Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Monday, May 15, 1995 Volume 31—Number 19 Pages 777–819

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Addresses and Remarks Joint Statements American Israel Public Affairs Committee Russia-United States joint statements Policy Conference—778 Economic Reform, Trade, and Antiterrorism legislation—789 Investment—801 Radio address—777 European Security—799 Russia Missile Systems—799 Central Museum for the Great Patriotic Nonproliferation—800 War in Moscow—791 Transparency and Irreversibility of the Moscow State University—804 Process of Reducing Nuclear Weapons— Ukraine 803 Arrival in Kiev—810 Babi Yar Menorah Memorial in Kiev—814 Meetings With Foreign Leaders Schevchenko University in Kiev—815 Russia, President Yeltsin—792, 799, 800, 801, Virginia, 50th anniversary of V–E Day in 803 Arlington—787 Ukraine, President Kuchma—810 Communications to Congress Proclamations Democracy promotion programs, letter transmitting report—814 Mother’s Day—812 ‘‘Gun-Free School Zones Amendments Act of National Safe Boating Week—812 1995,’’ message transmitting—809 Hungary-U.S. extradition treaty, message Statements by the President transmitting—790 Japan, trade—809 Iran, letter—786 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty extension— Nuclear safety convention, message 811 transmitting—813 Senate confirmation of John Deutch as Executive Orders Director of Central Intelligence—792 Welfare reform initiatives in Delaware—790 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Iran—784 Supplementary Materials Interviews With the News Media Acts approved by the President—819 Exchanges with reporters in Moscow, Checklist of White House press releases—818 Russia—792, 810 Digest of other White House News conference with President Yeltsin of announcements—817 Russia in Moscow, May 10 (No. 95)—792 Nominations submitted to the Senate—818

Editor’s Note: The President was in Kiev, Ukraine, on May 12, the closing date of this issue. Releases and announcements issued by the Office of the Press Secretary but not received in time for inclusion in this issue will be printed next week.

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF regulations prescribed by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, approved by the President (37 FR 23607; 1 CFR Part 10). PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Published every Monday by the Office of the Federal Reg- The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents will be ister, National Archives and Records Administration, Washing- furnished by mail to domestic subscribers for $80.00 per year ton, DC 20408, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ($137.00 for mailing first class) and to foreign subscribers for ments contains statements, messages, and other Presidential $93.75 per year, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, materials released by the White House during the preceding Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The week. charge for a single copy is $3.00 ($3.75 for foreign mailing). The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents is pub- There are no restrictions on the republication of material lished pursuant to the authority contained in the Federal Reg- appearing in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ister Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15), under ments.

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The President’s Radio Address Let me talk a little bit about two or three of these issues. First of all, on strengthening May 6, 1995 border control: For 2 years, we’ve been work- Good morning. This morning I want to talk ing very, very hard to strengthen our borders. We’ve put the best American technology to with you about the problem of illegal immi- work at our borders. We’ve added a lot of gration. It’s a problem our administration in- border patrol agents, 350 last year, 700 this herited, and it’s a very serious one. It costs year. We’re going to add at least another 700 the taxpayers of the United States a lot of next year. money, and it’s unfair to Americans who are In El Paso, our border guards stand so working every day to pay their own bills. It’s close together they can actually see each also unfair to a lot of people who have waited other. They maintain a sealed border in what in line for years and years in other countries used to be the biggest route into America to be legal immigrants. for illegal aliens. We’re extending this cov- Our Nation was built by immigrants. Peo- erage to other sectors of the borders. We’ll ple from every region of the world have made increase border control by 51 percent this lasting and important contributions to our so- year over 1993 and by 60 percent along the ciety. We support legal immigration. In fact, southwest border. That’s pretty good for just we’re doing what we can to speed up the 3 years. process for people who do apply for citizen- We’re also helping States to remove illegal ship when they’re here legally. But we won’t aliens who are criminals, and I want to talk tolerate immigration by people whose first more about that in a moment. But focus on act is to break the law as they enter our coun- this: Right now we’re deporting 110 illegal try. We must continue to do everything we aliens everyday. That’s almost 40,000 a year. can to strengthen our borders, enforce our And we’re going to do even better. laws, and remove illegal aliens from our Now, let me talk a little bit about increas- country. ing deportations. Our plan will triple the As I said in my State of the Union Address, number of criminal and other deportable we are a nation of immigrants, but we’re also aliens deported since 1993. We want to focus a nation of laws. And it is wrong and ulti- on the criminal population or on those who mately self-defeating for a nation of immi- are charged with crimes but who are here grants to permit the kind of abuse of our illegally. Everyday illegal aliens show up in immigration laws we have seen in recent court who are charged. Some are guilty, and years. surely, some are innocent. Some go to jail, This week, I sent strong legislation to Con- and some don’t. But they’re all illegal aliens, gress to try to stop those abuses, to secure and whether they’re innocent or guilty of the our borders in the future, and to speed up crime they’re charged with in court, they’re deportation of illegal immigrants. still here illegally and they should be sent Our immigration policy is focused in four out of the country. areas: first, strengthening border control; If they’re sentenced to jail, they should go second, protecting American jobs by enforc- to jail. But then after their term is over, they ing laws against illegal immigrants at the should be removed from the United States. workplace; third, deporting criminal and de- And when there is a plea bargain, I want de- portable aliens; fourth, giving assistance to portation to be part of the deal. We’ve been States who need it and denying illegal aliens doing this now in southern California, and benefits for public services or welfare. just in southern California, under this provi- 777

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sion, we’re going to send out 800 to 1,000 ter] You’re not supposed to clap for that. illegal immigrants this year. It simply doesn’t [Laughter] make any sense for us to have illegal aliens Thank you, Steve, for that wonderful intro- in our custody, in our courts, and then let duction and for your leadership. Mr. Prime them go back to living here illegally. That’s Minister, Ambassador Rabinovich, the Israeli wrong, and we should stop it. Minister of Health, Larry Weinberg and Les- Now, in addition to strengthening the bor- ter Pollack and Neal Sher and members of der patrol, deporting more aliens who are our administration who are here, Mr. Lake part of our court system, and really cracking and Ambassador Indyk, Secretary Glickman. down on inspection at the work site in Amer- I can’t help pointing out that we have been ica, we have to face the fact that we’ve got a country now for a very long time, and the another big problem, and that is the backlog. Jewish people have a special relationship There is actually a backlog in the deportation with the soil. Dan Glickman is the first Jew- of illegal aliens of over 100,000. That’s ish-American Secretary of Agriculture in the 100,000 people we have identified who are history of the Republic. I’m also delighted still awaiting the completion of their deporta- to see one of the best friends Israel has in tion hearings. I have instructed the Justice the United States, Senator Frank Lauten- Department to get rid of this backlog. If it berg, out there in the audience. It’s good to takes extra judges, we’ll ask Congress for the see you, Senator. money to get them. We cannot justify con- I’m delighted to be here tonight among tinuing to have this large number of illegal so many familiar faces and to have Steve re- aliens in our country simply because our mind me of that remarkable occasion I had court system won’t process them. to meet with this group in 1989. I first spoke We also have hundreds of thousands of with an AIPAC group in my home State, in people who have been ordered to leave our Arkansas, 5 years before that. I thank so country, who then disappear back into the many of you here for your support and your population. I have instructed the Justice De- counsel. And I am deeply honored to be the partment, and particularly the Immigration first sitting President ever to address this and Naturalization Service, to come up with conference. a plan in which we can cooperate with the There are many things for which I could States to identify these people and move express my thanks to AIPAC. I would like them out as well. to begin by thanking you for having all these Our country was built by immigrants, but students here tonight. I think that’s a won- it was built also by people who obeyed the derful—[applause] Thank you. Thank you. I law. We must be able to control our borders, must say, when we came out to such a nice, we must uphold respect for our laws. We’re enthusiastic reception, and the Prime Min- cracking down on this huge problem we ister and I were standing here and they start- found when I got here, and we’re going to ed shouting, ‘‘Four more years,’’ Steve whis- keep working at it until we do much, much pered in my ear. He said, ‘‘Do you think better. they’re talking about you or Prime Minister Thanks for listening. Rabin? ’’ [Laughter] And it wasn’t so many years ago when we NOTE: The President spoke at 10:06 a.m. from could have voted the students in both places the Map Room at the White House. in my home State, but we’ve changed that now, so you’ll have to decide. But I’m glad to have you here. Remarks to the American Israel I want to thank you for helping to make Public Affairs Committee Policy the partnership between the United States Conference and Israel what it is today. I want to thank May 7, 1995 you for understanding by the enormous re- sponse you gave to the Prime Minister the Thank you. If I had really good judgment incredibly pivotal role he has played in mak- I would stop now while I’m ahead. [Laugh- ing that partnership what it is by having the

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courage to take the risks he has taken to first of all, preparing for the very good meet- make a lasting peace. Few individuals that ing I just finished with the Prime Minister I have ever met have risen to the challenge and, secondly, getting ready for the upcom- of history as he has. ing trip I will take to Moscow and Kiev. To- He could well have been content simply morrow marks the 50th anniversary of the to be a member of the heroic generation that victory of the Allied forces in World War II defended Israel at its birth and then to have in Europe. We will mark that day here in risen to lead the Israeli military in preserving a very moving and wonderful ceremony. its strength against all odds. But instead, he Then I will get on the plane and travel to has shepherded the Jewish state into a new Moscow and then to Kiev to honor the sac- era. And I am persuaded that no matter what rifices in that war of the peoples of Russia happens in the days and weeks and months and the newly independent states. ahead, there will be no turning back, thanks Five decades ago, the people of the United in large measure to Prime Minister Rabin. States and the then Soviet Union joined to- He has sacrificed many things large and gether to oppose an evil unmatched in our small to make this relationship work and to history. In that conflict, 27 million Russians pursue the peace. He has, for example, en- lost their lives—or members of the Soviet dured the ban on smoking at the White republic. They were soldiers and citizens; House. [Laughter] But I want you to know there were untold tens of thousands of something else. When we first met, as I have women and children; they were Russians and said over and over again, he was looking at Belarussians, Uzbeks and Jews, Ukrainians, me and I was looking at him, and he was Armenians, and more. Death touched every sort of sizing me up, and I already knew he family. The siege of one city took a million was bigger than life. [Laughter] I said, if you lives in 900 days. This week we will honor will take risks for peace, my job is not to that almost unimaginable sacrifice. tell you what to do, how to do it, or when to do it, it is to minimize those risks. That But the trip also gives us a chance to look is what I have tried to do. forward. Just as we fought five decades ago I can tell you something, my fellow Ameri- for our common security, against the com- cans, if they were easy, somebody would have mon evil, today we can fight for our common done it before. Anytime a leader takes on security by striving for common good. Fun- an issue this fraught with difficulty, this full damentally, this trip is about making the of emotion, where every day and every way American people more secure and giving even the leader must sometimes have mixed them a better future. feelings about the decisions that have to be We’ve always based our policies from the made, that requires a level of fortitude and beginning of our administration on a sober vision most people in any elected democracy assessment of the challenges faced by these cannot muster. You have to be willing to nations and a conviction that cooperation was watch your poll ratings go up and down like in our best interests. We supported the a bouncing ball. You have to be willing to forces of openness, democracy, and reform be misunderstood. You have to be willing to in Russia for one reason above all: It is good know that no matter what you do, if it is all for the American people and good for the right, things beyond your control could still rest of the world. make it turn out all wrong. And if you do In the last 2 years, that policy has made it anyway because you know that it is the every American safer. It’s helped Russia be- only honorable course for the long-term in- come a partner for trade, investment, and terests of your people, that is true statesman- cooperation and to assume its rightful place ship. And that is what the Prime Minister among the nations of the world. We’ve got has done. some concrete benefits to show for it. Some I would like to ask your leave for a moment of you may not know this, but because of to discuss one other issue before I return to the agreement made last year between the the Middle East. This weekend I have been United States and Russia, for the first time working on two major areas of foreign policy: since the dawn of the nuclear age, there are

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no Russian missiles pointed at the citizens The war in Chechnya, where continued of the United States. fighting can only spill more blood and further We’re destroying thousands of nuclear erode international support for Russian re- weapons at a faster rate than our treaties re- form is a case in point. And Russia’s coopera- quire. We have removed nuclear weapons tion with Iran is another. from Kazakhstan, and Ukraine and Belarus All of you know that Iran, a country with soon will follow. We’re cooperating with the more than enough oil to meet its energy Russians to prevent nuclear weapons and needs, wants to buy reactors and other nu- bomb-making materials from falling into the clear technology from Russia. This fact, to- hands of terrorists and smugglers. We’re gether with other evidence about Iran’s nu- working together to extend indefinitely a nu- clear program, supports only one conclusion: clear nonproliferation treaty. For the first Iran is bent on building nuclear weapons. time in half a century there are no Russian I believe Russia has a powerful interest in troops in Central Europe or the Baltics. Al- preventing a neighbor, especially one with most 60 percent of the Russian economy is Iran’s track record, from possessing these now in private hands, and the elements of weapons. Therefore, if this sale does go for- a free society—elections, open debate, and ward, Russian national security can only be a strong, independent media, whether the weakened in the long term. The specter of politicians like it or not—are beginning to an Iran armed with weapons of mass destruc- take root. tion and the missiles to deliver them haunts Compared with only a few years ago, when not only Israel but the entire Middle East severe disagreements with Moscow para- and, ultimately, all the rest of us as well. lyzed our relations and threatened nuclear confrontation, we live in safer, more hopeful The United States, and I believe all the times because of this extraordinary opening Western nations, have an overriding interest to new freedom in Russia. in containing the threat posed by Iran. Today Of course, ultimately, the fate of this coun- Iran is the principal sponsor of global terror- try, like every other, lies in the hands of its ism, as the Prime Minister has said. It seeks own people. And there is still a struggle be- to undermine the West and its values by sup- tween the proponents of reform and the porting the murderous attacks of the Islamic forces of reaction. Peaceful, democratic Jihad, Hezbollah, and other terrorist groups. change is not inevitable, and the forces of It aims to destroy the Middle East peace reform will suffer setbacks. But after all, process. that’s no different from what happens in any You know the need for firm action here democracy. The forces of hope and fear are as well as I do. And I thank you for your not always in the proper balance. long history of calling attention to Iran’s cam- Nonetheless, in the struggle for freedom, paign of terror. I thank you for urging a deci- the engagement and support of the West, sive response, and I thank you for supporting and especially the United States, can make the action we have taken. We have worked an important difference. So more than ever, to counter Iran’s sponsorship of terrorism, we have to engage and not withdraw. We its efforts to acquire nuclear weapons. We will have our differences with Russia, but led our G–7 allies to ban weapons sales, tight- even our differences today occur in a dif- ening restrictions on dual-use technology and ferent context. The movement of the rela- in preventing Iran from obtaining credit from tionship is plainly toward increasing democ- international financial institutions. But more racy and increasing security. The interests of has to be done. That’s why I ordered an end our people are clearly best supported by sup- to all U.S. trade and investment with Iran. porting that transition in Russia to a more I understand this will mean some sacrifice free and open society. When we have similar for American companies and our workers. goals, we’ll cooperate. When we disagree, as But the United States has to lead the way. we do and we will, we must manage those Only by leading can we convince other na- differences openly, constructively, and reso- tions to join us. I hope you will help us con- lutely. vince other nations to join us.

