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Larevuedurable Savoirs • Sociétés • Écologie • Politiques Publiques DOSSIER Agriculture locale et commerce équitable Durable LaRevueDurable savoirs • sociétés • écologie • politiques publiques RENCONTRE Revue JACQUES GRINEVALD : La Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, dissident de l’Occident et visionnaire de la décroissance DOSSIER la paysannerie familiale est capable d’intensifi er la production agricole au Pérou et au mexique, la consommation équitable débarque sur les marchés locaux Dans l’Ouest français, le rad apporte des solutions En Suisse et en France l’agriculture contractuelle explose : 9.– : Des réponses au « Cauchemar de Darwin » : AGRICULTURE LOCALE ET COMMERCE ÉQUITABLE ISSN 1660-3192 CHF : 15.– ISSN 1660-3192 CHF : NUMÉRO 20 • AVRIL - MAI - JUIN 2006 • bimestriel Jean-Yves, brasseur bio en Dordogne (24) prêt n° 1052 de 13 720 € pour le réaménagement de la brasserie du Canardou 2 la Nef - 114, bd du 11 novembre 1918 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex fax : 04 72 69 08 79 société coopérative courriel : [email protected] 230x159 10/03/06 13:32 Page 1 de finances solidaires www.lanef.com 1 PUB QUADRI 230x159 1 BULLETIN D’ABONNEMENT29/03/06 12:25:50 à renvoyer à WWF France, BP 201, 27102 Val de Reuil Cedex ¢ Pour une planète vivante P04DUR LA PELUCHE GRENOUILLE, + symbole du combat du WWF pour l’eau douce 15,seulement80 par an K OUI, je m’abonne à Panda magazine pour : K 2 ans au prix de 26 seulement au lieu de 31,60 pour 8 numéros K 1 an au prix de 15,80 pour 4 numéros K OUI, je souhaite faire un don de : ......................... Je règle par : K Chèque bancaire à l’ordre du WWF K Carte bancaire n° date de validité signature : Avec panda magazine K je désire recevoir une facture je protège la nature et je soutiens le WWF Adresse de réception de l’abonnement : Nom :. Prénom :. Revue trimestrielle éditée par le WWF, Organisme : . 40 pages passionnantes pour découvrir . et protéger la nature N° :. Rue : . Code postal :............. Ville : . Offre valable jusqu’au 31/12/2006 pour un abonnement en France métropolitaine uniquement. Vous disposez d’un droit d’accès, de rectification ou de radiation des données vous concernant auprès du WWF. ou abonnez-vous sur : www.wwf.fr LaRevueDurable N°20 ÉDITORIAL ÉDITORIAL par Susana Jourdan et Jacques Mirenowicz Les bons signaux L’importance de la demande mondiale n’explique pas à elle seule la flambée actuelle des cours du pétrole et du gaz. Mais la plupart des autres facteurs qui interviennent pour faire grimper les prix – guerre en Irak, tensions en Iran, 3 déstabilisation au Nigeria et ailleurs, catastrophes naturelles, spéculations bour- sières – masquent eux aussi l’imminence des pics pétroliers et gaziers. Ce qui en- courage les pays du G7 et leurs élites politiques à proposer des réponses avant tout guidées par le court terme : puiser dans les réserves stratégiques, réinvestir dans la production, augmenter les capacités de raffinage… comme si de rien n’était. Bien sûr, de plus en plus de gens – y compris en haut lieu – comprennent que l’affaire n’est pas aussi simple, que le butoir est proche, qu’il faut trouver une al- ternative aux énergies fossiles et fissiles. Mais ces gens ne dépassent toujours pas une minorité sans levier politique à la hauteur de la situation. En attendant, le politique – qui fait bien trop peu pour aider cette minorité à grandir – se complaît à envoyer les mauvais signaux : continuons de faire comme si les réserves terres- tres étaient illimitées, comme si l’effet de serre n’était pas une donne considérable imposant un bouleversement du modèle de développement en vigueur, comme si le nucléaire était vraiment gérable à grande échelle et à long terme et, de plus, compatible avec la démocratie. Dès lors, où trouver les bons signaux ? Là où ils ne sont pas attendus ! Au prin- temps 2005, les salles obscures en ont envoyé un lumineux. Avec son Cauchemar de Darwin, Hubert Sauper a réussi un très joli coup. Ce dossier exceptionnel- lement long de LaRevueDurable saisit la drôle de perche que ce documentaire tend à ses spectateurs pour envisager d’autres manières de s’alimenter (voir le dossier, page 15). Manger les aliments cultivés (ou pêchés) près de chez soi est sans doute l’une des meilleures réponses structurelles à offrir à la crise du pétrole et à la crise énergétique globale. Pour réduire les « besoins » énergétiques et leur cortège de guerres du pétrole, d’effet de serre, d’amoncellement de déchets, y compris radioactifs, les voies à suivre ne se résument pas aux énergies renouvelables, à l’efficacité énergétique et à la sobriété : elles incluent aussi l’organisation de la ÉDITORIAL Une publication de CERIN Sàrl société pour diminuer le plus possible la demande en énergie. Or, il est suicidaire Rue de Lausanne 91, 1700 Fribourg, Suisse de favoriser les échanges agricoles tous azimuts dès lors que les coûts écologiques Tél. : + 41 26 321 37 10 ; fax : + 41 26 321 37 12 que cette option implique sont aussi graves que la déstabilisation du climat et www.larevuedurable.com des tensions toujours plus