Lnsect Prey of Syrphidae (Diptera) from Lndia and Neighbouring Countries: a Review and Bibliography

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Tropical Pest Management 27{.1l.: 62-82 @ Crown Copyright, 1981

lnsect prey of Syrphidae (Diptera) from lndia and Neighbouring Countries: a Review and Bibliography

Kumar D. Ghorpad6

０ D epartm en t of E ntom ology, １ ■ １ ■ U niversity of Agricultural Sciences, ｒｌ〓 Bangalore - 56OO24, lndia.

Abstract. A comprehensive list of the insect prey of 47 species of Syrphidae from lndia and neighbouring countries is presented, including a total of b42 individual records. The introduction includes a detailed summary, with references, of different insect groups known to be preyed upon by syrphids from all over the world, this being the first time that such a summation has been attempted for the syrphidae. pertinent information on predacious syrphids. their role as biocontrol agents, and a short historical account of lndian work on their biology and ecology is provided. The syrphid-prey list details recorded information on the 47 species of syrphids for whom prey have been recorded. This includes the author,s own rearings and other unpublished data from the clBc lndian station. which together total 46 new prey records. lncorrect prey data and doubtful predator identifications are indicated or corrected. The prey-syrphid index gives the syrphid species recorded as preying upon the 77 prey species listed. The list of references constitutes a bibliography of all papers citing prey information on lndian syrphids, as well as those providing data on different prey groups of world Syrphidae.

lntroduction * Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) are a large group(world: 3700+ spp.; lndian subcontinenu 650+ spp.) of considerable economic importance. comprising many species that are some of the most destructive pests of crop マ plants. Among their more important predators are the lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the hover-flies ー (Diptera: Syrphidae). Although a considerable amount of research has been conducted on tfu biology and ecology ■ of the coccinellids, the syrphids, as a group, have been somewhat neglected.

The Syrphidae is a large very and diversified family of Diptera with a worldwide distribution. The flies, \ characterised by the almost universal occurrence of a 'false vein' in the wing, can be recognised in the field by their penchant for hovering over flowers in bright sunshine, their rapidly vibrating wings often producing a loud droning sound. These idiosyncracies given have them their common English names -'hover-flies','flower-flies,,,sun-flies, and'drone'flies'. Most syrphids are brightly coloured, being effective mimics of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera).i Over 5000 species have been described in more than 500 genera from the world (lndian subregion: 71 gen.,312 spp.), but many more doubtless await discovery, especially in the tropics, from where the syrphid fauna is poorly r documented in comparison to our knowledge of the family in the temperate regions, particularly in Europe and North America. The last comprehensive monograph on lndian Syrphidae was by Brunetti (1923) and I am now \ * engaged in a study of the taxonomy and natural history of oriental species. The food habits of the adult flies are rather uniform, nearly all of them feeding on pollen and nectar, as well as on honeydew produced by several Homoptera. Their larvae. on the other hand, present a variety of food preferences, around one-third of them (subfamily Syrphinae) being predacious, while the rest (sub-families Eristalinae and Micro- dontinae) are either saprophagous or phytophagous. Larvae of some New World Syrphinae. belonging to the endemic tribe Toxomerini, however, have been reported to feed on pollen grains and saccharine cells in leaf axils of maize, Zea mays (Davidson, (1973) 1916). Telford gave other records of American Syrphini developing on plant food. One tribe, the Pipizini, of uncertain subfamilial affinity, but currently included in the Eristalinae, contains species whose predacious larvae are on*loriopter:a (mainly Aphididae and Adelgidae). The Microdontinae, whose peculiar slug-like larvae are, uniformly, denizens of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests, are now recognised as a third subfamily L ′

′

― ― ― J′ 一 ´

Prey of lndian Syrphidae - Ghorpad6 63

(ThOmpson,1969). The fOOd habits of their:arvae are st‖ l poorly understood and it is not very clear whether they represent saprophages or are true predators of ant:arvae and/or ant guests,inciuding Homoptera{see w‖ son,1971: Thompson′ 1972a:Lopez and Bonaric′ 1977). HoweVer,Van Pe!t and Van Pelt(1972)obserVed a species of MicrodO17 feeding′ in the!arva:stage,on ant iarvae in the laboratory′ in Texas(USA).

An overwhe:ming malority Of the predacious Syrphidae feed on aphids and many!ists of their aphid prey are avai:ab:e{e.9.,Campbe‖ and Davidson,1924:Ninomyia,1956,1957a,1957b′ 1962;Thompson and Simmonds′ 1965;Okuno,1967;Herting and Simmonds′ 1972a:Ghosh,1974). Besides aphids,syrphid!arvae are knOwn to feed on Adelgidae{e.g.,C:ark,1932,Wi!son′ 1938}′ A!eyrodidae(But:er′ 1938),Aphrophoridae(Musa′ 1975)′ Cercopidae (Pick!es,1938),Cicade‖ idae(Metca:f,1916),Coccoidea(Davidson,1916),De:phacidae(Loftin and Christenson′ 1933),Flatidae(Terry,1905)′ Membracidae{Chaverri′ 1954),Miridae{Lean′ 1926),Phy‖ Oxeridae(Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy,1972),Psy‖ idae(Cottere‖ ′1927),Tingidae{Conne‖ and Beacher′ 1947}′ e99s and larvae of Chrysome:idae{Ke‖ er,1917)′ :arvae and pupae of Coccine‖ idae(Deiucchi,1954}′ iarvae of Derodontidae{Franz′ 1958),Muscidae in a torpid state(Metcalf,1916),other adu:t Diptera(Verra:l,1901}′ larvae of Aphe:inidae, accidenta‖ y′ through aphid prey{Rahman and Khan,1941b)′ larvae of Tenthredinidae(Gabler,1939}′ !aⅣ ae of

Lep:dOptera(Mi‖ er′ 1918)′ e9gS Of Chrysopidae(Bhatia and Shaffi′ 1933),ThySanOptera(Davidson,1916),Acari (McGre9or and McDonough′ 1917,McMurtry θr aム ′1970),and′ prObabiv′ on some other groups as we‖ . See Thompson and Simmonds(1965)and Herting and Sinlmonds(1971,1972a,1972b′ 1972c,1973)for additiona: records of the above prey groupsin the:iterature. The adu:t flies′ themseives of some economic vaiue,are considered se∞ nd only in impOrtance to the bees(Apo嗅ガaS pO!linators of cul面 vated and wild p:ants(see Knuth′ 1906: Rahman′ 1942,C)ldroyd′ 1964,Ghose,1966:Pandey and Yadava′ 1970:Free,1970,Faegri and van der Pill′ 1971: Ho!:oway,1976:Wil!iams,1977).