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Let me mention two other nations. We I’s for the Israeli Air Force because Israel have also taken a strong stand against Libya. should have the world’s best long-range, mul- We remain determined to bring those re- tiple-role fighter. We have continued the sponsible for the bombing of Pan Am 103 transfer of 200 fighter aircraft and attack hel- to trial. And make no mistake about it, icopters that began after the Gulf war. We though U.N. sanctions have weakened Sad- are committing over $350 million, the major dam Hussein, he remains an aggressive, dan- share of development costs, for the Arrow gerous force. He showed that last October, missile system to assure that Israel never menacing Kuwait until our Armed Forces’ again is left defenseless in the face of a mis- swift and skillful deployment forced him to sile attack. back down. As long as he refuses to account We delivered the most advanced multiple- for Iraqi weapons programs, past and launch rocket system in the world to give Is- present, as long as he refuses to comply with rael defense forces the fire power they need. all relevant Security Council resolutions, we And to help enhance Israel’s high-tech capa- cannot agree, and we will not agree, to lift bilities, we approved the sale of super- the sanctions against Iraq. We will not com- computers, and we allowed access for the promise on this issue, and we value the sup- first time to the American space launch vehi- port we have received from the Prime Min- cle markets. ister and the State of Israel. As you and AIPAC have argued for a dec- Our measures to contain these rogue na- ade, this is a two-way relationship that has tions are part of a larger effort to combat real benefits for both our nations. Our strate- all those who oppose peace, because even gic and intelligence cooperation is now deep- as we achieve great strides in resolving the er than ever. This year we conducted the age-old conflict between Arabs and Israelis, largest ever joint military exercise with the there remains a struggle between those searching for peace and those determined to idea. We are pre-positioning more military deny it, between those who want a better hardware in Israel. And the Pentagon has future and those who seek a return to the signed contracts worth more than $3 billion bloody past in the Middle East. to purchase high-quality military products No one should doubt the determination from Israeli companies. of the United States. We will oppose the en- The landmark events of the last 2 years emies of peace as relentlessly as we support were, in part, possible because the United those who take risks for peace. States worked to ensure Israel’s strength, be- Now I want to go over some of the things cause we helped to give Israel the confidence that the Prime Minister has said because it to make peace by minimizing those risks, be- is important that we be seen as one voice cause we built a relationship of trust, and on these issues. As Steve said, before I was because we made it clear that no one could elected to office I vowed to be an unshakable drive a wedge between us. And, Mr. Prime supporter of Israel. I have kept that commit- Minister, as long as I’m here, no one will ment. We have maintained current levels of ever drive a wedge between us. security and economic assistance. We’ve But we have a new problem here at home made clear to all that our commitment to to which others have alluded. Here in the the security and well-being of the Jewish United States and in positions of authority, state is absolutely unwavering, and will con- there are those who claim to be friends of tinue to be. Israel and supporters of peace and people In any agreement, in any agreement Israel who believe they are friends of Israel and concludes with Syria it will have the means supporters of peace, whose efforts would to defend itself by itself. And no child in make Israel less safe and peace less likely. Kiryat Shemona or Metulla will go to bed Under the cover of budget cutting, back-door afraid for his or her safety. isolationists on the left and the right want Today, Israel’s military edge is greater than to cut the legs off of our leadership in the ever because the United States has kept its Middle East and around the world. They word. We approved the purchase of F–15– want to deny the United States the resources

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we need to support allies who take risks for hind our commitments. We cannot do it. We peace. must not do it. Legislation being prepared in Congress I thank you for your vision in supporting could reduce by as much as 25 percent our debt relief for Jordan. We need that kind of foreign policy spending, which is now just support to help the risk takers, including the a little over 1 percent of the Federal budget Palestinian Authority, demonstrate to their and is clearly, as a percentage of our income, people that peace does bring benefits, that by far the smallest of any advanced nation it promises a better life for themselves and in the world. We did not win the cold war for their children. The price we pay for these to walk away and blow the peace on foolish, programs, I say again, is small compared to penny-wise, pound-foolish budgeting. their benefits. Consider this: Everybody is happy that So I ask you to help me to win bipartisan we’re helping Ukraine, Belarus, and support to preserve American leadership, to Kazakhstan get rid of nuclear weapons on prevent the isolationists from risking all that their territory. That makes us safer. But we was achieved in the cold war and its after- can’t do it for free. We’re helping to build math. And I ask you to do something else democracy in Central and Eastern Europe, when you go home. Survey after survey after but we can’t do that for free. We’re combat- survey show that if you ask the American ing the international flow of drugs that people what are we spending on foreign aid plagues our communities, but we can’t do and welfare, poll after poll after poll says that for free. we’re spending somewhere between 40 and All over the world, in countries that are 50 percent of our budget on foreign aid and desperately poor, people are trying to learn welfare. The truth is, we’re spending a nickel how to support themselves and to sustain of our budget on foreign aid and welfare— their environment so that they can have or- all of our foreign assistance programs prob- derly societies and be part of peaceful co- ably define a little over 2 cents in the budget; operation and not be consumed by the radi- our direct welfare programs, about 3 cents. cal currents sweeping across the world. And If the American people knew the facts, they for a pittance by American standards, we can would support these endeavors. If they un- make all the difference in the world. But we derstood that of the 22 wealthiest countries cannot do it for free. in the world, we are dead last in the percent- More than any audience in this country, age of our income and the percentage of our perhaps, you understand that. You under- national budget going to these programs, stand the importance of our leadership and they would not walk away from this. the reasonable price we must pay to sustain So when you go home, don’t just lobby it. If we have to abandon that role simply Congress. Write your folks in the local news- because we are denied the tools of foreign paper, call into some of those talk radio aid and security assistance, one of the first shows from time to time and tell the Amer- to be affected is Israel, because Israel is on ican people the truth. the frontline of the battle of freedom and Let me say just a few words about where peace, and Israel’s strength is backed by we are now in the Middle East. The conflict America’s strength and our global leadership. of decades will not end with the stroke of There may be some who say, ‘‘Well, I’m a pen, or even two pens, but consider how going to cut all this, but I’ll protect bilateral far we have come. No one who was there assistance to Israel.’’ Ask the Prime Minister. will ever forget that brilliant day on the Even if that is done, other budget cuts would White House lawn when Prime Minister threaten our efforts to help Israel reach a Rabin and Chairman Arafat resolved to end lasting peace with its neighbors. Because their conflict. No one who was there will ever those efforts depend upon our ability to sup- forget the magnificent ceremony in the port everybody who takes risks for peace. If Araba on the ground at the Patriarch’s Walk we renege on our commitments to Egypt, when Israel and Jordan made peace after 46 to Jordan, to the Palestinians, we will never years. Those were two of my proudest mo- convince anybody else that we will stand be- ments as President. They should be two of

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every American’s proudest moments for our to see the family of Alicia Flatow. And we— country in the last 2 years. [applause]—and we honor the memories of There is a constituency for peace in the Alicia and Corporal Waxman and so many Middle East growing stronger and stronger. others. Thanks in large measure to the tireless efforts We are encouraging Chairman Arafat to of Secretary Christopher, Israel and Syria are continue and to intensify his efforts to crack engaged in serious, substantive negotiations down on extremists. He is now taking con- on the terms of a treaty which can both se- crete steps to prosecute those who plan and cure another of Israel’s borders and put an carry out acts of violence. These measures end to the entire conflict. A number of Arab and others to confront terror and establish countries, Morocco, Tunisia, Oman, Qatar, the rule of law must be continued. The peace have begun to normalize relations with Israel. will never succeed without them. We have begun to dismantle the Arab boy- As I said in the Knesset last fall, the en- cott, and I think we’ll see its end before too emies of peace will not succeed because they long. I will not rest until we do see the end are the past, not the future. We will continue of the boycott. It is high time, and it should to do everything in our power to make that be ended. statement true. I think all of you know that peace requires But we face today in the Middle East, in more than treaties. It surely requires eco- Russia, and throughout the world a whole nomic progress. We are moving aggressively set of new challenges in a new era. The global on this front. We’re continuing to provide economy, the explosion of information, the the $10 billion in loan guarantees so Israel can absorb the 600,000 emigrants from the incredible advance of technology, the rapid former Soviet Union and finance the invest- movement of information, and people, all ment and infrastructure it needs for a grow- these forces are bringing us into a more inte- ing economy. We are cooperating to turn cut- grated world. They prod people on the one ting-edge technologies into new products hand to realize that it makes sense to stop and to create new jobs for our nations, work- killing each other and to make peace and to ing to create a Middle East development start working together, whether that’s in the bank, encouraging development in Israel and Middle East or Northern Ireland or South- Jordan that will generate good new jobs, ern Africa. starting to attack the economic discontent of That means that the next century can be Egypt’s young where extremism has its roots. the most exciting time, the time most full After all these efforts, and for all the en- of human possibility in all history. But we ergy the Israelis, Arabs, and Americans have also know that all these forces of integration devoted to the cause, the circle of peace is have a dark side as well, for they make us not yet closed. And the dream of the day vulnerable in new ways to organized destruc- when all Israelis are truly secure in their tion and evil, in terrorism terms and in terms homes and free from fear is not yet fulfilled. of proliferating weapons of mass destruction. The closer we come to achieving that peace, We see that not only at the terrible tragedy the more desperate and fanatical become the in Oklahoma City or the World Trade Center enemies of peace. or the streets of Israel, we also see it in the In the wake of the tragedy in Oklahoma subway stations of Japan. The more open and City, about which the Prime Minister spoke flexible our people become, the more we so eloquently, I think our Americans now feel move around and relate to each other, the more strongly than ever and understand more vulnerable we will be, and the more more clearly than ever the sense of horror vigilant we must become. and outrage at terrorism, at the bus bomb- In the Middle East, as nowhere else, these ings, the attacks on soldiers, the killings in two forces of integration and disintegration the streets of Jerusalem. The cost of all this are locked in a deadly struggle, a strong Israel inhumanity and cowardice has been appall- backed by a strong America, building peace ing. We grieve with the families of the vic- with its neighbors, a new openness in the tims. We thank the Prime Minister for going region but, on the other side, these continu-

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ing desperate attempts of fanatics, eager to Section 1. The following are prohibited, keep old and bloody conflicts alive. except to the extent provided in regulations, We can beat them. We must beat them. orders, directives, or licenses that may be is- But we are going to have to work at it. We sued pursuant to this order, and notwith- cannot grow weak. We cannot grow weary. standing any contract entered into or any li- And we cannot lose our self-confidence. If cense or permit granted prior to the effective we give up on the peace, if we give up on date of this order: (a) the importation into our freedoms, if we walk away from what we the United States, or the financing of such are and what we can become, in the United importation, of any goods or services of Ira- States, Japan, the former Soviet Union, but nian origin, other than Iranian-origin publi- most of all in the Middle East, then they will cations and materials imported for news pub- have won, even if we defeat them. lications or news broadcast dissemination; So I ask you in closing, stand for the forces (b) except to the extent provided in section of the future. Stand with this brave man in 203(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)), the his attempts to make peace. And let’s don’t exportation from the United States to Iran, stop until the job is done. the Government of Iran, or to any entity Thank you, and God bless you. owned or controlled by the Government of Iran, or the financing of such exportation, of NOTE: The President spoke at 10 p.m. at the Sher- aton Washington. In his remarks, he referred to any goods, technology (including technical Steve Grossman, president, Larry Weinberg, data or other information subject to the Ex- chairman emeritus, and Neal Sher, executive di- port Administration Regulations, 15 CFR rector, American Israel Public Affairs Committee; Parts 768–799 (1994) (the ‘‘EAR’’)), or serv- Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin of Israel; Health ices; Minister Efraim Sneh of Israel; Itamar (c) the reexportation to Iran, the Govern- Rabinovich, Israeli Ambassador to the U.S.; Les- ment of Iran, or to any entity owned or con- ter Pollack, chairman, Conference of Presidents trolled by the Government of Iran, of any of Major American Jewish Organizations; Martin goods or technology (including technical data Indyk, U.S. Ambassador to Israel; and Hamas kid- naping victim Cpl. Nahshon Waxman. or other information) exported from the United States, the exportation of which to Iran is subject to export license application Executive Order 12959—Prohibiting requirements under any United States regu- Certain Transactions With Respect lations in effect immediately prior to the issu- to Iran ance of this order, unless, for goods, they May 6, 1995 have been (i) substantially transformed out- side the United States, or (ii) incorporated By the authority vested in me as President into another product outside the United by the Constitution and the laws of the Unit- States and constitute less than 10 percent by ed States of America, including the Inter- value of that product exported from a third national Emergency Economic Powers Act country; (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the Na- (d) except to the extent provided in section tional Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et 203(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)), any seq.), section 505 of the International Secu- transaction, including purchase, sale, trans- rity and Development Cooperation Act of portation, swap, financing, or brokering 1985 (22 U.S.C. 2349aa–9) (ISDCA), and transactions, by a United States person relat- section 301 of title 3, United States Code, ing to goods or services of Iranian origin or I, William J. Clinton, President of the owned or controlled by the Government of United States of America, in order to take Iran; steps with respect to Iran in addition to those (e) any new investment by a United States set forth in Executive Order No. 12957 of person in Iran or in property (including enti- March 15, 1995, to deal with the unusual and ties) owned or controlled by the Government extraordinary threat to the national security, of Iran; foreign policy, and economy of the United (f) the approval or facilitation by a United States referred to in that order, hereby order: States person of the entry into or perform-

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ance by an entity owned or controlled by a cies of the United States Government. All United States person of a transaction or con- agencies of the United States Government tract (i) prohibited as to United States per- are hereby directed to take all appropriate sons by subsection (c), (d), or (e) above, or measures within their authority to carry out (ii) relating to the financing of activities pro- the provisions of this order. hibited as to United States persons by those Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Treasury may subsections, or of a guaranty of another per- not authorize the exportation or reexpor- son’s performance of such transaction or con- tation to Iran, the Government of Iran, or tract; and an entity owned or controlled by the Govern- (g) any transaction by any United States ment of Iran of any goods, technology, or person or within the United States that services subject to export license application evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evad- requirements of another agency of the Unit- ing or avoiding, or attempts to violate, any ed States Government, if authorization of the of the prohibitions set forth in this order. exportation or reexportation by that agency Sec. 2. For the purposes of this order: would be prohibited by law. (a) the term ‘‘person’’ means an individual or entity; Sec. 5. Sections 1 and 2 of Executive (b) the term ‘‘entity’’ means a partnership, Order No. 12613 of October 29, 1987, and association, trust, joint venture, corporation, sections 1 and 2 of Executive Order No. or other organization; 12957 of March 15, 1995, are hereby revoked (c) the term ‘‘United States person’’ means to the extent inconsistent with this order. any United States citizen, permanent resi- Otherwise, the provisions of this order sup- dent alien, entity organized under the laws plement the provisions of Executive Orders of the United States (including foreign No. 12613 and 12957. branches), or any person in the United Sec. 6. Nothing contained in this order States; shall create any right or benefit, substantive (d) the term ‘‘Iran’’ means the territory of or procedural, enforceable by any party Iran and any other territory or marine area, against the United States, its agencies or in- including the exclusive economic zone and strumentalities, its officers or employees, or continental shelf, over which the Govern- any other person. ment of Iran claims sovereignty, sovereign Sec. 7. The measures taken pursuant to rights or jurisdiction, provided that the Gov- this order are in response to actions of the ernment of Iran exercises partial or total de Government of Iran occurring after the con- facto control over the area or derives a bene- clusion of the 1981 Algiers Accords, and are fit from economic activity in the area pursu- intended solely as a response to those later ant to international arrangements; and actions. (e) the term ‘‘new investment’’ means (i) Sec. 8. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a commitment or contribution of funds or a.m., eastern daylight time, on May 7, 1995, other assets, or (ii) a loan or other extension except that (i) section 1(b), (c), and (d) of of credit. Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Treasury, in this order shall not apply until 12:01 a.m., consultation with the Secretary of State, is eastern daylight time, on June 6, 1995, to hereby authorized to take such actions, in- trade transactions under contracts in force cluding the promulgation of rules and regula- as of the date of this order if such trans- tions, the requirement of reports, including actions are authorized pursuant to Federal reports by United States persons on oil trans- regulations in force immediately prior to the actions engaged in by their foreign affiliates date of this order (‘‘existing trade contracts’’), with Iran or the Government of Iran, and and (ii) letters of credit and other financing to employ all powers granted to the President agreements with respect to existing trade by IEEPA and ISDCA as may be necessary contracts may be performed pursuant to to carry out the purposes of this order. The their terms with respect to underlying trade Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate any transactions occurring prior to 12:01 a.m., of these functions to other officers and agen- eastern daylight time, on June 6, 1995.