effrayantes autour de l’or noir. Rédacteurs responsables : Susana Jourdan et Jacques Mirenowicz De leur côté, les défenseurs du nucléaire se serrent les coudes pour relancer cette filière en prétendant contrôler la prolifération. Vingt ans après le séisme de Mise en page, iconographie et maquette Tchernobyl, l’héritage de cet événement commence à peine à livrer sa pleine si- de couverture : Jean-Christophe Froidevaux Illustrations : Tom Tirabosco gnification : l’expansion du nucléaire met en péril la suite de l’aventure humaine. Correction : Anne Perrenoud Et il est temps d’entendre cet autre signal essentiel : la nature de la croissance ac- Cartographie : Marie-Claude Backe-Amoretti tuelle mène le monde à l’abîme (voir l’interview de Jacques Grinevald, page 8). Abonnements, marketing et publicité : La bonne nouvelle est qu’il y a d’autres voies. Certains s’emploient à les suivre. Hélène Gaillard ; tél. : + 41 26 321 37 11 Puisse leur exemple inspirer de plus en plus de leurs concitoyens. Tirage : 11 000 exemplaires Maquette : Nicolas Peter et Marc Dubois Impression : Atar Roto Presse SA, Genève Papier : 50 % recyclé, blanchi sans chlore Avec le soutien de la Banque Franck, Galland & Cie SA et de l’association Les amis de LaRevueDurable PLEA 2006 23rd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PASSIVE AND LOW ENERGY ARCHITECTURE GENEVA SWITZERLAND 6 - 8 SEPTEMBER 2006 La 23e conférence PLEA à Genève a pour but de valoriser les réflexions et les expériences propices au développement d’un environnement construit intelligent, durable et à la portée de tous. Thèmes I Leçons de l’architecture traditionnelle I Stratégies et outils du projet I Bien-être et confort à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur I Confort intérieur dans les bâtiments vitrés I Recherche et transfert de technologies I Stratégies et outils d’aide pour la rénovation I Enseignement de l’architecture pour une conception durable I Projets à basse consommation d’énergie à l’échelle urbaine: exemples I Etudes de cas Public architectes, urbanistes, professionnels engagés dans la construction et le développement durable Inscription www.plea2006.org www.plea2006.org LaRevueDurable N°20 SOMMAIRE 3 ÉDITORIAL 6 brèves 7 ANNONCE Attention, en Suisse uniquement LaRevueDurable sort de kiosque 20 Le réalisateur du « Cauchemar de Darwin » 8 RENCONTRE a fondamentalement raison JACQUES GRINEVALD : Nicholas Georgescu- LRD Roegen, dissident de l’Occident et visionnaire de la décroissance 23 Ce que deviennent les usines de poisson du lac Victoria 5 EIRIK G. JANSEN DOSSIER DES RÉPONSES AU « CAUCHEMAR DE DARWIN » : AGRICULTURE LOCALE et commerce équitable 15 Éditorial et sommaire du dossier 16 Indicateurs 19 Vers des citoyens solidaires d’une agriculture 26 Les maîtres de proximité de la mondialisation 20 Le réalisateur du « Cauchemar de Darwin » de l’agriculture a fondamentalement raison LRD 23 Ce que deviennent les usines de poisson du lac Victoria 24 Comparaison entre libre-échange et souveraineté alimentaire 33 Le commerce 26 Les maîtres de la mondialisation de l’agriculture équitable, outil 28 Au Venezuela, la réforme agraire de développement d’Hugo Chavez est en marche et d’éducation 30 Marché mondial et autosuffisance alimentaire, GUY DURAND les pays du Sud ont une marge de manœuvre 33 Le commerce équitable, outil de développement et d’éducation 46 Le soja 36 Au Pérou et au Mexique, la consommation en Amérique du Sud équitable débarque sur les marchés locaux ou le cauchemar 39 Les agriculteurs du Burkina Faso de Humboldt pourraient nourrir leur pays MARC HUFTY 42 La paysannerie familiale est capable d’intensifier la production agricole Bartoli - CCFD Georges 46 Le soja en Amérique du Sud ou le cauchemar de Humboldt 48 Dans l’Ouest français, le Réseau Agriculture 52 Il faut manger durable apporte des solutions moins de viande 52 Il faut manger moins de viande LRD 54 L’association pour le maintien d’une agriculture paysanne passe la vitesse supérieure 57 En Suisse comme ailleurs, la souveraineté Radulovic Dreamstime/Milan alimentaire a besoin des consommateurs 58 L’agriculture contractuelle 54 L’association pour le maintien se porte bien en Suisse d’une agriculture paysanne 61 Guide sur l’agriculture passe la vitesse supérieure 65 Bilan du cycle de 3 x 3 conférences inspirées LRD du « Cauchemar de Darwin » 67 AGENDA 57 En Suisse comme 68 CORRESPONDANCE ailleurs, la souverai- neté alimentaire a 70 brèves besoin des consom- mateurs Matthew Maaskant LRD SOMMAIRE brèVES LaRevueDurable N°20 Brèves sur la consommation Les bons réflexes des Français Et le groupe est impliqué dans de nombreux Réduire les poubelles projets énergétiques controversés sur toute 6 Trois ménages français sur quatre affirment trier la planète : les oléoducs Tchad-Cameroun Pendant que certains créent avec succès leurs déchets, arrêter la veille de leur télévision, pren- et Baku-Tbilissi-Ceyhan en mer Caspienne, de nouveaux déchets, d’autres se démè- dre leur propre sac pour faire leurs courses et regarder l’extraction pétrolière en Angola et le bar- nent pour qu’ils soient triés.
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