DOCSLIB.ORG

Strengthening Civil Society and Community of Practice

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strengthening Civil Society and Community of Practice THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL BOR WORN; Home, temple and School (HTS) Organisation: The Learning Organisation in the Communities of Thailand being a Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Hull by Ariya Brahmasubha B.Ed., Ramkhamhaeng University, Thailand, 1988 M.A., Mahidol University, Thailand, 1995 Postgraduate Diploma in Research Training, University of Hull, UK, 2008 May 2012 ABSTRACT This study investigates BOR WORN-HTS Organisation as a learning organisation which is the way to provide knowledge, education and learning to the community and also transfer Thai local knowledge and culture to the next generations to achieve the goals for learning and strengthening the community with knowledge and morality. This study is a qualitative research in cultural anthropology. An ethnographic research method with unstructured interviewing and participant observation were used to gather qualitative data from four communities in rural areas across Thailand where HTS organisation has been operating and is still alive. The gathered information is presented in four main themes (BOR WORN-HTS Organisation, OL/LO, LIC, and TLK&CT. The community of practice was the research concept used to analyse data, together with qualitative document analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the HTS Organisation has been in Thailand for many years. It is an ideal organisation that represents the collaboration between people from three main institutions in the community; home, temple and school. HTS Organisation occurs automatically in the social context when the members of the community come to take part in the activities created by three mains institutions (H-T-S). The people participate in community activities for two reasons: because; they respect their religion so try i to sustain and carry its values on to the future generation and because they trust and believe in an individual person such as a monk or community leader. HTS Organisation is a learning organisation (LO). The learning process, both individual and social learning, as well as global knowledge and local knowledge (OL), happens when members of an organisation join together in community activity. Theory of learning and social practice in communities of practice is the fundamental process of HTS. Thus, HTS Organisation acts as a community of practice in a unique combination of three fundamental elements: the domain, the community and the practice. HTS Organisation encourages people of all ages to communicate, participate and create learning processes within the social context and apply the concept of communities of practice as a management tool to explore and help people to achieve the expected outcomes of the community, that is, learning and strengthening community and maintain the national heritage in Thai society and transmitting it to the further generations. As a result, application of the concept of HTS Organisation brings many benefits while needing little investment. The advantages of the HTS Organisation are not only the benefit for the community (knowledge based society, well-being, strengthening, sufficiency economy and sustainable community) but it is also good for people, especially the country’s children and youths, who have great potential in the future to be skilled, talented, proficient people and be filled with knowledge and morality or Kwam Roo Koo Kun-Na-Tham. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My long journey to study for a PhD in the UK could not have been finished without much spiritual support assistance, and advice from many people who have helped me in all kinds of ways. First and foremost, I would like to express my appreciation to the Ministry of Science and Technology and King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) in Thailand for giving me a great opportunity to do my PhD and supporting my study at the University of Hull. I have to express my deep respect and gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Denise Thursfield, for her encouragement, guidance and support throughout my study. Her kindness and generosity are always in my heart. I would like, furthermore, to express my gratitude to all residents of my fieldwork areas: Na Isan, Bo Saen, Chaem Luang and Pong Kham Community, both monks and lay, particularly Por Liam, Phra Nikom, Phra Ajan Somkid, P’Tui and Chi, whose cooperation made my fieldwork and experience both fruitful and memorable. I am also indebted to all people from HTS institute both in Thailand and the UK. All my teachers from Smiththichote School, Sarawithaya School, Narathiwat Nursing College, Ramkhamhaeng University, Mahidol University in