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Uluslararası Ders Kitapları Ve Eğitim Materyalleri Dergisi
Uluslararası Ders Kitapları ve Eğitim Materyalleri Dergisi The Effect of Artifiticial Intelligence on Society and Artificial Intelligence the View of Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Film (I.A.) İpek Sucu İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, Reklam Tasarımı ve İletişim Bölümü ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Consumption of produced, quick adoption of discovery, parallel to popularity, our interest in new and different is at the top; We live in the age of technology. A sense of wonder and satisfaction that mankind has existed in all ages throughout human history; it was the key to discoveries and discoveries. “Just as the discovery of fire was the most important invention in the early ages, artificial intelligence is also the most important project of our time.” (Aydın and Değirmenci, 2018: 25). It is the nature of man and the nearby brain. It is Z Artificial Intelligence ”technology. The concept of artificial intelligence has been frequently mentioned recently. In fact, I believe in artificial intelligence, the emergence of artificial intelligence goes back to ancient times. Various artificial intelligence programs have been created and robots have started to be built depending on the technological developments. The concepts such as deep learning and natural language processing are also on the agenda and films about artificial intelligence. These features were introduced to robots and the current concept of “artificial intelligence was reached. In this study, the definition, development and applications of artificial intelligence, the current state of artificial intelligence, the relationship between artificial intelligence and new media, the AI Artificial Intelligence (2001) film will be analyzed and evaluated within the scope of the subject and whether the robots will have certain emotions like people. -
Mathematical Induction - a Miscellany of Theory, History and Technique
Mathematical Induction - a miscellany of theory, history and technique Theory and applications for advanced secondary students Part 4 Peter Haggstrom This work is subject to Copyright. It is a chapter in a larger work. You can however copy this chapter for educational purposes under the Statutory License of the Copyright Act 1968 - Part VB For more information [email protected] Copyright 2009 [email protected] The building blocks of Gödelʼs Theorem The foundations of Gödel’s Theorem (ie his undecidability theorem) are to be found in about 50 papers contained in a book by Jean van Heijenoort:, “From Frege to Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879 - 1931”. Every serious logic student has read this book. Van Heijenoort is worth mentioning even if only for his colourful past which is described by Benjamin H Yandell in his book “The Honors Class: Hilbert’s Problems and Their Solvers”, A K Peters, 2002, page 66. I quote in full: “ I assumed van Heijenoort was merely a logician as I gratefully pored over his book and was astounded when I learned that as a young man, in the 1930s, he had followed Leon Trotsky from Turkey to France to Norway to Mexico, as his body guard and secretary. Anita Feferman’s ”From Trotsky to Gödel”: The Life of Jean van Heijenoort” tells van Heijenoort’s remarkable story. Trotsky and his camp were pursued by Stalinist agents; van Heijenoort always packed a gun. Van Heijenoort had an affair with an artist Frida Kahlo. He epitomized cool and was attractive to women, and this continued even after he became a logician, He had grown tired of the rigors of life with Trotsky and traveled to New York in 1939 on a somewhat vague mission. -
Machine Learning
Graham Capital Management Research Note, September 2017 Machine Learning Erik Forseth1, Ed Tricker2 Abstract Machine learning is more fashionable than ever for problems in data science, predictive modeling, and quantitative asset management. Developments in the field have revolutionized many aspects of modern life. Nevertheless, it is sometimes difficult to understand where real value ends and speculative hype begins. Here we attempt to demystify the topic. We provide a historical perspective on artificial intelligence and give a light, semi-technical overview of prevailing tools and techniques. We conclude with a brief discussion of the implications for investment management. Keywords Machine learning, AI 1Quantitative Researcher 2Head of Research and Development 1. Introduction by the data they are fed—which attempt to find a solution to some mathematical optimization problem. There remains a Machine Learning is the study of computer algorithms that vast gulf between the space of tasks which can be formulated improve automatically through experience. in this way, and the space of tasks that require, for example, – Tom Mitchell (1997) reasoning or abstract planning. There is a fundamental divide Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as one of the most between the capability of a computer model to map inputs to exciting areas of research across nearly every dimension of outputs, versus our own human intelligence [Chollet (2017)]. contemporary digital life. From medical diagnostics to recom- In grouping these methods under the moniker “artificial in- mendation systems—such as those employed by Amazon or telligence,” we risk imbuing them with faculties they do not Netflix—adaptive computer algorithms have radically altered have. -
Everybody Is Talking About Virtual Assistants, but How Are Users Really Using Them?
