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Illustrations maps xiv 1. Th e Mediterranean xiv 2. Th e Aegean Sea xv 3. Central Greece figures 7 1. Drunken symposiast and lyre 10 2. Anatolian storm god 11 3. Zeus throwing lightning at Typhon 32 4. A Muse playing the lyre 43 5. Th e birth of Aphrodite 48 6. Amphitritê stands before Poseidon 51 7. Th ehead of Medusa 55 8. Th eChimaira 70 9. Th e punishment of Atlas and Prometheus 78 10. Hades and Persephone 82 11. Zeus fi ghts Typhon 92 12. Dawn pursues the Trojan prince Tithonos 105 13. Egyptian relief of Maat vii 113 14. Pandora born from the Earth 117 15. Th e Cretan princess Ariadnê and Retribution 124 16. A naked plowman 130 17. A winged North Wind (Boreas) rapes Oreithyia 136 18. A satyr presents a tripod with handles to Dionysos 149 19. Th e theater and reconstructed columns of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi 159 20. Th e Lapith Kaineus being destroyed by a centaur 161 21. A centaur tries to carry off Hippodameia 163 22. Th e Gorgons pursue Perseus 168 23. Zeus parts Athena and Ares genealogical charts 38 1. Th e primordial gods 40 2. Th e children of Earth and Sky 44 3. Th e off spring of Earth and the blood of Sky and the birth of Aphroditê 46 4. Th e descendants of Night Nyx( ) and Strife (Eris) 50 5. Th e descendants Earth and Sea 53 6. Th e descendants of Phorkys and Keto 56 7. Other descendants of Phorkys and Keto 59 8. Th e children of Okeanos and Tethys 61 9. Th e descendants of Th eia and Hyperion and Kreios and Eurybia 63 10. Th e children of Pallas and Styx 63 11. Th e descendants of Koios and Phoibê 65 12. Th e children of Kronos and Rhea 69 13. Th e descendants of Iapetos and Klymenê viii illustrations 85 14. Th e off spring of Zeus and his many wives 87 15. Th e descendants of Ares and Aphrodite 89 16. Th e descendants of Helios and Perseïs 91 17. Other children of Kadmos and Harmonia 93 18. Th e children of Dawn Eos( ) 95 19. Th e descendants of Kalypso, Circe, and Aiëtes 152 20. Th e descendants of Perseus and Andromeda illustrations ix This page intentionally left blank .

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Greek Religion and the Tradition of Myth Religion
Greek Religion and The Tradition of Myth Religion • Religion • An institutionalized system of rituals. • An institution is a “system of ideas whose object is to explain the world” (Durkheim, 1965: 476). • Spiritualism • A belief in forces that exist outside of space and time but that can act within those domains Culture and Belief • “Religion is sociologically interesting not because, as vulgar positivism would have it, it describes the social order...but because... it shapes it” (Geertz 1973, 119). • “The social function of myth is to bind together social groups as wholes or, in other words, to establish a social consensus” (Halpern 1961, 137). Mythos • Archaic Greek: a story, speech, utterance. • Essentially declarative in nature • Classical Greek: An unsubstantiated claim • Mythographos • Logographos • Logopoios Modern Definitions • “…Myth is defined as a complex of traditional tales in which significant human situations are united in fantastic combinations to form a polyvalent semiotic system which is used in multifarious ways to illuminate reality…” • (Burkert 1985: 120). • “A traditional story with collective importance” • (Powell, 2009: 2) Logos • An argument • A statement or story based on comparative evaluation or collection of data • The result of a process • A study • Bio-logy, Socio-logy, mytho-logy • Powell: • logos is defined by authorship, it has a known origin, • mythos is anonymous, it exists in a social milieu undefined by its origin Truth and Falsehood • “The poet and the historian differ not by writing in verse or in prose… The true difference is that one relates what has happened, the other what may happen. Poetry, therefore, is a more philosophical and a higher thing than history: for poetry tends to express the universal, history the particular.” • (Aristotle Poetics 1451a.
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Athena ΑΘΗΝΑ Zeus ΖΕΥΣ Poseidon ΠΟΣΕΙΔΩΝ Hades ΑΙΔΗΣ
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Durham E-Theses
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