DOCSLIB.ORG

Electrically Charged Magnetic Monopoles, Superstring Theory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Electrically Charged Magnetic Monopoles, Superstring Theory Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Electrically Charged Magnetic The Dirac Monopole Monopoles, Superstring Theory, and Grand Unified Wormholes Theories Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Theories Edward Olszewski Montonen–Olive Duality Supersymmetry Superstring March 14, 2014 Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory References Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Outline Monopole Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) The Dirac Monopole The Dirac Monopole Grand Unified Grand Unified Theories Theories Magnetic Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Unified Monopoles and Dyons in Grand Theories Unified Theories Montonen–Olive Montonen–Olive Duality Duality Supersymmetry Supersymmetry Superstring Superstring Theory Primer Theory Primer Magnetic Monopoles in Magnetic Monopoles in String Theory String Theory References References Appendix Appendix . Monopole The Maxwell Equations Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory Notation: (µ = 0; 1; 2; 3; i = 1; 2; 3), (Minkowski metric Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum Mechanics) with η00 = −1), (Levi-Cevità symbol: ϵ0123 = ϵ123 = 1), The Dirac (Lorentz-Heaviside units) Monopole Grand Unified Theories @E Magnetic r · E = ρe r × B − = Je Monopoles and @t Dyons in Grand @B Unified Theories r · B = 0 r × E + = 0 Montonen–Olive @t Duality Supersymmetry Maxwell - magnetic Potential Superstring Theory Primer Magnetic The Lorentz Force Equation Monopoles in String Theory F = qeE + qev × B References Appendix . Monopole Edward Olszewski The Maxwell Equations (magnetic) Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum E ! B B ! −E Mechanics) ! ! − The Dirac Je Jm Jm Je Monopole ρe ! ρm ρm ! −ρe Grand Unified Theories Magnetic Monopoles and @ Dyons in Grand B Unified Theories r · B = ρm −∇ × E − = Jm @t Montonen–Olive @E Duality −∇ · E = 0 r × B − = 0 @t Supersymmetry Superstring Theory Primer Maxwell - electric Magnetic Monopoles in The Lorentz Force Equation String Theory References F = qmB − qmv × E Appendix . Monopole The Potential Function Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism Consequently, The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation Minimal Coupling (Quantum r × A = B since r · (r × A) = 0 Mechanics) The Dirac −∇ 0 @A r × r 0 Monopole A = E + since A = 0 Grand Unified @t Theories or Magnetic Monopoles and 0 @A Dyons in Grand −∇A − = E : Unified Theories @t Montonen–Olive Duality Maxwell - electric Supersymmetry Superstring Gauge Transformation Theory Primer Magnetic E and B are invariant under Monopoles in String Theory @χ References A0 ! A0 + A ! A − rχ @t Appendix . Monopole Edward Olszewski µ i Gauge Potential: A = Aµdx = A0dt + Ai dx Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory ! − µ Compact Notation Gauge Transform: A A dχ(x ) Minimal Coupling (Quantum − Mechanics) Field Strength: F= dA The Dirac Monopole 1 µ ν (gauge invarient = (@µAν − @νAµ)dx ^ dx Grand Unified 2 Theories 1 µ ν Magnetic due to ddχ = 0) = Fµνdx ^ dx Monopoles and 2 Dyons in Grand Unified Theories k 0 i 1 k i j E and B F =E δki dx ^ dx + B ϵkij dx ^ dx Montonen–Olive 2 Duality ∗ ≡ αβ µ ^ ν Supersymmetry F Fαβ ϵµν dx dx Superstring k 0 i 1 k i j Theory Primer =B δki dx ^ dx − E ϵkij dx ^ dx 2 Magnetic ∗ Monopoles in duality : F ! F; (Ei ! Bi ; Bi ! −Ei ) String Theory References ∗∗F = −F Appendix . Monopole Euler equation (inhomogeneous): δF = −∗d ∗F = j Edward Olszewski Electromagnetism The Maxwell Theory Compact Notation − r · Minimal Coupling (Quantum δF = E dt + Mechanics) − r × · The Dirac + ( @t E + B) dx Monopole µ je =jeµ dx = −ρedt + Je · dx Grand Unified Theories Magnetic Monopoles
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Magnetic Monopole Searches See the Related Review(S): Magnetic Monopoles
    Citation: P.A. Zyla et al. (Particle Data Group), Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 083C01 (2020) Magnetic Monopole Searches See the related review(s): Magnetic Monopoles Monopole Production Cross Section — Accelerator Searches X-SECT MASS CHG ENERGY (cm2) (GeV) (g) (GeV) BEAM DOCUMENT ID TECN <2.5E−37 200–6000 1 13000 pp 1 ACHARYA 17 INDU <2E−37 200–6000 2 13000 pp 1 ACHARYA 17 INDU <4E−37 200–5000 3 13000 pp 1 ACHARYA 17 INDU <1.5E−36 400–4000 4 13000 pp 1 ACHARYA 17 INDU <7E−36 1000–3000 5 13000 pp 1 ACHARYA 17 INDU <5E−40 200–2500 0.5–2.0 8000 pp 2 AAD 16AB ATLS <2E−37 100–3500 1 8000 pp 3 ACHARYA 16 INDU <2E−37 100–3500 2 8000 pp 3 ACHARYA 16 INDU <6E−37 500–3000 3 8000 pp 3 ACHARYA 16 INDU <7E−36 1000–2000 4 8000 pp 3 ACHARYA 16 INDU <1.6E−38 200–1200 1 7000 pp 4 AAD 12CS ATLS <5E−38 45–102 1 206 e+ e− 5 ABBIENDI 08 OPAL <0.2E−36 200–700 1 1960 p p 6 ABULENCIA 06K CNTR < 2.E−36 1 300 e+ p 7,8 AKTAS 05A INDU < 0.2 E−36 2 300 e+ p 7,8 AKTAS 05A INDU < 0.09E−36 3 300 e+ p 7,8 AKTAS 05A INDU < 0.05E−36 ≥ 6 300 e+ p 7,8 AKTAS 05A INDU < 2.E−36 1 300 e+ p 7,9 AKTAS 05A INDU < 0.2E−36 2 300 e+ p 7,9 AKTAS 05A INDU < 0.07E−36 3 300 e+ p 7,9 AKTAS 05A INDU < 0.06E−36 ≥ 6 300 e+ p 7,9 AKTAS 05A INDU < 0.6E−36 >265 1 1800 p p 10 KALBFLEISCH 04 INDU < 0.2E−36 >355 2 1800 p p 10 KALBFLEISCH 04 INDU < 0.07E−36 >410 3 1800 p p 10 KALBFLEISCH 04 INDU < 0.2E−36 >375 6 1800 p p 10 KALBFLEISCH 04 INDU < 0.7E−36 >295 1 1800 p p 11,12 KALBFLEISCH 00 INDU < 7.8E−36 >260 2 1800 p p 11,12 KALBFLEISCH 00 INDU < 2.3E−36 >325 3 1800 p p 11,13 KALBFLEISCH 00 INDU < 0.11E−36 >420 6 1800 p p 11,13 KALBFLEISCH 00 INDU <0.65E−33 <3.3 ≥ 2 11A 197Au 14,15 HE 97 <1.90E−33 <8.1 ≥ 2 160A 208Pb 14,15 HE 97 <3.E−37 <45.0 1.0 88–94 e+ e− PINFOLD 93 PLAS <3.E−37 <41.6 2.0 88–94 e+ e− PINFOLD 93 PLAS <7.E−35 <44.9 0.2–1.0 89–93 e+ e− KINOSHITA 92 PLAS <2.E−34 <850 ≥ 0.5 1800 p p BERTANI 90 PLAS <1.2E−33 <800 ≥ 1 1800 p p PRICE 90 PLAS <1.E−37 <29 1 50–61 e+ e− KINOSHITA 89 PLAS <1.E−37 <18 2 50–61 e+ e− KINOSHITA 89 PLAS <1.E−38 <17 <1 35 e+ e− BRAUNSCH..
