L (Education) 4,627 0 264,062 Class M (Music) 7,576 0 458,412 Class N (Fine Arts) 11,461 0 401,654 Class P (Language and Literature) 56,870 0 2,248,464 Class Q (Science) 14,169 0 659,862 Class R (Medicine) 9,336 0 303,302 Class S (Agriculture) 4,016 0 212,054 Class T (Technology) 13,457 0 697,357 Class U (Military Science) 2,192 0 84,862 Class V (Naval Science) 672 0 38,636 Class Z (Bibliography) 2,790 0 234,093 Total 267,507 3 11,044,703

a. Totals reﬂect an automated count of titles in the Integrated Library System of the Library of Congress.

212 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Table 7. Unprocessed Arrearage

Percentage Total Items in Arrearage FY 2003 FY 2004 Change Change

Print Materials Books 216,479 234,915 + 18,436 + 8.5 Microforms 2,430 2,593 + 163 + 6.7 Serials (pieces) 57,779 40,648  17,131 29.6 Total 276,688 278,156 + 1,468 + 0.5

Special Materials Machine-Readable 559 442  117 20.9 Manuscripts 11,504,993 11,631,041 + 126,048 + 1.1 Maps 34,947 54,542 + 19,595 +56.1 Moving Images 230,326 240,578 + 10,252 + 4.5 Music 3,309,872 3,189,304  120,568  3.6 Pictorial Materials 4,123,980 3,028,775 1,095,205 26.6 Rare Books 93,555 87,637  5,918  6.3 Sound Recordings 847,678 802,540  45,138  5.3 Total 20,145,910 19,034,859 1,111,051  5.5

Grand Total 20,422,598 19,313,015 1,109,583  5.4

appendix l. statistical tables 213 Table 8. Cataloging Workload

FY 2003 FY 2004

New Titles Fully Cataloged 192,247 190,431 Cooperative New Titles Fully Cataloged 90,295 88,274 Titles Recataloged or Updated 153,647 148,897 Cooperative Titles Recataloged or Updated 7,043 4,824 Minimal-Level Cataloging Titles 60,762 43,146 Copy Cataloging 39,015 46,488 Collection-Level Cataloging 4,268 4,393 Name and Series Authorities Established 96,293 103,531 Cooperative Name and Series Authorities Established 176,487 156,098 Name and Series Authorities Updated 68,448 72,667 Cooperative Name and Series Authorities Updated 51,083 41,019 Subject Headings Established 7,606 6,547 Cooperative Subject Headings Established 3,509 2,558 Subject Headings Updated 14,426 6,313 Cooperative Subject Headings Updated 420 586 Class Numbers Established 1,403 1,595 Cooperative Class Numbers Established 1,763 1,715 Class Numbers Updated 166 277 Cooperative Class Numbers Updated 2 9 Titles Classified with Decimal Classification 96,906 107,911 Items Received for Processing in Bibliographic Access Divisions 364,886 360,184 Items Completely Processed in Bibliographic Access Divisions 374,079 378,381 Archival Records Created for National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections 4,108 4,283 Cataloging in Publication Titles Verified 60,284 57,595 Items Processed on Inventory-Level Records 42,465 24,392

214 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Table 9. MARC Records in the Library of Congress Database

Net Increase Total

JACKPHY ( Japanese, Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Persian, Hebrew,Yiddish) 27,070 518,332 Booksa 217,862 10,652,942 Electronic Resourcesb 3,223 22,181 Manuscripts 838 12,466 Maps 6,989 277,331 Music 38,129 467,083 Serials 15,771 1,144,771 Visual Materials 17,638 347,607 Name Authorities 278,688 6,012,207 Subject Authorities 5,339 284,584 Holdings 623,817 14,222,445 Total 1,235,364 33,961,949 a. Includes full-level and minimal-level records. b. Includes electronic resources in all monographic formats.

appendix l. statistical tables 215 Table 10. Preservation Treatment Statisticsa

Treatment Volumes Treated 3,186 Unbound Paper-Based Items Treated 80,373 Photographs Treated 1,497 Commercial Library Binding (volumes) 212,445 Mass Deacidiﬁcation (volumes) 299,064 Mass Deacidiﬁcation (sheets) 1,219,500

Housing/Rehousing Protective Boxes Constructed, for Paper-Based Materials 8,772 Paper-Based Items Rehoused 788,835 Photographs Rehoused 20,721 Discs, Film (reels), Magnetic Tape (reels/cassettes) Cleaned/Packaged 13,941

Copying/Reformatting Preservation Photocopying (volumes) 116 (33,873 pages) Paper-Based Materials Converted to Microﬁlm (pages) 4,038,946 (2,316,219 exposures) Paper-Based Materials Converted to Digital Format (works) 216 (36,390 pages) Audio Materials Converted to Digital Format (ﬁles)b 5,638 Video Materials Converted to Magnetic Tape (items) 66 Motion Picture Films Converted (reels) 2,206 (1,481,258 feet)

General Preservation of the Collections Items Surveyed, Paper-Based 3,853,002 Items Surveyed, Photographs 250,417 Pieces Labeled 665,745

a. The substantial increases in statistics for the treatment,rehousing,and surveying of paper-based items are due to multiyear initiatives for preventive preservation and for the preparation of items in advance of their relocation to o∑-site storage facilities. b. Previously audio materials were converted to magnetic tape.

216 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Table 11. Number of Copyright Registrations by Subject Matter, Fiscal 2004

Category of Material Published Unpublished Total

Nondramatic Literary Works Monographs and Computer-Related Works 158,134 69,352 227,486 Serials Serials (nongroup) 54,375 — 54,375 Group Daily Newspapers 3,287 — 3,287 Group Serials 10,616 — 10,616 Total Literary Works 226,412 69,352 295,764 Works of the Performing Arts, Including Musical Works, Dramatic Works, Choreography and Pantomimes, and Motion Pictures and Filmstrips 59,037 111,475 170,512 Works of the Visual Arts, Including Two-Dimensional Works of Fine and Graphic Art, Sculptural Works, Technical Drawings and Models, Photographs, Cartographic Works, Commercial Prints and Labels, and Works of Applied Arts 63,223 44,552 107,775 Sound Recordings 21,735 46,274 68,009 Total Basic Registrations 370,407 271,653 642,060 Renewals 18,980 Mask Work Registrations 377 Vessel Hull Design Registrations 52 Grand Total All Registrations 661,469 Documents Recorded 14,979

appendix l. statistical tables 217 Table 12. Copyright Business Summary: Fee Receipts and Interest Recorded, Fiscal 2004

Fees Receipts Recordeda

Copyright Registration $18,295,704 Mask Works Registration 26,775 Vessel Hull Design Registration 9,395 Renewal Registration $01,030,632 Subtotal $19,362,506 Recordation of Documents $01,728,380 Certiﬁcations 226,273 Searches 136,575 Expedited Services 1,875,989 Other Services 312,915 Subtotal $04,280,132 Total $23,642,638 Interest Earned on Deposit Accounts $00,038,732 Fee Receipts and Interest Applied to the Appropriationb $23,777,760

a. “Receipts Recorded” are fee receipts entered into the Copyright O≈ce’s in-process system. b.“Fee Receipts and Interest Applied to the Appropriation” are fee receipts and deposit account interest that were cleared for deposit into the Copyright’s O≈ce’s appropriation account.

218 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Table 13. Services to Individuals Who Are Blind and Physically Handicapped

Items Circulateda Number of Readers

Regional and Subregional Libraries Recorded Discs 35,708 12,660 Recorded Cassettes 23,052,958 419,107 Braille (including Web-Braille) 744,764 23,655

NLS Service to Overseas Patrons Recorded Discs 5 N/A Recorded Cassettes 24,063 300 Braille (including Web-Braille) 1,009 57

NLS Service to Music Patrons Recorded Discs 2 N/A Recorded Cassettes 53,776 7,443 Braille (including Web-Braille) 6,385 1,060 Large Print 2,011 507

Interlibrary Loan—Multistate Centers Recorded Discs 1,032 N/A Recorded Cassettes 123,243 N/A Braille (including Web-Braille) 6,152 N/A a. Items circulated include containers,volumes,and magazines. Recorded discs are being phased out. NLS = National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. N/A = not applicable.

appendix l. statistical tables 219 Table 14. Reader Servicesa

Circulation Direct Reference Service of Items for Use Within the Web-Based/ Library In Person Correspondence Telephone E-Mail Total

African and Middle Eastern Division 5,418 9,257 3,404 5,263 8,922 26,846 American Folklife Center 1,705 3,821 323 3,301 2,403 9,848 Asian Division 5,887 6,239 487 2,056 1,878 10,660 Children’s Literature Center — 112 133 1,411 1,723 3,379 Collections Access, Loan, and Management Division 478,685 96 — 29,912 83,894 113,902 European Division 33,612 8,619 204 3,447 2,437 14,707 Geography and Map Division 142,147 15,905 601 3,646 1,430 21,582 Hispanic Division 12,740 13,634 559 5,213 3,701 23,107 Humanities and Social Sciences Division 47,988 56,504 1,123 5,707 8,673 72,007 Law Libraryb 101,821 64,486 10,890 12,072 2,760 90,208 Manuscript Division 58,668 44,261 543 6,592 4,646 56,042 Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division 25,369 2,819 248 7,730 5,509 16,306 Music Division 106,985 6,821 376 3,991 2,730 13,918 National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicappedc — 374 6,228 5,828 3,199 15,629 Prints and Photographs Division 111,824 21,825 548 5,588 4,116 32,077 Rare Book and Special Collections Division 19,362 2,586 392 3,767 2,012 8,757 Science, Technology, and Business Division 503 48,376 16,391 6,308 11,348 82,423 Serial and Government Publications Division 127,902 64,544 34 3,868 2,420 70,866 Totals 1,280,616 370,279 42,484 115,700 153,801 682,264 a. Not included here are statistics for the Congressional Research Service,which completed 899,284 responses to requests andvice ser transactions for members and committees of Congress in ﬁscal 2004; for the Copyright O≈ce,which answered 381,845 inquiries; and for the Preservation Directorate,which responded to 1,015 information requests. b. Not included here are 1,947 research reports that the Law Library prepared for Congress and other government agencies. c. See table 13 for additional NLS statistics.