Though:arvae of the aphidopha9ous species of Syrphidae reduce naturai popu:ations of aphids{see Hagen and van den Bosch′ 1968)′ no inStance of a successfui bio:ogicai contro:through the employment of a syrphid alone has been repOrted so far. However′ biologica:contro:of the sugarcane froghopper′ ′4θ ο′″η′a rarra s“ c力arrJ7a{Distant) "θ (=rOmaspお yar′θF.′ I saccわ aril● a Dist.)(HOmoptera:Cercopidae)′ has been attempted by using its syrphid predator,Sarp′ ″gοgaster″′σ晨,SChiner′ in Trinidad,West indies(Kershaw′ 1913}. Guag:iumi{1968)reported simi:ar work on the blo!ogica:controi of another sugarcane cercopid′ ″a力 arar"rybた trrdaわ dentara walker(=肌 ροstrcala sta:)′ in Brazil′ using the syrphid SarpingOgastarρ ′gop力οra Schiner. Knutson{1971)gives detalls of further prey and puparia of species of Sarping"ass_ The limitation in the use of syrphid f:ies in bioio9:cal control stems main:y from the prob:em of rearing the adults and the larvae which depend upOn entirely different sources of food′ as discussed by Schneider{1969). Frazer(1972)′ however′ described a sirnp:e and efficient rnethod of rearing aphidopha9ous hover‐ flies in the!aboratory,and Rこ ziё ka(1974)deve:Oped an artificia!pO‖ en diet forЛ rasyrp力 υs "θ cοro/raθ (F.)adu!ts. Cotes(1893)and Austen{1893}provided the first data on prey of!ndian Syrphidae. Accounts of predacious habits of syrphid species from this area were summarised by Maxwe::‐ Lefroy(1906),How!ett{1909}′ Fletcher(1914) and Beeson(1961). There is no comp:ete!ist of the insect prey of syrphids of the lndian area,though some information is available in the gё nerai worid catalogues of Thompson and Simrnonds(1965)and of Herting and Simmonds{1971,1972a′ 1972b′ 1972c′ 1973). HoweVer′ partial lists from india(Bhatia and Shaffi,1933,Cherian′ 1934:Mathur,1935,Rahman′ 1940,Anand θral′ 1967,Pate:and Pate:,1969al Rao,1969ai Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy,1972,Ghosh,1974),Pakistan(Rahman,1940:Alam and Hafiz,1963;Habib and Ghani′ 1970; Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy′ 1972),and Sri Lanka(DeSi:va′ 1961)have been pub:ished. There are no records of syrphid prev either from Burma or from the island groups in this area. Added to the scarcity of information on the food―eco!ogy of indian Syrphidae′ there appears to be a lack of awareness among:ndian and other workers regarding the fact that on!y asma‖ segment of species in this fami!y arer in actua:ity,predaciousi and that the larger nunnber of them are not(see a:SO Sevastopu!o,1975). 「¬ wO examp:es of such misconceptions are found in Atwa:θ t aた {1971) and in Abde:‐ Shaheed θt al(1972). This paper presents a synthesis of our knowledge of the insect prey of syrphids from india and neighbouring countries,based not only On published records′ but a:so on the resu:ts of rny own rearings(Ghorpad`,1973a,1974) of field‐ co‖ ected material. Altogether′ rnore than 170 different batches of syrphid!arvae were co‖ ected and reared during 1968-72 invo!ving about 60 syrphid‐ prey cOmbinations. My own rearings have supplied 27 new prey records, wh‖ e19 more new records are included′ based on information supplied by co‖ eagues in correspondence and on the unpublished records in Rao{1969b). The area considered here comprises the lndian Union,Pakistan′ Burma′ Bang!adesh′ Nepa:′ Sri Lanka,Bhutan,the Maldive lsiands and the Chagos Archipe!ago. The ciassification fo‖ owed is based on Vockeroth(1969)for the syrphinae and on Thompson(1969′ 1972b)for the Microdontinae and Eristalinae(=Milesiinae,M ilesinae). The nomenclature isthat of the Carattθ οfO『■enta′ S/rp力 riraθ (Knutson

θr aι ′1975}. 64 Tropical Pest Managemenf Vol. 27 No. 1. March 1981

It should be noted here that except for my own prey records, which have been personally reared and both the predators and prey carefully identified, all other records listed are based on information published by the various workers to whom they are credited. The authenticity of these, in several cases, is not fully established and confir- mation by careful work in future would be very desirable. However, where certain prey records or predator identities have seemed questionable, I have indicated these by a dagger (t).

All relevant literature up to the end of 1978 have been checked for prey data. Though every effort has been made to include all possible prey information pertaining to lndian Syrphidae, based on a fairly exhaustive search in the available literature, I am aware that some published records may not have been included in the paper. I would be veiy grateful if such omissions and any errors in the following list are promptly brought to my notice.

Syrphid-Prey List

For the current nomenclature of the prey insects, I have consulted the latest authoritative works. For the Psyllidae, I have followed the monograph of Mathur (1975). For the Aleyrodidae, the paper by David and Subramaniam (1976) was consulted. For the Aphididae, I have used the nomenclature as adopted by Eastop and Hille Ris Lambers (1976), with the exception that subgeneric and infraspecific names have been ignored, except in two cases. The prey are listed in alphabetical order under each syrphid species, and if more than two records are listed for each prey species under the same syrphid, these are chronologically arranged. Undetermined prey taxa (even genus not known) are listed alphabetically after the identified taxa based on the name of their host plants, whether common or scientific. Authors of scientific names of prey species are given in full when first cited, and are subsequently omitted. Where the actual locality is not specified, it could, in my opinion. be safely interpreted as 'lndia'. All localities given are from within the lndian Union unless otherwise specified. When only common English names of host plants were given in the original paper, I give its scientific equivalent, in parenthesis, when first mentioned. New prey records are asterisked (*) and erroneous or doubtful ones indicated by a dagger(t).

Subfamily SYRPH INAE f ribe Paragini Paragus atratus de Meijere Aphididae (Homoptera) Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) - No locality (Rau, 1936); lndia (Thompson and Simmonds, 1965; Rao,1969a).

Paragus bicolor (Fabricius) Aphididae Aphis craccivora Koch - Pakistan (Hamid et al., 19771.

Paragus indicus Brunetti Aphididae Aphis citricola van der Goot - Kalimpong (Raychaudhuri et al., 19781. A. craccivora Pakistan (Hamid et al., 19771. *Penblonia - nigronervosa Coquerel Mudigere (Siddappaji, in litt.l. *Toxoptera - aurantii - Assam (Sengupta, in litt.l. Aphids on Carth am us o xyacan th a - Timurgaraha, in Pakistan (G hani, 1 965 ).