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(b) This order shall be transmitted to the Iran of goods, technology or services, in- Congress and published in the Federal Reg- cluding trade financing by U.S. banks; ister. —Prohibits the reexportation of certain William J. Clinton U.S. goods and technology to Iran from third countries; The White House, May 6, 1995. —Prohibits transactions such as brokering and other dealing by United States per- [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, sons in Iranian goods and services; 2:43 p.m., May 8, 1995] —Prohibits new investments by United States persons in Iran or in property NOTE: This Executive order was released by the Office of the Press Secretary on May 8, and it owned or controlled by the Government was published in the Federal Register on May 9. of Iran; —Prohibits U.S. companies from approv- ing or facilitating their subsidiaries’ per- Letter to Congressional Leaders on formance of transactions that they them- Iran selves are prohibited from performing; May 6, 1995 —Continues the 1987 prohibition on the importation into the United States of Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) goods and services of Iranian origin; and On March 15, 1995, I reported to the Con- gress that, pursuant to section 204(b) of the —Allows U.S. companies a 30-day period International Emergency Economic Powers in which to perform trade transactions Act (50 U.S.C. 1703(b)), and section 301 of pursuant to contracts predating this the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. order that are now prohibited. 1631), I exercised my statutory authority to With the exception of the trade noted declare a national emergency to respond to above, all prohibitions contained in the Exec- the actions and policies of the Government utive order are effective as of 12:01 a.m., of Iran and to issue an Executive order that eastern daylight time, on May 7, 1995. prohibited United States persons from enter- This new order provides that the Secretary ing into contracts for the financing or the of the Treasury, in consultation with the Sec- overall management or supervision of the de- retary of State, is authorized to take such ac- velopment of petroleum resources located in tions, including the promulgation of rules Iran or over which Iran claims jurisdiction. and regulations, as may be necessary to carry Following the imposition of these restric- out the purposes of the order. The order also tions with regard to the development of Ira- authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to nian petroleum resources, Iran has continued require reports, including reports on foreign to engage in activities that represent a threat affiliates’ oil trading with Iran. There are cer- to the peace and security of all nations. I have tain transactions subject to the prohibitions now taken additional measures to respond to contained in the Executive order that I have Iran’s continuing support for international directed the Secretary of the Treasury to au- terrorism, including support for acts that un- thorize through licensing, including trans- dermine the Middle East peace process, as actions by United States persons related to well as its intensified efforts to acquire weap- the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal in ons of mass destruction. I have issued a new The Hague, established pursuant to the Al- Executive order and hereby report to the giers Accords, and other international obliga- Congress pursuant to the above authorities tions and United States Government func- and section 505(c) of the International Secu- tions. Such transactions also include the ex- rity and Development Cooperation Act of port of agricultural commodities consistent 1985 (22 U.S.C. 2349aa–9(c)). with section 5712(c) of title 7, United States The new order I have issued with respect Code. In addition, United States persons may to Iran: be licensed to participate in market-based —Prohibits exportation from the United swaps of crude oil from the Caspian Sea area States to Iran or to the Government of for Iranian crude oil in support of energy

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projects in Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and At war’s end, an 8-year-old boy, already Kazakhstan. a veteran of air raids and bomb shelters, was This order revokes sections 1 and 2 of Ex- asked what he wanted to be when he grew ecutive Order No. 12613 of October 29, up. He answered with one word: Alive. 1987, and sections 1 and 2 of Executive The American people, secure on our con- Order No. 12957 of March 15, 1995, to the tinent, sobered by memories of the last war, extent they are inconsistent with this order. were not eager to enter into the struggle. But The declaration of national emergency made they were stirred by the extraordinary cour- by Executive Order No. 12957 remains in age of the British, all alone and carrying lib- effect and is not affected by this order. erty’s flickering torch into Europe’s darken- Sincerely, ing night. Pushed by their passion for free- William J. Clinton dom, prodded by the wise leadership of President Roosevelt, and provoked, finally, NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Newt Ging- by the infamy at Pearl Harbor, Americans rich, Speaker of the House of Representatives, went to war. and Albert Gore, Jr., President of the Senate. This It became an all-consuming effort. Mil- letter was released by the Office of the Press Sec- lions were heroes here on the home front. retary on May 8. They built the planes, the ships, the tanks, the trucks that carried the Allied armies into Remarks on the 50th Anniversary of battle. They bought victory bonds to pay for V-E Day in Arlington, Virginia the war. The collected scrap metal for weap- May 8, 1995 ons, worn-out rubber for tires, left-over fat for explosives. And they planted 20 million Thank you, Colonel McIntosh, for those victory gardens to help feed the Nation. remarkable words and your remarkable serv- With good cheer they sacrificed, rationing ice. General Shalikashvili, Secretary Perry, food and clothing, holding themselves to 3 Secretary Brown, Father Sampson, Members gallons of gas a week. And President Roo- of Congress, members of the Armed Forces, sevelt willed them onward. ‘‘There is one distinguished guests, American veterans all, front and one battle,’’ he said, ‘‘where every- and especially to our most honored guests, one in the United States, every man, woman, the veterans of the Second World War: and child, is in action. That front is right here Fifty years ago on this day the guns of war at home.’’ in Europe fell silent. A long shadow that had Across the ocean, their fathers and broth- been cast on the entire continent was lifted. ers, sisters and mothers, friends and neigh- Freedom’s warriors rejoiced. We come bors gave the best years of their lives to the today, 50 years later, to recall their triumph, terrible business of war. Some of them were to remember their sacrifice, and to rededi- among the greatest leaders our country and cate ourselves to the ideals for which they the world have ever known: Eisenhower, fought and for which so many of them died. Marshall, Bradley, Patton. But no matter By Victory Day in Europe, from the beach- their rank, every soldier, airman, marine, sail- es of Normandy to the gates of Moscow, or, every merchant marine, every nurse, some 40 million people lost their lives in every doctor was a hero who carried the ban- World War II. These enormous but faceless ner of justice into the battle for freedom. numbers hid millions upon millions of per- Some of them are here with us today: The sonal tragedies: soldiers shot and shattered gentleman who introduced me, Frederick by weapons of war, prisoners cut down by McIntosh, was then an Air Force lieutenant. disease and starvation, children buried in the He flew, as has been said, 104 missions. His rubble of bombed out buildings, and entire daring dive-bomb raids on D-Day helped families exterminated solely because of the clear the way for the Allied landing; another blood that ran in their veins. And for every veteran behind me, Robert Katayama, a pri- death, so many more fell wounded, physically vate with the Japanese-American 442d Regi- and emotionally. They would survive, but mental Combat Team, that finally broke their lives would be changed forever. through the formidable Gothic line in Italy

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after 5 months of ferocious assault; another, Bill Ellington died a few years ago. But Anna Connelly Wilson, a nurse who tended Samuel Pisar, now an American citizen, is American soldiers moving gasoline and mu- here with us today. And I’d like to ask him nitions across the deserts of Iran into the to stand as a reminder of what that war was hands of our Russian allies; another, Abben all about. [Applause] MaGuire, a Navy demolition expert who The saga of hope emerged from the ashes landed on Omaha Beach ahead of the Allied of a horror that defies comprehension still: assault, clearing mines, barbed wire, and the Nazi death camps. In the gas chambers booby traps, under heavy fire from the and crematoriums was proof of man’s infinite enemy; another, George Ellers, a seaman on capacity for evil. In the empty eyes of the Coast Guard boats, charged with protecting skeletal survivors was a question that to this the merchant marine armadas that ferried day has never been answered: How could this food and supplies from America to Europe happen? and beyond; Joseph Kahoe, a lieutenant with But at 2:40 a.m. on May 7th, in a small the all-African-American 761st tank battal- red-brick schoolhouse in France, the Ger- ion, who braved the deadening cold of the mans signed their unconditional surrender. Ardennes and the brutal Nazi counterattacks The armistice took effect the next day, this to help win the Battle of the Bulge; and Fa- day 50 years ago. ther Francis Sampson, an Army chaplain who News of the victory spread and grew from parachuted into Normandy, then into Hol- a ripple of excitement to a river of joy. The land, was wounded, captured, but managed liberated capitals of Western Europe were to escape. awash in relief and jubilation. The boulevards In their bravery, and that of all their broth- burst with flag-waving, teary-eyed thanks- ers and sisters in arms, America found the giving celebrants. Everywhere people tore will to defeat the forces of fascism. And today down their black-out curtains and let the we, the sons and daughters of their sacrifice, light of peace shine out. say thank you and well done. In the sky over Moscow, gigantic white I ask all the veterans of World War II now rays of light from huge projectors slashed the to stand and be recognized. [Applause] darkness of night, and a 1,000-gun salute During the war’s final weeks, America’s shook the city. There, too, millions teemed fighting forces thundered across Europe, lib- into the street. But their joy was dulled by erating small villages and great cities from the pain of their nation’s unique sacrifice, for a long nightmare. Many witnessed an out- one out of every eight Soviet citizens was pouring of love and gratitude they would re- killed in World War II, 27 million people. member for the rest of their lives. At almost every table in every home there Deep in the Bavarian countryside, Cor- was an empty place. poral Bill Ellington piloted his armored vehi- In London, where a brave and defiant peo- cle into a battle against retreating enemy ple had stood alone through the war’s darkest troops. As a firefight raged, a rail-thin teen- hours, great bonfires ringed the city. And on age boy ran, shouting toward the tank. He the balcony of Buckingham Palace, Prime was a young Polish Jew, Samuel Pisar, who Minister Churchill stilled the delirious crowd had survived 4 years at Auschwitz and other with his own silence. Then he took one, deep, concentration camps, but along the way had all-embracing bow, and the crowd exploded lost his entire family. Samuel Pisar had seen into a roar of triumph. ‘‘This is your victory,’’ the tank and its glorious 5-point white star Churchill declared. And the people of the from his hideaway in a barn. United Kingdom answered back as one: ‘‘No, As Ellington looked down at him, the boy it is yours.’’ Of course, both were right. dropped to his knees and repeated over and Here at home, the Washington Monu- over the few words of English his mother ment, the Capitol Dome, the Statute of Lib- had taught him: ‘‘God bless America. God erty were bathed in floodlights for the very bless America.’’ And Ellington, the son of a first time since Pearl Harbor. New York was slave, lifted the boy through the hatch and New Year’s Day and the Fourth of July rolled into the warm embrace of freedom. into one. Millions cheered, shouted, sang,

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danced in the streets. And in an image that So let me say again to the generation that traveled all around the world, a sailor took won the Second World War, on this 50th an- a nurse in his arms and kissed her, with all niversary, on behalf of the American people, the pent-up youthful enthusiasm of a people we say, thank you. Thank you, and God bless forgetting for an instant the new burdens of you. Because of all you did we live in a mo- adulthood. ment of hope, in a Nation at peace. For the Less than a month in office, President Tru- first time since the dawn of the nuclear age, man addressed the Nation, and said, ‘‘This no Russian missiles are pointed at our chil- is a solemn, but glorious hour. I only wish dren. Our economy is sound. And because FDR had lived to witness this day.’’ Millions free markets and democracy now are on the of Americans shared that conviction, for in march throughout the world, more people their darkest hour, President Roosevelt re- than ever before have the opportunity to fused to let us give up in despair. He rallied reach their God-given potential. All because the Americans to defeat depression and tri- of what you did 50 years ago. umph in war. And so it was his victory, too. But there is one thing that even you could not do, that no generation can ever do. You It was America’s victory, but the job for could not banish the forces of darkness from us was not yet complete. In the Pacific, war the future. We confront them now in dif- raged on. During the 3 months between ferent forms all around the world and, pain- V-E and V-J Day, many thousands more of fully, here at home. But you taught us the our fighting men and women would lose their most important lesson: that we can prevail lives. After Japan surrendered, who could over the forces of darkness, that we must pre- have blamed the American people for want- vail. That is what we owe to you, and the ing to turn from the front lines abroad to incomparable legacy you have given us and the home front? But after winning the most what we all owe to the generations of remark- difficult and crucial victory in our Nation’s able Americans yet to come. history, our leaders were determined not to Thank you for teaching us that lesson. God repeat the mistakes of the past. bless you, and God bless America. Instead, they took to new challenges with a newfound confidence. And this remarkable NOTE: The President spoke at 11:35 a.m. at Fort generation of Americans, then through Myer. NATO, the United Nations, and the Marshall Plan, created the institutions and provided Remarks on Antiterrorism the resources and the vision that brought half Legislation a century of security and prosperity to the West and brought our former enemies back May 8, 1995 to life and to true partnership with us. And Before I leave on this trip, I want to say their special resolve and military strength a word about the antiterrorism legislation held totalitarianism in check until the power that I have sent to the Congress. of democracy, the failure of communism, and I sent that bill to Congress because it will the heroic determination of people to be free strengthen our ability to investigate and pros- prevailed in the cold war. ecute and to deter—to deter the kinds of Today we must draw inspiration from the problems we saw and the kind of horror we extraordinary generation we come here to endured at Oklahoma City and of course at honor, a generation that won the war and the World Trade Center. then made sure we would not lose the peace, I applaud the fact that the leadership in a generation that understood our destiny is Congress has said that they will have that bill inexorably linked to that of other nations, a on my desk by Memorial Day. That is only generation that believed that with our great 3 weeks away. And so, before I leave, I want wealth, great power, and great blessings of to urge Congress again to pass this legislation democratic freedom come great responsibil- and to do it without delay. ities to stand for and work for the common Nothing can justify turning this bill into good. a political football. We have kept politics

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completely out of our fight against terrorism. from their responsibilities, not tough on chil- We kept it out of our mourning. We kept dren. it out of our law enforcement efforts. We’re going to keep it out of the rebuilding efforts in Oklahoma. And we must keep it out of Message to the Senate Transmitting this legislative effort. the Hungary-United States The Government needs the ability to deal Extradition Treaty with the technological challenges presented May 8, 1995 by terrorism in the modern age. This legisla- tion does it, and there is simply no reason To the Senate of the United States: to delay it. Nothing can justify it. And it With a view to receiving the advice and needs to pass and pass now. consent of the Senate to ratification, I trans- Thank you. mit herewith the Treaty Between the Gov- ernment of the United States of America and NOTE: The President spoke at 1:05 p.m. at An- the Government of the Republic of Hungary drews Air Force Base prior to his departure for on Extradition, signed at Budapest on De- Moscow, Russia. cember 1, 1994. Also transmitted for the in- formation of the Senate is the report of the Department of State with respect to this Statement on Welfare Reform Treaty. Initiatives in Delaware The Treaty is designed to update and May 8, 1995 standardize the conditions and procedures for extradition between the United States Today, my administration has approved a and Hungary. Most significantly, it sub- bold plan for welfare reform in Delaware that stitutes a dual-criminality clause for the cur- promotes work, requires parental respon- rent list of extraditable offenses, thereby ex- sibility, and protects children. Delaware is panding the number of crimes for which ex- the 28th State welfare reform experiment to tradition can be granted. The Treaty also pro- be freed from Federal rules and regulations vides a legal basis for temporarily surrender- under this administration. Under Governor ing prisoners to stand trial for crimes against Tom Carper’s leadership, Delaware will im- the laws of the Requesting State. pose a time limit on benefits, provide job The Treaty further represents an impor- training opportunities, increase child support tant step in combatting terrorism by exclud- enforcement, and require teenage mothers ing from the scope of the political offense to live at home and stay in school. exception serious offenses typically commit- In particular, I am pleased that Delaware ted by terrorists, e.g., crimes against a Head joins 14 other States in requiring welfare re- of State or first family member of either cipients to sign personal responsibility agree- Party, aircraft hijacking, aircraft sabotage, ments which is a contract for work, in order crimes against internationally protected per- to receive assistance. These contracts were sons, including diplomats, hostage-taking, an important part of the welfare reform legis- narcotics-trafficking, and other offenses for lation I sent Congress last year and are essen- which the United States and Hungary have tial to real reform that moves people from an obligation to extradite or submit to pros- welfare to work. Personal responsibility is at ecution by reason of a multilateral treaty, the heart of welfare reform, and personal re- convention, or other international agree- sponsibility contracts must be part of any na- ment. The United States and Hungary also tional welfare reform plan. agree to exclude from the political offense I will continue to work with Congress to exception major common crimes, such as enact welfare reform legislation that includes murder, kidnapping, and placing or using ex- real work requirements and the incentives plosive devices. and resources for States to move people from The provisions in this Treaty follow gen- welfare to work. Welfare reform must be erally the form and content or extradition tough on work and on parents who walk away treaties recently concluded by the United

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States. Upon entry into force, it will super- sian, and the Russians did not speak English, sede the Convention for the Mutual Delivery but they shared a language of joy. of Criminals, Fugitives from Justice, in Cer- The Americans at the Elba remember how tain Cases Between the Government of the their new Russian friends danced that night, United States of America and the Austro- but how their jubilation turned solemn, be- Hungarian Empire, signed at Washington, cause each of them had lost someone, a fam- July 3, 1856, with certain exceptions. ily member, a loved one, a friend. One out This Treaty will make a significant con- of every eight Soviet citizens was killed, sol- tribution to international cooperation in law diers in battle; prisoners, by disease or starva- enforcement. I recommend that the Senate tion; innocent children who could find no give early and favorable consideration to the refuge. In all of the 27 million people who Treaty and give its advice and consent to rati- lost their lives to the war, there were Rus- fication. sians and Belarusians, Uzbekhs and Jews, Ukrainians, Armenians, Georgians, and William J. Clinton more. These numbers numb the mind and The White House, defy comprehension. May 8, 1995. I say to you, President Yeltsin, and to all the people of Russia and the other republics of the former Soviet Union, the cold war ob- Remarks at the Dedication of the scured our ability to fully appreciate what Central Museum for the Great your people had suffered and how your ex- Patriotic War in Moscow, Russia traordinary courage helped to hasten the vic- May 9, 1995 tory we all celebrate today. Now we must all say, you wrote some of the greatest chap- President Yeltsin, Mr. Prime Minister, ters in the history of heroism, at Leningrad, Prime Minister Major—[inaudible]— in the battle for Moscow, in the defense of Shevardnadze, Mr. Mayor—[inaudible]—the Stalingrad, and in the assault on Berlin, veterans of the Great Patriotic War. We where your country lost 300,000 casualties come together today as friends to celebrate in only 14 days. our shared victory over fascism, to remember I have come here today on behalf of all the sacrifice of those of you who made it pos- the people of the United States to express sible, and to fulfill the promise of an endur- our deep gratitude for all that you gave and ing peace that shown so brightly, but all too all that you lost to defeat the forces of fas- briefly, 50 years ago today. cism. In victory’s afterglow, the dream of Brave men and women from our nations peace soon gave way to the reality of the cold fought a common enemy with uncommon war, but now Russia has opened itself to new valor. Theirs was a partnership forged in bat- freedoms. We have an opportunity and an tle, strengthened by sacrifice, cemented by obligation to rededicate ourselves today to blood. Their extraordinary effort speaks to the promise of that moment 50 years ago us, still, of all that is possible when our peo- when Europe’s guns fell silent. ple are joined in a just cause. Just as Russians and Americans fought to- With me today is an American veteran of gether 50 years ago against the common evil, the Great War, Lieutenant William Robert- so today we must fight for the common good. son. As the war entered its final days, Lieu- We must work for an end to the awful sav- tenant Robertson’s patrol sighted troops led agery of war and the senseless violence of by Lieutenant Aleksander Sylvashko across terrorism. We must work for the creation of the Elba River. Crawling toward each other a united, prosperous Europe. We must work on the girders of a wrecked bridge, these two for the freedom of all of our people to live officers met at the midpoint and embraced up to their God-given potential. These are in triumph. They exchanged photographs of our most sacred tasks and our most solemn wives, children, loved ones, whose freedom obligations. they had defended, whose future they would This is what we owe to the brave veterans secure. The Americans did not speak Rus- who brought tears to our eyes when they