220 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Table 15. Cataloging Distribution Service: Financial Statistics, Fiscal 2004

Source of Income

General $3,729,432 U.S. Government Libraries 103,163 Foreign Libraries 908,953 Total Gross Sales $4,741,548

Analysis of Total Income

Alert Services $0,033,088 Cataloger’s Desktop on the Web 239,316 Classification Web 935,840 CD-ROM Octavoa 0 Cataloger’s Desktop Teaching Copy 3,500 Cataloger’s Desktop 605,839 Classification Plusa 0 Class Plus and Desktopa 0 MARC Files and MARC Publications 1,488,841 Microfiche Catalogsa NUC Books 0 NUC Audiovisual Materials 0 NUC Cartographic Materials 0 Name Authorities 0 Subject Headings 0 Music 0 Miscellaneous Publicationsb 17,343 Technical Publications 1,417,781 Total Gross Sales $4,741,548 Adjustments (349,382) Total Net Sales $4,392,166 Transfers Fees Transferred to Appropriation $4,411,142 Fees Transferred to Miscellaneous Receipts 0 Total Fees Transferred $4,411,142 a. Discontinued products. b. Includes income formerly reported as Book Catalogs. Table 16. Human Resources (as of September 30, 2004)

Library Employees by Service Unit

O≈ce of the Librarian 113 (includes O≈ce of the Librarian and Deputy Librarian; Communications; Congressional Relations; Development; General Counsel; Inspector General; Planning, Management, and Evaluation; Training and Development; Workforce Diversity) Human Resources Services 49 Integrated Support Services 136 O≈ce of the Chief Financial O≈cer 53 O≈ce of Security and Emergency Preparedness 145 Total for the O≈ce of the Librarian 496

Congressional Research Service 699

Law Library 81

Library Services O≈ce of the Associate Librarian 17 Operations 74 Acquisitions and Support Services 278 Area Studies Collections 107 Cataloging 526 National Services 107 National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped 99 Preservation 118 Public Service Collections 746 Total for Library Services 2,072

O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives 56 Information Technology Services 209 Total for the O≈ce of Strategic Initiatives 265

Total Permanent Library Employees 4,120a continued on next page a. Does not include temporary employees or those in indeﬁnite or not-to exceed positions. Includes employees funded by appropriated and nonappropriated sources. The Library’s attrition rate for permanent employees was 6 percent in ﬁscal 2004. continued from previous page

Demographics

Average Years of Library of Congress Service 17 Average Years of Federal Service 18 Average Age 48 Males 1,849 Females 2,271 American Indian 19 Asian 248 Black 1,598 Hispanic 93 White 2,162 Total Permanent Library Employees 4,120

appendix l. statistical tables 223 index

Page numbers in italics denote an A≈rmative Action Intern American Association illustration or photograph. Page Program, 124 of Law Libraries, 36 numbers xii and xiii denote a presence A≈rmative Action Tuition American Bar Association, 36 on the organization chart. Support Program, 124 Standing Committee on the Law African American History Month, Library of Congress, 178 AACR2. See Anglo-American 119, 126, 163 American Battle Monuments Cataloguing Rules African and Middle Eastern Commission, 84 AARP,84, 103, 107 Division, xiii, 57–58 American Cities and Landscapes: ABCs of Great Negroes, acquisitions, 61, 62 Carol M. Highsmith 4, 69–70, 191 binding training, 89 Collection Web site, 154 Abrams, Harry N., 82 National Library of Iraq American civil liberties, 37 Academia Sinica, 59, 116 reconstruction, 58 American Colony Photo Depart- Access Programs O≈ce, 124–25 relocation of collection, 63 ment in Jerusalem, 68 Accounting Operations O≈ce, service statistics, 57 American Folklife Center, xii, 136–37 African/Asian Acquisitions xiii, 41–44 acquisitions, 3–4, 167, 169 and Overseas Operations acquisitions, 44 Acquisitions and Bibliographic Division, xiii Board of Trustees, 178 Access Directorate, 50 bibliographic and inventory Homegrown Concert series, funding, 52 control of serials, 56 42–43, 164, 165, 166 Librarian’s testimony before Chinese database series, 50 Save Our Sounds project, 43 Congress, 169–70, 175 exchanges with Iran, 55 Telling America’s Stories, 73 list of selected gifts and Agriculture Department, 143 Veterans History Project and, 83 acquisitions, 190–92 Ahmed, Moudud, 37 See also Alan Lomax Collection statistical tables, 210–12 Akiba, Yoko, death, 200 American Folktales: From the See also speciﬁc directorates, Alan Lomax Collection, 3, 43, 111, Collections of the Library divisions, and o≈ces 112, 116, 119, 169, 191 of Congress, 198 Acquisitions and Bibliographic Albin, Michael, 40 American Memory Web site, viii, 2, Access Directorate, Albro, Sylvia, fellowship recipient, 3, 61, 152–53, 156, 167, 169 xiii, 41, 45–56 189 Newspaper Pictorials: World War I acquisitions, 50 Alert Service, 49 Rotogravures, 69 Acquisitions Fiscal O≈ce, xiii aliens, legislative assistance Read More About It! program, Ad Council, 114 involving public beneﬁts 64, 73 Administrative Services O≈ce, for, 10 redesign, 153 xiii, 41 The Alphabet Annotated for Youth American National Standards Adventure of the American Mind and Adults,4,70,191 Institute, 94 program, 121, 155 Alternate Computer Facility, American Political Prints Web site, advisory bodies, 176–83 156–57, 172 154 A≈rmative Action and Special Alterra Globe Initiatives, 73 American Revolution powder Programs O≈ce, 123–26 Altschuler, Ruth, xv horn, acquisition, 109, 190

224 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 American Society of Human Appropriations Committees, Association for Diplomatic Studies Genetics, 42 members, xiv–xv and Training, Frontline American Society of International Architect of the Capitol Diplomacy collection, 70 Law,36 budget, 104 AT&T,102,103,107 American Television and Radio Librarian’s testimony before The Atlantic World: America and Archives Act, 117 Congress, 171, 173–74 the Netherlands, 1609 to American Treasures of the Library Safety Services partnering the Present Web site, 40, 59 of Congress (exhibition), with, 148 audio equipment, 78–79, 171 76, 78, 84, 193–94 Ariel software and transmissions, audio recordings and collections. Americans with Disabilities Act, 62 See MBRS Division; sound 148 Arizona Heritage Project, 42 recordings; specific types, America’s Library Web site, Armenia Selected Sources, 58 e.g., radio broadcasts, etc. viii, 3, 113–14, 152, 154, 156 Army Human Resources audits Ancient Manuscripts from the Desert Command, Distinguished computer security, 172 Libraries of Timbuktu Service Cross Awards financial, 4, 122, 137, 204–9 (exhibition), 58 Report, 60 performance audits by O≈ce Andrews, Julie, 4, 100, 102 arrearage of the Inspector General, Anglo-American Acquisitions Collections Services 121–22 Division, xiii Directorate, 57 Purchase Card Program, 121 National Library of Iraq Isaac Berlin Collection, 68 authoring and distribution systems, reconstruction, viii, 1, 40, 58 statistical table, 213 CRS, 14, 15 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, See also specific directorates Automation Planning and Liaison 47, 54 and divisions O≈ce, xiii, 41, 90–92 Annual Program Performance Artists’ Press, Johannesburg, awards, contract. See specific contract Plan, 134 Kuru Art Project award recipients, initiatives, Annual Report of the Librarian acquisition, 61, 190 and programs of Congress for the Fiscal Year Arts and Sciences Cataloging awards and prizes Ending September 30, 2003, Division, xiii Américas Awards for Children’s 113, 198 Ashley, Maryle, retirement, and Young Adult Literature, anthrax attacks on Capitol Hill, 200 166 2, 17–18 Asia, declassified Southeast digital preservation. See NDIIPP appropriations Asia POW/MIA FLICC Awards Working Group Congressional Cartography documents, 60 selections, 74 Program, 65 Asian Division, xiii GLIN model station awards, 34 Congressional Relations O≈ce, acquisitions, 61 Kluge Prize, viii, 1, 109, 110, 116, 104–5 binding training, 89 119, 162 Federal Research Division Chinese database series, 50 list of honors and awards activities involving, 59 Chinese section anniversary/ recipients, 189–90 fiscal 2000–2005, 202–3 symposium, 1, 58, 59, 120, 161 Living Legend Award, 109, 156, fiscal 2004, 201 inventory, 64 161, 162 fiscal 2005, 201 reorganization, 59 O≈ce of Workforce Diversity GENPAC, 52 Asian Pacific American Heritage awards, 124 Legislative Branch Appro- Month, 120, 126, 164 Virtual Reference Desk priations Act of 2004, Associate Librarian for Library Director’s Award, 189 134, 135 Services, O≈ce of, See also specific award recipients Librarian’s testimony before xiii, 41 and honorees by name Congress, 104, 167–76 Association for Cultural Equity, Ayatollah Mar’ashi Najafi NDIIPP funding, 152 43, 191 Library, 55

index 225 Backstage Library Works Inc., 55 HalfPrice Books award recipient, Bound for Glory: America in Color, Balance, Frank, Rep. (D-N.C.), 107 102 1939–1943 banking, legislative assistance letter from, vii–ix cooperative publishing project, involving, 13 Living Legend Award 198 bankruptcies, O≈ce of the presentation by, 109 exhibition, 68, 82 General Counsel activities National Book Festival, 100, 102 Bradlee, Benjamin C., 119 regarding, 115 “Program Announcements Braille materials, 78–80, 168, 169 Barat Educational Foundation, 155 to Support Building Brazil, Hispanic Division Barnes & Noble, 103 a Network of Partners” collections, 60 Baseline Inventory Program, ﬁnal selections, 152 Breve noticia de Nuestra Señora de los xiii, 57, 62, 63, 64, 93 testimony before Congress, Angeles, acquisition, 62, 190 Baum, Frank, 64 104, 167–76 British Library, 96 Bechdel, Alison, comic strip travel to Iran, 54–55 Brown, Carolyn, appointment, 199 episodes, 70, 191 Binding and Collections Care Brubeck, Dave, Living Legend Bell, Alexander Graham, papers, Division, xiii, 41, 86, 89 Award recipient, 156, 161 66, 153 Bingaman, Je∑, Sen. (D-N.M.), Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 66, 164 Bennett, Robert F.,Sen. (R-Utah), 73 budget and spending. xiv bioterrorism, legislative assistance See appropriations Bernal, Mary Louise, award involving, 10 Budget O≈ce, xii, 135–36 recipient, 189 Blackmun, Harry A., Hon., papers, Budget Working Group, 136 BIBCO (bibliographic record 1, 111–12, 116, 156, 163 Building the Library’s Future: unit), monographs, 47 blind and physically handicapped A Guide to Workforce and Bible, acquisitions, persons. See disabilities, Succession Planning, 143 61, 70, 109, 190, 191 individuals with buildings and grounds Bibliographic Access Blind and Physically Handicapped Facility Services activities, arrearage,45,52 program. See National 144, 148 divisions, xiii, 45–46 Library Service for the Blind Librarian’s testimony before strategic plan, 52 and Physically Handicapped Congress, 173–74 Bibliographic Access Management Block, Herbert (Herblock) Safety Services activities, 148–49 Team, Dewey component Herblock collection exhibition, See also Architect of the Capitol; addition to PCC, 55 76 storage facilities bibliographic and inventory control papers, 3, 51, 70, 191 Bullﬁnch Publishers, 82 of serials, 56 Bob Hope and American Variety Bunker Hill Publishing, 82 Bibliographic Enrichment (exhibition), 76, 194 Burton Foundation for Legal Advisory Team, 46, 51 Boethius, De Musica, 70, 191 Achievement, 36, 165 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Bonneville Broadcasting v. Peters, Bush, George W., 78, 100, 104, 112, 40, 59, 109 23–24 119, 163 Bickham, Terry, xi book events, in date order, 161–66 Bush, Laura, 4, 73, 99, 100, 100, 101, appointment, 199 Boorstin, Daniel J., 72 110, 119 Billington, James H., Librarian death, 163 Business Enterprises, xiii, 41, 71–72 of Congress, ix, xi, xv, 73, 77, public memorial service, Summer College intern hosted 83, 100, 104, 120 72, 99, 120, 164 by, 72 Forbes Medal for Noteworthy border and transportation security, Contributions to the Field 8–9 Caldwell, Larry, 104 of Preservation recipient, Bork, Robert, Hon., papers, calendars 189 51, 116, 191 list of, 198 Great Libraries of the World “born-digital” materials, This Day in History, 59 trip, 109 vii, 2, 151, 152 Campbell, Laura E., xi, 153

