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Aquatic Invertebrates and Waterbirds of Wetlands in the Avon Region2.79

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Aquatic Invertebrates and Waterbirds of Wetlands in the Avon Region2.79 Aquatic invertebrates and waterbirds of wetlands in the Avon region Aquatic invertebrates and waterbirds of wetlands in the Avon Aquatic invertebrates and waterbirds of wetlands in the Avon region By Susan Jones, Cara Francis, Anna Leung and Adrian Pinder Authors: Susan Jones, Cara Francis, Anna Leung and Adrian Pinder. Publisher: Department of Environment and Conservation, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983. Visit DEC’s website at www.dec.wa.gov.au. Editor: Samille Mitchell. Design: Spice Creative. Cover photograpy: Main: Banded stilt. Photo - Babs and Bert Wells/ DEC. Insets left to right: Gyraulus hesperus (snail), salt lake, aerial photo of typical salt lake chain found in the Avon. Photos - Wetlands group/DEC Science Division Copyright DEC 2009 ISBN: 978-1-921703-02-7 Acknowledgements This publication is supported by Wheatbelt Natural Resource Management Incorporated, through funding from the Australian and the Western Australian governments. The authors would like to thank the following people for their valuable contributions: Brian Timms (University of Newcastle and Australian Museum), Jim Lane (DEC), Rebecca Palumbo (Wheatbelt Natural Resource Management Incorporated), Paul Blechynden (DEC), Russell Shiel (University of Adelaide), Mike Lyons (DEC), Natalie Nicholson (DEC) and Lance Mudgway (DEC). Invertebrate photos displayed in this book are courtesy of the Wetlands group, Science Division/DEC. Common names and scientific names of waterbirds used in this booklet are consistent with the most up to date CSIRO/Australian Museum avian taxonomic list available at the time of printing (Christidis and Boles, 2008). Aquatic invertebrates and waterbirds of wetlands in the Avon region By Susan Jones, Cara Francis, Anna Leung and Adrian Pinder Contents Foreword 6 Waterbirds 70 Introduction 8 Ducks and swans 72 Wetlands in the region 12 Ducks and swans Chestnut teal Anas castanea 73 Invertebrates 26 (Family Anatidae) Grey teal Anas gracilis 74 Australasian shoveler Anas rhynchotis 75 Rotifers Rotifers 28 Pacific black duck Anas superciliosa 76 Worms and leeches Flatworms Phylum Platyhelminthes 30 Hardhead Aythya australis 77 Roundworms Phylum Nematoda 31 Musk duck Biziura lobata 78 Freshwater leeches Class Clitellata 32 Australian wood duck Chenonetta jubata 79 Aquatic earthworms Class Clitellata 33 or oligochaetes Black swan Cygnus atratus 80 Bristleworms Class Polychaeta 34 Mute swan Cygnus olor 81 Molluscs Salt lake snails Class Gastropoda 35 Pink-eared duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus 82 Freshwater snails Class Gastropoda 36 Blue-billed duck Oxyura australis 83 Mussels Class Bivalvia 37 Freckled duck Stictonetta naevosa 84 Water mites Water mites 38 Australian shelduck Tadorna tadornoides 85 Crustaceans Copepods Order Copepoda 40 Seed shrimps Order Ostracoda 42 Waterhens, coots and crakes 86 Water fleas Order Cladocera 44 Waterhens, coots Eurasian coot Fulica atra 87 Clam shrimp Orders Laevicaudata 46 and crakes Dusky moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa 88 and Spinicaudata (Family Rallidae) Purple swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 89 Shield shrimp Order Notostraca 47 Australian spotted crake Porzana fluminea 90 Brine shrimp Order Anostraca 48 Baillon’s crake Porzana pusilla 91 Fairy shrimp Order Anostraca 49 Black-tailed native hen Tribonyx ventralis 92 Side swimmers Order Amphipoda 50 Water slaters Order Isopoda 51 Freshwater prawns Order Decapoda 52 Swamp harriers Yabbies Order Decapoda 53 Swamp harriers Swamp harrier Circus approximans 93 (Family Accipitridae) Insects Flies Order Diptera 54 Caddisflies Order Trichoptera 60 Grebes 94 Moths and butterflies Order Lepidoptera 62 Grebes Great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus 95 Mayflies Order Ephemeroptera 63 (Family Podicipedidae) Hoary-headed grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus 96 Damselflies and dragonflies Order Odonata 64 Australasian grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae 97 Water bugs Order Hemiptera 66 Beetles Order Coleoptera 68 2 3 Contents Cormorants and darters 98 Stilts and avocets Banded stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus 126 Darters Australasian darter Anhinga novaehollandiae 99 (Family Recurvirostridae) Black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus 127 (Family Anhingidae) Red-necked avocet Recurvirostra novaehollandiae 128 Cormorants Little pied cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos 100 Sandpipers and allies Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 130 (Family Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 101 (Family Scolopacidae) Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres 131 Phalacrocoracidae) Little black cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris 102 Sharp-tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata 132 Pied cormorant Phalacrocorax