PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 4989-4997 ISSN:00333077

THE VOCABULARY LAYER OF THE KHOREZM DIALECT 1Zarifboy Dosimov, 2Shahnoza Alimova 1Professor, Department of Uzbek Linguistics, Urgench State Univeristy, Urgench, . 2Lecturer, Department of Uzbek Linguistics, Urgench State Univeristy, Urgench, Uzbekistan.

ABSTRACT This article provides detailed information about the peculiarities of Khorezm kipchak dialects of the . For instance, the phonetic, lexical and grammatical features of lexis in the under research dialect are highlighted basing on the examples. The given examples are compared with the options in other dialects. In this article dialect words are given in Cyrillic letters while the literary language forms of words are given in Latin letters, in order to avoid confusion in pronunciation with English sounds of these letters.

Keywords: dialect, dialect, kipchak, classification, phonetic features, lexical features, morphemic features, singormonism. Article Received: 18 October 2020, Revised: 3 November 2020, Accepted: 24 December 2020

Introduction collided. [3:27]. Therefore, the study of dialects At present, Khorezm is inhabited by the formed in such conditions in the historical- representatives of the Oghuz and Kipchak dialects linguistic plan will undoubtedly yield important of the Uzbek language. Although these people live results. in an area very close to each other, they still retain It is known that many Uzbek dialects are their distinctive linguistic features, despite the fact perfectly studied. However, we cannot say the that there are continuous economic and cultural same about some dialects, including Khorezm ties between them. Linguistically examining these Kipchak dialects, which have not been fully dialects, scholars speculate that the lexicon of studied in all its aspects. Although much work has these dialects contained elements of Arabic and been done on the Oghuz dialect of the Khorezm Persian, which are not found in the central Uzbek dialects, only a few notes have been made about dialects, and there are assumptions that such the Kipchak dialects. words came from the ancient Khorezmiy H.Doniyorov classifies the Kipchak dialect language. [1:12]. of the Uzbek language in general, basing on the The historical, archeological and views by N.A. Baskakov, F.Abdullaev, ethnographic research carried out in recent years V.V.Reshetov on Kipchak dialects in general and raises the issue not only of the relationship of their types and features, and divides Kipchak Khorezm dialects with other , but dialects into five general types. He classifies the also their relationship with non-Turkic peoples, Khorezm Kipchak dialects as the North Khorezm including those living in East Asia and Eastern type (northern Khorezm Kipchak dialect). [5:12]. . [1: 130]. In general, the ethno-genesis of the He claims that Kipchak dialects were studied by peoples of the region (Karakalpak, E.D. Polivanov, F.Abdullaev, A.Ishaev and Uzbek, Turkmen) goes back to antiquity, which is Y.Ibragimov, and it is necessary to include not yet clear, which is explained by certain Kipchak dialects in to this type. In historical conditions. Due to this region, with its his opinion, this type differs from other Kipchak geographical conditions, was a place where dialects by the abundance of Oghuz elements in different ethno-genetic and cultural relations Kipchak dialects. [5:12]. 4989 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 4989-4997 ISSN:00333077

