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Linux Administrators Security Guide LASG - 0.1.1
Linux Administrators Security Guide LASG - 0.1.1 By Kurt Seifried ([email protected]) copyright 1999, All rights reserved. Available at: https://www.seifried.org/lasg/. This document is free for most non commercial uses, the license follows the table of contents, please read it if you have any concerns. If you have any questions email [email protected]. A mailing list is available, send an email to [email protected], with "subscribe lasg-announce" in the body (no quotes) and you will be automatically added. 1 Table of contents License Preface Forward by the author Contributing What this guide is and isn't How to determine what to secure and how to secure it Safe installation of Linux Choosing your install media It ain't over 'til... General concepts, server verses workstations, etc Physical / Boot security Physical access The computer BIOS LILO The Linux kernel Upgrading and compiling the kernel Kernel versions Administrative tools Access Telnet SSH LSH REXEC NSH Slush SSL Telnet Fsh secsh Local YaST sudo Super Remote Webmin Linuxconf COAS 2 System Files /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/groups /etc/gshadow /etc/login.defs /etc/shells /etc/securetty Log files and other forms of monitoring General log security sysklogd / klogd secure-syslog next generation syslog Log monitoring logcheck colorlogs WOTS swatch Kernel logging auditd Shell logging bash Shadow passwords Cracking passwords John the ripper Crack Saltine cracker VCU PAM Software Management RPM dpkg tarballs / tgz Checking file integrity RPM dpkg PGP MD5 Automatic -
Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H
Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H. SALUS Peter H. Salus is the author of A n June 1991, at the USENIX conference in Nashville, BSD NET-2 was Quarter Century of UNIX (1994), announced. Two months later, on August 25, Linus Torvalds announced Casting the Net (1995), and The his new operating system on comp.os.minix. Today, Android, Google’s Daemon, the Gnu and the Penguin I (2008). [email protected] version of Linux, is used on over two billion smartphones and other appli- ances. In this article, I provide some history about the early years of Linux. Linus was born into the Swedish minority of Finland (about 5% of the five million Finns). He was a “math guy” throughout his schooling. Early on, he “inherited” a Commodore VIC- 20 (released in June 1980) from his grandfather; in 1987 he spent his savings on a Sinclair QL (released in January 1984, the “Quantum Leap,” with a Motorola 68008 running at 7.5 MHz and 128 kB of RAM, was intended for small businesses and the serious hobbyist). It ran Q-DOS, and it was what got Linus involved: One of the things I hated about the QL was that it had a read-only operating system. You couldn’t change things ... I bought a new assembler ... and an editor.... Both ... worked fine, but they were on the microdrives and couldn’t be put on the EEPROM. So I wrote my own editor and assembler and used them for all my programming. Both were written in assembly language, which is incredibly stupid by today’s standards. -
Mel Mcweeney – Curriculum Vitae Education
Mel McWeeney – Curriculum Vitae Last updated: 13 Jul 2009 Address: 136 Teffia Park, Longford. Tel: (043) 3347697 SMS: 085 1371515 Updated CV@: http://geocities.com/mmcweeney/ Skype: [email protected] Ekiga: [email protected] eMail (Preferred Contact): [email protected] Drivers License: Irish, Full clean. Objective: To relocate to where I can work within my interests and specialities, exploit my talents and grow my career. Education, Qualifications and Training Awarding body Date Course and Qualification Russian & Slavonic Dept.Trinity College. May 2009 B1: Common European Framework of Reference for Languages(*) Dundalk Institute of Technology 1987 - 1989 National Certificate in Computing (Pass with Merit) Thomond College of Education, Limerick 1985 - 1986 Metal & Engineering Technology (Teacher training). Santa Cruz Organisation (Unix vendor) May 1996 SCO Advanced Certified Engineer, (Unix). Subjects: System Admin., TCP/IP. UUCP, Shell Programming Dell 1993 – 1998 Contemporary technology: PC, Servers, OS, others. Irish Blood Transfusion Service 2000 – 2006 GAMP (Good Automated Manufacturing Processes) VMWare (Virtualisation Vendor) Jul 2008 Employee course: Vсenter Server 3: ESX Server 3.5, vCentre 2.5 (*) http://www.coe.int/ Level B1: Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. Active Projects Name Nature / Goal Status Linux from Scratch Manually build a functional GNU/Linux OS from sources Preliminary build platform complete. -
Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala Facultad De Ingeniería Escuela De Ingeniería En Ciencias Y Sistemas
Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Facultad de Ingeniería Escuela de Ingeniería en Ciencias y Sistemas HERRAMIENTA PARA AUTOMATIZAR LA CREACIÓN DE LIVE CDS PERSONALIZADOS Sergio Arnaldo Méndez Aguilar Asesorado por el Ing. Edgar René Ornelis Hoíl Guatemala, octubre de 2009 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA HERRAMIENTA PARA AUTOMATIZAR LA CREACIÓN DE LIVE CDS PERSONALIZADOS TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN PRESENTADO A JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA POR: SERGIO ARNALDO MÉNDEZ AGUILAR ASESORADO POR EL ING. EDGAR RENÉ ORNELIS HOÍL AL CONFERÍRSELE EL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO EN CIENCIAS Y SISTEMAS GUATEMALA, OCTUBRE DE 2009 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA NÓMINA DE JUNTA DIRECTIVA DECANO Ing. Murphy Olympo Paiz Recinos VOCAL I Inga. Glenda Patricia García Soria VOCAL II Inga. Alba Maritza Guerrero de López VOCAL III Ing. Miguel Ángel Dávila Calderón VOCAL IV Br. José Milton De León Bran VOCAL V Br. Isaac Sultán Mejía SECRETARIA Inga. Marcia Ivónne Véliz Vargas TRIBUNAL QUE PRACTICÓ EL EXAMEN GENERAL PRIVADO DECANO Ing. Murphy Olympo Paiz Recinos EXAMINADOR Ing. Victor Hugo de León Barrios EXAMINADOR Ing. Juan Alvaro Díaz Ardavín EXAMINADOR Ing. Pedro Pablo Hernández Ramírez SECRETARIA Inga. Marcia Ivónne Véliz Vargas ACTO QUE DEDICO A: Dios en primer lugar, por haberme permitido conocerlo en esta universidad y darme una nueva oportunidad, para empezar a cambiar mi vida en mi actuar y en mi forma de pensar. Mis padres y a mi hermana, que me brindaron todo el apoyo posible de acuerdo a sus capacidades, ya que ellos trabajaron muy duro para poder brindarme la oportunidad de lograr finalizar mis estudios universitarios. -
Linux: Come E Perchх
ÄÒÙÜ Ô ©2007 mcz 12 luglio 2008 ½º I 1. Indice II ½º Á ¾º ¿º ÈÖÞÓÒ ½ º È ÄÒÙÜ ¿ º ÔÔÖÓÓÒÑÒØÓ º ÖÒÞ ×ÓרÒÞÐ ÏÒÓÛ× ¾½ º ÄÒÙÜ ÕÙÐ ×ØÖÙÞÓÒ ¾ º ÄÒÙÜ ÀÖÛÖ ×ÙÔÔ ÓÖØØÓ ¾ º È Ð ÖÒÞ ØÖ ÖÓ ÓØ Ù×Ö ¿½ ½¼º ÄÒÙÜ × ÒרÐÐ ¿¿ ½½º ÓÑ × ÒרÐÐÒÓ ÔÖÓÖÑÑ ¿ ½¾º ÒÓÒ ØÖÓÚÓ ÒÐ ×ØÓ ÐÐ ×ØÖÙÞÓÒ ¿ ½¿º Ó׳ ÙÒÓ ¿ ½º ÓÑ × Ð ××ØÑ ½º ÓÑ Ð ½º Ð× Ñ ½º Ð Ñ ØÐ ¿ ½º ÐÓ ½º ÓÑ × ÒרÐÐ Ð ×ØÑÔÒØ ¾¼º ÓÑ ÐØØÖ¸ Ø×Ø ÐÖ III Indice ¾½º ÓÑ ÚÖ Ð ØÐÚ×ÓÒ ¿ 21.1. Televisioneanalogica . 63 21.2. Televisione digitale (terrestre o satellitare) . ....... 64 ¾¾º ÐÑØ ¾¿º Ä 23.1. Fotoritocco ............................. 67 23.2. Grafica3D.............................. 67 23.3. Disegnovettoriale-CAD . 69 23.4.Filtricoloreecalibrazionecolori . .. 69 ¾º ×ÖÚ Ð ½ 24.1.Vari.................................. 72 24.2. Navigazionedirectoriesefiles . 73 24.3. CopiaCD .............................. 74 24.4. Editaretesto............................. 74 24.5.RPM ................................. 75 ¾º ×ÑÔ Ô ´ËÐе 25.1.Montareundiscoounapenna . 77 25.2. Trovareunfilenelsistema . 79 25.3.Vedereilcontenutodiunfile . 79 25.4.Alias ................................. 80 ¾º × ÚÓÐ×× ÔÖÓÖÑÑÖ ½ ¾º ÖÓÛ×Ö¸ ÑÐ ººº ¿ ¾º ÖÛÐÐ Ð³ÒØÚÖÙ× Ð ÑØØÑÓ ¾º ÄÒÙÜ ½ ¿¼º ÓÑ ØÖÓÚÖ ÙØÓ ÖÖÑÒØ ¿ ¿½º Ð Ø×ØÙÐ Ô Ö Ð ×ØÓÔ ÄÒÙÜ ¿¾º ´ÃµÍÙÒØÙ¸ ÙÒ ×ØÖÙÞÓÒ ÑÓÐØÓ ÑØ ¿¿º ËÙÜ ÙÒ³ÓØØÑ רÖÙÞÓÒ ÄÒÙÜ ½¼½ ¿º Á Ó Ò ÄÒÙÜ ½¼ ¿º ÃÓÒÕÙÖÓÖ¸ ÕÙ×ØÓ ½¼ ¿º ÃÓÒÕÙÖÓÖ¸ Ñ ØÒØÓ Ô Ö ½½¿ 36.1.Unaprimaocchiata . .114 36.2.ImenudiKonqueror . .115 36.3.Configurazione . .116 IV Indice 36.4.Alcuniesempidiviste . 116 36.5.Iservizidimenu(ServiceMenu) . 119 ¿º ÃÓÒÕÙÖÓÖ Ø ½¾¿ ¿º à ÙÒ ÖÖÒØ ½¾ ¿º à ÙÒ ÐÙ×ÓÒ ½¿½ ¼º ÓÒÖÓÒØÓ ÒרÐÐÞÓÒ ÏÒÓÛ×È ÃÍÙÒØÙ º½¼ ½¿¿ 40.1. -