    [Show full text]
  • Electromagnetic Duality, Quaternion and Supersymmetric Gauge
    Electromagnetic Duality, Quaternion and Supersymmetric Gauge Theories of Dyons H. Dehnen and O. P. S. Negi∗ 2nd July 2021 Universitt Konstanz Fachbereich Physik Postfach M 677 D-78457 Konstanz,Germany Email:[email protected] ops [email protected] Abstract Starting with the generalized potentials, currents, field tensors and elec- tromagnetic vector fields of dyons as the complex complex quantities with real and imaginary counter parts as electric and magnetic constituents, we have established the electromagnetic duality for various fields and equations of motion associated with dyons in consistent way. It has been shown that the manifestly covariant forms of generalized field equations and equation of motion of dyons are invariant under duality transformations. Quaternionic formulation for generalized fields of dyons are developed and corresponding field equations are derived in compact and simpler manner. Supersymmetric gauge theories are accordingly reviewed to discuss the behaviour of duali- ties associated with BPS mass formula of dyons in terms of supersymmetric charges. Consequently, the higher dimensional supersymmetric gauge the- ories for N=2 and N=4 supersymmetries are analysed over the fields of arXiv:hep-th/0608164v1 23 Aug 2006 complex and quaternions respectively. 1 Introduction The asymmetry between electricity and magnetism became very clear at the end of 19th century with the formulation of Maxwell’s equations. Magnetic monopoles were advocated [1] to symmetrize these equations in a manifest way that the mere existence of an isolated magnetic charge implies the quantization of electric charge and accordingly the considerable literature [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] has come in force.
    [Show full text]
  • The Moedal Experiment at the LHC. Searching Beyond the Standard
    126 EPJ Web of Conferences , 02024 (2016) DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201612602024 ICNFP 2015 The MoEDAL experiment at the LHC Searching beyond the standard model James L. Pinfold (for the MoEDAL Collaboration)1,a 1 University of Alberta, Physics Department, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 0V1, Canada Abstract. MoEDAL is a pioneering experiment designed to search for highly ionizing avatars of new physics such as magnetic monopoles or massive (pseudo-)stable charged particles. Its groundbreaking physics program defines a number of scenarios that yield potentially revolutionary insights into such foundational questions as: are there extra dimensions or new symmetries; what is the mechanism for the generation of mass; does magnetic charge exist; what is the nature of dark matter; and, how did the big-bang develop. MoEDAL’s purpose is to meet such far-reaching challenges at the frontier of the field. The innovative MoEDAL detector employs unconventional methodologies tuned to the prospect of discovery physics. The largely passive MoEDAL detector, deployed at Point 8 on the LHC ring, has a dual nature. First, it acts like a giant camera, comprised of nuclear track detectors - analyzed offline by ultra fast scanning microscopes - sensitive only to new physics. Second, it is uniquely able to trap the particle messengers of physics beyond the Standard Model for further study. MoEDAL’s radiation environment is monitored by a state-of-the-art real-time TimePix pixel detector array. A new MoEDAL sub-detector to extend MoEDAL’s reach to millicharged, minimally ionizing, particles (MMIPs) is under study Finally we shall describe the next step for MoEDAL called Cosmic MoEDAL, where we define a very large high altitude array to take the search for highly ionizing avatars of new physics to higher masses that are available from the cosmos.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnetic Monopoles and Dyons Revisited
    European Journal of Physics PAPER Related content - Magnetic monopoles Magnetic monopoles and dyons revisited: a useful Kimball A Milton - On the classical motion of a charge in the contribution to the study of classical mechanics field of a magnetic monopole Jean Sivardière To cite this article: Renato P dos Santos 2015 Eur. J. Phys. 36 035022 - Magnetic monopoles in gauge field theories P Goddard and D I Olive View the article online for updates and enhancements. Recent citations - A discussion of Bl conservation on a two dimensional magnetic field plane in watt balances Shisong Li et al This content was downloaded from IP address 131.169.5.251 on 15/11/2018 at 01:17 European Journal of Physics Eur. J. Phys. 36 (2015) 035022 (22pp) doi:10.1088/0143-0807/36/3/035022 Magnetic monopoles and dyons revisited: a useful contribution to the study of classical mechanics Renato P dos Santos PPGECIM, ULBRA—Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001—Pr. 14, S. 338—92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Received 6 October 2014, revised 20 February 2015 Accepted for publication 23 February 2015 Published 27 March 2015 Abstract Graduate-level physics curricula in many countries around the world, as well as senior-level undergraduate ones in some major institutions, include classical mechanics courses, mostly based on Goldstein’s textbook masterpiece. During the discussion of central force motion, however, the Kepler problem is vir- tually the only serious application presented. In this paper, we present another problem that is also soluble, namely the interaction of Schwinger’s dual- charged (dyon) particles.