According to the language features, people secondary elongated vowels. For example: сə :р belonging to the Kipchak dialect of the Uzbek (lit. sahar-morning), шə :р (lit. shahar-city), language live mainly in Gurlan, мə нaт//мийнaт(lit. mehnat-labor), сə :т//са:т(lit. Yangibazardistricts as well as in some villages of soat-hour), мə :мала (lit. muomala-treatment), Shovot and Bagat districts in Khorezm region, қ ана:т (lit. qanoat-satisfaction) and others Beruni, Amudarya, Khojayli, Kungrad and partly There are no primary long vowels in the Shumanay districts and Nazarkhan village of dialect that differ in meaning. F. Abdullaev district of Karakalpakstan. These dialects classifies Khorezm dialects according to their differ to some extent fromeach other in some phonetic-morphological and lexical features, linguistic features. For this reason, researchers divides Kipchak dialects into sound й-[j]-added classify them as Beruni-Mangit, Khojayli-Kipchak and ж-[dj]-added types. The "ж" dialects spoken and Kungrad dialects. [4: 5]. In this classification, in Akkum northeast of Marbutat village, the Gurlan-Yangibazar dialects located in the northwest of Vazir village in Gurlan district, as territory of Khorezm region, as well as the dialects well as the Chinese part of Kipchak (now of other districts were ignored. Although the Amudarya) district of Karakalpakstan, northeast researcher A. Ishaev noted that the full and south of Mangit district, and their specific classification of these dialects will be covered in language features are presented in detail. (2: 259- detail in another work, for some reason it was not 264). He points out that these dialects retain the published anywhere. [4: 5]. main features of the ‘j’-added Kipchak dialects, as This study is the result of our observations well as acquire distinguishing features also. In on Kipchak dialects in Khorezm region and does particular, in some words, the [ж] at the beginning not claim a perfect solution. of the word is systematically converted to [й] (jаg Phonetic features. Khorezm Kipchak in literary, йaғ in dialect) dialects differ from the dialects that are the basis " й " added dialects. Representatives of of the literary language in terms of the number of these dialect type make up 10% to 40% of the vowels. That is, they have 6 vowels, in Khorezm population in Gurlan, Mangit and Kholimbek dialects 9 vowels: [и, ы, э (е),у, ÿ, о, ѳ , а, ə ] districts of Amudarya district, Yangibazar district, Materials and methods as well as in almost every district in the south of The researchers studying Khorezmian Khorezm, as well as in Kipchak district of dialects note that there are phonemes [и, ы], the Karakalpakstan (northwest of of China settlement) back of the language, as well as the mid tongue and in many parts of Beruni and Turtkul districts. variants of the sound in the language. [6:15]. In They also live in large areas in the Dashoguz fact, there is a slightly back-to-back version of this district (now Niyazov district) of Dashoguz region vowel in the dialect. Compare: ийначи (lit. in . [2: 262] ninachi-grasshopper), ийт (lit. it- dog), ийə р (lit. F. Abdullaev points out that these dialects retain egar-saddle), сыйлы (lit. izzatli-honorable) and the main features of the "ж"-added Kipchak others. dialects, as well as their differences: It should be noted that there are only 1) The vowels [и] and [ÿ] are “soft” sounds prone secondary elongated vowels in Khorezm Kipchak to the tongue, but not at the pre-i and ÿ level in the dialects, which are formed sporadically (do not Oghuz dialect. have the feature of meaning differentiation). They 2) Diphthongation is much weaker, it is difficult are the result of the fall of consonant sounds such to feel the diphthongation of the vowels e, ö, o at as [ҳ , й] in the dialect, as well as the addition of the beginning of a word in fast speech. two consecutive vowels in some words to form 4990 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 4989-4997 ISSN:00333077

