Malton from the Coralline Oolite of Araucarites Description of a New

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Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society

Description of a new Species of Araucarites from the Coralline Oolite of Malton

W. Carruthers

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 1877, v.33; p402-405. doi: 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1877.033.01-04.20

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Notes

.Vame. ~rO{gS. Localities. Modiola sttb~equiplieata, The shell so identified Main Limestones of the Goldf. seems to take the We~aouth district ; place of M. bipartita, Sike Gate. Sow., of the Lower Calcareous Grit &c. Mytilus jurensis, Merian. Main Limestones of the Avieula Struekmanni, DeLor. Weymouth district. Lima subantiquata, Rb'm. So named in some col- Osmington Oolite, &c. lections. fragilis, RSm. A somewhat doubtful Rag of Ayton, &c. identification. Pecten qualicosta, El.} Varieties of the fibra- Osmington Oolite, &c. striata~ Mi~nsL sus-group. Chiefly Oolite and Rag of the Malton district. intertextus, RJm. The P. cancellat~u~ of Tr/9on/a-beds, Wey- virdunensha, Buvi.q. Beatl. mouth. subtextorius, Go/dr. Marcham and Westbrook.

~DEscRIPTION of a NEW SPECIES of ARAUCARITES fro1R t~ CORALLINE OOLITE Of ~t[ALTON. By W. CARRtrrH~RS, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S. ARAVCAVaTES HUVL~STOI~'I, Carruthers, sp. nov. Cone oblong-ovate, supported on a thick branch, which is clothed with leaves to the base of the cone. Scales numerous, supported on a thick axis. Scales small, wingless, with a well-marked lepidium or upper scale. Seed small, oval, borne at the base of the scale. The two cones, found by Mr. Hudlesten, are mature, and each scale, except those imperfectly developed at the apex and base of the cone, bears a seed. The cones are small, being 3~ inches long by 21 inches broad. The scales also are small in proportion to the thickness of the axis. The axis must have been the first part of the organism to decay, as the matrix in which the cones were imbedded was yet unsolidified, and has been pressed into the cavities left by the decayed axes. The scales, however, persisted until the rock became indurated ; and when this decay took place, the cavities were filled in with crystalline calcite, which now represents the external form of the scales and seeds, often with singalar minuteness. The frag'ment of branch which still adheres to one of the cones, exhibits the bases of the leaves, which were of considerable size and thickness, as is shown by the transverse section of the calcite cast. The characters which I have described as found in the scales show that this Araucaria belonged to the Golymbea section of the genus, now represented by two species in f~uth America, one in Australia, and a fourth in New Caledonia. The 21raucarites syplwe- rocar/~us, from the Inferior Oolite of Bruton, and the .4. piplging- forden$is, from the Wealdens at Pippingford, belong to the same section of the genus. Qua. Joum. Geol. Soc Yol.XXXm. P1. XVlI.

D.Blm~ ]ith. Mint~n Bros. m~. ARAU GA1RITE S HUDL]~STONI. THE CORALLIAN ROCKS OF ENGLAND. 403

EXPLANATION OF PLiTE~ XII.-XVII. PLATE XII. Table of Comptrative Sections of th~ Coralline Rocks of England.

PLATE XIII. Rig~ 1. Ammonites pse~docorclatus, B1. ktt., Westbury ironstone, two fi[ths nat,. size. 2, 2a. Ammo~i~es cawtoneasis, B1. & I-I., Coral Rag of Sike Gate, Caw- ton, Yorkshire, nat. size. 3. Chemnitzia lanytouensis, B1. & H., Coral Rag of L~agton Wold, Yorkshire, nat. size. 4. Chemnitziapse~dolimbata, BL & H., Abbotsbury ironstone, nat. size. 5. Chemnitziaferr~yiuea, B1. & It., Abbotsbury iron,tone, nat. size. In the collection of J. F. Walker, Esq. 5 a. Chemnitziaferruyinea, Bl. & H., Abbotsbury ironatone, nat. size. In the Woodwardian 1Kuseum, Cambridge. PLATE XIV. Fig. 1. Fragment of the Coral Rag of Ayton, showing, a. Cerithium inor- nature, Buy. ; b. Eucgclus Buvignieri, D'Orb. ; e. Littorina muricata, Sow. ; d. Trochus a?/tonensis, sp. n., nat. size. 1 d. Trochus aytonensis, BL & H., Coral Rag, Ayton, enlarged. 2. Cerithium virdunense, Buy., Small-shell bed, Cauklass End, Ness, Yorkshil~e, nat. size. 3. Nerin~afusiformis, ])'Orb. ; 3a. Fragment showing the mouth: Coral Rag, Brompton, Yorkshire : nat. size. 4. Natiea marchamen~is, B1. & H., Marcham, near Oxford, nat. size. 5. Natica .felina, B1. & H., Lower Calcareous Grit, Catcombe, ~'ilt- shire, nat. size. 6. Opereulum of a _~eritopsis, Coral Rag, Upware, nat. size. 7. Tancredia dis~tata, B1. & H., Osmington Oolite, nat. size. 8. Lucina asp~ra, Buy., Upper Calcareous Grit, Yorkshire, nat. size. 9, 9 a. Inwina oculus, B1. & H., Coralline Oolite, Yorkshire, nat. size. 10, 10 a. Astarte subdeTressa , B1. & H., Coral Rag, Wiltshire, nat. size. 11. Astarte aytone~s, Lycett, Ayton, Yorkshire, nat. size. 12. Protocardi~m isoeardioide~, B1. & H., Trigonia-beds, Osmington, nat. size. 13. Avicula oval@, Phill., vat. obliqua, Upper Calcareous Grit, Pick- ering, enlarged. PLATE XV. Fig. 1, 1 a. Cyprian tancrediformis, B1. & tL, Nothe Grits, Weymouth, nat. size. 2. Cgpricardia glabra, B1. & It., Trigonia-beds, Osmington ; 2 a. the interior of another valve, Trigonia-beds, Pickering: both nat. size. 3. Astarte Duboisiana, ])'Orb., CoruUine Oolite, Seamer, nat. size. 4, 4a. Pecten qualizosta, Etall., right and left valves, Osmington Oolite, nat. size. 5, 5a. Gastroc~na carinata, B1. & H., North Dorset limestone, enlarged. 6. Area lanthanon, B1. & H., Coral Rag, Slingsby, Yorkshire, nat. size. 7. Area an~mala, B1. & H., Coral Rag, Upware, nat. size. 8, 8 a. Mytilus varians, RSm., Coralline of North Dorset, nat. size. 9. Pecte~ intertextus, R6m., Coralline Oolite, Settrington, nat. size. 10. Gly~af~rruginea, B1. & H., Abbotsbury ironstone; carapace, nat. size. 2v2 J. F. BLAKE AND W. H. HUDLE$TON O.N"