Redesigning Src2pkg, a Linux Package Creation Toolkit
Redesigning src2pkg, a Linux package creation toolkit Timothy Goya December 4, 2009 Senior Project COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo 2009 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Background 4 2.1 GNU Coding Standards . 4 2.2 CheckInstall . 4 2.3 src2pkg 1.x . 4 3 Description 5 3.1 Flexibility and coupling . 5 3.2 A simple example script . 5 3.3 Other interesting functions . 6 3.4 Modules . 6 3.4.1 Build systems . 6 3.4.2 Sandboxing methods . 7 3.4.3 Package formats . 7 4 Evaluation 7 5 Really Cool Bash Features 8 5.1 /dev/tcp . 8 5.2 Manipulating Binary . 9 5.3 Localization . 9 6 Conclusions 9 2 Acknowledgments Many thanks to Dr. Phillip Nico for his saintly patience and understanding during his time as my senior project advisor. Special thanks to Gilbert Ashley, the author of src2pkg, for his approval and support throughout this redesign. Thanks to Piete Sartain for adminstrating the src2pkg wiki and Drew Ames for the writing much of the great documentation on the src2pkg wiki. I would also like to thank Dr. Alexander Dekhtyar for acting as my advisor for my rst senior project idea. Abstract Package managers ease installation and removal of applications. How- ever, as the name indicates, in order for a package manager to be useful, they need packages created from upstream sources to manage. This is the purpose of src2pkg, a toolkit written in Bash shell script which automates many package creation tasks. src2pkg, however, suers from major de- sign aws that cripple its ability to package some exotic upstream sources. -
Praise for the Official Ubuntu Book
Praise for The Official Ubuntu Book “The Official Ubuntu Book is a great way to get you started with Ubuntu, giving you enough information to be productive without overloading you.” —John Stevenson, DZone Book Reviewer “OUB is one of the best books I’ve seen for beginners.” —Bill Blinn, TechByter Worldwide “This book is the perfect companion for users new to Linux and Ubuntu. It covers the basics in a concise and well-organized manner. General use is covered separately from troubleshooting and error-handling, making the book well-suited both for the beginner as well as the user that needs extended help.” —Thomas Petrucha, Austria Ubuntu User Group “I have recommended this book to several users who I instruct regularly on the use of Ubuntu. All of them have been satisfied with their purchase and have even been able to use it to help them in their journey along the way.” —Chris Crisafulli, Ubuntu LoCo Council, Florida Local Community Team “This text demystifies a very powerful Linux operating system . in just a few weeks of having it, I’ve used it as a quick reference a half dozen times, which saved me the time I would have spent scouring the Ubuntu forums online.” —Darren Frey, Member, Houston Local User Group This page intentionally left blank The Official Ubuntu Book Sixth Edition This page intentionally left blank The Official Ubuntu Book Sixth Edition Benjamin Mako Hill Matthew Helmke Amber Graner Corey Burger With Jonathan Jesse, Kyle Rankin, and Jono Bacon Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. -
Checkinstall
LinuxFocus article number 360 http://linuxfocus.org CheckInstall by Mario M. Knopf (homepage) About the author: Mario enjoys working with Linux, networks Abstract: and security related topics. Checkinstall is utility to automatically build RPM/Debian or Slackware packages from tar.gz source pages. This makes it possible to do a "clean" installation and de−installation of almost any source code tar.gz package. Translated to English _________________ _________________ _________________ by: Mario M. Knopf (homepage) Introduction It often happens that the program which one certainly would like to test, is only available as tar.gz source code (no rpm or Debian package