Records of Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884 (: ) from around Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, Title Japan, with a note on diagnostic characters of S. dentata and an allied species, Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886)

Author(s) Naruse, Tohru; Uyeno, Daisuke; Nishihira, Moritaka

Citation Fauna Ryukyuana, 19: 1-13

Issue Date 2015-04-17

URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/38642

Rights Fauna Ryukyuana ISSN 2187-6657 http://w3.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/naruse/lab/Fauna_Ryukyuana.html

Records of Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884 (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) from around Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with a note on diagnostic characters of S. dentata and an allied species, Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886)

1 2, 3 4 Tohru Naruse , Daisuke Uyeno & Moritaka Nishihira 1Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Iriomote Station, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Taketomi, Okinawa 907-1541, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A. 3(Current affiliation) Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan 4Okinawa Churashima Foundation, General Research Center, 888 Ishikawa, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0206, Japan

Abstract. Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884, is collected and identified appear to differ recorded from around Iriomote Island, Ryukyu morphologically from the previous records from Islands, Japan, for the first time. Sandalolitha Japan. An opportunity is taken here to review the dentata was found from depths of about 20 to 40 m diagnostic characters of both S. dentata and S. of reef slopes and a transitional zone with a gentle robusta while taking size variations into slope from the reef to a relatively flat bottom with consideration. sandy-muddy substratum in semi-surrounded bay-like waters. This report also reviews diagnostic Material and methods characters of S. dentata and a morphologically allied and sympatric congener, S. robusta (Quelch, Collected coralla were examined after bleaching 1886). The two species can be distinguished from and drying. Measurements refer to the corallum each other by the distributional pattern and density length (l), width (w), height (h), skeletal weight, of corallites on the corallum and other characters. horizontal projection area (cm2) and number of They are, however, difficult to be differentiated by corallites. The horizontal projection area was the characters of the lower order septum and its calculated by using Adobe Photoshop CS5 extented ornamentations due to their wide ranges of ver. 12.0.1 ×64, Adobe Illustrator CS5 ver. 15.0.1 variation. and ImageJ ver. 10.2. Depth of the concavity of the corallum (when the corallum is turned upside Introduction down) was also measured in selected specimens. The materials examined are deposited in the Funauki Bay in the northwestern part of Iriomote Ryukyu University Museum, Fujukan (RUMF), Island is a relatively narrow bay with a length of University of the Ryukyus, Japan. were about 5 km, but is relatively deep from the entrance collected under the permissions of the governor of (about 80 m depth) to near the river mouth of Kuira Okinawa Prefecture (permission numbers 23-22, River (about 30 m depth). This relatively enclosed 24-2 and 24-60). and deep environment hosts a number of unique taxa that are usually not found at reefs in more Results and discussion open waters. Such environments in the Ryukyu Islands are still insufficiently studied, which has led Fungiidae Dana, 1846 to a fare number of recent findings (e.g. Fujii & Sandalolitha Quelch, 1884 Naruse 2013; Obuchi 2014; Komai & Fujita 2014; Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884 Naruse, 2015). (Figs. 1–4) We have found specimens of a mushroom coral that can be referable to Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, Materials examined. Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884 (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) from Funauki Bay 1884: RUMF-ZG-4371, 1 corallum, (430 mm (l), and surrounding waters. Although Sandalolitha 240 mm (w), 130 mm (h), 905 g, 800.8 cm2, 326 robusta (Quelch, 1886) (e.g. Shirai 1980; Nishihira corallites, depth of the lower surface 98 mm), off & Veron 1995) and S. dentata (e.g. Shirai 1980 (see Ida-no-hama, Funauki Bay, Iriomote Island, -40 m, Hoeksema 1989); Loya et al. 2009) have been coll. T. Naruse, D. Uyeno et al., 17 May 2012; recorded from Japan, the S. dentata specimens we RUMF-ZG-4373, 1 corallum (263 mm (l), 120 mm

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Fig. 1. Live colouration of Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884. a, RUMF-ZG-4371, Funauki Bay, Iriomote Island, -40 m, photographed on 31 Aug. 2012; b, RUMF-ZG-4376, Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, -27 m, photographed on 13 Jun. 2013; c, Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea, -25 m, photographed on 23 Nov. 2012, not collected. 1. . a, RUMF-ZG-4371, , -40m, 2012 5 17 ; b, RUMF-ZG-4376, , -27m, 2013 6 13 ; c, ][[ , -25 m, 2012 11 23 , .