226 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Canadian Counterpoint: Illustrations by Cataloging Distribution Service, China Anita Kunz (exhibition), 76 xiii, 49–50 Chinese Section anniversary Canals (cooperative publishing Business Enterprises merchan- celebration/symposium, project), 82, 198 dising pilot and, 72 1, 58, 59, 120, 161 Capitol Visitor Center, financial statistics, 221 copyright educational 76,104,143,145 Cataloging in Publication Division, symposium, 25 Caplan, Lincoln, 35 xiii, 46–47 database series, 50 Cardoso, President and Mrs. Cataloging Policy and Support “Democracy in China” Fernando Henrique, O≈ce, xiii, 47–48, 49, 53, 55 symposium, 164 event honoring, 81, 162, 185 ccmMercury software, 137, 147–48 “The Ideological Context Career Expo for Persons CD-ROM media research projects, of U.S.–China Relations” with Disabilities, 125 87, 88, 89 lecture, 165 Caro, Robert, 4, 102–3 CENDI, Persistent Identifiers legislative assistance involving, 13 Carroll, Lewis, scrapbook, Task Force white paper, 93 Naxi Manuscript Collection, 64, 69, 153 Center for Architecture, Design, 58, 153 Carta confirmatoria de hildaguía, and Engineering, 76 O≈ce of Scholarly Programs acquisition, 62, 192 Center for Geographic Infor- fellowship studies, 81 Carta Marina,3,70,190 mation,members,182 panel discussion on Low Bow Carter,Stephen,100 Center for Research Libraries, 69 Group’s productions on cartoons and comics, 70, 71 Center for the Book, China, 162 Alison Bechdel, 70, 191 xiii, 41, 64, 71, 72–73 Chirita, Dan Adrian, 33 comic book collection A Century of Lawmaking Churchill and the Great Republic preservation, 69 for a New Nation, 32 cooperative publishing project, Herblock, 3, 51, 70, 76, 191 Chao, Elaine, 1 198 Humor’s Edge: Cartoons Cheney, Lynn, 107 exhibition and symposium, by Ann Telnaes, 51, 82, 165, Chevy Chase Bank, 103 40, 66, 78, 112, 119, 163, 165, 191, 193, 198 Chief Financial O≈cer, 192–93 “Oh, No, It’s Monday and I’ve O≈ce of the, xii, 134 citizenship and naturalization, Run Out of Ideas: A Car- Accounting Operations O≈ce, legislative assistance toonist’s Crisis” lecture, 163 136–37 involving, 10 Spider-Man acquisition, 71, 192 Budget O≈ce, 135–36 civil liberties and civil rights, Swann Gallery for Caricature Disbursing O≈ce, 137 terrorism and, 9 and Cartoon, 76 Financial Reports O≈ce, 137 Civil Rights movement Casey, Judith R., 73 Financial Systems O≈ce, 137–38 Children of Struggle dramatization, Cataloger’s Desktop, 49 ITS e∑orts for, 158 165 cataloging O≈ce of the General Counsel “Eyewitness to History: cooperative cataloging work with, 114 Journalism and the Civil programs, 47 Strategic Planning O≈ce, Rights Movement” panel cooperative cataloging training 134–35 discussion, 165 courses, 49 Chief Operating O≈cers, xi My Soul Looks Back in Wonder: external sources for, 55 children’s literature Voices of the Civil Rights statistical table of cataloging acquisitions, 4, 69–70 Experience, 164 workload, 214 annual Américas Awards for Voices of Civil Rights project, See also Acquisitions and Children’s and Young Adult 51, 116, 192 Bibliographic Access Literature, 166 “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. Directorate; Bibliographic juvenile literature cataloging, 55 Board at Fifty (exhibition), Access; specific divisions, Children’s Literature Center, 1, 40, 66, 76, 78, 107, 112, 119, o≈ces, services, and programs xiii, 57, 64–65, 69–70, 191 164, 193

index 227 “A Civil War Soldier in the Wild Collections Access, Loan, Congressional Budget O≈ce, 7–8 Cat Regiment: The Papers and Management Division, Congressional Cartography of Tilton C. Reynolds” 57, 62–63 Program, 65 (online historical collection), Digital Reference Team, Congressional Medal of Honor 66, 196 57, 62, 64, 73 Award ceremonies, 156 Clancy, Tom,100 Photoduplication Service, Congressional Relations O≈ce, Clark, Carroll V., appointment, 57, 62, 64 xii, 103–7 199 Collins, Billy, 114 Congressional Research Service Classiﬁcation Web, 49 Colvocoresses, Alden P.,51 (CRS), vii, xii, 7–15, 31, 52 Cleland, Max (former U.S. Coming Home, 84, 189 legislative assistance provided by, senator), 84 communications 7–13 Clemandot, Rosemarie, retirement, CRS initiatives, 15 Librarian’s testimony before 200 disasters and terrorists events, 9 Congress, 170, 175 Clinton, Hillary Rodham, Sen. LC Events online alert system, management initiatives, 13–15 (D-N.Y.), 83 143 9/11 Commission Report, 2, 9, 13 Clyburn, James E., Rep. (D-S.C.), See also Information Technology sta≈ng, 167 xv, 107 Services technology initiatives, 15 Coach Inc. v. Peters, 23 Communications, O≈ce of, Conroy,Pat,101 Coca-Cola Company, 103 xii, 109–14 CONSER (Cooperative Online Cochran, Thad, Sen. (R-Miss.), computer hardware Serials), 45 xiv mainframe migration plans, Conservation Division, Cohen, William, 36, 37 158–59 xiii, 41, 86, 89 Cole, Je∑rey, appointment, 199 upgrades, 91, 157–58 Consolidated Appropriations Act Cole, John, 73 computer security. See information of 2005, 105 (footnote) collection management systems security and Consolidated Financial Librarian’s testimony before reliability Statements, 4, 122, 137, 204 Congress, 169–70 Computers for Learning program, Contracts and Grants See also Collections and Services 143–44, 146 Management, O≈ce of, Directorate concerts xii, 114–15, 120–21 collections Brubeck, Dave, 156, 161 Cooperative Acquisitions additions to collections statistical in date order, 161–66 Program, 4 table, 210–12 Homegrown Concert series, cooperative publishing projects, donations for, 107 42–43, 164, 165, 166 list of titles, 198 news and documentary Odetta, 156, 162 Copyright Arbitration Royalty productions featuring, 113 Parton, Dolly, 109, 119, 164 Panels, xii products featuring, 82 Recording Laboratories proceedings for 2004, 24 size of, viii, 3, 168 digitization of, 67 reform, 22 Collections Access, Loan, and Congress Copyright Business Process Management (CALM) appropriations, 104–5 Reengineering, 158 Division, xiii, 57, 62–63 CRS assistance involving Copyright O≈ce, viii, xii, 4, 7 Collections and Services continuity, 9–10 administrative activities, 17–20 Directorate, xiii, 41, 62–71 events hosted by, 106–7 anthrax-related postal arrearage, 57 Joint Committee on the Library disruptions, 17–18 Web guides, 54 meeting, 105 appropriations, 170–71, 176 Collections Management divisions, Librarian’s letter to, vii–ix copies of works, 18 xiii testimony of Librarian before, electronic registration, 18, 26 Baseline Inventory Program, 167–76 facilities redesign/renovation, 57,62,63,64,93 Congressional Black Caucus, 107 27, 143

228 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 information technology Daschle, Thomas, Sen. (D-S.D.), OSI collaborative initiatives, initiatives, 26–27 106 153–54 infringement issues databases Prints and Photographs and concerns, 19–21, 117 Accounting System, 136 Division, 68 international protection acquisition of online database See also Internet resources; of copyrights, 24–25 subscriptions, 192 NDIIPP Internet streaming of radio federated search pilot project, 93 digital preservation program. broadcasts, 21–22 Making of Modern Law See NDIIPP legislative activities, 20–23 acquired by Law Library, 35 Digital Reference Team, Librarian’s testimony before Minaret classification database, 97 xiii, 57, 62, 64, 73 Congress, 170–71, 176 Momentum financial system, Digital Scan Center, Information licensing and royalties, 18, 22–24 94, 135, 138 Technology Services litigation assistance requests, NLS Voyager database, 80, 92 Business Enterprises 23–24 Southeast Asia POW/MIA merchandising e∑orts and, O≈ce of the General Counsel (Prisoner of War/Missing 72 and, 117 in Action) Database, 59 digitization e∑orts, 62 outreach, 26 Special Events, 119 new exhibitions mounted on public information, 18 Davenport, Nancy, retirement, 200 Web site by, 153, 159 reengineering program, De Musica, 70, 191 Digital Strategy and Initiatives 4, 26–27, 167 De Vos,Elisabeth (Betsy), xv Intranet, 151 Register’s congressional Decimal Classification Division, digital talking-book technology, testimony, 20–22 xiii, 48–49 78, 79, 120, 167, 171, 175–76 registration and recordation Deeb, Mary Jane, 40 See also audio equipment of claims, viii, 18, 168, 169 appointment, 199 digital technology regulatory activities, 18–20 Defense Department, 7–8, 59–60 copyright concerns, 20–22, 24, 26 reorganization, 26 Law Library services to, 31 NLS and, 79, 171 statistical tables on registration departments and agencies. standards, 94–97, 215 and other business fees, See specific departments Dimunation, Mark, appointment, 217–18 and agencies by keyword, 199 Web site, 18 e.g., Homeland Security, DiNapoli, Mark, appointment, 199 Correspondence Control Unit, Department of, etc. Dinavari, Hirad, appointment, 199 147–48 Detroit Publishing Company, Direct Express services, 75–76 Cortes, Hernando, documents, 3 photochroms, 70, 191 Directive on Entertainment Coulter, Catherine, 101 Deutsche Bibliothek, 48, 53 Expenses for Employees, 136 Country Studies series, revival of, Development O≈ce, xii, 107–9 Directorate O≈ce, Integrated 59 Dewey Decimal Classification, Support Services, 144 Cox, Edwin L., xv 48, 55 disabilities, individuals with CRS. See Congressional Research Diamond, David, collection, 70, 191 Access Programs O≈ce e∑orts Service Digital Conversion Team, 61 and activities, 124–25 Culberson, John, Rep. (R-Tex.),xv Digital Formats Web site, OSI, 151 Americans with Disabilities Act, Culpeper, Va.,storage facility. Digital Long-Term Planning 148 See National Audio-Visual Group, NLS, 79 Assistive Technology Conservation Center digital materials Demonstration Center’s CyberLC Web page, 113, 156, 156 access to, 40 disability-accommodation acquisition of, 53 products, 159 Dardoud, Gabriel, bibliographic control, 53–54 Interpreting Services Program, gift from estate of, 51 Manuscript Division’s digital 124–25 Darwin, Charles C., 4 projects, 66 materials for, 78–80, 167, 168, 169

