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Konservasi Hayati Vol. 06 No. 01 April 2010 ISSN 0216-9487 Jurnal Ilmiah Konservasi Hayati Graphium bathycles Polyura athamas Graphium sarpedon DAFTAR ISI Halaman Pemanfaatan Waring Nilon Dalam Rancang Bangun Pagar Kebun Untuk Mencegah Serangan Hama Babi Hutan .................................................................. 1-5 Agustin Zarkani, Burhannudin Toha Efektivitas Sari Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L) Terhadap Salmonella typhi………………………………………………………………………………. 6-12 Welly Darwis, Vivi Anggun Sari, Choirul Muslim Degradasi Habitat Serta Ancaman Terhadap Mamalia di Sumatera …………..… 13-24 Santi Nurul Kamilah, Rizaldi, Amsir Bakar, Kunio Watanabe Komposisi Aves di Kawasan Hutan Pusat Latihan Gajah (PLG) Seblat Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara ..................................................................................... 25-37 Jarulis, Cipto Roso, Rizwar Sidik RFLP-PCR dan SSCP Terhadap Ekson 3, 4 dan 5 Gen Tirosinase Keluarga Albino di Kota Bengkulu dan Kabupaten Kaur...................................................... 38-50 Choirul Muslim, Puji Dewi Lestari, Sipriyadi Komunitas Ikan di Batang Kuranji Padang…………………. …………………... 51-58 Novia Studi Puddling Behavior Kupu-Kupu di Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat Desa Tambang Sawah Kecamatan Pinang Belapis Kabupaten Lebong Propinsi Bengkulu……………………………………………………………………...…... 59-64 Helmiyetti, Dahelmi, Mira Zulviani Pengaruh Pemberian Umbi Gadung ( Dioscorea hispida Dennt ) Kering Terhadap Daya Fertilitas Mencit (Mus musculus Swiss Webster)…………………………………... 65-68 Abdul Kadir Konservasi Hayati Vol. 06 No. 01 April 2010, hlm. 59-64 ISSN 0216-9487 STUDI PUDDLING BEHAVIOR KUPU-KUPU DI TAMAN NASIONAL KERINCI SEBLAT DESA TAMBANG SAWAH KECAMATAN PINANG BELAPIS KABUPATEN LEBONG PROPINSI BENGKULU Helmiyetti1, Dahelmi2, Mira Zulviani1 1) Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Bengkulu 2) Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Andalas Accepted, September 5th 2009; Revised, September 15th 2009 ABSTRACT The research is aimed to know several kinds of butterflies which have puddling behaviour, and how frequency and term needed for butterflies in puddling behaviour. The research was conducted from July to October 2009 along the river at Kerinci Seblat National Park Tambang Sawah village Lebong and in the Laboratory of Entomological Science Faculty of Bengkulu University. This research used purposive sampling method. As baiting to attract the butterflies we used fermented shrimp, cassava ferment liquid and human urine mixed with sand. The procedure in this research comprised two stage, first was observation in the field. The observational parameters were kind of butterfly which visited the baits, frequency and duration of took the baits.The last procedure was species identification to the laboratory. Data was analyzed descriptively. From the research result we obtained eight spesies of butterfly which visited the baits. They are belonged to 4 family; Papilionidae (2 species), Nymphalidae (3 species), Pieridae (2 species) and Satyridae (1 Species). The highest visit frequency was refers to Graphium Sarpedon, that was 25 times visited to fermented shrimp baits. The highest duration of taking the baits belonged to Cyrestis nivea, it was 185 ±155 seconds on fermented shrimp and the lowest was 4 seconds on urine bait from Cyrestis nivea. Key words: Butterfly, Puddling Behaviour, Kerinci Seblat National Park Lebong, Purposive Sampling PENDAHULUAN mamalia atau burung serta kotoran atau Kupu-kupu (Lepidoptera) adalah serangga bangkai yang telah busuk (Kunte, 2006). yang bersayap dengan badannya yang Dari beberapa famili dan jenis kupu- tertutup oleh sisik-sisik (Lepis=sisik, kupu, sering dijumpai ada yang mengambil pteron=sayap). Sisik berukuran kecil, tersu- makanan pada genangan air, feses hewan, sun berdempetan yang memberikan bentuk sisa-sisa hewan yang telah mati, urin, kayu dan corak warna yang indah (Kunte, 2006). dan batu-batuan (Shreeve, 1992). Lepidop- Berdasarkan pakannya (”feeding guild”) tera makan atau minum pada genangan air kupu-kupu dikelompokkan menjadi 3 yaitu asin atau tempat yang lembab seperti pemakan nektar (”nectar feeder”) terutama bebatuan ditepi sungai, feses hewan, sisa- nektar pada bunga, pemakan buah (”fruit sisa hewan yang telah mati, urin, kayu dan feeder”), terutama buah yang busuk atau pasir. Tingkah laku ini disebut dengan istilah buah yang mengandung alkohol, dan puddling behaviour (Arms, Feeny and pemakan berbagai macam makanan (”omni Lederhouse, 1973). Menurut Herawati feeder”) mengkonsumsi nektar, buah dan (2007), kupu-kupu memerlukan mineral berbagai sumber makanan lain seperti feses guna memperlancar proses metabolisme 59 Jurnal Ilmiah Konservasi Hayati Vol. 06 No. 01 April 2010 ISSN 0216-9487 tubuh terutama bagi pejantan dalam digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kamera pematangan sperma untuk kawin. Perilaku digital, stopwatch, psycrometer, thermo- puddling lebih banyak diperlihatkan oleh meter, lux meter, insect net, 3 buah baki jantan terutama jantan yang masih sangat dengan ukuran 30x20x4 cm, kotak koleksi, muda dibanding dengan betina (Adler, 1982; kotak segitiga, kertas segitiga, alat tulis, Adler dan Pearson 1982; Boggs dan Jackson papan perentang dan jarum penusuk. 