A Semantic Analysis of Non Literal Meaning a Thesis By
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THE SADNESS PORTRAYED IN TAYLOR SWIFT’S SELECTED SONGS: A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF NON LITERAL MEANING A THESIS BY WINDI RIAHNA KELIAT REG. NO. 140705167 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA THE SADNESS PORTRAYED IN TAYLOR SWIFT’S SELECTED SONGS: A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF NON LITERAL A THESIS BY WINDI RIAHNA KELIAT REG. NO. 140705167 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Dr. Deliana, M.Hum. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph. D. NIP. 19571117 198303 2 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan i n partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head Secretary Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M. A., Ph. D. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph. D. NIP. 19540916 198003 2 003 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on April 12th, 2019 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001 Board of Examiners Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M. A., Ph. D. Dr. Deliana, M.Hum. Dr. Hj. T. Thyraya Zein, M. A UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, WINDI RIAHNA KELIAT DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed: Date: April 12th, 2019 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : WINDI RIAHNA KELIAT TITLE OF THESIS : THE SADNESS PORTRAYED IN TAYLOR SWIF T’S SELECTED SONGS : A SEMANTIC ANALYS IS OF NON LITERAL QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed: Date: April 12th, 2019 vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of All I thank and praise Allah SWT for His countless blessings during the time I write this thesis. There were times when I was down and depressed that made me feel like giving up, but He continued to give me strength in order to finish this thesis. I also would like to thank to my supervisor Dr. Deliana, M.Hum, my co- supervisor Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph. D who has given advice, criticism and precious time in correcting this thesis and thank to the Head Department of English Literature Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M. A., Ph. D for her guidance and suggestions. And to all of the staff and lecturers of English Literature Department who have helped me and taught me everything I need in the past 4 year. The most special thank is dedicated to my beloved parents, Kun Swondo Keliat and Susanna Syahdevi for their love, patience, supported me morally, spiritually and financially in completing this thesis. I also thank to my one and only beloved sister Ranita Swandani Keliat for her support in every situation and thank to my grandmother, Hj. Lelawaty, the person who inspired me and always give her prayers for supporting me. Finally is the greatest thank to all of my friends in the university Titha, Azura, Mia, Haga, Uti, Dwi, Bima, Anggi for being the place where I can spill everything that was bothering me in the process of writing my thesis . I also thank Fariz Rizqan for being my partner in doing my thesis; thank you for your motivation and help, for being able to deal with myself. I also thank Class C of English Literature 2014 for helping me along the way and making my university life a vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA blessing. Thank to my special friend for his contributions and support in helping me to get through this thesis. However, this thesis is still far from perfect but I wish that this thesis could give contribution to the English Language studies especially in the study of Non – Literal Meaning. Therefore, I accept for any constructive criticism and suggestions to give me more improvement in the future. Medan, April 12th 2019 Windi Riahna Keliat viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul “The Sadness Portrayed in Taylor Swift‟s Selected Songs: A Semantic Analysis of Non Literal Meaning”. Pembahasan tentang makna denotative dalam 7 lagu Taylor Swift yang dipilih secara acak untuk memahami makna yang ingin disampaikan oleh penulis dalam lirik lagu yang dibuatnya. Pengetahuan tentang makna sebuah lagu sangatlah penting dalam menikmati sebuah lagu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Dari analisis data penulis menemukan 6 tipe makna non – literal atau makna figuratif yang ada dalam lagu Taylor Swift, yaitu: metaphor (30,3%), hyperbole (30,3%), simile (6,1%), metonymy (12,1%), synecdoche (6,1%), dan personification (15,1%). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan sadness yang terdapat dalam lagu-lagunya, yaitu dampened mood (46,2%), lethargy (11,5%), withdrawal from other (7,7%), quietness (23,1%), dan crying (11,5%). Temuan menunjukan bahwa lagu Taylor Swift banyak menggunakan lirik yang mengandung makna khiasan untuk memperindah dan membuat lagu tersebut lebih berwarna dalam hal penyusunan lirik dan makna lagu itu sendiri. Kata Kunci: Semantik, Makna Non – Literal, Sadness, Lirik lagu ix UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This thesis is entitled “The Sadness Portrayed in Taylor Swift‟s Selected Songs: A Semantic Analysis of Non Literal Meaning”. It discusses about denotative meaning in seven Taylor Swift‟s selected songs which are chosen randomly. The method of research applied in this study is qualitative method. This analysis is done due to the songs expression about meanings that underlying behind the lyrics that the composer really want to say in her songs. From the analysis of the data, the writer found six types of non – literal meaning or figurative meaning in the lyrics of Taylor Swift‟s songs they are: metaphor (30,3%), hyperbole (30,3%), simile (6,1%), metonymy (12,1%), synecdoche (6,1%), and personification (15,1%). In terms of sadness, the songs contained dampened mood (46,2%), lethargy (11,5%), withdrawal from other (7,7%), quietness (23,1%), and crying (11,5%). The results indicate that these Taylor Swift‟s songs used lyrics that contain of figurative meaning to beautify the songs with sadness theme in order to make the lyrics meaningful. Keywords: Semantic, Non – Literal Meaning, Sadness, Song lyrics x UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.9 Conceptual Framework …………………………………………….. 22 Figure 3.4 Components of Data Analysis: Interactive Model (Miles, Huberman and Saldana, 2014:33) …………………………. 24 xi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1.1 Type of Non – Literal in Dear John .................................................. 27 Table 4.1.2 Type of Non – Literal in All too Well .............................................. 30 Table 4.1.3 Type of Non – Literal in Back to December .................................... 32 Table 4.1.4 Type of Non – Literal in Teardrops on My Guitar ………………... 34 Table 4.1.5 Type of Non – Literal in Safe and Sound …………………………. 36 Table 4.1.6 Type of Non – Literal in I don‟t Wanna Live Forever …………… 37 Table 4.1.7 Type of Non – Literal in We are Never Ever Getting Back Together ………………………. 39 Table 4.2.1 Type of Sadness in Dear John …………………………………….. 40 Table 4.2.2 Type of Sadness in All too Well ………………………………….. 42 Table 4.2.3 Type of Sadness in Back to December ……………………...……. 44 Table 4.2.4 Type of Sadness in Teardrops on My Guitar ………….………….. 46 Table 4.2.5 Type of Sadness in Safe and Sound ………………………………. 47 Table 4.2.6 Type of Sadness in I don‟t Wanna Live Forever …………………. 48 Table 4.2.7 Type of Sadness in We are Never Ever Getting Back Tpgether …. 50 Table 4.3.1 Finding Type of Non – Literal Meaning ……….………………… 52 Table 4.3.2 Finding Type of Sadness …………….…………………………… 52 xii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ........................................................................... v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ....................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................... vii ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. xii TABLE OF CONTENTS