index 229 disabilities, individuals with education Directive on Entertainment (continued) Adventure of the American Expenses for Employees, statistical tables on services to, Mind program,121,155 136 219 A≈rmative Action Tuition Employee Relations, 139 Disbursing O≈ce, xii, 137 Support Program, 124 ethical issues, 115 Discovery Cards and Discovery Educators Institutes, 77 garnishments/attachments Labels, 77–78 heritage education projects, management, 115 Dispute Resolution Center, 126 42 human capital legislative diversity legislative assistance involving initiative, 106 Preservation Directorate’s higher education, 13 Librarian’s testimony before Multicultural Fellowship OSI educational outreach, Congress, 168, 171–73, 175, 176 Program, 89 153–54 Library Employee Automated Veterans History Project Science Safari event, 61 Data System, 136 coordinator, 85 See also training programs and library employees by service unit See also Workforce Diversity, products (statistical table), 222 O≈ce of Ehlers, Vernon J., Rep. (R-Mich.), new sta∑ integration, 14 Dizard, Robert Jr., xi xiv, xv outreach and recruitment appointment, 199 Eichholtz, Mercedes, campaign, 123–24 Dodd, Christopher J., Sen. correspondence, 51, 191 performance management/ (D-Conn.), xiv Eighteenth Century American appraisals, 139–40 Doha Development Agenda, 11 Newspapers in the Library personnel management, 173 Donald C. Brace Memorial of Congress, 69 Personnel Security O≈ce, 133 Lecture,“Copyright Enters Eisner, Will, 70, 191 resignations, 200 the Public Domain,” 26 Elcano, Marion Sebring, 84 retirements, 200 Donohoo, Christine, 77 Electronic Cataloging in salaries and increases, 105 Douglas, William O., Hon., 51 Publication, 46 sta∑ changes, 199–200 Douglass, Frederick, papers, 66 electronic materials. See digital Visitor Services O≈ce sta∑ Dove, Rita, 120, 166 materials; Internet resources reductions, 85 Drake, Frances, materials on, 69 Electronic Resource Management Voluntary Early Retirement The Dream of Flight (exhibition), Initiative, 93 Authority program, 139, 143 66, 78 electronic resource management WebTA attendance system, “Dresdner Sachsenspiegel,” 35 system, 92–93 139, 140–41, 158 Dublin core, MARC21 mapping, 97 Elektronische Zeitschriften- workforce funding, 105 Duplicate Materials Exchange bibliothek (EZB/Electronic See also Human Resources Program, 53 Journals Library), 53–54 Services Durbin, Richard J., Sen. (D-Ill.), Elkwood storage facility,Va.,45 Encoded Archival Description xiv Ellis, Tony, 43 Document Type Deﬁnition, Dusty, Florene, death, 200 Emergency Preparedness, xii 95 DVD media research projects, 88 Employee Assistance Program, ENCompass search engine, 26 141–42 Encyclopedia of Iran, 55 E-Government Act, 74 employee beneﬁts administration, Endeavor Voyager ILS software, 92 East View Information Services, 140–42 energy, legislative assistance database acquisitions from, Employee Relations, 139 involving, 12 50–51 employment and sta≈ng Energy Department, 61 eBookMatrix Publishing at Library of Congress interagency agreement for sound Corporation, 51 appointments, 199–200 recording preservation economic policy, CRS assistance CRS, 14 protocol development, 88 regarding, 10–11 deaths, 200 English Legal Manuscript Project, 35

230 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 equal employment opportunities, 114 major events related to, field schools, American Folklife A≈rmative Action and Special 119–20, 161–66 Center, 41–42 Programs O≈ce, 123–26 online exhibitions, 196 film and videotape A≈rmative Action Intern online historical collections, Brown v. Board of Education Program, 124 196 film series, 166 A≈rmative Action Tuition press coverage. See Public A∑airs Motion Picture Pilot Project, 26 Support Program, 124 O≈ce National Film Preservation Multiyear A≈rmative Action traveling, 195 Board, 67, 179 Employment Program, Eyes of the Nation: A Visual History National Film Preservation 123, 139 of the United States, 198 Foundation Board of Equal Employment Opportunity Directors, 67, 180 Complaints O≈ce, 126–27 Facility Design and Construction National Film Preservation equipment, supplies, and services Section, 145 Program reauthorization, Logistics Services activities, 146 Facility Services, xii, 27, 144–45 105, 106 See also Contracts and Grants Safety Services partnering with, National Film Registry in the Management, O≈ce of 148 Library of Congress, 67, 180 Ergonomics Program, 148–49 Family Movie Act of 2004, 20 panel discussion on Low Bow Esfera, forma del mundo: con una Fannie Mae, 13 Group’s productions on breve descripción del mapa, Faxon/RoweCom, 75, 115 China, 162 acquisition, 62, 192 Federal Bureau of Investigation Pete and Tosi Seeger Film ethanol, 12 reform, legislative assistance Collection, 43 ethical issues, 115 involving, 9 Silent Film: The Birth of Film Ethnographic Thesaurus project, Federal Employee Group Life and the Rise of Movie Culture 42 Insurance Program, 141 (book), 82 European and Latin American Federal Employees Health Benefits Zeller’s 3-D Civil War slide Acquisitions Division, Program, 141 show, 164 xiii, 53–54, 55 Federal Research Division, See also MBRS Division; European Division, xiii, 57, 59, 62 xiii, 57, 59–60, 62, 116 Motion Picture Pilot Eusman, Elmer, appointment, 199 Federal Women’s Program, 124 Project; motion pictures Evans, Angela, xi FEDLINK (Federal Library financial aid, higher education, 13 events, in date order, 161–66 Information Network), financial management, 4 See also specific types, e.g., concerts, 40, 74–76, 115, 120–21 audits, 4, 121–22, 137, 172, 204–9 symposia; specific events, fellowships Development O≈ce fundraising e.g., National Book Festival David B. Larson Fellowship and donation management, Everyday Mysteries Web site, 61 in Health and Spirituality, 107–9 Executive Committee, xi, 106 107, 185 Librarian’s testimony before exhibitions Kluge Center, 80–81, 107, 185 Congress, 167–76 continuing, 193–94 Multicultural Fellowship O≈ce of the Chief Financial Discovery Cards and Discovery Program, 125 O≈cer, 134–38 Labels and, 77–78 Nielsen-Bainbridge Company O≈ce of the Inspector General, displays, 195 preservation research 121–23, 204 donations for, 107 fellowship, 88 See also appropriations; statistical incorporation into classrooms, O≈ce of Scholarly Programs, tables and financial 77 80–81 statements Interpretive Programs O≈ce Preservation Directorate’s Financial Reports O≈ce, xii, 137 exhibitions, 76 Multicultural Fellowship financial systems, Momentum list of, 192–94. See also specific Program, 89 financial system, 94, 135, exhibitions by name recipients, 189, 190 138, 158

index 231 Financial Systems O≈ce, Gainer, Terrence, U.S. Capitol H-1B visas, 10 xii, 137–38 Police Chief, 172 Hague Conference on Private ﬁnding aids, 66 Gassie, Lillian Woon, 74 International Law, 25 First Daughters: Letters Between Gazette, Library sta∑ newsletter, Haley, Alan, 40 U.S. Presidents and Their 113 Half-Price Books, 102, 103 Daughters, 82, 198 General Collections and Services Hammerstein, Oscar, collection, Fiscal Operations Improvement divisions, xiii, 57–62 70, 191 Act of 2000, 74 General Counsel, O≈ce of the, Hammond, Donald V., xv Fleishman-Hillard, 110 xii, 114–18 Handbook of Latin American Studies, NLS outreach initiative and, 79 General Services Administration, 60 FLICC (Federal Library and facilities redesign and, 27 handicapped persons. See Information Center Geography and Map Division, disabilities, individuals with Committee), xiii, 41, 71, xiii, 57, 60, 65, 70 Hans P.Kraus Collection, 69 73–76, 91 arrearage, 65 Harry N. Abrams, 82 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Philip Lee Phillips Society Hastert, J. Dennis, Rep. (R-Ill.), Act, 9 members, 182 107 Forest Press, 49 George Grantham Bain News Hayes, Allene F.,appointment, 199 Fort Meade, Md., storage facility Service Collection, 68 Health and Human Services, funding, 105, 173 The Gerry Mulligan Collection Department of, 42 Librarian’s testimony before (exhibition), 194 health issues Congress, 105, 173 Gershwin, George and Ira genetic health family history planning and management, George Gershwin letter, 109, 190 project, 42 143, 145 Here to Stay: The Legacy Healthy Choices through Family status, viii–ix, 3, 39, 169 of George and Ira Gershwin History Awareness Project, transfers, 34, 58, 62, 63, 64, 86, 87 (exhibition), 194 42 France, Law Library internship, 37 Ira and Leonore Gershwin Trust Health Services O≈ce, Freddie Mac, 13 donation, 107 xii, 145–46 Fredericks, J. Richard, xv Gibbons, John H., papers, 70, 191 A Heavenly Craft: The Woodcut free trade, 11–12, 25 Gilburne, Miles, 103 in Early Printed Books, 82 Friends Society (Asian Division), Giraldi, acquisitions, 70, 191 Hein, Shannon, 34 establishment, 59 GLIN (Global Legal Information Hendrickson, Paul, 82 Frist, William, Sen. (R-Tenn.),106 Network), 2, 32–34, 168 Henry A. Kissinger Lecture, From Haven to Home: 350 Years Global Gateway Web site project, 80, 119, 163 of Jewish Life in America viii, 2, 58, 59, 61, 116, 153 Herb Block Foundation, 191 cooperative publishing project, Glück, Louise, xi, 81, 161, 164 See also Block, Herbert 82, 198 Gotfry, Bernard, photos, 70, 191 (Herblock) exhibition, 1, 40, 57–58, 71, 76, Government Accountability O≈ce, Herblock Prize Award Ceremony 78, 112, 119, 166, 193 7–8 and Lecture, 119 From the Home Front and the Front Graham, Reid, award recipient, Here to Stay: The Legacy of George Lines (exhibition), 84, 164 189 and Ira Gershwin Frontline Diplomacy collection, 70 Grammy Foundation, 43 (exhibition), 194 fuel and fuel economy, 12 grants management. See Contracts heritage education projects, Fulton’s Report on the proposed Canal and Grants Management, American Folklife Center, 42 between the Rivers Heyl and O≈ce of Herman, Steven, appointment, 199 Helford, 70, 191 Grey, Robert, 35 Higher Education Act, 13 funding. See appropriations Griselini, acquisitions, 70, 191 Higley, Georgia, appointment, 199 fundraising activities, Development Grotke, Abbie, honors to, 189 Hindery, Leo Jr., xv O≈ce, 107–9 Guide to Law Online, 32 Hine, Lewis, 68