Paragus serratus (Fabricius) [probably misidentified in part] Aphididae Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) - Pakistan (Hamid et al., 19741. Aphis citricola - Gauhati, Nilambur (Rao, 1969b); lndia (Ghosh,1974l. A. craccivora I Detfri (Kapur, 1942);Anand (Patel and Patel, 1969a!;Coimbatore, Dehra Dun (Rao, 1969b); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a); lndia (Ghosh,19741; Pakistan (Hamid et al., 19771; Moirang in Manipur (Raychaudhuri et al., 19781. A. gossypii Glover - lndia (Rao, 1969a); Ernakulam (Rao, 1969b); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Prey of lndian Syrphidae - Ghorpad6 65

Aphis sp. Gauhati (Rao, 1969b). *Lipaphis - erysimi (Kaltenbach) - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a1. Tetraneura nigriabdominals (Sasaki) Coimbatore area (Vadivelu et al., 19761. *Therioaphis - trifolii (Monell) - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Toxoptera aurantii No locality (Rau, 1936); lndia (Thompson and Simmonds, 1965; Rao, 1969a). *Toxoptera - citricidus (Kirkaldy) - Bangalore (Ghorpadd, 1973a). Aphids on the following host plants: Centaurea iberica - Jandool, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Cnicus wallichi - Dehra Dun (Rao, 1969b). Cotton (Gossypium spp.) - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, t933); No locality (Rahman, 1940). Cucumis melo - Butkhela and Timurgaraha, in Pakistan (Ghani, l965). Dolichos lablab - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); No locality (Rahman, 1g40). Mustard (Brassica spp.) - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi. 1933); No locality (Rahman, 1940). Phyllanthus emblica - Pusa (Fletcher, 1916; Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933). Ragi lEleusine coracanal shoots - No locality (Cherian. lg34). Ragi roots - coimbatore (Fletcher, 1916; Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); No locality (cherian, 1934). Redgram lCaianus caianl - Samalkota (Fletcher, '1916; Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); No locality (Rahman, 1g40). Sosa sp. - lndia (Rao. 1969b). Solanum sp. - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolorl shoots - No locality (Cherian, 1934). Sorghum roots No locality (Cherian, 1934). - ,l940; Sugarcane lsaccharum officinaruml - No locality (Rahman, Butani, 1g5g). Sweet potato Upomoea batatas) - No locality (Cherian, 1934). ,|940). Watermelon (Citrullus lanatusl - Hagari (Bhatia and Shaffi. 1933); No locality (Cherian, 1934; Rahman,

Psyllidae (Homoptera) Euphalerus vittatus Crawford - Dehra Dun (Mathur. 1g3S).

Paragus tibialis (Fall6n) [probably misidentified in part] Aphididae Aphis citricola - lndia (Rao, 1969a; Ghosh, 1974); Bangalore, Gauhati, Kalimpong. Nilambus, Shillong (Rao, 1969b). A. gossypii lndia (Rao, 1969a); Bangalore, Gauhati, Jullundur (Rao, 1969b). *Melanaphis - sacchari Bangalore, Gauhati, Kalimpong, Nilambur, shillong (Rao, lg6gb). *Myzus - persicae (Sulzer) Dinhata (Rao, lg69b). *Rhopalosiphum - maidis (Fitch) - Bangalore, Gauhati, Kalimpong, Nilambur, Shillong (Rao, l96gb). Aphids on Osbeckia crinita - Shillong (Rao, 1969b).

Paragus yerburiensis Stuckenberg Aphididae Aphis citricola - lndia (Rao, 1969a; Ghosh, 1974); Gauhati, Nilambur (Rao, l96gb); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). *Aphis craccivora - Coimbatore, Dehra Dun (Rao, t969b); Bangalore (Ghorpad6. 1g73a). A. gossypii- lndia (Rao, 1969a); Mandya (Rao, 1969b); Bangalore (Ghorpadd, 1973a). *Melanaphis sacchari - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, ,l973a). Myzus persicae lndia (Rao, 1969a); Dinhata (Rao, 1969b). *Toxoptera - aurantii Assam (Sengupta, in litt.l. *7. - citricidus Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). *7. - odinae (van der Goot) Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). *lJroleucon - compositae (Theobaldl - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1g73a).

Paragus spp. Adelgidae (Homopteral Adelges spp. - Himalayas (Narayanan et al., 1g671. 66 Tropical Pest ManagementVol.2T No. 1, March 1981

Aphididae Aphids on the following host plants: Centaurea sp. - No locality (Rahman, 1940). Sonchus sp. - No locality (Rahman, 19401.

Tribe Melanostomatini

Melanostoma orientale (Wiedemann ) Aphididae Lipaphis erysimi- Jullundur (Rao, 1969b); lndia (Ghosh, 1974).

Melanostoma sp. Aphididae Acyrthosiphon pisum - Pakistan (Hamid et al., 1974l..

Xanthandrus indicus Curran Hyblaeidae (LepidoPtera) Hyblaea puera Cramer - Rahatgaon, near Hoshangabad (Curran, 1933).

Tribe Bacchini Baccha apicalis Loew Aphididae Aphids on 'Cambuk' (scientific name?) tree - Nilavelli, in Sri Lanka (Austen, 1893).

Psyllidae Apsytla cistellata (Buckton) - Dehra Dun (Mathur, 1935); No locality (Singh, 1959). Leuronota corniculata Mathus - Dehra Dun (Mathur, 1935). Psylla sp. Dehra Dun (Mathur, 1935). - (Mathur, Tenaphalara acutipennis Kuwayama - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); Dehra Dun 1935); lndia (Thompson and Simmonds, 1965). Trioza malloticola (Crawford) - Dehra Dun (Mathur, 1935).

ChrYsopidae (Neu roptera) Chrysopa sp. - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933).

Baccha sapphirina Wiedemann Aphididae grachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) - Pakistan (Alam and Hafiz; 1963). Pterochloroides percicae (Cholodkovsky) - lndia (Ghosh, 1974). Aphids on orange lcitrus reticulatal - Pusa (Bhatia and shaffi, 1933).

Psyllidae *Psylla sp. nr simlae Crawford - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a)' Psylta sp. - lndia (Thompson and Simmonds, 1965)' Psyllids on the following host plants: lndigo ltndigofera tinctoria) - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933)' Undetermined plant - Coimbatore (Cherian, 1934).

Tribe SYrPhini

Syrphus isaaci Bhatia Aphididae Lipaphis erysimi - No locality (Rahman, 1940); lndia (Ghosh, 1974)' Aphids on mustard - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933; Rai, 1976)' Prey of lndian Syrphidae - Ghorpad6 67

Syrphus nietneri Schiner [unpublished manuscript name: see Cotes (1893]l Aphididae Toxoptera aurantii - Sri Lanka (Cotes, 1893; Barlow, 1899!.

Syrphus transversus B runetti Aphididae Toxoptera aurantii - Sri Lanka (DeSilva, 1961).

Syrphus spp. Aphididae Aphis craccivora - Pakistan (Hamid et al., 19771. A. gossypii - lndia (Narayanan et al., 19671. lmpatientinum asiaticum dalhousiensis Verma - lndia (Ghosh, 1974). Myzus percicae - lndia (Rao, 1969a). Pemphigus spp. - Pakistan (Habib and Ghani, 1970).

Epistrophe sp. t Imisidentification: probably Episyrphus sp.! Aphididae Melanaphis indosacchari (David) - Koothanallur, near Thanjavur (David, 1964). M. ncchari - Koothanallur, near Thanjavur (David, 1964).