varius 103 Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea 133 Red-necked stint Calidris ruficollis 134 Pelicans 104 Bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica 135 Little curlew Numenius minutus 136 Pelicans (Family Australian pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus 105 Pelecanidae) Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola 137 Common greenshank Tringa nebularia 138 Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 139 Large wading birds 106 Egrets and bitterns Eastern great egret Ardea modesta 107 (Family Ardeidae) White-necked heron Ardea pacifica 108 Australasian bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus 109 Gulls and terns 140 White-faced heron Egretta novaehollandiae 110 Gulls and terns (Family Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida 141 Nankeen night heron Nycticorax caledonicus 111 Laridae) Silver gull Chroicocephalus 142 Spoonbills and ibis Yellow-billed spoonbill Platalea flavipes 112 novaehollandiae (Family Royal spoonbill Platalea regia 114 Gull-billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica 143 Threskiornithidae) Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus 115 Australian white ibis Threskiornis molucca 116 Reed warblers and grassbirds 144 Straw-necked ibis Threskiornis spinicollis 117 Reed warblers Australian reed-warbler Acrocephalus australis 144 (Family Acrocephalidae) Little grassbird Little grassbird Megalurus gramineus 145 Shorebirds 118 (Family Megaluridae) Plovers and lapwings Red-capped plover Charadrius ruficapillus 119 (Family Charadriidae) Black-fronted dotterel Elseyornis melanops 120 Glossary 146 Red-kneed dotterel Erythrogonys cinctus 121 Grey plover Pluvialis squatarola 122 Bibliography 150 Hooded plover Thinornis rubricollis 123 Notes on your wetland 153 Banded lapwing Vanellus tricolor 124 4 5 Foreword More than 23,000 wetlands of on granite outcrops). This means the into lakes formerly the preserve of our various types and sizes have south-west of Western Australia is a native brine shrimps, Parartemia spp. been mapped in the Avon region biodiversity hot spot for many groups It is well recognised that wetlands in during the past few years. These of aquatic animals, just as it is for the Avon region are continuing to were highly valued by the original flowering plants. decline due to salinisation, acidification inhabitants of the region as well Wetlands are intriguing and weed invasion, and a changing as early European settlers. Aside ecosystems where the interplay of climate will have consequences for from being places of great beauty geomorphology, hydrology, water these wetlands that are as yet hard to and an integral part of south-west chemistry and biology can often be predict. This book fills a basic need for ecosystems, they were also sources more easily observed than elsewhere. amateurs and, yes professionals too, of food and provided water for Basic to these observations is the in the study and greater appreciation stock. Some early naturalists found ability to recognise the conspicuous of our wetlands and their unique an incredible diversity of life and animal and plant components. For animals. Invertebrates are categorised reported fascinating adaptations to plants and birds this is usually possible and many are illustrated, making it the pulse of the seasons. Barbara with the wealth of books available, less daunting to become familiar with York Main, then of Yorkrakine, but often impossible for invertebrates, the huge array of invertebrate life. Brian has been at the forefront of research into Australian wetlands recorded her discoveries in ‘Between partially due to a dearth of books, The notes on each group provide an Wodjil and Tor’ published in 1967. and their invertebrates for over but also to a lack of exposure to insight into their diverse and fascinating 40 years. Saline lakes have been Others, like Professor Dakin and invertebrates in our education. biology. The inclusion of waterbirds, a particular interest and, more overseas scientists represented by with notes on their ecology, add to the recently, fairy, brine and clam shrimps of the arid-zone. The Folk Linder, named some of the The diversity of waterbirds and usefulness of the book, if for no other especially invertebrates gives us Australian Society of Limnologists unique aquatic species. reason than saving on trouser pockets (scientists who study inland waters) important clues to the functioning to carry other references into the field. awarded Brian the prestigious Jolly In recent years, scientists from the of a wetland, so besides being While the book is written for the Avon Medal in 2002 for his works on Department of Environment and lakes all over Australia. a pleasurable pastime, their catchment, it will be useful across the Conservation, assisted by university identification is one of basic rest of the Wheatbelt and Goldfields, academics, consultants and museum importance to wetland studies. and even to some degree beyond the workers have been investigating the All of us can be involved, whether State. Just the wonderful images of region’s
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