232 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Hiring and Classiﬁcation System, Hu∑, Angela, xi business applications and 158 Hu∑, Julia, appointment, 199 support of sta∑, 158–59 hiring practices Human Resources Services, Business Enterprises outreach and recruitment xii, 138–43 merchandising e∑orts and, campaign, 123–24 O≈ce of the General Counsel 72 See also Workforce Acquisitions, and, 115, 117 CRS and, 15 O≈ce of See also employment and sta≈ng Digital Scan Center, 62, 153, 159 Hispanic Division, at Library of Congress facilities redesign and, 27 xiii, 57, 60, 62, 192 Humanities and Social Sciences New Books project and Web Hispanic Heritage Month, 119–20, Division, xiii, 57, 60–61, 62 site, 56 126, 166, 195 Humor’s Edge: Cartoons by Ann Telnaes RLIN21 transition, 48 Historically Black Colleges and cooperative publishing project, service to Congress and the Universities, 107 198 public, 155–56 History and Literature Cataloging exhibition, 51, 82, 165, 191, 193 support of digital initiatives, Division, xiii, 55 Hurston, Zora Neale 156 Holmes Debates, 36–37, 166 plays, 66 infrastructure, technical. Homegrown Concert series, “The Zora Neale Hurston Plays See information technology 42–43 at the Library of Congress” infrastructure Anjani Ambegaokar, 166 (online historical collection), Inspector General, O≈ce of the, Norman and Nancy Blake, 164 196 xii, 121–23 Oinkari Basque Dancers, 165 Hussein, Saddam, 1 O≈ce of the General Counsel Paschall Brothers, 165 work with, 114 Phong Nguyen Ensemble, 166 I Hear America Singing Web site, Institute for Cultural Partnerships, homeland security, vii, 2 42, 61, 67 42 law enforcement and civil immigration Institute of Museum and Library liberties, 37 legislative assistance involving, 10 Services, 103, 107 legislative assistance involving, US-VISIT system, 8–9 Instructional Design and Training 8–9 In2Books, 102, 103 Division, xiii, 41, 50, 90, 91 Homeland Security, Department Info Pack products, 15 Integrated Library System, of information systems security 34,41,45,92 FLICC working group assistance and reliability circulation statistics, 62 to, 74 Automation Planning and digital materials presented Law Library services to, 31 Liaison O≈ce, 91 through, 61 Library Services assistance to, CRS initiatives, 15 upgrade, 156 40 ITS Library-wide programs, Integrated Library System Program honors. See awards and prizes; 157–58 O≈ce, xiii, 41, 90, 92–94 speciﬁc recipients by name information technology Baseline Inventory Program Hope,Bob,76,194 infrastructure, 156–58, and, 93 Horowitz, Mark, award recipient, 167, 172 electronic resource management 189 Copyright O≈ce initiatives, system, 92–93 Houghton, Amo, Rep. (R-N.Y.), 26–27 federated search pilot project, 93 105 CRS initiatives, 9 handle server support, 93 House of Manuscripts, Iraq, Librarian’s testimony before integrated library system, 41, 92 viii, 1–2 Congress, 172–73 OpenURL resolver, 92 Howard, Philip, 35 Information Technology Services other initiatives, 93–94 Hoyer, Steny, Rep. (D-Md.), 105 (ITS), xiii Rio de Janeiro check-in project, Hsia, Tao-Tai,retirement, 200 American Memory Web site 56 Huang, Bin-Chung, 33 redesign, 153 RLIN21 transition, 48

index 233 Integrated Support Services, International Union Catalog, 80 Investigations, O≈ce of, xii, 133–34 xii, 143–49 Internet Operations Group, 113 Ira and Leonore Gershwin Trust, facilities redesign and, 27 Internet resources, 2–3, 168 donation from, 107 See also specific o≈ces and services acquisitions, 50–51 Iran intellectual property CRS Web services, 15 exchange arrangements with, Copyright o≈ce programs on, 26 electronic commerce sales site 54–55 free trade agreement provisions, for Library visitors, 71–72 “Women in Iran: Past, Present, 25 exemptions for noninfringing and Future” lecture, 163 intelligence reform, legislative uses of copyrighted Iraq and Iraq War, 168 assistance involving, 9 materials, 19–20 Abu Ghraib prison scandal, 8, 31 Inter-American Development Global Legal Information Baghdad visit/library Bank, 32–33, 34 Network, 32–34, 168 reconstruction e∑ort, interagency agreements. handle server support, 93 viii, 1–2, 40, 40, 161 See specific agencies, depart- Prints and Photographs CRS and, 7–8 ments, divisions, and o≈ces Division, 68 “Global Geopolitical Trends: interlibrary loans, 62–63 “Quick Tips” online tutorial, 50 Is the Iraq War a Major Internal Revenue Service, use of Library’s online resources Turning Point?” symposium, Law Library services to, 31 (statistics), 2–3, 155–56, 168 162 International Association of Law Web-Braille site, 79–80 Iraqi publications acquisition, Libraries, 36 See also digital materials; 61, 107, 190 international cataloging policy, 47 specific Web sites report on National Library of International Center for the internships Iraq reconstruction e∑ort, Integration of Health donations for, 107 viii, 2 and Spirituality, 107 Law Library, 37 symposium, 120 International Copyright Institute, Model Secondary School for the Iron Mountain Company, Boyers, symposia, 25 Deaf Internship Program, Pa., storage facility, 68 International Federation 124–25 Isaac Berlin Collection, arrearage of Library Associations National Internship Program items, 68 and Institutions, 36 of the Hispanic Association Isaacson, Walter, 101 International Internet Preservation of Colleges and Universities, Islam Consortium, 151–52 125 “The History of Islamic international law O≈ce of Workforce Diversity, Apocalyptic Imagination” Global Legal Information 124, 125 lecture, 165 Network, 32–34, 168 Preservation Directorate, 89 “Islamic Law in a Changing Iranian law materials purchase, Interpreting Services Program, World: Traditions and 55 124–25 Transitions” workshop, 164 Law Library assistance with, 37 Interpretive Programs O≈ce, O≈ce of Scholarly Programs International Monetary Fund, 33 xiii, 41, 71, 76–78, 87 fellowship studies, 81 International Organization for Intranet, OSI, 151 Rockefeller Islamic Studies Standardization, 94 Intrusion Detection System Fellows, 185 standards revision, 55–56 installation, 158 “Women in Islam and America: International Research Center inventory control and management Reflections on Where We for Japanese Studies Business Enterprise marketing Are Today” lecture, 162–63 (Nichibunken), 58 activities and, 71 Israel, Nevo law database international trade issues Law Library, 34 acquisition, 35 legislative assistance involving, serials inventory control, 56 ISSN (International Standard 11–12 See also Baseline Inventory Serial Number), 45 protection of copyrights, 24–25 Program revision, 55–56

234 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 ITS. See Information Technology Kaminer, Wendy, 35 Knox College Abraham Lincoln Services (ITS) Kaptur, Marcy, Rep. (D-Ohio), 105 Studies Center, 121 Ivanov, Vyacheslav Vsevoldovich, Kearney & Company, 4, 122 Kobel, Peter, 82 80, 185 Keikert, Clare, 37 Kolakowski, Leszek, Kepe, Anna, 81 Kluge Prize recipient, JACKPHY languages, 48 key acquisitions, 61–62 viii, 1, 80, 80, 110, 162 Jacobsen, Josephine, remembered Kiernander, Jonas, Utkast til Kooser, Ted,112–13 by Glück, 81 Medicinal-Lagfarenheten, 35 Korean Serial Database, James Madison Building, Kind, Ron, Rep. (D-Wis.), 105 availability, 58 reconfiguration, 27 Kinder Foundation (Nancy and Kreitman Foundation, support James Madison Council, 3, 4, 61, 62 Rich Kinder), 103 of retrospective materials gifts to the library, 61, 109, 125, 190 Kingston, Jack, Rep. (R-Ga.), acquisition, 107 Great Libraries of the World xiv, xv Kresh, Diane, appointment, 199 trip, 109 Kinney, Angela, appointment, 199 Library of Congress Leaders Kirk, Mark Steven, Rep. (R-Ill.), xv L visas, 10 Circle and, 109, 177 Kluge, John W., viii, xv, 108 Labor Management Relations, meetings, 119 academic center financial 138–39 members, 176–77 support, 110 Lachance, Janice R., 74 Summer College intern, 72 support of Leadership Lady Sainsbury of Turville, Japan, International Research Development Program, Fulton’s Report on the proposed Center for Japanese Studies viii, 107 Canal between the Rivers Heyl (Nichibunken), 58 support of retrospective and Helford, 70, 191 Jay I. Kislak Collection, materials acquisition, 107 LaHood, Ray, Rep. (R-Ill.), xv 3, 39, 51, 69, 70, 86, 107, 190 Kluge Center, 1, 80–81, 156, 169 Lake,Anthony,papers,66 Je∑erson, Thomas, papers, Chair holders, 185 Landry, Maureen, election to 66, 153, 190 David B. Larson Fellowship ISSN Governing Board, 189 Jenkins, Jo Ann C., xi, 77 in Health and Spirituality, Lane, Bettye, 70 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 70, 191 107, 185 Lanier,Bob,4,101 Johanson, Cynthia, death, 200 Distinguished Scholars in Larsen,Libby,80,185 John W.Kluge Center. Residence, 185–86 Larson, Everette, appointment, 199 See Kluge Center events. See specific events held Larson, John B., Rep. (D-Conn.), Johnson, Molly H., xi at or sponsored by the Center xiv Johnson, Tim, Sen. (D-S.D.), xiv funding, 105 Larson, Jonathan, collection, 70, 191 Joint Committee on the Library, Kissinger Scholar, 185 laser engraving, compact discs, 89 xiv, 105 Kluge Fellows, 184–86 Latvian posters, 70 Joint Steering Committee for Kluge Sta∑ Fellow, 184, 190 Law Day 2004, 35, 36, 164 Revision of AACR, 47 legal advice to, 116 Law Librarians’ Society of Jones, Gerald and Gene, Je∑erson’s Library of Congress Fellows Washington, D.C., 36 library reconstruction and, in International Studies, Law Library of Congress, xiii, 29 70, 190, 191 184–85 acquisitions, 34–35 Junior League of Washington, list of 2004 scholars, 184–86 briefings, orientations, seminars, National Book Festival other Fellows, 186 31 volunteers, 103 Rockefeller Islamic Studies classification project, 35 Justice Department Fellows, 185 collection management, 34–36 copyright litigation assistance, 115 Scholars’ Council members, 183 Congressional Legal Instruction debate series, 165 Kluge Prize, viii, 1, 80, 109, 110, 116, Program, 31 FEDLINK settlement, 115 119, 162 congressional services provided Law Library services to, 31 Knowledge Services Group, 13–14 by, 30–31

index 235 Law Library of Congress Henry A. Kissinger Lecture, O≈ce of Special Events and (continued) 80, 119, 163 Public Programs, 119–20 debate series, 165 Judith Austin Memorial Lecture, O≈ce of the Chief Financial Directorate of Legal Research, 161 O≈cer, 134–38 30 “Topics in Preservation Science” O≈ce of the General Counsel, electronic resources, 32–34 series, 86 114–18 Global Legal Information legal activities and advisement, O≈ce of the Inspector General, Network, 2, 32–34, 168 O≈ce of the General 121–23 Holmes Debates, 36–37, 165 Counsel, 114–18 O≈ce of Workforce Diversity, international scholars, 37 Legislative Branch Appropriations 123–27 internships, 37 Act of 2004, 134, 135 Library Employee Automated Librarian’s testimony before Leirer, Martha Blackmun, 84 Data System, 136 Congress, 176 Lenfest, H. F., support of Library of Congress Classiﬁcation noncongressional services retrospective materials Schedules, 47 provided by, 31–32 acquisition, 107 Library of Congress Comes number of inquiries handled Leo A Daly, 27 to Your Home Town by, 29 Leon Jaworski Public Program, project, 43, 73, 110–11, 162 online resource acquisitions, 35 “Representing the Lawyer in Library of Congress Family Guide, 77 professional outreach, 36–37 American Culture,” 36, 164 Library of Congress Fiscal rare book acquisitions, 35–36 Lest We Forget, 84 Operations Improvement Rare Book and Special Lev-Alexander, Nancy, Act of 2000, 59 Collections Division appointment, 199 The Library of Congress Human display, 35–36 Levering, Mary, xi Capital Flexibilities Act research reports and special appointment, 199 of 2004, 142 studies, 29, 30, 31 Lewis, John, Rep. (D-Ga.), 77, 107 Library of Congress Information single-nation reports, 30 Librarian of Congress. See Bulletin, 113 World Law Bulletin, 30 Billington, James H., Library of Congress Internal Lawrence Livermore Berkely Librarian of Congress University, 91, 127–28 Laboratory, interagency Librarian of Congress, O≈ce of, Library of Congress Leaders Circle, agreement for sound xii, 99 109, 177 recording preservation Congressional Relations O≈ce, Library of Congress Online Catalog, protocol development, 88 103–7 40, 92 Laws of Guernsey, 37 Development O≈ce, 107–9 Library of Congress Police, 132–33 Lawson, Wayne, 104 Human Resources Services, Library of Congress Rule LC Events online alert system, 143 138–43 Interpretations, 47 LC Science Tracer Bullet series, 61 Integrated Support Services, Library of Congress Subject Headings, LCC Schedule G, 49 143–49 47, 49 Leadership Development Program, National Book Festival. Library of Congress Summer 120, 139 See National Book Festival College Intern Program, 125 fellows, 72 O≈ce of Communications, Library Services, xiii Kluge support of, 107, 108 109–14 Acquisitions and Bibliographic Learning Gateway, 91 O≈ce of Contracts and Grants Access Directorate, 41, 45–56 Learning Page Web site, 77, 154–55 Management, 120–21 American Folklife Center, 41–44 Learning Support Center, 128 O≈ce of Operations Manage- Associate Librarian for Library lectures ment and Training, 127–29 Services, O≈ce of, 41 in date order, 161–66 O≈ce of Security and The Atlantic World: America Donald C. Brace Memorial Emergency Preparedness, and the Netherlands, 1609 Lecture, 26 129–34 to the Present Web site, 40