Metasyrphus confrater (Wiedemann ) Adelgidae Adelges spp. - Himalayas (Narayanan et al., 1967h Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972).

Aphididae Acyrthosiphon pisum - Pakistan (Hamid et al., 1974l-. Aphis citricola - lndia (Rao, 1969a; Gh..rsh, 1974); Gauhati, Kalimpong, Shillong (Rao, 1969b). A. craccivora - Dehra Dun, Jullundur, Kalimpong (Rao, 1969b); Anand (Patel et al., 1975); Pakistan (Hamid et al., 19771. A. fabae solanella Theobald - Dehra Dun (Rao, 1969b); lndia (Ghosh, 19741. A. gossypii- Delhi (Pruthi and Bhatia, 1938; Anand etal.,1967l: Pusa (Pruthi and Bhatia, 1938); lndia (Rao, 1969a; Ghosh, 1974); Jullundur, Shillong (Rao, 1969b); Northwest Himalaya (Siddiquiand Krishnaswamy, 19721. A. sp. ? gossypii Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972). *A. - rhoicola Hille Ris Lambers - Dehra Dun (Rao, 1969b). Aphis sp. - Jullundur (Rao, 1969b). Brachycaudus cardui (Linn6) - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and KrishnaswamV, 19721. Brachycaudus sp. - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy,1972l. Brevicoryne brassicae (Linn6) - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972l-. Capitophorus carduinus (Walker) - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972). Cinara sp. - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972). Dynphis sp. ct. foeniculus (Theobald) - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 19721. Dysaphis sp. - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972). Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) - Srinagar (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); Punjab (Rahman, 1940); Kulu (Rahman and Khan, 1941a,1941b); Kumaon (Singh, 1942;Lal andSingh, 1947);Pakistan (Alam and Hafiz,1963); lndia (Thompson and Simmonds. '1965; Ghosh, 1974); Kashmir Valley (Zaka-ur-Rab,19741. Lipaphis erysimi- Lucknow (Rao, 1969b); lndia (Ghosn, 1974); Kalyani (Roy and Basu, 1978). *Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette) - Dehra Dun (Rao, 1969b). Mordvilkomemor sp. - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972). Myzus ? ornatus Laing Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972). *M. - percicae Kulu, Srinagar (Rao, 1969b). *Toxoptera - odinae - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a).

ノ 68 Tropical Pest ManagementVol.2T No. 1, March 1981

Aphids on the following host plants: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.capitatal - No locality (Brunetti, 1923; Rahman, 1940); Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1e33). Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum spp.l - No locality (Brunetti, 1923; Rahman, 1940); Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1 933). Cotton - No locality (Brunetti, 1923; Rahman, 1940); Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933). Mustard - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); No locality (Rahman, '1940). Pomegranate (Punica granatuml - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933). Wheat (Triticum spp.) - No locality (Brunetti, 1923; Rahman, 1940); Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933).

Phylloxeridae (Homoptera) Phylloxera quercus Boyer de Fonscolombe - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1g721.

Aphelinid'ae (Hymenoptera) Aphelinus mali Haliday - Kulu (Rahman and Khan, 1941 b; accidental, through Eriosoma lanigeruml.

Metasyrphus corollae (Fabricius) Aphididae Aphids on the following host plants: Brassica oleracea - Timurgaraha, in Pakistan (Ghani, ,l965). Salvia moorcroftiana - Hangu, in Pakistan (Ghani, 196b). Triticum aestivum - Ghalighi and Timurgaraha, in pakistan (Ghani, lg65).

Metasyrphus latifasciatus (Macquart) t Imisiderrtification for I. scutellaris ?] Aphididae Aphis craccivora - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, .l970). A. gossypii - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, 1970). Myzus persicae - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, 1g70). Toxoptera citicidus - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, 1g70). Aphids on the following host plants: Bean (Vicia fabal - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, .|970). Brinjal (So/anum melongena) - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, lg70). Chilli (Capsrcum annuuml - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, 1g70). Citrus sp. - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, 1g70). Gliricidia sp. - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, 1970). Knolkohl (Brassica caulorapal - South lndian plains (Kalyanam, lgTO). Sorghum - South lndian plains (Kalyanam. 1970).

Betasyrphus adligatus (Wiedemann) t Imisidentification] Aphididae Toxopteraaurantii - No locality (Rau, 1936); lndia (Thompson and Simmonds, 1965; Rao, 1969a).

Betasyrphus serarius (Wiedemann) [probably misidentified in part] Aphididae Aphis citricola lndia (Rao, 1g69a; Ghosh, 1974); *A. - Gauhati, Kalimpong, Mattanur. Shillong (Rao, 1g69b). craccivora - Dehra Dun (Rao, 1g6gb). A. fabae solanella - Dehra Dun (Rao, 1969b); lndia (Ghosh, 1974). A. gossypii lndia (Rao, 1969a; Ghosh, 1974); Kalimpong, (Rao, *A. - Kulu 1969b). rhoicola - Dehra Dun (Rao, lg6gb). Aphis sp. - Dehra Dun (Rao, 1g6gb). Brachycaudus cardui Pusa (Brunetti, 1923). *Lipaphis - erysimi - Kalimpong, Kulu (Rao, lg6gb). Macrosiphum rosae (Linne) Kalimpong (Raychaudhuretat., *Myzus - 1g7gl. persicae - Kulu (Rao, 1g6gb). Toxoptera spp. - Gauhati (Rao, lg6gb).

ヽ Prey of lndian Syrphidae - Ghorpad6 69

Aphids on the following host plants: Mustard - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933; Rai, 1976); No locality (Rahman, 1940). Bubus sp. - Shillong (Rao, 1969b).

Scaeva albomaculata ( Macquart) Aphididae Myzus percicae - lndia (Rao, 1969a; Ghosh, 1974); Jullundur (Rao, lg6gb). Lipaphis erysimi - Jullundur (Rao, 1969b); lndia (Ghosh,1g74I.

Scaeva pyrastri ( Linn6) Aphididae Lipaphis erysimi- Jullundur (Rao, 1969b); lndia (Ghosh,1974l. Aphids on the following host plants: Brassica spp. - Jullundur (Rao, 1969b). Coriandrum sativum - Dargai, in Pakistan (Ghani, lg6b). Prunus bokhariensis - Thall, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). P. persica - Faizabad and Karakar Pass, in pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Raphanus sativus - Mingora, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Rumex hastatus - Ghalighi, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1g65).

Scaeva selenitica (Meigen) Aphididae Lipaphis erysimi- Babugarh, Delhi (Anand et al., 1967; Rai, 1976); lndia (Ghosh, 1g74).

Dasysyrphus brunettii (Herv6-Bazin) Aphididae Aphids on undetermined plant - 'Hills' (Rahman, 1940).

Xanthogramma pruthii Deoras t Aphididae Myzus persicae - Delhi (Deoras, 1943).