    [Show full text]
  • Accelerator Search of the Magnetic Monopo
    Accelerator Based Magnetic Monopole Search Experiments (Overview) Vasily Dzhordzhadze, Praveen Chaudhari∗, Peter Cameron, Nicholas D’Imperio, Veljko Radeka, Pavel Rehak, Margareta Rehak, Sergio Rescia, Yannis Semertzidis, John Sondericker, and Peter Thieberger. Brookhaven National Laboratory ABSTRACT We present an overview of accelerator-based searches for magnetic monopoles and we show why such searches are important for modern particle physics. Possible properties of monopoles are reviewed as well as experimental methods used in the search for them at accelerators. Two types of experimental methods, direct and indirect are discussed. Finally, we describe proposed magnetic monopole search experiments at RHIC and LHC. Content 1. Magnetic Monopole characteristics 2. Experimental techniques 3. Monopole Search experiments 4. Magnetic Monopoles in virtual processes 5. Future experiments 6. Summary 1. Magnetic Monopole characteristics The magnetic monopole puzzle remains one of the fundamental and unsolved problems in physics. This problem has a along history. The military engineer Pierre de Maricourt [1] in1269 was breaking magnets, trying to separate their poles. P. Curie assumed the existence of single magnetic poles [2]. A real breakthrough happened after P. Dirac’s approach to the solution of the electron charge quantization problem [3]. Before Dirac, J. Maxwell postulated his fundamental laws of electrodynamics [4], which represent a complete description of all known classical electromagnetic phenomena. Together with the Lorenz force law and the Newton equations of motion, they describe all the classical dynamics of interacting charged particles and electromagnetic fields. In analogy to electrostatics one can add a magnetic charge, by introducing a magnetic charge density, thus magnetic fields are no longer due solely to the motion of an electric charge and in Maxwell equation a magnetic current will appear in analogy to the electric current.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnetic Monopoles
    Magnetic Monopoles Since Maxwell discovered the unified theory, Maxwell equations, of electric and magnetic forces, people have studied its implications. Maxwell conjectured the electromagnetic wave in his equations to be the light, based on the speed of electromagnetic wave being close to the speed of light. Since Herz and Heaviside, independently, have written the current form of Maxwell’s equations, 1905 Poincare and Einstein independently found the Lorentz transformation which is the property of Maxwell equation. The study of cathode ray has led to the discovery of electrons. The electron orbits are bending around when a magnet was brought near it. By imagining the motion of electron near a tip of a very long solenoid, Poincare introduced a magnetic monopole around which the magnetic field comes out radially. B = gr/r3 1. Consider the motion of a charged particle with equation of motion, m d2r/dt2 = e v x B Find the conserved energy E and the explicit form of the conserved angular momentum J=mr x dr/dt+.… 2. Find the orbit of the charged particle. 3. Consider the motion of two magnetic monopoles appearing in the 4-dim field theory. Magnetic monopoles are characterized by their positions and internal phase angle. The Lagrangian for the relative position r and phase ψ is given as below. where ψ ~ ψ+2π and ∇xw(r)= -r/r3 , and r0 and a are constant positive parameters.. µ r r 1 1 a2 L = 1+ 0 r˙ 2 + r2 1+ 0 − (ψ˙ + w(r) r˙)2 + 0 2 r0 2 r r · 2µr0 1+ r Calling the conserved charge q under the shift symmetry of ψ and the conjugate momentum π of the coordinate r, find the expression for the conserved energy and angular momentum J.