Everybody is talking about Virtual Assistants, but how are users really using them? 32nd Human Computer Interaction Conference, July 2018 Dr Marta Pérez García Sarita Saffon López Héctor Donis https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2018.96 Everybody is talking about Virtual Assistants, but how are users really using them? The 2010s arrived focusing on algorithms of machine learning by enabling computers to have access to large Abstract amounts of data, which comes back to what was expected in the 1950s (Samuel, 1959; Koza, 1996). This Voice activated virtual assistants are growing rapidly in kind of application through a simplified interaction in number, variety and visibility, driven by media coverage, games and hobbies is what enabled the adoption of AI corporate communications, and inclusion in a growing at a user level. What is happening with AI variety of devices. This trend can also be observed by implementation today on our daily basis then? One of how difficult it is becoming to find, among internet many examples of our closest and most frequent users, people who have not used or even heard of this interactions with it is the virtual personal assistants new technology. Having said this, there is a visible (Arafa and Mamdani, 2000). shortage of academic research on this topic. Therefore, in the interest of creating a knowledge base around Regardless of the wave of technology adoption with voice activated virtual assistants based on artificial virtual assistants, little has been written in academia intelligence, this multi-country exploratory research about it so that theory can be built upon. Most study was carried out. -
Logic and Ontology
Logic and Ontology Nino B. Cocchiarella Abstract A brief review of the historical relation between logic and ontology and of the opposition between the views of logic as language and logic as calculus is given. We argue that predication is more fundamental than membership and that di¤erent theories of predication are based on di¤erent theories of universals, the three most important being nominalism, conceptualism, and realism. These theories can be formulated as formal ontologies, each with its own logic, and compared with one another in terms of their respective explanatory powers. After a brief survey of such a comparison, we argue that an extended form of conceptual realism provides the most coherent formal ontology and, as such, can be used to defend the view of logic as language. Logic, as Father Bochenski observed, developed originally out of dialectics, rules for discussion and reasoning, and in particular rules for how to argue suc- cessfully.1 Aristotle, one of the founders of logic in western philosophy, described such rules in his Topics, where logic is presented in this way. Indeed, the idea of logic as the art of arguing was the primary view of this subject in ancient philos- ophy. It was defended in particular by the Stoics, who developed a formal logic of propositions, but conceived of it only as a set of rules for arguing.2 Aristotle was the founder not only of logic in western philosophy, but of ontol- ogy as well, which he described in his Metaphysics and the Categories as a study of the common properties of all entities, and of the categorial aspects into which they can be analyzed. -
A Leibnizian Approach to Mathematical Relationships: a New Look at Synthetic Judgments in Mathematics
A Thesis entitled A Leibnizian Approach to Mathematical Relationships: A New Look at Synthetic Judgments in Mathematics by David T. Purser Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Philosophy ____________________________________ Dr. Madeline M. Muntersbjorn, Committee Chair ____________________________________ Dr. John Sarnecki, Committee Member ____________________________________ Dr. Benjamin S. Pryor, Committee Member ____________________________________ Dr. Patricia Komuniecki, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo December 2009 An Abstract of A Leibnizian Approach to Mathematical Relationships: A New Look at Synthetic Judgments in Mathematics by David T. Purser Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Philosophy The University of Toledo May 2010 I examine the methods of Georg Cantor and Kurt Gödel in order to understand how new symbolic innovations aided in mathematical discoveries during the early 20th Century by looking at the distinction between the lingua characterstica and the calculus ratiocinator in the work of Leibniz. I explore the dynamics of innovative symbolic systems and how arbitrary systems of signification reveal real relationships in possible worlds. Examining the historical articulation of the analytic/synthetic distinction, I argue that mathematics is synthetic in nature. I formulate a moderate version of mathematical realism called modal relationalism. iii Contents Abstract iii Contents iv Preface vi 1 Leibniz and Symbolic Language 1 1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………. 1 1.2 Universal Characteristic……………………………………….. 4 1.2.1 Simple Concepts……………………………………….. 5 1.2.2 Arbitrary Signs………………………………………… 8 1.3 Logical Calculus………………………………………………. 11 1.4 Leibniz’s Legacy……………………………………………… 16 1.5 Leibniz’s Continued Relevance………………………………. -
Todo El Mundo Habla De Los Asistentes Virtuales, Pero ¿Cómo Los Utilizan Realmente Los Usuarios?