Xanthogramma spp. t Aphididae Acyrthosiphon pisum - Bulandshahr, Delhi, Meerut, saharanpur (Anend et al., 1g671. Brevicoryne brassicae - Abbottabad and Rawalkot, in pakistan {Habib, 1973). Lipaphis erysimi - Bulandshahr, Delhi, Meerut, saharanpur (Anand et al., 1967t Rai, 1976). Myzus percicae - lndia (Rao, 1969a). lschiodon scutellaris ( Fabricius) Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) Trialeurodes ricini lMisral - Hyderabad (Khan and Rao, l94g; Rai, 1976).

Aphididae ,l953); Acyrthosiphon pisum - Delhi (Lal and Gupta, Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1g73al; lndia (Ghosh, 1g74). Aphis citricola - lndia (Rao, 1969a, 1969b; Ghosh, 1974); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 19l3al; Loktak in Manipur (Raychaudhuri et at., 19781. (Lal A. craccivora - Delhi and Gupta, 1953; Saxena et al., 197O1; Davangere (Krishnamurti and Usman, 1gS4; puttarudriah Usman and Puttarudriah, 1955; and ChannaBasavanna, 19b7); Hyderabad (Khan and Husain, 1965; Rai, 1976); Anand (Patel and Patel, 1969a; Patel et a|.,1976); lndia (Rao, 1969b; Ghosh, ,|974); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). A. fabae solanella - lndia (Rao, 1969b; Ghosh, lg74). A. gossypii- Sri Lanka (DeSilva, 19611; lndia (Narayanan etat.,1967t Rao, 1969a, 1969b; Ghosh, 19741: Anand (Patel and Patel, 1969a); Bangalore {Ghorpad6, lg73a}. 70 Tropical Pest Managemenf Vol. 27 No. 1, March 1981

A. nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe - Anand (Patel and Patel, 1969a); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a); lndia (Ghosh, 19741. *A. punicae Passerini - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). *A. rhoicola lndia (Rao, 1969b). *A. - umbrella (Bdrner) - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Brevicoryne brassicae - lndia (Rao, 1969b; Ghosh, 1974). *Greenidea artocarpi (Westwoodl Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). *Hysteroneura - setariae (Thomas) - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Lipaphis erysimi- Gwalior (Rakshpal, 1945; Bindra and Saxena, 1958); Delhi (Lal and Gupta. 1953; Lal and Haque, 1955; Rai, 1976); Anand (Patel and Patel, 1969a, t969b); India (Rao, 1969b; Ghosh, 1974); Udaipur (Joshi and Sharma, 1973); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a); Kalyani (Roy and Basu, 1978). Melanaphis sacchari - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a); Bhubaneswar (Patnaik et a|.,1977I-. Myzus percicae - Delhi (Lal and Gupta, 19531; Anand (Patel and Patel, 1969a1; lndia (Rao, 1969b; Ghosh, 19741:. Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Pentalonia nigronervosa - Sri Lanka (DeSilva, 1961). Rhopalosiphum maidis - Delhi (Mani, 19391; lndia (Rao, 1969b; Ghosh, 1974); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). * S arucal I is kah awal uokalani ( Kirkaldyl Banga lore (G horpad6, 1 973a). *Sitobion - avenae (Fabricius) lndia (Rao, 1969b1. *5. - rosaeiformrs (Das) - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). *Therioaphis trifolii - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Toxoptera aurantii- Sri Lanka (Cotes, 1893; Barlow, 1899); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a1; Assam (Sengupta' in litt.l *T. citricidus Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). *7. - odinae - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). lJroleucon compositae Anand (Patel and Patel, 1969a, 1969b); Dharwar (Bhumannavar,l977l. *lJ. - sonchi (Linne) - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a)' Aphids on the following host plants: Artemisia vulgaris - lndia (Rao, 1969b). Brassica spp. - Bangalore, Jullundur (Rao, 1969b). Cabbage - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); No locality (Rahman, 1940). Calotopis sp. - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, t933); No locality (Cherian, 19341' Carthamus lanatus - Timurgaraha, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). C. oxyacantha - Timurgaraha, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Cassia sp. - Butkhela, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Chrysanthemum - No locality (Fletcher, 1961; Brunetti, 1923); Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi' 1933)' Citrutlus vulgaris var. fistulosus - Chitral, in Pakistan (Ghani, 19651. Cotton - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933h No locality (Cherian, 1934; Rahman, 19401. Crucifers - Amritsar, Barabanki, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Delhi, Pratapgarh, Sultanpur {Kundu et al., 19671- Malva parviflora - Ashrait, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Mustard - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaff i, t933); No locality (Rahman, 1940). Prunusamygdalus - Munela, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Radish lRaphanussativusl - Bapatla (Krishnamoorthy and Dharmaraju, 1960). Redgram - No locality (Cherian, 1934); lndia (Rao, 1969b). Rose (Bosa spp.) - Dehra Dun (Brunetti, 1925). Rubus ellipticus - lndia (Rao, 1969b). Sissoo (Dalbergia sisool - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933). Solanum sp. - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaff i, 1933). Sorghum - No locality (Cherian, 1934). Tribulus terrestris - Malakand, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Watermelon - Hagari (Fletcher, 1916; Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); No locality (Brunetti, 1923; Cherian, 1934; Rahman, 1940). Wheat - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933).

Dideopsis aegrota ( Fabricius) Aphididae *Aphis citricola Bylankuppe, Kalimpong, Mattanur (Rao, 1969b). *A. - craccivora - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Prey of lndian Syrphidae - Ghorpad6 71

*A. gossypii - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a1. Pentalonia nigronervosa - Sri Lanka (DeSilva, 1961). Rhopalosiphum maidis - Sri Lanka (DeSilva, 1961). Toxoptera aurantii - No locality, but probably from Assam (Anon .,lg73l; Bangalore (Ghorpad6, tg73a); Assam (Sengupta, in litt.l. *7. citricidus Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). *7. - odinae - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Aphids on the following host plants: Artemisia vulgaris - Kalimpong (Rao, 1969b). Citrus sp. - Coimbatore (Cherian, 1934).

Episyrphus alternans (M acquart) Adelgidae Adelges spp. - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, ,l972).

Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) [probably misidentified in part] Adelgidae Adelges spp. - Himalayas,'(Narayananetal.,l967); Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972).