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marched together with such pride and cour- very good meeting, and we’ll have more to age in Red Square today. And this is what say about the conversations we’ve had and we owe to the generations of our children will continue to have when we do our press still to be born. Let us do our duty as the statement. veterans of World War II did theirs. Q. [Inaudible]—solve—[inaudible]— Thank you. problems—[inaudible]—any of the prob- lems? Iran? NOTE: The President spoke at 1:55 p.m. at the The President. No one will ever solve all Poklonnaya Gora Monument. In his remarks, he the problems, but—[inaudible]. referred to President Boris Yeltsin of Russia; Chairman Eduard Shevardnadze of Georgia; NOTE. The exchange began at approximately Prime Minister John Major of the United King- 11:30 a.m. at the Kremlin. A tape was not available dom; and Mayor Uri Luzhkov of Moscow. A tape for verification of the content of this exchange. was not available for verification of the content of these remarks. The President’s News Conference With President Yeltsin of Russia in Statement on Senate Confirmation of Moscow John Deutch as Director of Central May 10, 1995 Intelligence May 9, 1995 President Yeltsin. Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen, journalists: This is the sev- I am very pleased with the Senate’s over- enth meeting of the Presidents of the U.S. whelming 98–0 vote to confirm John Deutch and Russia. This visit by Bill Clinton to Rus- as Director of Central Intelligence. The Sen- sia is of particular importance. The participa- ate’s action is further affirmation of the out- tion of such a high guest in the 9th of May standing leadership and management skills celebration is seen by us as a tribute to the John Deutch will bring to the intelligence people killed in our common struggle against community and the CIA. I have the greatest fascism. confidence that he will bring a renewed Before each Russian-U.S. summit, there is sense of purpose, direction, and spirit to the no shortage of all kinds of speculations about CIA and the intelligence community. Russian and U.S. contradictions. Sometimes they even refer to crises in our relations. The results of the Moscow talks have yet again Exchange With Reporters Following denied these speculations. Discussions With President Boris Of course, even after the summit, dif- Yeltsin of Russia in Moscow ferences to a number of issues have not dis- May 10, 1995 appeared. The important thing is that we seek to address these problems while main- Q. Mr. President, have you reached any taining a balance of interest and without prej- agreements? udice to each other’s interests but, on the President Clinton. We’re not finished contrary, in assisting each other. with our conversations, and we’ll have a state- The agenda of this meeting was very busy ment later. We’re having a good meeting, and comprehensive. We addressed the key and I would just say again what I have said issues of international life, issues which are repeatedly—President Yeltsin and I have of top priority for both countries. I’m refer- worked hard for more than 2 years to im- ring, above all, to the evolution of the Euro- prove the safety and security of the people pean security structures, the START treaty of Russia and the people of the United and the ABM Treaty, strengthening the non- States. We are dismantling nuclear weapons proliferation regime, economic cooperation, at a more rapid rate than our treaties require. and terrorism. And we are working hard to improve the se- It is of fundamental importance that the curities of our people. And that’s what we’ve discussion which we had about the model for been doing here this morning. We’ve had a European security proceed at taking into ac-

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count the new role of the Organization for cal eight in Halifax, and not of the political Security and Cooperation in Europe. Today, but also of the economic eight. We also dis- this organization is beginning to play a cussed a number of other international is- central role in maintaining stability on the sues. European Continent. Now I am ready to answer your questions. We exchanged views on NATO issues. I give the floor to the President of the United Today we better understand the interests and States of America, Mr. William Clinton. concerns of each other, and yet we still don’t President Clinton. First of all, I’d like to have answers to a number of questions. Our thank President Yeltsin and the Russian peo- positions even remain unchanged. ple for making me and the rest of our Amer- I hope that our joint statement on matters ican delegation and the others who came related to strengthening European security here for the celebration of the 50th anniver- will provide a starting point for further efforts sary of the end of World War II feel so wel- because it provides for cooperation in the es- come. I was honored to play a part in that, tablishment of a single indivisible Europe and I think it was a very important day for looking into the future. our country and for our relationship. A serious document has been agreed on Today we focused on the future. And if the problem of the ABM. We adopted a joint you ask me to summarize in a word or two statement on the nonproliferation of nuclear what happened today, I would say that we weapons. I believe that that agreement will advanced the security interests of the people mark a major contribution to the adoption of the United States and the people of Rus- at the New York conference of a decision sia. We increased the safety of the future of on an indefinite and unconditional extension our peoples, and we proved once again that of the NPT treaty. The conference will prob- this regular, disciplined, working relationship ably end tomorrow. that we have established, rooted in Russia’s At the negotiations, the question was commitment to democracy and in a mature raised about future Russian supplies of and balanced dialog and a commitment to equipment to Iran. That is, of course, not continue to work on the differences between a simple question, and of course, you are us in the areas of common opportunity, we going to ask that question, and both Presi- proved that this is a good relationship and dents will answer that question. that it is worth the investment and that we We discussed in detail the implementation are approaching it in the proper way. of the economic charter we signed last year. I characterize this as a success from a secu- As a result, we adopted a statement on the rity point of view for several reasons. First question of economic reform, trade, and in- of all, with regard to European security, vestment. The U.S. President expressed his while there was not an agreement between support for our reforms. We agreed to speed us on the details on the question of the ex- up the process of Russia’s entry to the system pansion of NATO, Russia did agree to enter of international economic institutions, above into the Partnership For Peace. And I com- all, the COCOM. mitted myself in return at the meeting at the Of course, we discussed the Chechen end of this month to encourage the begin- issue. This is an internal matter for Russia, ning of the NATO-Russia dialog, which I but I also believe it does have an inter- think is very important. There must be a spe- national aspect. Russia has accepted the pres- cial relationship between NATO and Russia. ence at Grozny of the OSCE assistance We agreed to continue to discuss this at group. Terrorism knows no borders. Unfor- Halifax, and again at the end of the year tunately, U.S. citizens recently were con- when we see each other. And I made it clear fronted with that barbarious phenomenon. I that I thought that anything done with NATO believe that everybody would agree that we had to meet two criteria: Number one, it should fight this evil jointly, and we have must advance the interests of all the partners agreed upon that. for peace, the security interests of all of During the talks, we had a fruitful ex- them, including Russia, and number two, it change of views on the meeting of the politi- must advance the long-term goal of the Unit-

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ed States, which I have articulated from the We talked about our economic coopera- beginning of my Presidency, of an integrated tion. We talked about the progress Russia is Europe, which I believe is very important. making. I expressed again the strong concern And I think Russia shares both of those ob- of the United States that the violence in jectives. Chechnya should be brought to an end. I Secondly, with regard to the nuclear sales urged the permanent extension of the to Iran, as you know, the United States op- ceasefire. I was encouraged that President poses the sale of the reactor and the cen- Yeltsin, I believe, understands the gravity of trifuge. I want to say that I was deeply im- this matter and also wants it concluded as pressed that President Yeltsin told me that quickly as possible. he had decided, in the interest of non- So we are, I think, in a better position in proliferation, not to supply the centrifuge our two countries today, and our people will and related equipment to Iran. I shared with be safer as a result of this meeting. It was him some of the intelligence from the United an advance for security. There was significant States on the question of whether Iran is try- progress made. And we still have work to do. ing to become a nuclear power. And we Press Secretary Sergey Medvedev. Dear agreed in light of the questions of facts that colleagues, you have an opportunity to ask need to be determined here and Russia’s questions. I wish to remind you that we will strong support for nonproliferation, to refer give you the floor in sequence with my col- the question of the reactor itself to the Gore- league, the Press Secretary of the U.S. Presi- Chernomyrdin commission for further work dent, Mr. McCurry. on resolution. The first question, please. I was very pleased today that we were able to make progress on the outstanding issues Expansion of NATO relating to weapon sales which will permit Russia to be a founding member of the post- Q. Russian Public Television. Boris COCOM regime, something, again, which Nikolayevich, before the negotiations began, will make the world a safer place. both sides were quite categoric on questions Fourthly, we agreed that both of us would at issue. Are any concessions possible today work as hard as we could to get START II on the NATO problem? Are there any link- ratified this year, and then to go beyond that ages possible? I know that President Clinton to talk about what we could do further to insists on flank restrictions in the south of support the denuclearization of the world Russia. Well, if both sides do not concede, and of our two arsenals. what will President Clinton bring back to the Fifthly, we agreed that we should step up United States? our efforts in combatting terrorism and orga- President Yeltsin. Well, I must tell you nized crime, a problem that affects not only that we didn’t have such a trading system our two nations but also many others in the in our talks. On the contrary, on the question world as we have sadly seen. And we dis- of flank restrictions, Bill was the first to bring cussed some fairly specific things that we this matter up. And he said that he will surely might do together to intensify our efforts. support us on this difficult issue because it As President Yeltsin said, we reaffirmed is true we are sort of in a trap with that issue. today in specific actions our support for the Now about NATO, we should look at this Non-Proliferation Treaty, and we look for- question in broader terms. What about gen- ward to its permanent extension. And we eral European security and NATO? I cannot hope that the indefinite—excuse me, the in- say that after protracted discussions today on definite extension will be adopted soon. this subject, and by the way we even had And finally, we were able to reach agree- to change the schedule, we, in fact, had a ment on the ABM theater missile defenses never-ending meeting, and we were not able issue, which is a very important one, and to dot the i’s and cross all the t’s. And we many of the Americans here know, important decided, first, if it is so difficult, let us not for our attempts to go forward on START hurry, and then let us continue our consulta- II and other things back home. tions when we meet in Canada in Halifax.

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We also believe that it may be we won’t are in order. We are supporting the Russian be able to agree in Halifax either. And we position there. What we want to do is to fig- may need another meeting in November ure out a way for us to preserve the integrity when the United Nations marks its 50th anni- of the treaty and compliance with it, but, in versary. We will meet in New York once the end respond to the legitimate security again, and maybe at that time we may come interests of Russia. And I believe we can get to some final agreement. there. President Clinton. I think this meeting was a win-win meeting. That is, I do not— Russian Nuclear Cooperation With Iran I believe that both our countries advanced Q. Mr. President, you made clear in ad- our interests and the interests of our people. vance on the Iran nuclear deal that you With regard to European security, the im- wouldn’t be satisfied with anything short of portant thing for me was—not that Russia an outright cancellation of that sale. Today and the United States would agree today on you said that it’s going to be referred to a the details of NATO expansion—indeed, it’s lower level, that you weren’t able to solve important for all of you to understand, this question. I want to know, are there any NATO has not agreed on that. NATO has repercussions? Are you disappointed that you not agreed on that. weren’t able to get this sale closed? And will This whole year, 1995, was to be devoted you resist Republican threats to cut off for- for the rationale for expanding NATO and eign aid to Russia? then determining how it might be done, with President Clinton. Well, first of all, this no consideration whatever of who would be sale was in the pipeline, announced, and is in the included membership and when that legal under international law. I believe it is would be done. That was the plan. So not unwise. I think it should not go forward. We only has there—have we not agreed on that, actually got more done today than I thought as far as I know, there may be significant we would do, and we are ahead of where differences among the NATO partners them- I thought we would be. selves. As I said, President Yeltsin made it clear The important thing for me was that the to me that even though it would be some President and I would agree that European financial sacrifice to Russia, he did not be- unity, integration, is still our goal. We don’t lieve they should proceed with the centrifuge want a differently divided Europe. And that and the related portions of the sale that could our NATO expansion plans should enhance have a much more direct and immediate im- the interests, the security interests of all of pact on weapons production. I gave him our partners, including Russia. Now for my some of our intelligence and made the best part, I haven’t changed my position from the arguments I could about why I thought the beginning on how this should be done. whole sale should not go forward. And we The second thing I want to say is, the most agreed that since some of this involves an important thing to me is that Russia has now evaluation of technical matters, it would be agreed to proceed with participation in the appropriate to refer to the Gore- Partnership For Peace, which is becoming Chernomyrdin commission where we have very, very important in its own right, and a gotten a lot of useful work done between our significant force in increasing a sense of trust two countries. So we are actually further and understanding and working together in down the road on that issue than I thought security within Europe. we would be. With regard to the flank issue you men- Now, with response to the particular argu- tioned, we have not worked out all the details ments about the cutoff of aid, I think what of that. We’ve agreed to continue working we should do is to look at the progress we on it. The problem is, of course, that the trea- have made today, look at the progress we ty becomes effective at a certain date. Its have made in the last 2 years, ask ourselves terms were negotiated in a previous time. whether the United States is safer and more Then there is a lag time for modifications secure as a result of these efforts. I think of the treaty. We believe some modifications the answer is yes. We should keep working.

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We should treat this like a business relation- Interior simply seizes the weapons, which are ship that is furthering the security of both still in possession of some small, armed crimi- countries, and we should do whatever is in nal gangs. But most importantly, we are our interest. And I believe that the programs doing some creative work there. We are re- that we presently have underway are clearly habilitating buildings, utilities, trade, we en- in our interest. sure the necessary financing. President Yeltsin. I would like to add to The Chechen government has been set up, what President Bill Clinton just said. The and it is headed by a Chechen, and it oper- point is that the contract was concluded le- ates in accordance with the Russian Constitu- gitimately and in accordance with inter- tion. The dates for parliamentary elections national law, and no international treaties are now being discussed. Therefore, creative were violated in the process. But it is true work is being done, and I believe that soon that the contract do contain components of we will have a normal situation there, and peaceful and military nuclear energy. Now a situation of a democratic republic, with all we have agreed to separate those two. the ensuing rights for the citizens living in Inasmuch as they relate to the military Chechnya. component and the possibility, the potential for creating weapons-grade fuel and other Terrorism matters, the centrifuge, the construction of Q. [Inaudible]—radio station. I have the silos, and so one—we have decided to ex- following question: The people are very im- clude those aspects from the contract, so the pressed with incidents of brutal terrorism. military component falls away, and what re- Boris Nikolayevich, you said that you dis- mains is just a peaceful nuclear power station cussed this and you agreed on some common on light water reactors, which is designed to actions. Could you elaborate on that? And provide heat and energy. I would be grateful if both Presidents could Any more questions? at least briefly address this question. Please, colleagues, it’s our task. President Yeltsin. Well, first we con- Q. Boris Nikolayevich, could you clarify, vinced each other that without joint efforts, if possible, the mechanism for decisionmak- we will not be able to cope with this evil ing regarding the Iranian contract? Accord- in the world. What we really need is joint ing to President Clinton, the materials will efforts—joint efforts, not talk, not con- be referred to the Gore-Chernomyrdin com- ferences, not meetings but actions. And as mission, who will then decide? Will they re- regards actions, of course we did not discuss port to the heads of state, or will some other the matter specifically, but we have in- mechanism be worked out? structed our governments to work out those President Yeltsin. After this question has actions and to proceed without delay to tak- been comprehensively considered by the ing those actions. Gore-Chernomyrdin commission, we, the President Clinton. He asked for an an- two Presidents, will receive all the material swer, I’d like—we talked; we did not agree and we will make the final decision. on a number of specific actions, but we dis- cussed some. And I think it might be helpful. Chechnya First of all, President Yeltsin and I and Q. [Inaudible]—seem ironical to you that the leaders of many other countries in the you have just celebrated the end of World world are quite concerned that the great se- War II and the killing goes on in Chechnya? curity threat of the 21st century might not And it really has appalled the world, the kill- be all those we had been discussing, either ing of civilians. So what are you going to do explicitly or by implication here in the last about it, and how can you stop it? few moments. They instead might be coming President Yeltsin. Well, first, there are from often nongovernmental sources in now hostilities underway in Chechnya right terms of terrorism and organized crime and now. Therefore, that is—there is no irony to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruc- there. Furthermore, the armed forces are not tion, getting into the hands of terrorists and involved there. Today, the Ministry of the organized criminals. So we discussed how we