Thailand and University of Hull, UK who gave me all kind of knowledge and experience. iii My special thanks also go to my family and relatives: the Indamra and Brahmasubha Families, my friends in Thailand especially P’Visa, P’Suwanna, Aj. Krissanapong, Aj. Kesara, Aj. Wanida, P’Sunit, Ampika, Krissana, Kittiya, Wandee, Montipa, Pook Benjawan, Boonraksa, Kitti Phangnga for their warm and welcome support at all times. It was a wonderful experience to study and live in Hull, UK. It is a pleasure to special thanks all of my friends in Hull particularly Nat Thanatklao, P’Khemthong, Pukky, Dr.Bird Piyawat, Nooch Thanaphan and Gary, Dr.Geetha, Kathryn, Gwynneth, and Siam Star Thai Restaurant at Beverley for their friendship and encouragement. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my dearest mother, Mae Aew-Mrs. Janya Indamra and my beloved brother, Ant-Mr. Tossaporn Indamra, for their unconditional love, prayers, inspiration, support and encouragement. I also have to thanks my husband’s parents, Por Umpon, and Mae Kisri Brahmasubha, for their love and support. Lastly but most gratefully, I am particularly indebted to my wonderful husband, Kong-Mr. Kasemson Brahmasubha, for his love and care, trust, being patient, supportive, sharing of thought, sadness and happiness with me. Thanks for standing by me, from the depth of my heart. Most of all, you are my endless love and your love puts me at the top of the world. May all of you be blessed with happiness and prosperity by the grace of the Triple Gem (Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha) iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES xv LIST OF FIGURES xvi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 I. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1 II. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 3 III. AIMS, OBJECTIVES, RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND METHODOLOGY 11 A. Aims and Objectives 11 B. Research Questions 13 C. Research Methodology 13 IV. DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF TECHNICAL TERMS 14 V. STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS 15 v CONCLUSION 17 CHAPTER 2 THEORIES OF LEARNING IN ORGANISATION: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 18 INTRODUCTION 18 I. THEORIES OF LEARNING IN ORGANISATION 19 A. Individual Learning Theory (ILT) or Cognitive Learning Theory 20 B. Social Learning Theory and Situated Learning 21 C. The Relationship between the Individual and the Organisation in Organisational learning 25 D. BOR WORN and Theories of Learning 27 II. ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING (OL) AND THE LEARNING ORGANISATION (LO) IN SOCIAL CONTEXT 31 A. Organisational Learning (OL) and the Learning Organisation (LO) 34 1. What is Organisational Learning (OL)? 34 2. The Learning Organisation 37 3. The Relationship between OL/LO 40 B. OL/LO in HTS Organisation 42 III. COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE (CoPs) 46 A. Communities of Practice (CoPs) 46 B. HTS and CoPs; How did CoPs shape this Study? 51 IV. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND MODEL OF HTS ORGANISATION 52 vi CONCLUSION 55 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 56 INTRODUCTION 56 I. RESEARCH OVERVIEW: RESEARCH PROCESS 57 A. Research Paradigm: Interpretivist Paradigm 58 B. Research Approaches: Qualitative /Inductive Approach 61 1. Interpretive / Qualitative Approach 62 2. Inductive Approach 64 C. Research Strategy: Ethnographic Research 65 1. Ethnographic Research / Cultural Anthropology 66 D. Data Collection Method 69 1. The Researcher‘s Role 69 2. Documentary Sources 71 3. Unstructured Interviewing or In-Depth Interview 74 4. Participant Observation 76 E. Data Analysis Method 79 II. RESEARCH FIELDWORK 82 vii A. Study Areas and Key Informants Selection 82 1. Na Isan Community (NI), Chachoengsao Province 82 2. Bo Saen Community (BS), Phang Nga Province 84 3. Chaem Luang Community (CL), Chiang Mai Province 85 4. Pong Kham Community (PK), Nan Province 86 B. Data Collection in the Study Areas 87 1. Unstructured interviewing in the Study Areas 87 2. Participant Observation in Study Areas 89 CONCLUSION 94 CHAPTER 4 BOR WORN: HOME, TEMPLE AND SCHOOL ORGANISATION (HTS) 95 INTRODUCTION 95 I. BORWORN-HTS ORGANISATION IN THAILAND 95 A. Home (H; BAN): Family and Political Institution 97 B. Buddhist Temple (T; WAT): Religious Institution 102 C. School (S; Rong Rian): Educational Institution 106 II. BOR WORN-HTS ORGANISATION IN THE STUDY AREAS 111 A. Na Isan Community (NI), Chachoengsao Province 111 viii 1. Ban Na Isan (Home Institution) 111 2. Na Isan Monastery, Wat Na Yao, Wat Thung Heang (Temple Institution)115 3. Ban Na Isan Border Patrol Police School and Royal High School Na Yao (School Institution) 117 4. Na Isan HTS Organisation (Thai Isan-Buddhism Community) 119 B. Bo Saen