3) “й” added form, i.e. yer not жер (yer-earth), In this regard, it is necessary to emphasize the yo`l not жол (yo`l-way) (but jiyda, jiyna). With impact of school-education, changes in society, the exception of addition of sound [ж] in some the development of science, the media. In words, the ж found at the beginning of a word addition, the territory of Khorezm region has encountered in the first type of dialects is changed significantly since the master scholar systematically converted to [й](even in the literary F.Abdullayev invested the dialects here. The language the word жaғ is pronounced as йaғ in Amudarya district, which was once part of Gurlan). Khorezm region, was later transferred to the 4) The sound [x-kh]is separated from [қ ] as an Republic of Karakalpakstan. It is natural that all independent phoneme. these changes would have an impact on the 5) –ning affix of the genetive case in some classification of Khorezm Kipchak dialects and villages of Mangit district, Gurlan district and the language of the people living in this area. some villages of Yangibazar district, mainly stable We included the dialects of Gurlan and in speech as an episodic feature(in other parts it is Yangibazar districts of Khorezm region as the replaced with accusative affix–ni ), the full object of our research. There are elements of [ж]- version of the genetive suffix is preserved in the addition in people’s speech living in the villages spoken languge of older generation. of Gurlan district located in the north of Khorezm 6) The short variant of the affix of the accusative and in some parts of it bordering on Amudarya case ( -и+н, -с+ин) is usually absent. district, more precisely, in Dosimbiy settlement. 7) the declension of the noun in the 3rd person is Once the people of North Khorezm, and even formed by the affixes –нӓ н // -иннӓ н, -синнӓ н in Central Khorezm, including Gurlan in the possessive pronoun. district, spoke a common [ж]-added dialect. Under 8) affix –ватир // -ятир are used to form the verb the influence of the Middle Khorezm Oguzs in present tense dialects the dialect lost its [ж] feature and began 9) affix –тоғ ин // -тағ ан used to form the to use [й] instead of [ж]. [10:42] A similar adjective of the future tense opinion was expressed by the linguist R. 10) affix –ганча // -ғ анча (two affixes are used Yoldashev, who conducted research on the depending on the final consonant of the word in lexicon of Uzbek dialects in the Dashoguz the Oghuz dialect: сорағ анча, галинча. region.[8: 5-6] In addition, prof. F. Abdullaev points It should be understood that the main reason for out that in the "й"added dialects, even in Gurlan the decline of "ж" from North Khorezm to Khiva district, there are some phonetic features is the existance of people speaking by adding "ж" characteristic of Oghuz dialects: däväräk, eddi. In in the areas bordering the region, as well as the fact, the phenomenon t> d at the beginning of the influence of the neighbouring Karakalpak word is typical feature of Oghuz dialects. The language. [4:12] scientist argues that this is the result of the In addition, there is another dialect type interaction of the dialects. with “ä” pronunciation introduced by Prof. F. Abdullayev is a well-known dialectologist F.Abdullayev as the third type of Kipchak dialect linguist who studied Khorezm dialects, introduced types. F. Abdullayev noted that there are not many them to the world, expressed great theoretical such dialects, mainly in the villages of Shangi and ideas on these dialects, and was the first to create Kangli in Gurlan district, as well as in the Arab a more complete dictionary of words in Khorezm settlements of Kipchak in Urgench district, dialects. But over time, as in all areas, changes Monok in Shavat district, Naiman in Bagat, occur in dialects for a variety of reasons. Qatagan in Kushkupir, Kangli (Pitnak) in 4991 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 4989-4997 ISSN:00333077

Khazarasp. a characteristic feature is the constant the vowels has back (soft, hard) variants of use of the sound [ä] instead of [e] in the first pronunciation in the dialect. According to syllable of the words as (кӓ л -kel, тамир –lit. historical data, in certain periods the population of temir). [2: 265-266] North Khorezm spoke some Middle Khorezm As can be seen, [a] added dialect types Uzbek dialect in [ж] added type. However, under also exist in Northern Khorezm. In addition, the influence of the Oguz dialect types, they lost representatives of this type of dialect live in the their [ж] properties and switched to [й]. A similar village of Oyrat in Yangibazar district. opinion was expressed by R. Yuldashev. [8: 5-6] Thus, the dialects we are studying According to F.Abdullaev, the third type belong to the [й] added dialects, the [ä]-added of Khorezm Kipchak dialects is [a] type.The dialects, which is characteristic of the third type of representatives of this dialect type are not so dialects, as well as the Kipchak dialect types, numerous among population and they live in the which in some words retain the phenomenon of villages of Shangi, Kangli (Gurlan), Kipchak diphthongization, which is characteristic of the (Urgench), Naiman (Bagat), Monoq (Shovot), [ж] -added dialects. Qataghan (Koshkupir), Kangli (Pitnak), Oyrat E.D. Polivanov calls the presence of (Yangibazar). One of the features of this type of [ж]assimilation in Khorezm Kipchak dialects dialect is the regular use of the sound [a] instead "Kazakhized" dialects due to the signs of non- of (e) in the first syllable of the word: käl instead preservation of the consonant [x] at the beginning of kel, тaмир –instead of temir, китади -ketadi. of the word. [7: 5]. Indeed, the Khorezm Kipchak In some cases, the historical etymological dialect types are radically different from the sound [й] is preserved in the dialect: yil-jil, with a number of unique yuzum, yilon / jilon. Also an increase in the [й] linguistic features. This is obviously seen in areas sound between words is observd. For example: where the Uzbek, Kazakh and Karakalpak peoples Miybozor, Biyvatan, biychora, diwana, biybi and live in the same area sharing the settlement. others. Compare: the dialect words Юмиртов, йиланли The sounds r, l do not occur at the The feature of "Kazakhization" is not beginning of the word. The words that have the r, observed at all Gurlan, Yangibazar districts, as l sound at the beginning of a word will inevitably well as in the settlements and the villages of appear in front of them with a prosthetic vowel. Kilichboy and Halimbek in Amudarya district. Ўрозбой-lit. Ro`ziboy(name. Roziboy), Иражаб- This fact is also confirmed by the dialect lit. Rajab (name.Rajab), Ўрис- lit. rus (Russian), materials. Compare: places names in the dialect as Илай-lit.ilon (mud), Илаққа-lit. laqqa in the words, Юмиртов, Йиланчи, Хитой, (sheatfish), Иланпачи (Lanpachi- a lamp Хўжақ алъа, Халимбек. repairman) and others. The linguist A. Ishaev rightly objected to There are also some lexical peculiarities in this problem. In the local Kazakh language these the studied dialect. In particular, I, you, he differ words are used in the form of Джумуртов, from other when these pronouns Джиланли, Қитай, Қожақ алъа, Қалембек, are varied with the directional conjunction (-a): Шарвак. That is, it is possible to observe the men + ga (моң а), sen+ga (соң а), unga (вуң a), correspondence of the consonants [й //ж -j//dƷ ], shunga(шуң а). Compare the words with the [x//қ -kh//q], [ч//ш (ch//sh)] at the beginning of Kazakh соғ ан, karakalpak соғ ан, nughay соғ а. the word. Assimilated forms of words минaн instead of It should be noted that vocalic harmony is bilan with; aпки instead of olib kel, apkit instead preserved in Khorezm Kipchak dialect types, and of lit. olib ket) are also more active, as well as the 4992 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 4989-4997 ISSN:00333077

