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Classification and Distribution of the Recent Hemicytheridae I and Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) Off Northeastern North America

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Classification and Distribution of the Recent Hemicytheridae I and Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) Off Northeastern North America STOCK: , 6 / Classification and Distribution of the Recent Hemicytheridae I and Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) Off Northeastern North America GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 564 /-, * ^: - - - j & Classification and Distribution of the Recent Hemicytheridae and Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) Off Northeastern North America By JOSEPH E. HAZEL /; v, , I X GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 564 Descriptions of two families of Recent marine ostracodes from off northeastern North America UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1967 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. GS 67-150 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Systematic paleontology Continued Abstract._____________________________ 1 Family Hemicytheridae Continued Page Introduction. _________________________ 1 Subfamily .Thaerocytherinae_ _ _. 24 Acknowledgments.--- _ _-___---_____-___ 2 Genus Thaerocythere- -__-__ 25 Previous studies-__---_-_-_-_-_________ 2 Subfamily Campylocytherinae__ 26 Classification. _ ________________________ 5 Genus Bensonocythere----- _ 27 Morphologic features used in delimitation. 6 Family Trachyleberididae _______ 29 Frontal muscle scars._ _____________ 7 Subfamily Trachyleberidinae___ 30 Adductor muscle scars____________ 8 Genus A ctinocythereis _ _ _ _ _. 31 Soft parts_____---_-_-----___---___ 8 Acanthocythereis ~ _ _ _ 34 Muscle scars in relation to phylogeny_ 9 Robertsonites _______ 35 Systematic paleontology._______________ 13 Carinocythereis _.___. 35 Family Hemicytheridae-____________ 13 Subfamily Echinocythereidinae_. 36 Subfamily Hemicytherinae. _____ 14 Genus Echinocythereis ______ 36 Genus Hemicythere^ ________ 14 Rabilimis- _ _________ 38 38 Elofsonella- _________ 15 Subfamily Pterygocythereidinae_ 39 Baffinicythere- _______ 16 Genus Pterygocythereis- Subfamily Cytherettinae. _______ 40 Nereina. ____________ 18 Genus Cytheretta, __________ 40 Patagonacythere _ _____ 19 Subfamily indeterminate. _______ 42 Muellerina_ _________ 20 Genus indeterminate _______ 42 Aurila. ----_____-___ 23 References. 42 Nor manicy there. _____ 23 Index. 47 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates follow index] PLATE 1. Nereina, Aurila, and Normanicythere. 2. Baffinicythere and Hemicythere. 3. Muellerina. 4. Patagonacythere, Thaerocythere, Elofsonella, and Pterygocythereis. 5. Bensonocythere and Actinocythereis. 6. Robertsonites and Echinocythereis. 7. Muellerina. 8. Baffinicythere. 9. Baffinicythere, Thaerocythere, and Patagonacythere. 10. Bensonocythere. 11. Bensonocythere, Actinocythereis, and Nereina. FIGURE 1. Map showing location of samples--___-_---__-_------------- 3 2. Phylomorphogenic trends in muscle-scar development_________ 12 TABLE Page TABLE 1. Distribution of species of the Hemicytheridae and Trachyleberididae off northeastern North America.____________________-__---------_-- III CLASSIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE RECENT HEMICYTHERIDAE AND TRACHYLEBERIDIDAE (OSTRACODA) OFF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA By JOSEPH E. HAZEL ABSTRACT face samples taken on the Atlantic Continental Shelf Eighteen species of hemicytherids representing 10 genera and and slope from Florida to Nova Scotia. To facilitate 3 subfamilies and 13 species of trachyleberidids representing 9 the physical and biological studies, at least for the pur­ genera and 5 subfamilies have been described or are herein de­ poses of publication of results, the shelf-slope area was scribed as occurring off northeastern North America or the west coast of Greenland from about lat. 40° N. to nearly 80° N. Two divided into three parts. Initial effort in most of the subfamilies are described as new; these are the Thaerocyther­ disciplines was placed on the northern area from about inae of the Hemicytheridae and the Echinocythereidinae of the the latitude of Asbury Park, N.J., to Nova Scotia Trachyleberididae. The Campylocytherinae are shown to have About 400 samples have been processed from this area. hemicytherid anatomy, and are lowered from family rank and Ostracodes were found in approximately 200 of these, considered a subfamily of the Hemicytheridae. The family Hemicytheridae is considered to be composed of and about 70 species have been identified. three subfamilies the Hemicytherinae, Campylocytherinae, and Many of the more commonly occurring species in this Thaerocytherinae n. subfamily. The latter taxon comprises the northern area are in need of taxonomic revision. genera Thaerocythere