PLATE XVI. Fig. l. Fragment 6f unknown Crustacean, enlarged. Coral Rag, Upware. 2. Atr/eula/r BL & H., Hambleton Oolite, Kepwiek, Yorkshire, nat. size. 3. Av/cu/a 8truc~i, De Lot., Trigon/a-bed~Osmington, nat. size. 4..4trieu2a pteroperno/d~, BI. & H., Lower Limestones, Thornton, Yorkshire, nat. size. 5. Modiola eaneellata, RSm., Upper Calcareous Grit, Nunnington, Yorkshire, nat. size. 6..4vieulapteropemoid~, B1. & H., Triffonia-beds, Abbotsbury, nat. size. 7. Gryp/~a s@~bosa, BI. & H., Cement Stone, North Grimston, Yorkshire, half nat. size.

PLATE XVII. Cone of Arauearites Hudleaoni, Carruther~ from the Coralline Oolite of Malton, Yorkshire. Fig. 1. Basal portion of the cone, n~ size. 2. Longitudinal section of the cone, nat. size. 3. Detached scales, in part broken, showing seeds, nat. size.

DIscvssIo~. Mr. ETmmalDOE spoke in high terms of the merits of the paper, with the opinions expressed in which he fully agreed. It required immense experience and careful study to correlate the various beds, which presented great palmontological and peLTological differences. Prof. S~.~.LEY said that he studied the Coral Rag in 18(;0-1866, during which period he went all over the seuth-wes~ern and part of the north-eastern region, in company with the late Prof. Sedgwick, and had the advantage of discussing the various sections with that distinguished geologist. He could not help being struck with the heterodox character of the present paper, and contrasted the com- plexity of its classification with the simplicity of Sedgwick's ideas of the deposits referred to. He grouped the subordinate beds together as unimportant divisions of the three grand series---the Lower Cal- careous Grit, Coral Rag, and Upper Calcareous Grit. In the authors' classification the term Coral Rag was restricted in its application, and the Upper Calcareous Grit had disappeared from the southern portion of the section. Sedgwick regarded the Weymouth section as the most typical in all England ; and in going north these beds were traceable as far as Oxford. In Central England, from Oxford to Yorkshire, there was a series of clays most varied and instructive, showing the reverse of much of the Coral-Rag area---namely, thin limestones and thick caays. The Ampthill Clay, as this series had been called, showed the fossils of the Coral Rag, but in a certain way comprising Oxford and Kimmeridge Clay fossils. The French gooIogists are in doubt as t~ what the Coral Rag is : in the Boulon- nais the Kimmeridge Clay and Oxford Clay are greatly modified in mineral character; and no correlation by fossils is as yet possible. Prof. Seeley stated that M. Rigaux is anxiously looking forward to the publication of this paper in the hope that it will aid in correlating the French series. He remarked that in England the subdivisions of the THE CORALLIAN ROCKS OF ENGLAND~ 405

Corallian are very variable, showing frequent fossil and mineral changes; but in France we have a physical basis defined by well- marked fossils capable of being traced on the one hand into York- shire, and on the other hand into Dorsetshire, and thus furnishing a means of correlating the two English areas. Prof. MORRIS spoke of the high value of the paper, as the first complete treatise on the Corallian of :England, and pointing out so clearly the great difference in the conditions of deposition of the formation in the northern and southern areas, and the mingling of conditions in the central area. He pointed out that the so-called Corallian occupied diflbrent zones in different localities on the Con- tinent, stretching, in fact, from the Oxfordian to the Portlandian inclusive. Oppel regarded the Corallian as part of the Oxford group, and the Supracorallian of the authors as a.part of the Kimmeridgian. The I~RESlDI~T remarked that the conditions under which the deposits had been formed were evidently those of a shallow sea. The AUTHORS, in reply, said that they had intentionally omitted all references to continental deposits while our own beds were so imperfectly known. They had considered that the term Coral Rag should be restricted to certain beds which are actually such ; and they bad correlated southern English beds with Phi]lips's Yorkshire Calcareous Grit, but had thought it desirable to give them distinct names. Their intention in the paper was simply to give a thorougb description of the rocks between the Oxford and Kimmeridge Clays, wherever these might be.