available). In such a case, you download the source package, unpack it and compile it manually. So far, so good. However, what happens if you like to delete the program? The Makefile contains only in very few cases an appropriate routine to uninstall the program. Of course there is the possibility of installing the program into a temporary directory and write down all of the files which were created or modified by the installation for a later removing. But this procedure is painful and very extensive, if programs are frequently compiled from the sources. The tool CheckInstall [1] written by Felipe Eduardo Sánchez Díaz Durán solves this problem. As a rule, you compile and install a GNU Autoconf compliant program under use of the widely known command sequence ./configure && make && make install. The configure shell script attempts to guess correct values for various system−dependent variables, which are used later during the compilation. It checks whether all requirements for compilation are fulfilled and uses those values to create a Makefile in each directory of the package. -
Noprianto Instalasi Pprogramrogram
UTAMA Noprianto Instalasi PProgramrogram eiring dengan semakin banyaknya Linux digunakan, teknologi Syang memudahkan instalasi program di Linux ddii LLinuxinux pun bertambah. Kita akan membahasnya di tulisan ini. Suatu sistem yang solid adalah impian contoh, di sistem berbasis RPM, kita me- sendiri-sendiri. Selain karena alasan tidak semua pengguna komputer. Baik pengguna ngenal program yang dipaketkan sebagai ingin adanya redundansi yang tidak diper- komputer di server besar sampai perangkat fi le dengan ekstensi rpm yang dapat diin- lukan, juga karena kemungkinan terjadinya genggam. Permasalahannya adalah sistem stal. Atau, di sistem berbasis DPKG, kita inkompatibilitas versi pustaka. operasi yang telah terinstal tidak dapat mengenal program yang dipaketkan sebagai Oleh karena itu, sebuah paket barangkali memenuhi kebutuhan semua pengguna. fi le dengan ekstensi .deb. Dan masih banyak akan membutuhkan paket lainnya. Dan, pa- Baik saat pertama penggunaan ataupun di lagi. ket tersebut juga mungkin dibutuhkan oleh waktu yang akan datang. Oleh karena itu, Khususnya di Linux, masalah instalasi paket lainnya. Beberapa package manage- sistem operasi modern mengizinkan insta- program menjadi sangat istimewa karena ment modern sudah mengatasi masalah lasi aplikasi tambahan, baik yang berjalan adanya keinginan untuk mengumpulkan dependency ini, namun sempat menjadi isu sepenuhnya di user space ataupun yang me- semua pustaka di satu atau beberapa tem- yang sangat rumit di beberapa waktu yang nyentuh kernel space. pat yang disepakati bersama. Demikian lalu ataupun di beberapa sistem saat ini. Instalasi program dapat dilakukan juga dengan lokasi executable program. Di Kebutuhan akan versi pustaka yang ber- dengan berbagai cara. Di sistem operasi Linux, kita tidak disarankan untuk menggu- beda-beda juga bisa menjadi masalah besar. -
Linux Installation and Getting Started
Linux Installation and Getting Started Copyright c 1992–1996 Matt Welsh Version 2.3, 22 February 1996. This book is an installation and new-user guide for the Linux system, meant for UNIX novices and gurus alike. Contained herein is information on how to obtain Linux, installation of the software, a beginning tutorial for new UNIX users, and an introduction to system administration. It is meant to be general enough to be applicable to any distribution of the Linux software. This book is freely distributable; you may copy and redistribute it under certain conditions. Please see the copyright and distribution statement on page xiii. Contents Preface ix Audience ............................................... ix Organization.............................................. x Acknowledgments . x CreditsandLegalese ......................................... xii Documentation Conventions . xiv 1 Introduction to Linux 1 1.1 About This Book ........................................ 1 1.2 A Brief History of Linux .................................... 2 1.3 System Features ......................................... 4 1.4 Software Features ........................................ 5 1.4.1 Basic commands and utilities ............................. 6 1.4.2 Text processing and word processing ......................... 7 1.4.3 Programming languages and utilities .......................... 9 1.4.4 The X Window System ................................. 10 1.4.5 Networking ....................................... 11 1.4.6 Telecommunications and BBS software ....................... -
