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Estrategias De Migración Del Género Acrocephalus En La Península Ibérica

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Estrategias De Migración Del Género Acrocephalus En La Península Ibérica Estrategias de migración del género Acrocephalus en la Península Ibérica MIREN ANDUEZA OSÉS Tesis Doctoral Doctorado en Biodiversidad, 2014 Directores: Dr. Juan Arizaga Martínez Dr. Emilio Barba Campos Unidad de Vertebrados Terrestres Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva Estrategias de migración del género Acrocephalus en la Península Ibérica Memoria presentada por Miren Andueza Osés para optar al grado de Doctor en Biología Valencia, 2014 Tesis presentada por MIREN ANDUEZA OSÉS para optar al grado de Doctor en Biología por la Universidad de Valencia Fdo. Miren Andueza Osés Tesis dirigida por los Doctores en Biología de la Universidad de Valencia, D. EMILIO BARBA CAMPOS, y de la Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, D. JUAN ARIZAGA MARTÍNEZ Fdo. Dr. Emilio Barba Campo Fdo. Dr. Juan Arizaga Martínez Profesor Titular de Ecología Director Departamento de Ornitología Universidad de Valencia Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi Este trabajo ha sido financiado por una beca del Programa Nacional de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) (referencia AP2009-4252) concedida a MIREN ANDUEZA OSÉS por el Ministerio de Educación del Gobierno de España. Esta Tesis Doctoral se ha realizado en colaboración con la Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi. “The Road goes ever on and on down from the door where it began. Now far ahead the Road has gone, and I must follow, if I can, pursuing it with weary feet, until it joins some larger way, where many paths and errands meet. And whither then? I cannot say” (The Lord of the Rings, J. R. R. Tolkien) Agradecimientos Agradecimientos La culminación de una tesis doctoral implica recorrer un camino largo (muy largo), que en muchas ocasiones resulta solitario. Sin embargo, es imposible llegar al final sin la colaboración y apoyo de numerosas personas. En primer lugar quisiera agradecer a mis directores Juan Arizaga y Emilio Barba su profesionalidad. Sus comentarios me han servido de guía imprescindible en mis peleas con los datos y para exponer adecuadamente los resultados en artículos científicos de calidad, ayudándome a desarrollar una forma de pensar crítica y objetiva. También debo dar las gracias a Daniel Alonso por introducirme en este fascinante mundo de la ornitología allá por 2006, sembrando la inquietud que me llevaría a embarcarme en este proyecto. Cuando se trabaja con fauna salvaje no siempre es fácil obtener datos de calidad. Por ello, agradezco profundamente la dedicación voluntaria de los anilladores de la Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi que ayudaron a poner en marcha la Estación de Esfuerzo Constante de Jaizubia unos años antes de iniciar este proyecto, de forma que al comenzar ya contaba con un lugar de muestreo privilegiado que ofrecía garantías de éxito. Antonio Vilches, Agustín Mendiburu y Rubén Piculo fueron excelentes compañeros a nivel profesional y personal durante las Agradecimientos duras jornadas de campo, en las que compartimos numerosas vicisitudes marismeñas. De entre los voluntarios y anilladores en formación que pasaron por Jaizubia, quiero nombrar especialmente a Xabier Esparza, Maite Laso, Juan Carlos Iriarte, Javi Goikoetxea y Gonzalo Deán pues sin su inestimable ayuda los muestreos de “anillamiento extremo” habrían sido imposibles. A cambio, espero haber aportado mi granito de arena en su formación como anilladores. Íñigo López colaboró una temporada en las labores de radioseguimiento para aprender la técnica, haciendo más ameno el trabajo. Quiero mencionar también a los miembros de la EAT por su buena disposición para echar una mano y a los numerosos anilladores de España y Portugal que quisieron colaborar con este proyecto ayudando así a que ganase relevancia. Durante mi expedición en solitario a Doñana José Luis Arroyo me recibió y me mostró los lugares óptimos de muestreo, facilitándome el trabajo allá. Por último, quisiera agradecer a Ibón Tamayo y a Ariñe Crespo que resolvieran amablemente mis dudas en el manejo de los GIS, y a Edu Belda con el uso de MARK . Para terminar, me gustaría resaltar que la realización de un proyecto de esta magnitud es imposible sin el apoyo familiar. Y no quiero dejar de mencionar a mi bella Perica y a Argi, maravillosos seres, por ofrecerme su compañía incondicional. Ellos han sido mis mejores terapeutas en los momentos difíciles. Índice Índice Capítulo 1. Introducción general .............................................1 1.1. El fenómeno migratorio en las aves .....................................1 1.2. Organización espacial de la migración.................................4 1.2.1. Conectividad entre áreas de cría y de descanso........5 1.2.2. Variación geográfica en las cargas de grasa.............7 