(w), 45 mm (h), 946 g, 264.9 cm2, 119 corallites, mm (l), 40 mm (w), 20 mm (h), 44 g, 30.9 cm2, 30 depth of the lower surface 20 mm), off southwest corallites), off southwest Uchibanare Island, Uchibanare Island, Funauki Bay, Iriomote Island, Funauki Bay, Iriomote Island, -20–30 m, coll. H. -20–30 m, coll. H. Fukami, D. Uyeno & T. Naruse, Fukami, D. Uyeno & T. Naruse, 24 Mar. 2013; 24 Mar. 2013; RUMF-ZG-4374, 1 corallum (92 RUMF-ZG-4376, 1 corallum, (192 mm (l), 63 mm

Fig. 2. Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884. a, RUMF-ZG-4371, 430 mm long; b, RUMF-ZG-4373, 263 mm long; c, RUMF-ZG-4377, 230 mm long; d, RUMF-ZG-4376, 192 mm long; e, RUMF-ZG-4374, 92 mm long. Scales = 50 mm. 2. . a, RUMF-ZG-4371, 430 mm; b, RUMF-ZG-4373, 263 mm; c, RUMF-ZG-4377, 230 mm; d, RUMF-ZG-4376, 192 mm; e, RUMF-ZG-4374, 92 mm. = 50 mm.

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[Original article] Naruse et al.: Record of Sandalolitha dentata and diagnostic characters from S. robusta 3