Community (BS), Phang Nga Province 123 1. Tambon Bo Saen (Home Institution) 123 2. The Masjids (Mosque Institution) 126 3. Ban Bo Saen School, Tarbiah Islamiah School (School Institution) 129 4. Bo Saen HMS Organisation (Thai Muslim Community) 132 C. Chaem Luang Community (CL), Chiang Mai Province 135 1. Amphoe Galyni Wadhana (Home Institution) 135 2. Buddhist Temples and Christianity Churches (Temple Institution) 140 3. Schools in Chaem Luang Community (School Institution) 142 4. Chaem Luang HTS and HCS Organisation (Buddhist Karen and Christianity Karen Community) 145 D. Pong Kham Community (PK), Nan Province 147 1. Ban Pong Kham (Home Institution) 147 2. Wat Pong Kham (Temple Institution) 151 3. Ban Pong Kham School (School Institution) 153 4. The Relationship between HTS Organisation (Thai Lanna and Buddhist Community) 154 III.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Business Etiquette, Language & Culture
    Business etiquette, language & culture Page 1 of 5 Business etiquette, language & culture Overview Khmer is the official language of Cambodia and is used by roughly 90% of the population. Due to the past colonial rule by France, a number of French words exist in the language. However, English is not widely understood, particularly amongst the older generation and in rural areas. Business cards should be translated into Cambodian and printed in English on one side and Cambodian on the other. Use the services of a professional translator (rather than translating online) – a list of translators and interpreters has been prepared by the British Embassy Phnom Penh for the convenience of British Nationals who may require these services and assistance in Cambodia, at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cambodia-list-of-translators-and- interpreters. As in China, business cards should be given and received with both hands and studied carefully. This is particularly important when dealing with Cambodia’s ethnic Chinese minority, many of whom hold influential positions in the country’s business community. The Cambodian culture is conservative and hierarchical, and Theravada Buddhism is practiced by 95% of the population. Followers adhere to the concept of collectivism – the idea that the family, neighbourhood and society is more important than the wishes of the individual – and as in many Asian cultures the sense of ‘face’ is also considered paramount. Consequently you should avoid causing public embarrassment, not lose your temper in public and strive to maintain a sense of harmony. As a sign of respect for western customs, handshakes are the norm between men, but it is not uncommon to greet women with the “Sampeah” – the placing of palms together in a prayer-like position at chest level, with a slight bow of the head.
    [Show full text]
  • (Unofficial Translation) Order of the Centre for the Administration of the Situation Due to the Outbreak of the Communicable Disease Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) No
    (Unofficial Translation) Order of the Centre for the Administration of the Situation due to the Outbreak of the Communicable Disease Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) No. 1/2564 Re : COVID-19 Zoning Areas Categorised as Maximum COVID-19 Control Zones based on Regulations Issued under Section 9 of the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situations B.E. 2548 (2005) ------------------------------------ Pursuant to the Declaration of an Emergency Situation in all areas of the Kingdom of Thailand as from 26 March B.E. 2563 (2020) and the subsequent 8th extension of the duration of the enforcement of the Declaration of an Emergency Situation until 15 January B.E. 2564 (2021); In order to efficiently manage and prepare the prevention of a new wave of outbreak of the communicable disease Coronavirus 2019 in accordance with guidelines for the COVID-19 zoning based on Regulations issued under Section 9 of the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situations B.E. 2548 (2005), by virtue of Clause 4 (2) of the Order of the Prime Minister No. 4/2563 on the Appointment of Supervisors, Chief Officials and Competent Officials Responsible for Remedying the Emergency Situation, issued on 25 March B.E. 2563 (2020), and its amendments, the Prime Minister, in the capacity of the Director of the Centre for COVID-19 Situation Administration, with the advice of the Emergency Operation Center for Medical and Public Health Issues and the Centre for COVID-19 Situation Administration of the Ministry of Interior, hereby orders Chief Officials responsible for remedying the emergency situation and competent officials to carry out functions in accordance with the measures under the Regulations, for the COVID-19 zoning areas categorised as maximum control zones according to the list of Provinces attached to this Order.