1.3. Comportamiento en áreas de descanso.................................9 1.3.1. Factores que influyen en las decisiones de parar y abandonar un área de descanso.................................9 1.3.2. Distribución espacial y selección de hábitat en un área de descanso .....................................................14 1.4. Planteamiento de la tesis ....................................................16 Capítulo 2. Metodología general ............................................21 2.1. Especies de estudio.............................................................21 2.2. Área de estudio...................................................................25 2.3. Metodología general...........................................................32 2.3.1. Captura de aves y obtención de datos biométricos y carga de grasa ................................................................32 2.3.2. Modelos captura-marcaje-recaptura (CMR)...........34 2.3.3. Estimación de la disponibilidad trófica ..................37 2.3.4. Radioseguimiento...................................................38 Índice Capítulo 3. Connectivity in Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus between breeding grounds in Europe and autumn stopover sites in Iberia ..............................................41 3.1. Abstract and keywords/Resumen y palabras clave.............41 3.2. Introduction ........................................................................43 3.3. Methods ..............................................................................47 3.3.1. Study species .......................................................47 3.3.2. Sampling sites and field data...............................48 3.3.3. Biometric analyses...............................................49 3.3.4. Recovery data analyses........................................51 3.4. Results ................................................................................52 3.5. Discussion...........................................................................58 3.6. Acknowledgements ............................................................62 Capítulo 4. Geographic variation in body mass of first- year Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpceus in Iberia.........67 4.1. Abstract and keywords/Resumen y palabras clave.............67 4.2. Introduction ........................................................................70 4.3. Methods ..............................................................................74 4.3.1. Sampling localities ..............................................74 4.3.2. Data selection ......................................................77 4.3.3. Statistical analyses...............................................78 4.4. Results ................................................................................81 4.5. Discussion...........................................................................88 4.6. Acknowledgements ............................................................93 Índice Capítulo 5. Using capture-mark-recapture models to asses the effect of age and weather on landing decisions of Sedge Warblers Acrocephalus schoenobaenus during migration ...................................................................................95 5.1. Abstract and keywords/Resumen y palabras clave.............95 5.2. Introduction ........................................................................97 5.3. Methods ............................................................................101 5.3.1. Study species .....................................................101 5.3.2. Sampling site and data collection ......................102 5.3.3. Meteorological data ...........................................103 5.3.4. CMR models......................................................104 5.3.5. Analyses on changes of birds abundance ..........107 5.4. Results ..............................................................................108 5.5. Discussion.........................................................................111 5.6. Acknowledgements ..........................................................118 Capítulo 6. The role of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the departure decisions of a long-distance migratory passerine .................................................................................121 6.1. Abstract and keywords/Resumen y palabras clave...........121 6.2. Introduction ......................................................................123 6.3. Methods ............................................................................127 6.3.1. Sampling site and field data ..............................127 6.3.2.. Meteorological data ..........................................128 6.3.3. Statistical analyses.............................................129 Índice 6.4. Results ..............................................................................132
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