(w), 30 mm (h), 229g, 104.7 cm2, 51 corallites), thickness of septa more distinct in small coralla east off a jetty, Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, -27m, (Figs. 3a, c, 4a, c). Upper margin of septum lined coll. T. Naruse, 13 Jun. 2013; RUMF-ZG-4377, 1 with ornamentations (teeth); teeth height almost corallum, (230 mm (l), 133 mm (w), 40 mm (h), same with its septum width, teeth covered with burs 420g, 231.9 cm2, 108 corallites), east off a jetty, (Fig. 3b, d, 4b, d), teeth shape variable, relatively Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, -31m, coll. T. Naruse, higher and longer in small coralla (Fig. 4b, d), but 13 Jun. 2013. becomes lower and shorter in large coralla (Fig. 3b, Comparative materials. Sandalolitha robusta d). Septa directed medially within calice, medially (Quelch, 1886): RUMF-ZG-4375, 1 corallum (230 lower than coenosteum; septa outside calice mm (l), 115 mm (w), 30 mm (h), 519 g, 211.2 cm2, protruded upwards. Costae distinct around margin 197 corallites, depth of the lower surface about 10 of corallum, but become fused and mm), off southwest Uchibanare Island, Funauki indistinguishable towards center (Figs. 3f, 4e). Bay, Iriomote Island, -17 m, coll. T. Naruse, H. Upper margin of costa with short spines, spines Fukami & D. Uyeno, 24 Mar. 2013; covered with granules, or long and bur-like RUMF-ZG-4378, 1 corallum (142 mm (l), 86 mm ornamentations. (w), 35 mm (h), 351 g, 96.2 cm2, 82 corallites), off Colouration. The largest corallum examined in north of Baras Island, between Iriomote and the present study (RUMF-ZG-4371) had Hatoma Islands, coll. D. Uyeno & T. Naruse, 17 characteristic colouration; radially arranged light Jun. 2013; RUMF-ZG-4379, 1 corallum (223 mm green and russet belts are arranged alternately (Fig. (l), 122 mm (w), 35 mm (h), 759 g, 191.0 cm2, 163 1a). This colour pattern was also observed in the corallites), off north of Baras Island, between corallum found at Madang Lagoon, Papua New Iriomote and Hatoma Islands, coll. D. Uyeno & T. Guinea (Fig. 1c). All the other coralla were Naruse, 17 Jun. 2013; RUMF-ZG-4380, 1 corallum uniformly brown (Fig. 1b). The radially arranged (298 mm (l), 181 mm (w), 82 mm (h), 2860 g, colour pattern may be expressed in relatively larger 432.9 cm2, 620 corallites), off Ida-no-hama, coralla. All examined specimens (including Funauki Bay, Iriomote Island, coll. D. Uyeno & T. RUMF-ZG-4371 collected about 11:30 am) were Naruse, Jun. 2013; RUMF-ZG-4381, 1 corallum collected during daytime, and no emerged polyps (52.5 mm (l), 39.0 mm (w), 17.0 mm (h), 17.3 g, were observed. 15.9 cm2, 33 corallites), Hanagoi (Amethyst Morphological variation. The largest corallum anthias) reef, south of Sotobanare Island, Funauki examined in the present study (RUMF-ZG-4371; Bay, coll. T. Naruse, 8 Jun. 2013. 430 mm (l)) is very thin, dome-shaped, with an Morphological features. Corallum polystoma- inner height of the dome of 98 mm, and very light tous, free-living, irregularly elliptical, often (skeletal weight 905 g). In contrast, the corallum constricted around center of long axis (Figs. 1a, with 263 mm (l) (RUMF-ZG-4373) is thick, with 2a–c, e). Largest corallum examined in this study shallower depression (about 20 mm), and heavier very thin, light (RUMF-ZG-4371, 430 mm (l), by 41g than RUMF-ZG-4371 that is longer than skeletal weight 905 g), other coralla thick, relatively RUMF-ZG-4373 by 167 mm. The thickness of the heavy (e.g. RUMF-ZG-4373, 263 mm (l), skeletal lower order septum and the shape of the tooth are weight 946 g). Primary stoma placed around center also variable (see section of Morphological and highest portion of corallum (Fig. 3a), septa features). running radially from primary stoma towards We have not studied what environmental factors margin. Corallites tend to be arranged along long affect the corallum shapes, but Hoeksema & Moka axis, but also scattered over corallum. Calice (1989: 156) outlined possible effects from appears slightly produced from coenosteum combinations of several factors including perpendicularly upwards (Fig. 4f). Septa arranged sedimentation, waves, direction of right sources, densely, lower order septa rather thinner, lower, etc. higher order septae often arranged alternately (Figs. Distribution and habitat. Sandalolitha dentata 3a, c, 4a, c). Septa weakly curved around center of from around Iriomote Island was found at depths of calice (Figs. 3a, 4a), but mostly straight, especially about 20 to 40 m of reef slopes and a transitional around margin (Figs. 3c, 4c). Lower order septa zone with a gentle slope from the reef to a relatively tend to be slightly thicker around center of corallum flat bottom with sandy-muddy substratum in with concentrated corallites (Figs. 3a, 4a) than semi-surrounded bay-like waters (Fig. 1a). around margin (Figs. 3c, 4c); difference in Hoeksema (1989) noted the distributional range

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Fig. 3. Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884 (RUMF-ZG-4371, 430 mm long). a, primary stoma, its surrounding corallites and septa; b, septa around primary stoma, with ornamentation (teeth); c, septa near marginal part of corallum; d, septa near marginal part of corallum, with ornamentation (teeth); e, underside of corallum; f, costae around marginal part of corallum.ps” indicates primary stoma. Scales, a–d, f = 10 mm; e = 100 mm. 3. (RUMF-ZG-4371, 430 mm). a, ; b, ; c, ; d, ; e, ; f, . ps . , a–d, f = 10 mm; e = 100 mm. of S. dentata from the Maldives to the Tuamotu suspected Hoeksema’s (1989) record of the present Archipelago. As noted in the section of species from Japan, and following Veron (1992; and identification, the record of S. dentata from 1993), they also doubted its distribution other than Okinawa by Hoeksema (1989) was probably Indonesia and Cocos (Keeling) Island in Indo-West erronneous, but it is possible that the corallum Pacific. However, such a limited distribution is not shown in Loya et al. (2009: fig. 1bD) from Sesoko correct as Nemenzo & Ferraris (1982: 209, fig. 9) Island is S. dentata (see section of taxonomy and recorded the present species from depths of 24–36 identification). Nishihira & Veron (1995) also m at Mactan Island, adjacent to Cebu Island, the