Aphididae Acyrthosiphon pisum - Pakistan (Hamid etal., 1974l'. Aphis citricola - lndia (Rao, '1969a, 1969b; Ghosh, ,l9741. A. craccivora - Coimbatore (Rao and Krishnaswamy, 1952); lndia (Rao, 1969b); Bangalore (Ghorpad6, t973a); Pakistan (Hamid et al., 19771. ,1974); A. fabae solanella lndia (Rao, 19@b; Ghosh, Bangalore (Ghorpad 6, 1g73al. - ,1974); A. gossypii - lndia (Rao, 1969a, 1969b; Ghosh, Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamv,lgT2l; Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). A. sp. ? gossypl Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, *A. - 1g721. rhoicola - lndia (Rao, 1969b). Brachycaudus cardui - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and KrishnaswamV,1972l. Erachycaudus sp. - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy. lg72). (Batra, pakistan Brevicoryne brassicae - Kulu 19601; Lyallpur, in (Khan and yunus, 1970); Abbottabad and Rawalkot, in Pakistan (Habib, 1973). Capitophorus carduinus - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1g72). Cinara sp. Northwest (Siddiqui - Himalaya and Krishnaswamy, 1g721 . Dysaphis sp. cf . foeniculus - Northwest Himalaya (siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, lg72). Dysaphis sp. Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1g721. *Hayhurctia - atriplicis (Linn6) - lndia (Rao, 1g69b). Lipaphis erysimi - Anand (Patel and Patel, lg6gal; Lyallpur, in pakistan (Khan and yunus, 1970); lndia (Rao, 1969b; Ghosh, 1974); Bangalore (Ghorpad6,1973al; Kalyani (Roy and Basu, l97g). Melanaphis ncchari - Bangalore (Ghorpadd, lg73a); Bhubaneswar (patnaik et at., 1977): Kalimpong (Raychaudhuri et al., 19781. Mindarus iaponicus Takahashi - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy,lgT2l. Mordvilkomemor sp. - Northwest Himalaya (siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1g721. Myzus ? ornatus - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972). M. persicae (Usman puttarudriah - Bangalore and Puttarudriah, l95S; and ChannaBasavanna, 19S7; Ghorpad6, 1973a); lndia (Rao, 1969a, 1969b; Ghosh, 1974); Lyallpur, in pakistan (Khan and yunus, 1970). Rhopalosiphum maidis - No locality (Rahman, lg4o); lndia (Rao, 1969b; Ghosh, 1g74); Bangalore (Ghorpadd, 1973a). Sitobion rosaeiformis - Moirang in Manipur (Raychaudhurietal., 1g7gr. Toxoptera aurantii No locality, but probably f rom Assam (Banerjee, (sengu *7. - 1966); Assam pta, in litt.l. odinae - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Toxoptera spp. lndia (Rao, 1969b). *lJroleucon - sonchi - lndia (Rao, 196gb). Aphids on the following host plants: Arundo donax - No locality (Cherian, 1934). 72 Tropical Pest ManagementVol.2T No. 1, March 1981

Berberis ceratophylla - Saidu Sharif, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Brasica campestris - Kat Qila, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Cabbage - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); No locality (Rahman, t940); Kulu (Batra, 1956). Cirsium sp. - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972)' Cotton - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); No locality (Rahman, 1940). Lactuca scariola - Peshawar, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Maize lZea maysl - No locality (Rahman, 19401. Mustard - Lyallpur, in Pakistan (Rahman, 1942). Populuscitiata - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, '1972). Prunus bokhariensis - Timurgaraha, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965)' P. persica - Kokariand Saidi Sharif, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). rgosa sp. - Saidu Sharif, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Rumex dentatus - Saidu Sharif , in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Rumex sp. - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy,l972l. Sonchusasper - Garhi Habib Ullah, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965)' Sunf lower (Helianthus annuusl - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933)' Tamarix articulata - Peshawar, in Pakistan (Ghani, 1965). Undetermined grass - No locality (Cherian, 19341.

Coccoidea (Homoptera) Coccids on the following host plants: Cotton - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); No locality (Rahman, 1940). Undetermined plant - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and KrishnaswamV,l9T2l-

Phylloxeridae Phylloxera quercus = Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy,1972l.

Psyllidae Tenaphalara acutipennis - lndia (Thompson and Simmonds, 1965) t

Allograpta iavana (Wiedemann) [misidentification ?] Aphididae Aphiscraccivora - Delhi (Narayanan, 1941;Pruthi, 19421; Hyderabad (Khanand Husain, 1965; Rai, 1976)' A. gossypii- lndia (Rao, 1969a); Bangalore (Rao, 1969b; Ghorpad6, 1973a1. * Lipaphis erysimi - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Melanaphis sacchari - Bhubaneswar (Patnaik et al., 19771 . Myzuspersicae- Delhi (Pruthi, 1946; lsaac, 1946); lndia (Rao, 1969a);Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a). Rhopalosiphum maidis - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a, 1973b). Sitobion rosaeiformis - Moirang in Manipur (Raychaudhuri et al-, 19781' Therioaphis trifolii - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a, 1973b). Toxoptera odinae - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a,1973b). Aphids on the following host plants: Brassica spp. - Bangalore (Rao, 1969b). Cotton - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933).

Coccoidea Ferrisiana virgata (Cockerell) - Jabalpur (Rawat and Modi, 1968).

Delphacidae Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) - Bangalore (Ghorpad6, 1973a,1973b).

Psyllidae Psylla sp. - Dehra Dun (Mathur, 1935). Tenaphalara acutipennis - Pusa (Bhatia and Shaffi, 1933); Dehra Dun (Mathur, 1935); lndia (Thompson and Simmonds, 1965). Prey of lndian Syrphidae― Ghorpad` 73

rriOza ρたfO初おMathur― Dehra Dun(Mathur′ 1935). Psy‖ ids on undeterm:ned plant― Shi!long{Bhatia and Shaffi,1933).

Sphaerophoria?indiana BigOt[probably misidentified in partl Aphididae キスρ/7お σOss/p″ 一Banga!ore(Ghorpad6′ 1973a). ιわηρめたeryslilmノーーJu‖ undur(Rao,1969b};Bangalore{Ghorpad`′ 1973a);:ndia(Ghosh,1974).

Mera77apヵたsaccha″ 一 Bangaiore(Ghorpad`′ 1973a);Bhubaneswar(Patnalk θf al′ 1977). ″/zυs ρθぉ′caθ ― Delhi(Pruthi,1946::saac,1946}::ndia(Rao,1969a);」 u‖ undur(Rao,1969b). υ′0わtrco″ cοr77pOs′ raθ ― Dharwar(Bhumannavar′ 1977}. Aphids on the fo‖ owing host piants: Maize― No loca:ity(Rahman′ 1940}. Pea P′ sυ 777 Sali′ υ)一 No locai社 y(Rahman,1940}. “ Sphaerophoria rnenthastri(Linn6)| Aphididae スε/r"osilD力οJ7 ρたum― Pakistan(Hamid θra′ ′1974}.

Sphaerophoria scripta(Linn6)| Aphididae ιriDap力おe″sfm′ ― Anand(Pate!and Patel,1969a).

Sphaerophoria spp. Aphididae θ vicο r/77θ わraSsicaθ ― Abbottabad and Rawa!kot′ in Pakistan(Habib,1973). “ ムri9aρ力おar/sルηノー Banga:ore(Rao,1969b). ″/zys ρeぉicaθ ‐_!ndia(Rao,1969a);Bangalore(Rao′ 1969b).

UNDETERM:NED SYRPHID SPECiES Ade:gidae Pinθtrs sp.― Shi!long{Chacko,1973).

Aleyrodidae ス/e″ raca17め trS′ υ S Karam Singh_Pusa(Singh′ 1931). ス.sprin′′b′υs(Quaintance)一`ps″ Pondicherry′ P00na(Singh′ 1931). Dあ/earod9s ρarrlira Karam Singh― Pusa(Singh′ 1931).