words with the dialect suffix –джақ -ламə //-лама бирлама (yaganalash- (келаджақ ,борджақ ) instead of literary singling out) борлама (davomat-to check the kelmoqchi, bormoqchi attendance); In general, Khorezm Kipchak dialects have -лик//-лық отынлиқ (woodland), almost invariant forms in the literary language and тўғ айлиқ (woodland); in other Turkic languages. It is the emergence of -чил//-чыл гапчил (talkative), ўйчил (a the form of grades that has attracted the attention person who thinks a lot); of some linguists in the dialect type. E.D. -мə //-ма ағ дарма, сузмə (a type of Polivanov considers the pronunciation of the word pilaf), созма(rubber) and others. ‘lit. bolalar’(children) in the form of ’baғ alar’ as In general, if we compare the word forming a result of the phenomenon of dissimilation: (- affixes in the Uzbek literary language and other лал->ғ ал) [9:17]. Uzbek dialects, they differ in a number of F. A. Abdullaev explains this case as features, such as the presence of phonetic variants, following, neither the length of vowels when the the width of the scope of application, as well as consonant l falls from the stem, nor the sequential the width of the functional scope. For example, position of two vowels in the word ‘bolalar’ is not the -лық affix corresponds to the -zor affix in typical for Kipchak dialects. Accordingly, a literary language. Тоғ айлық , ȏ тыллиқ glottal sound [h] appeared between the [a] vowels However, the affix -лық is also used in the in the stem, and then it sounded: [bolalar making of professional lexis, such as башлық >баалар> боҳ алар > боғ алар] [2: 146]. (chairman), ȏ ллиқ (brigadier), the noun denoting According to A.G. Gulyamov, the form of possessiveness майлиқ (hand towel), сувлиқ the word "bola"(child) has the plural (-lar) suffix (the part of the strap tied around the horse's the same as usual, but the difference is that it is mouth), қ алиң лиқ (from the word density). added to the Mongolian form of the word "bola" There are also many syntactically compound (боғ алар – bolalar (children)) [10:12]. words in Sheva. Compare: қ улақ чанақ (pot), Ahmad Ishaev writes that the word ‘bala’ қ уртбағ ар (cocoon-keeper), қ арриқ из, has the Mongolian form бурят, baғ a (bagha) and нангўш (melon varieties), пайапил (bridge), the suffix Turkic suffix –лар was added to the кийимбаш (clothes), йармақ апи (door) and so Mongolian stem word and now it is preserved in on. the dialect in the form of ’ боғ алар’. [4:31] It is known that the main part of the There are peculiar features of word-makers lexicon of the Uzbek literary language and Uzbek in Khorezm Kipchak dialect types. In particular, dialects consists of units common to all Turkic there is vocalic harmony in most of the affixes languages. Example: ата (father), қ из, мен, алти, with hard and soft clusters of consonants as in сари (yellow), алтинтов (mountain), тари (tariq), other Uzbek dialects. баш, кӧ з (eye), and so on. -мə н//-ман йилқ иман (horseman), Result and discussion билармон (braggart); This opinion can be confirmed on the -чə //ча маң лайча (scarf tied to the basis of written monuments of Turkic languages. forehead), тумчə (choynak- kettle or vessel made Note the work “Devonu lug'otit Turk”: қ ара of cast iron or aluminum used for boiling water on (black 1.46), ажа (palm, 1.142) ириң (pus, fireplace from the word туң - water pot); 1.154), сағ из (gum, 1.345) and so on. Mahmud -лə с//-лас бийтлə с (a man with lousy Kashghary wrote 900 years ago: "...the most clothes), буртлас//муртлас (shop mo`ylov- thick- accurate and clear language is only the language mustache); of those who know it, do not mix with the 4993 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 4989-4997 ISSN:00333077