[Original article] Naruse et al.: Record of Sandalolitha dentata and diagnostic characters from S. robusta 5

Fig. 4. Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884 (RUMF-ZG-4373, 263 mm long). a, primary stoma, its surrounding corallites and septa; b, septa around primary stoma, with ornamentation (teeth); c, septa near marginal part of corallum; d, septa near marginal part of corallum, with ornamentation (teeth); e, costae around marginal part of corallum; f, coenosteum and corallites. Abbreviations as follows: hos, higher order septum; los, lower order septum; cn, coenosteum; cr, corallite or calice; cs, costa. Scales = 10 mm. 4. (RUMF-ZG-4373, 263 mm). a, ; b, ; c, ; d, ; e, ; f, . : hos, ; los, ; cn, ; cr, ; cs, . = 10 mm.

Philippines, as Parahalomitra sluiteri van der Horst, ones present” (Nemenzo & Ferraris 1982: 121). 1921, describing that “Corallites relatively few, These distributional patterns of the corallites agree conspicuous ones confined to central region so that to those of S. dentata very well. One of the authors wide zone toward border devoid of corallites, (DU) also photographed a corallum of about 400 except at both ends where a few smaller (young) mm long at a depth of about 25 m at Madang

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Fig. 5. Live colouration of Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886). a, Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, -10 m, photographed on 31 Aug. 2012, specimen not collected; b, RUMF-ZG-4375, Funauki Bay, Iriomote Island, -17 m, photographed on 24 Mar. 2013. 5. . a, , -10.8 m, 2012 8 31 , ; b, RUMF-ZG-4375, , -17 m, 2013 3 24 .

Lagoon, Papua New Guinea (Fig. 1b). Also, many Both S. dentata and its congener, S. robusta, photographs of S. dentata from the Philippines and occur around Iriomote Island. Sandalolitha robusta Papua New Guinea have been posted on the internet. is often observed at depths of 20 m, whereas S. This information suggest that the present species dentata appears to be more common in deeper should be widely distributed over Indo-West Pacific waters (T. Naruse & D. Uyeno, personal waters. observation). Hoeksema (2012a, c) also noted that

[Original article] Naruse et al.: Record of Sandalolitha dentata and diagnostic characters from S. robusta 7

Fig. 6. Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886). a, RUMF-ZG-4380, 298 mm; b, 3 RUMF-ZG-4375, 230 mm long; c, RUMF-ZG-4379, 223 mm long; d, RUMF-ZG-4378, 142 mm long; e, RUMF-ZG-4381, 52 mm long. Scales = 50 mm. 6. . a, RUMF-ZG-4380, 298 mm; b, 3 RUMF-ZG-4375, 230 mm; c, RUMF-ZG-4379, 223 mm; d, RUMF-ZG-4378, 142 mm; e, RUMF-ZG-4381, 52 mm. Scales = 50 mm.

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Fig. 7. Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886) (RUMF-ZG-4379, 223 mm long). a, primary stoma, its surrounding corallites and septa; b, septa around primary stoma, with ornamentation (teeth); c, septa near marginal part of corallum; d, septa near marginal part of corallum, with ornamentation (teeth); e, costae around marginal part of corallum; f, coenosteum and corallites. Scales = 10 mm. 7. (RUMF-ZG-4379, 223 mm). a, ; b, ; c, ; d, ; e, ; f, . = 10 mm.