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could cooperate more with law enforcement very troubling to the world, particularly in and intelligence. I think you know that the the dimensions of civilian casualties. Federal Bureau of Investigation is opening And I’m sure all the American journalists an office here in Moscow, and we have been here know that we have a missing relief work- working with Russia for sometime now. er there ourselves. And I asked the President We discussed how we could make sure we to help me find whatever could be found each were as technologically advanced as about Mr. Cuny, and he said that he would possible, because many of the adversaries we direct the Russian authorities there to try to face are very advanced. And we discussed help us. But this is a troubling thing for the how we might work together to try to limit world, and it’s been a difficult thing for them the destructive capacity of terrorists and or- as well. ganized criminals and limit their ability to President Yeltsin. Looking at my watch, proliferate the weapons, particularly in the shall we agree, Mr. McCurry, just one ques- biological and chemical area. It’s a great con- tion on each side? cern to me, and both Russia and the United States probably have some resources there Group of Seven Nations that we can bring to bear. Q. Boris Nikolayevich, we will have a And I think in light of what happened in meeting at Halifax with the eight. Do you Japan, all advanced countries should be very, intend to improve on the results of the simi- very concerned about the prospect of the lar meeting in Naples? Did you discuss any- merger of terrorism with weapons of mass thing like that this time with Bill Clinton? destruction, biological, chemical, and small- Did you agree that Bill Clinton will help you scale nuclear weapons. somewhere in some of Russia’s aspirations? And the question for the U.S. President— Chechnya this is also a question from Ukraine—what Q. President Clinton, you’ve just heard are you bringing to Ukraine? President Yeltsin describe the situation in President Yeltsin. [Inaudible]—I met Chechnya in a way that may be at odds with during these celebration days, of course, with news dispatches coming from the part of the everybody we discussed Halifax. I and Russia country describing a massacre. And I won- are, of course, concerned about our role in dered if—what your reaction is to his de- the G–7 or in the G–8. That is why this morn- scription, whether you accept it, if not why ing, at 9 a.m., I had a meeting with the Prime not, and what impact these reports of terrible Minister of Canada, Mr. Chre´tien, who will things there may be having on the countries act as cochairman. We discussed the U.N. eager to join NATO, and what you would views—we discussed his views on the prob- have to say to him about that? lem. I discussed this with Bill Clinton, with President Clinton. Well, I will say to you Helmut Kohl, with Franc¸ois Mitterrand. what I said to him personally already, and Well, generally speaking, everybody is op- I think what he knows and Chancellor Kohl timistic on this subject, and they wish to sup- and other friends of Russia have said: The port Russia. To give you an example, Mr. civilian casualties and the prolongation of the Chre´tien this morning said that Russia in fighting have troubled the rest of the world Halifax will have three times more opportu- greatly and have had an impact in Europe nities than last year in Naples. Well, that’s on the attitudes of many countries about not bad. The minimum we count on is as what is going on here and about future rela- follows: The political aid, we believe, has now tionships. I don’t think anyone is unaware of asserted itself; it is a fact of life; we are part that. of the political eight. What I have urged President Yeltsin to do Now about economic matters. At Halifax, is to try to make a permanent ceasefire, to first they will address the economic matters try to move rapidly with the cooperation of of the G–7 and then they will address inter- the OSCE to get a democratic government national matters pertinent to the whole there and to bring this to a speedy resolution, world. As regards their internal business, because I do believe it is something that is well, we have no claims to that. They discuss

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specific issues and important issues related today of Iran’s nuclear ambitions, was that to trade and other economic matters. But as the convincing element to you? Or are you regards global strategic matters of impor- still basically at a disagreement with the Unit- tance to the entire world, Russia should par- ed States over Iran’s nuclear ambitions? ticipate in such discussions fully. So I think President Yeltsin. We’re not afraid of we can call this seven and a half. threats. We never react to threats. But as for President Clinton. [Inaudible]—specific your question, we have already told you with questions. The United States, since I have the President, that technically we need to been President, has supported two major aid sort the question out. We need to sort out packages to Russia to support the conversion what relates to peaceful and to military pur- to a market economy and to try to assist in poses. And this has been entrusted to the developing all of the institutions necessary Gore-Chernomyrdin commission. Once we to make that successful, as well as to support get to signatures—once we get a document our denuclearization efforts under the so- signed by two, we the Presidents will make called Nunn-Lugar funds. the final decision. We were also very strongly supportive of President Clinton. This may be a fitting the recent $6.8 billion standby loan that the question to close this press conference. International Monetary Fund granted to I think it is important that the people of Russia as a result of the economic reforms the United States and the people of Russia initiated under President Yeltsin. So I think understand that from time to time, as with that your country has a great deal to be proud any sort of relationship, there will be dif- of in the economic progress that has been ferences of opinion. Occasionally, there will made. even be occasions where our interests are dif- I know you still are dealing with a lot of ferent. What we have been working on for economic difficulties; all market economies over 2 years now are areas where our inter- do. And the markets don’t solve all problems. ests are not different, working through areas So you have to work on trying to deal with where our opinions might be. those. But I believe that our partnership has Now in the case of this Iranian matter, just been a good investment for the United States to take one example. If the United States is because we have a stronger, more demo- right and Iran is attempting to develop the cratic, more open, more free Russia, and we capacity to build nuclear weapons, that would will continue to support that direction. be more of an immediate security threat to With Ukraine, I must say, they’ve made Russia than to the United States, because you a remarkable amount of progress in the last are closer to the country. year or so, and I think President Yeltsin feels So we don’t really have different interests the same way. I am encouraged by the bal- here. Both our countries are committed to ance and discipline coming out of the govern- the fight against terrorism. Both our coun- ment in Ukraine, and I will continue to sup- tries are committed to the Nuclear Non-Pro- port the process of reform there. liferation Treaty and its indefinite extension. Both our countries are dismantling our own Russian Nuclear Cooperation With Iran nuclear arsenals at a more rapid rate than Q. President Yeltsin, several U.S. officials, our treaties require. including the Secretary of State, have sug- Now, in playing this relationship out, there gested that if you go along with the sale of will come times when there will be dif- the nuclear reactors to Iran, this would en- ferences. If we ultimately differ on some- danger Russia’s becoming a full member of thing, I think that we all know there may the G–7 and other international institutions. be consequences to having different posi- And several Republican leaders in the U.S. tions and different actions. But I think we Congress have warned that if you go ahead should be quite careful in using the language with this sale, it would endanger continued of threats in a relationship that in the last U.S. assistance to Russia. Are these kinds of 2 years has made the world a much safer threats persuasive, or was the intelligence in- place. We have seen Russia’s democracy formation that President Clinton showed you strengthened. We have seen Russia’s transi-

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tion toward a private economy go more rap- to violation or circumvention of the ABM idly than all experts predicted. We have seen Treaty. discipline asserted in this economy to a great- Theater missile defense systems may be er degree than most experts predicted. And deployed by each side which (1) will not pose we have seen more progress on thorny dif- a realistic threat to the strategic nuclear force ficulties, complex matters, than most experts of the other side and (2) will not be tested predicted. to give such systems that capability. As a result, the people of the United Theater missile defense systems will not States, the people of Russia, and the people be deployed by the sides for use against each of the world are safer today than they were other. 2 years ago and than they were before this The scale of deployment—in number and last meeting between us occurred. That is geographic scope—of theater missile defense the fundamental story. We will have dif- systems by either side will be consistent with ferences. They will have consequences. But theater ballistic missile programs confronting we should stay away from big words like that side. threats when we’re managing matters which In the spirit of partnership, the Presidents can be managed in a relationship that is quite undertook to promote reciprocal openness in good for the world and that has made us all activities of the sides in theater missile de- safer. fense systems and in the exchange of cor- Thank you. responding information.

NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- NOTE: The President’s 95th news conference tion of the content of this joint statement. began at 2:40 p.m. in the Press Conference Hall in the Kremlin. In his remarks, President Clinton referred to Frederick Cuny, an American relief Joint Statement on European worker in Chechnya who disappeared in April. Security President Yeltsin spoke in Russian, and his re- May 10, 1995 marks were translated by an interpreter. A portion of the news conference could not be verified be- Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin conducted cause the tape was incomplete. a thorough review of progress toward their shared goal of a stable, secure, integrated and undivided democratic Europe. They agreed Russia-United States Joint Statement that the end of military confrontation, ideo- on Missile Systems logical conflict, and division of the Euro-At- May 10, 1995 lantic region into opposing blocs has created an historic opportunity for all of its peoples. The President of the United States of They emphasized their determination to co- America and the President of the Russian operate closely to ensure that in the future, Federation, taking into account the threat all peoples of the Euro-Atlantic region shall posed by worldwide proliferation of missiles enjoy the benefits of a stable, just and peace- and missile technology and the necessity of ful order. counteracting this threat, agreed on the fol- The Presidents note that the task of lowing basic principles to serve as a basis for strengthening Euro-Atlantic security now re- further discussions in order to reach agree- quires dealing with challenges very different ment in the field of demarcation between from those of the Cold War era. Aggressive ABM systems and theater missile defense nationalism, proliferation of weapons of mass systems. destruction, unresolved territorial disputes, The United States and Russia are each and violations in the area of human rights committed to the ABM Treaty, a cornerstone present serious threats to stability, peace and of strategic stability. prosperity. The Presidents agree that the ef- Both sides must have the option to estab- fort to deal with these challenges must be lish and to deploy effective theater missile based on respect for the principles and com- defense systems. Such activity must not lead mitments of the OSCE, particularly concern-

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ing democracy, political pluralism, respect The Presidents recalled the decision of the for human rights and civil liberties, free mar- December 1994 OSCE Summit in Budapest ket economies and strict respect for sov- to develop a model for ensuring comprehen- ereignty, territorial integrity, and self-deter- sive security for Europe in the 21st Century. mination. The United States and Russia believe that The Presidents reviewed prospects for such a model should aim to build an undi- Euro-Atlantic structures in response to the vided Europe, a common space of security opportunities and challenges posed by the and stability, and a system that ensures the new era. They agreed that the central ele- widest cooperation and coordination among ment of a lasting peace must be the integra- all countries of the Euro-Atlantic region. In tion of all of Europe into a series of mutually this system, all states will have, as stated in supporting institutions and relationships Budapest, the inherent right of all states free- which ensure that there will be no return ly to choose or change their security arrange- to division or confrontation. The evolution ments, including treaties of alliance, as they of European structures should be directed evolve. toward the overall goal of integration. Presi- NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- dent Clinton stressed that the process should tion of the content of this joint statement. be transparent, inclusive and based on an in- tegral relationship between the security of Europe and that of North America. Joint Statement on Nonproliferation The Presidents note the historic task of May 10, 1995 working closely together toward fuller par- The President of the United States of ticipation of democratic Russia and the Unit- America, William J. Clinton, and the Presi- ed States of America in the range of world- dent of the Russian Federation, B.N. Yeltsin, wide political, economic, and security institu- at their meeting in Moscow May 9–10, 1995, tions of the 21st Century. It was in this spirit expressed the strong view that the Non- that the two Presidents reviewed steps in the proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review and Ex- evolution of the Euro-Atlantic security sys- tension Conference underway in New York tem through the further development of rel- should decide to make the Treaty perma- evant organizations and bilateral and regional nent. The two leaders pledged that the Unit- cooperation. This includes the decision of ed States and Russia will continue to work Russia to proceed with its individual Partner- to ensure the full implementation of the ship Program for the Partnership for Peace Treaty. In particular, they reaffirmed the and with the document on a broad, enhanced commitments by the United States of Amer- Russia-NATO dialogue and cooperation. ica and the Russian Federation, under Article President Clinton supported Russia’s ef- VI of the NPT, to pursue negotiations in forts to develop further its partnership and good faith on effective measures relating to cooperation with the EU. He stressed U.S. nuclear disarmament, which remains their support for Russia’s participation in the ultimate goal. WTO, GATT and other institutions impor- The two Presidents also reaffirmed that tant to European and global economic and the United States and the Russian Federa- security architecture, as appropriate. tion will continue to work together closely The Presidents agree that the OSCE’s to promote broad nonproliferation goals. commitments in the areas of human rights, They agreed that, in the newly-established economics, and security provide a foundation bilateral working group on nonproliferation, for their effort to build a stable and inte- the two sides would consult in a timely man- grated Europe. In this regard, special atten- ner on issues of mutual concern, including tion should be devoted to strengthening the how best to fulfill their responsibility to co- peacekeeping capabilities of the OSCE and operate with other NPT parties in the peace- to its potential in the sphere of preventive ful uses of nuclear energy, while at the same diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of dis- time fulfilling their responsibility to avoid putes. risks of proliferation. The leaders recognized

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the importance of a responsible approach to strengthen the effectiveness and improve the the transfer of nuclear-related material, efficiency of the safeguards system. equipment, and technology and to nuclear- The Presidents agreed that the formal par- related training. In this connection, they re- ticipation of the Russian Federation in the affirmed their commitments to the NPT and multilateral nonproliferation export control to the Nuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines, regimes would significantly strengthen those and in particular to the principles that nu- regimes as well as broaden the basis for co- clear transfers should take place only under operation between the two countries on non- full-scope International Atomic Energy proliferation. They agreed to direct officials Agency (IAEA) safeguards and only when a in their respective governments to address supplier is satisfied that such transfers to any expeditiously the issues affecting Russian non-nuclear weapon state would not contrib- membership in the various regimes, with a ute to the proliferation of nuclear weapons. view to ensuring active U.S. support for Rus- The leaders directed the working group on sian admission to each of the regimes at the nonproliferation to prepare assessments of earliest possible date. proliferation threats in various regions of the NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- world, to consider practical means of ad- tion of the content of this joint statement. dressing those threats, to assess evidence re- garding possible noncompliance with non- proliferation commitments, and to report to Joint Statement on Economic them periodically on its progress. Reform, Trade, and Investment The two Presidents strongly supported the May 10, 1995 concrete progress recently made in their two countries’ cooperation in ensuring the secu- The President of the United States of rity of nuclear weapons and nuclear materials America and the President of the Russian that can be used in such weapons. They reit- Federation welcomed the significant erated their call for broad and expanded co- progress made in Russian economic reforms operation on a bilateral and multilateral and bilateral trade and investment since their last meeting in Washington in September basis, consistent with their international obli- 1994. They underlined their support for full gations, to strengthen national and inter- and early realization of the bilateral eco- national regimes of control, accounting, and nomic partnership described in their Sep- physical protection of nuclear materials, and tember 1994 Washington Summit Joint to prevent illegal traffic in nuclear materials. Statement on ‘‘Partnership for Economic They directed all relevant agencies and orga- Progress.’’ nizations in their respective countries to fa- cilitate in a coordinated manner, effective co- Economic Reform operation to this end. The President of the Russian Federation They directed that the Gore- reaffirmed Russia’s determination to imple- Chernomyrdin Commission prepare a joint ment firmly its 1995 economic reform pro- report on steps that have been accomplished gram, including reduction of government and additional steps that should be taken to deficits and other anti-inflationary measures, ensure the security of nuclear materials. privatization, comprehensive tax reform, The leaders reaffirmed their strong sup- strengthening of the free market and integra- port for the IAEA and reiterated their view tion into the world economy. The President that its safeguards program plays a fun- of the United States of America welcomed damental role in the global nuclear non- these policies and pledged continued strong proliferation regime. They stressed the im- U.S. support for their complete implementa- portance of enhancing the IAEA’s ability to tion. detect diversions of nuclear material and to The President of the United States of provide increased assurance of the absence America and the President of the Russian of undeclared nuclear activities, in particular Federation commended the deepening inter- through the effort currently underway to action between Russia and the leading indus-

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trial countries and the formation of the ‘‘Po- of these agreements within the next few litical–8,’’ and expressed their hope for fruit- months, as well as the passage of the Law ful cooperation during the forthcoming Hali- on Production Sharing and the ratification of fax Summit in June 1995. the Bilateral Investment Treaty. The President of the United States of Trade America and the President of the Russian The President of the United States of Federation welcomed the commitments of America expressed strong U.S. support for the Overseas Private Investment Corporation Russian accession to the World Trade Orga- of over $2 billion in loan guarantees, insur- nization (WTO), and both Presidents agreed ance and investment funds, and of the U.S. to cooperate on accomplishing this objective. Trade and Development Agency of over $35 The President of the United States of million for feasibility studies on 87 separate America and the President of the Russian projects in the Russian Federation. They Federation welcomed the doubling of bilat- looked forward to the opening in Moscow eral trade between 1992 and 1994 to a level in June of a new Russian Business Informa- of $5.8 billion. They pledged that as trade tion Service for trade with America, with as- continues to expand both countries would sistance from the U.S. Government. work together to resolve trade frictions when Future Mandate arise in a mature trade relationship. They also agreed that bilateral trade and foreign and The President of the United States of domestic investment would benefit from America and the President of the Russian stricter enforcement of intellectual property Federation commended the achievements of rights and they agreed that both governments the Joint Commission for Technological and would engage in broader cooperation in this Economic Cooperation (the Gore- area. The President of the United States of Chernomyrdin Commission) and, stressing America reiterated his government’s recogni- their commitment to a strategic economic tion that Russia is an economy in transition partnership, requested recommendations to a free market. from the Joint Commission on further moves to strengthen and expand bilateral trade and Investment investment and market access, and coopera- The President of the Russian Federation tion in the areas of energy, space, science informed the President of the United States and technology, health and agriculture and of America that his government has issued conversion of defense production facilities. Noting the importance of regional devel- a decree permitting full implementation of opment, the two Presidents announced the the Oil and Gas Framework Agreement, inaugural meeting in Seattle this June of the under which the U.S. Export-Import Bank working group between the private and pub- can proceed with $1.3 billion in approved lic sector leaders of the Russian Far East and loans and authorize $700 million in re- the U.S. west coast, based on the initiative quested loans for the important oil and gas of the President of the Russian Federation sector. The two Presidents also undertook to in Seattle in September 1994. accelerate implementation of the $750 mil- The President of the United States of lion Eximbank-Gazprom financing facility. America and the President of the Russian The President of the Russian Federation Federation noted that a strong basis for eco- noted the importance of the IL–96M project nomic, commercial and technological co- to civil aviation cooperation between the two operation between the two countries has countries and the President of the United been created, which is aimed at supporting States of America confirmed that the U.S. the transformation of the Russian economy Export-Import Bank is reviewing a financing and Russia’s full integration into the world application for this project. economy. The two Presidents expressed The two Presidents welcomed progress strong support for these historic goals. made in negotiations between American and Russian companies on production sharing NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- agreements and look forward to the signing tion of the content of this joint statement.