    [Show full text]
  • 117. Magnetic Monopoles
    1 117. Magnetic Monopoles 117. Magnetic Monopoles Revised August 2019 by D. Milstead (Stockholm U.) and E.J. Weinberg (Columbia U.). 117.1 Theory of magnetic monopoles The symmetry between electric and magnetic fields in the source-free Maxwell’s equations naturally suggests that electric charges might have magnetic counterparts, known as magnetic monopoles. Although the greatest interest has been in the supermassive monopoles that are a firm prediction of all grand unified theories, one cannot exclude the possibility of lighter monopoles. In either case, the magnetic charge is constrained by a quantization condition first found by Dirac [1]. Consider a monopole with magnetic charge QM and a Coulomb magnetic field Q ˆr B = M . (117.1) 4π r2 Any vector potential A whose curl is equal to B must be singular along some line running from the origin to spatial infinity. This Dirac string singularity could potentially be detected through the extra phase that the wavefunction of a particle with electric charge QE would acquire if it moved along a loop encircling the string. For the string to be unobservable, this phase must be a multiple of 2π. Requiring that this be the case for any pair of electric and magnetic charges gives min min the condition that all charges be integer multiples of minimum charges QE and QM obeying min min QE QM = 2π . (117.2) (For monopoles which also carry an electric charge, called dyons [2], the quantization conditions on their electric charges can be modified. However, the constraints on magnetic charges, as well as those on all purely electric particles, will be unchanged.) Another way to understand this result is to note that the conserved orbital angular momentum of a point electric charge moving in the field of a magnetic monopole has an additional component, with L = mr × v − 4πQEQM ˆr (117.3) Requiring the radial component of L to be quantized in half-integer units yields Eq.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous Gravitational Waves and Magnetic Monopole Signatures from Single Neutron Stars
    PHYSICAL REVIEW D 101, 075028 (2020) Continuous gravitational waves and magnetic monopole signatures from single neutron stars † ‡ P. V. S. Pavan Chandra,1,* Mrunal Korwar,2, and Arun M. Thalapillil 1, 1Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India 2Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA (Received 2 December 2019; accepted 1 April 2020; published 15 April 2020) Future observations of continuous gravitational waves from single neutron stars, apart from their monumental astrophysical significance, could also shed light on fundamental physics and exotic particle states. One such avenue is based on the fact that magnetic fields cause deformations of a neutron star, which results in a magnetic-field-induced quadrupole ellipticity. If the magnetic and rotation axes are different, this quadrupole ellipticity may generate continuous gravitational waves which may last decades, and may be observable in current or future detectors. Light, milli-magnetic monopoles, if they exist, could be pair-produced nonperturbatively in the extreme magnetic fields of neutron stars, such as magnetars. This nonperturbative production furnishes a new, direct dissipative mechanism for the neutron star magnetic fields. Through their consequent effect on the magnetic-field-induced quadrupole ellipticity, they may then potentially leave imprints in the early stage continuous gravitational wave emissions. We speculate on this possibility in the present study, by considering some of the relevant physics and taking a very simplified toy model of a magnetar as the prototypical system. Preliminary indications are that new- born millisecond magnetars could be promising candidates to look for such imprints.
    [Show full text]
  • Measurement of Neutrino's Magnetic Monopole Charge, Vacuum Energy and Cause of Quantum Mechanical Uncertainty
    Measurement of Neutrino's Magnetic Monopole Charge, Vacuum Energy and Cause of Quantum Mechanical Uncertainty Eue Jin Jeong ( [email protected] ) Tachyonics Research Institute Dennis Edmondson Columbia College, Marysville, Washington Research Article Keywords: fundamental physics, elementary particle physics, electricity and magnetism, experimental physics Posted Date: October 9th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-88897/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Measurement of Neutrino's Magnetic Monopole Charge, Vacuum Energy and Cause of Quantum Mechanical Uncertainty Abstract Charge conservation in the theory of elementary particle physics is one of the best- established principles in physics. As such, if there are magnetic monopoles in the universe, the magnetic charge will most likely be a conserved quantity like electric charges. If neutrinos are magnetic monopoles, as physicists have speculated the possibility, then neutrons must also have a magnetic monopole charge, and the Earth should show signs of having a magnetic monopole charge on a macroscopic scale. To test this hypothesis, experiments were performed to detect the magnetic monopole's effect near the equator by measuring the Earth's radial magnetic force using two balanced high strength neodymium rods magnets that successfully identified the magnetic monopole charge. From this observation, we conclude that at least the electron neutrino which is a byproduct of weak decay of the neutron must be magnetic monopole. We present mathematical expressions for the vacuum electric field based on the findings and discuss various physical consequences related to the symmetry in Maxwell's equations, the origin of quantum mechanical uncertainty, the medium for electromagnetic wave propagation in space, and the logistic distribution of the massive number of magnetic monopoles in the universe.