S. dentata tends to be distributed slightly away from polystomatous by circumstomadaeal budding the shore than S. robusta. (Hoeksema 1989: 187; 2012b: 437). The examined Taxonomy and identification. The genus materials that are referred to as S. dentata by the Sandalolitha Quelch, 1884, currently contains four present study have high and thick lower order septa species, S. dentata Quelch, 1884 (type species), S. and low and thin higher order septa that are robusta (Quelch, 1886), S. africana Veron, 2000 alternately arranged, and the septa and costae each (See Veron (2002) and ICZN (2011) for its are arranged not as close as in other species. These authority), and S. boucheti Hoeksema, 2012. Adults conditions of S. dentata are more similar to S. of all four Sandalolitha species are free-living and robusta than to other congeners (Fig. 3; Hoeksema,

[Original article] Naruse et al.: Record of Sandalolitha dentata and diagnostic characters from S. robusta 9

2012b). Hoeksema (1989; 2012b) distinguished S. from the coenosteum. However, in S. robusta, dentata from S. robusta by the following septae, especially of lower order ones, protrude on characters: 1) teeth on upper margin of septum are the coenosteum (i.e. outside calices), and the high longer and sharper, 2) lower order septa are more density of the corallites on the corallum makes the protruded perpendicularly, 3) secondary stomata are calices slightly buried in the coenosteum. These not produced by peripheral budding so the corallites valid diagnostic characters of the two Sandalolitha are arranged more medially or along long axis, and species recognized by the present study are 4) overall shape of the corallum is more elongated. summarized in Table 1. These diagnostic characters are reexamined in the Hoeksema (1989) examined many specimens of present study while taking size variations into S. dentata and S. robusta, including the holotypes consideration. The teeth on the septum tend to be of the two species. The specimens of S. dentata and triangular to distally rounded oblong shape in S. S. robusta studied in the present study agree well to robusta and their shapes do not vary by the coralla the photographs shown in Hoeksema (1989: figs. size. In contrast, relatively large coralla of S. 485–495, 497–506), with regard to the density and dentata have more triangular teeth and those of distribution of the corallites as well. These data relatively small coralla are more sparsely arranged. warrant our identification. It appears difficult to distinguish the two species by Hoeksema (1989) considered Shirai’s (1980: the degree of protrusion as the degree is variable by 532) record of S. robusta from Okinawa as S. regions of even in a single corallum in both species. dentata and listed it in the synonymy list of S. In S. robusta, septa between calices (especially dentata. The photograph of Shirai (1980: 532) lower order septa) protruded (Fig. 7b, d), and since shows relatively large corallites in comparison with the corallites are densely and evenly arranged all the corallum size, suggesting that the corallum is over the corallum (Fig. 5–7), calices appear to relatively small. The marginal region of the slightly immerse to the coenosteum (Fig. 7f). In S. corallum has a small number of corallites, which is dentata, septa (especially lower order septa) often observed in relatively small coralla of S. protruded at the outer margin of the calices (Figs. robusta (Fig. 6d). The corallites are not densely 3b, 4b) but not between calices, and since the arranged along the long axis, and the septa of the density of corallites are low in general except for corallum are relatively thick in general. Shirai the center and long axis of the corallum (Figs. 1, 2, (1980: 532) also recorded Parahalomitra 8), calices appear to protrude from the coenosteum irregularis (Gardiner, 1898), but it has been (Fig. 4f). In addition, the difference in the thickness synonimised under S. robusta (Hoeksema, 1989). of lower and higher order septa are more distinct in Loya et al. (2009), who studied reproductive the center of coralla in both species. When patterns of fungiid species, examined “S. dentata” similar-sized coralla of both species are compared, from Sesoko Island. It has a typical distributional lower order septa of both medial and marginal pattern of the corallites over the corallum (Loya et regions of S. robusta are thicker than equivalent al. 2009: fig. 1bC), indicating that their “S. dentata” septa of S. dentata (Figs. 4a, b, 7a, b). Sandalolitha is S. robusta instead. Since “S. robusta” shown by dentata also has differences in the thickness Loya et al. (2009: fig 1bD) have densely distributed between lower and higher order septa that are larger corallites around the center and high region and in larger coralla (Figs. 3a, c, 4a, c), but those of S. straight septa are arranged in an orderly manner robusta do not vary by the size of coralla. marginally, it is possible that their “S. robusta” is S. It was also found that the number of corallites dentata instead. Close examination of the corallum per corallum was distinctly smaller in S. dentata is, however, necessary to confirm these identities. than in S. robusta (Fig. 8a). This difference is The present study proposes a standard Japanese indeed immediately obvious (Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6). It is name “Sandal-ishi” to S. dentata, alluding its worth noting that the difference in the number of general shape of the corallum. The specimen corallites between the two species can be more RUMF-ZG-4371 is designated as a standard obvious when they are compared by the horizontal specimen for this newly proposed Japanese name. projection area of the corallum (Fig. 8a) than by the length (Fig. 8b). Acknowledgements Furtheremore, in S. dentata, septae, especially of lower order ones, protrude around the margin of the Part of the specimens examined were collected calice, and also due to low density of the corallites during a field research project funded by NEXT on the corallum, the calices appear to be produce program (GR083, Japan Society for the Promotion