Aphididae スρ力なJ7erlii― Ca:cutta(Mukerii and Behura,1947). aracヵ /catrdusわ θノた力r/sli― Kumaon{Lal and Siddiqui′ 1952};india(Ghosh′ 1974}. Hvadap力おεοrヽmdr′ {Das)一 :ndia(Ghosh′ 1974). /7acrasrpno17idヽasa17ba″ブー :ndia(Ghosh,1974). Praracヵノοroldesρ e‐icaθ ― :ndia(Ghosh,1974). Slirobri9″ 膚′sc"め ′(Takahashi)_india{Ghosh′ 1974). S rasaθ′Forr77た一lndia(Ghosh′ 1974).

アbrranθυra″rgrilabdb77ガ″aノ′s― SOuth india(Krishna Ayyar,1935);Bangaiore(Gadivappanavar,1970). 7oχορeFaa″ raJ711ii_india{Ghosh′ 1974). アレわθ′οracわ η″s saノな″tys(Gme:in)_:ndia(Ghosh,1974).

Deiphacidae rlilaparyaraノ ″″″sS儡 :― North Madras(丁 iruma:a Rao′ 1950).

Psy‖ idae Driap力 οrlilra cノlri Kuwayama― Pusa(Husain and Nath,1929). 74 Tropical Pest Management Vol. 27 No. 1, March 1981

Lepidoptera 'Small caterpillars'(Arctiidae, etc.) in pods of Crotalaria sericea andSutherlandia sp. - No locality (Beeson, 1961).

Thysanoptera Undetermined species - lndia (Ramakrishna Ayyar, 19291. Subfamily ERISTALINAE /Uote.' Members of this subfamily (except of the tribe Pipizini) are not predacious; hence the following records are erroneous and should be disregarded.

Tribe Pipizini Neocnemodon sp. nr vitripennis (Meigen)

Adelgidae

Adetges spp. - Northwest Himalaya (Siddiqui and Krishnaswamy, 1972). Tribe Cheilosiini Pelecocera spp. t Imisidentification for Eaccha sp'?l

Psyllidae Arytaina punctipennis Crawford - Bihar (Grove and Ghosh, 1914)' kylla sp. - lndia (Thompson and Simmonds, 1965).

Tribe Eristalini Eristalinus laetus Wiedemann t Aphididae Aphisgossypff-Delhi,Karnal(Anandetal',1967);lndia(Ghosh'1974)'

Eristalinus obscuritarsis de Meiiere t Aphididae

Litaphis erysimi- Ludhiana (Atwal et al', 19711.

Eristalis tenax (Linn6) t Aphididae Lipaphis erysimi- Ludhiana (Atwal et al.' 19711'

Eristalodes paria (Bigot) t Aphididae Lipaphis erysimi- Delhi (Rai, 1976) t

Tribe Eumerini Eumerus sp. nr albifrons Walker t Aphididae Melanaphis sacchari - Bhubaneswar (Patnaik et al', 19771'

Tribe Milesiini Syritta rufifacies Bigot t Aphididae Aphids on mango lMangifera indical - Coimbatore (Cherian, 1934)' Prey of lndian Syrphidae - Ghorpadd 75

Subfamily MICRODONTINAE Mircrodon bellus Brunetti t Coccoidea Saisetia formicarii (Green) in nests of the ant Crematogaster dohrni Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - Northeast lndia (Das, lgbg); Assam (Sengupta, in titt.l.

Microdon sp. t Aphididae Toxoptera aurantii in nests of the ant Crematogaster sp. (Formicidae) - Northeast lndia (Das, l9b9).

Prey-Syrphid lndex

Prey taxa not identified (even to genus) are excluded from the index, except in two cases (Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera)' I have omitted to give the host plants on which the named prey were feeding in order to avoid making the list too cumbersome to use. Host plant data are available in the original papers cited and in Ghorpadd (1973a). ln this index, only the names of predators and prey are given, all further details being obtainable from the syrphid-prey preceding list it. The index includes all records, including erroneous ones, which are indicated by a (t) dagger and should be checked with the preceding syrphid-prey list. The prey-syrphid index has been arranged alphabetically, except for the syrphid species, which are listed under each prey species in the same sequence as they appear in the syrphid-prey list.

PREY SPEC:ES PREDATOR SPECIES Order HEMTPTERA Suborder HOMOPTERA Family Adelgidae Adelges spp. Paragus sp., Metasyrphus confrater, Episyrphus alternans, E. balteatus, Neocnemodon sp. nr vitripennis pineus sp. Undetermined syrphid species

Family Aleyrodidae Aleurocanthus rugosus Undetermined syrphid species ' A. spiniferus Undetermined syrphid species , Dialeurodes pallida Undetermined syrph id species urodes ricini lschiodon scutellaris

Family Aphididae Acyrthosiphon pisum Paragus serratus, Melanostoma sp., Metasyrphus confrater, Xanthogramma sp,t, lschiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus, sphaerophoria menthastrit Aphis citricola Paragus indicus, P. serratus, P. tibialis, p. yerburiensis, Metasyrphus confrater, Eetasyrphus serarius, lschiodon scutellaris, Dideopsis aegrota, Episyrphus balteatus A. craccivora Paragus bicolor, P. indicus, P. serratus, p. yerburiensis, syrphus sp., Metasyrphus confrater, M. latifasciatust, Betasyrphus serarius, lschiodon scutellaris, Dideopsis aegrota, Episyrphus balteatus, Allograpta javana A. fabae solanella Metasyrphus confrater, Betasyrphus serarius, lschiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus A. gossypii Paragus serratus, P. tibialis, P. yerburiensis, syrphus sp.. Metasyrphus confrater, M. latifarciatust, Betasyrphus serarius, lrchiodon scutellaris, Dideopsis aegrota, Episyrphus balteatus, Allograpta javana, shaerophoria ?indiana, Eristalinus laetust A. sp. ? gossypii M e tasy rp h us conf ra ter, E p i sy rph us ba I tea tus A. nerii lrchiodon rcuEllaris, Undetermined syrphid species A. punicae lschiodon scutellaris 76 rrOpicaノ Past rra77agemaJ7ォ Voi.27 No.1′ March 1981