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Joint Statement on the Transparency —Fissile materials from or within civil nu- and Irreversibility of the Process of clear programs will not be used to man- Reducing Nuclear Weapons ufacture nuclear weapons. The United States of America and the Rus- May 10, 1995 sian Federation will negotiate agreements to increase the transparency and irreversibility The President of the United States of of nuclear arms reduction that, inter alia, es- America and the President of the Russian tablish: Federation, —An exchange on a regular basis of de- After examining the exchange of views tailed information on aggregate stock- which took place during the December 1994 piles of nuclear warheads, on stocks of meeting of the Gore-Chernomyrdin Com- fissile materials and on their safety and mission in regard to the aggregate stockpiles security; of nuclear warheads, stocks of fissile mate- —A cooperative arrangements for recip- rials, and their safety and security, as well rocal monitoring at storage facilities of as a discussion of the Joint Working Group fissile materials removed from nuclear on Nuclear Safeguards, Transparency and warheads and declared to be excess to Irreversibility of further measures to improve national security requirements to help confidence in and increase the transparency confirm the irreversibility of the process and irreversibility of the process of reducing of reducing nuclear weapons, recogniz- nuclear weapons, ing that progress in this area is linked Reaffirm the commitment of the United to progress in implementing the joint States of America and the Russian Federa- U.S.-Russian program for the fissile ma- tion to the goal of nuclear disarmament and terial storage facility at Mayak; and their desire to pursue further measures to —Other cooperative measures, as nec- improve confidence in and increase the essary to enhance confidence in the re- transparency and irreversibility of the proc- ciprocal declarations of fissile material ess of nuclear arms reduction, as they agreed stockpiles. in January and September 1994; The United States of America and the Rus- Reaffirm the desire of the United States sian Federation will strive to conclude as of America and the Russian Federation to soon as possible agreements which are based exchange detailed information on aggregate on these principles. stockpiles of nuclear warheads, on stocks of The United States of America and the Rus- fissile materials and on their safety and secu- sian Federation will also examine and seek rity and to develop a process for exchange to define further measures to increase the of this information on a regular basis; and transparency and irreversibility of the proc- Express the desire of the United States of ess of reducing nuclear weapons, including America and the Russian Federation to es- intergovernmental arrangements to extend tablish as soon as possible concrete arrange- cooperation to further phases of the process ments for enhancing transparency and of eliminating nuclear weapons declared ex- irreversibility of the process of nuclear arms cess to national security requirements as a reduction. result of nuclear arms reduction. Taking into account the proposal by Presi- The Presidents urged progress in imple- dent B.N. Yeltsin for a treaty on nuclear safe- menting current agreements affecting the ty and strategic stability among the five nu- irreversibility of the process of reducing nu- clear powers, they declare that: clear weapons such as the June 23, 1994, —Fissile materials removed from nuclear agreement concerning the shutdown of plu- weapons being eliminated and excess to tonium production reactors and the cessation national security requirements will not of use of newly produced plutonium for nu- be used to manufacture nuclear weap- clear weapons, in all its interrelated provi- ons; sions, including, inter alia, cooperation in —No newly produced fissile materials will creation of alternative energy sources, shut- be used in nuclear weapons; and down of plutonium production reactors men-

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tioned above, and development of respective promise of that victory in World War II, a compliance procedures. victory that bought the West five decades of The United States of America and the Rus- freedom and prosperity. sian Federation will seek to conclude in the Now the cold war is over. Democracy has shortest possible time an agreement for co- triumphed through decades of Western re- operation between their governments ena- solve, but that victory was also yours, through bling the exchange of information as nec- the determination of the peoples of Russia, essary to implement the arrangements called the other former Soviet republics, and the for above, by providing for the protection of countries of Central and Eastern Europe to that information. No information will be ex- be free and to move into the 21st century changed until the respective arrangements as a part of, not apart from, the global move- enter into force. ment toward greater democracy, prosperity, and common security. NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- Your decision for democracy and coopera- tion of the content of this joint statement. tion has given us the opportunity to work to- gether to fulfill the promise of our common Remarks to Students at Moscow victory over forces of fascism 50 years ago. State University I know that it was not an easy decision to May 10, 1995 make and that it is not always an easy deci- sion to stay with. I know that you in Russia Thank you very much, Rector Sadovnichy, will have to chart your own democratic Mrs. Sadovnichy. To the faculty, and most course based on your own traditions and cul- of all, to the students of Moscow State Uni- ture, as well as on the common challenges versity, I am deeply honored to be here and we face. to be here just a few years after my prede- We Americans have now spent over 200 cessor President Reagan also spoke to the years setting our own course. Along the way students. we have endured deep divisions and one I can think of no better place than a great Civil War. We have made mistakes at home seat of learning like Moscow State University and in our relations with other people. At to speak about the past and future of Russia. times we have fallen short of our own ideals. In this spirit, Mikhail Lomonosov lives on, Our system can sometimes seem unneces- for just as he modernized your ancient lan- sarily burdened by divisions and constraint. guage for the Russian people two centuries But as Winston Churchill once said, ‘‘De- ago, today you must take the lead in shaping mocracy is the worst system of government, a new language, a language of democracy except for all the others.’’ It has produced that will help all Russia to chart a new course more prosperity, more security, and more for your ancient land. opportunity for self-fulfillment than all of its Here you openly debate the pressing is- competitors in the entire world in the last sues of the day. And though you can only 200 years. hear echoes of your nation’s history, you are The United States supports the forces of living it and making it as you ponder and democracy and reform here in Russia be- prepare for what is yet to come. cause it is in our national interest to do so. Yesterday all of Russia and much of the I have worked hard to make this post-cold- entire world paused to remember the end war world a safer and more hopeful place of World War II and the terrible, almost un- for the American people. As President, that imaginable price the peoples of the Soviet is my job. That is every President’s job. But Union paid for survival and for victory. Be- I have had the opportunity, unlike my recent cause our alliance with you was shattered at predecessors, to work with Russia instead of the war’s end by the onset of the cold war, being in opposition to Russia. And I want Americans never fully appreciated, until yes- to keep it that way. terday, the true extent of your sacrifice and I am proud that for the first time since its contribution to our common victory. And the dawn of the nuclear age, no Russian mis- the Russian people were denied the full siles are pointed at the children of America.

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And now that I am here, I might paraphrase your national interest in terms that make oth- what your Foreign Minister told me in Wash- ers less secure. The answer is to stay on this ington last month: I am also proud that no course, to reap the full benefits of democ- American missiles are pointed at you or me racy, and to work on these problems with for the first time since the dawn of the nu- those of us who have a stake in your success, clear age. because your success makes us safer and Both our nations are destroying thousands more prosperous as well. of nuclear weapons at a faster rate than our That success, I believe, depends upon treaties require. We have removed the last three things: first, continuing to strengthen nuclear weapons from Kazakhstan. And your democracy; second, improving your Ukraine and Belarus will soon follow. We are economy and reducing social and economic cooperating with you to prevent nuclear problems; and third, establishing your role weapons and bomb-making materials from in the world in a way that enhances your eco- falling into the hands of terrorists and smug- nomic and national security interests, not at glers. We are working together to extend in- the expense of your friends and neighbors definitely the Nuclear Non-Proliferation but in cooperation with them. Treaty, the cornerstone of our efforts to stop First, the work of building democracy the spread of nuclear weapons. never ends. The democratic system can never Your progress on the economic front is also be perfected, because human beings are not important. I have seen reports that more than perfect. In America today, we are engaged 60 percent of your economy is now in private in a renewed debate over which decisions hands. Inflation is dropping, and your gov- should be made by our National Government ernment is taking sensible steps to control and which ones should be made locally or its budget deficit. Managers work to satisfy by private citizens on their own, unimpeded customers and to make profits. Employees, by Government. We argue today over the more and more, search for the best jobs at proper roles of the different branches of the highest wages. And every day, despite Government, and we argue over how we can hardship and uncertainty, more and more be strengthened, not weakened, by the great Russian people are able to make decisions diversity in our society. These are enduring in free markets rather than having their challenges that all democracies face. choices dictated to them. But no element among them is more fun- We have supported these reforms. They damental than the holding of free elections. are good for you, but they are also good for In our meetings today, President Yeltsin once the United States and for the rest of the again pledged to keep on schedule both a world, for they bring us together and move new round of parliamentary elections in De- us forward. cember and the Presidential election next I know there are severe problems. There June. He has shown that he understands are severe problems in your transition to a what has often been said about a new democ- market economy. I know, too, that in any- racy: The second elections are even more im- where free markets exist, they do not solve portant than the first, for the second elec- all social problems. They require policies that tions establish a pattern of peaceful transition can ensure economic fairness and basic of power. human decency to those who need and de- Therefore, I urge all Russians who have serve help. the right to vote to exercise that vote this Finally, I know that all democracies, the year and next year. Many people sacrificed United States included, face new challenges so that you could have this power. I address from the emergency of the global economy that plea especially to the young people in and the information age, as well as from the this room and throughout your great nation. threats posed by the proliferation of weapons Your future is fully before you. And these of mass destruction, by organized crime, and elections will shape that future. Do not fall by terrorism. But the answer is not to back into the trap that I hear even in my own away from democracy or to go back to isola- country of believing that your vote does not tion. The answer is not to go back to defining count. It does count. It will count if you cast

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it. And if you do not cast it, that will count Yeltsin earlier today, this terrible tragedy for something, too. So I urge you to exercise must be brought to a rapid and peaceful con- the vote. clusion. Continued fighting in that region can But the heart of a democracy does not lie only spill more blood and further erode sup- in the ballot box alone. That is why it is also port for Russia among her neighbors around important that your generation continue to the world. demand and support a free and independent Holding free elections, ensuring a free and press. Again, this can be a difficult, even dan- independent press, promoting tolerance of gerous process, as the people in your press diversity, these are some of the difficult tasks know all too well. Dmitriy Kholodov and of building a democracy. They are all impor- Vladislav Listyev were murdered in pursuit tant. of the truth, victims of their vigorous belief But these efforts also depend upon your in the public’s right to know. You must not economic reforms. Your efforts on the politi- allow those assassins who targeted them to cal front will benefit from efforts on the eco- steal from your people one of the essential nomic front that generate prosperity and give freedoms of democracy, the freedom of the people a greater stake in a democratic future. press. To too many people in this country, I know There is another challenge, a challenge of that economic reform has come to mean building tolerance, for tolerance, too, lies at hardship, uncertainty, crime, and corruption. the heart of any democracy. Few nations on Profitable enterprises once owned by the Earth can rival Russia’s vast human and natu- state have been moved into private hands, ral resources or her diversity. Within your sometimes under allegedly questionable cir- borders live more than 100 different ethnic groups. Scores of literary, cultural, and artis- cumstances. The demands of extortionists tic traditions thrive among your people. And have stopped some would-be entrepreneurs in the last few years, millions have returned from even going into business. And when the to their faiths, seeking refuge in their stability heavy hand of totalitarianism was lifted from and finding hope in their teachings. These your society, many structures necessary for are vital signs of democracy taking root. a free market to take shape were not there, Given your nation’s great diversity, it and organized crime was able to move into would have been easy along this path to sur- the vacuum. render to the cries of extremists who in the These are real and urgent concerns. They name of patriotism have tried to rally support demand an all-out battle to create a market by stirring up fear among different peoples. based on law, not lawlessness, a market that But you have embraced, instead, the cause rewards merit, not malice. Economic reform of tolerance. The vast majority of Russians must not be an excuse for the privileged and have rejected those poisonous arguments and the strong to prey upon the weak. bolstered your young, fragile democracy. To help your government break the power When Americans and others in the West of those criminals, our Federal Bureau of In- look back on the events of the last 4 years, vestigation has opened an office here in Mos- we are struck by the remarkably peaceful na- cow. And we are cooperating with your gov- ture of your revolutionary transition. Your ac- ernment’s attempts to strengthen the integ- complishment to go through a massive social rity of your markets. and political upheaval and the breakup of an Pressures in the market economy are also empire with so little brutality and bloodshed leaving some people behind, people whose has few precedents in history. Your restraint needs are not being met and who are not was a critical factor in paving the way for able to compete and win, while some of the Russia to take its place in the global commu- richest are said to pay no taxes at all. Those nity, a modern state at peace with itself and Russians who lose their jobs or who live in its neighbors. poverty deserve an economic and social safe- Now, it is against this backdrop, this great ty net that is strong enough to break their achievement, that we Americans have viewed fall and keep them going until they can get the tragedy in Chechnya. As I told President back on their feet.

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Finally, market economies require dis- Second, the United States strongly be- cipline. Cutting inflation helps families strug- lieves that there should be no future nuclear gling to become members of the new Russian cooperation with Iran. We believe that is in middle class so they need not fear the future. Russia’s interest. Today President Yeltsin Continuing your country’s recent record of said that Russia would not sell enrichment more realistic budgets is vital to achieving technology or training to Iran because that long-term economic stability. I say this from could clearly be used to develop a nuclear experience. From the beginning of my ad- capacity. And that should be more important ministration I have pursued these goals, be- to you than to us because you are closer to cause even though they require some sac- Iran than we are. I gave President Yeltsin rifice in the short term, they promise lasting some intelligence that the United States economic growth that will benefit all of our Government has that we believe supports the people and yours as well. proposition that no nuclear cooperation in The transition to a more honest and open the future, not even the light water reactors, market economy requires time. New prob- should proceed. And the two of us agreed lems will appear as your economy gains to ask the special commission headed by ground. But in the midst of the pain, I would Prime Minister Chernomyrdin and Vice urge you also to see the promise. Countries President Gore to look into this matter fur- that were in economic ruin at the end of ther. World War II today rank among the world’s On the outstanding issues of arms sales to most dynamic nations because they have Iran, we reached agreement with Russia made a market economy and democracy which will now permit Russia, your country, work. to be one of the founding members of the Finally, Russia’s success at political and so-called post-COCOM regime, an agree- economic reform at home requires an ap- ment among nations to limit the sales of all proach to the world that reinforces your dangerous weapons around the world in ways progress and enhances your security. Russia that will increase your security and ours. and the United States must work together in this regard. We must work for our com- Next, we agreed to immediately work to mon security. More than anything else, that see if we could get our respective parliamen- is what my meeting with President Yeltsin tary bodies to ratify the START II treaty this today was all about, and we made progress year so that we could continue to reduce our in many areas. I would like to report them nuclear arsenals and, after START II is rati- to you. fied, to consider further reductions in the nu- First, Russia agreed to implement its Part- clear arsenals of the United States and Russia nership For Peace with NATO. And I agreed to make your future safer. We also agreed now to press NATO to begin talks on a spe- to a statement of principles on one of the cial relationship with Russia. most difficult issues in our security relation- The United States has made it clear that ship, how we define so-called theater missile we favor a strong continuing NATO, that any defenses in the context of our Antiballistic admission of new members be based on the Missile Treaty—designed, again, to make us principles we have articulated along with our both safer. partners. It must be gradual and deliberate Next, we agreed to begin visits to our bio- and open and consistent with the security in- logical weapons installations this August as terests of all of our partners for peace, in- part of our continued commitment to reduce cluding Russia. the threat of biological and chemical weap- My goal since I became President has ons proliferation throughout the world. And been to use the fact that the cold war is over if you consider what recently happened, the to unify Europe for the first time in its his- terrible incident in the subway in Japan, our tory. And that is what we must all be working future security and your future security is for. President Yeltsin’s decision to join the threatened not only by nuclear weapons but Partnership For Peace will support that move by the potential of biological and chemical toward security and unity. weapons falling into the wrong hands as well.

