Revision of the European Ecolabel Criteria For: Laundry Detergents and Industrial and Institutional Laundry Detergents; EUR 27380 EN; Doi:10.2791/0171
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Revision of the European Ecolabel Criteria for: Laundry detergents and Industrial and institutional laundry detergents Preliminary Report Galyna Medina, Alicia Boyano and Renata Kaps– IPTS Josephine Arendorf, Katherine Bojczuk, Edward Sims, Rimousky Menkveld, Laura Golsteijn, Anne Gaasbeek – Oakdene Hollins and Pre Consultants 2015 EUR 27380 EN This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC96846 EUR 27380 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-79-50316-0 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2791/0171 LF-NA-27380-EN-N © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. How to cite: G. Medina, A. Boyano, R. Kaps, J. Arendorf, K. Bojczuk, E. Sims, R.Menkveld, L.Golsteijn, A. Gaasbeek; Revision of the European Ecolabel Criteria for: Laundry detergents and industrial and institutional laundry detergents; EUR 27380 EN; doi:10.2791/0171 All images © European Union 2015, except: Cover image, shotsstudio, Fotolia.com Towards a sustainable laundry! The EU Ecolabels for Laundry detergents and Industrial and Institutional Laundry detergents is under revision. This report is meant to provide a first evaluation of likely areas for investigation and provides the scientific evidence for the revised EU Ecolabels criteria. The identification of the main hotspots is carried out in this study by means of an initial extensive literature review and subsequent LCA studies. LCA studies shown that the energy used for heating the washing water during the use stage, has an impact in all the environmental categories under study but especially on fossil fuel depletion and global warming potential. The extraction and processing of raw materials that cause impacts on the categories such as mineral depletion, land use and energy use as well as the emissions to the environment (discharge of wastewater) has also impacts of importance depending on the scenario under consideration. The study reveals that there are several improvement opportunities such as detergent compaction which can bring savings in resources or reduction in the wash temperature. Changes in the detergent formulation can also reduce the impacts in different categories. This preliminary report takes part of the revision of the EU Ecolabel criteria for six detergents and cleaners related product groups. The EU Ecolabel revision process is foreseen to be held simultaneously. The progress of these discussions can be followed through the official website: http://susproc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/detergents/index.html 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... 3 Executive summary ............................................................................................ 7 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 9 1.1 Background ......................................................................................... 9 1.2 Purpose of this document ..................................................................... 9 1.3 EU Ecolabel for laundry detergents ......................................................... 9 1.4 Investigation overview ....................................................................... 10 2. LEGAL REVIEW, SCOPE AND DEFINITION ............................................... 11 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 11 2.2 Scope and definition ........................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Product definition........................................................................11 2.2.2 Current EU Ecolabel product scope and definition ............................12 2.3 Feedback from stakeholder consultation ............................................... 13 2.4 Review of legislation – key changes since the previous criteria revision .... 14 2.4.1 Ecolabel Regulation .....................................................................14 2.4.2 Revision to the Detergents Regulation ...........................................15 2.4.3 The Biocides Regulation (EC) No 528/2012 ....................................16 2.4.4 Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Chemical Substances and Mixtures ............................................................................................17 2.5 Review of national ecolabelling schemes ............................................... 17 2.6 The need for separate criteria for LD and IILD ....................................... 51 2.6.1 Stakeholder feedback ..................................................................51 2.6.2 Differences between LD and IILD products .....................................51 2.6.3 Conclusions ................................................................................54 2.7 Summary of the findings ..................................................................... 54 2.8 Recommendations for revision of existing criteria from the stakeholders' survey ...................................................................................................... 55 2.8.1 Comparison between LD, IILD and GPP criteria ...............................55 2.8.2 Assessment and verification of measurement thresholds for constituents .......................................................................................56 2.8.3 Criteria for LD product category ....................................................57 2.8.4 Criteria for IILD product category .................................................66 2.8.5 Additional hot spots ....................................................................70 2.8.6 Summary of suggested criteria changes to be further examined .......71 3. MARKET ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 74 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 74 3.1.1 Economic indicators ....................................................................74 3.1.2 Global market overview, textile washing products ...........................78 3 3.2 Market structure ................................................................................ 79 3.2.1 Product overview ........................................................................79 3.2.2 Market segmentation ..................................................................80 3.2.3 Manufacturers and market shares .................................................84 3.2.4 Structure of supply chain .............................................................85 3.3 Production and sales .......................................................................... 87 3.3.1 EU-28 sales ...............................................................................87 3.3.2 Market trends and projections ......................................................88 3.4 Market trends .................................................................................... 89 3.4.1 Washing machine ownership ........................................................89 3.4.2 Trade-offs in the laundry detergent market – product trends ............90 3.4.3 Sales trends ...............................................................................93 3.4.4 Labelling ....................................................................................93 3.5 Product and process innovation ........................................................... 96 3.5.1 Sustainability trends ...................................................................96 3.6 Consumer trends ............................................................................... 99 3.6.1 Product fragrance .......................................................................99 3.6.2 Sustainable cleaning products ......................................................99 3.6.3 Low temperature washing .......................................................... 100 3.7 Conclusions of the market analysis .................................................... 101 4. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 103 4.1 Technological aspects ....................................................................... 103 4.1.1 Supply chain for laundry detergent production ............................. 103 4.1.2 Description of the production processes ....................................... 104 4.1.3 Laundry detergents ingredients .................................................. 105 4.2 LCA review ...................................................................................... 105 4.2.1 Selection criteria ....................................................................... 106 4.2.2 Selection of reports ................................................................... 106 4.2.3 Detailed revision of selected reports ............................................ 111 4.3 LCA review: results .......................................................................... 113 4.3.1 Results of the selected studies.................................................... 113