PROJECT: PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE ECO- TOURIZAM IN THE NATIONAL PARK MAVROVO TOPIC: ORNITHOFAUNA OF THE NP MAVROVO Contractor: UCODEP, Unity and cooperation for the development of peoples SEO, Prof. D-r Branko Micevski Skopje , November 2010 Content ABBREVIATIONS USED. .3 1 INTRODUCTION. .. 4 2. Current Situation. 4 a) History of the knowledge for the avifauna of the NPM. .. .5 b) Current situation of knowledge of the avifauna of the NPM (the first report of the work of the project off of Mavrovo NP). 7 3. Biology and Distribution of Bird Species in NP MAVROVO. .11 4. THREATS TO BIRDS OF NPM. 64 5. EFFECTIVE PROTECTION OF BIRDS IN NP MAVROVO. .. .65 6. LONG-TERM PROGRAM FOR THE BIRDS OF MONITIRING MAVROVO NP . 67 7. CONCLUSIONS. .. .71 ANNEXES TO THE REPORT. .. 71 References . 71 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2 USED ABBREVIATIONS SPEC - species of European importance for protection; SPEC 1 - Species of highest priority for protection because it is a globally threatened species; SPEC 2 - species that are globally threatened, have inadequate protection status (E, V, R, D, L, Ins.) and are concentrated in Europe; SPEC 3 - species that are globally threatened, have inadequate protection status (E, V, R, D, L, Ins.) and are not concentrated in Europe; SPEC 4 - species that are globally threatened, have satisfactory protection status or S (S) and are concentrated in Europe. Non SPEC-species that are globally threatened, have satisfactory protection status S or (S) and not concentrated in Europe. ETS - (European threat status) E- endangered V- vulnerable R- rare D- declining S- secure WBD - Wild birds directives, Council of Europe (CD 79/409 EEC) Bern - Bern konvention Bonn - Bonn Convention COR - Types from the list of CORINE STAT - resident AEST – breeding birds HIEM - winter visitors TRANS-migratory VAG – vagrant species ___________________________________________________________________________ 3 Report for the project task: ORNITHOFAUNA OF THE NP MAVROVO Branko Micevski, Dr. Sci. Bird Study and Protection Society of Macedonia 1.INTRODUCTION No doubt that birds are the most aspective group of animals which could be heard or seen over the year, inhabiting any type of biotope, including ones which are without vegetation like vertical cliffs, areas with snow or water bodies. Having in mind that nature protection in global scale, in its real sense and intensity, has started by bird protection (Royal Society for protection of the birds from Great Britain, founded in 1889, Audubon Society from America (since 1905) or German Society for bird protection (now NABU), also since 1899) it is very clear the present status of their great knowledge like a group and together with this large quantity of educative and popular literature. The last has caused millions of members of these societies to work not only toward bird protection in their countries but on large scale, having in mind that bird protection could be treated only as a international issue due to their locomotory abilities or abilities to migrate on smaller or larger distances. Furthermore, it is more than clear that bird lovers, ornithologist amateurs, are the most numerous ecological tourists on European and global level, and what is even more important they are the most delicate group of tourist looking for the specific and most relevant data for birds. Hence, for securing and kind of ecotourism based on natural values in the Park, birds take their great role and without detailed knowledge for them, this kind of tourism is nearly impossible or unreal to be realized. Other important moment is that for birds every other season of the year is important and different and by visiting the Park during one season curiosity for the rest of the year would be even bigger and visiting the area again would be quite a frequent case. Due to the previous facts for birds are undertaken relevant studies foreseen with this project in order to secure the precondition for eco- tourism development of this region and creating of conditions for relevant protection of this extremely important group of vertebrates. 2. ACTUAL STATUS of BIRDS Actual status with ornithological composition is nearly impossible to be separated from what is history for the knowledge of the bird composition of the NP Mavrovo. It is very unusual that beside of several capital and classical monographs for birds of Macedonia the area of the NP Mavrovo is totally unknown before starting of this project. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4 a) History of the knowledge for the Ornithofauna of the NP Mavrovo In contrary of many other parts of Macedonia which are quite well studies from ornithological point of view (Dimovski & Matvejev, 1955 ) for the NP Mavrovo and in general for the western Macedonia there are missing ornithological data. The oldest ornithological contribution for Macedonia, does not mention at all this area of Macedonia (Drummond, H. M., 1846 ). During the world war I German commission for natural sciences has visited this region only shortly during the end of June 1918 (vil.Mavrovo and r. Radika Gorge), and collected data are reported by Fehringer (1922 a, b). These data are included in the capital book for bird of Macedonia “Avifauna Macedonica” from the most famous ornithologist in that time (Stresseman, 1920) who studied the ornithological material collected from the territory of Macedonia, and delivered to him by the mentioned Scientific commission during the World War I. During the World War II, there are no visits to this region and consequently absence of any new data in the second capital ornithological monograph for the birds of Macedonia by Makatch (1950). After liberation, or after the second world war, also are missing any studies for this region and the only data are data collected by the way during the one day visits of Mavrovo. Namely, during his visit of Macedonia, in fact by visiting the Ohrid region, Dijksen A. i S. Diksen has visited NP Mavrovo in 1980 (13 th of May 1980) and again in 1983 (29 th of September 1983), by which they noted 10 or 18 species respectively. In 1987 prof. Trpkov from the Faculty of Forestry mentioned information for the NP Mavrovo, referring to Griffon vulture (Trpkov, 1987). Micevski in 1988 visited the region two times (unpublished data) and for the vil. Mavrovo noted 10 or 11 vidovi, and in April 1998 - 15 species. Later on during his entomological excursion in 2008 he found 8 more species in august for the region of Kobilino Pole and another species for the vicinity of Stirovicka River and r. Radika. Apart of mentioned there some other data, which we count as irrelevant for this report having in mind their uncertainty. Namely in the monographic book by Sinadinovski (1993), in the faunistical part, from the list of species given could be easily concluded that the data are totally wrong and irrelevant, with wrong Macedonian or Latin names which exactly show to us that the data are just a copy from some totally different source having no connection to Mavrovo Park. Even if they concern Mavrovo Park, they are without some ornithological value due to the fact that it is not known which of the name is right, Latin or Macedonian, as they correspond to different two species. Further more the data are without any date. From this type of quality, we count the data by the students published in 2003 referring to Bistra Mountain. Therefore, the recent or existing data are far to gave some picture for the Ornithofauna of the NP Mavrovo or vil. Mavrovo. They refer only to some restricted period of the year, they are not biotope or analyzed by localities and from that reasons their valorization with purpose to do some zoning would be irrelevant and aimless. Anyway up to the starting with our project for the Park we found data for 61 species (here are included data from the author of this report too). ___________________________________________________________________________ 5 Table 1. Status of knowledge of the Ornithofauna of the NP Mavrovo up to 2010 (the species are given by alphabetical order) .)Kobilino> .)[Stirovicka Fehringer,O. 1922, (Mavrovo, a June 1918) Fehringer,O. 1922, b (Mavrovo,june 1918) S. Diksen, A. & Diksen1984/85 (13. 1980) maj (Mavrovo,Valley of r. Radika) Dijksen,A. S. & Dijksen, 1984/85 (september,1983) Mavrovo)( Micevski, B., 1988 ( let.) in (suurouning ofHotel Bistra) Micevski, B., 1988,in let.(Mavrovo) Trpkov,B., 1987 ( NPMavrovo) Micevski, 1998( let.) in April, Mavrovo Micevski,Avg 2008 let (in Pole Micevski,Avg 2008 let (in i r. Reka Radika) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Acanthis cannabina + 2 Accipiter nisus + 3 Aquila chrysaetos + 4 Apus apus + 5 Alauda arvensis + + + 6 Anthus spinoletta + + 7 Buteo buteo + + + 8 Carduelis carduelis + + 9 Certhia brachydactyla + 10 Columba livia + 11 Certhia familiaris + 12 Cinclus cinclus + 13 Columba oenas + + 14 Columba palumbus + + 15 Corvus corax + 16 Corvus cornix + + + + 17 Corvus monedula + + + 18 Cuculus canorus + 19 Delichon urbica + + + + 20 Dendrocopos major + 21 Dryocopus martius + + 22 Emberiza cia + 23 Emberiza citrinella + + 24 Eremophila alpestris + 25 Erithacus rubecula + + + + 26 Falco tinnunculus + + 27 Fringilla coelebs + + + + + 28 Garrulus glandarius + + + 29 Gyps fulvus + + 30 Lullula arborea + 31 Apus melba + 32 Muscicapa striata + ___________________________________________________________________________ 6 Table 1 (cont.) Status of knowledge of the Ornithofauna of the NP Mavrovo up to 2010 g. (the species are given by alphabetical order) 33 Motacilla cynerea + + 34 Oenanthe oenanthe + + 35 Parus ater + + + + + 36 Parus coeruleus + + + 37 Parus major + + + 38 Parus palustris + 39 Passer domesticus + 40 Phoenicurus ochruros + + + + + + 41 Phylloscopus collybita + 42 Phylloscopus sibilatrix + 43 Picus canus + 44 Picus viridis + 45 Ptyonoprogne rupestris + + 46 Prunella modularis + + 47 Pyrrhula pyrrhula + + + + + 48 Regulus ignicapillus + 49 Regulus regulus + 50 Saxicola rubetra + + 51 Serinus serinus + + 52 Sitta europaea + + + 53 Streptopelia turtur + + 54 Sylvia atricapilla + + + 55 Sylvia communis + + 56 Tichodroma muraria + 57 Tetrastes bonasia + 58 T.