Persians, and do not have the habit of going to and In Devon: тирик(alive), öлüк(dead) (И, from cities." (DLT, I, 65). This idea still remains a 54), кичик(small) (I, 119), эллик(fifty) (I, 160), guide for researchers studying dialects. ачиғ (bitter) (I, 94), сариғ (yellow) (И, 335), It should be noted that most of the ideas улуғ (great) (I, 95). and conclusions presented in Devon apply to all In Kipchak dialect: тири(alive), Turkic languages and their dialects. In order to öли(dead), киччи(small), элли(fifty), draw such conclusions, which are common to the аччи(bitter), сари(yellow), улуғ (great). As you Turkic languages, it was necessary, of course, to can see, it’s almost the same except for a few make a comparative study of these languages. In phonetic changes. other words, Mahmud Qashqari's work on the It is known that in Khorezmian comparative study of Turkic languages, the (Kipchak) dialect the consonant y is used before research done nine centuries ago is still one of the words beginning with vowels like i and y. most important manuals for the contemporary Mahmud Kashgari emphasizes that this consonant linguists. These and similar facts allow us to say has existed in Turkish words since ancient times. that Mahmud Kashgari was a great dialectologist This means that the consonant y is not acquired at not only for his time, but for all periods in the the beginning of words such as йилимақ , йип, study of Turkic languages and their dialects. йилан, йилик in the dialect, these consonants It is noteworthy that the words in the have been present in these words since ancient Uzbek literary language such as тоғ , тош, яхши, times. ёмон, юпқ а, яшил, қ ор, қ ўзи, яна, кундуз, Many words preserved in Kipchak dialect can be йўқ , ёлғ он, қ из, сўз, болдиз are used in Devon found in written monuments, including Devon. by Mahmud Kashgari as they exist in presentday There are many words that are common to the Kipchak dialect, although with slight phonetic Devonian lexicon and the Kipchak dialects of the differences. The following words are almost Uzbek language, and the following are examples identical in Devon with the modern Uzbek literary for this case: language and dialect forms. Compare:

In “Devon” in Kipchak dialect with In Literary the Uzbek initial y- sound language кÿн (I, 327) кун quyosh, oftob(the Sun) не (III, 233) не nima?(what?) бал (III, 171) бал asal (honey) жумуртғ а (III,439) юмурта tuxum (an egg) жапурғ ақ (III, 58) япрақ barg (a leaf)

It is difficult to separate the dialect vocabulary 1) Words that do not differ from the literary stock from the main dictionary of the Uzbek language forms: bosh(head), tosh(stone), qir language. But even so, there are a lot of words (edge), bil(know), bilim(knowledge), men(I), that belong to the dialect itself. The lexical bu(this), besh(five) qirq (fourty); structure of the Kipchak dialect in Gurlan- 2) Words that differ from the literary language Yangibazar district of Khorezm region can be form in their phonetic variants: белбов- belbog` compared with the lexical structure of the literary (waistband), бувдай-bug`doy(wheat), ўёв- language in three different ways: uyg`oq(awake); 4994 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 4989-4997 ISSN:00333077