Todo el mundo habla de los asistentes virtuales, pero ¿cómo los utilizan realmente los usuarios? 32nd Human Computer Interaction Conference, July 2018 Dr Marta Pérez García Sarita Saffon López Héctor Donis https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2018.96 Todo el mundo habla de los asistentes virtuales, pero ¿cómo los utilizan realmente los usuarios? 1998), que simulaba la capacidad de toma de Resumen decisiones de los humanos. La década de 2010 llegó centrándose en los Los asistentes virtuales activados por voz están algoritmos de aprendizaje automático permitiendo a creciendo rápidamente en número, variedad y los ordenadores tener acceso a grandes cantidades visibilidad, impulsados por la cobertura de los medios, la de datos, retomando lo que se esperaba en la década comunicación corporativa y la integración en una de 1950 (Samuel, 1959; Koza, 1996). Este tipo de mayor variedad de dispositivos. Esta tendencia también aplicación a través de una interacción simplificada se ve probada por el hecho de que resulta difícil con juegos y pasatiempos es lo que permitió la encontrar, entre los usuarios de Internet, a alguien que no haya utilizado ni oído hablar de esta nueva adopción de IA a nivel de usuario. ¿Qué está tecnología. Dicho esto, hay una escasez visible de sucediendo hoy con la implementación de la IA en investigación académica sobre este tema. Por lo tanto, nuestro día a día? Uno de los muchos ejemplos de llevamos a cabo el presente estudio exploratorio de nuestras interacciones más cercanas y frecuentes investigación multinacional en aras de crear una base de con esta son los asistentes personales virtuales (Arafa conocimiento en relación con los asistentes virtuales y Mamdani, 2000). -
How Peircean Was the “'Fregean' Revolution” in Logic?
HOW PEIRCEAN WAS THE “‘FREGEAN’ REVOLUTION” IN LOGIC? Irving H. Anellis Peirce Edition, Institute for American Thought Indiana University – Purdue University at Indianapolis Indianapolis, IN, USA [email protected] Abstract. The historiography of logic conceives of a Fregean revolution in which modern mathematical logic (also called symbolic logic) has replaced Aristotelian logic. The preeminent expositors of this conception are Jean van Heijenoort (1912–1986) and Don- ald Angus Gillies. The innovations and characteristics that comprise mathematical logic and distinguish it from Aristotelian logic, according to this conception, created ex nihlo by Gottlob Frege (1848–1925) in his Begriffsschrift of 1879, and with Bertrand Rus- sell (1872–1970) as its chief This position likewise understands the algebraic logic of Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871), George Boole (1815–1864), Charles Sanders Peirce (1838–1914), and Ernst Schröder (1841–1902) as belonging to the Aristotelian tradi- tion. The “Booleans” are understood, from this vantage point, to merely have rewritten Aristotelian syllogistic in algebraic guise. The most detailed listing and elaboration of Frege’s innovations, and the characteristics that distinguish mathematical logic from Aristotelian logic, were set forth by van Heijenoort. I consider each of the elements of van Heijenoort’s list and note the extent to which Peirce had also developed each of these aspects of logic. I also consider the extent to which Peirce and Frege were aware of, and may have influenced, one another’s logical writings. AMS (MOS) 2010 subject classifications: Primary: 03-03, 03A05, 03C05, 03C10, 03G27, 01A55; secondary: 03B05, 03B10, 03E30, 08A20; Key words and phrases: Peirce, abstract algebraic logic; propositional logic; first-order logic; quantifier elimina- tion, equational classes, relational systems §0. -
Georg Kreisel Correspondence with Jean Van Heijenoort
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c84q7wxh No online items Guide to the Georg Kreisel Correspondence with Jean van Heijenoort Daniel Hartwig Stanford University. Libraries.Department of Special Collections and University Archives Stanford, California October 2010 Copyright © 2015 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. Note This encoded finding aid is compliant with Stanford EAD Best Practice Guidelines, Version 1.0. Guide to the Georg Kreisel SC0233 1 Correspondence with Jean van Heijenoort Overview Call Number: SC0233 Creator: Kreisel, Georg, 1923- Title: Georg Kreisel correspondence with Jean van Heijenoort Dates: 1949-1981 Physical Description: 6 Linear feet Summary: Correspondence, notes, memoranda, articles and other materials by Professor Georg Kreisel, sent to his colleague, Professor J. van Heijenoort of Harvard University. Includes some correspondence with other colleagues. Language(s): The materials are in English. Repository: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford, CA 94305-6064 Email: [email protected] Phone: (650) 725-1022 URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Gift of J. van Heijenoort, 1981. Information about Access This collection is open for research. Ownership & Copyright All requests to reproduce, publish, quote from, or otherwise use collection materials must be submitted in writing to the Head of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, California 94304-6064. Consent is given on behalf of Special Collections as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission from the copyright owner. Such permission must be obtained from the copyright owner, heir(s) or assigns. -