236 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Collections and Services Lomax, Alan, 44 Mary, Lady Soames, 119 Directorate, 41, 56–71 See also Alan Lomax Collection Mass Deacidiﬁcation Program, deputy associate librarian, 41 Lomax, John, 3, 112 xiii, 41, 86–87, 167, 171 digital initiatives with ITS, Lopez, Ken, xi Librarian’s testimony before 39, 45, 156 Lott, Trent, Sen. (R-Miss.), xiv Congress, 167 functions, viii Louisiana Purchase Bicentennial Matson Photo Service, 68 goals and accomplishments, Celebration, 121 Matthew Brady–Levin Handy 39–40 Luce, Tom, xv Studio photographs, 68 handle server support, 93 MBRS (Motion Picture, Broad- Librarian’s testimony before Machine Readable Cataloging. casting, and Recorded Congress, 175 See MARC Sound) Division, xiii, 57, NAVCC, 39, 41, 44–45 Madison, James, papers, 66 67, 70 Partnerships and Outreach Maine Historical Collections advisory board administration Programs Directorate, Project, 47 by, 67 41, 71–89 Making of Modern Law (Gale), 35 arrearage, 67 Preservation Directorate, Malish,Basil,death,200 consolidation at NAVCC, 41, 86–89 Management Control Program, 129 44–45 service unit realignment and Management Decision Package, O≈ce of the General Counsel planning process, 41, 90 35, 52 and, 117 Technology Policy Directorate, Mansﬁeld, Judith, appointment, 199 McCallum, Sally, award recipient, 41, 90–97 Manuscript Division, xiii, 57, 59, 189 Transition Program O≈ce, 66, 111 McCullough, Ellen, resignation, 39, 45 arrearage, 66 200 Linked Systems Project, 96 MARC (Machine Readable McCullough, Mr. and Mrs. David, literacy programs Cataloging) 109 Center for the Book MARC Advisory Committee, 96 McGovern, Dennis, appointment, “Books Make a Di∑erence,” 73 MARC Alert Service, 49 199 “Letters about Literature,” MARC Code List for Organizations, Mears, William, 111 72, 73 97 media relations. See Communi- Read More About It! MARC21, 49, 54, 96–97 cations, O≈ce of; Public program, 64, 73 MARCXML, 94 A∑airs O≈ce “Reading Powers the Mind,” Metadata Authority Medicaid, alien eligibility, 10 72, 73 Description Schema, 94 medical legislation, Law Library South Africa: A Journey to Metadata Object Description rare book acquisition, 35 Promote Reading and Schema, 54, 93, 94, 97 Medicare Prescription Drug, Literacy, 73 MARC21 Concise Formats, 96 Improvement and Telling America’s Stories, 73 statistical table, 215 Modernization Act, exhibitions of interest to See also Network Development legislative assistance children and families, 78 and MARC Standards involving, 10 “Read to Achieve” campaign, O≈ce Medina, Rubens, xi, 34, 35, 37 4, 101 Marcadia, 55 Meeting of Frontiers Web site, See also National Book Festival Marcum, Deanna, xi, 97 59, 116, 153 Living Legend Award, 109, 156, 161, acceptance of Odyssey of the Mendenhall, Kathryn, 162 Mind Award, 189 appointment, 199 Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg marketing strategies Mentoring Program, 128 Foundation, 42 Business Enterprises and, 71–72 Metadata Encoding and loan requests processing, 57, 62–63 See also Retail Marketing O≈ce Transmission Standard, Logistics Services, xii, 146 Marling, Karal Ann, 82 94–95, 97

index 237 Metadata for Images in XML motion pictures funding, 105 schema, 95 Family Movie Act of 2004, 20 Librarian’s testimony before Metasearch Committee, National Film Registry in the Congress,105,167,169,175 establishment, 97 Library of Congress, 67, 180 O≈ce of the General Counsel Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. Silent Film: The Birth of Film and, 117 v. Peters, 23 and the Rise of Movie Culture in organizational structure, 41 microfilming (book), 82 planning and management, Chicago Tribune project, 69 See also MBRS Division ix, 3, 143, 144 newspapers, 69 Mouillard, Louis-Pierre, 51 preparing collections for moving, Mid-Illinois Talking Book Center, Moving Image Section, MBRS, 67 39, 86, 87, 158 79 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, Sen. National Basketball Association, The Middle East in Pictures (ret. D-N.Y.), 51 103 Web site, 154 papers, 66, 191 “Read to Achieve” campaign, military courts/military justice, 8 Moynihan, Elizabeth, 51, 191 4, 101 Millender-McDonald, Juanita, Mulholland, Daniel P.,xi National Book Festival Rep. (D-Calif.), xiv Mulligan, Gerry, 67 third (October 4, 2003), Milsap, Ronnie, 79 The Gerry Mulligan Collection 4, 99–103, 161 Minaret classification database, 97 (exhibition), 194 gala, 99–100, 110, 119 Minaya, Fernando Valázquez, Multicultural Fellowship Program, press coverage, 110 Esfera, forma del mundo: 125 sponsors and participants, con una breve descripción Multinational Collections 100, 100–103, 186–89 del mapa, 62, 192 Database, 32 fourth (October 9, 2004) Mink, Patsy, papers, 66 multiple monograph copies, funding, 105, 107 Minter, Lyle W., elected Special identification and manage- accessibility, 124 Libraries Association fellow, ment, 63 Center for the Book and, 72 189 Multiyear A≈rmative Action Em- multimedia program, 156 Model Secondary School for the ployment Program, 123, 139 outreach activities, 71, 155 Deaf Internship Program, Murphy,Debra,appointment,199 National Central Library, Taiwan, 124–25 Mus, Paul, books donated 58–59 Moden, Kim, retirement, 200 to Asian Division, 61, 192 National Child Labor Committee Momentum financial system, Music Division, xiii, 57, 67–68, 70, Collection, 68 94,135,138,158 191 Web site, 154 Montana Heritage Project, 42 arrearage, 67 National Council for Social Montana Union List Project, 47 musical compositions Studies, 155 Moodie, Michael, appointment, compulsory licensing, 22 National Digital Information 199 resolving duplicate numbers and Infrastructure and Moran, James P.,Rep. (D-Va.),xv irregularities in classification Preservation Program. Morenus, Linda, grant and award schedules, 48 See NDIIPP recipient, 190 Musicians of Braeburn, 43 National Digital Library program, Morton, Shawn, xi 4, 87, 152–55 Moses, Sibyl, certificate of NACO (name authority National Digital Newspaper/ achievement recipient, 190 component), 47, 48 U.S. Newspaper Program, Moss, Jean, appointment, 199 Nahmias, David, 36 xiii, 41, 61, 69, 86, 88–89, 116 Motion Picture Conservation National Aeronautics and Space National Educational Computing Center, Dayton, Ohio, 45, Administration, 70, 191 Conference, 155 67, 70, 191 National Audio-Visual National Endowment for the Arts, Motion Picture Pilot Project, copy- Conservation Center 103, 107 right claims processing, 26 (NAVCC), xiii, 44–45 Reading at Risk,79

238 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 National Endowment report on reconstruction e∑ort, Naval Medical Center for the Humanities, 103 viii, 2 (Portsmouth, Va.),Library National Digital Newspaper/ National Library of Russia, Services Department, 74 U.S. Newspaper Program, Meeting of Frontiers NAVCC. See National Audio- 69 Web site, 59, 116 Visual Conservation Center “Program Announcements to National Library of Serbia, NDIIPP (National Digital Support Building a Network 53, 162 Information Infrastructure of Partners” and, 152 National Library of South Africa, and Preservation Program), National Film Preservation 73 vii, 2, 121, 151, 152 Board, 67 National Library of the Nether- awards to institutions and members, 179 lands, The Atlantic World: partners, vii, 113, 166, 196–98 National Film Preservation America and the Nether- Librarian’s testimony before Foundation Board of lands, 1609 to the Present Congress, 168, 174 Directors, 67 Web site, 59 O≈ce of the General Counsel members, 180 National Library Service (NLS) legal support, 117 National Film Preservation for the Blind and Physically press coverage, 113 Program, reauthorization, Handicapped, xiii, 41, 71, “Program Announcements 105, 106 78–80 to Support Building a National Film Registry in the Librarian’s testimony before Network of Partners,” 152 Library of Congress, 67 Congress, 171, 175–76 NDMSO. See Network 2003 additions, 180 statistical tables on services to, Development and MARC National Geographic, 82 219 Standards O≈ce National Information Standards National Recording Preservation Near East Section, 58 Organization, 94 Board, 67, 120 network architecture and support Metasearch Committee National Recording Preservation operations, 157–58 establishment, 97 Foundation, 67 Network Development and NDMSO participation with, National Recording Registry MARC Standards O≈ce 95–97 in the Library of Congress, (NDMSO), xiii, 41, 90, NISO Draft Standard Data 2003 additions, 181 94–97 Dictionary: Technical Metadata National Science Foundation, MARC records statistical table, for Digital Still Images, 95 NDIIPP partnership with, 215 National Institute of Standards 117, 152 Neubert, Michael, honors to, and Technology, 74, 88 National Serials Data Program, 190 National Intelligencer, 69 Serial Record Division Nevo law database (Israel), 35 National Internship Program international standards New Books project and Web site, of the Hispanic Association revision activity, 56 56 of Colleges and Universities, National Union Catalog of New Delhi Field O≈ce, 69 125 Manuscript Collections, 47 newspapers National Library of Brazil, 60 National Woman’s Party preservation. See National National Library of Canada, 96 Photographs, 66 Digital Newspaper/ National Library of China, 37 National Women’s History Month, U.S. Newspaper Program National Library of Egypt, 40, 58 120, 126, 163 Serial and Government National Library of France. National World War II Reunion, Publications Division See Bibliothèque nationale 84, 156 collection, 69, 70–71, 192 de France memorial dedication, 84, 105 Spengler collection of clippings, National Library of Iran, 54–55 oral histories from, 40, 105, 62, 192 National Library of Iraq, 113, 165. See also Veterans Ney,Robert W.,Rep.(R-Ohio), viii, 1–2, 40, 40, 58, 168 History Project xiv, 73, 104, 110–11, 162