Come Installare Software
http://www.conoscerelinux.it Corso base di Gnu/Linux ± Installare software Prima di iniziare... Prima di partire ad installare un determinato software sotto la nostra distro Gnu/Linux, cerchiamo di vedere se vi è già suddetto software ªpacchettizzatoº per la nostra distro in modo da poterci evitare tante piccole scocciature. Ossia cerca il suddetto software attraverso il gestore di pacchetti della propria distro, come ad esempio: ✔ aptitude per Debian, Ubuntu (evoluzione di apt); ✔ swaret per Slackware; ✔ emerge per Gentoo; ✔ yum per Fedora e Red Hat; ✔ yast per Suse; Ora non staremo a descrivere ogni gestore di pacchetti, poiché vi basta una piccola ricerca sul web per imparare ad utilizzare queste utility in pochi istanti, sia con, sia senza interfacce grafiche. Come installare software Se non avete trovato il software da voi desiderato, già pacchettizzato per la vostra distro, vi toccherà installarvelo da codice sorgente, e questo varie volte può demoralizzare varie persone, soprattutto quelle che si sono avvicinate a Linux da poco. Per installare il software che vi interessa innanzitutto dovrete scaricare i file sorgenti, che generalmente sono compressi (*.zip, *.rar, *.tar, *.tar.bz2, *.tar.gz, *.ace, ecc...), scaricati i file andranno scompattati (decompressi) in una directory. Ora vi dovrete spostare nella directory dove avete scompattato il file e dare il comando ªlsº. Nel 99% dei casi all©interno della directory c©è un file che si chiama README o INSTALL (scritti in maiuscolo) i quali contengono la spiegazione di ciò che il programma fa e le istruzioni per installare il suddetto programma. Nel caso non vi siano i sopracitati file, la procedura generale da avviare è: ./configure che crea il il cosiddetto makefile il quale passa al comando make tutti i parametri e le librerie necessarie per eseguire la compilazione del programma. -
Linux Administrators Security Guide LASG - 0.1.0
Linux Administrators Security Guide LASG - 0.1.0 By Kurt Seifried ([email protected]) copyright 1999, All rights reserved. Available at: https://www.seifried.org/lasg/ This document is free for most non commercial uses, the license follows the table of contents, please read it if you have any concerns. If you have any questions email [email protected]. If you want to receive announcements of new versions of the LASG please send a blank email with the subject line “subscribe” (no quotes) to [email protected]. 1 Table of contents License Preface Forward by the author Contributing What this guide is and isn't How to determine what to secure and how to secure it Safe installation of Linux Choosing your install media It ain't over 'til... General concepts, server verses workstations, etc Physical / Boot security Physical access The computer BIOS LILO The Linux kernel Upgrading and compiling the kernel Kernel versions Administrative tools Access Telnet SSH LSH REXEC NSH Slush SSL Telnet Fsh secsh Local YaST sudo Super Remote Webmin Linuxconf COAS 2 System Files /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/groups /etc/gshadow /etc/login.defs /etc/shells /etc/securetty Log files and other forms of monitoring sysklogd / klogd secure-syslog next generation syslog Log monitoring logcheck colorlogs WOTS swatch Kernel logging auditd Shell logging bash Shadow passwords Cracking passwords Jack the ripper Crack Saltine cracker VCU PAM Software Management RPM dpkg tarballs / tgz Checking file integrity RPM dpkg PGP MD5 Automatic updates RPM AutoRPM