3) The dialect specific words жȏ рраб, шангил, parallels are preserved in the common language of тимақ , ул. the Nogai, Kazakh, Karakalpak and other Turkic If we look at nomadic and pastoral words in the peoples, as well as the Uzbeks of Northern dialect, we find commonalities with Kipchak-type Khorezm, confirms this idea. with neighjboring languages, and in particular N.A. Baskakov, F.Abdullaev, with Uzbek dialects with initial [j] sound instead A.M.Shcherbak, A.M.Shacherbak, O.Madrahimov of [y]. and other scientists who studied Khorezm dialects Certainly, the basis of the vocabulary considers such words as арна, чел, мə нджирə , of Kipchak dialects is the original Turkish and кундə , кэт, далан, хараз, лабър (loop) words original Uzbek words. Although the words in the related to the . These elements dialect have in common with the literary language show that the Turkic tribes in and other dialects in the fields, sometimes their emerged as a result of their strong ties with the peculiarities come to the fore. Iranian tribes.[2: 141]. Prof. O. Madrahimov notes However, there are many words in the that many words in the lexicon of Khorezm dialect dictionary that do not change in the Uzbek Oghuz dialects belong to the ancient Khorezmian literary language. It is not correct to call such language. words dialectal words, as many of such words The words belonging to the lexical layer have been borrowed from other languages. They of the Tajik language are much deeper than are words of our language from the distant past. Arabic words and are organically mixed with the For example: далан (corridor covered with lexical structure of Kipchak dialects. Like all between the gate and the house), дандан, дə дан Uzbek dialects, Tajik words are the words used in (tooth), дасмал (potter), дасқ ар (male sparrow), every day, every hour vital cases. Such words кə чкэрт (sickle, small sickle), кə ззап (swindler, have a strong place in the lexicon of dialects and vile), сархум (mug), қ алтаман (thief, are used in literary language with or without a pickpocket), ÿр (stubborn, obstinate), аран(corral, slight phonetic change. Such words can be pound, stables) and so on. included here: нан(bread), гуман(doubt), It is known that the Turkic languages the худа(God), зäдä(bored), зäрдä(heartburn), Kipchak dialect type are lexically very close to дäстä(handle), пир(saint), постин(sheep-wool each other. However, the vocabulary of these coat), рäсва (scandalous), пияз(onion), асман(the languages also includes terms that are not found in sky), арäстä(chic), ашна(pal), äнжам (tool), other languages or differ in meaning. But they пай(peer), пахса(wall), бахит(happiness), чилим also differ in the sources and quantity of the words (hubble-bubble), дар(noose), рȏ за(fasting), they borrow from other languages. (4:17). We шад(exhilarated), чäн(vat), тухум(seed), палас(a think another fact should be noted here. The large rug), банги(hemp addict), баж(dues), economic, cultural and especially historical ethnic базар(bazaar), паян(fag-end), айна(mirror), relations of the Kazakh, Nogai and Karakalpak жуван(young lady), пар(feather), peoples with the Khorezmian Kipchak dialect зиндан(dungeon), бäд(bad). representatives date back to ancient times. There are also many words used in Therefore, it is natural that tribal names and place dialects that have undergone phonetic changes. names such as Kipchak, Kangli, Uyshun, These are pronounced according to the phonetic Kungrad, Qitay, Qirq, Achamayli, Bolghali have rules of the dialects: ҳ ä:к (lime), дäрваз (gate), been preserved in the language of the people аташкир (otashkurak), кäпкир (original kaftgir living in this area. The fact that such ethnic means skimmer), кäпчä (original kaftcha means 4995 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 4989-4997 ISSN:00333077