index 239 Nielsen-Bainbridge Company Online Public Access Catalog, Library of Congress/National preservation research Voyager module, 92 Library of Serbia, 53, 162 fellowship, 88 Operations Committee, xi Library of Congress Partnership Nighthorse Campbell, Ben, Sen. Operations Management and program, 56 (R-Colo.), xiv Training, O≈ce of, Library Services, 40 Nikolova, Svetlana, 81 xii, 50, 90, 91, 127–29 National Digital The 9/11 Commission Report: oral histories Newspaper/U.S. Final Report of the National Tibetan Oral History Archive, Newspaper Program, Commission on Terrorist 61, 191 41, 61, 69, 86, 88–89 Attacks upon the United States, Veterans History Project, O≈ce of Contracts and Grants 2, 9, 13 83,84,105,113 Management, 121 NLS. See National Library Service organization chart, xii–xiii OSI collaborative digital for the Blind and Physically OSI. See Strategic Initiatives, initiatives, 153–54 Handicapped O≈ce of Preservation Research and Noll, Mark A., 80, 185 outreach initiatives Testing Division, 88, 89 North, Alex, collection, 70, 191 Copyright O≈ce, 26 Veterans History Project and North America, classiﬁcation donations for, 107 Public Radio International, schedules for law of employment and sta≈ng, 123–24 83–84, 189 indigenous peoples, 48 Law Library, 36–37 Partnerships and Outreach North Korea, nuclear arms, 13 National Library Service, 79 Programs Directorate, Northeast Foreign Law Librarians’ OSI, 153–54 xiii, 41, 71–85 Cooperative Group, 36 Outsell Inc., survey, 74 Parton, Dolly, 120 outsourcing, 11, 12 Living Legend Award recipient, Odetta, Living Legend Award 109, 119, 164 recipient, 156, 162 Packard Humanities Institute, Patterns of Global Terrorism, 8 O≈ce Systems Services, xii, 146–48 ix, 3 PBS, 103 “o∑shoring,” 11, 12 Palmer, Marna, 111 Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day Ohio Papamarkou, Alexander, map programs, 84 Center for the Book move, 73 collection, 70, 191 Penguin Group (USA), 103 The Library of Congress Parker, David L., photographs, Peñuelas, Pablo Antonio, Comes to Your Home 70, 191 Breve noticia de Nuestra Señora Town, 73, 110–11, 162 partnerships de los Angeles, 62, 190 Motion Picture Conservation Adventure of the American People’s Daily, 51 Center,45,67,70,191 Mind program, 155 PeopleSoft v8.8, 143 storage facility, 144 American Folklife Center, 42 Perez, Juan Manuel, honors to, 190 Olave, Carlos, 19 Business Enterprises performance management/ Old Glory: Unfurling History, partnerships, 71–72 appraisals, 139–40 82, 198 cooperative NDIIPP projects, Performance Review Board, 142 Old Testament. See Bible vii, 113, 166, 196–98 Persistent Identiﬁers Task Force Oliphant,Pat,51 digital initiatives, 153 white paper, 93 omnibus energy legislation, 12 digital preservation e∑orts, 152 personnel. See employment Online Computer Library European Division, 59, 62 and sta≈ng at Library Center Inc., 48 Law Library, 32–33 of Congress workshops, 76 legislative initiatives, 174–75 Personnel Security O≈ce, xii, 133 online database subscriptions, Librarian’s testimony before Pete and Tosi Seeger Film acquisition, 192 Congress, 174–75 Collection, 43 online exhibitions and historical Library of Congress/EZB Peters, Marybeth, xi, 19, 20, 21, 26 collections, 196 partnership, 53–54 Peterson, Carl, death, 200

240 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 Peterson,Russell W.,51 prescription drugs, legislative Prints and Photographs Online Philip Lee Phillips Society assistance involving, 10 Catalog, 61, 68 financial support for, 109 Preservation Directorate, privacy issues, consumer members, 182 xiii, 41, 86–88 information, 13 phonorecords, compulsory Binding and Collections Care procurement. See Contracts licensing of musical Division, 41, 86, 89 and Grants Management, compositions, 22 comic book collection O≈ce of Photoduplication Service, preservation, 69 program fee revenues, 75–76 xiii, 57, 62, 64 Conservation Division, Program for Cooperative Pickford Theater renovation, 124 41, 86, 89 Cataloging,45,55,65,96 Pizarro, Francisco, letters, 3 conversion of materials, 89 Project Bioshield, legislative Planned Giving Program, 107 internships, 89 assistance involving, 10 Planning Working Group, Mass Deacidification Program, Project Management initiatives, 134–35 41, 86–87, 167, 171 ITS, 158 playback machines, 78–79 National Digital Newspaper/ Projudin-Gorskii, Sergei Poet Laureate Consultant in U.S. Newspaper Program, Mikhailovich, 68 Poetry, xi 41, 61, 69, 86, 88–89 Proquest, Chicago Tribune press coverage of announcement, new equipment, 89 microfilming project, 69, 116 112–13 new initiatives, 88–89 Protective Services Division, O≈ce See also Collins, Billy; Dove, Rita; Preservation Reformatting of Security and Emergency Glück, Louise; Kooser, Ted Division, xii, 41, 69, 86, 89 Preparedness, 131–32 Poetry and Literature Center, Preservation Research and Pryce, Deborah, Rep. (R-Ohio), O≈ce of Scholarly Testing Division, xiii, 41, 86, 107 Programs, 81 88, 89 Public A∑airs O≈ce, xii, 109–14 poetry programs and events Preventive Care Program, 86 Public Programs Services, 145 Poetry 180 Web site, 114 Preservation Reformatting public service announcements. readings Division, xiii, 41, 69, 86, 89 See Public A∑airs O≈ce Bidart and Gewanter Preservation Research and Testing publications read Collected Poems Division, xiii, 41, 86, 88, 89 cooperative publishing projects, of Robert Lowell, 162 preservation treatment statistics, 198 Dove, Rita, 120, 166 216 electronic commerce sales site, Glück, Louise, 161, 164 Presidential Management Fellows 71–72 tribute to Josephine Jacobsen, Program, 125 list of, 198 164 press coverage. See Communications, Publishing O≈ce, xiii, 41, 71, 82 Yevtushenko, Yevgeny, 164 O≈ce of; Public A∑airs Retail Marketing O≈ce/Sales Police Communications Center, O≈ce; specific events Shop, 71–72, 83 132 Preventive Care Program, 86 Web sites. See Internet resources; police sta≈ng and merger, Price, David E., Rep. (D-N.C.), xv individual sites Librarian’s testimony before Printing Management Section, Purchase Card Program, 121 Congress, 105, 171–72 147 Polish Declarations of Admiration Prints and Photographs Division, QuestionPoint, 57, 63, 64, 189 and Friendship for the United xiii, 57, 68, 70 “Quick Tips” online tutorial, 50 States, 59 assistance from OSI, 154 Portals to the World Web site, Business Enterprises radio broadcasts 57 merchandising e∑orts and, Coming Home and Lest We Forget, Poussaint, Alvin, papers, 70, 191 71–72 84, 189 Powell, Secretary of State and reformatting of deteriorating Internet streaming, 21–22 Mrs. Colin, 119 photographic materials, 89 Rapoport, Bernard, xv

index 241 Rare Book and Special Collections Retail Marketing O≈ce, xiii, 41, sales Division, xiii, 57, 68–69, 71, 83 electronic commerce sales site 70, 192 Retail Workﬂows in the Je∑erson for Library visitors, 71–72 arrearage, 68 Shop and Photoduplication Retail Marketing O≈ce/Sales Rare Book Team, Special Materials Service, 72 Shop, 83 Cataloging Division, retirement counseling and planning Sales Shop, Thomas Je∑erson arrearage resolution, 68–69 services, 141 Building, 83 rare books and materials, Rex Foundation, 43 Salt River Project utility company, acquisitions, 3–4, 69–70 Reynolds, Regina, grant recipient, 42 “Read to Achieve” campaign, 4, 101 190 Samarai, Dhamia Abbas, 40 reader services statistics, 220 Reynolds, Tilton C., “A Civil War Sandate, Gilbert, 19 Reading at Risk,79 Soldier in the Wild Cat Sandros, Tanya, appointment, 199 reading promotion. See literacy Regiment: The Papers of Sanneh, Lamin, 80–81, 185 programs Tilton C. Reynolds” (online Santorum, Rick, Sen. (R-Pa.), Recording Laboratory, digital audio historical collection), 66, 196 106, 107 preservation, 67 rights expression languages, 95 Sarat, Austin, 35 recruitment practices. See Riley, Wilma, 74 Satellite Home Viewer Extension Workforce Acquisitions, Rimer, Laurence Mus, books and Reauthorization Act, 20 O≈ce of donated to Asian Division, Saul,B.F.II,xv Recycling Committee, 146 192 Save America’s Treasures, 43 Regional and Cooperative Rimer, Thomas, books donated Save Our Sounds project, 43 Cataloging Division, xiii, 47 to Asian Division, 192 Scheeder, Donna Register of Copyrights, xii Rio de Janeiro O≈ce, check-in appointment, 199 See also Peters, Marybeth project, 56 award recipient, 190 regulations, O≈ce of the General Ristaino, Marcia, fellowship Scheppele, Kim Lane, 36 Counsel activities, 117–18 recipient, 190 Schie∑er, Bob, 100 Rehnquist, William, Hon., 37 Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark Schmelzer, Menahem, 186 Remedy product line for tracking and the Revealing of America Scholarly Programs, O≈ce of, applications, 158 (exhibition), 195 xiii, 41, 71, 80–81 Remini, Robert, 81, 186 RLG (formerly Research Libraries Scholastic Inc., 102, 103 remote-access electronic resources, Group), 48 Schoner, Johan, 70, 190 working group, 54 RLIN21, 48, 93 Schumer, Charles E., Sen. report development and Rockefeller Foundation, 43 (D-N.Y.), xiv management, Crystal Roger L. Stevens Presents Science, Technology, and Business Enterprise for, 158 (exhibition), 195 Division, xiii, 57, 61 “Representing the Lawyer Roosa, Mark, resignation, 200 Scott, Donald L., xi in American Culture” Ross,Gayle,100 Scovill, Ruth, appointment, 200 program, 36, 164 Rossman, Henry, appointment, 199 security and emergency research grants programs, Rowecom, 75, 115 management, vii, 99 digital archiving and rules and rulemaking, international collections security, 2, 40, 63, 69, preservation, 152 cataloging policy, 47, 48 87–88, 131, 167 Research Libraries Information Rumsfeld, Donald, papers, 66 emergency evacuation for Network bibliographic Russian State Library, Meeting of persons with disabilities, utility, 47 Frontiers Web site, 59, 116 125 Research Library of Scanned Tibetan emergency preparedness Literature: Approximately SACO (subject authority program, 129–30 12,000 Volumes of Tibetan component), 47 intrusion-detection system, Texts, 192 Safety Services, xii, 148–49, 159 69, 172