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And finally, in the wake of all those inci- wants and needs strong democratic countries dents, the problems in Russia with organized where people are truly free and secure. And crime and the awful tragedy that we had in this world needs a strong and democratic our country in Oklahoma City, the United Russia to help meet these challenges. States and Russia agreed that we must work It is in that context that I have pledged much harder in sharing information, sharing to President Yeltsin we will continue to work technology, sharing research in the areas of on all the issues between us. And it is in that combating terrorism and organized crime. context that I urged the President to have This meeting was a success because every no future nuclear cooperation with Iran. one of those decisions will give you and your Think about the future that we have to- counterparts in the United States a safer fu- gether. We have already witnessed what Rus- ture. And we need to do more of this kind sia can do on the world stage when it is com- of work together. pletely engaged and committed to democ- As we close the door on this 20th century, racy. From the Near East to as far away as the bloodiest century in the history of the El Salvador, America and the world have world, I am convinced that the next century been made more secure by Russian leader- and your most productive years will be the ship and cooperation. As Russia takes her most exciting time, the time most full of pos- rightful place, we believe that the trends to- sibility in all history. The global economy, the ward democracy and economic freedom and explosion of information, the incredible ad- tolerance must and will continue. vances in technology, the ability of people Yesterday your nation looked back at 50 to move rapidly across large spaces, all of years and paid homage to the heroes of these trends are bringing us into a more inte- World War II. Today let us look ahead 50 grated world. But we must all realize that years to the next century when your children these forces of integration have a dark under- and your grandchildren will recall those who side. stood against the coups, who voted in free In the 21st century, we will face new and elections, who claimed their basic human different security threats. In the 21st century, rights and liberties which had been so long I predict to you, there will be no world war denied, those who made Russia a full partner to write about between nations fighting over in the global march toward freedom and territory. I predict to you that there will not prosperity and security. They will look back, be a new great colossus killing tens of mil- and they will be grateful. lions of its own citizens to maintain control. I know there are some in this country who I believe the battles of the 21st century will do not favor this course. And believe me, be against the organized forces of destruction there are some people in my country who that can cross national lines or threaten us do not believe that you will follow this course. from within our borders. We see these forces They predict that, instead, you will repeat in the bombing of the World Trade Center, the patterns of the past. Well, of course the in the terrible tragedy in Oklahoma City, in outcome is not assured; nothing in human the United States. We see it in the bombings affairs is certain. But I believe those negative on the streets in Israel, designed to kill the voices are mistaken. peace process in the Middle East. We see All sensible people understand the enor- it in that terrible gas attack in the Tokyo sub- mous challenges you face, but if there is one way. We see it in the problems that you and constant element in your history, it is the so many other nations have with organized strength and resilience of the Russian people. crime. You have survived in this century devastating The more open and flexible our societies losses in two World Wars that would have are, the more our people are able to move broken weaker spirits. You succeeded in freely without restraint, the greater we are bringing an end to a communist system and exposed to those kinds of threats. And so we to a cold war that had dominated human af- must become more and more vigilant. We fairs for decades. You have ushered in a new must work together to defeat these new secu- era of freedom. And you can go the rest of rity threats, for in this new century, the world the way.

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In the future, your progress may well be Japan is a valued friend and ally. Our polit- measured not by glorious victories but by ical and strategic relations are strong. Even gradual improvements. And therefore, in in trade, we have worked together to pro- your efforts you will need time and patience, mote successes in the Asia-Pacific Economic two virtues that Leo Tolstoy called the Cooperation forum (APEC) and the Uruguay strongest of all warriors. round of the GATT. It is in the context of You must know in this endeavor that you this overall strong relationship that we must will not be alone, for Russians and Americans directly address our differences. share this bond. We both must learn from our past, and we both must find the courage to change to make the future that our chil- Message to the Congress dren deserve. For the sake of your generation Transmitting the ‘‘Gun-Free School and generations to come, I believe we will Zones Amendments Act of 1995’’ all rise to the challenge. May 10, 1995 Thank you very much. To the Congress of the United States: Today I am transmitting for your imme- NOTE: The President spoke at 6:12 p.m. in the Main Hall. In his remarks, he referred to Viktor diate consideration and passage the ‘‘Gun- Antonovich Sadovnichy, rector of the university; Free School Zones Amendments Act of Foreign Minister Andrey Kozyrev of Russia; and 1995.’’ This Act will provide the jurisdictional journalist Dmitriy Kholodov and television per- element for the Gun-Free School Zones Act sonality Vladislav Listyev, who were recently as- of 1990 required by the Supreme Court’s re- sassinated in Russia. A tape was not available for cent decision in United States v. Lopez. verification of the content of these remarks. In a 5–4 decision, the Court in Lopez held that the Congress had exceeded its authority under the Commerce Clause by enacting the Statement on Trade With Japan Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, codified May 10, 1995 at 18 U.S.C. 922(q). The Court found that this Act did not contain the jurisdictional ele- For more than 2 years, I have committed ment that would ensure that the firearms my administration to a bipartisan effort to possession in question has the requisite nexus open world markets. I have done this because with interstate commerce. where markets are open, Americans compete In the wake of that decision, I directed and win, and that means more high-paying Attorney General Reno to present to me an U.S. jobs. analysis of Lopez and to recommend a legis- Over the past 20 months, my administra- lative solution to the problem identified by tion has made every effort through negotia- that decision. Her legislative recommenda- tions to remove obstacles to Japan’s auto and tion is presented in this proposal. auto parts market. Unfortunately, those ne- The legislative proposal would amend the gotiations have not produced meaningful re- Gun-Free School Zones Act by adding the sults. Today, we announced U.S. action in requirement that the Government prove that response to the continued discrimination the firearm has ‘‘moved in or the possession against U.S. and foreign competitive autos of such firearm otherwise affects interstate and auto parts in Japan. I want to underscore or foreign commerce.’’ my strong support for these actions. The addition of this jurisdictional element At my direction, my administration will fi- would limit the Act’s ‘‘reach to a discrete set nalize a preliminary list of Japanese goods of firearm possessions that additionally have for retaliation. I also have directed Ambas- an explicit connection with or effect on inter- sador Kantor to send a pre-filing notification state commerce,’’ as the Court stated in to the Director General of the WTO, indicat- Lopez, and thereby bring it within the Con- ing our intent to pursue a WTO case against gress’ Commerce Clause authority. Japan’s unfair trading practices in the auto The Attorney General reported to me that and auto parts sector. this proposal would have little, if any, impact

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on the ability of prosecutors to charge this these leaders talk about the conditions here offense, for the vast majority of firearms have in Russia, what the people are going through. ‘‘moved in . . . commerce’’ before reaching It’s an opportunity for me to learn and to their eventual possessor. reemphasize that I came on this trip because, Furthermore, by also including the possi- first, I wanted to express the feelings of the bility of proving the offense by showing that United States on the 50th anniversary of the the possession of the firearm ‘‘otherwise af- end of World War II and to finally acknowl- fects interstate or foreign commerce,’’ this edge the enormous sacrifice of the Russian proposal would leave open the possibility of people and, secondly, because I am trying showing, under the facts of a particular case, to increase the security of the people of that although the firearm itself may not have America and the people of Russia in this ‘‘moved in . . . interstate or foreign com- partnership. So I’m glad to have a chance merce,’’ its possession nonetheless has a suf- to have this meeting. ficient nexus to commerce. Q. What are you going to tell them? The Attorney General has advised that this The President. Just what I told you just proposal does not require the Government now. I’m going to listen. I’m going to listen. to prove that a defendant had knowledge that Q. Do you think you have—you’ve been the firearm ‘‘ has moved in or the possession emphasizing the security aspect of your trip. of such firearm otherwise affects interstate Do you think you’ve succeeded? or foreign commerce.’’ The defendant must The President. Yes. We’re in better shape know only that he or she possesses the fire- than we were before I got here. It was a good arm. trip. I am committed to doing everything in my power to make schools places where young [At this point, one group of reporters left the people can be secure, where they can learn, room, and another group entered.] and where parents can be confident that dis- Q. [Inaudible]—did you run today, Mr. cipline is enforced. President? Did you run today? I pledge that the Administration will do The President. I didn’t. I ran yesterday, our part to help make our schools safe and and I was—— the neighborhoods around them safe. We are Q. What about today? prepared to work immediately with the Con- The President. ——in the gym this morn- gress to enact this legislation. I urge the ing. I ran away from the weather. I worked prompt and favorable consideration of this out in the gymnasium at the hotel. I was weak legislative proposal by the Congress. today. I gave into the weather. William J. Clinton NOTE: The exchange began at 8:45 a.m. at Spaso The White House, House. A tape was not available for verification May 10, 1995. of the content of this exchange.

Exchange With Reporters Prior to a Remarks on Arrival in Kiev, Ukraine Meeting With Opposition Leaders in May 11, 1995 Moscow May 11, 1995 President Kuchma, Mrs. Kuchma, distin- guished members of the government: It is Q. Good morning, Mr. President. a great honor for me and for our party to The President. Good morning. How are be in one of Europe’s oldest nations and you? youngest democracies. Q. Very good, sir. Does President Yeltsin This trip, which follows my stopover here have any reason to be upset at this meeting in January of 1994 and President Kuchma’s you’re having this morning? trip to Washington last fall, will give us an The President. I don’t think so. I’m look- opportunity to continue the tremendous ing forward to this breakfast. I want to have progress we have made in building strong this opportunity mostly just to listen to all and productive ties between our countries.

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This week in Washington, Moscow, and NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 3:25 now Kiev, we celebrated an alliance that p.m. in the Mariinsky Palace Courtyard. In his turned back the forces of fascism 50 years remarks, he referred to President Leonid Kuchma ago. Our victory was shared. But its cost to of Ukraine and his wife, Lyudmyla Niaolayivna Kuchma. the people of the former Soviet Union was unique. On this land alone, more than 5 mil- lion Ukrainians lost their lives to the war. Now, the tremendous will the Ukrainian Statement on Extension of the people brought to the war effort is building Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty a great future for this nation. The United May 11, 1995 States has an important stake in that future. A secure, stable, and prosperous Ukraine can Today in New York the nations of the become a hub of democracy for Central Eu- world made history. The decision by consen- rope and an important political and economic sus to extend indefinitely the Nuclear Non- partner for the United States. Proliferation Treaty without conditions is a Already, we have seen what such a part- critical step in making the American peo- nership can accomplish. Ukraine chose to ple—and people throughout the world— give up nuclear weapons when the former more safe and secure. It will build a better Soviet Union dissolved. Your decision has future for our children and the generations to come. made the Ukrainian people, the American Indefinite extension of the NPT has been people, and the entire world much safer and a central priority of my Administration—the more secure. On behalf of the United States, primary item on the most ambitious arms I want to thank you for that brave and wise control agenda since the dawn of the nuclear decision. age. For twenty-five years, the NPT has been We have also been heartened by the bold the cornerstone of global efforts to reduce steps Ukraine has taken over the past several the danger of nuclear weapons. Today’s over- months to foster free markets. Those were whelming consensus in favor of making the the right steps and the international commu- treaty permanent testifies to a deep and abid- nity has given the right response: large-scale ing international commitment to confront the assistance to help Ukraine stay on the path danger posed by nuclear weapons. of reform. I want President Kuchma and the It is fitting that we should do this today. Ukrainian people to know that the United This week, all the world’s peoples have joined States and the West will stay the course with together to commemorate the events of fifty you. years ago, when the allied forces defeated I look forward to discussing the potential fascism but much of the world lay shattered for strengthening the economic ties between by war and shrouded by the dawn of the our two nations. The private sector can be atomic age. After five decades of Cold War the engine of economic growth for Ukraine. competition and the specter of nuclear holo- And as prosperity takes hold, 52 million caust between East and West, the decision Ukrainians can become major consumers of to make the Non-Proliferation Treaty perma- our goods and services. That will produce nent opens a new and more hopeful chapter more jobs, at better wages, in both our coun- in our history. tries. The nuclear danger has not ended. The The United States admires the extraor- capability to build nuclear weapons cannot dinary progress Ukraine has made in such be unlearned, nor will evil ambition dis- a short time. Building democracy and a suc- appear. But the overwhelming consensus in cessful market economy takes time and pa- favor of the Treaty and its future attests to tience. Ukrainian people are demonstrating a deep and abiding international commit- an abundance of both, and I am here to reaf- ment to confront the nuclear danger by re- firm our country’s strong support for your jecting nuclear proliferation. This decision courage and vision. says to our children and all who follow: the Thank you very much. community of nations will remain steadfast

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in opposing the dangerous spread of nuclear Whether biological, foster, or adoptive, weapons. mothers have a unique ability to caution and I am especially pleased to receive this news care for their children and to instill in them in Kiev, for Ukraine’s adherence to the NPT the values of honesty, respect, and faith. As as a non-nuclear weapons state and its action role models for their children, mothers show to bring START I into force were major con- by example the infinite possibilities of life. tributions to the effort to achieve indefinite No matter our age, our mothers are ready extension of the Treaty. I want once more to understand, to love, and to listen. We best to thank President Kuchma for these impor- observe this special day by living our lives tant and positive steps. to reflect the love they have given us and This moment also owes much to the by teaching our children to hope for a bright- progress made by the United States and Rus- er tomorrow. sia in reducing and dismantling strategic nu- To honor all mothers and their special clear arsenals. As one of the three deposi- place in our hearts, the Congress, by a joint taries of the NPT, Russia has worked closely resolution approved May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. with us and others to bring about the Treaty’s 770), has designated the second Sunday in indefinite extension. May each year as ‘‘Mother’s Day’’ and re- This event is a victory for all. I want to quested the President to call for its appro- express my appreciation to all of the coun- priate observance. tries who worked hard to achieve a successful Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, outcome to the NPT Extension Conference, President of the United States of America, and who have made a decision that strength- do hereby proclaim Sunday, May 14, 1995, ens the security of every nation and of all as ‘‘Mother’s Day.’’ I urge all Americans to people. consider how much mothers have contrib- uted to the well-being of our Nation. I call Proclamation 6797—Mother’s Day, upon our citizens to observe this day with 1995 appropriate programs, ceremonies, and ac- tivities. May 11, 1995 In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set By the President of the United States my hand this eleventh day of May, in the of America year of our Lord nineteen hundred and nine- ty-five, and of the Independence of the Unit- A Proclamation ed States of America the two hundred and Each year, Americans pause on the second nineteenth. Sunday of May to celebrate the gift of moth- William J. Clinton erhood. Mother’s Day reminds all of us to honor our mothers and to show them our [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, love and appreciation—on this day and 3:13 p.m., May 11, 1995] throughout the year. Whether we embrace NOTE: This proclamation was published in the our mothers in person or hold fast to a loving Federal Register on May 15. memory, the strength of their spirit and the blessing of their compassion stay with us for a lifetime. Proclamation 6798—National Safe Americans’ vitality as a people flows from Boating Week, 1995 the health of our families. The heart and soul May 11, 1995 of our national life, mothers rise each day to take on myriad tasks, from driving a car- By the President of the United States pool to directing a city council. They are an of America anchor to generations past and a bridge to the world of the future. Meeting the chal- A Proclamation lenge of motherhood is one of society’s great- Recreational boating has become one of est responsibilities, and those who do this this Nation’s most popular leisure-time ac- work every day do a service to all humanity. tivities. It is estimated that in 1995, more

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than 76 million Americans will enjoy our In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set country’s scenic waterways, engaging in pas- my hand this eleventh day of May, in the times from fishing and cruising to water- year of our Lord nineteen hundred and nine- skiing, sailing, and sightseeing. Most Ameri- ty-five, and of the Independence of the Unit- cans will act responsibly in these activities, ed States of America the two hundred and ensuring the safety of their families and nineteenth. friends. Yet much work remains to be done William J. Clinton if we are to make boating safe for all of us. Studies indicate that in more than 85 per- [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, cent of the fully documented recreational 3:14 p.m., May 11, 1995] boating fatalities, the victim was not wearing NOTE: This proclamation was published in the any type of life jacket. This tragic statistic Federal Register on May 15. highlights a simple fact: personal flotation de- vices can help prevent more than 600 fatali- ties annually. I urge all Americans to wear Message to the Senate Transmitting them regularly when on our waterways. the Convention on Nuclear Safety The United States Coast Guard, the Na- May 11, 1995 tional Safe Boating Council, and the many State and local recreational boating organiza- To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith, for Senate advice and tions and governmental agencies are working consent to ratification, the Convention on with volunteer organizations across the coun- Nuclear Safety done at Vienna on September try to educate the boating public about the 20, 1994. This Convention was adopted by importance of wearing life jackets. This ad- a Diplomatic Conference convened by the vice applies not only to boat operators but International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) also to passengers and all individuals partici- in June 1994 and was opened for signature pating in sporting activities on the waterways. in Vienna on September 20, 1994, during the Falling overboard and capsizing are the lead- IAEA General Conference. Secretary of En- ing causes of boating fatalities, and more than ergy O’Leary signed the Convention for the half of all boating accidents are alcohol-relat- United States on that date. Also transmitted ed. But with responsible behavior and the for the information of the Senate is the report proper precautions, families and friends can of the Department of State concerning the experience the joys of boating for years to Convention. come. At the September 1991 General Con- In recognition of the importance of safe ference of the IAEA, a resolution was adopt- boating practices, the Congress, by joint res- ed, with U.S. support, calling for the IAEA olution approved June 4, 1958 [36 U.S.C. secretariat to develop elements for a possible 161], as amended, has authorized and re- International Convention on Nuclear Safety. quested the President to proclaim annually From 1992 to 1994, the IAEA convened the seven day period prior to the Memorial seven expert working group meetings, in Day Weekend, as ‘‘National Safe Boating which the United States participated. The Week.’’ IAEA Board of Governors approved a draft Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, text at its meeting in February 1994, after President of the United States of America, which the IAEA convened a Diplomatic do hereby proclaim May 20 through May 26, Conference attended by representatives of 1995, as National Safe Boating Week. I en- more than 80 countries in June 1994. The courage the Governors of the 50 States and final text of the Convention resulted from the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and offi- that Conference. cials of other areas subject to the jurisdiction The Convention establishes a legal obliga- of the United States, to join in observing this tion on the part of Parties to apply certain week. I urge all Americans to practice safe general safety principles to the construction, recreational boating during these days and operation, and regulation of land-based civil- throughout the year. ian nuclear power plants under their jurisdic-