PREY SPECIES PREDATOR SPECIES A. rhoicola Metasyrphus confrater, Betasyrphus serarius, lschiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus A. umbrella lschiodon scutellaris Aphis spp. Paragus serratus, Metasyrphus confrater, Betasyrphus serarius Brachycaudus cardui Metasyrphus confrater, Betasyrphus serarius, Episyrphus balteatus B. helichrysi Baccha ?sapphirina, Undertermined syrphid species Brachycaudus sp. Metasyrphus confrater, Episyrphus balteatus Brevicoryne brassicae Metasyrphus confrater, Xanthogramma sp.t, lschiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus bal teatus, Sphaerophor ia sp. Capitophorus carduinus Metasyrphus confrater, Episyrphus balteatus ! Cinara sp. Metasyrphus confrater, Episyrphus balteatus Dynphis sp. cf . foeniculus Metasyrphus confrater, Episyrphus balteatus Dynphis sp. Metasyrphus confrater, Episyrphus balteatus , Eriosoma lanigerum Metasyrphus confrater Greenidea artocarpi lschiodon scutellaris Hayhurstia atriplicis Episyrphus balteatus Hyadaphis coriandri Undetermined syrphid species Hysteroneura setariae lschiodon scutellaris lmpatientinum asiaticum Syrphus sp. dalhousiensis Lipaphis erysimi Paragus serratus, Melanostoma orientale, Syrphus isaaci, MetasYrphus confrater, Betasyrphus serarius, Scaeva albomrculata, S. pyrastri, S. selenitica, Xantho- gramma sp.t, lrchiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus, Allograpta iavana, Sphaerophoria ?indiana, S.? scripta,f S. sp., Eristalinus obscuritarsist, Eristalis tenaxt, E ristalodes Pariat Macrosiphoniella sanborni Metasyrphus confrater, Undetermined syrphid species Macrosiphum rosae Betxyrphus serarius Melanaphis indosacchari Epistrophe sp' t M. sacchari Paragus tibiatis, P. serratus, P. yerburiensis, Epistrophe sp.f , lschiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus, Allograpta iavana, sphaerophoria ? indiana, Eumerus sp' nr albifrons t Mindarus japonicus Episyrphus balteatus Mordvilkomemor sp. Metasyrphus confrater, Episyrphus balteatus Myzus ? ornatus Metasyrphus confrater, Episyrphus balteatus M. percicae Paragus tibialis, P. yerburiensis, Syrphus sp., Metasyrphus confrater, M. latifasciatust, Betasyrphus serarius, scaeva albomaculata, Xanthogramma pruthiit, X. sp.t, lshiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus, Atlograpta iavana, sphaerophoria ? indiana, S. sp. Pemphigus sp. Syrphus sP. Pentalonia nigronervosa Paragus indicus, lrchiodon scutellaris, Dideopsis aegrota Pterochloroides percicae Baccha ? sapphirina, Undetermined syrphid species Rhopalosiphum maidis Paragus tibiatis, lschiodon scutellaris, Dideopsis aegrota, Episyrphus balteatus, Allograpta iavana Sarucallis kahawaluokalani lschiodon scutellaris Sitobion avenae lschiodon scutellaris S. mi*anthi Undetermined syrphid species S. rosaeiformis lschiodon rcutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus, Allograpta iavana, Undelermined syrphid species Tetraneura nigriabdominalis Paragus serratus, Undetermined syrphid species Therioaphis trifolii Paragus serratus, tschiodon scutellaris, Allograpta iavana Toxoptera aurantii Paragus astratus, P. indicus, P. serratus, P. yerburiensis, Syrphus nietneri' S' transversus, Betasyrphus adligatusf , bchiodon scutellaris, Dideopsis aegrota, Episyrphus balteatus, Undetermined syrphid species, Microdon sp' t scutellaris, T. citricidus Paragus serratus, P. yerburiensis, Metasyrphus latifasciatusl , lschiodon Dideopsis aegrota Prey of lndian Syrphidae - Ghorpad6 77

PREY SPECIES PREDATOR SPECIES T. odinae Paragus yerburiensis, Metasyrphus confrater, lrchiodon *utellaris, Dideopsis aegrota, E p isyrph us balteatus, A I lograpta iavana Toxoptera spp. Betasyrphus serarius, Episyrphus balteatus Tuberolachnus salignus Undetermined syrphid species lJroleucon compositae Paragus yerburiensis, lshiodon scutellaris, Sphaerophoria ? indiana U. sonchi lschiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus

SuPerfamilY Coccoidea Ferrisiana virgata Allograpta iavana Sarbsefi'a formicarii Microdon bellus I

Family DelPhacidae Nilaparvata lugens Undetermined syrphid species Peregrinus maidis Allograpta iavana

FamilY PhYlloxeridae Phylloxera quercus Metasyrphus confrater, Episyrphus balteatus

Family Psyllidae Apsylla cistellata Baccha apicalis Arytaina punctipennis Pelecocera sp. I Diaphorina citri Undetermined syrphid species Euphalerus vittatus Paragus serratus Leuronota corniculata Baccha apicalis Psylla sp. nr simlae Baccha npphirina Psyla spp. Baccha apicalis, B, sapphirina, Altograpta iavana, Pelecocera sp- I Tenaphalaraacutipennis Bacchaapicalis,Episyrphusbalteatust,Allograptaiavana Trioza malloticola Baccha apicalis T. pitformis AllograPta iavana

Order HYMENOPTERA Family Aphelinidae Aphelinus mali Metasyrphus confrater

Order LEPTDOPTERA Family Hyblaeidae Hyblaea puera Xanthandrus indicus

Family Arctiidae Undeterminedarctiids,etc. Undetermineo#S10""i.,

Order NEUROPTERA FamilY ChrYsoPidae Chrysopa sp. Baccha aPicalis

Order THYSANOPTERA Undertermined thrips species Undetermined syrphid species

Acknowledgements in This paper is partly based on a portion of a thesis submitted to the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of wt.Sc. (Agri.). ln the first instance, I wish to record my appreciation of the inspiration I received trom Dr M. Puttarudriah, former Professor of Entomology, UAS, who 78 Tropical Pest ManagementYol.2T No. 1, March 1981

suggested that I initiate work on the Syrphidae. I am grateful to Dr G. P. ChannaBasavanna, professor and Head, Department of Entomology, UAS, Bangalore campus, for providing encouragement and advice in ample measure, for working facilities and a review of the manuscript. I thank Dr T. S. Thontadarya, professor of Entomology, UAS, Dharwar campus, for his guidance and helpful criticism. I am indebted to Dr S. Kanakara.i David, of Madras, and to the late R. Dr N. Mathur, of Dehra Dun, for help in identifying aphids and psyllids, respectively. I also thank here, Dr N' S. Sengupta of the Tea Research Association, Tocklai Experiment Station, Jorhat, Assam, and Mr C. Siddappaji, of the Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Gulbarga, Karnataka, for kindly supplying additional prey information in correspondence. My sincere thanks are due to Dr T. Sankaran, Entomologist-in-Charge, lndian Station, CIBC, Bangalore, permitting for me to use certain unpublished material from the prolect reports of the CIBC, and for com- ments on the manuscript. For the latter task, I am also beholden to Mr C. A. Viraktamath, Associate professor of Entomology, UAS, Bangalore, and, especially, to Dr John Bowden, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., England. I wish to express my gratitude to several specialist colleagues, too numerous to mention individually, for generous gifts of pertinent literature - especially to Drs L. V. Knutson and F. C. Thompson, USDA, Washington, D'C., USA. Lastly, I acknowledge the financial assistance, in the form of a Junior Research Fellowship, from the Council of Scientific and lndustrial Research, New Delhi.

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