242 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 IT Security Plan, 157, 172 Smithsonian Center for Special Events and Public legislative assistance involving, Folklife and Cultural Programs, O≈ce of, 9–10 Heritage, 84 xii, 119–20 Librarian’s testimony before Social Sciences Cataloging Special Libraries Association, 36 Congress, 167, 171–72 Division, xiii Special Materials Cataloging major physical security book dealer pilot project, 55 Division, xiii enhancements, 130–31 congressional hearings arrearage resolution, 68–69 o∑-site mail-screening processes, reclassification request, 52 Spengler collection of newspaper 17 social security, legislative assistance clippings, acquisition, Preservation Directorate involving, 12 62, 192 activities, 87–88 Social Security Administration, Spider-Man comic book, Security and Emergency Law Library services to, 31 acquisition, 71, 192 Preparedness, O≈ce of, Social Security Protection Act of sta≈ng. See employment and xii, 2, 129–34 2004, 12 sta≈ng at Library of Security Enhancement Society of American Archivists, Congress Implementation Plan, 95 Sta∑ord, Larry, appointment, 200 2, 99, 130–31, 172 sound recordings standards Seeger, Pete and Tosi, 43 arrearage, 67 American National Standards Sens, Charles, death, 200 compulsory licensing of musical Institute, 94 September 11, 2001, terrorist compositions, 22 International Organization for attacks digital performance rights, 24 Standardization, 55–56, 94 commission report, 2, 9, 13 disabled persons and. see ISSN, 45, 55–56 immigration policy and, 10 disabilities, individuals with; National Information Standards Serial and Government National Library Service Organization, 94, 95–97 Publications Division, for the Blind and Physically National Institute of Standards xiii, 57, 69, 70–71 Handicapped and Technology, 74, 88 Serial Records Division, xiii National Recording Preservation XML cataloging format activities and projects, 45, 46, 56 Board, 67, 120 standards, 94–95 arrearage, 45 National Recording Preservation See also Network Development serials, bibliographic and inventory Foundation, 67 and MARC Standards control of, 56 National Recording Registry, O≈ce Serials Cataloging Cooperative 2003 additions, 181 Stanhope, Charles, appointment, Training Program courses, preservation, 43, 67, 88, 175 200 49 talking books, 78–79, 167, 169, State Department Shook, Hardy & Bacon, 37, 165 171 Baghdad visit/National Library Show Music on Record, Z-Client for searching, 55 of Iraq reconstruction e∑ort, Web site discography See also MBRS Division; viii, 1–2, 40, 40, 161 of musical theater and National Audio-Visual embassy construction funds film recordings, 67 Conservation Center; transfer prohibition, 174–75 Shro∑, Kersi, 37 Save Our Sounds project; Law Library services to, 31 Shultz, George P.,80, 119, 163 radio broadcasts statistical tables and financial Silent Film: The Birth of Film and South Africa, study tour, 72, 73 statements the Rise of Movie Culture “The Spalding Base Ball Guides” acquisitions, 210–12 (book), 82 (online historical appropriations Simonova, Olga, 81 collection), 196 fiscal 2000–2005, 202–3 Singer, Maxine, papers, 70, 191 Special Collections and Services fiscal 2004, 201 Smith, Gene, donation, 192 divisions, xiii, 64–70 fiscal 2005, 201 Smith, Theresa, xi acquisitions, 69–71 arrearages, 213

index 243 statistical tables and financial See also NDIIPP; National “Emerging Issues in Copyright statements (continued) Digital Library program; and Related Rights for Cataloging Distribution Service, Information Technology Developing Countries and 221 Services Countries in Transition,” cataloging workload, 214 strategic plan/strategic planning 24, 25 comparison of appropriations, Bibliographic Access strategic international children’s literature, sta∑, and workload plan, 52 64–65 statistics, 202–3 Library of Congress strategic Iraq War, 120 copyright registrations and other plan, 39–40, 167, 168 fees, 217–18 Strategic Planning and talking books, 78–79, 167, 169, 171 financial statement, 205–9 Automation, O≈ce of, digital technology for, 78, 79, 120, financial statistics: summary xii, 142–43 167, 171, 175–76 statement, 204 Strategic Planning O≈ce, Target Stores,73,102,103,107 human resources, 222–23 xii, 134–35 Tarr, Susan M., award recipient, MARC records, 215 Strattner, Mark, appointment, 190 preservation treatment statistics, 200 Technical Processing and 216 Striner, Sara, appointment, 200 Automation Instruction reader services, 220 student essay contests, 73 O≈ce. See Instructional services to individuals who Student Financial Aid Web page, Design and Training are blind and physically 15 Division handicapped, 219 Studies in Latin American Technical Services Section, statement of the Inspector Constitutional Histories, 33 Prints and Photographs General, 204 Sturtevant, Carolyn, appointment, Division, 68 Stern, Isaac, 51 200 technology initiatives, CRS, 15 papers, 3, 191 Sullivan, Leon H., papers, 70, 191 Technology Policy Directorate, Stevens, Ted,Sen. (R-Alaska), Sun Liping, 37 xiii, 41, 90–97 xiv, xv, 105, 110 Supreme Court, U.S. Telecommunications project, 121 Stone, Michael, 161, 186 Blackmun papers, 1, 111–12, 116, television collections. See MBRS storage facilities 156, 163 Division Boyers, Pa., Records Retention “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. Telling America’s Stories, 73 Center, 68, 144 Board at Fifty (exhibition), Telnaes, Ann, 51, 82, 165, 191, 193, 198 funding, 173 1, 40, 66, 76, 78, 107, 112, 119, temporary media center, Landover Center Annex, 132, 144 164, 193 Blackmun papers and, preparing collections for moving, surveillance, 9 1, 111, 163 86 Swann Gallery for Caricature terrorism Serial and Government and Cartoon, 76 anthrax attacks on Capitol Hill, Publications Secure Storage symposia 2, 17–18 Facility, 69 Chinese Section anniversary CRS assistance involving, 8 Taylor Street, D.C., 144 celebration/symposium, Holmes Debate “Just Pursuit Wright-Patterson Air Force Base 1, 58, 59, 120, 161 of Terrorism,” 36–37, 165 Film Storage Facility, 144 on Churchill, 154, 163 war on terrorism, vii See also Fort Meade, Md., storage Congressional Relations O≈ce, See also September 11, 2001, facility; National Audio- 106–7 terrorist attacks Visual Conservation Center in date order, 161–66 Thapar, Romila, 81 Strategic Initiatives, O≈ce of donations for, 109 theater and plays (OSI), xiii, 77, 151–54 “The E∑ect of Technology on Nineteenth- and Early Librarian’s testimony before the Protection of Copyright Twentieth-Century Congress, 175 and Related Rights,” 25 Playscripts, 66

244 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004 “The Zora Neale Hurston Plays ITS project management U.S. Trade Representative, 24 at the Library of Congress” practices training, 157 US Airways, 103 (online historical collection), “Library Services Reference US-VISIT, 9 66, 196 Collections Orientation” USA Patriot Act, 8, 9 Theodore Presser Collection, 68 course, 50 Utah Heritage Project, 42 The Thirty-Second Annual Library “Navigating and Searching of Congress Employee Art in MAVIS” course, 50 van der Reyden, Dianne, Exhibit, 192 “Overview of the Cataloging appointment, 200 This Day in History, calendar, 59 of Non-Book Materials” Van Hollan, Chris, Rep. (D-Md.), THOMAS public legislative course, 50 105 information system, portable document format, 49 Van Leuven, Nik, 37, 37 3, 152, 156 project management practices Vassar, James, appointment, 200 Thrift Savings Plan, 141 training, 157 Vessell Hull Design Protection Tiahrt, Todd, Rep. (D-Kan.), xv “Quick Tips” online tutorial, 50 Act, study/report, 22 Tibetan Oral History Archive, Safety Services activities, Veterans History Project, 61, 191 148–49 xiii, 33, 61, 156, 167 Tillett, Barbara, honors to, 190 Serials Cataloging Cooperative American Folklife Center and, Today in History Web site, Training Program courses, 83 152, 154, 155 49 Congressional Relations O≈ce Top Treasures, security and See also Operations Management assistance, 105 storage, 87–88 and Training, O≈ce of financial support, 109 tours Transportation Services Unit, From the Home Front and the Front Law Library, 31 147 Lines (exhibition), 84, 165 Visitor Services O≈ce, 85 “Treasure Talks” series, 78 Librarian’s testimony before TrackER, 54 Treasury Department, Law Library Congress, 171 tracking applications, Remedy services to, 31 Partnerships and Outreach product line, 158 Trends in Organized Crime,60 Programs Directorate and, training programs and products Trust Fund Board, xv, 115–16 41, 71, 83–85 A≈rmative Action Tuition Tuesday Morning Update survey, 15 press coverage, 112 Support Program, 124 Tunis summit,2005, 25 Voices of War: Stories of Service Assisted Evacuation Training Turner, James, 186 from the Home Front and the Course, 125 21st century library, Librarian’s testi- Front Lines (book/audio), Binding and Collections Care mony before Congress, 168 82 Division, 50 Viburnum Foundation, 73 binding training, 89 Ugricic, Streten, Dr., 53 Virtual International Authority cardiopulmonary resuscitation unemployment, 11 File, 48 training, 146 Unico Properties Inc., 195 Visitor Services O≈ce, xiii, 41, 71, cooperative cataloging training Uniform Resource Identifiers, 85, 103 courses, 49 NDMSO work on, 95 Voices of Civil Rights project, electronic resources cataloging, Universal City Studios LLP v. Peters, 51, 192 54 23 Voluntary Early Retirement FEDLINK, 76 U.S. Capitol Police, 104, 172 Authority program, 139, 143 Global Legal Information U.S. Digital Newspaper Program, volunteers Network, 33 88–89 Model Secondary School for the GPO training in LC U.S. News & World Report archives, Deaf Internship Program, classification numbers, 68 124–25 52–53 U.S. Patent and Trademark Visitor Services O≈ce, 85, 103 heritage education projects, 42 O≈ce, 24 Voyager software, 80, 92

index 245 Wagner, Gerald, death, 200 “With an Even Hand”: Brown v. Board Worklife Services, O≈ce of, Wal-Mart Stores, 107 at Fifty (exhibition), 1, 40, 66, xii, 140–42 Waldseemüller, Martin, Carta 76, 78, 107, 112, 119, 164, 193 WorkPlace USA, 103 Marina,3,70,190 The Wizard of Oz: An American World Intellectual Property Walton, Tony, collection, 70, 191 Fairy Tale,64 Organization, 25 Warner, John, Sen. (R-Va.), women and women’s issues World Law Bulletin, 30 105 Federal Women’s Program, 124 World Summit on the Information Washington, George, papers, National Women’s History Society, 25 66, 153 Month, 120, 126, 163 World Trade Organization, 12, 25 Washington Post, 103, 107 O≈ce of Workforce Diversity World Wide Web Consortium, Watt, Melvin., Rep. (D-N.C.), cultural awareness 94 107 programs, 126 NDMSO Advisory Committee Waynesburg College, 155 “Women in Iran: Past, Present, participation, 95 Web Capture Team,OSI, 151 and Future” lecture, 163 Web Cataloger’s Desktop, 49, 50 “Women in Islam and America: Xiang, Lanxin, 81, 162, 164, 165, 185 Web guides, Collections and Reﬂections on Where We XML (extensible markup language) Services Directorate, 54 Are Today” lecture, 162–63 cataloging format standards, Webster, John, xi Women’s National Basketball 94–95 Weekly Reader Corporation, 73 Association, 103 XQuery language, 95 Weller, Jerry, Rep. (R-Ill.), 106 Work–Study Program, 125 Whitlock, Margaret, retirement, workers’ compensation program, 146 Yee, Harry, xi 200 Workforce Acquisitions, O≈ce of, Yevtushenko, Yevgeny, 81, 164 Wiggins, Beacher, appointment, xii, 140 Yoder, Dan, 43 200 Workforce Diversity, O≈ce of, Yukos Oil, 59 Wilder, Douglas, 35 xii, 123–27, 159 William S. Hein & Company Inc., Workforce Management, O≈ce of, Z-Client, 55 34 xii, 138–40 Z-Processor, 55 wireless system installation, 157 O≈ce of the General Counsel Zazzle, 116 Wise Guide, 114, 152, 154, 155 work with, 114 Zolt, Nina, 103

246 annual report of the librarian of congress 2004