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Fig. 8. Number of corallites on corallum of Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884, and S. robusta (Quelch, 1886). Number of corallites are compared by horizontal projection area (a) and length (b) of coralla. 8. , . , (a) (b) .

[Original article] Naruse et al.: Record of Sandalolitha dentata and diagnostic characters from S. robusta 11

Table 1 Diagnostic characters of Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884, and S. robusta (Quelch, 1886). 1 . S. dentata S. robusta Distribution of corallites More clustered distribution Evenly distributed (Figs. 5, 6). around center or along long axis (. 5, 6). (Figs. 1, 2). (. 1, 2).

Density of corallites on corallum Low (Figs. 1, 2, 8). High (Figs. 5, 6, 8). (see Fig. 8) (. 1, 2, 8). (. 5, 6, 8). ( 8 )

Arrangement of calices and Due to protrusion of septa Due to protrusion of septa position of septal protrusion (especially of lower order) around (especially of lower order) on margin of calice but not on coenosteum (Fig. 4b) and high coenosteum and low density of density of corallites on corallum corallites on corallum (Figs. 1, 2), (Figs. 5, 6), calices appear slightly calices appear protruded from buried in coenosteum (Figs. 5, 6). coenosteum (Fig. 2). () () ( 4b), ) :, : , ( 5, 6), ( 1, 2), ( 5, 6). ( 2).

Science). We thank Dr. Takashi Sakamaki Hoeksema, B.W., 2012a. Distribution patterns of (formerly University of the Ryukyus) and his mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) laboratory member, Isao Yara (Shirahama, across the Spermonde Shelf, South Sulawesi). Iriomote), Masayoshi Kondo (Okinawa Institute of Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 60(1): 183–212. Science and Underwater Technology), Kei-ichi Hoeksema, B.W., 2012b. Mushroom corals Ishigaki, Shinya Imura and Hitomi Tsutsumi (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) of Espiritu Santo (Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research (Vanuatu, West Pacific), with the description of Center, University of the Ryukyus) for their various a new species. Zoosystema, 34(2): 429–443. help. Constructive comments from Dr. Hironobu Hoeksema, B.W., 2012c. Evolutionary trends in Fukami (University of Miyazaki), Dr. Kaoru onshore-offshore distribution patterns of Sugihara (National Institute for Environmental mushroom coral species (Scleractinia: Studies) and an anonymous reviewer improved this Fungiidae). Contributions to Zoology, 81(4): paper. Dr. James Davis Reimer (University of the 199–221. Ryukyus) helped editing English. Hoeksema, B.W. & W. Moka, 1989. Species assemblages and ecomorph variation of References mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) related to reef habitats in the Flores Sea. Fujii, T. & T. Naruse, 2013. First record of Arcania Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 23(2): novemspinosa (Crastacea: Decapoda: 149–160. Leucosiidae) from Okinawa Island, Japan. Fauna ICZN, 2011. Coral taxon names published in Ryukyuana, 3: 1–6. [In Japanese with English ‘Corals of the world’ by J.E.N. Veron (2000): abstract] potential availability confirmed under Article Hoeksema, B.W.,1989. Taxonomy, phylogeny and 86.1.2. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature biogeography of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: 68(3): 162–166. Fungiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 254: Komai, T. & Y. Fujita, 2014. New record of a 1–295. callianassid ghost shrimp Paratrypaea maldivensis (Borradaile, 1904) (Crustacea:

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Fauna Ryukyuana, 19: 1–13.

Decapoda: Axiidea) from subtidal flats in サンダルイシ (新称) Sandalolitha Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. dentata Quelch, 1884 (イシサンゴ Fauna Ryukyuana, 8: 1–7. 目 : クサビライシ科) の西表島周辺から Loya, Y., K. Sakai & A. Heyward, 2009. Reproductive patterns of fungiid corals in の記録, 及びサンダルイシと近似種ヘル Okinawa, Japan. Galaxea, 11(2): 119–129. メットイシ Sandalolitha robusta Naruse, T., 2015. Description of a new genus and a (Quelch, 1886) の識別形質について new species of gaeticine crab (Crustacea: 1 2, 3 4 Brachyura: Varunidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, 成瀬貫 ・上野大輔 ・西平守孝 and a review of Acmaeopleura Stimpson, 1858, 1 〒907-1541沖縄県八重山郡竹富町字上原870 琉 and Sestrostoma Davie & N.K. Ng, 2007. 球大学 熱帯生物圏研究センター 西表研究施設 Zootaxa, 3925(2): 211–228. (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Nemenzo, F. & C. J. Ferraris, Jr., 1982. Some フロリダ大学 フロリダ自然史博物館 1659 Museum Rd., Gainesville, FL32611, U.S.A. scleractinian corals from the reefs of Cebu and 3 Mactan Islands. Kalikasan, Philippine Journal of ( 現所属) 〒 890-0065 鹿児島県鹿児島市郡元 1-21-35 鹿児島大学大学院理工学研究科 Biology, 11(1): 111–135. 4 〒905-0206 沖縄県国頭郡本部町字石川 888 一般 Nishihira, M. & J.E.N. Veron, 1995. Hermatypic 財団法人沖縄美ら島財団 総合研究センター corals of Japan. Kaiyusha, Tokyo. [in Japanese] Obuchi, M., 2014. Two new records of . ( ) Heterometra comatulids (Echinodermata: Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884 Crinoidea: Comatulida: Himerometridae) from :, Okinawa-jima Island, southwestern Japan. 20–40 m , )) Fauna Ryukyuana, 13: 1–9. Quelch, J.J., 1884. Preliminary notice of new . genera and species of Challenger reef-corals. :, (, Annals and magazine of natural history, : including zoology, botany and geology. Fifth S. robusta (Quelch, 1886) series, 13: 292–297. . , Quelch, J.J., 1886. Report on the reef-corals ( collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years , , ( 1873–76. Report on the scientific results of the , voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76: under the command of Captain George ):. S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N., 16(3): 1–203, pls. 1–12. : 2014 11 15 Shirai, S., 1980. Ecological Encyclopedia of the : 2015 4 6 Marine of the Ryukyu Islands, revised : 2015 4 17 edition. Okinawa Kyoiku Shuppan, Naha. [in Japanese] Veron, J.E.N., 1992. Hermatypic corals of Japan. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Monograph Series, 9: 1–234. Veron, J.E.N., 1993. A biogeographic database of hermatypic corals. Species of the Central Indo-Pacific, Genera of the World. Japan. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Monograph Series, 10: 1–433. Veron, J.E.N., 2000. Corals of the world, vols. 1–3. 1410 pp. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia. Veron, J.E.N., 2002. New species described in Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph Series, 11: 1–206.

[Original article] Naruse et al.: Record of Sandalolitha dentata and diagnostic characters from S. robusta 13