1991; Collenette 1934). Akan tetapi, ada Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan adalah juga ditemukan kupu-kupu betina yang pasir, umpan berupa air tape singkong, terasi mengunjungi genangan lumpur (Boggs dan ABC dan urine manusia, serta kapur barus. Jackson 1991; Sculley dan Boggs, 1996). Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat Pengamatan di lapangan (TNKS) terletak di empat wilayah propinsi Di pinggir sungai yang telah ditentukan yaitu Sumatra Barat, Jambi, Bengkulu dan (Sungai Selikat, Air Merah, Air Payo, Air Sumatra Selatan. Sebagian besar kawasan Tik Kayu dan Air Putih) diletakkan tiga baki taman nasional ini merupakan rangkaian yang beris pasir. Kupu-kupu diumpan pegunungan Bukit Barisan Selatan pulau dengan menggunakan air tape singkong Sumatra bagian tengah. Secara geografi dengan volume 100 ml, urine dengan TNKS terletak pada 100o31'18o-102o44' volume 100 ml dan terasi sebanyak 1 gr Lintang Timur dan 17o13o-326'14” Lintang yang telah dihaluskan. Umpan dimasukkan Selatan. Dari penelitian Salmah, Abbas dan ke dalam baki plastik yang berisi pasir Dahelmi (1995; 2002), Salmah, Abbas dan sebagai substrat. Jumlah baki yang dipasang Arbain (1999) di kawasan TNKS didapatkan adalah sebanyak 3 buah untuk masing- sebanyak 230 spesies kupu-kupu yang terdiri masing umpan. dari 10 famili (Salmah dkk., 1999), 28 Baki tersebut diletakkan di pinggir spesies diantaranya tergolong ke dalam sungai pada pagi hari dengan jarak antar famili Papilionidae (Salmah dkk., 2002). baki lebih kurang 1 m. Baki dibenamkan Penelitian ini umumnya dilakukan pada sehingga ± 10 cm sehingga permukaan baki berbagai macam habitat terutama di pinggir sejajar dengan permukaan tanah. Pengama- hutan, semak belukar dan daerah yang tan pada masing-masing umpan dilakukan berdekatan dengan perkampungan penduduk selama 3 jam per hari dari pukul 10.00 WIB (Salmah dkk., 1999). sampai 13.00 WIB selama 9 hari pada Sebegitu jauh, informasi tentang jenis keadaan cuaca cerah di lima sungai yang kupu-kupu yang melakukan puddling berbeda dengan bantuan dua orang behaviour di TNKS, khususnya di Desa pengamat. Tambang Sawah Lebong masih terbatas. Pengamatan meliputi : Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dilakukan a. Jenis kupu-kupu yang mengunjungi penelitian tentang jenis kupu-kupu yang umpan. Kupu-kupu yang mengunjungi tertangkap dengan menggunakan umpan umpan diambil fotonya dengan kamera berupa terasi, air tape dan urin di kawasan digital dan kemudian ditangkap setelah Tambang Sawah TNKS Lebong, Bengkulu. pengamatan. Kupu-kupu yang tertangkap dimatikan dengan cara ditekan thoraknya BAHAN DAN METODE dan disimpan dalam kertas segitiga. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli- b. Lama makan/minum. Lama makan/ Oktober 2009 di kawasan sungai Desa minum dihitung saat kupu-kupu mulai Tambang Sawah Kecamatan Pinang Belapis hinggap sampai pindah atau terbang. TNKS Lebong Bengkulu. Alat yang Apabila suatu jenis kupu-kupu makan 60 Jurnal Ilmiah Konservasi Hayati Vol. 06 No. 01 April 2010 ISSN 0216-9487 dengan jumlah individu yang banyak HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN (lebih dari dua individu) maka lama Dari hasil identifikasi yang telah dilakukan, makan/minum diwakili oleh beberapa didapatkan delapan jenis kupu-kupu yang individu dari jenis tersebut. mengunjungi umpan. Jenis kupu-kupu yang c. Frekuensi kunjungan. Frekuensi kunju- mengunjungi umpan tersebut tergolong ke ngan dari masing-masing jenis diamati dalam empat famili yaitu Papilionidae (dua pada masing-masing umpan. Dicatat jenis), Nymphalidae (tiga jenis), Pieridae berapa kali masing-masing jenis mengun- (dua jenis) dan Satyridae (satu jenis) dapat jungi umpan selama pengamatan. dilihat pada Tabel 1. Pada Tabel 1. terlihat bahwa umpan Pengamatan di laboratorium yang banyak dikunjungi yaitu umpan terasi Sampel kupu-kupu direntang pada papan sebanyak enam jenis, yang kedua umpan perentang lalu dikering anginkan di bawah urin sebanyak empat jenis dan pada umpan lampu 40 Watt selama 3 hari. Setelah kering, air tape ada tiga jenis. Dari delapan jenis kupu-kupu dimasukkan ke dalam kotak yang didapatkan satu jenis mengunjungi spesimen dan diberi kapur barus. Selanjut- ketiga umpan yaitu Polyura athamas Drury. nya kupu-kupu diidentifikasi dan dideskripsi Dari hasil penelitian kupu-kupu yang berdasarkan buku acuan karangan Tsukada melakukan puddling pada ketiga umpan dan Nishiyama (1985), Otsuka (1988). yaitu terasi, urin manusia dan air tape didapatkan
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