    [Show full text]
  • Intensive Thai Schedule 2020
    INTENSIVE THAI SCHEDULE 2020 Public Holidays 1 Jan New Year's Day 1/2020 2/2020 8 Feb Makha Bucha Day (Buddhist Holiday) JANUARY（1月） FEBRUARY（2月） MARCH（3月） 10 Feb Substitution Day for Makha Bucha Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun 6 Apr Chakri Dynasty Memorial Day 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 13-15 Apr Songkran Festival 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 May Coronation Day 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 May Visakha Bucha Day (Buddhist Holiday) 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 13 May Royal Ploughing Ceremony (to be announced/may be changed) 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 June Her Majesty the Queen's Birthday 4 Jul Asahna Bucha Day (Buddhist Holiday) 2/2020 3/2020 5 Jul Khao Phansa Day (Buddhist Holiday) APRIL（4月） MAY（5月） JUNE（6月） 6 Jul Substitution Day for Asahna Bucha Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun 7 Jul Substitution Day for Khao Phansa Day 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 28 Jul King Vajiralongkorn's Birthday 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 12 Aug Mother's Day 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 Oct Passing of His Majesty the Late King 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 23 Oct Chulalongkorn Memorial Day 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 5 Dec His Majesty the Late King's Birthday 7 Dec Substitution Day for His Majesty the Late King's Birthday 4/2020 5/2020 10 Dec Constitution Day JULY（7月） AUGUST（8月） SEPTEMBER (9月） 31 Dec New Year's Eve Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun วันหยุดราชการ 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 ม.ค.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Risk Factors Leading to Road Accidents: Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
    Catalyst ISSN 2408-137X, Volume 18, 2018 A Study of Risk Factors Leading to Road Accidents: Chachoengsao Province, Thailand Thanasak Kulchamorin and Danai Pattaphongse Abstract The objectives of this research were to study: 1) personal factors of automobile drivers in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand in the target population; 2) their driving behavior; 3) risk factors influencing the chance of having an accident; 4) measures used to avoid or reduce the impact of an accident; and 5) their attitudes towards both controllable and uncontrollable driving risks based upon their personal factors. The sample consisted of 400 drivers; statistics used included both descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of respondents were female, married, 36-40 years of age, bachelor degree graduates, and worked for private enterprises. They had non-permanent driver licenses in their possession for 3-5 years and had 10-20 years driving experience. Their overall attitudes towards controllable risk factors showed high scores on a given rating scale. Among controllable risk factors influencing the chance of having an accident, in descending order of magnitude, were violation of a traffic light, violation of a speed limit, texting while driving, and no signal given to other drivers. Uncontrollable risk factors influencing the chance of having an accident, in descending order of magnitude, were drunk driving, driving on damaged roads, driving when the rate of traffic is high, and driving on narrow roads. Keywords: Risk factors, road accidents Introduction Sivak and Schoettle (2014) studied mortality from road crashes in 193 countries, and found that Thailand ranked #2 in the world in terms of the number of people killed (44 deaths per 100,000 persons) in road accidents after Namibia (45 deaths per 100,000 persons).
    [Show full text]
  • Title a Study of Living Conditions in Post-Tsunami Houses: the Case of the Moklen Ethnic Minority in Phang Nga Province, Souther
    A Study of Living Conditions in Post-Tsunami Houses: The Title Case of the Moklen Ethnic Minority in Phang Nga Province, Southern Thailand( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Monsinee, Attavanich Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2016-09-23 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k20040 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University A Study of Living Conditions in Post-Tsunami Houses: The Case of the Moklen Ethnic Minority in Phang Nga Province, Southern Thailand September 2016 Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Doctoral Course in Environmental Management MONSINEE ATTAVANICH A Study of Living Conditions in Post-Tsunami Houses: The Case of the Moklen Ethnic Minority in Phang Nga Province, Southern Thailand A Thesis submitted for the fulfillment of the Doctor Degree of Global Environmental Management by MONSINEE ATTAVANICH Laboratory of Global Environmental Architecture Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University, Japan 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to acknowledge and express my deep appreciation to organizations and people who support and encourage for the completion of this dissertation. Firstly, I would like to give my gratitude to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology of Japan and environmental management Leader Program of Kyoto University for providing scholarship to facilitate my study in the Graduate school of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University; Assoc.Prof. Kobayashi Hirohide, who is the advisor for every support not only for this research but for the future of work. Prof. Okazaki Kenji who is the co-advisor for support and giving not only useful comments but helpful suggestions to improve this research in other perspectives.