Bio-Bibliographical Sketch of Jean Van Heijenoort
Lubitz’ TrotskyanaNet Jean Van Heijenoort Bio-Bibliographical Sketch Contents: Basic biographical data Biographical sketch Selective bibliography Sidelines, notes on archives Basic biographical data Name: Jean Van Heijenoort Other names (by-names, pseud. etc.): Alex Barbon ; Jacques Carton ; García Cestero ; Jarvis Gerland ; J.v.H. ; Vladimir Ivlev ; John ; Marcel Letourneur ; Daniel Logan ; Marc Loris ; K.M. ; M. Marcel ; Karl Mayer ; Karl Meyer ; Jean Rebel ; V. ; Van ; Jean Louis Maxime Van Heijenoort ; John Van Heijenoort ; Jean Vannier ; Ann Vincent ; J. Walter Wind ; Windy Date and place of birth: July 23, 1912, Creil (France) Date and place of death: March 29, 1986, México, D.F. (México) Nationality: French ; USA Occupations, careers: Professor of philosophy, mathematician, logician, archivist, writer, editor, translator, secretary, political activist Time of activity in Trotskyist movement: 1931 - 1948 Biographical sketch Jean Van Heijenoort was undoubtedly one of the most distinguished and devoted persons who shared the Trotskyist movement: first a secretary and bodyguard to Trotsky, then a secretary of the Fourth International and eventually one of the most eminent scholars in the field of modern mathematics and history of logic. His remark- able and quite extraordinary itinerary has been described and appraised by various renowned historians and scholars such as Pierre Broué or Irving H. Anellis, and a rich book-length biography about him from Anita B. Feferman's pen has been available since 19931. Jean (Louis Maxime) Van Heijenoort was born in Creil (Département Oise, France) on July 23, 1912 as son of a working-class family: his father was Jean Théodore Didier van Heijenoort (b. 1885), a Dutchman who had immigrated to France, and his mother was Charlotte Hélène Balagny (b. -
Leibniz and Kant
A NEW INTERPRETATION OF LEIBNIZ’S PROJECT FOR CHARACTERISTICA UNIVERSALIS 1. Opening The task of this paper is to give a new, catholic interpretation of Leibniz’s concept of characteristica universalis. In § 2 we shall see that in different periods of his development, Leibniz defined this concept differently. He introduced it as “philosophical characteristic” in 1675,1 elaborated it further as characteristica universalis in 1679, and worked on it at least until 1690.2 Secondly, we shall see (in § 3) that in the last 130 years or so, different philosophers have advanced projects similar to that of Leibniz, not always referring to him, at that. These very projects, we claim, threw some light on what Leibniz idea of characteristica universalis could be; or, in more positive sense, on how could it be reconstructed in a more workable way. Un- fortunately, they failed to answer the question what exactly Leibniz’s philosophy was. Finally, despite the fact that Leibniz’s concept of characteristica universalis impressed generations of philosophers who tried to make sense of it, the result is that in the more than 300 years after it was introduced, it was never used in the scale its author dreamed of. This fact sets out the next objective which we are going to pursue in this paper: we shall try to find out (in §§ 4 and 5) how this concept can be interpreted in more practical form. The first to clearly state this task was Frege. In the Preface to the Conceptual Notation, he noted: “[Leibniz’s] idea of a universal characteristic, a calculus philosophicus or ratiocinator, was too ambitious for the effort to realize it to go beyond the mere preparatory steps. -
A HEURISTIC SEARCH for COMMERCIAL and MANAGEMENT SCIENCE APPLICATIONS By
A TIFICIAL INTELLIGEN CE- A HEURISTIC SEARCH FOR COMMERCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE APPLICATIONS by Philip A. Cooper B.S., Syracuse University (1973) SUBMITTED TO THE ALFRED P. SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 1984 1 Philip A. Cooper 1984 The author hereby grants to M.I.T. permission to reDroduce and to distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author:.... ''*--^ P. Sloan School of Management 7 May 4, 1984 Certified by: John Henderson Thesis Supervisor Accepted by Alan F. White Director of Executive Education - 1 - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE- A HEURISTIC SEARCH FOR COMMERCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE APPLICATIONS By PHILIP A. COOPER Submitted to the Alfred P. Sloan School of Management on May 4, 1983 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Management ABSTRACT This thesis seeks to examine the rapidly growing and influential area of computer science called Artificial Intelligence; with a view towards providing a perspective on the field's: - Historical context - Anthropology and morphology - What may we reasonably expect it to do A businessman's perspective is taken throughout the thesis. The underlying question are: Is the techonology ready to be commercialized and what will the criteria be for successful products. Key issues in Artificial Intelligence are defined and discussed. Prospective product areas are identified, and desireable system attributes are put forth. Finally, moral and ethical question are examined. Thesis Supervisor: John Henderson Title: Associate Professor of Management Science - 2 - Acknowledgements The author would like to express his appreciation to the following people for their special contributions which made this epistle possible.