    [Show full text]
  • Dyon-Axion Dynamics
    Volume 125B, number 2,3 PHYSICS LETTERS 26 May 1983 DYON-AXION DYNAMICS Willy FISCHLER 1 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and John PRESKILL 2 Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 25 February 1983 We examine the coupling between magnetic monopoles and axions induced by the Witten effect, and discuss the cosmo- logical implications of monopole-axion interactions. The discovery by Witten [ 1] that a magnetic mono- oscillations of the axion field [5] to relax to a cosmo- pole of minimal magnetic charge acquires electric logically acceptable value. charge -e0/2~r in a 0-vacuum has led to deep insights To derive the connection between the Witten effect into the fermionic structure of monopoles [2]. In this and the monopole-axion coupling, we recall that the note, we point out another implication of the Witten lagrangian density of electrodynamics may contain the effect - this effect induces a coupling between mono- term poles and axions. We compute the energy of the axion •120 = (Oe2/47r2)E.B, (1) ground state in the field of a magnetic monopole and the cross section for axion-monopole scattering, in an where 0 is a free parameter. In the absence of magnet- idealized world in which there are no light electrically- ic charges, this term is a total divergence, and has no charged fermions. Unfortunately, axion-monopole physical consequences. But if a magnetic monopole is interactions become drastically modified if light present, this term has important effects. charged fermions exist, and our calculations do not In unified models in which the CP-nonconservation apply to this more realistic case.
    [Show full text]
  • Exotic Particles in Topological Insulators
    EXOTIC PARTICLES IN TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Rundong Li July 2010 © 2010 by Rundong Li. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/yx514yb1109 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Shoucheng Zhang, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Ian Fisher I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Steven Kivelson Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Abstract Recently a new class of quantum state of matter, the time-reversal invariant topo- logical insulators, have been theoretically proposed and experimentally discovered.
    [Show full text]
  • Electromagnetic Duality for Children
    Electromagnetic Duality for Children JM Figueroa-O'Farrill [email protected] Version of 8 October 1998 Contents I The Simplest Example: SO(3) 11 1 Classical Electromagnetic Duality 12 1.1 The Dirac Monopole ....................... 12 1.1.1 And in the beginning there was Maxwell... 12 1.1.2 The Dirac quantisation condition . 14 1.1.3 Dyons and the Zwanziger{Schwinger quantisation con- dition ........................... 16 1.2 The 't Hooft{Polyakov Monopole . 18 1.2.1 The bosonic part of the Georgi{Glashow model . 18 1.2.2 Finite-energy solutions: the 't Hooft{Polyakov Ansatz . 20 1.2.3 The topological origin of the magnetic charge . 24 1.3 BPS-monopoles .......................... 26 1.3.1 Estimating the mass of a monopole: the Bogomol'nyi bound ........................... 27 1.3.2 Saturating the bound: the BPS-monopole . 28 1.4 Duality conjectures ........................ 30 1.4.1 The Montonen{Olive conjecture . 30 1.4.2 The Witten e®ect ..................... 31 1.4.3 SL(2; Z) duality ...................... 33 2 Supersymmetry 39 2.1 The super-Poincar¶ealgebra in four dimensions . 40 2.1.1 Some notational remarks about spinors . 40 2.1.2 The Coleman{Mandula and Haag{ÃLopusza¶nski{Sohnius theorems .......................... 42 2.2 Unitary representations of the supersymmetry algebra . 44 2.2.1 Wigner's method and the little group . 44 2.2.2 Massless representations . 45 2.2.3 Massive representations . 47 No central charges .................... 48 Adding central charges . 49 1 [email protected] draft version of 8/10/1998 2.3 N=2 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills .
    [Show full text]