    [Show full text]
  • An Updated Checklist of Aquatic Plants of Myanmar and Thailand
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Taxonomic paper An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand Yu Ito†, Anders S. Barfod‡ † University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ‡ Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Corresponding author: Yu Ito ([email protected]) Academic editor: Quentin Groom Received: 04 Nov 2013 | Accepted: 29 Dec 2013 | Published: 06 Jan 2014 Citation: Ito Y, Barfod A (2014) An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Abstract The flora of Tropical Asia is among the richest in the world, yet the actual diversity is estimated to be much higher than previously reported. Myanmar and Thailand are adjacent countries that together occupy more than the half the area of continental Tropical Asia. This geographic area is diverse ecologically, ranging from cool-temperate to tropical climates, and includes from coast, rainforests and high mountain elevations. An updated checklist of aquatic plants, which includes 78 species in 44 genera from 24 families, are presented based on floristic works. This number includes seven species, that have never been listed in the previous floras and checklists. The species (excluding non-indigenous taxa) were categorized by five geographic groups with the exception of to reflect the rich diversity of the countries' floras. Keywords Aquatic plants, flora, Myanmar, Thailand © Ito Y, Barfod A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Beaulieu Antoine 2017 Thesis.Pdf
    Farmers’ Responses to Drivers of Forest Cover Change The Case of Mae Chaem District, Thailand By Antoine Beaulieu Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for the Completion of Requirements to Obtain a Master of Arts in Geography Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Antoine Beaulieu, Ottawa, Canada, 2017 ABSTRACT Empirical forest transition (shift from deforestation to reforestation) literature has historically struggled to establish a single universally-accepted forest transition “theory” due to various knowledge gaps hindering any efforts to do so. One such gap is the fact that very few studies have focused on how and why smallholder farmers respond to commonly accepted forest transition drivers, as well as how these responses impact forest cover and agricultural trends. Also, there remain many parts of the world where forest cover evolution has been insufficiently researched, as is the case of Mae Chaem district (Chiang Mai province, Thailand). Even though there are studies which claim forest loss occurred in the district between the 1990s and mid-2000s, there are few available records of forest cover evolution since then. To address these research needs, this thesis used secondary literature and spatial data, as well as semi-structured interviews and personal observations gathered during fieldwork in Mae Chaem district. It was first determined that forest cover in the district decreased between the 1990s and mid-2010s due to agricultural expansion. However, it appears that forest cover is expected to increase from 2016 to 2021 due to more strictly- enforced conservation measures set in motion by the Mae Chaem Model (a state-sponsored sustainable development model).