spade), хоржин (valise), äстäн (slowly), , and , , and other қ ондақ ( hump), käptär (dove), äптада (aftado), ethnic groups have long lived together in the areas macha (female), абрай (reputation) and so on. we study. So the progressive process is reflected Some of the Persian-Tajik words in the speech of the dialect representatives. In actively used in our research object belong to the their language there are words typical of Kazakh, passive layer in other regions dialects, as well as Turkmen, Karakalpak languages. They are used in the literary language. The list of such words with various phonetic changes and are adapted to include: дäндäнä (flattenning with wood), хараз the pronunciation of the dialect representatives. (wheat(rice)mill), пазза (hammer tooth), гуппи (a The linguist S. Arazkuliev who studied the short wintercoat sewn with cotton inside), дüкарт Turkmen dialects in Khorezm in all linguistic (ironmade scissors), кäчкарт (a type of sickle), aspects notes that the Uzbek language has a strong кüрра (donkey cub), пешгир (pinafore), influence on the language of igdir, dusji, goklan чангғ алақ (cotton swab), абиш (hug), тäртäнäк tribes of the Turkmen. In the second type of (spider), топпиш (wintercap), замариқ dialects, the boundaries of the language are (mushroom), замча (handalak-an early summer gradually disappearing, and becoming the dialects melon), курта (children’s wear sewn of cotton of the Uzbek language. [12: 5-17]. cloth and cotton itself inside), кäриз (drainage Conclusion ditch), паяпил (small wooden bridge to cross Thus, Uzbek dialects are gradually losing ditch), силапча (a small basin for handwash) their original features and merging within the Indeed, there is no doubt that these lexical literary language. This also raises the issue of units are related to Iranian languages. Our collecting rich materials of dialects. observations have always shown that elements of References the ancient Khorezmiy language have been [1] Vamberi A. Travels in Central Asia in preserved in this dialect. Although the Khorezmiy 1863. In Russian, Saint Petersburg, 1865, language was completely mixed and assimilated p.130-135 with Turkic languages in the XIII-XIV centuries, [2] Abdullaev F. Khorezm Dialects of the many lexical and grammatical elements are Uzbek Language, in Uzbek, , preserved in the dialect lexicon of today, 1961, p.236 especially in the onomastic system. Undoubtedly, [3] Tolstov S.P. In Search for Ancient this confirms that the language belongs to the Khorezm Culture, In Uzbek, Tashkent, family of Iranian languages, more precisely, to the 1964, p.27 East Iranian network. [11:11]. If we study these [4] Ishaev A. Uzbek Dialects in units from the historical-etymological point of Karakalpakstan. In Uzbek Tashkent, 1977, view, it allows us to say that there is a separate p.3 lexical layer in the dialect. Based on the properties [5] Doniyorov X. The Vocabulary of the of this layer, we can call it the tag layer of the Kipchak Dialect, In Uzbek Tashkent, 1979, Khorezm dialect lexicon, i.e. the substrate layer. p.12 At the present time, as in all areas, the [6] Abdullaev F. The Classification Problems process of language integration is in progress. The of the Khorezm Dialects (Materials from rapid development of science and technology, the Uzbek Dialectology, in Russian), Tashkent, emergence of various means of communication 1960, p.15 between people, in particular electronic means, [7] Polivanov E.D. …. Kiyat, Kungrad, Shavat led to the convergence of local dialects. Uzbeks, Districts in Khorezm region, the Uzbek 4996 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(1): 4989-4997 ISSN:00333077

SRICC, Volume of Scientific Papers. Issue 1, issue 2, Tashkent, 1934 p.5б [8] Yuldashev R. The "J" Phenomenon in the Dialects of the Uzbek Language Spoken in Tashkent Region, in Uzbek, Uzbek Language and Literature, 1993, Issues 5-6. [9] Polivanov E.D. Some Phonetic Features of the , in Russian, Tashkent, 1933, p.17 [10] Polivanov E. D. Material on the Grammar of the Uzbek Language, in Russian, Issue 1. Introduction. Tashkent, 1935 [11] Gulomov A. Plural Category in Uzbek Language. In Uzbek, Tashkent, 1944, p. 12 [12] Do'simov Z. Khorezm Toponyms. In Uzbek, Tashkent, 1985, II [13] Anazkuliev S. Turkmen speakers in Turtkul District in Karakalpakii. AKD, 1962, Pp. 5-17 [14] 14. Madrahimov O. Oghuz Dialect of the Uzbek Language. In Uzbek, Fan, Tashkent, 1973.

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