n. genus, Jugosocythereis, Hermanites, Therefore, it was decided to study the Hemicytheridae Quadracythere, Bradleya, Aquitaniella, Verrucocythereis, and and Trachyleberididae because, in terms of numbers of Puriana. The previously described genera of this group have most often been classed in the Trachyleberidinae; however, individuals they, particularly the hemicytherids, dom­ Thaerocythere, Jugosocythereis, and Puriana have hemicytherid inate the fauna. This will make the lists to be pub­ anatomies and this is suspected for the other genera. The lished in later biogeographic studies more meaningful genera of the Thaerocytherinae usually have four adduetor mus­ and useful. cle scars and two frontal scars. The family Trachyleberididae The fauna of the area contains many arctic elements, is considered to be composed of seven subfamilies: the Tra- chyleberidiinae, Echinocythereidinae, Brachycytherinae, Ptery- a fact already noted by Cushman (1906) and Blake gocythereidinae, Gytherettinae, Buntoniinae, and Mauritsininae. (1929, 1933). Therefore, for comparative purposes, The new subfamily Echinocythereidinae is proposed for the several samples from the Davis Strait, Ungava Bay, genera Echinocythereis, Raibilimis n. gen., and questionably Foxe Basin, Baffin Bay, and Kane Basin were studied Bosquetina. and are included in this taxonomic study. The complex muscle-scar pattern found in most Neogene and Quaternary genera of the Hemicytherinae is shown to have de­ Considered here are 13 species of trachyleberidids ar­ veloped from the Trachyleberidinae in a series of steps that pass ranged in 9 genera and 5 subfamilies, and 18 species of through the Thaerocytherinae and the Hemicytherinae. hemicytherids arranged in 10 genera and 3 subfamilies. Four genera are new: Bafflnicythere (type species Cythere One trachyleberidid subfamily and one hemicytherid costata Brady, 1866) of the Hemicytherinae, Bensonocy there subfamily are new. Three hemicytherid genera and one (type species Legummocythereis whitei Swain, 1951) of the trachyleberidid genus are new. One hemicytherid spe­ Campylocytherinae, Thaerocythere (type species Cythereis cre- nulati Sars, 1865) of the Thaerocytherinae, and RaUlimis (type cies is new. The new taxa are Echinocythereidinae species Cy there miraUlis Brady, 1868) of the Echinocythereid­ (Trachyleberididae), Thaerocytherinae (Hemicytheri­ inae. One species, Bensonocy there americana, is new. dae), Thaerocythere (Thaerocytherinae), Ba-ffvnicy- there (Hemicytherinae), Bensonocy there (Campylocy­ INTRODUCTION therinae), RaJbilimis (Echinocythereidinae), and The U.S. Geological Survey and the Woods Hole Bensonocy there americcma n. sp. Oceanographic Institution are engaged in a joint geo­ New and previously described species which have not logical investigation of the Continental Shelf and slope been recently revised are described. Genera for which of the Atlantic coast of the United States (Emery and there is additional information are diagnosed and dis­ Schlee, 1963). As a part of this program, I have under cussed. Carapaces or valves are illustrated for nearly study the ostracodes from several hundred bottom-sur­ all species found. Dissections of living specimens were RECENT HEMICYTHERIDAE, TRACHYLEBERIDIDAE OFF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA made where possible and the soft parts are illustrated Comparative Zoology of Harvard University. I am for those species not covered by Cushman (1906), Sars grateful to Ernst Mayr, Director of the Museum, and (1925),or Elofson (1938,1941). to his staff, in particular H. B. Whittington, for the All the samples used and the exact number of speci­ courtesies extended me during my stay at that mens of each species found in each sample are listed in institution. table 1. Also included in table 1 are all the localities Geological Survey colleagues who deserve special off northeastern North America at which trachyleberi- thanks for their advice during preparation of this manu­ dids or hemicytherids were found by previous workers, script are J. T. Dutro and I. G. Sohn; thanks are also and the species identified at each locality. due A. E. Palmer for critically reading the manuscript. The samples (locations on fig. 1) are arranged in The photographs of the ostracodes were taken by order of decreasing latitude. Because latitude and E. H. McKinney and retouched by Elinor Stromberg; longitude data were not given for most of the samples other than those being used in the joint project of the PREVIOUS STUDIES U.S. Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceano- The first hemicytherids or trachyleberidids listed or graphic Institution, approximate coordinates were described from the Atlantic off northeastern North based on geographic data provided by the authors with America appear to be Oythere septentrionalis Brady, the help of information obtained from the Board on Cythere costata Brady, and Oy'there clathrata (Eeuss) Geographic Names and from gazetteers. of
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