    [Show full text]
  • Map of Mae Hong Son & Khun Yuam District Directions
    1 ชุดฝึกทักษะการอ่านภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อความเข้าใจ ส าหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 4 เรื่อง Welcome to Khun Yuam เล่ม 1 How to Get to Khun Yuam ค าแ นะน าในการใช้ ช ุด ฝ ึ ก ทักษะส าหรั บ ค ร ู เมื่อครูผู้สอนได้น าชุดฝึกทักษะไปใช้ควรปฏิบัติ ดังนี้ 1. ทดสอบความรู้ก่อนเรียน เพอื่ วดั ความรู้พ้นื ฐานของนกั เรียนแตล่ ะคน 2. ดา เนินการจดั กิจกรรมการเรียนการสอน โดยใช้ชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั กฤษเพื่อความ เข้าใจ ควบคูไ่ ปกบั แผนการจดั การเรียนรู้ ช้นั มธั ยมศึกษาปีที่ 4 3. หลงั จากไดศ้ ึกษาเน้ือหาแลว้ ใหน้ กั เรียน ตอบคา ถามเพอื่ ประเมินความรู้แตล่ ะเรื่อง 4. ควรใหน้ กั เรียนปฏิบตั ิกิจกรรมตามชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั กฤษเพื่อความเข้าใจ โดยครูดูแลและใหค้ า แนะนา อยา่ งใกลช้ ิด 5. ใหน้ กั เรียนตรวจสอบคา เฉลยทา้ ยเล่ม เมื่อนกั เรียนทา กิจกรรมตามชุดฝึกทักษะจบแล้วเพื่อ ทราบผลการเรียนรู้ของตนเอง 6. ทดสอบความรู้หลังเรียน หลังจากที่นักเรียนทา ชุดฝึกทักษะจบแล้วด้วยการทาแบบทดสอบ หลังเรียน 7. ใช้เป็นสื่อการสอนสาหรับครู 8. ใช้เป็นแบบเรียนที่ให้นักเรียนได้เรียนรู้ และซ่อมเสริมความรู้ตนเองท้งั ในและนอกเวลาเรียน 2 ชุดฝึกทักษะการอ่านภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อความเข้าใจ ส าหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 4 เรื่อง Welcome to Khun Yuam เล่ม 1 How to Get to Khun Yuam คาแ นะน าในการใช้ชุดฝึ กทักษะส าหรับนักเรียน ชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั กฤษเพื่อความเข้าใจ สา หรับนกั เรียนช้นั มธั ยมศึกษาปีที่ 4 เรื่อง Welcome to Khun Yuam เล่ม 1 เรื่อง How to Get to Khun Yuam จานวน 3 ชว่ั โมง คาชี้แจง ใหน้ กั เรียนปฏิบตั ิตามข้นั ตอนดงั น้ี 1. ศึกษารายละเอียดลักษณะของชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั กฤษเพอื่ ความเข้าใจ พร้อม ท้งั ปฏิบตั ิตามข้นั ตอนในแตล่ ะหนา้ 2. นักเรียนทา ชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Tourist Site Potential and Application of Environmental
    $4.60 ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST SITE POTENTIAL AND APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SRI NAN NATIONAL PARK. NAN PROVINCE Miss Tatsanawalai Utarasakul A Dissertation submitted in Partial Futfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorof Philosophy program in Environmentalscience (l nterdisciplinary Program) Graduate School Chulalongkom Univeaity Academic Year 2007 Copyright of Chutatongkom University I I Ts8T0g BpwrornBlusu lurttL]o3gt u3g 0992 truEstuE B-u rBraEL nBps u suurL BpmrEU g?ulr (ulguruunu) Bopuonlgu ury rBrrgrsEr3ru u grug[nUsu Eru r BrrErfu fu gnru SupnnwunuBsru ]gr]pnncpnErpgnrEmr g ulrusureU Bpcmr1tcrt ]m nqru!n*, nqql, Er3lpnnunuunlu orss gl oBpl lolrsLuLnrulBru opl Bopu cnlgsru U1^ruu nn:cy uh:c Juru: un cBpt $qrlpnnlonrwnugn$:sFsru Thesis Title ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST SITE POTENTIAL AND APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SRINAN NATIONAL PARK. NAN PROVINCE By Miss Tatsanawalai Utarasakul Field of Study Environmental Science Thesis Advisor Associate Professor Kumthorn Thirakhupt, Ph.D. Thesis Co-advisor Assistant Professor Art-ong Pradatsundarasar, Ph.D. Accepted by the Graduate School, Chulalongkorn Universig in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctoral Degree htTfi: Dean of the Graduate School (A.ssistant Professor M.R. Kalaya Tingsabadh.Ph.D.) THESIS COMMITTEE e. 1,6 ;. ;.h.r4p. :l.|- .... ... chairman (Assistant Professor Chamwit Kositanont. Ph.D.) Thesis Advisor (Associate Professor Kumthom Thirakhupt. Ph.D. ) ?d"b Thesis Co-advisor (Assistant Professor Art-ong Pradatsundarasar. Ph.D.) it* ExternalMember Member (Associate Professor Thavivongse Sriburi, Ph.D.) It.. i-' ....(?....:.. LEs t i rt09 r'*u bt ssgognt u s ;'a,li; i! ;;,;; tif 91 Ellst tnugsuup ......St-.:"g.....::gnp*tbr,sspeEBuu""""""""""""ossz" U n*Upi,6n6p}u BuJuBnE....
