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2018 Symposium Abstracts BSc1 Effects of Angle of Epiglottis on Aerodynamic and Acoustic Parameters in Excised Canine Larynges Objective: To explore the effects of the angle of epiglottis on acoustic and aerodynamic parameters in excised canine larynges. Methods: The natural angle of epiglottis (Aepi) was measured for 14 excised canine larynges as a control group. Then, the Aepi were manually adjusted to 60° and 90°. Aerodynamic and acoustic parameters including mean flow rate (MFR), sound pressure level (SPL), jitter, shimmer, fundamental frequency (F0), and formants (F1-F4) were measured with a subglottal pressure of 1.5kPa. Simple linear regression analysis between acoustic and aerodynamic parameters and the Aepi of the control group was performed and ANOVA comparing the acoustic and aerodynamic parameters of the three groups was carried out. Results: 1) The larynges with larger natural Aepi had significantly lower jitter, shimmer, formant 1and formant 2; 2) PTF was significantly different for the three groups, and MFR and SPL were significantly different between the 60° and 90° groups. Conclusion：The angle of epiglottis was proposed for the first time in this study. The angle of epiglottis plays an important role in phonation and resonance of excised canine larynges. Key words: excised canine larynges; angle of epiglottis; aerodynamics; acoustics. Yanchao Jiao MD, Otolaryngologist, Dept. of Otolaryngology, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China Qingkai Zeng MD, Department of ENT Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen,, Fujian, China Peiyun Zhuang MD, Department of ENT, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian , China BSc2 Trends in Singing Voice Research: An Innovative Approach Objectives: To trace and describe research patterns in singing voice; to compare the amount of published research over time; to identify journals that published most papers on “singing voice”; to establish the most frequent research topics. Methods: The study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches through descriptive statistics, text mining and clustering. The authors conducted a search in PubMed to identify scientific papers related to the main topic. The titles and abstracts were exported and analyzed regarding word frequency and relations between them, through hierarchical cluster analysis and co-occurrence networks. Also, the frequency of journals was calculated as well as the amount of papers across time. Results: Since 1949, 754 papers were published and an increase was noticed over the last decades. Even though 162 journals were identified by the authors, Journal of Voice holds the majority of papers, in every analyzed period. An evolution of studied topics is described. Up to 2010, the main theme was professional singers, especially classical and opera interpreters. Since then, voice quality and the effects of training gathered more attention. Conclusion: There has been a notoriously growing interest in singing, since the first indexed paper in 1949. However it has been slightly slowing down. Until 2010, great importance was given to voice quality of singers and their occupational demands. Acoustic analysis was widely used to study the effects of training. From 2010 until now the concern with functionality is increasing, rather than the organic voice structures. Musical perception studies have been a tendency as well as the use of ellectroglotography. Pedro Melo Pestana, BSc – Speech Pathology, PhD student – Language Development and Disorders, Director and Speech-Language Pathologist, PMP terapia (Esposende, Portugal), Universidade Fernando Pessoa – Health Sciences Faculty, Oporto, Portugal Susana Vaz-Freitas, PhD, MSc, SLP. Speech-Language Pathologist, ENT Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Oporto, Portugal Maria Conceição Manso, PhD, MSc, Professor, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa; LAQV, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal BSc3 Longitudinal Mean and Overall Range Speaking Pitch Variation in English Cathedral Girl Choristers Voice change between childhood and adulthood in terms of pitch variation is not as great in girls as it is in boys and it tends to receive less attention. As part of our regular voice recordings of the girl choristers at Wells Cathedral in Somerset UK at approximately six month intervals over the past two decades, a read passage is included. The data are stereo recordings of speech pressure (microphone) and electrolaryngograph signals. In this paper, we shall report on longitudinal mean and overall range speaking pitch variation over time for a number of girl choristers. Data analysis makes use of the eletrolaryngograph signal which indicates changing vocal fold contact area and is not prone to interference from competing acoustic signals. Summary comments are provided to snapshot voice change in this female chorister community. David M Howard FREng, Department of Electronic Engineering, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK Graham F. Welch, University College London Institute of Education, UK, Evangelos Himonides, University College London Institute of Education, UK BSc4 Perceptual and Quantitative Assessment of Vocal Roughness across Sustained Phonations and Connected Speech Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the perceived vocal roughness of sustained phonations to perceived vocal roughness of connected speech. In the laboratory, measurements of vocal roughness are often extracted from sustained vowel phonations. Alternatively, obtaining vocal roughness from continuous speech samples offers ecological validity, however, because of the multidimensional nature of continuous speech, it is unclear whether judgements will be more or less variable than for sustained phonations. Furthermore, it is unclear how well the same computational measures will compare across the two types of speech. Methods: Ten naive listeners judged roughness from sustained /a/ phonations and one sentence from the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test using a single-variable matching task. Voice samples were recorded from 5 male and 5 female talkers who varied on wide continuum of dysphonia severity. Computational measures of pitch strength, cepstral peak and autocorrelation peak were extracted from all talkers and for both stimulus types. These measures were then used to predict the perceived roughness using regression models. Results: Perceived roughness was highly similar between sustained phonations and connected speech for most of the talkers (8/10; ~1-2dB variation in modulation depth). Similarly, there was a moderate to high correlation among the stimulus types for each of the computational measures. Pitch strength computed from the waveform produced the highest goodness of fit [r2 = 0.87 (sentences) and 0.77 (vowels)] to the perceptual matching data followed by the autocorrelation peak [r2 = 0.85 (sentences) and 0.70 (vowels)]. Conclusions: Despite a variety of differences among sustained phonations and connected speech, the perception of roughness and corresponding acoustic correlates were quite similar for these stimulus types. This work represents an important step in advancing studies of voice quality perception from single vowels to connected speech. Work supported by NIH-NIDCD DC009029 (DAE and RS). Supraja Anand, PhD, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL David A. Eddins, PhD, CCC-A, Professor, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL Rahul Shrivastav, PhD, CCC-SLP, Vice President for Instruction, University of Georgia, Athens, GA BSc5 Prediction of Vocal Fatigue from Acoustical Voice Parameters in Virtual Acoustics Scenarios Introduction: Mobile technologies are changing the lives of millions around the world. One of the most common applications of mobile technologies on health is the self-monitoring. If such technology works for monitoring our physical activity, could similar technology be used to monitor the how we use our voice in our daily life? Objectives: As a first step to answer this question, the study was designed to better understand how self-reported vocal fatigue is related with objective voice parameters (voice intensity, pitch, and their fluctuation), and the duration of the vocal load. This information will allow us to identify trends between the self-perception of vocal fatigue and objective parameters that may quantify it. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects were recorded while reading a text. Different acoustics scenarios were artificially created to increase the variability in the speech produced presented in a random order. For each scenario, the subjects answered questions addressing their perception of vocal fatigue on a visual analogue scale. Results: A model of the vocal fatigue to acoustic vocal parameters is proposed. The duration of the vocal load contributed to 43.5% of the variance explained by the model, followed by the intensity modulation (25.3%). Conclusions: If mobile technology is going to be used for people to monitor their daily voice use in different environments, the results of this study provide valuable information needed for the design of mobile technology. A low cost, mobile system, with output easy to understand is possible. Keywords: vocal fatigue; room acoustics; voice monitoring Pasquale Bottalico, Engineer, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, University
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