What is Mixed Oxidant Solution? June 2012 Superior Chemistry from Expert

Input Salts Output Chemistries Unique Cell technology Reliable, Self‐cleaning Disinfection Chemistries Efficacy Sodium Salt

Mixed Oxidant Salt Hypochlorite with Peroxide

Quaternary Ammonium Salt Activated Quaternary Ammonium Hypochlorite

Organic & Hydrocarbon Destruction

+ UV Activated = Hypochlorite UV Light Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) Chemistry Discovered serendipitously in 1992, optimized systematically

"Log-Kill" Data (geometry, power) Power A Concentration & duration of 3.5 5 mg/L mixed oxidant dose as FAC Power B other oxidants depends on: Power C 3.0 Power D ► Cell Configuration 2.5 Power E ► Power ► Fluid Flow 2.0 ► Fluid Concentration inactivation, "log kill" 1.5 ► Time in Cell ► Temperature 1.0 ► Cell Coating 0.5 ► and more . . . 0.0 The combination of factors leading Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium to optimal oxidant efficacy and Ge om e try duration is a key trade secret What is in Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS)?

► Traditional measurements of the additional oxidant(s) in MOS has not been successful • is a strong oxidant and interferes with measurement

► There are a small number of known compounds formed from reactions of NaCl

and H2O

HOCl NaOCl ClO2 NaOH

Anode (+) O3 H2 Cathode (-) Cl H O Products 2 2 2 Products O2 OH0, OH+

Through partnership with academia and internal research,

(H2O2 ) is the additional oxidant in MOS Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) Benefits and Advantages

► Superior Disinfection

► Superior Removal

► Superior Residual Maintenance

► Superior (lower) Disinfection By-Product Formation

► Potential Microflocculation Effect • Can reduce chemical costs and improve water quality

BEFORE MIOX AFTER MIOX Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) Visible Effect of Trace Hydrogen Peroxide with Hypo

CDC Study - Inactivating Bacillus globigii (B.g.)

Hypochlorite

Mixed Oxidant Solution

0 min (untreated) 15 min 30 min 45 min 60 min Bajszar, 2009; Validated in 3rd party studies at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Disinfection Efficacy Peer‐reviewed, 3rd Party

Microorganism Dose Contact Contact Inactivation Differentiating Reference (mg/L) Time Time (log) Parameter MOS (min.) (min.) Vibrio cholerae 2 1.8 4.0 4 log Time Venczel et al, (Facultative Anaerobe) 2004 2 3.8 5.0 4 log Time Venczel et al, (Facultative Anaerobe) 2004 2 10 10 >4.8, MIOX Efficacy Barton, 1996 (Aerobe) 2.2, Bleach Legionella pneumophilia 2 10 10 >5.0, MIOX Efficacy Barton, 1996 (Aerobe) 4.7, Bleach BACTERIAL SPORES Bacillus 23030>5 , MIOXEfficacy Barton, 1996 sterothermophilus 2.5, Bleach (Aerobe) 2 13 18 2 log Time Venczel et al, spore 2004 (Obligate anaerobe) Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) Destroys biofilm more effectively than standard hypochlorite Mixed Oxidants Destroy Biofilm better than Sodium Hypo Sodium Hypo Extensive biofilm growth

Coliform and Legionella hits

1.5 mg/L FAC dose

0.2 mg/L FAC residual Sodium Hypo

Mixed Oxidant Solution

Biofilm eliminated

No bacterial hits

MOS 0.6 mg/L FAC dose

0.4 mg/L FAC residual

Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) Proven Reduction in Biofilm and Algae Fouling

BEFORE MIOX Condenser Tube Sheet after extended run at a large industrial .

AFTER MIOX Condenser Tube Sheet after 2.5 months of using MIOX.

BEFORE MIOX Algae is rampant with conventional biocide program at power gen plant. AFTER MIOX Condenser Tube Sheet after 2.5 months of using MIOX.

“Reducing our treatment regimen …down to a single mixed oxidant product generated on site has resulted in substantial treatment chemical and labor cost savings.” -- Paul Schrock, NIPSCO Senior Chemist Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) Reduce TTHMs by 35%

Chlorine Gas (Q2 '05 - Q1 '06)

Mixed Oxidants (Q2 '06 - Q1 '07)

Coto Laurel, Puerto Rico Superior Mixed Oxidant Solution Visible Effect of Trace Hydrogen Peroxide with Hypo

BEFORE MIOX AFTER MIOX

► Reduction of biofouling Top Menu

► Better residuals, even at high pH

► Reduced algae loading

► Replaced Nalco biocides Top Menu

► Improved Production load

“The discovery of positive Legionella counts in the hospital's cooling tower system required immediate intervention. Since MIOX was installed in July, no positive results have been noted.” --Case Study: Hospital Cooling Tower Application, Earthwise Environmental