    [Show full text]
  • Muang Nan Municipality Safe Community Thailand
    Application to the World Health Organization, Collaborating Center on Community Safety Promotion for the Designation of Muang Nan Municipality Safe Community Thailand As a Member of the International Safe Community Network Contents Congratulation messages 3 General Information 1. Introduction 6 2. About Nan Province 7 3. Background of Muang Nan Municipality Safe Community 8 4. The Commencement and process of Community 13 Indicators for International Safe Community 1. An infrastructure based on partnership and collaborations, 17 governed by a cross- sectional group that is responsible for safety promotion in their community 1.1 Working Group of Safe Community 17 1.2 Collaborations and Networks 19 1.3 Financial Support 19 1.4 Media and Communication 19 2. Long-term, sustainable programs covering both genders and all 22 ages, environments, and situations 2.1 Programs for different age groups 23 2.2 Road Safety 26 2.3 Drowning Prevention 30 2.4 Improvement of Emergency Response, Disaster Prevention 33 and First Aid Capacity 2.5 Safety and injury prevention during festivals 40 2.6 Safety in Sport and Recreation Safety 45 2.7 Violence and Abuse Prevention 46 2.8 Food and Product Safety 48 2.9 Home Safety 51 2.10 Occupational Safety 52 2.11 Others in associated with safety and health promotion 53 1 3. Programs that target high-risk groups and environments, and 55 programs that promote safety for vulnerable groups 3.1 Child Safety 55 3.2 Elderly Safety 71 3.3 Environmental risk 73 4. Programs that document the frequency and causes of injuries 76 4.1 Injury Record system 76 4.2 Safety Round system 87 4.3 Risk Behavior Record system 88 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women
    University of San Diego Digital USD Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship Department of Theology and Religious Studies 2019 Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women Karma Lekshe Tsomo PhD University of San Diego, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty Part of the Buddhist Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Digital USD Citation Tsomo, Karma Lekshe PhD, "Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women" (2019). Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship. 25. https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty/25 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Section Titles Placed Here | I Out of the Shadows Socially Engaged Buddhist Women Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo SAKYADHITA | HONOLULU First Edition: Sri Satguru Publications 2006 Second Edition: Sakyadhita 2019 Copyright © 2019 Karma Lekshe Tsomo All rights reserved No part of this book may not be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retreival system, without the prior written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations. Cover design Copyright © 2006 Allen Wynar Sakyadhita Conference Poster
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Spatial Patterns and Hotspots of Diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand Nakarin Chaikaew*1, Nitin K Tripathi1 and Marc Souris1,2,3
    International Journal of Health Geographics BioMed Central Research Open Access Exploring spatial patterns and hotspots of diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand Nakarin Chaikaew*1, Nitin K Tripathi1 and Marc Souris1,2,3 Address: 1Remote Sensing and GIS field of study, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand, 2Center for Vector and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand and 3Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Marseille, France Email: Nakarin Chaikaew* - [email protected]; Nitin K Tripathi - [email protected]; Marc Souris - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 24 June 2009 Received: 4 March 2009 Accepted: 24 June 2009 International Journal of Health Geographics 2009, 8:36 doi:10.1186/1476-072X-8-36 This article is available from: http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/8/1/36 © 2009 Chaikaew et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Diarrhea is a major public health problem in Thailand. The Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, has been trying to monitor and control this disease for many years. The methodology and the results from this study could be useful for public health officers to develop a system to monitor and prevent diarrhea outbreaks. Methods: The objective of this study was to analyse the epidemic outbreak patterns of diarrhea in Chiang Mai province, Northern Thailand, in terms of their geographical distributions and hotspot identification.
    [Show full text]