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tion. Parties to the Convention also agree to Remarks at the Menorah Memorial submit periodic reports on the steps they are at Babi Yar in Kiev taking to implement the obligations of the Convention. These reports will be reviewed May 12, 1995 and discussed at review meetings of the Par- ties, at which each Party will have an oppor- Thank you, Rabbi, to the people of tunity to discuss and seek clarification of re- Ukraine, and especially to the veterans of ports submitted by other Parties. World War II and the children who are here. The United States has initiated many steps Here on the edge of this wooded ravine, we to deal with nuclear safety, and has sup- bear witness eternally to the consequences ported the effort to develop this Convention. of evil. Here at Babi Yar, almost 54 years With its obligatory reporting and review pro- ago, more than 30,000 men, women, and cedures, requiring Parties to demonstrate in children were slaughtered in the first 3 days international meetings how they are comply- alone. They died for no other reason than ing with safety principles, the Convention the blood that ran through their veins. We should encourage countries to improve nu- remember their sacrifice, and we vow never clear safety domestically and thus result in to forget. an increase in nuclear safety worldwide. I In late September 1941, the Nazi occupy- urge the Senate to act expeditiously in giving ing army ordered the Jewish population of its advice and consent to ratification. Kiev together, with their valuables and be- longings. ‘‘We thought we were being sent William J. Clinton on a journey,’’ one survivor recalled. But in- stead they were being herded to the ravine, The White House, stripped, and shot down. By year’s end, more May 11, 1995. than 100,000 Jews, 10,000 Ukrainian nation- alists, Soviet prisoners of war, and gypsies had been exterminated here. Letter to Congressional Leaders The writer, Anatoly Kuznietzov, was a Transmitting a Report on child in Kiev during the war. He remembers Democracy Promotion Programs the day the deportations began. ‘‘My grand- May 11, 1995 father stood in the middle of the courtyard straining to hear something. He raised his Dear Mr. Chairman: finger. ‘Do you know what?’ he said with hor- I am pleased to transmit herewith a report ror in his voice. ‘They’re not deporting them. on the democracy promotion programs fund- They’re shooting them.’ ’’ ed by the United States Government. The Years later, Kuznietzov brought the poet report is required by section 534 of the For- Yevgeny Yevtushenko to Babi Yar. And that eign Relations Authorization Act for Fiscal night, Yevtushenko wrote one of his most Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236). celebrated poems: The report reviews the current status of Over Babi Yar there are no memorials. U.S.-sponsored programs to promote democ- The steep hillside, like a rough inscrip- racy. As part of the Vice President’s National tion. I am frightened. Today I am as old Performance Review, agencies will be seek- as the Jewish race. I seem to myself a ing ways to further streamline these pro- Jew at this moment. grams in the coming months. These words speak to us across the genera- Sincerely, tions, a reminder of the past, a warning for the future. William J. Clinton In the quiet of this place, the victims of Babi Yar cry out to us still. Never forget, they NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Jesse Helms, tell us, that humanity is capable of the worst, chairman, Senate Committee on Foreign Rela- just as it is capable of the best. tions, and Benjamin A. Gilman, chairman, House Never forget that the forces of darkness Committee on International Relations. cannot be defeated with silence or indiffer-

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ence. Never forget that we are all Jews and I would like to say a special word to the gypsies and Slavs. Never forget. students and scholars here. I know the times May God bless this holy place. are difficult now, and I commend you for taking the hard road, for putting the needs NOTE: The President spoke at 12:12 p.m. of your future and your nation above imme- diate personal concerns. Your efforts will be repaid, for your independent country has a Remarks at Schevchenko University better chance to create freedom and prosper- in Kiev ity than it has had in centuries, and to do May 12, 1995 it in a way that is uniquely your own as one of Europe’s oldest peoples forging one of its Thank you very much. newest democracies. I first would thank Olexiy Meleshchuk for Ukraine is rising to the historic challenge that fine introduction. I thank Olena of its reemergence as a nation on the world’s Sheveliova for her fine remarks and for rep- stage. Already your nation can claim respon- resenting the university students here. I sibility for a major contribution to global thank the rector, Viktor Skopenko, for his re- peace. Your wise decision to eliminate nu- marks and for the honorary degree, which clear weapons on your territory has earned I will treasure and display in the White your nation respect and gratitude everywhere House. in the world. I am delighted to be joined here by my Your accession to the Nuclear Non-Pro- wife and by ministers and other important liferation Treaty has sent an unmistakable members of our administration, by the message for peace and against weapons of Mayor of Kiev, and members of your national mass destruction. Without those farsighted government, and by former President acts, the historic vote yesterday by the Kravchuk. I am glad to see them all here, world’s nations, to extend the nonprolifera- and I thank them for being here with me tion treaty indefinitely and unconditionally, today. I am deeply honored to be the first would not have been possible. This will make American President to appear before the the people of the world for generations to people of a free and independent Ukraine. come safer and more secure. Today we celebrate the alliance of our peo- For 25 years this treaty has been the cor- ples, who defeated fascism 50 years ago. We nerstone of the world’s efforts to reduce the shared victory then, but the cost to your peo- dangers of nuclear weapons. I am proud of ple of that victory was almost unimaginable. the leadership of the United States in secur- More than 5 million Ukrainians died in the ing the extension of the treaty. But I am also conflict. I am pleased that now after all these proud of the role that Ukraine played, and years we can pay tribute to the extraordinary you should be proud as well. In the short sacrifice here in the Ukrainian homeland. period of your independence, you have It is fitting that we are meeting at this insti- helped make the world a safer, more hopeful tution, named for Taras Schevchenko. More place, and I thank you for that. [Applause] than 30 years ago, America recognized his Thank you. passion for freedom by erecting a statue of A few moments ago Rector Skopenko Schevchenko in the heart of our Nation’s quoted Taras Schevchenko’s question, Capital. Now, at last, America also honors ‘‘When will we receive our Washington with this great champion of liberty in the heart a new and righteous law?’’ The answer is of Ukraine’s capital. now, because so many Ukrainians are striving I am also glad that we are meeting here to build a nation ruled by law and governed at this university because so much of your by the will of the people. Holding free, fair, nation’s future depends upon this place of and frequent elections, protecting the rights learning and others like it throughout your of minorities, building bridges to other de- land. Here, the knowledge that Ukraine mocracies, these mark the way to a ‘‘new needs to build itself will be found. Here, the birth of freedom,’’ in the phrase of our great dreams of a new Ukraine will be dreamed. President Abraham Lincoln.

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Already you have held a landmark election Cruel events made that embrace brief. that produced the first transfer of power During the decades of East-West separation, from one democratic government to another it was left to a million Ukrainian-Americans in any of the nations that emerged after the to keep alive the ties between our people. collapse of the Soviet Union. You have put They fought hard to ensure that the hope tolerance at the heart of your law and law for freedom for you never died out. Today, at the heart of your state. You have claimed their dreams are being fulfilled by you. And your place in the ranks of the world’s great on behalf of all Ukrainian-Americans, I re- democracies as demonstrated by the sight of joice in standing here with you. your flag flying next to the American flag at In the months and years ahead, our part- the White House during President Kuchma’s nership will grow stronger. Together we will historic visit last November. help design the architecture of security in You have earned the admiration of the free an undivided Europe so that Ukraine’s secu- world by setting on a course of economic re- rity is strengthened. We will increase defense form and staying on that course despite the contacts between our nations, consult with pain of adjustment. President Kuchma’s de- one another as NATO prepares to expand, cision to launch ambitious economic reforms and foster ties between Ukraine and the and to press ahead with them was truly bold. West. Ukraine has already taken a strong We know that after so many decades of a leadership role in forming the Partnership command-and-control economy, reform car- For Peace, which is uniting Europe’s democ- ries real human cost in the short term in lost racies in military cooperation and creating a jobs, lower wages, lost personal security. more secure future. We will work with one another as Ukraine But your efforts will not be in vain, be- becomes a full partner in the new Europe, cause the course is right, even if the path and we will deepen the friendship between is difficult. The toil is bitter, but the harvest our peoples in concrete economic ways. is sweet, as the old proverb says. In time, The United States has shown its support your transformation will deliver better, more for Ukraine in deeds, not just words, in the prosperous lives and the chance for you and commitment of more than a billion dollars your children to realize your God-given po- in assistance over 31⁄2 years for political and tential. You and your children will reap the economic reform, another $350 million to harvest of today’s sacrifices. help eliminate nuclear weapons, in leading In the pursuit of peace and prosperity, you the world’s financial institutions to commit have been well served by President Kuchma $2.7 billion for Ukraine’s future, and urging and his government’s bold and farsighted our partners in the G–7 to do even more. leadership. You should know this: As you We will continue to work to assist you to build your future, the United States will build a brighter future. stand with you. Our nations have established vigorous For America, support for an independent trade and investment ties, and a group of Ukraine secure in its recognized borders is American and Ukrainian businesspeople are not only a matter of sympathy, it is a matter promoting these ties here in Ukraine this of our national interest as well. We look to year and next year in their meeting in the the day when a democratic and prosperous United States. Together we will enter into Ukraine is America’s full political and eco- exciting new ventures, such as commercial nomic partner in a bulwark of stability in Eu- space launch cooperation. rope. All these efforts will help to build a Fifty years ago, Americans and Ukrainians Ukraine that is sovereign and democratic, engaged in a common struggle against fas- confident and successful, a Ukraine that will cism, and together we won. When U.S. fulfill the hopes of your 52 million citizens troops met a Soviet force at the Elbe for the and provide an essential anchor of stability first time and made that legendary hand- and freedom in a part of the world still reel- shake across a liberated Europe, the unit ing from rapid change, still finding its way they met was the First Ukrainian Army. toward the 21st century.

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Of course, in the end it is you who will The President announced his intention to make your own future. The people of nominate Leo K. Goto to be a member of Ukraine have it in their power to fulfill their the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund oldest wishes and shape a very new destiny. Board of Directors. To live up to that promise, to make the most The President announced his intention to of your role in this global economy in the nominate Marc B. Nathanson as a member information age, your ability to learn and of the Broadcasting Board of Governors for learn and learn will be essential. And so I the International Bureau of Broadcasting. urge you to take to heart the words of Schevchenko, ‘‘Study my brothers, study and May 9 read, learn of foreign things, but don’t forget Following their arrival in Moscow in the that which is yours.’’ early morning, the President and Hillary Our two nations are bound together by a Clinton went to the Kremlin where they par- common vision of freedom and prosperity. ticipated in a wreath-laying ceremony at the Together we shall make that vision real. Tomb of the Unknowns. They then viewed As the great poet of our democracy, Walt the veterans parade at Red Square. Whitman, wrote a century ago, ‘‘The strong- In the afternoon, the President and Hillary est and sweetest songs yet remain to be Clinton toured the Central Museum of the sung.’’ Those strong, sweet songs are of free Great Patriotic War at Poklonnaya Gora. people fulfilling their hopes and dreams; they Later in the afternoon, they attended a re- are the songs of Ukraine’s tomorrow. ception for U.S. veterans of World War II God bless America. Slava Ukrainiy. at the Radisson Slavjanskaya Hotel. In the early evening, the President and NOTE: The President spoke at 11 a.m. at the Hillary Clinton toured the Novedevichy Con- Volodomyrs’ka Street Plaza. In his remarks, he re- vent. Following a reception for heads of state ferred to student speakers Olexiy Meleshchuk, at St. George’s Hall, they attended a state Kyiv-Mohyla Academy University, and Olena dinner hosted by President Boris Yeltsin of Sheveliova, Schevchenko University; Viktor Russia at the Palace of Congresses in the Skopenko, rector, Schevchenko University; and Mayor Leonid Kosakivsky of Kiev. A tape was not Kremlin. available for verification of the content of these The President announced his intention to remarks. nominate John White to be Deputy Secretary of Defense. May 10 In the morning, the President met with Digest of Other President Yeltsin in St. Catherine’s Room at White House Announcements the Kremlin. In the evening, the President and Hillary Clinton attended a dinner in the Hall of Fac- The following list includes the President’s public ets at the Kremlin. schedule and other items of general interest an- The President declared a major disaster in nounced by the Office of the Press Secretary and not included elsewhere in this issue. the State of Louisiana and ordered Federal aid to supplement State and local recovery efforts in the area struck by severe storms, May 8 tornadoes, and flooding on May 8–9. In the morning, the President participated The White House announced that the in a wreath-laying ceremony at Arlington President has invited President Robert Cemetery in Arlington, VA, commemorating Mugabe of Zimbabwe to the White House the 50th anniversary of V–E Day. for an official working visit on May 18. In the afternoon, the President and Hillary Clinton traveled to Moscow, Russia. While May 11 en route to Moscow, the President had a tele- In the morning, the President and Hillary phone conversation with President-elect Clinton met with staff at the U.S. Embassy Jacques Chirac of France. compound.

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In the afternoon, the President and Hillary Nominations Clinton toured a Coca-Cola plant. Following Submitted to the Senate the tour, they traveled to Kiev, Ukraine, where the President met with President Leo- nid Kuchma of Ukraine at Mariinsky Palace. The following list does not include promotions of In the evening, the President and Hillary members of the Uniformed Services, nominations Clinton attended a state dinner hosted by to the Service Academies, or nominations of For- eign Service officers. President Kuchma at Mariinsky Palace. The President announced his intention to appoint Michael L. Beatty to be the U.S. Submitted May 8 Representative to the Western Interstate Leo K. Goto, Nuclear Board. of Colorado, to be a member of the Board The President announced his intention to of Directors of the Civil Liberties Public appoint the following individuals to the Advi- Education Fund for a term of 2 years (new sory Committee on the Arts of the John F. position). Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts: —Don Anselmi; Patrick M. Ryan, —Gregory Carr; of Oklahoma, to be U.S. Attorney for the —David Cofrin; Western District of Oklahoma, vice Vicki Miles-LaGrange, resigned. —Susan Gelman; —Mary C. Hansen; Submitted May 9 —Gary Hindes; —Sherry K. Jelsma; John P. White, —Michael Pannos; and of Massachusetts, to be Deputy Secretary of —Gail Rosene Smith. Defense, vice John M. Deutch. The White House announced that the Submitted May 11 President has asked a delegation led by Dep- uty Secretary of Veterans Affairs Hershel Karl N. Stauber, Gober, Assistant Secretary of State Winston of Minnesota, to be a member of the Board Lord, and Deputy Assistant Secretary of De- of Directors of the Commodity Credit Cor- fense for POW/MIA Affairs James Wold to poration, vice Daniel A. Sumner, resigned. travel to Vietnam, May 13–16, and Laos, May 17–18, to facilitate the fullest possible ac- counting of American POW/MIA’s. Checklist of White House Press Releases May 12 In the morning, the President and Hillary Clinton participated in a wreath-laying cere- The following list contains releases of the Office mony at the World War II Memorial. of the Press Secretary that are neither printed as items nor covered by entries in the Digest of In the afternoon, following a departure Other White House Announcements. ceremony at Mariinsky Palace and tours of St. Andrew’s Church and Kyyevo-Pecherska Lavra monastery, the President and Hillary Released May 6 Clinton returned to Washington, DC. Transcript of remarks by Anthony Lake, As- In the evening, the President and Hillary sistant to the President for National Security Clinton traveled to Camp David, MD, for Affairs, to the Annual Interaction Forum on the weekend. May 2

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Transcript of remarks by Anthony Lake, As- Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry sistant to the President for National Security on the Senate version of product liability leg- Affairs, to the American Center for Inter- islation national Leadership on May 3 Fact sheet on the proposed ‘‘Gun-Free Released May 7 School Zones Amendments Act of 1995’’ Advance text of the President’s speech to the Fact sheet on U.S. bilateral assistance to Rus- American Israel Public Affairs Committee sia Policy Conference Fact sheet on the establishment of a civilian Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry research and development foundation on the election of Jacques Chirac as Presi- Fact sheet on U.S.-Russian trade and invest- dent of France ment Released May 8 Released May 11 Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry on the May 6 meeting between President Transcript of a press briefing by Secretary Jose Eduardo dos Santos of Angola and of State Warren Christopher, Treasury Sec- UNITA president Jonas Savimbi in Lusaka, retary Robert Rubin, and National Security Zambia Adviser Anthony Lake on the President’s meeting with President Leonid Kuchma of Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry Ukraine announcing that the President has signed an Executive order imposing new economic Transcript of a press briefing by Chief of sanctions on Iran Staff Leon Panetta, Director of the Office of Management and Budget Alice Rivlin, Announcement of nomination for U.S. Attor- Labor Secretary Robert Reich, and Edu- ney for the Western District of Oklahoma cation Secretary Richard Riley on the impact Released May 9 of Republican budget proposals on education Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- Fact sheet on U.S.-Ukraine cooperation on retary Mike McCurry and State Department dismantlement and nonproliferation assist- Spokesman Nick Burns ance Released May 10 Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry announcing the delegation to Vietnam and Transcript of a press briefing by U.S. Trade Laos, May 13–18 Representative Mickey Kantor, Council of Economic Advisers Chair Laura D’Andrea Released May 12 Tyson, and Secretary of Commerce Ron Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- Brown on trade with Japan retary Mike McCurry Transcript of a press briefing by Chief of Staff Leon Panetta, Director of the Office of Management and Budget Alice Rivlin, Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala, and Council of Economic Acts Approved Advisers Chair Laura D’Andrea Tyson on by the President Republican budget proposals

Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry NOTE: No acts approved by the President were on the visit of President Robert Mugabe of received by the Office of the Federal Register Zimbabwe on May 18 during the period covered by this issue.

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